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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


^ 


^> 


^ 


^^m' 


Twchnical  nnd  Bibliographic  Notes/ Notes  terhniques  Ht  hiblioqr.iphi(|iies 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming    Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction    or  which  maw  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming    are  checked  below 


L  Institut  a  microfilme  le  meilleur  esempi.iire 
qu  il  lui  a  ete  possible  de  se  procurer    Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut  etre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibhographique    qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproouite    ou  qui  peuvent  exiqer  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiques  ci  dessous 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


□ 


~]    Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 


'    Covers  damaged/ 

i    Couverture  endommagee 


E 


Pages  damaged/ 
'  '    Pagsb  endommagees 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restauree  et/ou  pelliculee 


[i; 


Pages  restored  and   or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurees  et/ou  pelliculees 


Q 


Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


Pages  discoloured    stained  or  foxed 
Pages  decolorees,  tachetees  ou  piquees 


Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  geographiques  en  couleur 


1       j    Pages  detached/ 
I i    Pages  detachees 


Coloured  ink  li  e    other  than  blue  or  blackl/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i  e    autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


j     Showthrough 
_J    Transparence 


n 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


n 


Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Qualite  inegale  de  I  impression 


"~"     Bou  id  with  other  materia!/ 
,    Relie  avec  d'autres  documents 


Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 


D 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

Lareliure  serree  peut  causer  de  I  ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int6rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text    Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutees 
lors  d  une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  etait  possible,  ces  pages  n  ont 
pas  ete  filmees. 


n 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  edition  dispomble 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc     have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuiliet  derrata,  une  pelure, 
etc     ont  ete  filmees  a  nouveau  de  facon  a 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible 


□ 


Additional  comments  / 
Commentaires  supplementaires 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filme  au  taux  de  reduction  indique  c    dessous 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

3dX 

.   'l 

j 

1 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24  X 


28  X 


Oi:X 


The  copy  tilin«d  her«j  has  boeti  r«prodiK.fld  thanks 
to  the  qonotosity  of 

I  iht.irv  of  CofifirHSs 
Photoduplu.fttion  StJfvico 


I.  MXi-rnpiairo  f|i(n»>  fut  foproduif  graco  c^  la 
q^nt^rosit^  de 

Lil)Mry  of  Cniu|rt»ss 
Phutodiiphciiliuf)  S«fvu:»! 


The  in\iigos  appearing  hore  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considerinq  the  condition  .ind  Inqibilify 
of  thH  originijl  copy  <ind  in  keopinq  with  the 
filming  contract  spucificaiions 


Les  images  suiv/untus  ont  6t^  (oproduites  av«i:  lo 
plus  ^titi\d  soin    comptH  tHOu  dp  ut  roiuJition  Mt 
de  ia  t>etlut(^  du  lexomplairfj  film*;    ct  no 
conforrnitft  <ivec  l«s  conditions  flu  contrat  de 
filmage 


Onginal  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  iast  pagt*  with  a  printed  or  illuiitrated  imf)res 
sion.  or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate    All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres 
sion,  and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression 


Les  exeniplairos  origiriaux  dont  let  louverture  en 

papier  est  imprini^e  sorit  filmes  en  curnnH>ncanr 

par  le  promiei  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 

derni^re  page  qui  (  omportt;  une  empreinte 

d  impression  ou  d  illustration    soit  par  le  seconcJ 

plat,  selon  le  cas    Tous  les  autres  exemplairws 

originaux  sont  tiltiies  en  co.Timencaru  par  la 

preniij^re  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 

d  impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  pat 

la  dernij^ire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 

empreinte 


The  last  recorded  frame  ofi  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ■^'  (meaning     CON 
TINUED  '),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END    I, 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  r.uivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
derni^re  image  de  (  haquo  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas    le  symbole  —♦'  siqnifie     A  SUIVRE      le 
symbole  V  siynifie     FIN 


IVIaps.  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios    Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner    left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagranis  illustrate  the 
method 


les  cartes,  planches   tableaux,  etc  ,  peuvent  etre 
film6s  t1  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  etre 
reproduit  en  un  seu!  cliche,  il  est  filme  ^  partir 
de  Tangle  superieur  gauche    de  gauche  ^  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d  iniages  necessaire    Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  methode 


1 

1 ■  1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

1            , ,  ■       

mpA 


CHRISTOPHER  COLUMBUS 


■w****** 


LIVES 


OF   THE 


CATHOLIC  HEROES 


IIHROINES  OF  AMERICA, 


•t 


JOHN  O'KANE  MURRAY,  B.S., 

Author  of  tlie '•P.iprr.AR  IfisioKv  or  Till- C'A  I  iioMc  (^iit-R.ii  IN  TMK  UNiiir.  Staffs  •• 

"IKM.SK  AM)  I'OKIKVOI-  lull  AND,"     l.rirl,|-,   I.l  VKS  OK   I  1 1  K  ( iKt.VT 

bAlNTS,"    "  I.i:s>oNs  IN  Kncmsii  I.nr.KAiruK,"  and 


"Camioi.ic  Kdicatiov  in  hie  Uniilu 

SlATKS." 


"  Lives  of  great  men  all  remind  us  ; 
Wc  can  make  our  lives  sulilime." 

—  Longfellow, 

"  There  is  no  sort  of  literature  which  has  afforded  rac  more  pleasure  than  biogra- 
phies and  memoirs."— Z.'/V//,y»  Briiti, 

Uomo  sum  I  huniant  nihU  a  me  allcnum  pMo, 


NEW  YORK: 

JAMES  SHEEHY,  Publisher,  33  BARCLAY  ST 

BALTIMORE:   74  W.  Fayetie  St.      WASHLXGTON:  613  71 11  Sr. 
PIlILADELnUA  :  30  N.  srn  Sr.     BOSTON  :  47  Ha.noves  Si. 

1880. 


/c  - 


v 


; 


r 


r/ 


COPYRIGHT. 

11V 

JAMES    SHEE  HY. 
1879. 


/Z-'dl^7:^f 


TO 

RFAEREND  F.  \VM.  GOCKFLN,  S.  J., 

President  of   St.  John's  College, 
foudilvm.  new  york, 

THIS  VOLUME  IS  DEDICATED 
with  dkkp  respect  and  everv  kind  wish, 

1!y  his  eveu  tuuly  and  gratefully, 

John  O'Kaxe  Mirray, 


1 


,.Mimj-.iiHite(HW'^n'i- 


I 


co.\n:.\Ts. 

— ncjilniiinR  of  the  riiiimllii?i  mlH«l(in»— F'nUirr  T><.niotni— Fiiiliir  l.«' 
Ciuon-VnviiKc  III  till'  llinoM  <.Miiilr\-  (  lmn.|.  uiii  klmIii  on  ilir  \M,r- 
piilh-Tlii  lliiioii  iMiiuii-Tlir  lir,<(  .Mas-,  in  ll'inr  raiimlii-  ■|Ih'  iiiiin  Ii 
fnr  llif  liiinl  i.f  III)  lifH|iii.l^-A  ricliirc  n|  ciiily  wairnn— Tlic  iiliiin  to 
('aniidn- Wlnldiiiu  aiiinn^' thu  havunih— Hliilc  ol' niraiis  lU  (^u.  Im(  — 
Othirliniioitaiil  lvuuk— .Muilarnciiu  Clminpluincomf),  to  (iiitljvc. 

ciiAn'KU  V. 


xiii 


'Alia 


:)U0 


TIIK  I>i;.\TII  OK  ('ll,\MI'I..\!\, 
Urowtli  of  ili(«  rnlnny— Wcligldiis  .lls(  i)iil-(iiu  In c  taken  by  \hv  KnirllMi— 
'rij"f(iliii','iii  France— Till'  lufly  enei';ry  i>l(  liainpliiln— Caiinila  re-lui.  il 
li.  l''ian(('-('liani|ilain  liiciuneft  «iiivemni'— IliHJnllMi  neenver  tlicSuv- 
a.ues-Onwuivl  pii-nrcHs  of  tjic  eo|ony-A  •(.IIi'mc  at  t^iieliei'-ClaiK  e  al 
C'lianipluin's  dully  life— Hi's  iKaiii,  on  (hiisinia.',  Day.  l(JiJ5--lli,',  C'liur- 
•'''''"■ .  073 


,-.9 


FATHKIt  ISAAC  JOCa'KS,  S.J. 
(  IIAITKlt    I. 

THE  YOUTH  OK  A  <1UI;aT  MISrtlONAllV. 

Jogiics'  birth  nml  family— Ills  niutlier-Kdueation— Ilecunes  a  JeMilt— 
Oiillniilinn— Seeks  a  fmeiirn  mission— Ih  sent  to  Canada— Lettt-r  to  iiio 
Ills  niolher— Anolher  letter— Is  sent  to  tlie  Huron  mission— |)esf'ri|illon 
of  thu  Journey— His  missionary  toils— Diilieullics  of  ilie  miisiouaries— 
Ilia  journey  to  the  TolJiicc'o  Nation      .        ,        ,        »        ,        , 

CIIAl'TKIl    II. 

A  CAmVE  AMONG  TIIK  MOHAWKS. 

The  Tross  plantpil  in  .Miehiuan— The  Huron  mission— Father  .Toirnes  on  his 
way  to  (^iieliec— Is  taken  on  the  return  voyage  liy  the  Mohawks — 
fSulTerincs  and  adventures  on  the  way  from  the  St.  Lawrence  to  the 
land  of  the  Mohawks — Lake  (icorfre— Itevolliiiir  loriiiris— The  death  of 
(Joupil— The  martyr-missionary's  life  among  the  .••uvages— His  esciipo 
and  arrival  la  Now  Amsterdam .  388 

CHAPTER  III. 

TIIK  (il.OIUOrS  KM). 

New  York  City  t\v  orniui'iea  and  a  half  ngo— Two  Catholirs— A  pious 
Iri.shnian— Father  JoiTues  is  wrecktd  on  the  Kni;lish  eoa>l— Lands  in 
France  on  Christmas  Pay— Pathi  tic  incidents— At  the  College  of  Uennis 
— The  nation  honors  him  as  a  saint  and  martyr— Helurns  to  Canada — 
Again  amonir  the  Mohawks— Heturns  to  (^uel)e<: — Comes  back  as  an 
apostle— The  glorious  dea'U  of  Father  Jogues       .        ,  .        .  800 


,t     . 

w 


mmMMIMM 


uttmm»imt0mm*ma»-mam 


xiv 


royTKSTf'. 


rATiiKii  .roiix  i)K  iiiii^nErr,  S.J. 
cuArrKU  I. 

TIIinTV-MIX    KVKNTI'ri.  VMAUM.  rial 

Till'  I'lonorr  .I«»uli»  of  Norlli  Aiturli u— .F<»lm  «l«'  Hn'iciif— III*  lilrlh— Hl« 
luiiilly— KiiU'iH  tlu'  Hiultly  of  .Iihux  -ItU  liumllli)~«iorH  I"  Cuimiln— 
IliirtUlilpf-It  ""lit  OH  ilif  Huron  MI«loii— AiiioiiK  the  rtil  iiiiii— All 

ulouc- His  aciill  lo  Q"'l»«'<—lt''"""<  I" '•'''"'"■«' *** 

CIIAITKII  II. 

AMOVU  TIIK  lll'KONH. 

A  pllmpof-A  ronnrll  nnil  wimt  cum.'  of  lt-Tli<'  rvrntfiil  jnnrnoy  to  tlio 
lluriHitoimtrv  -liMliun  n.oK'riipliy-Tlif  Iioiiho  for  llu' .I.Hiiils,  iind  lin 
wonilroiiH  fiirnilun— Ain'ctlottM-I,al.ors (.f  lli.'  iiil».»tioimrii'«i  -'I'Ih- Kor>d 
tuM'il  fiillinir  "II  rocks— Till'  tliouMuii.l-Mii>l  one  oIimIiicIcn— llcroUiu— Do 
Uribi'iif*  vUll  tolUo  liUvaKt'Hof  <lic  Nfulriil  Niitliiii     .         .        .        .410 

(  IIAITKIl  III, 

THE  nt.ESRIVa  OF  HlCf  KMH  ANF*  THE  iiEnnir  Evn. 

Tho  irr-it  lmr%Tsl  of  soiils-PlHy  ..f  iIh-  It..1I,inM-Fall..'r  .1-  II-  Hr.'l.rufi 
n,M,.mrann-son,MlnuO«.forH.isMr,Hh-nisvirtH...-Th..|roMuoiHn,v«. 

Mnn-AHSMulto„ll..-  vlll»v'c..f  HI.   !..uU-A  .,..1.1..  Im   an  ..|,i..f~Ic 
linlMMif  luki-u   rrUoncr-Apimllins  tortures- 1  hu  Hul.llmc  eu.l-lIU 


gri'utuuK 


429 


FATTIKU  ANDKKU'  VrinTE,S..T. 
(  nAlTKlt  I. 

THE  KAni.Y  I.IFIR  OF  A  ^  Ot  N'<   '  KM, si    >> 

D,l..of  Whit.-.  Mrlh-TI...  KnL'lun.l  of  ll.rv.-  r.-nturi-.s  aco-P.rs...'Uti..n 

'     a.  'n' 'l-Li....-  known  of  ^VM...-sH.r.y y..«r«-nis    on......  ..    ;^ 

..I.p..ry-.U..w...r..an.ani.^.--^ 

;;u.i"„,..n,-I.:n...r«  th-  HoHc.y  of  J.-suB-Lubor.  as  a  ,.rofo«»or  in 

various  Vniversitics-HlH  jircnt  learning • 

(ilArTKR  II. 

THE    VOYAC.E    TO    MAItYI-ANn. 

Thcr,ow  ratholic  C'olony-Thc  "  Ark"  and  'J- '' "r";.?';,i::",;l;: 
Me  of  WluM.I-Tl.c  "  H.-latio  ltln..ris  in  Marylan.llam,  not.-  1  o 
a  tt  s  .a  tl...  op,.n  sc.a"-F.ar  ..f  tl.e  Tu,ks-A  vioK'nt  storm-Tlo 
"  Dov  ••  t  .  .u.l.t  to  1U.V..  pcrishcd-A  <lr..n.lful  t..n.,jost  '-l  "'''" 
vAit..'=  prav..r-Snn.l.ino  on  tl.o  Roa-A  prov,.l..ntnil  ,nn.Unt-Tho 
i  IVfW  -Tl.o  M..  of  l?arba.loi.«-D..liv(.ra..cc  from  a  now  .langcr- 
Cabbagllto  fl t  bigh-Thc  .oap  trcc-TLe  pincapplc-Matalina  and 


rAQi 


I  lilrth-Hls 

II  Ciiimilii — 
1  iiii'ii— All 


•         f 


400 


rnoy  lo  llio 

IlilN,  IIMll  ill* 

I    'rin'K<Mul 
Icrolsiu— Do 

.  410 


F;vn. 

Ic  nn'houf'n 
'ii(|uiiiM  iiivit- 
n  clilcf-De 
iif  eutl— His 


429 


^STII  <i:VTrRY. 

-I'crscciiliitn 
inr  ('iliu'iitii)U 
•  at  F)i)imy— 
llicr  Wliilc'8 
l)roft'ssor  in 

.  481 


(lil  from  tho 
'nolc— "The 
t  storm— Tho 
I  and  Fullicr 
midint— Tho 
!icw  (lunger — 
Mutalina  and 


'.VfA 


XV 


lU  Willi  mi'n— The  "Ciirlmnru"— MonticrriU  t»tnl  ll>  "Exlli«nf  Kriii" 
— ('idiric-y  ui  SI  tlirimt<»|ilu-r'»-.A  Miil|ihuri»u»  nmuntiiln— Tla>  tucutt 
true— Ni'uriiig  lliu  iruJ 4^5 

CIIAITKH  III. 
TIIK  I  ItoWMSd    t.Allitiis   AMI    AHVKMIHKH    (»r    A    ninniofn  tAiiKKii, 

IUrc|iilMn  of  ihi'  Ciiiholji'  I'llirrltiiH  In  VlrKlnlii-(liinii|Mul<.-  Hiiy-Tlio 
I'l.lKiniii'  -Ariiiiil  Niiilvi*— Tukliiir  |"i<<m -kIoii  nt  .Mar>iiunl~-A  i  riwH  In 
till'  wil<liriir-«~Kiitt  IniiTvli'W  wiili  an  !ii<liiin  Cliiif  -Kiiilnr  Alilium 
pri'iuliis- St.  Miiiy'><--A|ii"'iiranfi',  nuinn'rx,  huliii-..  wcaimnH,  am! 
ri'lldinn  of  ihi- Miiryliiml  In(lliins~S<i||  unl  icilinaU  of  tin- coiiniry  — 
Mfulon  liilMtrM—Hlllliullli'x— CiMivi-rxliiiiK -llclliiloii  rii«n»i  anniiiKlliu 
(  o'  .nUm-.|liiy|ni{  i,ir  Cuilii.llr  Sliivr» -K,iihir  Uhili'  at  Kiilaina- 
(linmli -Wliiil  u  rill  kliii;  wuh— Tin-  Apn^iU'  ,>(  Marylami  <<iiiviri» 
<'lillHin:iii.n  -Ci  ii'iniiny  iif  tin-  chlffn  l»aptli.in -lllni  •.•<  iif  FutlitT 
Whllo  -A  F.iniliie--A  Mhiu'iilitr  ini'lilihl  -I'liniHJinii'ni  uf  u  liiiiksjldir— 
A  N'l'W  Kiulitiiili-riiml  his  liii{i»lry  — Inilhni  trilti"«tiinvt.||iil  ulunK  lliu 
I'i'liiniac— An  Imllaii  war-II.iw  llic  .IimuIih  nimli!  a  nil»<iiinury 
Ji'inni'v-A  niiiJuli-Tli<'rl(.iMl-.(if  nil-r>irtiinc  irallifr-Knd  of  rmlior 
\Vhl(i'»  liibiirit— U  (tint to  Knjriund— IIIh  hut  ycur«— Dt-ath  and  thiiruc- 


tilt 


44a 


MOTIIKU  MAItV  OK   ril|.;  IN'CAUXATION. 
CIIAITKR  I. 

A    TEAn-AMi-SMII,|.:    lIlAIMKIt    op    riKR. 

MiiryV  imnnts  and  iducalion-Marrlaei— llir  murricd  llfr  not  Imppy— 
Dcuth  of  her  hUHlund— I'ropliilU;  wordH-llicoiiiiM  „m  irsniini'  niin- 
llir  liusjni'xx  taliiits— A  invMirioiis  lirrain-Mtiilaiiu-  i\v  hi  I'lltrii'  -Tho 
Niiiu'iilar  ricoirniiion-Kinhiiikiii^  f„r  Canadii-On  the  octttu-lp  thu 
Ht.   Liiwrcncu— lUci'piion  at  Qucltcc 473 

CIIAITKII  IF. 

MnriiKn  maiiy  ok  tiik  im  aunation  an'h  urn  nnis, 

Lcarnini:  the  Indian  lanu'naifcs-Th.'  tilth,  ronvnit  and  acmhiny--Sinal|. 
t-ox-Convcnl  lifi— I)imnilti,.s_Tlii.  I,nli,m  l-IiI  as  a  n.nv.nl  pupil- 
Koini-  r-xampli's-Tcica,  tlii>  Huron  uiii-Ilir  hllir  to  Molhrr  Mary  on 
purtinj,'  from  her  couvcut  hoini'-Sonic  short  and  nharp  ri;tlecth.Ub. 

CIIAPTKII  III. 

A    IKIIY    IIKIIOINK    TO    im:    T.AST    OASr. 

A  nrw  convent  rnTtPd-I'upils-r,,.|(,.r>.  of  Molher  Miiry-What  n  pnn  of 
coals  did-The  flri-  Mend-Mother  Mary  surrounded  hy  tIanies-H,.r  es- 
capc-Another  convent  raised  np-The  educational  proirrainme  of  tho 
time-Mother  :\riiry  and  Lcr  novices-The  illustrious  womau-s  uccom- 
plisliuifiits-IIcrdt'Utli ^ 


483 


f 


mttmmmmmm0t^im 


f , 

1 

f  ^ 

I  ; 


n 


xvl 


toyTKxrs. 


r*iii 


MIHM  .FANK  MANt'K. 
t!!APr!:U  I. 

RAHIV    VK.VRit   OK   Ol'M    IIHK«)I?<K. 

|}|rlhnn<l  fiimlly-ll»T  •li»U'il"r  •Ii1I.IIi...h1- ll.r  .liurnilut  pl«»y-A  n-. 

„„uk.l.l.'     Son.llcll-  IliT     IM.hf.  "or  .     ..|.|...,|||..||-  Til.'  I»u.l..«     .!.• 

UullU.»-l)«  k  Uauvi'r«Uri!-l''liiully  «U  l.  iiiilu«  to  go  to  M.-iunul     m 

lllAriKIl  II 

TIIU  TOWM   UK   MMtV. 

M.mlrnil-r)iMiv.'r«lfrr-TlH'A^lu'Ollrr-AvlM.m-TlH.*li.L'ularlntc.rUcw 
Uivvr.ii  ini.riuul  |l.iuv.i«M-r.-A  (rinil  .l««lmi  umiii.u-.  ►Im|..— 1  Iio 
,„..„i..r,.I.I.M..n.mony..l  Noirr  Duiih- r..lh..lml  -<il..i...  m  il.r  |.l.m- 
Mul-.-iimMVi-^MU".  Mull..'  «iilU  In  Hi.-  i\|..«llll"i>  f-r  CiiimhIii-Ai  qw- 
i„.,— I  iMli.St.  Luwr.'ii.'. -Anlviilat  llu-  «li«' "f  MoiiIm-*!- Tli.'  luii.l- 
lii;(-Tli.!  llMl  ulli»r-.M.iM-Falhir  Vlnioiifi.  u.l<lrui.»-Tho  blrlh-iilulit 

..«    \l..ii>r>.iil  ....•■•••'■ 


of  Mniiuiul. 


4oe 


CIIAITKU  III. 
Till'  I'loNK.mi  iinKoiNi^;  tt^■  montkkai.. 

U.rn  y.urV  work-OlUTH  r-mMrk-  I'l.  niy  uf  l.n^|.ltul  «n,k~  1  .-    all 

ll.!.  n..uru.....U-Tlu.  ...iMUul un-Mml Hulll.-n-    Mmr- 

urn-  of  llii..'  lluHplli.l  N.""'  f-.r  C.tm.lu     Tl.r  ..v.  ,v  NuyaK.-  -A    Mon- 
.n-al-S ulT.rin«H  of  the  »u.,.-Th..  Ir..,-.oU-A  ,.n,  ..IHur.-  A  ...nutl-  ^ 
(ul  «k'UtU     ,        ►        •        •        I ;_ 

FATiTKii  .TAMKs  MAU(2ri:rn:,  S..I. 

(  IIAITKU  I. 

A    MOTIIKU'S    ITA.IIlN.i    AM.    ITH    KHSfl.M. 
n,r.l.-rann.s-Fan.ily-i:a.ly  ...lu.a.l.m-  K-m-rH  .1...  HoH.ly  of  J.m,»- 

S,;;;;!  S...    .Ma,l..--n..a,.  .;f  ...•  Mi..l.>.pi.l  Un  .he  .l.:.l  U.nu-N«..ou«  ^^^ 

t'viiils— Tbo  urrlvul  ut  .loHi'i 

CIIAPTKK  ir. 

UnW   TIIK    MlssrsslI-IM    WAS    LlsroVKnEP. 

the  Arkunsiis-Thu  rilurii *        * 

ClIArTKIl  III. 

THE   SrilI.IMK    KM.    Ol'    A    l.KAlTlKri.    MFK. 

Father  Maniucltc  buUlin,  with  .U.caso-A  u«w  mUiou-TUc  Journey 


ty— A   If. 

irlioK     *lo 

Moiilrcitl.    (1)3 


rliitiivlcw 

hitjir      'I'lllt 

till'  |»liin  — 
II- Al  (iiif. 

■Till'  llHItl 

hIrtli-iiiKlit 


408 


nct.'i.  MVi-n- 
k-  'I'll''  fall 
y  with  Mar- 
lon- |)i  pur- 
;i>— At  Moil- 
'—  A  lii'ttult- 


S04 


]. 


I y  of  Ji  sun— 
>t  Cliiiri'li  lit 
liic— Viiiiini* 

.  Oil 


tntcriniK   tlio 
u--llulliii!,'  at 


S16 


FK. 

•  The  journey 


io.\rn.\Ts. 


xvH 

fAIlN 


0Mfg  T.nko  MlrhlgBn-Atthn  »lii'  .if  Clilni^jit-Am.mu  iIh  |{ii«kiii>kh« 
«.|(.'iu>>i  >•'  t|i<' •liiia.i'  (III  till'  \Mi\  \<>  Mm  klliiiM- -llx'  lii>l  ili»)»  (>r 
tliugfi'iit  iitiMimmry— rill'  iHuuilfiilrml  -IIU fititii' uimI  tliuritijU'r         .  SiM 

llollKUr  I  AVKMKIt  UK  l\  MAU.K. 
(  IIAI'IKU  I. 

vol  TII»'UI.    IHSXII'H   AMI*   VAPtT   l»»:»*IOX*. 

Illrtii,  fiuiilly,  mill  I'lliiiiiiii.n  of  r,ii  Hiill<'-»«i"' •  to  t'liiiu'lu- r*i'tttM  near  ^ 

M'liilrnir  -IImvv  null'  wn'.  kiinwti  i»f  Nnrlli  Aiiniltii  iln  n— Vii-Im  Inim  x 
or  Im  HuIIi— DUcovor*  tliu  Ohio— Al  i'ufi  K1..11I1  n.u  -  iK'Vi  l..|.|ii); 
lliMiiiflii^-PrlvlU'Kf*  Mriiul''!  ''>  Hu'  KIriK  of  ^■|llml'-  V  llllmimu  ut 
Fori  rnmlcmic "'''* 

(  IIAITKU  II. 

TII.WKIt.INil   TIIK  TIIOHW     IIOAK    ol'    lil'i  n\  I  IIV,    Tl  IIII  ,  AMVKNTl'BK. 

(Ir.'tit  |»n'|ianil.oiis-I»,ii|.llliit{  oil  ilo'  SI  liiuiiiu'i'  Tli*' lli>«l  \vrlll<ii  ilc- 
wripllou  of  Nlai{»nt-Shl|)  I.ulhlliiK  -l-aMiicli  of  ilii'  "Uillllii"  Tho 
rtr-*!  voyiiitiMi|itlii'  r.aki"t-Forl  Crj'vi'i'U'nr— A  ilri'iulftil  Joiinii'y  of  ovir 
I, ','0  1  iiilli'i-NotlihiK  but  ilhii't.'r -Ui'iiii-iilmr  to  li!lii..is  A  uliiiHily 
ici'iii'  Mniv  forcil  rovliitf,  uml  i)w.lilnu  iIhoiihIi  the  nmowm  of  liMliiiiiii 
— Al  I'Virt  Mliiiiil-A  I'oiiiii'll— Filial  |in'|mriilloiis  fm  llir  illHcovcry  of 
t'lc   muiiili   of    llio   Mi^tWilitpi    .  .....        •  Ml 

(  IIASTKU  III. 
Tin;  MoiTii  Ol"  Till':  missishiiti  niHt'ovKHKi*. 
Till'  I'xpcilllloii  down  till-  Fulhir  of  WuU-r*— "  tin-  n'ii  !  TIm'mch  !  tlio  open 
NVii  I"— T;iUlm{  foniiiil  po»Hcs>loii  of  the  Mi*:«l>nippl  Vallfy  for  Fiaiiro 
—AtlcMipN  III  I'ojoiii/.iiiioti  — Dlllli'iillics— Waiiilcrinu*— Till'  la»l  iriiu'ic 
Joiirnfy  towunls  Hut  norlli— TiuilorK  in  llif  camp— Fnilur  Doiiuy's  ih<. 
count  of  Lii  SiIIc'm  iiisiixslimiloii  — HJM  clmnulcr  iis  ilcplrtid  liy  Hcvt'iul 
UUtingiiiilii'il  writers "•'54 

VKXKUAULK   MAK(JAUITK  Il()rK(;K()IS. 
{  IIAI'TKU  r. 

IIUKIHT    YDlVd    YKAHS. 
Her  liirtli,   anil  parents  — .V   who,     promlsmi;   litHo  jrlrl— Dcalli   of  Ikt 
niotlii'r— Im  placcil  ov.r  Iht    f,it|„.i\   IiouboIioUI— Tlio   vi«loa  ot  tlio 
cliurcU  of   Nolio  Dame— A  ilmnL'i'  of  life 50.1 

CIIAITKR  II. 

A    NKW    ANI>    Iir.ItoiC    rARKKn. 
Fnthor  .Tanilrct— Lofty  virtue-  Purity  of  miml   nnd  lienrt— Tlie  vo\r— 
M(ir£;iirite  wishes  to  be  a  Xun— Th  refused  ndmlttiinee— A  new  Order— 
A  loss  that  U  a  Rain— Ilcr  fathcr'.s  death— Protects  luuoccncc— A  dream 


^.^sjastMtmmmmmmu^-^'- 


xvm 


CVyThWTS. 


r 


■•AllB 


— (lov.  De  Maisoiiiicuvu— DilUcultii's  come  »uil  viiuisU— Tht-  heroiuc 
goi's  to  C'umulu  •        •        .        •        •        .        «        •        »        •        •  •'*^" 

ClIAI'TFU  III. 

CANADIAN     l.lli;    T\Vt>    <  KNIT  H  IKS    ACO. 

SistiT  HourKcois  ariivcs  in  (.'unudii— A  howlin;:  \vil(liiiii'.ss--i;xtn'm('  rli- 
iiiati'— 'riiu  St.  LawiciicL— "  I-o  I  the  iiixif  Indian"— IIow  tlic  rt'tl  man 
liveil,  lUDViil,  and  liail  Ills  liiing— Canadian  tnWMs  id' Uic  scvinlci  nlli 
CL'iitury— Mi'ninal  a  dn  ary  finest— Mass  in  a  tent— si-nr  I'Miuiiriids 
tiwiiL's  tlie  litllu  Imiian  gnis— Makes  lici'sflf  all  lo  all,  'lial  slir  niitOit 
j,'ain  all  to  Clirisl— A  new  idi'a— The  voyage  lo  J''raii(,c  —  lis  success— 
'riic'sLip  "  !St. -Vudrc"— Again  in  N'illeMariu '>*•'• 

CilAl'TKli  IV. 

Tin:  I'lH^T  i!i:i.i<ii<iis  oi!i>i:i!  ini\iii:i>  in  amlimca. 
Anliistoricslahle— Maigaiile  »o>:.gcois  founds  llic  Sislcis  of  llic  C'onirrc 
gallon  dc  N.iire  Uanic— He.  sec<jnd  Hi])  to  Kur(>iic-"!M  iMid-  a  Chapel 
in  lioniirof  ihc  Most  Illesed  \  irgin— Lahois  ui  1  growth  of  lici  coninMi- 
uity—Iisiwochicfol, eels— Dress  of  the  Sislen—iiualilics  which  a  Sis- 
ter'shotdd  posse  s— They  receive  their  rule  fit  ni  Misln^p  >'l.  Valier— 
The    couvenl    destroyed— Four    years    of    menial    agony— i'eace    .f 

soul     .         .         . • 

ClIAPTKJl  V, 

TIIK    SINSKT    OK    A    UKAVTI  1  I  f.    II IK. 
The  virlnes  of  Mother  lUnirgeois— Mev  (  harily— (iives  iway  Ikt  hcd— In- 
stilut'js  missions  for  women  -Schools  for  country  childrc';— Walks  ISO 
miles  inwiiiUr— n.M-  hemility—roverly  of  M)iril— Miraculous   f.ivor.i 
—The  last  sublime  act  of  life-ller  (!eiith-her  eharacler. 


rm 


m 


LOriS  JOSKIMI   J)E  ^lONTCAUr. 
ClIAiTKH  r. 
A  Fmcx'^n  rim.(  soriiKi!  <>\  iitANfK  is  am'    i  a. 
TlK^fa.nilv   youth,  eilueation,   nml  early  career  of  MonU           The  dread- 
ful ehaVge  at  Ihe  pass  of  Exil!es-A  glance  at  the  Mar-      "f"  '^f  "'Willis 
iuCauadaut  the  time  of  Montcalm's  arrival 

CilAI'TKR  11. 

MONTCAl.M    IX    AMERICA. 

At  Qucbec-The  chief  Strongh.dds-  The  Indians  as  allies-MontcMm 
crcntlvlovedbvthe(.v.skv  chiefsand  warriors-At  Fort  Frontenao--  1  ho 
8tormin.M,f  f)swego-Thc  capture  of  Fort  William  nenry-l- amine- 
The  battle  of  Ticonderoga-arcat  foresight  of  Monlcalm-Tl  :  hat  tie  of 
fhePlainsof  Abraham  at  Q„cbec-Wolfc'--  victory-Montcaln^  mortally 
wounded-IIis  last  hours-llis  dealh-IIU  personal  appearance 


rm 


COS 


I' 

t. 


V- 


i'AiiK 


111'  licroiue 


:,m 


xtrcnu'  cli- 
10  rt'tl  iiiiin 

■cvclltct  lllll 

liiiiimcdis 

sill'  nii'.'Jit 

■<  siicri'ss — 


lilCA. 

ilic  C'onirrt' 
li-  ■!  (Iiiipcl 
lici'  I'liniiiMi' 
vliicli  a  Sis- 
St.  Viilii'i  — 
-- ir;u(.'    1  . 


.181 


icr  Iv'il — III- 
-Wi.lks  IHO 


■'•87 


I    A. 

Tin;  dread- 
lie  'jf  uiriiiis 


.195 


— 5Iontr!i!ra 
itcniio-'riie 
— Fr.iniiu' — 
n  ;liiit.l(;of 
iliii  mortally 
rancc  -  t'OS 


coyrhWTs.  Ttix 

COMMODOltK  JOHN   llAiniY. 
ClIAITEli  I. 

IIATTM.NO    I'dll    lliKKKOM    OX    Till:    OCKAX. 

PAIIB 

Harry's  hirth-plucc  in  Ireland— Ilis  lovn  of  the  ocean— neeonien  n  sailor — 
.Meels  \Vashiin;toii— 'I'lie  UevdliiliDii— iiariy's  liold,  eiitirpri-iinu:  spirit — 
Iv|uippiiiL^  a  tlei'l  — 'I'iie  "  ."^(ars  and  Stripes  "  linisted — 'i'lie  lirst  Captiiro 
— Fi/^htiii!,' oil  ilie  Di'laware — Lonl  Howe  tries  to  Irilte  Harry — Harry's 
nolili;  answer — Fightiiij;  with  little  lioats  and  irainini;-  a  hrilliaiit  vic- 
tory      01.3 

cnAi'TKii  ir. 

AVARIilSti    STII.r,    ON    Tin:    OtKAV. 

Barry  rrreivos  rommand  of  llie  "  Hali  iirli  "— A  contest  with  two  Hrilish 
ships — Takes  coniniaiid  nf  ihe  fri!,'ate  "  Allianee" — Another  shari)  eon- 
test — The  Coniniodore  l)adly  wnunded — KiKoiinter  with  a  lirilish  tipiad- 
ron— Harry's  nienioiable  reply,  when   hailed   liy  the   i-ipiadrou.  .  Oil 

CIlAl'TElt  III. 

I'Anillt  I.   TO   TIIK    KM). 

Diillciilties  in  ercalinii  our  tir-t  navy— Aehievemciits  of  the  navy— Harry 
continues  at  the  head  ^if  the  service— The  fri':;ilc  •■  liiitcd  Stales"  chas- 
tidni!  the  French — Harry's  devoti(jn  to  liiseoii  iiiry — His  death — Appear- 
ance and  character did 


MOST  REVKRKNl)  .lOlIN  CAHItOLL,   D.D.,  L1..D. 
C'lIAlTEIl  I. 

FIRST    YKARS    OK    OIU    FIltST     AKCTIIIISIIOP. 

Hirth  -Parents— Ancestors— Kdiieation  and  the  Penal  Laws— Hohemia 
Manor— •Voiini:  Carroll  sent  to  Euroiu— Filters  the  Society  of  .lesns— 
Is  -n-daintid— Suppression  of  the  Sociity- Sketch  in  a  note— Father 
Ca.roll  goes  to  Fngland (jaS 

C'lIAPTEIl  II. 

ni'RtX(i    TlIK     RKVOMTION. 

England  and  lier  ool>)nies— Father  Carroll  sails  for  America— "  Home, 
sweet  home"- Changes— Hcsidcs  with  his  mother  at  liock  Creek— Con- 
gross  invites  Father  Carroll  to  go  to  Canada— The  journey— Hesnit  of 
the  mission— Franklin  and  Father  Carroll— Homeward— Prajing  for 
the  cause  of  freedom— Controversy  with  Mharton  .         .         .         .040 

CHAPTER  III. 

FATIIKR    (ARROM,    AM)    OlU    KARI.A'    CTURril. 

State  of  ecclesiastical  jurisdiction  before  the  Revolution- What  tlie  clergy 
of  JIaryland  and  Pennsylvauia  did—Father  Carroll  appointed  Prefect 


■iiiriii  '-I 


-IS. 


.  i 


XX 


(■<L\Th'\r.'>. 


v.\nr. 


,\poM(.lir— Dr.   Fnnklin--Wii>liiiiirl  m   ni  Mixs-Pr.  fiirrnirs  liiliois 

—  Ai.iK.iiiUil  lll>l  l>i>li"|">f   ISiililniori— Shili-l'us  of  Ciiiliiilitilv  .         .   M' 

(  llAl'TKIl  IV. 

IM.ANTlNii    Tin:    «  KOSS. 

The  Cluinli  of  Ilic  riiitcd  Sliilcs  iiikI  its  cmiIv  I  oiiIiIps— Ilishop  f'rtiroll  di- 
rccliiii;  llif  pi.MUi  r>  <>l  the  I'nilli— (icoiiidown  ColU  l'c  fnumlcd— Tlif 
1lr>t  Synod  ut  lJ;dliiiiiir«— Vi>iliii''-  Il(.>l(iii— I'riisis  licnii  I'imiki'—  '  K\- 
llfs  dl"  Klin"— r.alliiniiro  liccDiucs  a  mi'lri>pi>lilMii  sc( — Four  niw  I!i>li- 
Ks— Till' diiilli  of  Arclilii-iliop  Ciirroll WIJ 


«'l 


MOTUKR  KI.l/AllKTII  ANN  SKTON. 

(  IIAPTKH  I. 

i;ai:i,v   ykaks  oi-  on:  iikimuxk. 

lliitli— I'urrnt*— Kdnciilion-ltcli-ion— I'crsoiiiil  iipi'i'iiriincc— Murrin.iiC— 
Spirit  or  piilj— As  u  iuoIIk  r— HtMili  cf  Dr.  l''!OU'y       .         .         .         • 

CIIADTKH   II. 

Tin:    VOVAC.K     \t>    ITALY. 

Mr  S.'ton's  licalth  declines— A  sea  voyaiTf  |>r(.poscd-Tlic  voyaw— .M  T.pg- 
i„„n-l'.n  i-i.-turcs-"  Door  Willianr-Dcatl.  of  Mr,  S,■t...l--^^,^v  sl.o 
wa-^  nH)>l  Idn.llv  trcalc'd  h\  the  Messrs.  Filicclii-At  mass-Scraps  from 


U.V.» 


Idlers. 


.   GGO 


CUArTKll  III. 


sr.KKIMl    TIIK    TIMTIl. 

Mrs  S,ton  returns  to  Atm.ri.a-Mr.  A.  Filieeld-Iiev.  .T.  11.  Hobart- 
Menl.l  A...nv-Fatl.erde  (■l„.verns-Li.l.t  al  last-Mrs  Selon.nters 
lh,>  (luurl.  of  A-es-Is  baptized  in  ol.l  SI.  I'eter's-ller  fir.-t  confe.ssion 
and  I'oiiimiinion.  ..•••••'*■ 

CHAPTKK  IV. 

ON    TIIK    WAV    <tl-     (IlItKIIAN     l'Ki:ri-(  TinV. 
p,,.„,,_F:,ll„.r  Clievrru  — rili<'el.i-Mrs.  Seton  opens  a  boanlin-lionsc- 
D  eonlirnud  l.v  IJiM.op  (•  .rroll-AnoUier  Convert-lVrseeuIUM.v-Dev. 
\V    V    Dubonr-  and  bis  plans-Mrs.  Seton  -oes  lo  Uallimore- I.d.erai- 
i,y  oftiie  Filie.Iu  brollurs-  Mr.  roopei-Tl.e  ••  Sisters  of  St.  Joseph    ^^ 

— Al  IJiimittsbiiri;— SI  .loMpbs  Valley 

ClIAlTKli  V. 


c:9 


.  GOO 


TIIK     VKW     liKI.ItildfS    SdCIKTY. 

ler  Selon's  daiit'liler  Anna— Der 
jj  ((..„s-Tbe  Lnowinvr  comnuinil; 
tcaclicr— Ikr  eldest  sou-Mr.  1'.  Filicehi's  death. 


Uules  adopted-Molber  Selon's  damrbler  Aiina-Der  many  virttiP.^-ITcr 
deatb-A  MolbeFs  lears-Tbe  -rowinvr  comnuinily-Mother  Setou  as  a 


roi 


1,4 


v.\ur. 
iiv.         .  Ml 


'ttiToll  (li- 
lid-Tho 
•i—  F.x- 
u  w  nihil- 

.  0')3 


Iiiirinsc — 
.        .050 


— Al  Lfs- 
-IImw  she 
raps  froiu 

.   GGO 


II(.l);irt— 
Mdli  (  IllcfS 
(.•(illfi.'^f'inll 

.  G70 


lidiiv— Iti'V. 
(.-Libcriil- 
St.  Josiph" 

.   GOO 


irtucs— ITcr 
T  Sftou  as  a 


707 


coyn:.\Ts. 


( iiAiTKii  vr. 


XXI 


fKoss    A\I>   rl!o\v\.  pAdB 

iK'illli  of  Miiilicr  Sctoii's  y(iim,i:i'>(  (liiijililcr-  Kiillicr  nnilr— "  FjiIIkt  i.n 
l,iillici-  "— .Mollicr  Sitiiii's  luallli  Ixcoincs  rcchli — llir  imticiu'c -Ilrr 
last  iiujiiifias— llur  holy  (Icalli— Hi'i'  chariuli  r— Tlif  nsiiji-,  of  In  r  toil.  TIG 


(MAHLKS  CAHHOIJ.  OF  C'AKUOLI/roN. 

(  llAiTKU  I. 

A  (ii!i:.vr  man's  kaim.v  vkaus. 

The  rnrroll  fmnil}-— I'.iilli  imd  I'.diiciilion  ol  (  harlts  t  ainill  of  rarrolllon 
—  IIi'a<iivL'  o|ipo.siiioii  to  Kiiuli^li  i\  riiiiiiy— Mairiiiuc — As  a  l'ii|Milai' 
nilvocalt'— Ills  keen  iorusiglit  in  ngaid  to  llic  luvoliiiioii— Kcpcal  of  llii; 
laws  agaiul  t'atiiolii'.s.  ••■.....,  730 

(IIAITKII  ir. 

Tin;    VISIT    T<»    lANADA. 

Coni^rpss  appoints  three  eoninii>sinners  to  visit  Canada— Inst niclions — Tiu; 
eoinnii^slDncis  leave  New  VoiU  on  tla  ir  way  to  Canada--  lAlraets  lioni 
Canoll's  '■.louinal "— I  |)  the  Hudson— At  Alljany— Visiiiiiii'  the  Falls 
on  t!ie  Mohawk— Mooies  "  Lines"-— At  Montreal— Kxaininiiig  the  cou- 
(lii.ion  of  allaiis — ()u  the  waj  home— Failnie  uf  the  mission. 

(IIAITKII  III. 


734 


(;i.AV(i:s  AT  AN   11.1,1  sriMdfs  cAiii;!;!!. 

Patrinlic  liil)orsin  .Maiyl.'ind— Sii^nint;  the  iinnioiial  Deelaialion— Olinipsps 
(if  .Mr.  Carroll's  piihlie  life — Ilis  diaiaeur  as  a  pnlilie  inan~As  a 
Calliolie-"The  year  of  .luhiiee"  — Ueeeivinu-  the  united  honiaue  of  the 
country  — Mis  death— .\  pieluro  of  the  <  lo-ing  scene— ilis  favorite  hooks 
— llis  opinion  of  religio'i     .         .  .         •         .         ,         .         .         .  741 


RIGHT  RKVKRKNI)  SIMON'  (iAIJKIKL  r.Rl'TlO. 
CMAITKR  I. 

A    WISH    V(U   III     IV    -^vup    riMKS. 
iJirth  ti'hl  family— Death  of  Mr.  Hrute— .V  L'ood  mother— IJeeolleftions  of 
a  piomi  Confes.sor— The  first   prayer-hnok— First  Communion— Youmj 
ISnile  as  a  student— His  wide  ramre  of  studies— The  study  of  Miedieiiie— 
(Jradii  it<'s  with  the  highest  lionca's- Fnters  the  seminary — Is  raised  i. 
the  priesthood— Becomes  Professor— C.oes  to  America.         .  .   710 

CII.VPTKR  IT. 

A  r.RKAT  TF.A(i!i;i;  i\  Tin:  n"i:\v  wonrn. 
father  Brute  at  Baltimore— At  Emmittshmg— Note  on  ^It.  St.  ^Mary's 


i 


xxii 


coyTEM's. 


PAllR 


College-Trying  to  Icurn  English-Ill^  /-I  .n.l  lalmrs-MotluT  Srlon 
,hc.muunUiu-.lohulluslu«amlFallarnnilu-U.lUT8.         .        .         •     " 


fHAI'TKli  III. 

TOIl.lN.i    IN     rilK    WKrtTKUN    '.V11.I)|-.UM>'<- 

..  f,.»m  U..nu—  V  irttvut-Is  .■onMTn.t.d  llixl.'.p  of  Vinccnii.'H- 


UUil 


viilUfS-Ui-'  Ucalh  and  cliaraiur 


)9 


I'ATlIKll  DKMKTimS  AliUSTlNK  (JALMT/^IN. 
CllAl'TKli  I. 

A    I'lMNrK's    VolTll. 

nirthnn.lParcnts-K<U.ration-MotlM.a.ulSm-Youn^M!allh/;.nl.(omoH 

lucidculH  bdorc  clfparlius-On  the  \m'^h\.  hhw  ^a.    ... 

(ilAlTKll   II. 

TIIK    vol  N<i    l'IMN(  K-1'KIKST. 

First  .lays  in  Anu-rica-New  and  l.iglu'r  tl.ougl.ts-ln  ll>.>  s.nunary-Or- 
IS    o  .l.e  l'.i.  s,noo.l-  Fatlur  (ia,li..in  is  .  n>  on  a  sn.,u   ,r  n.^ 

V  ,  ri„i.,_stran.'.  .-vents-A.lan.  Livin-lon  an.l  Ins  tr.ml.l.^-  XM.M 
;;:u:;r.v;;yl^:;'iouH  v..ice--C'ar.ain    M.Gui.._Ualli..in  lonnds  a 

L'alliolic  colony 

CilArTKH   111. 

AX    AroSTI.K    AT    WOUK. 


7i( 


inter— 
-Anecdotes 


mO 


RIGHT  UKVKREND  JOHN  ENGLAND,  D.D. 
CHAPTER  I. 

TiiK  sriioni.-HOY  iiKroMKS  A  msiior. 


783 


coyrhwrs. 


xxiii 


J'Al.K 

•r  Stiiin 
tiiiaiy  lit 

.     .  m 


CCIlllCH — 

ii>  labors 


rziN. 


llllCCdllU'S 

Viiu  riiii— 


750 


71  i5 


iiiiuy— Cr- 

llir  llli^^il'l> 

I  founds  II 


rro 


riif  PriiKX' 
,(■  I.onl-A 
.iuiIsIk'It" 
Minli— lU'f 
li/.ir.  n^'  '» 
iiiii?!-iuni>iy 


77« 


I).  I). 


ml  riot  rriest 
kppoiutmtnt 


783 


(IIAI'TKU  ir. 

AN    lltlSII    AI'USTI.I:    IS     AMI-niCA.  p^,^, 

Stiilc  (if  tlic  new  illoccsi'— An  ii|Hisi,.lic  loilcr-Tlic  Hi^^lM.))  "  liarcfnoKMr' 
l)r  i;iii,'hinirH  visit  in  SiiVMnniiii--Al  An,L'n>la -Vigils  [.(.insi  (Jnivc 
— .Mrs,  'I'lioinson  — llis  lirst  oimii  air  m  riiuin  -At  Warrington— ( 'oinniliiii 
—A  cuiirso  of  IccMircs  at  CiiaricHlon— A  n.w  (  altcliisni— The  '•IJuok 
.Sufic'ly"— A  sugjiustivf  <iui)tatii>n  in  rclalicm  to  Wilniin^clon.        .         ,  787 

cnArrKuiii. 

(ir.A\<  i;h  an   an   iikuiuc  i.ti-i:. 

Dr.  i:ni,'liini!'.s  ffmnt  Punic  aii'l  wiirili— His  luvu  for  Use  L'nili'd  States— Tlio 

foiimliT  "f  till'  Ciilidlic  pii-s  ill  ihls  l!r|>nlili(-ll.,w  lie  travfllcil  -  1  Ii(< 

power  of  Fiiijicr  ONeiJls  lliile— I'reaeliinj:  on  n  Muinp  liy  the  wiiv- 

siile— A  pen  piulurL'— How  the  (;reat  ni>hop  punislie;!  ufo'uftitLii,  ili- 

'"■^■''  l""aclRT ,        .        ,  '     .  791 

CIIAITKII    IV. 

LAST    VKAIW    OK    "lIlK    Ndlll.l.ST    I.MiMAN    (i|-     |iri:M    AM,.'' 

Hi^liop  I':n-l;ui.|  and  lli^*  elassjeal  seliool -l{i-,.iry-His  elTorts  inrainst 
(lui'llini^-Preteliini:  in  Die  lull  of  tln'  Hoii^e  of  l!epre<.'ntiitives— 
HiseMdisive  inllnenee--nis  solieiliKie  for  all  — His  lioun(lle>s  ziul  — 
nr.  MnKlantl  anil   the  minister— •  M.,ys.   Uie   IJi^hops  stripped  to  jiis 

sliirt;'— Hisearo  of  llie  nei;i s-His  lieroisin  diiriiii;  llii-  ])lagiie— His 

lustdays— Seenes  at  his  death-lied— (Jlimees  lit  liis  eliiiraeier.   '     .         ,   70-j 

MOST  KKVKHKNI)  J()II\  lIl'cniKS,  i>|). 
CHAI'TKU  I. 

A    VOfMi   CAllluI.IC   IIICIJO. 

nirth-Parenls-Edneation-Kneelin-  l.ehin.l  a  liav  riek-Kini-rites  to 
the  I  niled  States-The  future  Arehlii>hop  toil!,,-  ,„  .,  ,la_v  ]al„„er  - 
Hiseolleve  eareer-Is  oniained-His  labors  in  the  vinevaid  of  the  Lord 
-His  patriotisiu-The  ilu-hes  and  Hreekenrid-e  ednlroversv-An 
unecdoic  about  the  appoinlini'nt  to  the  seeof  Cineinnali.  '  80* 

CirAPTKR  II. 

TtlK  VOlNii   Itlstlol"  of  M.w  VorjK. 

nr  Iluirhc.  .-.  -Mncs  Bishop  of  New  V„rk-Seene  m  his  eonseeralion- 
Moriny  tnne.s-Laylruste<d>ni-I!isho|,  Hiidies  .^aijs  for  Fnr..pe_Fs. 
tablishmenl  of  St.  John's  ("olh-e.  at  Fordham-Skei<  h  of  the  eolJeMe 
(note)-The  pid)lie  school  systoni-Hatiit  „f  lJisl,op  Himhe.s-IIis  irreut 
lullucuce  over  hi.s  flock.       .         .  o,^ 

CIIAITKIt  III. 

nATTLixr.  WITH  KNowNnTm\r;rs.\r, 

Friends  iu  PLiladulphia-Syinpathy  in  Xcw  York-The  Catholics-Dr. 


am 


I 


xxiv 


(■o\Ti:.\Ts. 


TM'K 


^     IIiiRlic".  nn.l  llio  Miiyor-Tlw    ISMiop'^  mrmoral.lr  l.tirr  1o  Mayor 
l?,iii)cr-lmmcn^<Mloltli.f  llMTliurch.'s-O.tiMTi-iiliniH.f  l)r.M<(lc.sUfy 

l)ivHi,.i.  ..f  111.-  .li.Kcsi— Catliollf  'liapli'lii'*  iiillu' iimiy-Tlu'  -.i^ll  ih  .)f 
(•lianiv-l'rcuchlMg  bi'foP-  (;<.iiKrcss-ProBrcsH  <if  Catliolic   K.lucalion 

— I'lilriullsin 

CHAITKH  IV. 

Till'.  IIIIST  AIICIIIIISMOI'  or  XKW    VOUK. 

Now  York  raisrd  lo  llic  rank  nf  a  m.ln.i'"li'i">.-'''— 'I"'"'  lini'iMMil.iK'ron- 
ccplion-Failm!:  lualll.-St.  I'alii.Us  CalluMlial  -Tl.r  Airhhi-lioi.  s 
,,,„.p,v-Tli.'  Ar.  Iil.i-li-'l«  an.l  I'ius  IX.-Tli.'  rivll  wiir-IIlH  inisH.ui  K. 
K,nnp..-S..inL.    of  his  last  a.ls-Tlic   inournf..!  ciul-IIis  jiiraliifss  ^^^^ 

suiniiu'd  up 

FATIIini  IM'yrKll  .lOlIN   I)K  SMKT,  S..I. 
(•IIAITKU  I. 

TIM".   YI'lNd    >MnS|(>N.\I!Y. 

nirtl.  and  crl.iratlon-Go..s  to  Aiurrica  aiul  .|olnH  the  Sorioty  of  .T..«us- 
II,.lp.  to  l.i.ild  a  univiTsily-An.on-  thr  Indians-  Tl..'  Klalli.ad  mission 
found.M'-nacU  lo  SI.  I.ouis-Tlir  .lilli.ulli.s  of  IIm'  Indian  ini..<slonary 
-A  system  of  missions  i-laniUMl-lIow  Faii.ci'  Do  Smrt  niiscl  money 
to  iK'lpon  the  woik  of  Clod ' 

(  IIAlTKll  II. 

TIIK    r.UK.VT  lU.AClv-ClOWV  AS    .nAri.AIN    ..KTUK  t  NITF.I.    STATKS  AUMY 
hlONT  AdAINST  TlIK  .MUKMONS. 

Our  r.ovrrnmont  nroL-ni/in-  Falli.T  IV  Smcfs  t'lral  inlluriK'.-  over  tlio 
Indiins-l.Wtcrof  I),-  Smct-Tlic  Monnons-Ai.i)oinl<'d  cliaplain  in 
rnii.d  States  Army-r.n  ,,i.„ir..s-'n,c  i,„iralo-S,...n..s  uH  d.all.-A 
ranivan  on  the  plaiiis-Sulnnissinn  of  Ilic  Monuon-s.     .         .         •         .  SW 

(IIAITKli  III. 

NKW  skJiits  and  SCKM'.H. 
At  tho  Isthmus  of  Panama-San  Fran.-isco-For  Vanrouvor-Tho  proat 
l,l,uUp.wn  amom:   th-  ln.iians-K.n..winK  a  tr-aly  of  ,  t.uH.-1-or..st 
scfnt^s-Falhur  Point's  ,.ross.s-I.ist..nin,u-  lo  l.nirs  and  wolvesat  night.  a.O 

(HAPrKIl  IV. 

Tin:  siNsicT  OF  i.irK. 
Tho  ratholio  Faith  and  the  Tndian-TlH.  Skal/.i  tril.P-Th.ir  virtucs-Tlirir 
counlrv-TlH'  toha.eo  i>lain-Th..   FlaU.ow  rivor-A.^ruulnirc-llo,,- 
cs,v-.\n..(doto  of  an  old  .hiff-A  young  warrior  and  h^sM'-^ 
lil.lo   Indian   .huivh-The   missionary   and   th-   Indians-Ol.l  (hie 
jli,,,„.l_ll,„u.rs  lo  Father  He  Sm.t  on  his  las,  visit  '"  l-:">-"P<;-y/'" 
nc(id..nt-D.'alh  of  Father  I)e  Smet-Thc  magnitude  of  his  work-    Ad  ^^^^ 
majorem  Dei  gloriam."        ..••••••• 


rAoR 


In   ^TuyoV 
tlcCloNkry 

Kiltu'iilU)!) 


8,M 


inliitcron- 

•rlilpi-lKip's 

nilssioii  til 

I  firi'iiliR'ss 


81J0 


■  of  .Tc«>i<!— 

I'lul  iiiissidii 

ini-<!*ioiiary 

Uvd  ludiiey 

STATKS  AltMY 

ICC  over  the 

dinplain  in 

i,f  (Iciilh— A 

.  843 


r— TliP  pro  at 
cicc— l•^)rc^t 
jlvcsutniglit.  850 


irt\ics— Tlic'ir 

■iiltiin — lldu- 

liis  liridc — A 

s-Olil  C'liicf 

',11  rope — A  sad 

is  work— "  All 

.  809 

PREFACE. 


It  is  now  tliron  Jinmlrod  and  ('l<,'l\ty-«ovon  yonrs  siiirc  Colinnlms 
flrxt  stcpiK'd  oil  the  sliuros  of  tlio  Nl-w  World.  Ilo  wn-<  tin-  piuiicr 
of  !i  l(.n.L,'  liiii!  of  C'atliolic  lloroos  uinl  Ili-roini's  noinr  of  whom  I 
liivvc  iUtcniptcd  toHkftch  in  tin-  piTsent  voluiiie.  It  woiil.l,  iii.lci'.J, 
d.i'  civsy  to  mid  to  my  list,  r.nf  tlu-  names  I  .i;ivc  .'ire  fci.ris.iitalivo. 
I  liavuaimud  to  l)e  just  in  Hcloctiny.  I  hiivi-  iliiitly  son.ulil  tlio^o 
whosi!,  lives  c'xliil)it  great  virtue,  lieroisni,  and  lofty  acliievtriieiits. 

Nor  nro  the  names  chosen  in  any  ^idrit  of  narrowness  tiilieras 
to  nationality  or  ].rofession.  Of  the  twenty-four  famous  peisonap's 
given,  four  were  Americans,  ten  were  French,  tliree  were  .Spanisli, 
three  were  Irisli,  ono  was  a  IJelgian,  one  u  Uussian,  (.ne  an  Italian, 
and  ono  a  native  of  England. 

Two  were  Arehbisliops,  two  Dishops,  five  Missionaries,  one  .i 
Parish  Priest,  one  an  Admiral,  two  Generals,  one  a  Comniodore, 
four  UeligioMs  Ladies,  four  Explorers,  one  a  Lady  who  iHioiiLCed  to 
no  Religious  Society,  ami  oiu"  a  Lawyer  and  Statesman— thus 
making  hi  all  ten  ecclesiastics,  four  religious,  and  ten  lay  persons. 

I  hope  tlio  work,  in  spite  of  many  short-comings,  will  l>e  found 
to  comhino  variety,  interest,  and  instruction.  The  Catholic  <lis- 
covercrs,  explorers,  and  missionaries  of  America  were  n\iii  unsur- 
passed in  all  that  constitutes  heroic  greatness.  The  perusal  of  their 
lives  cannot  fiiil  to  elevate  tho  mind,  and  give  a  licallhy  sumulus  to 
deeds  of  virtue. 

"Where'er  a  not)lc  (Iccdls  wroMirlit,   • 
Where'er  is  spDkcn  a  nulih!  thought, 
Oiir  hearts  in  irlad  suri>risc 
To  higher  levels  rise  " 

In  all  my  statements,  1  have  hil)ored  to  he  accurate.  1  have  made 
it  a  point  to  consult  tlic  host  authorities  availaMc,  and  of  ilu-e  I 
have  not  liesitatcd  to  make  a  free  use.  3fy  cliicf  sources  of  infor- 
mation are  isidicated  in  the  foot-notes  at  tlie  hegimiing  of  each  Life. 

I  take  great  pleasure  in  acknowledging  my  special  indebte  Iness 


irf-  -•-•— 


rilh'FACK. 


to  tlio  works  of  Krano'iH  IVirkiiiuii.  His  writin^H  nboiind  in  <'\r|iii»it(t 
flcciii's  hikI  toiirliiiii;  iianatixt'^^,  |iri>«ciitc<l  in  ii  Htyit'  nt  onct;  »<nr|i:iNM- 
ingly  ;;rii|iliir,  iii(inns(|iic,  un<l  ln-anlifiil.  TliiN,  toj^vtlur  willi  llm 
fad  that  Mr.  I'arkniaii  Wdcm  nut  Ixlong  tu  our  l''aitli,  niaki-s  Iiih 
tvNtiniony  ilonlily  valiialdt',  an  nil  ciuiiiit'iil  niul  iin|iiirliai  iiiitliority. 

l-'ur  kiinl  niiultsiis  rcndcicd  tluiiiij^  tlic  |iit|parati«iii  <f  iliin 
vuiiiiiu',  I  I'll  urn  my  wariii  tliaiikM  to  Mr.  Francis  rarkinan,  Mutton; 
Ht'V.  Fatlier  NValu-r  II.  Ilill.S.  .r.,of  tliuSt.  Louis  rnlvcrHity ;  .Mi^KrH. 
J.  I>.  Ij|>|iin(iiit  it  Co.,  I'liihitlcipliia  ;  Mi'msi-m.  (i.  I*.  I'litnain'H  .Sons, 
Ni'W  York  ;  Mr.  Lawrtiui'  KcIhk',  Niw  York  ;  .Mr.  Jaini'H  Slu-tiiy, 
\t'W  York  ;  Hv\.  .Maurici'  lliikiy,  nrooklyn,  L.  I.  ;  Ufv.  .Moilitr 
."<t.  (n'orj^i',  of  tlic  I'l-Hul'iiu  (oiivc'iit,  (iuf'ut'c ;  llov.  Sinter  St. 
.Inscpiiinc,  X'ilia  .Maria,  Monlrcai  ;  lluv.  Motlu-r  l.caliy  of  tlio 
lloii'l  Ditii,  Kint^ston,  Canada  ;  ami  IVtcr  .lorouiu  Curioii,  A.  M., 
M.  I).,  Flathiisli.L.  I. 

NVitli  tlit'sc  brii'f  ri'inarkx,  I  vonture  to  introduce  the  "Lives 
of  the  Catholic  Heroes  uiid  Heroines  of  Anieriea,"  to  tlie  reading 
public.  JuuN  O'Ka.nu  rtUuicvv. 

JJruukli/H,  L.  I.,  July  4th,  IWTO. 


Ill  «>Xqi|lHltO 
net!  Hiir|i;inH« 
II r  witli  tliu 

I,  nillkc^t    liJK 

tl  iiiitliurit y. 
ion  <r  iliJK 
iiiii,  ItoHtoii; 
itv;  .MrxKi'H, 
iiuiii'h  Soiih, 
iiU'H  Slu'fliy, 
Ivv.  Muthtr 
,'.  SiHtiT  .St. 
!i!iy  of  tlio 
nt'ii,  A.  M., 

the  •*  Lives 
the   i'e:uliii{| 


CONTENTS. 


Porllrrttliin. 
I'afacu  . 


rAiiR 

.    ;j 

S 


C'lIUISTOlMIKIt  COM'MIil'.S. 
(  IIAPTKK  I. 

FROM  IJ<K.\\rv  TO  MANMIoot). 

The  pnn'nls  nndhirlh  of  CoIiiihImis— School-iluys- Knrly  life  find  ndvcn- 
turcs— Apiitnruncc,  mannirsaiiil  ( ImiacUr— Miiriiiigi;.         .        .        .17 

CUAITKU  II. 

TIIR  STIirOor.KH  OKCiESIfii. 

Colunibiw  nnd  Alplionso  V.  —The  jriowili  of  n  pnat  iihn—Hnsis  of 
('(tluniliiis'  tlii'ory— l)r,  To^ciiiiilll  mimI  ('olmiilnis— liis  ililllciiliii's — 
Vi>rfls  hisimlivc  city  imd  his  Fiillu'i-  I'mtiimil  IiciiIh  liiin  meanly-  I  •••mil 
of  Ills  wife,  Jjiifiii  Kciipiia— Diicels  IiIn  slcps  lo  .'^paiii— Fallier  I'm /.and 
Duetnr  lleriiande/.— Tlie  Cmiveiit  of  I,ii  Italiichi-Coliiiiilnis  at  tlio 
Spanish  (NMirt—Fathcrde  Tiiiavura— Seeond  niarriam;  of  CoIiiiiiIhis— llis 
leili'.r  (o  Kiiii;  Ferdinand  — Interview  willi  the  Spanish  SuverelL'iis— Tiio 
Junlft  of  Salamanca— His  Dominican  Friends— The  Mooiisli  War- 
Ferdinand  and  Isaliclla— He  never  despairs  of  success— The  iail  of 
Gnmaila— lie  is  about  to  leave  Spain-  Tiie  turn  of  Fortuiu — Isnhellu  be- 
couieshispatron— The  terms  of  ajrreemenl— Final  preparatious     .        .    25 

niAI'TKR  III. 

THE  PATH  THAT  l,i:i)  TO  A   M'W  WOItl  p. 

Obstacles  in  the  way  of  preparation— Great  servie<s  of  Fatlii'r  Perez— 
The  Pin/.ons— The  three  vessels— Helii^ious  preparations— Scenes  iit  tiio 
departure — "The  Sea!  the  sea  !  the  open  sea  I"— Terror  proihieed   by 
n  volcano— Fears,  dangers,  and  ndvenliiies   of  the  voyaj;e— A  Xiw 
"World  foil         "cremony  of  taking  possession — Tlie  natives — Cuba  and 
IIayti—Roiu....,icincideul»— Shipwreck— The  erection  of  the  fortress  of 

La  Navidad — Adieu  to  America  ........    61 

vii 


m 


If 


WfTKXTH 
<  IIAI'TKU  IV. 

l|itMKW.\lil>  lUtCNII. 


rAfB 


A  tnmnt— Tlio  flr<f  lilootlnliml— mijrm*  on  lln'  wildly  waTo«— lKli(jlnuii 
v«t\vx— 'riiirii-l— '.iiimI— All  iiiwiiiri  (invirimr-"  llonu',  NWiot  honit'l" 
— Ot'iilui  lioijiirtil— I'n'piiruiliiiit  fit"  11  M'(t>ii(i  voyngc,        ,        .        .    H 

.  i.AI'TKU  v. 

run  Tfiivr.'-i.  M>vr"vrtiii;s,  ami  iikuoihm  iv  tiik  hkcomi  voyaok. 

Ni'w  (illli'iulit  mill  till-  lliiiil  prrpiirMtlnnK— A  Miijruliir  niWliikf— A  ixiwcifiil 
iiii'iiiyiif  <'oliiiiiliiiH— (Ml  tilt-  (H't'iiiiiitriilii— Ailvitiliitc  iii()uiiiliiliiii|it'— 
At  llltpiiiilulii  iiiiri' nmrr— A  sw\  tiilc  of  f,ii  Nun lilml  -'I'lic  inntrrtss  ot  iif 
fiilis  lit  MU|i:iniiiiii  -'I'lic  (liy  of  !»iiliillii-  'I'lic  Hnviil  I'liilii  -Ui'voliilioti 
iif  lii/.y  iiiMnli'iK'i'- I)il1li'iiltii"4  Willi  Fiitliir  lliiVl  — i'',\|i|niiitlniiiiiic|  Ailvi  n- 
liii'it— Slckiu'i'»"f  rnliiiiiliiH— Clmriulriiif  Dmi  IJiiriliiilniiicw  Vllhiiiy 
of  Miii'.nirltf  OJi'ilii  ami  ('iiiiiiiilMi-linllli!  (if  -JtMl  nniiU\M  1(M),0UU— 
CtUuuiuy— Diuz  auil  Lin  diixky  hriiU'— Tliv  Adiiilritl  «ulU  for  Hpulu .         .    03 

(•IIAPTKll  VI. 

A  YI;AR  in  SPAIN. 

Columtiiiimn  ft  moiik— Arllviiy  iif  hW  <n(inl(<<--()llicr  (Iininillli's — Inmci 
Fti'icr— Till'  Ailiiiiral  iliuw)*  up  liln  will  -  Delays,  and  i)icpaialiniis  for 
uuDllicr  V(iyiij,'e.  »        »        .        t        «        »        »        ♦        »        .  180 

(•IIAITKIl  VII. 

TtIK  TlllltH  AN'I)  Ffiinril  VOVAtiKH  TO  AAIKTlirA. 

CoInml)iH  imni-lilin;  in^nlcnci'  — ('los-^lii'.'  IIh-  stormy  dccaii  in  llic  nnmo  of 
the  Holy  Trinity-  ToMcliiw  the  iiiaiiilaiMl  of  Aiiirricii— At  l!i-*pMniola 
ajiaiii— tiucllliiif  tioiilili'x— Tliu  tllii  of  caliimiiy— Holtadllla  ami  liis  mis- 
Hjoii  -ColimilniM  «-ciit  liomc  in  <-liaiiis— (Ircal  S(  liciiicx— A  fomrli  voyacjo 
pliiiiiicil— (ioiiin  to  ilic  nlicf  of  a  fort— Colimiliiis  iiisiillcil  au'aiii  at  IIls- 
paniola— Awful  fate  of  a  llcrt  ('"iitaiiiiiit!  Iiis  inciiiy— Search  for  an 
linniriiiary  si  rait— S;iiliiiu'aloii!;  till' coast  of  Cciilral  America— Malt  li;  with 
a  water  sjiont— .V  vNion  — Airroiind  on  .Imiiaica— Mende/  and  his  adven- 
tures—Miiiiny  of  I'orras— The  threatened  famine— An  historical  celipso 
of  the  moon— A  siiiL'iilar  visit— A  llerco  tonllicl— Uilicf  conii'S— 
C'olumhus  reaches  Spain.         .        .  .        .        .        •  •        •  ^30 

CirAITEll  VIII. 

Tlti:  SKTTINii  SI  N  OKA  CI  (tlllOfrt  I.IFF. 
Poverty  and  old  aire  assail  Colnmlnis— Death  of  Isaliella  the  ('athnlic— Ex- 
tracts from  the  Admiral's  letter— The  (Ualh  lied  of  a  hero— Conllrming 
his  will  -Tliela-t  moinentsof  America's  Discoverer— His  many  toiubs- 
His  character — Miracles.  .■•.••• 


108 


^i 


rAOi 


llOllKl!" 


U 


VOYAUK. 

lllllll|H'— 
(■>••*  l»f  llf- 
Vollltllltl 

1  Ailvin- 

Villimy 

IKI.OOO— 

lll. 


1)5 


1 — Intnci 
ktioitii  fur 


m 


nnmo  of 
ixpiiiiiola 

liifl  mis- 
li  vnymjo 
ill  at  HLs- 
li  fcir  nil 
It  tic  with 
lis  ndvcn- 

III  cclipso 

coims — 


m 


->lir— Ex- 
inliniiiDg 
•  tombs— 


108 


Ar,ON/,o  !»!•:  nj^.riA. 
<  IIAPTKU  I. 
TIIK  v»rj«<»  lAVAiinii. 

Youfli  nf  Oj.Mii— Spnln  III  lltf  tlfiifidh  «<hhiiy  — A  rrrkli**  fitil— Dr* 
('ri|>ili)ii  or  iMir  liiin-A  riiniiiiiH  imiiitinu  AtUciiiiir)' in  (iiiiMliiliiii|iu 
—  r.xpltiiliitt  lli-|tiiiil<>lii— Sliuc  ipf  Koii  W  Tlni|iiiit -Tiikliiu  t'linimho 
pritiiiiiT— lliitllc  of  ihi' Uitviil  |'|iiln--0|ii|ii  ii'iiiruo  lit  H|iiilu,       »        ,  i;o 

ciiAi'TKu  ir. 

A<  luiSH  Till;  ,\ll,,\MU;  ,\\l»  llAi  tc. 

OJi'ilu  a*  n  nnvlirnlor  -  \mirli;'i  Vr*'piiiTl    |;\pi.(|iiii,n  <„  Sniiih  AnuTlrn 

•-A  Itiiiilf  \\iili  tiiiCuiiiiiltiiN  -r.\p|.in'i»  ilii'  ciNUt  nt  H<iiilli  Aimrim 

•"MiiUlu  iroiilild  lU  ni>(piinliil;i  U.  imns  to  Spiijn,        »        »,  »        »  Ut 

lll,>!'lKlt    III. 

urinnivi!  s(•K^•|.;^  A\n  akvuntiuih 
Aii'.lluT  oxprrlliioii  to  Sniiili  AnuTl.ii-Tr.vInu  •"  foim.l  n  r..|..nv  mi.l 
wJKii  (lime  of  ii-(>j.',|ii  iippoliit.il  (i.ivciniir  of  N.w  Amliilusiii— 'I'wii 
tl.itx-.li.liiHl,.  luCo-u-Aii  iixplilii'rIinvyir-Tlii'iMii  rival  (invrriii.ro— 
AtfiiiMiii  tlie  vim*l  (>f  Hoiiih  Aniciicii— IIhiIcm  niid  pol^.tml  urrowit— 
JX'atii  of  Ihcbiiivi;  ilu  III  t'dta— MiiaciiloiiM  israp,.  of  (iJMu.         .         .  104 

CIIAI'TKU    IV. 

ri.i»n>s  (i,vTiii:u  in  tiii;  suv  or  i.ikk, 

The    Tolony  of    !^an  S.'ltaMlan— A<lv.iitiiic«-()j,',ii,    « n.lcd-Viiyauo 

uiKlxliipwrcrk  — A  fiarfiil  iimnli  llin.iiu'li  lioir  .ihil  f..ri>i  -Tlir  plHiirij 
of  tliu  Holy  Virtfin-OJ.'ilui  oniiory-Aii.c.h.iL— Tliu  tinl  of  a  stirritiit 


life 


SO'J 


VASCO  NT^KZ  DK  li.M.jjoA. 
(IIAPTKU  I. 
KAin.Y  J.\]'\'.  A\n  At)Vi;\Ti-niN.  ' 

Hirth— Voyri-rc  to  America— nallma  ns  n  f irm..|~AH  an  nilycntiirrr— 
LawyiT  KikIso-Am  iiiirxpcci.  il  mc.tiii..'  A  (li-Msicr-  IJhIIm.h  iIm's  to 
proiniiifiiic-Niciiiwa  uml  hin  f;itc  -jlailKPa  at  the  liivul  of  alTaiiN— He 
Visits  II  ^'icat  cacLpn'—IIcaiN  of  th(>  Pacitlc  Owim— Convfrsions— 
rrfparalioiis— A  famous   doij  railed  I mico OflO 

(IIAPTKU  ir. 

TIIK  WHOOVKUV  OF  Till'.  I'Arinc  OCKAV. 

Final  preparatlons-Tlio  march  Iiesrins— nmieiiitieH—  A  n,iiile— Tlie  fli^t 
view  of  tliur;icinc(»ceaii— A(ldre--iaiid  Tliai'!;virivinu'--A  Cross  in  tlio 
wilderufss— Tukis  possfsbioii  of  tlic  rauillc— The  march  baek.         .     203 


cnsTF.ST^, 


i 


(  IIAITKU  ill. 

Aprrtnn»«of  Htf  illMuviry  «ni  u.  H|»alii--.V  «<  »  jfnv.fni.r-T»i.'  It-Pilloii 
ul  Diirl.n  Wikiu«--llii.l  »riiiiiiniii  i.f  ilii'  lrnltiin»-  l»i>M»"i  "•  ■•  Jil« 
voliT  I*  n|t|>'>l»<"l  l.ltuiiiturii  U'lViTii.r  l'f<|>i»riiil..ii«  logo  ID 
IH'ru-t'iirrjlHK  «lil|>»  iMr<i«  iIh'  moiiniiilii-  Ni »  tllfllMililt*  nml 
dnti|jrtr»--Tli«^rtr.l  Ki.r..|M.im  v.-mU  i>ii  Hi.'  I'u.(«i-  K..iir.li<|..r..tn|.l.l. 
«.t  iiikI  Mil  rciHly  ll.»n.o.»  «i..l.l.nly  nrn.ii.l-  IIU  lrl.il  «ml  "I'ju.l 
comUuiuiiilou-llw  »»««i*  •l«"'l' •'•»«' "'►•'^'•"^^''"         •        •        •        .888 

IIKUNANDO  (  oUTI\S. 

(  IIAI'TKIl   I. 
TllF  Toi'Til  «•*•  riiK  roNqi  Kiioit  nFMKXtrn. 

Birlt.  nn.t  r.u.M.iu«.-  ..f  (•..rli»-i:..rly  v...ir.-SulU  fur  .!..■  N.  w  Worl-I- 

Klr«ty..»r  in  Am.rl.M.-  N  npi'-lnLMl   to  'i""><'l   »"   '■x|)Hlillnii   ti> 

Mrxl.n  ^V.l.iv,.../  ,„Hir..rt.V-I)im...lil.Ha„.lll«..l  |.r.|Hmitl..i.H-Ap- 
piurauri- .111.1  iimnmrii  ..f  (•..rl.-..     I),  puiiui.  .if  Ut«  UvU-       •         •         -  '■" 

CIIAITKU    II. 
nr.Mysixo  or  ixw.  no.M,  that  i.ki.  t..  an  irNKN.»wM  KMrn.B. 

UcdcH,..  .» l.oly I..M.f..l...|.tlv.-.\  r.i.I..  n....|.tl-."  -TL-  "r-l  Imfl.'  «  ih 

tl...  In.ll.i..--TI...  m.,.,.„.^-IM.,...h.«  .1.0  I'ai.h  Pal...  S.....I..V  i..  a  ^^il.l 
ltt,..l  Awuv  f.-r  M..X1...-NVW  v|.lt..r»  ..t..l  ....•I.'"!"  "f  l..i.'rpr.  lail-.n. 
.  Ih.na  M..'ri..a^  M..n../.....n.  H..'  M-xl".'.  K...p.r.>.-.\..  Inl^rvkw  .....l 
llK  n»ulu-lmli»u  iMiii.iir-i-  A>i....i'l....<nt  of  il.«  McxIcuiiH. 

ciiAr'nii  111. 

The  SpaniHh  O.-nor..!  nn.l  th.-  M.'slru.  .,(11.  hiU-  •-.  at  pr.«.  ni.  "•;'";''"- 

(  ilAl'l-Kil  IV'. 

oLAvn-s  AT  rm:  mmxi.an  i.m.-mik  am>  tiik  spamhii  tamp. 
Ext.M..  ..f  .1.-  M..xl.an  K...plr.-A  «,irlik.i  p.-opU-T...-  pow...-f..l   nn.l 

u  U«y  M..n.,./......a-Ilis  ,h..Mi.y  I.,  a  .'r.at  ..rinis-A  Mran..-  .ra.l..... 

-Hopes  «n.l  f..a.w.,f  .l...Spani,mls-«in.«t  ..l.an...-TI..' litlU:--.  ^ 
tl..-  Tr.,e  (•r..s._A  .Iran... .l.-Hon-A  rih.Hi".. In  .I..' -'""l-N''^-  '«  '' 

1„  rrearcl  to  tl..-  Moxi.an  Kn.pir.-Now   p..1.J.cI«  for  fpaln-DcMrut- 
lion  I'f    lU'J   tUcl— Tbu  woik   of  c.nv.rsi.iU         .  ...... 

(lIArTKll  V. 

Tin:  MKM.mAHI.K  MAHCII  TO  MKXIf  O. 
Thclllllcnrmv  n,..vcs-Tr..v..ninBo„  a  ro,.,l.  ro...l-A.lv..ntMrr.  on  th« 
confluc..  of'TIuscalu-A  batllc-AuotlKr  bulllc,  .a  wh.d.  there  ^vul.  uo 


roxTh'yn, 


xl 


rAiir 


h«'  •iMmiton 

•It     rlMM^  lilt 

to  go    lo 

iiilil)«    nntl 

iiihI    tlMJtlnl 


m 


t  w  WorM— 
iriilioiiH-Ap- 


537 


VS   RMI'HtK. 

■hI  |)iktllrN\llll 
iliiy  III  a  ullil 
iti'ipn  liilliiiiit 
liilirxkw  iiiul 


940 


\%  to  Cort'"— 


powiTfiil  nntl 
•uii,u:<'  triidiliiiii 
c  Utile liiwii  nf 
up  — Nfw  liulit 
[uilii— Ikslruc- 

.  2.")6 


rnliirrs  on  the 
li  t  lie  re  \vu!i  uo 


aUtfrnntlvf  Jmt  «l«a«>i  or  virtory— IVAc^—TlMi  lin  tM^mmt*  *iilijrct  In 
Himiii  ,\l  CImiIiiIu,  ninl  whui  liii|i|ti unl  ilMri--1'liii  rtrsi  .1^1,1  „f  Hin 
«Mjr  uf  Mi'«U«)— Umuit  rti'i'|iil»ii  or  ili<  ^^imiiiartU  li)  Miiiiiv<uiiiA,        ,  Utti 

ciiArrKit  M. 

TIIR  NTOIIV  Ol'  TIIK  t  uM«i»  »;h|'  |iKIK»r.V  Titl  |». 
^m*  nuA  liit»rviiw«~-VI»ll  in  (Iik  (iniit  'niii|>lu— C'orK'n  111  n  iliinitiriiiiM 
•ml  ili'lliuii' piwHIoii  — A  hiilil  Mi'|i.  Iiitw  it  Hiio  (All  III! ij    iiijii'i  prii. 
jiM'it  — Moiiit'/iitiiii   Iii<i'iiiiii>i4   It   vikMiil  iif  ihi'  i^iHinloli   »<>si  nltfii.-  Ilo 

liivllf*  (.'iiriiW  Id  ri'liirii  I ic  ■  A  iiiw  iMii'my,  iiinl  Imw  (i.riti  i|U|iiim'tl 

iif  him  I  nwili'.iiiic  liiiilllui'iHi'- Till-  nvnU  iimtlii>>t  ilic  H|)iiiilitril>>— 
Wur  III  iIk'  iHy  of  Mi\liu-  l»..|H.r.ili'  llxlilliijf  nml  f.nfful  miim*— 
Diuitu'f  Miinii/mim— 'I'liii  •' niiriiiwfiij  tilirlii '  iiiiilniriiii  of  tlii>  S|mii- 
liinU  Oiiilii'  until  inTlii»iiilii--A  tfrtiil  liiiMli'—Aiimm:*!  frliiitUimiiiti-. 
r.irli'-i  n^iijvfi.  Ill  iiiki'  .Mi\l((."  «flMnii(i  iit  ilii>  JiKinrii'  uli'ifi— -Full  uf 
lUu  jfrcttl  CiplUl— Tliiuik»i(lviiiii--A  mw  I'liiplrc  fur  Spulu  .        ,        .374 

(•HAI'TKK  Vn. 

ArTIIU  lAIUIKU  iiK  IMI-:  loVtil  Ulliill  III-  mi:mii), 
UnppoliiH-il  IJovi-riiiirof  M.-xIcn-Tliti  new  ciipllul— Tin-  coiivcrnlipri  of 
III.'  liHliiiim— Arriviil  i.f  iwilvr  l'"niii.|«(iiii  Ml<»i..iii»rli «— Aillvjty  of 
(•orii"4— iK'npiTiilf  Joiiriiiy  lo  lloiii|iiriiv-(Mlmi,iiy— ('orii'i  p.iw  to 
Hpiilii—llU  ren-piiiui— llnnorH— Hctiiin  lo  Mexico— New  iliniriiliie!t 
iiiiij  eiiteriirUe-.— DUciivery  of  liilifoiiiju— To  spulii  omo  nioru— Tlio 
cuUufilcalU— Hi»|iii)U!»eiiil--(liiiriirler  of  (.orlc*,  ,        .        ,  3IKL 


ST.  uosK  or  i.r.MA. 

(  IIAI'IKU  [. 

Till;  •iiiiiiiiiMiii  IIK  amkiiua'h  iiimr  haivt. 
Hirlli  of  St.  Uosc- Mow  she  «o|  ilieiiuiiie  of  IJo».e~TiikeM  S|.  CiiilmriiUMif 
SI. mm  us  hor  moilel  — Her  vow  iil  live  year*  of  iijje— Her  heroje  oheill- 
eiici — Her    Mpiril    of    i»eiuiiiee— Hosc'h    devollon   tu    hn-   fuiher    anil 

iiuithrr .,,« 

.     oil 

CirAITKIl  IF.  . 

Or.ANCKH  AT  VlltTt  K  IN  ACTIOV. 

Miitrlmonliil  nnnoyiiiires— Hose  heci.inew  11  nuniliiT  of  ihc  Third  Order  of 
St.  !)<iiiilnie-Her  hiiiiiilliy-Her  elmrily  and  L'r.al  Hilf-iontrol-IIer 
woiid.'ifiil  piiriiy— Her  fuHts— How  xlie  ehaxiined  heiseif-Her  MiuKiihif 
bed -The  honor  puld  to  lier  even  by  irrational  crt'alurcs.         ,  ,    Uf 

CIIAPTKIl  III. 

AI.ON-OTIIK  KTIlAKillT  AMI  NAKKOW  WAY. 

Hoso's  spirit  of  prayt-i— Her  deep  iuaiglit  into  iho  mysteries  of  religion— A 


mmm 


XII 


coyTi:yTs. 


I'Atir. 


llcrlusl  sulTuriugs— Tlic  .nd. 

(.'IIATTKll   IV. 

M1U.\<I.I:H  AM>  lANnM/ATION. 

F-:aminatlon  of  ou.  Inwuln.!  un.l  oi.l.ty  ^.vsom-X  visit  '"/•'^^j^^J 
to     .-Wl.ut  u  i.hvsi.iiin  muv-Tlu.  visions  of  a  pious  l.ulj-Sinncis 
...  ,1     Tv,  n.rsonH   n.ist.'.  to  lif.-An  in<'un>l-lu  nrn.cnrrd-A 
;:::;•;;;;; l:;; J^r  i:^  i:>nnniU.-.V  ...i.a  ....l  ot  u  lc.>ros,^Can-  ^^^ 
ouizuUouof  ^t.  Uusf .        ♦ 


B 


SAMUEL  I)E  CllAMrLAIN. 
ClIAPTEH  T. 

OLAVCKS  AT  CCAMI'I.AIN's  KAUI.Y  CiUFVU. 

"  Ordrc  dc  IJou  Tfiupf*. '  • 

CHAlTEll  II. 

TIIErniXf'K  or  riONKKUS  IN'  TAXAPA. 

bound 

CIIAPTER  HI. 

now  A  PATinVAY  TO  nilNA  WAS  XOT  Fouxn. 

M,nTi,.,e  of  C'lmm,lain-Ilis  -;;-;;;;;;^  ^^  ,    H^.^  U.C  str'un- 
Du  Vignon  and  tlio  voyage  up  the  (  ttav^.l     \"""":       ,.  Falls-In 

Algonquin    fear    of    the     Iroquois- At    the     thaud.crc^   i^ali        ^ 

France.  

CIIAPTER  IV. 

RELIGION  IN  TIIK  WH.BERXKSS. 

Cbampluin  ns  a  missionary-The  first  priests  in  Canada-Mans  at  Quebec 


331 


341 


347 


irity— Hit 
veUUiou  — 


rACIB 


lip  Saint's 
y— Siniu'is 
1  cured — A 
irosy— Can- 


CllRISTOPlIHR  COLl'MIU'S, 

THE 
DISCOVKUKU  OF  AMKUICA  AM)  TIIK  (iHKATF.ST  OF  AD.MIHALS.' 


-Visit  1o  llic 
1(.  Clii'.stcs— 
i(,'s--Ar:ulia 
\ul)ry  lost  in 
iii-Tlu'  fust 
ndians— Tlic 


"The  Western  World  and  ilauntlcss  f'liicf  T  Miiir, 
AVIio  steered  liis  <•  lirse  -AJtli  liold  iidvenliiroiis  wiii^, 
TlMiiiii,di  iiiiln'(|iiented  seas  from   Pains'  shore, 
Where  pilot  guided  ne'er  his  helm  liefoie." — M'lun'x  Cnlnmhiiuf. 

"TTc  who  does  not  helieve  in  the  supernatural,  cannot  comprehend  Co- 
lumbus.—  t'oiiiit  (If  /.mi/'iiM. 

"Aujourd'hul  In  gruiule  tliciire  dc  ('lirislophe  Coloml)  s'eleve  nii-dessus  do 
fo\is  1(<  ili'iouvreurs  aneiens  et  inodernes;  il  sc  distiiiL'ue  d'enire  eux  Ions  par 
la  prof(Miileur  de  son  genie,  ]iar  la  lieaule  de  son  earaelere,  par  la  rraiiehjse  de 
Ba  foi  el  de  sa  i>icti',  el  par  la  rourouue  du  nndheur,  duut  I'ingrate  Espague  lui 
ceignil  le  front."— Jiic  Firlinal, 


hec— ITnw  he 
ie{ — A  woful 
ic  Iroquois — 
I— Ilomcwnrd 


341 


\ek  on  nn  Ivo- 
ll(nry  IV.— 
-The  impostor 
a  the  stream— 
;re    Falls— In 


347 


CHAPTER  I. 

FROM   IXFAN'CV   To   MAXIlOOl). 

T/io  parents  and  hirth  of  (^ohrnihHn — Sr/fO(tI(?af/.9 — Earhf 
life  and  adnndurcs — Appia ranee,  manners  and  ehar- 
a  etrr — Marrlaije. 

A  litrlo  less  tlitm  four  rojitni-iVs  and  a  lialf  a^o,  there 
lived  in  a  neat  house  in  the  suburbs  of  tlie  famous  city  of 
Cienoa,'  two  viituous  youn<?  i)ersons,  who,  in  tlie  (U'si^ns  of 
God,  were  to  be  the  parents  of  one  of  tlie  most  illustrious 

'Olilcf  aniliorifirs  iiHcil;  rninit  (Ic  I.il'^'Hcs,  "I.lfc  of  C'lirlstiiphcr  rolumlms."  tniiistati'd  by 
Dr.  Harry;  De l,(ii};m ■',  "  l/Anil)i:»Nii(lciir  dc  Dim  \<  ic  Piipc  I'ic  IX."  Do  Lorgiios,  "Satan  Pfjntro 
C'lirUtopliu  ("(iloml),  on  la  prctcndiic  chute  du  Hcrvltcur  dc  Dicii;"  Irving'.  "  I.lfc  and  VoyaircH 
of  (JhriKlophcr  Coliinilins;  "  Fallicr  Kniu'lit.  S.  .1.,  "  Life  of  Cliristopln'r  Colnnilms;  "  Sir  Anhur 
Helps,  "  Life  of  ('llri^tophcr  CoUimlmH;"  Lamartliic,  "Vied  Clirifloidie  Colonib;  "  Hobc'rti<on, 
"lliHtory  of  America;  ■'  I'rcscott,  "History  of  Kerdina.id  and  Isabella." 
>"  TliuucL-  I  uni,"  the  Uiucovcrur  of  America  wrutu  iu  hit  will,  "and  thcro  waa  I  bom.'* 


[ass  at  Quebec 


mtmm 


I 

11 


l\ 


IS 


c/iiiisroi'nHU  ( <>i. ( wntrs. 


men  in  nil  liistnrv.  l>..niiMi.-  CnlnmlM.'  mimI  Siisuinn  Vou- 
taimn.ssi.  L.wd  v.wh  (.iImt.  lli."  ( 'limrli  !i:i.l  phicrd  tin-  Im.Iv 
s.-iii  (.f  li.T  lM'ii.Mli.ti..n  on  lii.-ir  U-mU'V  allVcfinn,  mkI  now 
tlu'V  wfii-  coinimninns  fur  lil't'. 

r)nniinir,    tliou.uli   n..t    li.-li,    wms   in   ivsiu'ctiiM.'  (iivnni- 
^tiiiKvs;  and  hr  was  nnt  iirnonint  llml  In-  iH.jon.uvd  tea  liini- 
ily  ..nc'  uralthy  and  nul.l...-     A  small  I'oHnnr  iidiciitrd  l.y 
liis  ycinm  wilV.  scnicwliat  incivascd  liiswrnMly  stmv.    Stdl, 
his  inconu'  was  slmd.-r,  and  t<.  niak.'  np  r«.r  tliis  lir  caiii.Ml  (.n 
th..  l.nsinrss  nf  NV()(>ic()n»l)ing.    II<'  li.nl  :i   I'l:"-.-  I'cr  wravmg 
rictlirs.  in  wi.icli  Iw  .'ini.l-.y.'d  a  w(.i'I<nian  and  nn  appivntuv. 
Ill  tin'  yciir  14:?:.,  a  littl.'  stran.uvrcanK'  into  tin'  world  in  tln^ 
qiiirt  snlmrLiin  nsidcnc'  of  Dominic  Colc.mbo.      The  bri-lit 
bal).'.  in  due  timr.was  taken  t..  tin'  cluiirli  of  St.  Strplicn.  and 
tlwsilvrry  wains  of  Hajitism  rolled  n].<m  its  innocent  In-ad. 
Til,,  name"  uivcn  was  ClnislnplH;:'     We  wonder  if  I  In-  .uood 
li..nedictine  F:itlier,  as  li."  p..rf..rmed  the  sacred  (vrenioiiy, 
tlioit'dit  of  this  verv  sniri.v«"stive  name:  (»r  if  any  jileam  ol 
li-dit  was  shed  on  ti.ej-lorions  an<l  eventfid  fntnre  in  ston^ 
i'or  the   little  Christian:      Ihit   in  vain  does   onr  cariosity 
question  the  i.ast.     The  -loom  of  a-es  snrro.inds  the  cra- 
dle of  Christoi.her  Colnml.ns.     The  details  of  his  early  hie, 
uhich  have  come  down  to  us,  are  indeed  sadly  meagre. 

"St'iilctl  I  sec  till'  two  .'i^'iiin. 
IJnt  not  uloiic;  tlicy  fiiti'i-liiiii 

A  lililc  iiiiiicl  uiiiiwavf, 
■\Vitli  f:i<c  i>s  roiiiul  lis  ill  tliiMiioon; 

A  roviil  jnicst  with  tluxcn  ii:iir, 

AVlio,  ihioiicd  uiioii  his  lofty  cliiiir, 
Dniins  on  tlic  tiihlf  willi  his  spoon. 

'I'licn  drops  it  cuich'ss  on  tlii'  fhxir 

To  ij:riisp  iit  ihiniis  unsci'ii  licfoie."  ' 


i':;T^'^iT^,^ii.,n  fnnn  of  llic  num.'.    «i>lnnilm-^  liitinlzid  liis  iiiimc  in  Ills  Ictl.rs  according 

,o  ;T  ;';::/  ^n   '.".;;  l!a:i"«.>  .l.c  lan.,,,,...  ..f  Icam....  c,.r,c-,...n,I..nc...  -/,-,  «r,. 

,   :  V    t      h  .  ,n.Ts..,rs  .,f  Colun.hns.  Irvi,,::'-  acc.nnt  i<  cxccclinL-ly  vaLM.c,  a.ifi  I.mvc.  us 

■Mniv.M  .lloIlK  '""'   '7,,,,'..,.,,,-,.    1)..  i.„r.Mics  niv>:  "It   \>  ,t,h,h,.  {\\»\  llic  .mccstor.'  of 

,„  w,u„Ur  M,  ,1...  '7'';;    '.ji  '.'.'.'''  ,,,,,;,,,■;  ,,„|„t;  «,■  f..,l  vn-y  VmW  inl.r.>„..l.    Tl...  tr,i« 

j.,,,,„„...  of  <'''"'"'";,,"',[•;'/;       -  ;,t     1,..  sl,i,„.s  l,y  no  lM,rro«,.,l  VvM.    Mis  son.  K.t- 

!!'l't^"f  .Vi"i''''V-  --Vv^  -''  "^''  ''•••'^  '''•-""■'■  f"""  ""*■  ""''""^  "^  "'"'"'*■    '"" 

from  iHinL'  llic  son  of  ^"cti  a  lallicr." 

3  ^/»^^^-M:/•sil.'nilU•stl..■  n„hl-U<n;r:  <nlumhu».a  dott. 

« Lonyfillow ,  ••  Tlic  llanginij  of  tlif  Cianu." 


run  is  r  >  i  'iii:n  i  o  i.  lmu  i  x 


n 


•cd  tlic  lu'ly 
itii.  Mul  now 

i1i|i>  cii'.'iiiii- 
:c(l  |u  :i  I'mui- 
inliciifcd  l>y 
store.    Still, 
lir  CMIlitMl  on 
I'or  \vt'iiviii<r 
II  niiiiifiitic*'. 
•  world  ill  the 
Tlicl.ii^lit 
Stcjilicii.  and 
moccnt  liciid. 
r  if  I  lit'  <idod 
I'd  (•('icniony. 
imy  filf'iiiu  of 
It  MIC  in  store 
our  cnriosity 
unds  lilt'  era- 
his  early  life, 
meagre. 


in  liif  U'ttiTs  nccDrdiiig 
\n\fnrv.  -in  in;/. 
ly  vaL'iic,  aiifi  li'iivcs  uh 
.  Iliiil  111!'  iinicKtorK  iif 
r  inli  ri>ti(l.  Till'  triii! 
liivcini  iits.  lint  tli(i«cof 
il  liu'lit.  I!i^  '">ii.  Kir- 
rccliiiL'  "II  tlii"  '^ii'ui'Ct. 
iiblliij  of  imcustry  than 


Yeiirs  rolled  oil.  ('lirisru]ilier  trreu-  ii|i  to  lioyhtxul.  the 
ho]"'  and  pride  df  his  |i;ireiits.  The  l>rit;hlness  of  his  eldest 
soli  he  had  now  luoi'e  than  one'  did  not  e>.ea|ie  the  keen 
eye  of  hoiniiiie  ('oloinl)o.  lie  ri-iiiaiUed,  anioiiu'  other  ipial- 
ilies.  I  lint  the  lad  loved  the  seii,  and  was  very  fond  of  study 
inn'  Li'eouiajdiy.  lie  saw  his  course  ns  liec;inie  a  uise  f.itlier. 
lie  resolved  to  wrolld  the  ucililis  of  his  soli.  And  at  the 
risk  of  ])inehin,i;' himself  nnd  his  family,  he  sen!  Cliiistoiiher 
in  his  tenth  year  to  the  Inixersiiy  of  l'a\ia.  where  the  Iiov 
studied  Latin,"  ncoinetiy.  jivouraiihy,  astronomy  and  iiavi 
^^•alioii.  His  colleiiiale  career,  however,  was  short.  In  his 
twell'tli  ye;ir  the  yoiiii.L;'  student  was  oMiued  toieiuin  home 
to  assist  his  father. 

The  wide  kiiowleduf  ;ind  deep  scieiitilie  attainments  w  hich 
('olnmhiis  possesseil  in  after  life  were  the  result  of  e.Vpi'li- 
eiif-e  and  loii!;-  and  careful  self-instnictioii.  Men  of  siron,-;' 
P'liius  derive  an  advantage  from  having'  thus,  at  the  very 
oiifsel.  to  contend  with  poverty  and  privations.  They  learn 
ti»  dei»end  upon  themselves,  to  improve  every  casual  advan- 
ta.u'e,  and  to  elVeet  .areat  ends  hy  small  nivalis.  Such  a  man 
Avas  ("oliimhiis.  His  own  eiier.iiy  and  invention  supplied 
every  <lelicien<'y,  and  in  all  his  nndeitakin.us.  tin  scantiness 
of  his  means  enhanced  the  grandeur  of  his  achievements. 

For  the  next  two  years,  it  seems,  Christopher  worked  at 
liis  father's  business.  I>iif,  no  doiiht,  he  felt  that  this  wan 
not  the  ])ath  of  life  wliivli  Providence  and  his  own  inclina- 
tions jiointed  out.     The  sea  was  his  destined  field  of  action. 

'"More  freijiiently  than  not,"  says  Father  Kniiilit,  S.  J., 
'•(lod  leads  men  hy  the  path  of  their  own  natural  character 
even  to  the  snblimest  aiuistolate.*' 

At  fourteen  years  of  a.ye,  Criliinibns  beranu'  a  sailor.  Tii 
those  days  life  on  the  sea  was  full  of  peril  and  adventure. 
Commerce  and  war  went  hand  in  hand.  Pirates  iind  free- 
booters were  in  abundance.  The  Christian  mariners,  in 
many  i)arts  of  the  Mediterraia^an,  were  always  armed  to  the 
teeth,  and  ready  for  an  encounter  with  Mahometan  corsairs. 

'  C'lirlstophcr  Coliimlms  \\i\»  the  tldv^t  of  ii  family  of  live— four  sons  nnd  ono  i1;iii:;htcr. 
"Latin  was  the  ouly  lanyiiago  in  which scicuce  was  taught  at  that  tiv.\c.—J!o'xri<ion, 


20 


(■inusTnriii:i:  ( dij  \iins. 


fi 


Siirli  wnstlu'  ni<:';r<'«l  sriiool  in  wliicli  llic  fiitiirt' iidiiiinil  wuh 
lii'st  lii'uUni  iiiliMliscipliin'.     Nni'  \\;is  I  lie  ti'.-iflifi'  less  niMuvd 

tli:in  tlif  ><-liin>|.     llcwjisii  ichitivi"  inmii'd  Cnloiiil i  Imidy 

old  ciiiihiiii  <>r  tilt'  st'iis,  linid  and  advi'iitiiroiis.  rcjidy  t<>  li;ilif 
in  any  ransc.  and  i«»  take  npa  iiiiaiifl  w In-nt'vcr  it  niiulit 
liiwrnlly  lit"  r<»iin<i. 

.Man\  \\<T<'  till'  drcds  ui'  daiinii'  iirit'urnicil  liy  ('In  i>ln|(lirr 
('i)liinii)us,  ImiIIi  nndcr  this  sinn.  old  iidiniral.  or  uiili  a  im 
less  lM»ld  and  li-liliiii;'  nriijicw,  Unown  as  CuN.ndin  tin' 
yonnsiiT. 

\viiil<'  on  a  crnisc  with  the  latter,  an  event  orcniivd  which 
•favc  a  new  <liivctinn  to  the  eareec  of  our  hero.  On  the  I'oi'- 
inniit'se  coast,  near  ciipe  St.  N'inceiit,  a  nninlier  of  rich 
\enetian  inerchantineii  were  attacked  Ity  ('olonilM»*s  <(jnad- 
ron.  iionii'  and  lierce  was  the  encoimter.  The  li;i:lii  \\;A 
lasted  iieiirly  all  day,  the  conil>alani>  ueie  nearly  exliaiisied. 
antl  the  ev.'iiiim' was  castiiiu'  its  shades  o\er  the  niiiihi\  de<|.. 
wlieii  the  privateer  commanded  liy  Christoiilier  Coliiniliiis, 
ora]«i'lcd  a  larne  Neiieliaii  vessel,  which  al'ler  a  hand-to-hiind 
.strM;i.i;le,  caii.uht  lire,  and  loth  were  ^oon  enveloped  in 
llames.  Friends  and  foes  alike  sonjiht  safety  in  the  v.-a. 
Seizing  a  lioatinu;  <iar,  the  future  discoveier  of  America, 
Jioldly  struck  for  land,  some  six  ndles  distant,  lie  r<'ached 
ir  after  a  des].erale  strn^ifi'le  for  life.  Jlis  lirst  imimlse  was 
to  thaids  Heaven. 

It  i.leased  (Jod— wrote  Ids  s(m  Ferdinand  many  yeais  after- 
wards—to  ]ireseiTe  hin\  for  jireater  thinus. 

Colnndius  now  found  himself  on  the  stiaii^'e  coast  <if  For- 
tnjiak  a  penniless  wanderei-.  lie  directed  his  stej.s  towards 
Lislxm,  made  the  ac<piaintance  of  sev«'ral  fellow-countrymen 
tliere.  an<l  was,  above  all.  liajipy  in  lindin.u-  his  brother,  I5ai-- 
tholomew.  To  his  eldest  brother.  Haitholomew  was  ever 
devotedly  attached,  and  he  ivceived  him  with  the  greatest 

ulTection. 

Portnjrak  at  this  time,  took  tlie  lead  in  discovery  and 
maritime  enterprise.  This  was  due  to  the  bri<>:ht  -i-enins  and 
snentilic  attainments  of  Prince  Henry,  a  fearless  kni;>ht,  Ji 
true  Catholic,  and  the  most  eminent  navigator  bef(jre  Co- 


ciiuisrtn'ii/n!  coirMiu's. 


'J  I 


uliiiiliil  \v;is 

less  lllLi'p  i| 

111),  :i  liiiiity 
uly  In  liiilit 
'V  it    iiiiulit 

l'llli>rnpllrl' 

r  u  ill)  a  IH) 

ilulliliii    tlii> 

iiiifd  wliicli 

;)ll  the  I'nr- 

icr   of    lii'li 

l!(»*,S    Xjllild- 

I'   lijiilit    liiid 

»'.\llill|NlCll, 

liuiil  \'  <l('<'i). 

(  "nlllllllilis, 

:iii(|-tii-|iMiiil 
ll\i"ln|M'(|     ill 

in  tln'  sea. 
il'   Aiiit'iira, 

lie  icaclicd 
iiiiliulsL'  N\af> 

■  years  al'tcr- 

nast  (iT  J*<>1"- 
fjis  towards 
(•(iiiiiti'Viiicn 
Hdllicr,  I'ar- 
'\v  was  cvci" 
the  greatest 

scovciT  and 
f  <i<'niiis  and 
ss  kni^iit,  a 
I'  before  Co- 


ImnliiiM.  Knroiiiair.'d  l»y  tlie  llnly  Sco.  Ilt-iiry  inaile  several 
r.\|M'ditioiis  ainnii,'  llie  Alricaii  coast,  seekiii;;'  l>y  water  a  i»atli 
to  the  l-'.ast  Indies. 

Tlie  INiiif  uianied  a  plenary  indiduem-e  to  all.  wlio  takini,' 
])art  in  those  voyages,  should  perisii  in  I'ldlillini:' the  condi- 
ti(.ns  ol"  tlie  iiidMl.-ence.  In  truth,  tlie  spirit  ol'  discovery 
was  connefted  witli  /i-al  for  ivlij-ittn.  which,  in  that  Catholic 
a.ue,  was  a  piiin-iple  of  snch  activity,  as  to  iidliieiice  the  con- 
duct of  nati(»ns. 

I'nder  the  hospitalih'  roof  ol"  his  brother.  ('oltind>us  made 
his  abodf  in  tlie  capital  of  I'ortnual.  and  supported  himself 
by  (biiwiiiii-  maps  and  charts.'  lb'  n<»t  oidy  provided  for  his 
own  immediate  wants,  but  by  economy  and  the  self-denial 
which  his  lilial  tenderness  imposed  n|ion  him.  he  was  ena- 
bled to  sweeten  the  old  aj-e  of  his  fatliel',  to  whom  fortune 
had  not  been  favoraltle.  "He  always  took  care,*"  writes  the 
]iist(»rian  ()vi<Mlo,   '-to  provide  J"or  the  wants  of  his  father."' 

Let  ns  <:lance  at  the  ai>pearance.  manners,  ami  habits 
of  Columbus.  wii(»  had  now  :rached  the  full  vi.ijor  of  phys- 
ical and  intelleciual  maidiood.  havinir  completed  his  thirty- 
third  year.  His  bio/^ra pliers  are  minute;  and  their  i>icture! 
is  botii  interesting;  and  instructive.  In  person.  Columbus 
was  tall,  well-formed,  and  comniandin<i-.  Alxmt  !iis  wlioh* 
linure  there  was  somethin.u,- elevated.  His  ai>|)earance  was 
impressive.  His  face  was  a  pure  oval  upon  which  nature 
had  staniiM'd  a  look  <d"  nnusual  ^race,  strenuth.  and  beauty. 
The  breadth  of  his  mind  was  clearly  indicated  in  his  intel- 
lectual brow  and  larire  foreluad.  His  nose  was  acpiiline.  and 
his  ilnely  chiseled  lips  expressed  the  niautianiniity  of  his 
heart.  All  his  senses  were  remarkably  acute.  His  eyes, 
j^n-ey.  keen,  and  stronir,  kindled  in  moments  of  «'ntlinsiasin, 
and  lit  up  his  manly  countenance.  A  dini])led  chin,  a  few 
freckh's.  a  ruddy  complexion,  and  hair  white  as  snow  since 
Ills  thirtieth  year— -snch  is  a  rough  pen-picture  of  that  won- 
derful man  of  destiny. 


•  ThP  construction  of  n  corn-cf  map  or  rlmrt,  in  tlioso  duv!',  ri'f|iiirc(l  «  dcgroe  of  kuowlcilgo 
and  fxiicricncc,  sufliciciit  to  cutillo  the  poswssor  to  dii<tinctlou.— /;■(  iiig. 


I 


«■ 


Ifc 


"2-2 


riinisrornhii  ciu.Driirs. 


4^: 


Tlionj-li  siiii|ily  rind.  I iM  puns  iiowIh'Iv  witlmiit  bt'ln^' 

iiiilirrd.     His  v.'ry  looU  Miup'sti'd  ;in  nirol"  !!!'i<l<-'t  .IMiii.' 
liui>.     ritl'un'  kiiiL:s  iiiid  j:i:iii<l<'<'s  Iii>  !i|i|H';in'tl  wiili  a.i  mticli 

I'licf  Mini  ;:i'! iis  if  lit'  li:nl  •'•■••II  Ix.ni  in  :i  jtiiliin'. 

lit'  liiid  no  ••ilifi'  liiit'iy  of  (livsM  tliMti  riciiiiliii.'ss.  In  iliis. 
In.w.'Vfi'.  Ih'  whs  fx.iiiisilf.  'Vn  ijic  iil>s^'iicf  ••I"  stiiiiisor  x-iits. 
or  ti.'nJiuviir.'  in  liis  ('l.ttliiiiLi'  \vlii<-li  \u'  lun-w  liow  in  \<\v- 
sfiv^'  ii  loii.u  tiiiH'  Im"  nwlcavon'd  to  join  w  liitt'iif><s,  and 
«.|'t.'n  liiHMn'ss  ••I"  lin.-n.  always  sli^-lilly  jmi  ruined.  F^>r 
liini  swi'ct  sci'iits  laid  •'vcr  an  unl'ailinu' attraction. 

Nature'  had  ^il't^-d  liini  with  an  •■l.-iiant  tast<'.  Ih'  adniircl 
\vith  ti'n(h'int>ss  tin-  woiks  of  liic  .Miniuhty.  an<l  sonuht  with 
rap'iiit'ss  for  tlowt'i's,  l»ii'«ls,  and  tlif  itrodnctioiis  <>!'  tht'sca.^ 
Thon.yli  a  niaiin^T  i'n.ni  lioyliood,  tlic  h)l'ty  <'liaract<'r  ol' 
roliindais,  raised  liini  ahov.- 1  lie  vices  ol"  the  seaman.  Sweai'- 
inu'  and  indecent  soiius  he  al»hoiiv<l.  Il«'  •liank  but  little 
wine.  He  disliUed  piines  of  chan«'e.  lie  despised  ellVniinatt? 
plea.sures.  With  nt»  inclination  for  the  pleasnivs  of  tli<'  lalile 
he  preserved  oil  land  th'-  rrnual  habits  ol'  shipboard,  lb; 
])reb'iTed  ve.uvtalde  lood.  Wat^'r  sweet^'iied  with  caialy  sn.nar 
and  some  <lrops  ol"  (»ran,yv-th»wer.  was  his  I'avoiile  drink. 

His  i>unctuality  and  habits  ol"  order  were  also  remark;d)le. 
He  knew  the  value  ol"  time.  His  sense  ol"  duty  his  eni'i- 
^•etic  nature,  and  well-balanced  charact»'r  prevented  him  Irom 
puttim;-  oil"  till  to-m<»rr(»w  wind  could  be  don<'  today. 
Never^was  he  seen  acting- at  landom.  or  outside  of  the  dic- 
tates ol"  duty  or  (►r  <j;o«»d  sense. 

His  <ioodm'ss  of  heart  made  him  most  alTect innate  to  his 
relativ.'^s  and  friends,  and  all'able  to  those  about  him.  show- 
in^'  his  inferiors  the  kindness  of  superiority  "iraced  with  an 
\iH)anitv  which  is  not  learned  tm  shipboard.  Ilissimi'leand 
flowin^r  lan.iiua.ii-e  harmonized  with  his  lichm'ss  of  ihou.uiit. 
The  ease  cd"  his  elocution,  the  <iraphic  turn  of  his  ima,i;vs,  his 
expre.ssi(ms,  often  hardy,  but  always  liappy,  rendered  his 
conver-sation  attractive.  He  was,  in  short,  one  to  be  loved  by 
those  near  him.  Of  a  sin,uularly  resolute  and  enduring 
nature,  he  was  likewi.se  ra])t  in  his  own  desi-^ns,  having  a 
ringing  forever  in  his  «?ars  ul'  bold  and  gigantic  proj<'cts. 


i' 


<  iintsTiti'/f/:!:  I  ill.  I  Mnvs. 


9:) 


tllnllt  bt'in^' 
|f.t  ilisliiic 
iili  \\H  timch 

'ss.  In  lliis, 
ins  or  ivnts, 

lloW   lit    lUi'- 

tt'nt'ss,  iiml 
iinn'il.  l-'nr 
I. 

Ill'  iidniiri'il 
suiiulit  with 
s  of  the  scM. 
<'!l!li:irlrr  (if 
ii:in.  S\vr:ir- 
ik  iMit  littli' 
(1  clVcniiniitt? 
;  (»r  iIk'  t!il>lt> 

pIxKII'd.        Il<! 

ciindv  sniiiii' 
Ic  (liink. 

it'niaiUi'.Itle. 
y  liis  cniT- 
h'd  liiin  I'lmn 
IdTK'  to  (liiy. 
»'  (tf  tin'  (lic- 

ionntc  t»»  liis 
t  liini.  sliow- 
H('«'(l  witli  an 
issiin])!*'  iind 
<  ol"  tlion.iiiit. 
is  ini:i,u'<'s.  his 
r«>n(h'r«'d  his 
0  he  loved  by 
nd  ciidniing 
'lis,  having  a 
projects. 


II.'  was  natnrally  liasly  and  iin'Mnt-d  to  aimt-r.  I'm!  this  ini 
iml'-f  never  injured  any  one  save  hiinself.  IJellection  not 
less  sudden  tlian  the  transport  enaliied  hJin  to  niasii'r  his 
leelinu's.  It  wiiidd  a|i|ieai'  tliat  tills  extreme  irritaliilit,v  of 
teMi|>i'r  was  uiveii  him  as  ji  test,  an  oeeasion  to  strive  a'^ainst 
liineM']!':  to  sul>due  his  natural  imlitiation,  to  overeome  this 
internal  obstacle  bel'ore  surinoiinlinu'  exterior  ones.  Trials 
designed  to  produee  t he  ureatesi  impatience  were  the  lot  of 
him  who  was  to  l»e  a  model  of  patieni'e  itself,  in  orih-r  to  ac- 
complish his  ever-endurin.u'  worU. 

The  virtues  which  Columltus  had  leaitied   to  practice  at 

home  dill  not  desert  him  on  th an.     If  he  was  always  a 

p-ntjeman.  neither  did  he  ever  I'oruvt  that  he  was  n  Caiholie. 
In  his  liriglit  and  thou.uhtful  mind,  (iod  and  Weii.Ltion  held 
tlielirst  place.  "ThroiinliMUt  his  life,"  writes  Irvin.u'.  "he 
wa-i  noted  for  a  strict  attenti m  to  the  oflices  of  reliuion:  imr 
<lid  his  piety  consist  in  mere  forms,  but  partook  of  that  lofty 
and  solemn  enthusi:ism  with  which  his  whole  character  was 
stionuly  tinctiireil."" 

I-'roni  the  day  of  ids  arrival  in  Lisbon.  Columbus  was  a 
ren'ulai'  attendant  at  nionuiiu'  .Mass  in  the  Church  (d'  All 
Saints,  just  adjoinin;;- a  convent  of  nuns.  His  piety  and  the 
distinction  of  his  manneis  were  remarked  even  throiiuh  the 
grating  <»f  the  cloistei'.  Among  the  Ixtai'ders  at  this  relig- 
ions institution  was  u  noble  young  lady  named  Doi'ia  Felippa. 
de  I'erestrello.  About  Columbus  there  was  a  mysterious 
and  indescril)ab!e  something,  that  won  her  aU'ection,  and 
tender  curiosity  inv«Mited  the  means  of  making  his  ac(piain- 
tance.  This  jiufe  and  romantic  attachment  ended  in  mar- 
riage. Hut  neither  was  wealthy.  Miss  de  Perestrello's  real 
riches  were  her  virtue,  beauty  and  accomi>lishinents.  SIih 
was  the  daughter  of  an  eminent  Italian  navigator'  in  the  ser- 
vice of  Portugal,  who  died  governor  of  Porto  Santo,  but 


'  Tlilc  wiin  Don  Ilnrthnliitni'w  di'  PcrcHtrillo.  For  (llntliiirnlfhod  ccrvlcc!'.  the  fiimoii!'  Prliire 
Uriiry  cniiliil  liiiii  tiovtriior  of  the  l^liiml  of  I'ciito  S.intci,  iiiiil  lii'slowcd  iipiiii  Ijiiii  larjr  c  j-tilcH 
lliiiv,  uliicli  niiiii'd  nitlii-r  than  fiiriclii'd  liiiii.  T'.ii'  riil)liit.s  wito  so  nunicroiis  lluil  llicy  lilcrally 
nil'  liiiii  oiii,  pliiyln;;  tlii'  niir-ihicf  wiili  tlif  products  of  tlic  noil.  The  wlfu  of  Columbus  liiUfrUud 
u  iioiilou  of  Ihosu  uuiirodULlivo  c^tutt'S. 


tfj 


1 


! 


24 


ciinisroi'iihit  ( (H.rstiii'i*. 


vv1h>.  bv  nn  .n.lu.i.py  iwris..  ..f  fuHnn.-.  wn«  n.niiM.n.-.l  U^ 
1  .„v.'  I'liH  i'lmiilv  uiih  lilH'-  >nv.'  iIh'  in.'m..i'y  ..!'  :iii  Ik.ik.iv-I 
nimi.'  In  lii^  v<'""i;i  '-li'l''.  li".\vrv.T.  Cnlimil.us  ruiiinl  a  nil 
,,„,,l  Mii.l  .l."\..f.-.l  .•niiii.imioii  v\lin  lovingly  Mymi.iiilii/..'<l 
uiilinll  liiM  i»liiiw. 


i  • 


nni|"'nt'f1    f<» 

r<>iintl  II  «'iil 
<\  iiili:illii/<»'"l 


riiAPTKu  ir. 

Tin;  STKI  «i«il,K.?<   <»|'  (ii:VIf«*. 

('ohniihiis  mill  Mjilnnisn  V.  Tin  ifioirlh  of  n  {irmf  hha — 
liiisis  It/'  Citlniiihus'  Hinnif  lh\  TnsnnnUi  oiiil  ('nhmi' 
hiis  Ills  ililJIriilHis  Vinits  his  iiiiUrf  i'ihj  niifl  li'iH 
l'\iUi>i-  l*(n'hiii(il  tnnts  liiiii  iiiotnhi  Ihntli  nf  Inn 
iri/>\  DoiJit  /'Vfij)/)ti  lUnrlx  his  sh'i>st<»  SfHihi  -Fitfhir 
1*1  rr:  (iiifl  i>in't(tt'  llvniiimhz—Thv  Cniiniif  (f  Lti  Itn- 
1,1,1,, .  ( '„hi  nihil  s  lit  llii  S/tiiii  ish  <  'nil  it  l-'nthi  r  ili'  Tutu- 
riirn      Sn-nntl   iiiiliriinji'  nfCntiniitnis      His  li  till-  til  l\ili[l 

Fi I'lliiiiiiifl  -  liiti ri'irtn  irilh  the  S/Hiiiish  Sni'i riiifiis — 
Till  Jinilii  of  Si(titi/i(nint—//is  hniiiiiiiniii  Fiiimh — 
Thf  Moorish  Wiir  Fniliiiiiiiil  mill  Isniuttn  lliimur 
ttisimirs  of  Slim  ss  Thr full  of  <i rii miilii  —  llv  is  iihoiit 
to  liiiri'  Sjmiii  Thi-  turn  of  Fortiiiiv  -IsiiIhIIh  luroiinn 
fiifi  inttron—Thf  ti r/iis  if  (iijri'tinvnt — Filial  i>ri /xnu- 
t ion  ft. 

Colmiilms,  afft'i'  his  iii!ii'riii<ro,  was  invited  fo  yoh'u]o  in  tlio 
liousc  of  Ills  Mii»tln'r-inliivv,  wIid  iipjicars  ft  have  licni  a  lady 
of  no  onlinary  piety  and  distinction.  To  <iain  liis  daily 
bread,  however,  he  continued  to  work  at  his  chaits  and 
inannsciipts.  Hnl  lie  was  now,  inoi-e  than  evei-  hefore, 
broiiiiht  within  the  sphere  of  discovery.  His  alliance  with  an 
lionoial)le  family  pi'ocnied  him  access  to  the  hiuhest  (piarteis. 
It  intiddnced  him  to  the  distinunislied  men  of  the  ("oiiit, 
and  the  mo.st  noted  schohu's  of  INatii^^d. 

An  inciih'iit  attests  this  l)ey(»nd  doiiltt.  'Kinu'  Alplnaisiis 
v.,  thoii<>-h  not  en.ua^t'd  in  maritime  expeditions,  still  from 
tradition  and  instinct,  interested  himself  ahoiit  naval  allairs, 
and  eheerfnlly  adnntted  the  loieiirn  pilot  into  his  presence. 
He  was  delij^lited  with  the  conversation  of  Colnmhns,  who 

'ii5 


•111! 


gtt  ffint^nii'iiiii  iiti.i  Miics, 

nil. 11  •.]„,K,.  t..  Iiiin  ..r  III.-  iiiiiiii'iil  M-ii'iin-H  iiml  iiiiiiifiiiK'  n<|. 
vt'iiliiii':*.     <Mi»'  iliis.  Ill   iIm'  <ii<I  "f  ill. in.isili.iii  un  ilio 

llsicil  t.t|>lr  nf  (li-. INC.  iiIhI  |MThii|.>  li.n.iilinil  tllf  <m| s,. 

ill  lii"  i'l.'ii-'.  Ill'-  l*..iiMuin's.'  nili'i'  sliKWr.l  liiiii  MiiiH'  itt'.l>  i^r 

III!    t'lHUMHMIM   ,«*|/,i'.   llllUlloVMI    I.I   llll\    clilili.lf  el*    Klirn|M'.       A 
Mol'lll    llil.l    .hivll    lll'-lll   nil    III.'   >ll..r.'    nl*   III.'   A/.H.'H   xnIhiv 

tli.'V  WIT"  |.i.i..«l   ii|>.     'I'lii^   litri.   ili.mvtli  irilliii^r.  h  .hm«. 

p'-th.'. 

Ill  ilifir  fritii'llv  rliiitliiiu's.  Ills  iiioili.r  In  hiw.  >triick  with 
IiIh  (Ifsliv  |«»  »lhiit\«'i'  iiiiUiiitwii  ••((iiiiiri.s.  ICC. Mill. ■.!  III.-  lilt' 
ul'  lit'i- Iiii-'I'iiikI  I'.  ('«>IiiiiiI»ii>*.     IN-i.-^inllti's  ii..ii's  im.l  J..111- 

|i:iU  ^li.'  ill>n  r.iliri.l.Ml  I..   Ililll.       Klolii  III.'  0I1S..HMII..11H  lli.'V 

it:iiii.'i|.  ('.(IiiiiiImis  s.miii  ilri'W  u  in'w  Hii|.|.nii  f-.i  Ills  i-riiil- 

iiiillv  iiiiitiniiiK  I'loj.'ft  .il'»'X|»l<iiiii;i'  tlu't'jiiili.  iiml  fs|M'ci:illy. 
of  pi'ii.'lnitinu  III.'  ^iv;ii  midI  iinkiiouii  .mcmii  wliicli  slivlili.'il 
nwav  lo  lilt'  "''^1.  'I'owiiids  this  tiriiii.l  inlii.'V.'iii.iil  l.iitl.fl 
nil  Ills  stmlifs.  voyiiiii's,  mid  ifsi'iiirlu's.  Aiikhi^'  oIIut 
Ihiiiirs,    li.'  rxiiiiiiiK'il    tin-  |ir..>:r''.'*'<  <'!'    I'l"    rnilii;iiu's i 

till'    ((liist     nf    (lllill.'!!.    JIIhI    IIk"   K'MI.'    IIm'.V    I".  .1  I.  .W .'.  |    t.i    illliv.' 

tli.-iv.     S.iiiit'  li iiri.'i'.  In-  fMil>iiiK.Ml  with  Ills  uil'.'  r.-r  Ii.t 

Nlciil.'  |H.>!..'ssioiis  ill  I'.irio  SmiiIo,'  wli.'i.'  lie  iviiiiiiiiftl  fi'iii 
shoi't   iMTJod.      Ii    wiis  ih.'H"  lllill   .liiiiM'^.   Iiis  liist  s<>ii,  v.iis 

lioin. 

"I  liiivc  Ih'.'II  sfcUiii;,' oiii  ilif  >..'crt'ls  «»l'  iiiiliiiv  l.tr  I'mly 
vciirs."  wr.ilt'  Coliiiiil'iis  ill  ii  liili-r  itcriml  o|'  III".',  "iwui 
"wli.'irver  sliii*  liiis  siiil.-d  iIm'Iv  have  I  voviip"!."  Il<'  liiid 
doiihth'ss  tally  ••.•iicfivi-d  Hi.- plan  <»l'  rxaiiiiniiiiu' tlir  wIioIm 
world.  Alx.iii  III.'  r..tiitli  yfarnl"  Ids  s..j..iirii  in  Portii.ual 
M7I  it  was  ahvady  d<'v.'|i.p<'<l  ill  li'^  '•'''"'■  'I'liis  rxliaoi- 
diiiaiy  man  was  iifvpr  incnnsistant  with  hlinscll*.  In  tlit'cx- 
aminali.in  <>f  his  lit".'  wf  lind  liini  always  tln'  sainr.  That 
which  Ih'  was  in  atlvaiu-.'d  ap'.  In'  was  in  his  y..iith. 

II.'  was  cviT  a  man  of  prompt  action  and  ready  wit,  keenly 
alive  to  tell  what  was  passing-  aruimd  him,  s< -If- possessed  in 


I  P,ir'ii,'^:mlo  I-  iMi<'"f  til-  MiKt.lm  l-liiii.N     ll«  h'liL'tli  I-  ■■Itilil  mil'-.  Imii.llli  Ihrrr  mil.'*, 

HIXI  III    IXIJ  ll»  lMI|Hlll.ll..ll  »..-  ll.llXt.       II   "11-  .li«(»iTril  III    I  IIM  l)V   I'c.rlllL'.l.  —  ,   MImI    II    -llll  Ix- 

li.iik'.  II.  Ilial   I111I1..II.       II   »ii»  iinmril  Port..  Saiil.i    or  llir  lloly  I'orl     I...  :iut  111.'  ill-coMTiM 
IlitlU'll)  .HCuiKii  M.li.wrt^k  l.j  r.uiliii.«  It.    TliU  win,  lUv  Jli«l  of  Ihf  .Mu.ldru  yroiii.  i1Imon.t.hI. 


riiii/>i>H'ith:i{  rut  I  \H!rs, 


•J7 


iritiiiH'  ml- 

inll  11)1  tilt* 
111'  (  it'lluoi' 
lie  II'ImU  of 
'.IIIOpi'.        A 

lilt"*  wIhio 
\ii£,   is  .sil;r- 

IiikU  uilll 
h'll  llii-  \\U' 
s  iiml  .i"'iir- 
iiliuiiM  ilicy 
il   Ills  ^\w\- 

fS|M'ciilllv. 
■Il   slivllll.'tl 

ii'itt  I<'ImIi'<1 
null;;'    miIht 

'tiimi«>Mt>  till 

•d  Id  iiriivc 
,\  il'i'  Inr  Ih'i- 
ciiiii'il  U>v  u 
■st  sun,  v.iis 

■«'  lor  forty 
life,    "aiid 

."     Ilr  liiid 

ij:  ilic  uIiuIm 
I'ortii.niil  - 

liis  rxliaoi- 

III  tlH'<'X- 
<illlH'.       Tllilt 

mil. 

wit,  Ut'cnly 
|)(»s.s«'.sst'(l  in 


inmllli  lliri'i'  liitli'*, 
iH'-c.  unci  II  Hllll  111'- 

1 111!'   (ll-(ll\iTI  n 

ru  t;r>Hi|i  iIImcimti'iI, 


•lii?ij;t'i'.  iiinl  ft'ifili'  In  irs(tiirrf«;  luit  In-  uus  iini  tin*  I»"*«  on 
tliiit  iH'iMinii  I)  mnir  ii'iiiliT,  ti  ui'fiit  Miiitji'iit,  iiinl  ti  <li)-iiiiii>i' 

•  if  o|i|i>tii|iil  <li'i-:iiiiH. 

Ill'  «!is  |ii»sm'«*«*p(|  iif  ill!  till- rMM|||ii<;rii|i||i)'al  kimw  |rilu;t>  nf 
Ills  tiiiii'.  :iiit|  uiiH  ut'll  \i>i>i>il  ill  nil  (111*  liiHiks  aliii'li  \\>>yf 
iIh'Ii  ii'a;tii|i'i|  as  urai'iilai'  in  lliiir  -lali-iin'iils  iiIhiiii  ilif  liiii. 
ilH  iif  ilii'  lialiitalili*  y:lnlH'.  lie  hail  |  oi;»  I  uvit  iIh-uIiv*- 
illU  |>!iU''s  ')f  MaiTM  j'nlii  fill  |||i>  iiiamiDii'ciit  \ioiiiii  i,f 
Cifuni'Jit' \\\u\   t'liHiiii/'     fiiiiii'li'il   ii|i(iii   lid-  iH'liial   \\iiiii|fiH 

•  if  Cliiiia  ami  .lapati  liad  faxiiniil  ii|Min  liis  mumI;  niiil  In* 
litViT  (Iniiliti'tj  tliat  till-  (tiaiid  Khan  uas  <<iii-|i  :ih  ||i>  h:ii|  I  ••••li 
i|i']iich'il.  ami  iMily  \\aili'i|  the  siiiiiiiiutis  uf  tin-  ralhnjii'  ?i(tv» 
fifiuMi  to  III-  l»a|iliz(M|  with  all   his  |ii'iip!i', 

'I'lif  ••'iiitiniiuiis  ••iiiitMii  iif  Pictimih'si'  (lisiMivi'ili's  iindiT 
I'lim'!'  Ili'iiiy  and  (iIIu'Is  Ind  ••xrlii'd  tin-  iiiind  of  l'",iiiii|ii'. 
and  niiist  Iium-  had  n  •  litili*  iiilliii-mi'  on  ('uliiiiilitis,  li'.iim'. 
a-i  II"  was.  in  the  inidsi  of  iIumii,  This  nmy  Ih-  sjild  wiihont 
III  any  way  d<>ti'ai-tiim°  fniai  hiw  iim>i|iiiilh'd  merits  as  a  unat 

•  liscoM'ii'C.  Ii:  ml  lifi'  p 'itii''' d  »  nil  spijnu'  fioin  shadows 
to  soinrlhin.;'  siilisiantial.  as  pi'o|(!i'  In  sii-U  dnanis,  .\ 
^I'l'af  invi'iilioM  or  discovery  Is  ofti-n  liUi' .1  dariiit:' leap,  luit 
it  is  fi'oiii  hind  to  hin  I     not  from  iiothiiiLr  to  soim-thiiiL:'. 

h't'inando  ('oliiin'iiis  di\id('s  inio  tin <'lass»'s  the  >iinnnd 

on  uhirh  his  father's  tlieoiy  was  liased;  naiiH'ly.  reasons 
from  naliire.  tie- ;iiitlioiiiy  of  \\riie;s.  nnd  ilie  testimony  ol' 

nailors.       lie   believed    theWdlld    lo  lie  a  splu'l'i'.       lie  under. 

•  •stiniati'd  its  si/.e.  lie  over-pstimaled  tli»'  si/,i'  of  the  Asiiitic 
nintiiieut.  The  further  that  «'onlinent  extemh'd  to  (he  east- 
ward, the  nearer  it  came  round  towards  Spain.  .\nd  this,  in 
a  greater  or  h'ss  de<free.  IukI  lie  n  the  o|iinion  of  tin'  am-ient 
j;e(>;i;ra pliers.  Moth  Aristotle  and  Seneca  tlioiiylit  that  a  ship 
iniKlit  sail  '"ilia  few  days"  fioin  Cadi/  to  India.  Siraiio. 
too,  lielievi'd  that  it  niinht  !»•'  possiliie  to  naviiiate  on  tlu* 
Nainci  paialhd  of  latitude,  due  west  from  tin*  coast  of  Africa 

I  flpaiiftn  U  ttic  iininr  trlvon  tn  n  mnncllniiii  t^lmd  ilcsrrltH'd  In  iliP  "  V(»viii»c»  "  nf  Marco  PoNi, 
flu-  fiiiiiiiii-'  \  riililiin  Imulcr.  Il  I"  n|irii.riiii  il  ii"  Ij  iiiL'  In  llic  riiKfirn  "iiii-  miiiii'  Vh*)  iiiilf-  riniii 
liiiiil,  mill  of  il"  lii'iiiilv  anil  wimIiIi  many  "inrli"-  arr  n  laird. 

'■"  lalUai)  if  i-liiijil}  uii  old  immi'  fui  Cliliui.    Il  iiwv  ilr  Oi-|j.'lii,  Il  In  wild,  lo  .Man o  I'ulo. 


i.r  Sptiiii  I"  ilial  .-r  imlhi.  Tin*  iimumfs  \i\\v\\  l»y  .Mi»m» 
polo'  immI  Sir  .loliii  \|iin<l«'\lll<''  nr  ilH-ir  .•,\|.|uiiui..ii«« 
to\\iii'iM'liiii:i  n»iitliHM'<l  lli»'i'Xi»KK«'>'"l«''l  >•''•'»  "''  ''"'  ••^'''•»» 
of  Kii«.ftiii  A^iii. 

Hut  of  ;ill  till-  moiUh  of  IpiiriH'tl  Mlfll.    lliat    «lllr||.  iiitokI. 
In^    to    K.-rniiiMln  CoIiiimIhim,    IumI   i:ioM   wrl^lit    willi   \\U 

ralllfl',  WHM   llH'  "('oMMIojflilpllhr'   of  r.lKlimi!   Aliiiro.       It    Is 

II  sjii'-iiliir  w.irU.     |,i-!irn.'il  inviiiiM'iifH  nil- lull  rH|..'i>f.l  \slili 

III."  Ilin>|   wuli.lrlllll   l"i|l.|.»or    linli  l.n.lit.l   lll.li  iiIkI  tloy;  flK'.il 

wotih'ii;  K'liN''  iiii'l  <••"»••»  v«'ry  hoiiii.I  (li-.t|iii^itiniis  on  ili.' 
i'iiiiIi'm  Hiirl'iirt' inv  iiiixnl  up  willi  tin- wild.'Hi  Htniiisol'  innii. 
f*f.'is  iiimI  HiiliiiiiiMiilt'i-'.  of  plains  :iiiil  pimii'K"*.  It  i-*  li«i«' 
llliit  \\»'  liml  llif  oiiuiiial.  of  our  luodrrn  luinniilir  iiri|Uiiiut- 
iinri'.  Ill*'  MiM  xt'i |M'iif.  (Ii'sciIIm'iI  IIS  Itt'iiijLr  "of  Iiiik<*  ?»1/«'.  ni 
thiii'li.-  Uilh  ami  tU'Vours  Iiiik.'  Hta^s,  iiiid  h  alilf  fo  «'ritsH 

lllf  on'iHl." 

Il  JH,  iiid I.  ii  niiioiis  siil>j»'<'t  for  meditation  that  tin'  <»iii- 

jertiiiv  ol  laud  iu  the  \v«'st  \i\v\\  nut  of  a  wi'U's  of  luhlakt'ii 
notions.  HtTiinsr  ('(.luinluiH  lii'llt-v.-d  ila-  .miiIi  to  I..'  of 
small. •!•  .■iirumft'ifm-.'  tliati  It  ivnll.v  is.  nud  Immmus..  In-  Im-- 
llrvrd  that  tlu"  laial  rovfivd  a  larp'i'  aiva  than  tla-  walt-f. 
th.-ii'f<.i.'  h«'  iH'lit'Vi-d  that  tlu'  ••ast.'iii  t-xtivmlfy  (d"  Aslu 
(■(.uld  1m'  spt't'dily  ivach.'d  l»y  .sailin.i;'  west.     Ih-  did  u<ii  at 


r  |/,„.v.  P>J,>  .1  iiiill*.'  "f  Vrnlrp. !«  flic  fhlrttriith  rrnfiiry.  Wrti.  III.'  kli.K  "f  tmvi.|..f,  In  lil.  .ii.y. 
II.'  M>,W'\  I"  II  n"l'l''  fi""ll*.  '""'  """f'll'.i:  •"  •'"■  '"■"""  "'  ''''  "'"""■'  •  '"^■'"■'■''  ''•■''  '" 

trmli'       111-  nnl  •..(  luli.d  -miuIiI  - .1.  »  -l-l""'  "'  "'">".'  f'l"l  ■■'llvllv,    Till-  |i....,i|,l..l  l.lni 

Inlrii'vrl  l.il.Mink.M.«n  rnnntrl,...     II.'  .  ..mIImim.I  lil-  »ai..l.  rliiL-  In  .\-la  r..r  n|.^^..r.|.  ..f  l«.Mty. 

-K  y..,!.-;  ..n.l  »l..n  ho  .ii.n.'  h..m.'  «n.l.' hi--  Tmul-,"  u  l..».k  Ihut  ..M.pnl- 1  ..11  IMO'l"'.  uinl 

wu»  ufl'TWiiril-  11  iiriil  fiiv.irll.'  «Hh  r.iliiinlni-. 

V  s;,'  /../,»  \hi„h<i"r  «ii.  iin  Kn::ll.liiniin  lui.l  11  l.'iirii.<l  pliv-IHiiM  of  II..'  r...ir..-iilh  .•.iihiry. 

M,.,nl  nilv  V.Mr.  nfi.  r  Mar...   I'.-'...'-  H M l''*!"''  •''  ■""  '"'  "'I-  """'l-'i'"-"      '>'■  ;l;l"'' 

Tnrk.'v    \rin.nli.    Ki/>l.t.  H>rli..  I'.r-I.i.  flml.h  a.  Ti.riMry.  iin.l  ih.'  In.ll. -,     llni  hi-  tr.  ,il  .1.  lii'ht 

»»-  ih.'  Ih.lv  i.an.l.  «  h.F.'  he  -inalncl  f.T  a  l...m  llm r.fnll;.  .xanilnhm  .•>.■.•>  Ira.-..  ...i 1.  .1 

with  th.'  hl-l..rv  ..f  ...ir  ill .•<!  lt'.l...rniT,     II.'  r.liirn..!  1..  KiiL'lan.l  afl.  ran  ah-,  n.  .■  .if  IhlHy 

f„i,r  v.'af.    Ill-t k.ir-TraMl-"l-i;.'n.rally....i-l.hr..lih rll.-l  inonnnnnt  ..f  Knt-ll-h  |,r 

Itai  th.r.'  «a.  a!-.,  a  f.nlln  .'llllon.     IrMnii  -ay-  lln-  »'-rk  1 i:r.'ill  iimtK.rlly  wllh  i-li.n.l."-. 

Mario  l'"l'>  "".I  f-lf  •'"'"'  M"!"'"'' '"''  "''"' '"'"'  •''"'"  •'■'""'I'""' 

•  Ciirillnul  IVtiT.lf  Allni'o.  Ar.l.hl.h..i.  nf  f'anihray,  «a-  h..rn  In  |:ll(>.  an.l  .|i.'.l  »h..iil  Ui\ 
Ik  »a-  Ih.'  anih.ir  i.f  niiinv  «..rU-.  iiti.l  on.'  <>f  ih.'  im.-l  I.Nirn.'.l  an.l  -il.i.lill.-  ....11  -if  hi-  .lay. 

Whih'  inaklntf  r.-rar.h.'»  In  S.'vlll.'  In  th.'  Hlhll..lh.'.a  r.,l,.niMna  Ih.'  Ilhn.iy  ulvcn  h>  F.  r- 
iinn.h.C.ihiinhii-  K.  ih.'  Caih.'.lrnl  ..f  Ihiil  <lly  ih.'  hUl-.rian,  \Va-hlnL't..n  Irvlni:.  .I|..'..».'r.'.l  tin- 
v.'rv  .'..py  ..f  fanllnal  Alia.'..'-  «..ik  ii-.'<l  by  Ih.'  Illn-lrhni-  .ll-<'..».'n'r  of  Am.ri.  a.  Il-  nn.rt;ln« 
uri''c.>M'r.'.l  «llh  iioH"  hy  foliinihu-,  "wrllU'ii  in  u  siry  Mimll  hut  licul  uinl  Ul-tliict  luiiiU." 


|i|iiiii((on»4 

[In*  r\f«'llt 

ll.  iM'ru|(|. 
uilli  llU 
lini.  It  !h 
•|^t'*l  >vilU 
I  «lu>r  fiicnl 
illN  nil  lll«> 
\vH  tif  limii. 
It  h  JH'tt' 
'  iir(|ii!iiiit- 
h:h  sIz»'.  m> 
ill'  to  ri'iisrt 

lit  lln'  t'{]\\. 
r  lilhliiUt'll 

I     til     III*     u{ 
IISI'      III'     111'- 

till'  \Mili  r, 
fy  ol"  A^iii 
dill  ii<il  lit 


IIMll'f.  Ill  111'  IIIIV. 
(■Ill.'ili;rll    1   lll\  111 

lli>  llllllllllll  ll  llilll 
immcl-  111'  l«i  lit)- 
ll  nil  KiirulK'.  mill 

iiir'ri'iiili  niiiiiry. 

lIllL".  Ill'  *l-ll<ll 
I  III.   u-rr  ll  ill  liL'Ilt 

i\  inn'i'  I'liiiiiiM  It  ll 
iilii-riii  r  iif  llilrly- 
(if  KiiL'll-li  iiriKi', 
\llli  riiliiiiiliiio. 

I  (Pill  iiliiml  \m. 
iiii'ii  (if  lili-  ility. 
miiy  l'Imii  Ii>  K>  r- 
iiu'.  (Il»iii\i'ri(l  till' 
rldi.  It'  iniir|{lni 
itliict  bund." 


nritrsrontrn  rof.rvni%  .^h, 

flijif  tl»ii.'n»nt<'mpliifi.  th..  r».w,|l,|||jy  ••fun  ///Arr/7//«7  m«. 
h'tnnf,-  titl.t  it  miN  th,.  f„|„.  |,|,.,i  ,|„„    „„|y  „|„,„,  ,„„;  iiiii^i 

of  til.'  ••liiiiMir..|..M.i.  i.r  til.,  .'iiifli  ivMiiiliMil  iinfi'iivi'rHi'.l 
>vlili|i  imliir.-.l  him  ll,  pliinp.  I.i,|,||y  inti*  tlu'  mvnt  ,„.,.,i,i. 
Ill' NfMitfJit  Axlii,  hut  ll.'  t'iMiiKl  Aiii.'iini, 

III    1471   Wf   timl   CitliiMilHH   ill  coiri'HputKl.'iir.'   with    Ih, 
Piiiil  Ti.viii.'Ili.  „  |,.„i,„.,|  p'ly^i.iiiti  I.r  n..r.'iin..  who  wiiH  ti 

Kiinl  ol    nnillil    |..r,.|'.'.>    to    tl N|.|n|,.|'H   iitiil    r..H|||ni.|.||,|„,,s 

of  his  tiiiiM.  iiikI  wih  lii«hly  ..^i....|ii,i|  ,,1  Uoiih'.  ,\  i.n.r 
from  tli.>  nof'titiii.'  philoHophrr  to  CoIiiihImis  .luti'il  .hmo 
y"»lli,    1171.   Is  .'xtiiiit   ill  whii'h   hi'  allows  liv.'ly   iiiti'ii'st   In 

till'  ploposil  of   Collimlilis    In    siiil    Wi'sfNMilil.   IIi'hI    ylv.'H    ||[||| 

iiiiirli  >,iiimil,ir  iiiloiiimtiuii,  ujih  iiimisiiiy  asMininc.'.  jii^t  ji.h 
II'  hi'  w.'ii'  spiiiUliw  "I"  Known  fiiitliH,  niiij  f„K,.s  iiutln>  of 
liis  mili'iit  ili'Hir,.  to  Npi'.iiil  ihf  kiioulrilm.  .,|'  tli.'  tiiith.  To 
Tos.'iitii'lli.  uti  till'  wholi..  iniirh  ni'ilii  is  ilm.  \;,i  tin' I'liroiir. 
iiM''iui'iil  hi"  Kiivi'  that  nilossi,!  .'iiti'ipiisi.  u  hiih  |,.<|  to  tin. 
disnivi'iy  ol"  ii  iii'w  woilil.' 

Hut  licit  till'  iiotlc.'M  of  w.'stj'i'M  Iiind  w»'i'«' not  siuh  ns  to 
linvi' niiich  uii-ht  with  oihi.r  ,i„.||  is  sii(lii'i,.fi(|y  pi,,v,,|  i.y 
Ihi'  ililliniliy  uhiih  < 'olinuhus  had  in  rouii'iiiliiiH-  with  id*. 
Vfi'N..  M»'<Vi!ipiM'rs  and  nu'ii  of  Mri.'nc..  in  j;i'ii.'ial,  of  w  hum 
}i«'  says,  hi'  ii.'v.'i'  was  >il>h>  to  roii\iu<'..  any  <ui»'.  Afl.T  ii 
new  world  h;id  lipi-n  dis.ovi'ii.d  nmiiy  srattHvd  indiratioitN 
wi'if ///f 7/  round  to  hav.'  foii'showii  jr.  "NVh.'ti  lu'  pmm- 
is»'d  ll  n.'w  h.-Milsplu'iv/'  wi'oi..  VolfaiiT.  "pi'iipli.  main- 
taini'd  that  it  ((uild  not  »'xist;  and  wlu'n  he  had  disco ven-d 
it,  that  it  had  lu'i'ii  known  a  lonu  tiiiit'I" 

Wlii'ii    thi'   ji'ivat    icmIv.',   Iiow»'v»'|',   was   onro   takm    l>y 
.('oliimlnis  to  milieu  Fj.n'iilafiiui   to  pnu-tu-o  l.y  an  artinil 
voya;^.'.  ihmt  iimu-h  was  it  laid  jisidi'. 

This  was  thi'  r"al  pojat  of  (h'^-aitiiro  in  flu'  discovery  r.f 
AniHiica.  not  that  ctlipr  inomirf  wlicn  !'\'i'diiiaiid  and'lsa- 
liella  si>:iicd  the  c(uiditions  confeiiiri^  liie  \ice.J{(»yjilty  of 

'Thii.  fntiHMiH  nillmllr  pliy^lihrn  nl.n  wnt  i.  niiip  «llli  |,N  l,.|-,.f.  in  lOilrh'wnMWHl'irroiiti, 

'"  '"'""  "" '"•  Ailiiiillc.    ThU  limp.  Iiy  «hl,|,  i„|i.r -  Nil|,d  „„  1,1,  ,ir.|  („y,. f  du,.,,,. 

try.  1,1  -  CuwiH  -iiy-,  lie  K^iil  In  IiIk  |ii>s.(  ,..l(m  m  llic  lime  of  miUIhl'  III-  lihiory  l,"!,  yriullv  to 
lie  riwiicl  ili.ii  ..,  li,i(T..ilii«ii  (Idciiimm  .hoiild  bulo-t.  It  limy  yil  I'xUt  unioiiK  t|,(.  (iMotlo 
liiiiibir  iif  Ih"  Simiiixli  urclilvi'x.— y/'i^ij/, 


vmusToriiKn  coi.  v.mn's. 


m 

Mwiv  with  his  luiiility  l'nriH.s<.iinlullill.'(l.  ■     ,    ,  ., 

.    ,  k  :i  upon  himself  as  stan.lino-  m  thy  hand  ..t     h".       , 

};z;MiJthrH:;i^.v'^i.=n.ish.ao..^ 

;  .  u-s  'U  I  huvmauvs,  united  under  the  banner  ol  t  ...  He- 
t oni-.n  s  an  '•  -  -  ,„„„.thin-  uitlun  hi.n  als..  whispered 
S::^.::ll';:!;*d:^inUe..adearriedtheKn.wled.^^ 

God  aeross  tlie  great  and  gh.on.y  waters.  , .  ,  „^,,  ,,^  .^ 

-PU.  h>nf.-  uTul  painful  preparatory  eih.rts        ^  ^^^^^^^ 
interest  Europe  in  his  mighty  enterprise  would   at    his  da> 
^^^.nost\neredi..le.     To  lind  a  <.onti.u..t   he  besou^  t 
kin  s  and  nation,   for  a  ship  or  two.  and  they  relused  h   n. 
WirU    ru.  patriotism  he  made  his  first  applirat.on  t..  the 
l;:t.  or  hii  native  (..noa      ^^  was  refused      ;.    ..dea..s 
too  new  to  be  grasped  by  the  senators  <.i  the     I  it>    »>>  tiie 
len -^.nl   liev  pu'.de.l  the  poverty  ..f  their  exehecp.er,  and 
Zn  de  Un    C.dumbns   the  praise  of  orig  nahty      It  was 
'n'ine        ev  said,  in  the  airhives  <.f  their  .-ity  tha    two  no- 
bl^  I^munl,  two  hundred  years  before,  had  sailed  lor  .he 
west,  and  never  were  heard  of  again. 


ciiitisT()riii:n  to/. i  win i 's. 


•M 


iicnt  \\\\i'W 
lildis  ri«iin 
lily  ;::iiiu'(l 
and  i'l'iit'l 
iiiil)ns  lu'st 

iiitr  •.i;^iiiii"^t 
ii«'  iijiiiiiist 
I  smut'  <'<>u- 

lllilM  ililll'  il, 
lilt   tlioll-illt 

:v.  wliiU'  iill 
is  niaiilK'tid 

I  cairy  liim 

1'  iiiiiiiilt'il  11 
f  siililiiiiity. 
of  Heaven, 
lit  (if  a  hi.iili 
(1  discovery 

II  darkly  ia 
ends  of  tlio 

nations  and 
r  of  the  He- 
<o  wlusjieitMl 
ulowU'ilge  of 

rolnnd>us  to 
at  this  day, 
he  l)eson,u'ht 
refused  Inni. 
•ation   to  the 
The  idea  was 
•City  by  the 
Lcheciuer,  and 
ility.     It  was 
■  that  two  no- 
sailed  for  the 


Our  hero  tuvnod  t(»  \'enice.  A  i)ollte  refusal  was  his  only 
jaiHwer. 

From  Neiiicc  Ih>  paid  a  visit  to  his  father  at  Savoiia  in 
147(1.  ami  from  his  own  sleinler  means  did  his  best  to  liel|) 
the  old  man,  then  seventy  yeais(»f  age,  and  weighed  down 
by  a<'eumiilafed  misf(»rtnnes. 

Me  next  directed  his  ste])s  to  Lisbon.  ]*ortunal  was  at 
that  lime  unih'r  .lohn  II.,  an  active  and  enteiprising  priiu-e; 
iind  when  Vnsco  de  (Jama,  the  famous  I'ortnguese  naviga- 
tor was  on  the  jioint  of  discovering  the  sea  loute  to  India  by 
rounding  the  Cape  of  (lood  Hope.  Columbus,  convinced  that 
lie  could  Iind  a  wider  and  more  direct  path  by  going  straight 
forward  towards  the  \v<'st,  obtaiiu'd  after  a  tedious  ai)plica- 
ti(»n,  .'in  audience  of  the  king,  in  order  to  unfold,  once  more, 
liis  pr<tjects<tf  discovt'iy,  and  solicit  the  means  of  canying 
them  (Mit  lor  the  advantage  <tf  the  state.' 

.lohn  listened  with  iiiterest.  Striu'k  with  the  b(»l<luess  of 
the  scheme,  he  leferred  it  t(t  a  jnnlo  of  men  of  science.  It 
was  ti'eated  by  tlu'iii  with  contemjit,  ;is  extravagant  and 
visionary.  The  king,  however,  was  not  satisli^'d  with  their 
decision.  He  desired  the  o))iiii(»n  of  his  pi  ivy-counselors, 
siniong  wlutni  were  some  of  the  most  learned  men  of  tlu^ 
kingdom.  Their  oi)i)r;on  was  ecpially  unfavorable  with  that 
of  the  junto.  Certain  of  the  counsellors,  howev<'r,  seeing 
that  the  king  .still  retained  an  inclination  for  the  enterprise, 
devised  a  i)lan  by  which  it  might  be  secretly  ]>ut  to  the  test, 
without  publicly  committing  the  dignity  of  the  crown,  in 
Avhat  they  considered  a  mere  fantasy.  Procui'ing  from  C(tl- 
nnd)Us  a  detailed  ]»lan  of  his  ])roposed  voyage,  and  the 
charts  by  which  he  intended  to  shai)e  his  cour.se,  they  i)ri- 
vately  disi)atched  a  caravel,  or  small  vessel,  to  pursue  the 
designated  route. 


'  IMIi'clioiis  iiiiim  llio  iirK'crliiinty,  tlic  ilant'iT,  iiivl  tcdiinisnoss  of  thiil  coiirsf  wtiicli  the  Porlil- 
Biio.-iMvciciMir-iiint'.  natiiriill.v  li'd  Ciilumbiis  to  roii^iiliTwhclhrrasliortiT  and  niorcilirci  t  |l,■l■'^al;e 

to  llif  Ka^t  indies  niiirlit  nnl  lie  f nl  ont.     After  rcvohin;.'  lona  and  MTioni^ly  every  eirenni>lanri? 

Kni;i.'i''-led  liy  hi- sup.rior  kn()\vledf,'e  in  llie  llieory,  as  well  as  praetire  (if  naviiialiim;  after  cMini- 
paring  attenti\ely  the  oliservatinns  of  modern  pilots  willi  llie  hints  aial  conjeciKres  of  ancient 
iKilhors.  he  at  last  conelnded,  tliat  liy  sailiii;.'  directly  towards  the  west,  nciiiss  the  Atlantic  ocean, 
new  countries,  w  Inch  prolmbly  formed  a  part  of  the  great  continent  of  India,  must  infallilily  be 


discuwrt.il.—Iioierli'on. 


«l  rnmsTOPiiKit  coLLMni's. 

Tlu.  rnrav.'l  t<u.k  its  d.'i'artuiv  ficni  tlin  Cape  de  Vwlrt 
islniKls  iiii.l  stood  westward  for  s.'v.'ral  days.  Tli.'  w.-atlu'r 
mvwstorniv:  tl.c  pilots,  liavit.-  no  /.•a!  to  stimulate  tlimi 
andsrein-notliiai;  Lata  waste  of  wild  tumhlinj,^  waves  still 
exteiidiii-'  before  tlieiii,  lost  all  coura^re,  and  returned  t<. 
LisLon,  ri.liculins  the  |.roje.-t  as  extrava-ant  a.id  irrational, 
lint  it  was  not  an  ."nterprise  t..  l.e  earri.Ml  out  sureesslul  y 
bv  ,n-n  who  had  <mlv  stohMi  the  hh-a  of  it.  It  returned  th.^ 
dauntless  spirit  of  a  true  hero  to  triumph  over  the  terrors  ot 
the  Atlantic  and  cut  his  way  to  a  new  heinisphere! 

Wh.-n  ColMinbus  learned  the  base  atteini-t  that  ha<l  been 
luiide  to  d.'fraud  him  (.f  his  enterprise,  he  renounced  all 
rurlher  m-otiali..ns  with  the  crown  of  Portugal.  Ami  as  il 
to  add  to'  his  trials,  at  this  time,  death  snatched  away  his 
(hsir  l)..ria  F.'lipita,  his  love  and  his  consolatiim.  She  was 
that  sweet  and  noble  nmii.anion  whose  sm.les.  like  rays  ol 

sunli'dit.  had  illumin.'.l  his  ] r  home,  lit  up  his  hmely 

path,  and  enc..uraije<l  all  his -rand  <'nterprises;  but  now  she 
WIS  m.  more  in  this  world.  "Columbus,"  writes  the  Count 
de  L;.riiUe>.  -  lemained  silent  and  looked  ni>  to  Ileav.-n. 

The  death  of  his  wife  dissolved  the  last  tie  that  bound  him 
to  I'ortuiial.  Takinjihis  little  son,  .lames,  by  the  hand,  he 
sliook  the  verv  dust  from  his  ieet,  and  turned  his  back  upon 
a  country  which  had  treated  him  with  such  meanness  and 
little  faith.     This  was  at  the  close  of  the  year  l-tS4. 

lie  sailed  at  .Mice  for  (^eiioa,  and  solii'itously  pressed  his 
ojl'er  for  the  second  time  upon  the  (Jovernment  of  his  native 
city,  but  the  11e<>t  of  the  Uei)ublic  was  iv(piired  for  home 
service  and  not  a  vessel  could  be  spared.  It  was  at  this 
time  he  took  the  little  dames  to  .see  liis  grandfather. 

Columbus  now  cast  his  eyes  around  the  European 
tlmmes.  Tin,'  Christian  spirit  of  Spain  and  her  ].ower  <»u 
sea  seemed  to  hold  out  hope  of  the  help  he  sou.Liht.'^  His 
arrival  in  Spain  is  scarcely  less  mysterious  than  his  lirst 


»  \- 1„.  Imd  aln.mh- ..s-iMTirn.r,l  ll.r  nnnTIain  !■<-.,.■  of  apvlicitlon  t..  kiiiu-  :-ii.1  inini'  -rs.  ,u! 
,.„,k  th..  pr,riinti.m  of  «.n,lin.'  i.m.  Kn-l.,,.!  hi.  Im-thrr  IMrt„olo„H.w.  to  «l,o,n  hr  lu.l  1„  y  .om. 
,„„„i,.,,„.(l  l.U  i.ln.-.  in  or,l..r  that  Mr  ...id.t  i,.-oli,.t-.  at  ll,r  sti.f  l.tac.  «il  .  l.nrv  \  II.,  «l.o 
vva-  r.i.»l.<l  one  "f  llif  "."'•t  «iSiicioti^  iw  wdl  iih  oimli^i.t  i.rh.cc:-  in  Ki.rol...-/..* ''«'". 


CUIilsTOPlIKH  (OlA'MliVS. 


ya 


(le  Vhi'(1»> 
('  wciithcr 
\\W  tlitni, 
vnvcs  still 
hini»'(l  lo 
iriMlioinil. 
(Tcssl'iiUv 

terrors  of 

li!i<l  Ihh'II 
)iiin'<'tl  nil 
And  as  if 
L  jnvay  liis 
She  WHS 
ke  rays  ol" 
his  lonely 
111  now  she 
till'  Count 
If'avcri." 
hound  him 
('  hand,  he 
back  upon 
mnu'ss  and 
<A. 

pr(>ss('d  his 
■  his  native 
1  for  honui 
v;is  at  this 
H'r. 

European 
V  ]io\vcr  oil 
u,tiht."  His 
an  his  lirst 


mid  iiiinWi'rs.  lie 
I  he  IiikI  I'lilly  cijiii- 
li  Henry  VII.,  «lio 


landinix  in  I'ortuirah  ITc  is  flrsf  ht'ai'<l  of  as  a  wanderer  nsl<- 
inu'  for  a  little  hread  at  the  ^aite  of  the  Fiaiieiscan  Convent 
(»f  La  Kalnda,  close  to  the  small  seaport  town  (»r  I'alos,  in 
Andalusia.  He  had  his  <lear  little  hoy  with  him,  and  was 
on  his  way  to  Huelva  to  see  a  sister-in-law,  with  whom,  in 
spite  ol'  her  ]»ovelty,  he  no  dollht,  wished  to  leave  tile  child. 

Father  ,)olm  Terez,  the  (iiiardian  of  the  Convent,  found 
his  friend.  Dr.  (hirclu  lIernan<le/„  the  physician  of  tlie 
house,  in  conversation  with  the  sfraiiirer  on  the  porch.  8onie 
p)od  amrel  had  certainly  guided  Columhns  to  jja  Hal>ida, 
foi-  l''athei  Perez  was  no  ordiiiai'y  man.  Theii^  was  scarcely 
imotheriii  Spain  so  well  prepared  by  nature  and  study  to 
ai)|>reciate  the  i>reat  thouji,hts  of  that  singular  mendicant. 

Fathei'  Perez  had  ln'cn  the  confessor  of  (^Uecil  !s;d)ella, 
hut  a  Couit  lil'(!  was  less  t(»  his  likln^j;  than  relirenient  and 
study.  His  love  for  mathematics  and  rosmo^naphy  was 
only  the  handmaid  of  his  zeal  for  souls,  lie  loii<,^ed  for  the 
discovery  of  new  lan<ls,  in  older  that  Christ  miuht  he 
])reached  to  more  men,  and  with  liim,  as  with  Columbus  at 
I'orto  Santo,  the  place  of  his  abode  was  well  suited  to  feed 
his  restless  imaf,dnation  ami  his  (.'hristiaii  hopes,  lie  had 
built  a  kind  of  oliservatory  on  the  roof  of  his  monastery, 
and  h"' spent  nmcli  of  his  s))are  time  in  contemp!atiii,t,Mhe 
stars  i)y  iiiuht  and  fhe  sea  l)y  day.  Did  that  wide  and  gloomy 
ocean  leally  bound  tht;  world,  or  liad  it  a  further  shoie  witli 
races  of  men  to  be  evan,:;elize(P  There  was  inlinite  io(>m 
fur  sprcuhition  wh.ere  all  was  conjecture.  Some  cosmo,!^- 
rapheis  thought  that  it  could  be  sailed  across  in  three 
years,  and  simie  thouj?ht  it  was  of  indelinite  extent.  Father 
Perez  had  reached  the  advanced  stage  of  venturini;  to  doubt 
the  impracticability  of  a  voyaije  across,  when  C«ilumbiis  aj)- 
jieai-ed  at  his  convent  <iate,  and  soon  the  doubt  of  an  alleired 
imjiossibility  pive  place  to  the  ardent  desire  of  an  a<'tual 
accomplishment. 

From  the  first  flie  Father  fJuardian  was  a  irood  fiiend. 
He  made  Columbus  liv».'  at  his  convent  till  a  favoralile  oj)- 
l)ortunity  should  ])resent  itself  foi-  laying  his  ]>lans  brfoiv 
Ferdinand  an<l  Isabella;  and  we  cannot  doul)t  that  it  was  at 


'   ,  ainisToi'jiKii  coi.iMiii's. 

this  ,HM-l<Klc.r  bis  lifH  tlmt  th."  futuiv  ^Mvat  .lisr<,v.r..r  no- 
lui-Wtln.  astonishing  an,.ain,an. >'''  ^'«'-'  '"^V;;;;    .^f 

.,s  ana  .lo..ors  or  ,1H.  .Innta  or  Salan.nn-a  |M.nn.ns  .v^^^ 
„   ,  sailor  H  e.luration.     Ti...-.  is  no  n-onl  1.ovn..u...  o    Is 
,.„„,,.,„„niir.-.  for  n.ost  ,.nfo,runat.-ly  tl..-  anl.nos  ot   I. 

;:ia:^.H.isln.M  uttHly  in  sonu.  n.volu.ion  ..r   ^ 
,,,,,,nv    tin.  lil.nuy  In-in^-  piih.p.d  an.l  tin-  n.annsr.M.ts  .1.- 
v..;i.  an.l  tin.  .-ouvhU  its.ir  was  tinally  al.ndo.n-.l  -..     - 
s„n;„vssion  or  .vliu^ions  !n.ns.siu  1S:U;   In.t  .t  ,s  .,o  unt   . 
snnnis.  tin.t  In'  spHit  his  time  in  .vli^n<nls  i.n-pa.atn.n  ioi 

'''Fatli'l-lW  Inulan  intln.-ntial  f.im.l  at  Conrt   a    lli.M- 

onvnul...  Fatln.r  lA-nlinan.l  dr  Talav.-ra,  Pnor  ot  nr  La-ly 
r  P  a.loat  Valhnh.li.l.  Conr-ssor  to  tin-  i^,n.r  an.K^n-n.  a 
:,;"orh>an.in,.andvi.tn,.;  an.l  h-  l'.;l.  that  .n  ...n.tu- 
u.n.lin-^  Coln.nhns  to  tlu'  int.-nvssion  ..1   snrh  a  man     In- 

"      ann.st.t>snnn.Mln.  sn.r.ssmi  issu.  of  h.s  a,.p  .'-..on. 

l^H,  th.  h.a,..i.Vi.  of  tin.  IVtor  or  lVa<lo  was  no     unlu.  n.^^^ 

„,,.ra,.hi.al  lin.,  and  lu-  was  at  all  tinn-s  unw.ll.ng  to  i-ush 
Ills  i-i"lit  or  iiatrona^i'.  ^        , 

Tl,;  iHt.M  or  Fath.-r  Peivz,  it  s.etns.  only  sefv.a  to  sln.w 
^1,,,  i„.  i.in.soir  had  t.M.  mnlily  ass.nt.'.l  to  tln>  dn-ains  of 
l.is   ntdan.wn   .nthnsiast.  and  Tahnm,  had   no   nnnd   to 
ist  th..  d.lusion,     11.  list.n.d  with  i...;f.rt  i.ol,t..u-ss  to 
th..  exi.lanati.ms  of   0>lnndn.s,  Imt  lu>  dnl  ...t  in  .nd     t 
that  tinuunorevartirnlarly.  wh.n  tlM^'/t.-ntn-u  <.l     !.•;  -  ; 
,.,,i,.Hs  was  ,.on,-.ntrat.d  on  tla^  Moorish  war   to  a  h.u  anv 
Mh:dn.an,s   to  n.ol.st   th.ir  sarr.d  ears.     <';>!'>-  '-;:;'; 
iu.li.h'ss.  and  had  to  fall  bnck  upon  cah.irraphy  nnd  niap- 
„,,l\in.   for  Ids  snpport.     This  was  at  (N.rdova   w  u-re  the 
sov.-n-i-ns.  alwavs  in  movement,  happened  tlieii  t.    he. 
'    It  was  ,lurinf."this  painful  suspense  that  Columous  mar- 
ried a  vuns  ladv  of  rank.  Dona  Beatrix  Enrique/,  who 
lecame"  the  mother  cf    his  son,    and  future  bu>grapher, 
Fernando. ^ 

The  cdl  of ....  Ku.h.r  0..ardiau  wa.  c^pccally  cared  U>r.--Mt/ur  huvjhU  ^.  J- 


VlimsTUl'limi  rUL LMLL;^. 


aft 


sc()V»M'('r  110- 

o^'V  iliul  tilt' 
t(»  tin'  Itisli- 

lI'ifMlS  I'CSllIt 

•(.vn-.  nl"  liis 

•hivt'S   nl"    li!) 
ihc    pli'st'Mt 

luscripts  (Ic- 

Idiicd  "111  ilu' 

is  ii«>  tmriiir 

■pariititiii  lor 

urt.  :i  llifT- 
(,f  Our  Lii'ly 
iiiil  (v>ii<'<'M.  a 
:it  in  I'fci mi- 
ll a  tiKin.  lit' 
<  Mjiplicali'tii. 
it  in  till'  cos- 
illiiig  l<»  Itusli 

•rvcd  to  sliow 
ht'  (Irt'ains  of 
no   iniiul    to 
jiolitciit'ss  to 
not  inttMul  at 
[)U  ol"  the  sov- 
to  allow  any 
'oliniil)Us  was 
)hy  aiitl  map- 
iva.  where  the 
'11  t'    lie. 
'olnnit'iis  mai*- 
^un(luez.  who 
•e  biographer, 


rmsHTy  and  the  churcli. 
t,  a.  J. 


''She  was,"  wi'ites  DeLorgues,  *•  of  high  descent.  Tfer 
birth  far  siirjiassed  her  fortune,  and  lier  beaiily.  Iierbiilli. 
She  was  .lained  l*>ealiix.  'I'liis  name  so  niiieli  loved  by 
Haute,  seemed  to  have  been  ni;ide  foi'  nil  Italian.  Dofui 
Heatrix  iCiirii|ue/  belonged  f{(  the  n(»b|e  house  of  Alalia, 
one  of  the  most  aiieieiii  ramilies  of  Cnrdovo.  in  which  virtue 
was  transmiitt  d  by  ii;;ht  of  birth,  :ind  wliich,  notw  iilisiiiml- 
iiig  its  little  oidileiice.  enjoyed  that  respectability  whi<'li 
riches  alone  can  never  confer." 

This  young  lady  wfnild  not  have  bi'eii  willing  to  niairy 
a  pool'  man  and  a  foreiiiiier,  who  to  less  geneious  soiils 
appealed  no  lietter  than  a  needy  adventurer  <ir  nil  eccen- 
tric visionary,  unless  she  hatl  recei\ed  from  Heaven  lui- 
iisnal  ]>ower  of  disceining  real  merit;  and  she  wnnld  never 
have  carried  into  ellVct  the  marriage  with  (.'oliimbiis  in  the 
face  of  all  the  opjtosition  and  ridicule  which  she  could  not 
fail  to  encounter  from  her  kinsmen  of  the  powerfid  .\ianii 
family,  unless  she  liad  Ici  n  <  ndoued  with  that  lofty  spirit 
and  strong  will,  which  are  iinkmiwn  to  cold  and  feeble  na- 
tures. Poverty  and  aii.xiety  could  never  vnl^iarize  Col- 
nnibiis.  aixl  a  noble,  kind  hearted,  and  soieewliat  romantic 
iiirl  ndiiht  <'asilv  lind  him  worth  loving. 

lit  r-* 

ilis  marriage  did  not  change  liis  plans.  ^VIlen  he  found 
that  'I'alaveia  was  a  hindrance,  not  a  lielji,  lie  wrote  with  his 
own  hand  a  chaiacteii.siic  letter  to  tlie  king. 

"Most  Si;i;i;M';  IMmnck: 

I  have  been  engaged  in  navigation  from  my  jouth. 
Vi)\'  nearly  forty  years  have  !  voyaged  on  the  seas.  I  havt^ 
visited  nearly  all  the  known  (piarters  of  tin*  world,  and  have 
conversed  v.itli  a  great  number  of  leained  men-  with  eccles- 
iastics, seculars,  Latins,  (ireeks,  and  ](ersons  of  all  kinds  of 
I'eligion.  I  have  accpiii'ed  some  knowledge  of  navigation, 
astronomy,  ami  geometry:  and  am  sufliciently  expert  in  de- 
signing the  chart  of  the  eartli,  to  ])lace  the  cities,  rivers,  and 
mountains  in  their  correct  situations.  To  the  stmly  of  works 
on  cosmography,  liistory  and  philosopliy,  I  liave  also  ap- 
plied myself.     At  present,  I  feel  strongly  urged  to  undertake 


■(ir 


•,w 
t 


riinisToriiKR  col r.)rni'S. 


,„.  ais...,v..ry  .  r  ^'in«.s;  niHl  I  rnm.  ^<'  N'";;  ''-^'"^ 

r.,  .u,M.li.-at;  y..  avur  my  .nfrpn-.-.     '"='    '  ":7;    " 

h.,,ritwill  turn  i.  m.-Miai.  al.«,  '  .Inuht  „..t;  1m.  .  no.. 
IIi,.hn..ss  will  niv.'  nw  th.  nirnns  of  rx.-cntmu.  U.  !•■  ti... 
„l,.st:.rl..s  I...  what  tlu-yniay,  1  h..^  '" '"'  "'''''  '"  '"■■''^"  " 

"^'''hi  this  stvh'.  firm,  manly,  .•..n.'isfs  ana  st rai -lit f. .nvi.nl- - 

a  stH.'  in  w hid.  facts  tnk."  tla-  \A: <.r  nv..!.    wv  .set-  shin- 

l„„."r,,rth  the  sulia  niii.a  ..!•  Cl.iistoi.h.T  ('(.Inml'iis. 

Of  this  h.ttrrn..  nnti.v  was  taU.'U.  Ih-  s.^Mv.-.h-a,  l.mv- 
..v(..-.  in  n.aUin-tla'aoinaintan.vnf  Antnnh.  (Jr.aia.ni.  Im- 
„,.M-lv  l»apal  N.....Mn,  who  ;,t  thr  ^.a-n's  .v.,n.-st  l.a.l  .v- 
nn-,,:-a  to  Sjn.in  to  In.  intur  to  h.r  .-la^st  aa..,^ht....,  :.na  wa 

by  hi...  i..t..Ml.i(va  to  the  great  Carainal  M.-n.lo/a,  (.rami 
l'"h:.n('('ll(>.' of  Castilf. 

-n,..  UcHMi  I'y.'  of  Nr.-na../a  v.To.:niz."<l  :.t  on.'.,  tin-  ."Xtn.oi- 
aini.ry  n..'.it  of  C..l...nl>us,  ana  ho  Mt  it  a  .l.ity  to  <.l>tain  lor 

''' N,7!vithshM.aintr  th..  i.oovn..ss  ..f  his  .In-ss,  ana  his  f.Mvi^n 
..nvnt.  Colnn.l.ns  npiH-an..!  l...fo.v  th.^  s..v.t.'.-.,s  ..I  M-am 
V.ihoat  h..sitati.>n  or  :.uUwa..l...-ss.     Th.  nat.v.>  .l.,;n.ty  <.l 
hisni.aa.l  .l.-  pa.v  ..f  his  .l.i>..rtn...nt   to^vtinuMv.th  tl.o 
,,,,,,,,.  n„.,iliarity..f  his  lan-na-.-,  won  th.'.r  att.'Ut.on.     lln 
.p.,k..  with  th..  r..nn.h.n<'.'  of  ......  wl...  1......l:s  h,s_  niast.-rs 

,;„„,.  „un.  th..y  .-an  ^iv..  hin.  in  r..t..rn.     -  In  ih.nk...^'  wi.a 
I  n.s-  !..'  wn.t.'at  ah.l..r  i....i<.a,  -  I  was  ov..rwh..ln..'.l  with 

l„„;,iii;v;  l.nt  in  r..m.M..l...i-in- what  I  l......^;ht,  I  l-"»<   '['X- 

M.ir  ...n'.al  to  .•n.wn.'.l  h.'a.ls.     1  was  n..  l..n,^^..r  n.ys..lt.  bat 
tl,..instr..n...nt  <.f  (j..<l,  .•h..s,.n  an.l  n.ark,.a  (.at  to  a.r...... 

itlish  a  vast  .l.'siirn."  .         , 

H,.  s.M.k..  t..  tl...m  ..f  -s...-vin.-  ..nr  Lo.a,  spn-aam-  th.^ 
la...wle'l-..  ..f  His  na.vu.  an.l  ih..  li^ht  ..f  failh  a.n..n,-  ...any 

n-.tions"'      \W   ha.l   h.'hl  <.nt   t..n.i....al  n...tiv.-s   f.   t.^nipt, 

(i.Mu.a  ana  Veni.v,  pn.a.isi...;  t..  h.al  th..ir  n....rl.ants  l-y  a 

short...-  path  t..  th..  si.i.v--n,v.-s  ..i'  (ii..  .'ast.Mn  wo.1.1.     I  -r- 
Jni.s  h..  th..UL;ht  that    Isab-'lhi  was  h^ss  nn.iv..naiy,_  ..r  p.'i'- 
ha  .s   his  «tay  with   the   F.an.iscans  ha.l  n.a.l..  hi...  ...ore 

unuo.l.lly.      N.,w,   the  .erviee  oi    U.M  evi.leutly  lieia  iho 


cmusToriiKR  co/.iwrnrs. 


m 


j     I  lllISC    \\  ll'> 

liiit   il"  your 

f  it,  It't  tli«' 

til  iir.ikt'  it 


litroiwMid    - 

we  SL'L'   ^lnll- 

lis. 

•crdcfl,  ll(»\V- 

iiiiltlini.  loi'- 

llCSt     lliltl    K'- 

itci',  :iii<l  was 
i(l(»Z!i,  Unmd 

the  I'Xtnior- 
to  ((l)laiu  fur- 
id  his  fui-ciLjii 
,iis  <>l'  Siiaiii, 
vo  dignity  of 
lior  with  tlic 
ttcniion.  n»! 
*  Ins  masters 
liiukiu.Li'  what, 
kvliclnit'd  wit!) 
!  fiiiind  iiiy- 
r  niysclt'.  but 
)Ut  to  at't'oin- 

^prcadiim'  tlm 
anittii.ti'  niaiiy 
vcs  to  ti'inpt 
crchaiits  l\v  a 
1  world.  I'l'V- 
'uary.  or  ]i<'r- 
mW  liim  more 
■uily  lu'ld  tha 


first  iilart'  In  his  rstcfiii,  ntid  (hat  is  n  polnf  ton  llulitly' 
jiassfd  over  l>y  most  writris  <t\\  ( 'ohiml'iis,  {•<aln'|la  sfciiis 
from  llial  iuoiii«>nt  to  liavc  <>iit(->rtaiti*>d  an  <-iii|iusii;Mti('  t'S- 
tt't-m  for  Coliimltiis.     Slic  was  ins  frinid  for  life. 

iM-rdiiiaiid.  with  liis  iismd  raiitio?i,  commissioned  'i'alavera 
to  cmII  a  council  of  learned  nwu  to  eNandne  into  llie  cuse. 
'I'lie  ( oiirl  was  then  at  Salamanca,  ti  place  of  ji'i-eat  leaininy:. 
To  the  council  were  summoned  all  the  men  of  .science  (  r  llie 
I'niversily  of  Salamanca,'  piofcss(»rs  present  and  past.  They 
met  in  the  Donduicaii  Convent  of  St.  Stephen. '  l-'allnr  .lohii 
I'ercz,  uniiappily,  was  not  ojic  of  the  hoard,  and  llie  chief 
cosmo^rapher  of  Spain,  .lames  l-'erjer,  the  learned  lapidary 
(if  Mur;i;os,  was  alisent  in  tiie  I'last. 

'I'alavera  was  not  (pnte  the  president  Columl'U'^  would 
have  chosen,  and  all  came  disposed  to  juduc  liaishly  of  a 
man  who  in  his  pride  jirelVrred  ids  own  conclusions  to  iln' 
united  learnint;  of  mankind.  .As  every  liody  knows,  many 
silly  olijectioiis  were  made.  'I'.'Xts  from  Scripture  and  (he 
I'^adiers  were  (pio(ed  (o  disproNc  the  roundness  of  (he  curih, 
and  (he  e.\is(ence  of  men  w  it  li  their  feet  idiovc  ihcir  lie;ids. 
Some  thon,u'lit,  with  Seneca. (hat  theocmn  mii^hi  tuin  oui  lo 
lie  inlinite;  sume  were  inclined  (o  judue  Py  appt  nrance.  nnil 
deemcil  it  p.i.ssdile  io  descend  the  western  slope.  Pul  hope- 
less to  flind)  \\\)  tlie  liill  of  waters  on  the  voyage  hack.  In 
short,  too  ninny  of  tlie  learned  ('(immissioners  sIiowimI  ;i 
;j,-reat  deal  of  childish  coid'iision  of  (houtihl  upon  siihjects 
which  liad  formed  no  part  of  (heir  sdidies.  As  his  son  f'ei'- 
nando  drily  reinaiks.  "'TIk'  more  powc.iul  the  Admiral's 
reasons  weie,  the  h'ss  they  undeistood  them  through  their 
i;a,noraiu'e;  for  when  a  man  iriows  old  upon  ill  ]iriii'iples  in 
mathematics,  he  cairnot  conceive  tlie  true  cau.se  of  (he  false 
notions  imprinted  in  his  nund." 

Colnmliiis  was  likewi.se  a  little  lianijiered  in  his  answers 
by  his  iesolv(^  not  to  be  too  minute  in  relatin;,^  his  ]i1ans 
for  fear  of  exposing  himself  a  second  time  to  the  perliil- 


'  .M  Ilia?  timo,  iK'arly  f.OOO  i-tiuloulf  hiul  their  Ilam(.'^'  rrKi^liTiil  on  tliu  liooks  of  llie  I'uivc  r>ily 
(if  SaliiTnimc!!. 

'•"It  was  III  November,  1480.  ,. 


ns 


niiiisnn'iihii  < "/. i  unrs. 


inns  tiviiliiu'tif  li"  had  rxpfiifiinMl  riniii  KlniT  .Tolm  of 
rniliiuni;  l)iit  lit'  <lis|.l!iy.'<l  miirvflluiiH  »'iii<iitiuii  <»l'  an 
miPXlJ-n.^.l  kiii.l,  aii.l  s.-.-inr-l  to  liav  tli.-  uiiliiijrH  .if 
til..   pliih.supli.Ts    and    l-'atlh-rs   ..I'    ili.-    Cliiinli   at    r.^dy 

coinitiaiid. 

His  •s.'iisp  ui'  111!"  irnmdcnr  and  lli«'  sacr.'diwss  ut'  ih.'  ransf 
fur  wliicli  li.'  i-I.Md.'d.  iiinviisrd  tlip  iiiiiiv.- diuiiiiy  nf  liixlf- 
„„..,,„„•;  and,  wli.-ii  from  t.'.lini.iil  n-plirH  Im-  pass.-d  tuili.. 
..xi.nsiii..naiid  .'lii.ilatii.n  of  lli.'^ivat  tliciiulit  wliirli  p.n- 
sfss.'d  Ills  sold,  hf  iMMcat  uiic.'  lo  III.-  I'lill  Md.liiiiiiy  n|'  tli.' 
III. 'III.',  and  in  wniiN  to  wliirli  stionu  c.nvirtion,  l.as.'d  upon 
linnian  slndy  and  c.niplftfd  1>y  sn|M'inatniiil  faiili,  ^iay.' 
fonv  an<l  L.-iinty.  la-  tri.-d  to  sliou  lliat  Ills  i.!'o|M.siil  was  in 
harmony  with  tin'  ndnd  of  th.' Clmnli.  and  la-  <laimrd  f.>r 
it  Ih"'  siincti..n  of  inoplircy.  His  .'l.Min.'n.v  and  l.'ainin;j,' 
t.M.k  his  jnd.i;''s  l.y  siii|.iis.>.  bnl  la-  <inilf  I'ail.-tl  to  (■..nviiav 
thf  uiviiti-r  |>art  oi'  th.-m;  i'oi'  it  was  not  i.>  l>..  .•xiM'ct.-d  that 
II  lilfLmLi;  invjiiiliiv  of  l.'siiiM-d  ni.'n  w.mld  yidd  to  a  ffW 
st'iisilth'  an.l  wfll  diiv.'tcd  woi'ds. 

Till'  Dominican   Faila'is.  in  whos.-  h<»us.'  ili.'  conr.'irnct's 
AVer.'  h.'ld,  wen'  almost  aloiii«  in  tlirir  f;ivoi'.ilil«'  jmluim-nt  of 

his.-ans.';  and  th.-y  als..,  tla)ii,-ii  tl xaminali...i  last.'.l  lonu. 

gvn<fonsly  .Miti'i  lain.'d  him  all  th"  tini.'.  and  "V.-n  paid  th.' 
rxp.'iisi's  of  his  j.inna-y.  Fatlar  Di. '.•;<•  «h'  I><'/.a,  ().  P., 
th.'ii- liist  I'rofi'ssor  of  'ila-olouy,  wiis  (■..iiH)h'tt"ly  ('onvinnvl 
l.v  till-  iviisoniny- of  ("olnnilms,  and  .uaincd  ov.'i'tht'  h'adin.m 
iiIpii  of  the  I'niv.'isity.  I'.nt  th.'  majoiity  v..l.'d  th.' proji'cr 
rhinn'iiral,  whil.' tin-  ivst  thoii.iiht  it  sfiiir.'ly  i.raclical.  and 
tht'  council  bfokc  np  with  no  vciy  <h'linil<'  d.-claiation  at 
th.'  lime,     lifl'oic  th iniu'il  dispcis.-d  the  Cant  had  left 

Salamani-a. 

Oil.'  cous.'.picncc.  at  all  events,  was  th.'  increased  consid- 
ciMiion  for  a  man  who  had  jriveii  so  much  trouble.  He  was 
reuarded  henceforth  as  an  inii)ortant  p.'ison.  Several  tini.'s 
li.Mvjis  sammoncd  t<»  court,  his  expenses  l)ein!';  paid.  This 
is  s.'eii  in  the  accounts  of  the  royal  treusiirer.  At  tin  dal." 
of  May  .Mil.  14S7.  we  read:  "Pay  riiristopher  Colnnilms,  a 
forrh/inr,  three  thousand  maravides,  for  things  done  in  the 


ciiiiisToriiKn  cor. i.Miirs. 


:<;> 


iir  .Tolin  of 

ilidli    <il'    ;it) 
UlilillUH    nf 

li   ill    it'iuly 

of  till'  rini>t' 
tV  nf  Ilis  (If- 

iiMst'il  to  I  Id* 
iiiiiiy  ni'  tlu' 

lilisnl   tl|iiin 

I'liiili,  ^iivf 
[Misjil  \v:is  ill 

cliiiiiH'il  for 
iiid  Ifiiiiiiti;^' 

lu  cunviiK't' 
xpccli'il  fliiit 
•id  to  ;i   IVvv 

COllft'l't'IK't'S 

jllilu'lllt'llt  of 

I  liisifil  loiitr. 
\i'ii  |i:ii(l   till' 

l»r/;i.    ().     r.. 

•ly  ('oiiviiK't'il 
r  tilt'  lt'ii<liii,u' 
(I  tlif  ]ii'oji'('r 
il';ictic:il,  illlil 
(•(•|ill:itioii  ;it 
olirt  li:i(l  Ifft 

onsf'l  consid- 

l)l«'.  lit'  WMS 
St'Vfl'ill    tilMt'S 

li  iiaitl.     Tliis 

At  lilt-  (latf 

("oliiinl»us,  i\ 

:s  (lone  in  the 


Hervlee  (.r  tlieir  lIi>4:lint'SHrs."'  On  the  tliiid  of  .Imif  follow- 
ill^^  we  liml  llint  an  etiual  mhiu  was  jiaitl  hitn  l>y  the  treas- 
urer (ion/ales. 

Mm  nothing  further  was  done.  F..r  CoIuiuImis  it  wasnu 
mi|.roiiitioiis  tiiiie.  Far  fiom  tlicaniitii;  of  the  eouipiest  t.f 
Miiuf  |iii>l)|t'iiialif  rejuioiis  Iteyoiid  iiiiKiiow  ii  seas.  Keiiliuaiitl 
and  Isahella  were  etl^xittssetl  iu  Ifrovel  ill^'  llieir  o\Mi  douiiu- 
ituis  from  the  Moors.  These  vitlorioiis  Mussulineu.  after  a 
loan' ami  iirtisperous  |iossessiou,  Ixln-ld  themselves  siri|i|ietl. 
one  hy  oiif,  of  the  towns  ami  i«ro\  luces  they  liail  a|.|.ro|>ii- 
iitedas  their  own.     In  spite  t.f  iheir  expltiits  they  weivevfiy- 

wlii'lt'  defeatetl,  UUd  wele  ntiw  compelled  to  occupy  tliemolMI- 

taiiisaiid  valleys  ai ml  (Jraiiatla,  the  Tapital  and   woiidi-r 

(»f  tlieir  empire.      Ferdiuaud  aii<l  Isahella  eiiiploye'l  all  their 
jiow.'is,  all  their  elVorts.  iiiid  the  resources  of  ilifir  iiniietl 
Uinudiuus  to  wrest  frt»m  the  Moors  thecitadi-l  of  Spain. 
I'liitt'd  l»v  a  mariiauf  of  policy  which  hive  had  sealed,  and 

w  liich  was  radiant  with  a  c miii  uloiy,  the  one  had  Iwoiivhi 

the  Kiuuiloiuof  Arrau'on.  the  other  that  of  i'astile  as  a  mar- 

riaii'e  portion  to  this  nuitm  of  crowns.     Miit  alil uh   the 

Kiiiu'  ami  (^iieen,  had  hleiidcd  their  separate  provimes  into 
one  coiintiy.  they  yet  preser\fd  a  distinct  ami  iiitlt-pcmleiit 
dominion  tiver  their  lieivditary  Uiim<|oius.  They  had  each 
a  council  ami  ministers  for  the  separate  interests  of  their 
nncieiii  persiuial  siihjecls.  These  councils  wt-re  only  imiti'd 
in  one  ctiiiimon  udvernnient  when  patriotic  interests  com- 
mon to  the  two  Kiii^tloiiis  and   the  two  .sovereiiius  we't'  at 

stake. 

Ferdinand,  a  little  ohh'r  than  Isabella,  was  an  ahle  politi- 
cian ami  an    a mplishcd  soldier.      I'lefoiv  that  aiiv  when 

hv  expi'iieiu'e  man  learns  to  know  men,  he  luul  already  di- 
vined them.  His  greatest  fault  was  a  certain  coldness  which 
spruntr  from  nnstrust,  and  which  «'losed  his  la-art  to  enthus- 
iasm and  masiuanimity. 

His  royal  ctuupanion.  however,  more  truly  deserves  our  at- 
tention and  our  admiration.     Of  all  the  illustritms  women  of 


I  The  lilli'  at  Unit  time  Rlvun  to  the  koviti'Ikiis  nf  Spiiln. 


^  cnuisroriiF.n  coi.rvnvfk 

lilstnry,  TMilx'lla  !il<>n<'  Is  liutiuii'd  \\\\\\  flu-  iM-niilifiil  tltlo 
nf  Till' i'othnlh'  ill  roliNidt'iiitiuii  of  li.T  jL'U'litllfss  mikI  illiis- 
trI.Mis  I'it'fy.     Ill  tin- iiniiah  of  ilir  past,  hfiH  Is  (Uif  til*  lliu 

ll|i;illtt'>'l    IIMIIH'H. 

In  |..-isnn  sin- was  <»r  tlio  iiii(MI<'  Ini^ilit,  an<l  wll  |ii'i|i(»r. 
fiuii.d.  SIm- lia<l  a  rji'ar,  fn-Mli  <'niiii.|..\inii,  with  li-lil  l>lii< 
fy«-siiii(l  aiilHiiii  iiair  a  sfylc  of  l«  aiiiy  cNcrfdiimly  imh'  in 
Spain.  lltT  IciilMifs  wnc  iv;uiilar  an<l  iinnitniiuinly  iM-anti- 
fill.  Tlif  illnsiuii  wliifli  aftarlu'M  lo  rank,  iin'iv  ••MptM'iiilly 
ulii'ii  imitt'il  witli  •'iiirauintr  luamifis.  mi^ilit  Irad  iis  tt»  sus- 
pect soinc  rxaimi'iati"!!  in  tln'  piaix'ssw  lilu'ially  Ia\i>ht'il 
on  litT.  Mat  tlii-y  woiiM  s.-cni  l<»  h"  in  a  Kivsit  im-iisniv  jus- 
tilled  by  tlie  pdi'iraits  that  remain  nl'  lier.  uliitli  ( ihlne  ji 

fiinltles's  .syjiiineiiy  •>!  I'eatni'i-s  with  Ningiiiai-  sueeiucfHs  iiiid 

inlelliueiiiee  (if  ,',\  pieSMiull.' 

llei'  ma  liners  were  ninst  gracious  and  iileasinsjr.  Thoy 
were  niarived  by  natiind  divinity  and  imidest  reserve,  \n\\- 
peved  In  an  alVability  wliicii  IhiwtMl  Inmi  the  kindness  of  Ii.t 
dispusitinii.  Sht*  was  the  hist  person  to  be  approached  wiiii 
undue  riirniiiarity;  yt't  fhc  respect  which  site  InipoMtl  \v:is 
min;::led  with  Ihe  stroiiuest  feeliii^is  of  (h'votion  and  love. 
She  showed  ^nvat  tact  in  acc(»mmo(bitiii^'  In'iself  to  the  pecu- 
liar sltnation  and  eharacterof  those  iinMind  her.  She  :ip- 
jteared  in  arms  ut  the  licad  of  her  troops,  and  shrunk  from 
none  of  the  hardships  »if  war.  Ibirini,'  the  reforms  intro- 
duced into  the  relijixioilH  houses,  slie  visited  the  nimiierit'S  ill 
]»ersoii.  Jakiii,!,'  her  needle  worlc  with  her,  and  passinj.''  the 
day  in  the  s^ock'ty  of  lh»umnatt's,   In  sliorf.  she^^aiiiMl  an  us- 

'  Ciinri'iniMirar.v  HiiMiiir"  Imvc  lici'u  I'lil'iii-i^clic  In  tin  Ir  ilr-rrlpilm!  nf  IhiImUii,  liii'  liiii"  \n\* 
wiiKlloiii'il  llifir  iiiliviii'-  She  li  urii'  of  llir  imri-t  iiiiil  iii<i,-l  hiaiitiful  cluiriicu  r-  in  llif  lu.u'i!-  of 
lii?-liiry.-  Ill  in;/. 

Milliiiik-  I  (Fill  »(ill  hi'i'  liiT  liciinllfiil  tniijrsllc  fm .'  Willi  linmil  Ivrow,  mid  i  li'iir  linin-l  Irr  1,11; 
)'.vc-ii»  il  li"il<"  iIdwci  iipDii  Ilii'  liiliiilcjcT  fnitii  mil'  of  tin- 1  liii|ii|«  in  Ilir  Calliidnil  nf  (iraii  iclu:  11 
C(iiiiitciii»ii(r  liioispro-ivi' am!  Iiiclivldual  In  liu  wliat  imiiilirn  >;Im' un  llial  nf  uii  aiit.'(l,  anil  .Ml 
till'  iicM  tliltiL.'  to  ll.— .V;'  Aillmr  Hi//)^. 

I-ilulla  v\.i-'  111!'  livliiL' li<r'">nllli'atiiiii  iif  tlioililvalroiH  pi'iiliiii  of  licr  llinr  anil  of  liir  iialinii. 
:<!>  lady  on  llir  llironr  jiiinid  a  Mmri'  fliin  ic  fallh  to  n  nin-l  ('oiii-uniinali'  )iriidonv.  iir  nlmiii' 
tlnrv  Willi  a  ninrc  iiimlTcrIrd  Inyalty.  A  kind  (if  liiiii'dii  Imn  npiirari'd  manifc-ily  to  alliiid  lur 
pr()j''('l«  a-"  «.ll  a^  liir  actr*.  Sliu  cniild  alwayi-  dn  wliiMi  i-lic  willid  and  f-tir  alwav'*  wnii'd  wlini  -lu> 
(iiiilil  (111.  SacccHS  rriiwiicd  all  Inr  iinilirlakin}.'!'.  Wliilc  Kiirroiindlni.'  liiT-rlf  for  lirr  k  rvii'c 
Willi  pir-dn"  (if  Itic  liiL'lii'^l  lapacily  and  nf  fiiinTc  di'Mitcdiii'HH.  (ind  willed  tliat  tin.'  wlhdniu  of 
Ikt  couiii-ils  »lioiild  rlill  siirpiisi'  lliul  of  her  counwlion.-- Count  tie  Loryiitn. 


nnusrnnit:n  rrni'Mnrti, 


iitiriii  iitio 

mikI  illiis- 
imc  til'  thii 

I'll  propor. 

Ii;.'lll    Mill 
Ul\    IMIV  ill 

Illy  lifiiiiti* 
»•^^p«•('luUy 
ns  to  MiM- 

y  hivi'oht'il 

I'ilStlH"  jils- 
rnliihilif  iV 

fliit'WM  iiiid 
\\\'^.    Thoy 

Ht'l'V**.  U'W- 
lU'Ss  of  \\vY 

[H'li«'(l  Willi 

pHM'd      UilS 

,  liiid  love. 

>  tilt*  pf'i'U- 
.       SIh'   !lp- 

liink  l'i(ii>i 
Mills  iiifro- 
uniit'ri«'s  ill 
•assiii;,''  I  Ik? 
liiivil  ail  US' 

lln,  liii<  lliii"  lull* 
fM  In  llif  pi.i.'ii'  of 

I'ar  liniii'l  111'  i.iir 
ml  i>r  (iriiiMihi:  ii 
uii  nii^'i'l,  anil  .Mt 

m<1  of  liir  iiiilldti. 
nidi'iiiv.  iir  mIkimi' 
^Ilv  to  alliiiil  liir 
»  wiiii'il  \\\\vn  -ho 
If  for  lirr  n  rvlcc 
lat  till'  wImIiiiu  of 


n'tidi'nry  (»v»'r  Ikt  fiiilMiIcnt  suhjci'tswliirli  iiukln;r'»f  Spuiii 
i'uiilil  cvtr  IxiiimI. 

Sill'  Mpokc  tlic  ('aMfiliaii  lanirn.iu't'  with  «>l<-L'iUi<f  iirnl  fnp. 
r»'«'HH'w>.  Shf  liiiil  !in  <Msy  pliuiifv  of  di-x'om.M'.vN  liitji  ||ioiij;|| 
p'llclullv  of  ii  Sfilulisi  oiiiplcxidii,  WasocciiHiotitlJIy  ^'lIMotlrd 
svitli  aufi't-aMt'  sillii's,  hoiup  of  nhirli  |iav»'  paMsed  iiiii» 
proxt'ilts.  She  n;is  rno>»|  fi'iiipfiiuf  in  In-i  ditl  M-ldoiii  oi* 
iifViT  lastiiiu  wiiir;  jind  HO  frii;:al  in  ln-r  laMc  iIimI  i  In- daily 
••\p»'iist's  for  lit'i'st'lf  and  familydid  imt  •>xn'fd  iIm'  iiiodnalc 
(^iiiii  <tf  toity  dncafM.     Sli»'  was  ♦■(|iially  simpl*'  and  i<oiiomi. 

ral  in  lii'i' apparel.     On  all  piililic  oicasjonsi,  ind j.  Aw  din- 

playt'd  a  io\al  inii^rnilicriin';  l.ia  ^ll^  had  no  rt'lisli  foi  it  \\\ 
prlvat*',  iitid  hIu-  fi»M'|y  u;avi'  away  In-r  clotlitM  ant!  ji'wrls  tis 
jnesfiits  to  lirr  friends.  N.altirally  of  a  scdalf,  ihon;;li 
••lirfifiilifiiip,  r.  s|m'  had  littlt-  la>l<'  for  lln-  frivoloir- aiiiiiM'- 
niriits  w  hich  ni:iU*>  up  so  ntui'li  of  a  coiirl  life;  and,  if  she  en. 
(•••nraKed  (liu  presence  of  ininstrels  and  nlllsieian^  in  h-r  ji.il- 
uvk;  it  was  to  weiui  lier  ynun^'  noMlily  IVnni  the  eoarser  and 

U'SS  lntt'l!e('tU:ii  plea-sMles  |o  w  llirli  they  Wel'e  addteied. 

Anioii^-  Iter  moral  tjiialities,  the  niost  coirxpieiioiis.  per. 
liaps,  wiis  lier  luan'iianimity.     She  betiayed  iiothin';-  liiiie  or 

HeUi^Il  ill  tlloL^'lll  or  aefion.  Her  sriienies  were  vas|.  ;ind 
eXeenled  in  the  .same  lioltle  spirit,  in  whieh  they  were  ('(HI. 
ceived.     She   never    eiiiployi-d   doiilitfiil  auents  or  sinister 

llieasiires,  Imf  the  most  direct  and  open  policy.      She  scoriieil 

to  avail  liersejf  of  advanlaj;es  ofl'er«'d  \^•■  the  peilidy  ol' 
(ttliei'M,  \N'here  she  had  onre  given  lier  conlidence.  slu* 
gave  he'/  hearty  and  .steady  support, and  she  was  scriiicjloiis 
to  redeem  any  p|ed;.ie  she  had  made  to  liiose  who  veiil  tiled 
in  Iter  cause,  however  nnpopular.  She  sustained  Cardinal 
Xinienes  in  all  his  ol»iio.\"ious,  Imt  salutary  reforms.  Slu* 
seconded  Colninhns  in  the  pjdsecntion  of  his  arduous  eiiter- 
jirise,  and  shiehh'd  him  from  tlie  calumny  of  his  enemies. 
Slu'  was  inca])iil)le  of  harboring  any  petty  distrust,  or  latent 
malice;  and  although  stern  in  the  execution  ami  exacti<tii  of 
jinblic  justice,  she  made  the  most  generous  allowance,  and 
even  .sometimes  advances,  to  tho.so  who  hail  jieisonally  in- 
jured lier. 


m 


< 


t  I'ri'Miitl 


VUHISTOHIKH  (0/  ''.UntH. 


4n 


u;  III  »>V»'iy 

Ml'til     flolll 

••r  ••iii'li'Ht 
iTJ^lfy.  lui 
ijiiiiH  iitiiiil 
It't'  lifi-  liml 
!•  lit  yiiiifli 
I'ttiiil;  iMit 
lalioii.  Ii:i*l 
I  mni:il  lit- 


tliiil  (•(iiill- 
11(1  ihr  Ntar 

IlcttlT  Jtl'MM- 

rliiiii.',  Iifiirl 
<f\ill»',  Mist 
*  yimniLt  I'^ii- 

(liv«'    In    ill" 
■f    wiillM    In' 

1  ln-r  himih, 
ii\«'iin  ail  in- 
I  III  <»n«'t'  for 
"lie  I'lior  nl" 
ul:i.  «:is  ill- 
lit  "tlif  pioj- 
t  as.sf  {It'll  iiH 
I'tcr  III  if*  JI11- 
riiliivcia  \v!iM 
s  over,  tlu'if 

<lr>l:\y,s('ttn'.s, 
(I  lie  riulltss, 
out  one  nunc 


«»(Torf.     Spnlri  wnn  vwn  now  li^liiliii<  tlif  Infld.-l,  a: .?  Spdin 

ll«'x»T\i"(|  to  !•••  thf  I'llllori  of  rlic  Cross, 

If  III*'  Kinuaiifl  <^H'fii  \mti'  too  hiisy  «|f|i  flic  nini|i!il)xn, 
tlu'iv  \v»'i'»'oth«'i'Siiainaii|s  of  almost  ir^aj  |M»\v»r  iiinl  wtahli, 
ulio  niiilil  til  otit  his  liiil»>  iiriiiaiiD'tit.  Il«>  applit'il  in  ilii> 
hiiUf  of  \|i-iliiia  Sidfijiia,  Imii  Iii>  aUit  was  hiisy  witli  ||it>  war, 
ll<"  tiiiiit"!  tt»  llif  Diilii-  uf  Mfiliiia  C'li.  mhI  lliis  uii-al  ii'.ltlf 
man  cttiffiiiftt  to  fiii'iii«|i  iiim  wiili  all  lhiii;/s  timlful,  hut 
at  tli<>  last  moiiH'tii  li>-  lM•tl|<M|^||t  him  iliat  Ntirh  titt  ••iitrr- 
|iris«'  scMitM-ly  lM'|(»|!^t't|  III  a  siiliji'ii.  Mill  Iii>  a«<ki'i|  tlii'  <^iii'»n 
to  ^\\r  lii-r  saiirlioii.  Slii>  rt'tiiriH'il  a  irrarioiis  aii«*\\.r,  Inii 
hi'jfu'i'il  liim  til  It'avi'  till'  I'.vpi'iliiioii  to  till' ('ii'wii.  ami  slif 
Miimnioni'il  rolumluis  ami  tolU  him  that  In*  n-ally  iiiiiMt  wait 
till  ihi'  riosi'  of  till'  war,  ami  hi*  slioiiM  tlii'n  i«'<'»'Hi»  full  Hat- 
isfarlioii.  hut  till'  i-ml  of  till'  war  was  an  i-M'tit  of  thi'  ufi. 
ri'ilaiii  fiituii',  ami  Coliiml  us  fi-lt  tlial  his  limi- \\a,s;;ro'\iii>(, 
niih  I'vt'iy  wasti'il  y»'ai',  umri'  pri'clous. 

Ill'  maili'  up  hi.s  mind  to  p>  at  om**'  to  tlu'  Kin;;  of  l-'rancts 
will,  hail  wrilti'ii  an  I'liroiirauiim- li'fti'r.  Miit  In-  wi-ut  lirst  in 
La  Walijila,  to  laU'  .laiiu-s  fioui  lIu'  raii'  of  l-'allu-r  I'l'ii-/  ami 
li'UM'  him  with  liith'  l''i'rnani|o,  in  IiIm  wifr's  hamls,  at  Cor- 
dova. Wi-  ma\  ima^iiii'  tlii'^iiii'f  of  tlii' ^ood  l''iimci.srafi,  to 
si'i'  his  fiii'Mil.  afti'i'  ^  »  many  yi-ars  of  patli-iit  liopi',  ri'turn 
with  his  piayi'i'  iinlu'aid.  lli-  ralh'd  in  tin-  li-arncl  villaun 
doi'toi,  (iarciii  lli'inandi'/,.  and  ilu'V  put  Coliiiiihus  .sh>aililv 
tliroiijuMi  his  pi'o.if.s,  with  llii>  ohjiTtions  to  tlu'in  and  solu. 
tions.  Iil<i'  inoth.'i' .liinfa  of  Salamaiii-a.  'I'lii' -iionk  and  llic 
l»liysi;'ian  wi-ii'  Ixitli  compli'ii-ly  roiivim'i'd.  I'^itlii-r  I'l'ii-/, 
I'i'lt  that  it  was  tinn'  for  piompt  artion.  As  the  formi'r  con- 
ft'ssoi'iif  til"  <jiii'i>i),  ill*  felt  thill  he  I'oiild  .spi'uk  and  l)M  llti> 
t.'ni'd  to,  and  so  In  wrotf  ji  Ii'tfi-r  to  l>al)i'lla:  hut  lit'  was  do- 
ti'rniiui'd  that  ii  should  he  jilari'd  wiihoiit  delay  in  lii'r  royal 
liands,  and  they  si-nf  it  accord iii.uly  hy  the  hands  of  Srhas- 
tian  Kodii^jut'z,  an  cxpi'iienci'd  sailor  and  a  trusty  t'uvoy. 
It  found  the  (iui'i'ii  at  Santa  Fi''. 

In  a  fortni;,dit  IJodrl^ui'/,  ri'tuni"d  with  an  invitation  to 
till'  l''rancis('an  r'atlicr  and  a  nii'ssa;;»'  of  I'licoura.ni'nicnt  to 
(y'olumhus.     The  poir  monk  luul  no  mule  of  hi.s  own  to  sad- 


\.  cirnisTonii'm  coLUMnrs. 

,11,.    .,s  o,n<  TriviuLr  sn]Mw.s.Ml.  so  Columbus  had  to  l.orrmv 

1  l,..,.r.n-   ^vas    invsistil.lr.     Cul.nnl.us    was    s.numo.M.a     o 
r!:;.;;;.w,lmt  now  r....w.sl.:n..in,  over  th.a,n^^^^^ 

,.r  ({r.,na,la.  and  all  ll.ia^s  hnn.:.,,  m.^U    ^va.    '^  '  ;/^:'  ,^, 

w.t.-h  tlu>  .l.'alU  aoony  of  :,  war  that   had    astcl     ..  .-.o  l 

;    .    .ivoars.     lI..umv..a;,astiMtinu>t.MvUn.sstlH.nH  - 

'  ,,.  sunvu.l.r  or  tl.at  Capital  to  tlu- Spanish  anns  u 

Moorish  Kin,s,  sally   forth    •>•''-;  Alhan.bra,  an.    yn^.p 

,1,..  k<.vs  of  that  favorit..  srat  of  Mosl.n.  p<.w.t;  ^^h  h-  Im-kI.- 

„    a'.Hl  lsal...lla.  with  all  th.  <-hivalry  and  nK,,.n.iwen(v  ot 

S      M    inov..d  foruanl  in  p.ond  an.l  soh.nn  pn..vss,on     |. 

.  ;.  V.  this  token  of  suhn.issi.m.     Th.  a.r  r.soun.U.Unth 

;,sofjoy,son,softnun,auandhynmsotthan^^^^^^^ 
Tiu.  Cross  1  a<l  tinally  trinn.ph.d  ovor  tlu-  Civs.vnt,  an.l    he 
;;;,:,„,•  ,„.  An.l.ian  Prophet  u-as  forever  destroyed  in  the 
beantiful  plains  an<]  valleys  of  Andalusia. 

i)urin.^  this  luilliant   an.l   trinn.phant  srene  remarks  an 

He'  U  t^KMUsh  writer/^Mnan.  uhseureand  lua  htn^ 

•  olU.wed  the  C^onrt.     Confoun.led  in  the  crowd  ot  unportun- 

,t..  applicants,  and  feeding-  his  in.a.u'inatn.n    in  the  .-one.rs 

nnte  •han-.l.ers,  M'ith  the  pompous  project  ol  d.scov..nn,t;  a 

';^  was  melanch..ly  and  dejected  in  tlu.nud 

:;     '     1  veioi-in^,  and  l.ehehl  with  inditrerenc.s  '^">'<;f - 
n>nten.pt:'the  conclusion  of  a  conquest  -hu-h  swelU.1 
bosoms  with  jubilee,  and  seemed  to  have  reached  the     tnost 
ounds  of  desire.     That  n.an  was  (Muistopher Columbus._ 
I       ho  n.hlstof  the  rejoicings,  Isabella  k.-pt  her  pronnse, 
nml  sent  for  Columbus.     She  had  full  faith  in  him.     She  ac- 
cepted his  proie,-t,  l)ut  the  terms  had  to  be  agreed  upon  and 
'      happened  that  the  Bishop  of  Avila  was  appointed  to 
nrnin-e  them.     Years  of  waitini;  had  not  clianged  the  ex- 
a   ed^-iews  of  Columbus.     To  Talavera' s  narrow  mind,  the 
H,e  was  too  hij-'h  to  pay.     "A  be^^^^ar,"  said  he, "made 
o  dith  lis  like  a  king  to  moiiarchs."     The  Queen,  against 

emunds  were  too  Uvr^re,  and  he  took  his  departure.  Spain 


cinu'sTuvium  col  vmiws. 


4') 


0  borrow 
.  iind  his 
iiolicd  to 
luoiis  city 
,v  diiyn  to 

fur  ciiiht 

the  iiKMii- 

riiis.     On 

list  of  til'' 

yit'lil  up 
tiilc  Fcidi- 
ilicciH'*'  ol' 
•cssion,  to 
iidfd  with 
iiksi-ivinir. 
It,  :ind  tho 
yeil  in  the 

innarks  rin 
ttlelvnown 
'  ini]>oitun- 
llic  corntTS 
;i")V('i'in,u;  a 
lidst  ol'  the 
liiiost  wiiii 
swelled  all 
the  utmost 
hinibn.s."' 
:t>r  promise, 
11.     She  ac- 
d  upon  tind 
ppointed  to 
L^ed  the  ex- 
V  mind,  the 
.  he, "made 
een,  against 
Inmbusthat 
i-ture.  Spain 


would  not  pay  the  prh'e,  aiid  the  price  could  not  bn  altered  I 
Hut  (.'(ilnml»ns  was  incomparalily  grt-ati-r  than  any  mon- 
arch of  his  a^^e,  and  what  were  his  conditions  i  As  l)ecarne 
him,  they  weie  not  hisignilicant.  lie  asked  to  be  made  an 
Admiral  at  once, to  )>('  aitpoiiitcd  Viceroy  of  the  countries  he 
should  discovei',  and  to  Imve  an  eighth  of  all  the  i)i()lits  of 
the  exiiedition.  'J'he  best  way  of  accounting  f<u'  the  extent 
of  these  demands  and  his  ])erseverance,  in  making  them — 
even  to  the  risk,  of  total  failure — is  that  the  discovery  of  (he 
Indies  was  hut  a  step  in  his  mind  to  what  seeuied  to  him  a 
far  grander  undertaking;  namely,  raising  a  large  army  au<l 
making  another  crusade  I'or  the  recovery  of  the  Holy  Land 
from  the  dominion  of  the  infidel  Turk,  if  we  would  not  en- 
tii'elv  misundei-stand  Colund)Us,  we  must  constantly  remem- 
Iter  the  loffi/  iitotirrfi  that  guided  his  life's  lalxjis.  To  him 
the  great  things  of  this  world  were  very  trifling.  His  ])ierc- 
ing  glam-e  analyzed  them,  and  stripped  them  of  all  illu- 
sion. He  looked  bey(»nd  the  stars,  (lod.  Heaven,  lieligion 
— these  were  the  su])ernatural  ideas  that  tilletl  that  capa- 
cious intellect,  raising  it  far  above  the  low  plain  of  common 
thoughts,  thus  imparting  an  iron  resolution  to  a  will  naturally 
strong,  and  giving  marvellous  elevation  to  a  character  natur- 
ally grand  and  fearless.  The  discoverer  of  America  was,  in- 
deed, a  true  Catholic  son  of  the  old  Crusaders — pious  and 
enthusiastic  as  Peter  the  Hermit,  hold  as  the  CciMir  de  Lion, 
jtatient  and  dauntless  as  Godfrey  de  Houillon,  and  a  par- 
taker in  tin;  holy  wisdom  of  St.  Louis  and  St.  Bernard. 

Columbus  now  mounted  his  mule  and  rode  from  Santa  Fe 
in  the  direction  of  Cordova,  fully  convinced,  at  last,  that 
eirihtecn  good  years  of  life  had  been  spent  to  no  purpose, 
and  that  he  would  have  tobegiu  all  overagain  at  some  other 
Court,  the  thankless  task  of  suing  for  the  loan  of  three  little 
ships  and  a  handful  of  men;  foi'  this  was  really  all  that  he 
had  asked  the  Spanish  sovereigns  to  pay  him  in  advance. 
The  haughty  demands  which  the  Bishop  of  Avila  could  not 
brook  dejtended  upon  the  success  of  a  design  which,  if  it 
were  ever' realized,  would  make  Ferdinand  and  Isabella  the 
debtors  of  their  long-suHfering  petitioner  beyond  all  their 


m 


rmii<T(H'iii:n  <i>iA)uns. 


!•' 


,„„v.„.tu,,:.yl,hnl.urk.    A  vi.v-.oy:.lly  M  Inm  :,n  1  I      1  n  s 

n.l v.n.  ..!•  ^T..:.t  .lisn.v..n..s.  wu„l.l  no.   l.y  d.... I  .n 

..x.vssiv.  nTu,n|..-.,s...  MM.I  in  tl.o  ^'v.-nl  ot  sl.ul.t  mu-.vs..  <.. 
iailniv  wu.il.l  i.ut  i.ivss  li.-avily  upni.  tlM-.lunnis 

,rU,washnm:;MM'..luml.u.  n.u.t   l,;.v.-  ....■Iml.-.l  .n  um 

t  ;,  ana  s^ish  ,.uli.i.i;M..  :  MuM  ..v.mMs:U..-1I.  .-uuM  p.un.l^ 

lu„l.M...  worth  II.- nm.lysis,l.i.t   l..-  U.^t  tin;.,,  t..  I.....^-.!, 
,,„,  ,„„•,..,,,„■..  „„s.,,.,M.,t..d  l.y  wonl  u,.  si.:.,  .s  t..  I'''  '.1  ;'''•- 

,11  his  Chiistinn  i.hiluso,.hy  to  Im.,.-  „i.  :,^:....st  s.,.-h  a  .lis- 
„-„„„„.,„.      H„t   1...  n..v..,.  lost  faith  ...  h.s  n„.s...  lo.h, 
,.!,;  „„t  H,,  ,,„s,.  was  (Jo.rs.  i.i  Whose  hu.uls  a.v  tlu-  h.-a.ts 
;,r  nih'.s.  and  th.Mlrstiuirsol'i.atioi.s. 

K,„,„„„..,y   fo.-  IsalM-lla.    th.    Hisl.op   ol    Av.la   uas  no 

„,,  ,.„,v  n.,.us..nor  :u   hand,     l^"''^  •'''  ^'-  "  ''^; ^^'T  u,' 
,.l'     IvrU'siasti.-al    U.v.-n.n.s.    and    Alon/o    dr   (^..n  an.  la. 
Cun.i.tn.llr,-  (o.n.M'al  of  Finan.v.  at  whosr  hons.  (  oh.n.Lns 
had  !.....n  stayin,,  W..V  f..ll  ..!•  )^.-f.     St.  An^.    rnsh-d  .no. 
,U.  ,.,vs..nn' of  th.  Qun-n.  and  i.,  th-  iV.vo.- ol   h.s /..al  lo, 
(Mi.isten.hm,  a.ul  Spain  h- ..v.m,  ,v,..oa.d,-d  I,.;,'  In,'    In-  .„- 
^vo,■thv  i.a.r  sh.  ^vas  playi,.^'  ...nl..-  ,.vil  di.-tanon.     Isal-.-lla 
,l,.;nk;".l  l,i..i  fo.'  his  f,ank.,.>ss,     Alon/.o  .l-  (^,.ntan,lla  sn).- 
,„„.,l    „,..  ,vn,onst,an.v.     Kath.M^  .lohn   IV.v/.  was  ,.,  the 
gueen-s  <-l,ai,el    dose   l>y    -n    his  k.,ees  be  o,e   the    Blessed 
^..•nunent,  pfayin^  with  all  his  heart  a.,.l  s onl     '-^    '  '^^ 
l-oi-  the  Five  Saeivd  Wounds  of  .lesus,  w(.iild  vonchsale  to 


giii(U'  her  decision. 


IKie  .ler  ue<  i^mxu. 

lie,,  eves  were  opened.  The  thon^lit  oi  tin'  vast  interests 
at  stak^'  darted  into  her  mind  v.ith  the  foire  of  an  insim'a- 
tion.  and  her  resolve  was  for.ne.l.  Nc  l-wer  on  earth  eonld 
chan-e  it  then,  in.t  even  lier  hnsl.an.rs  unw,llii,j;ness  to 
„.ov;in  the  tuatter;  for  she  was  a  sovereign  tn  h.|-  -^ 
riuht,  and  us  sn.-h.  and  for  her  own  erown  o  (  ast,le  s  e 
.undertook  the  enterprise,  an.l  as  the  war  ha.l  dranied  tie 
roval  coffers  of  Castile,  she  was  rea.ly  to  p  ed^^e  l'-^.l^'^^-;*\«  < 
raise  the  land,  reciuired.     "1  undertake  it,     excUiinied  this 


his  lit'lrs 
'(•iix'il  alt 
U('('«'ss  (ir 

•(I  in  i»ii»' 
V  li-anii'd 
1  scaiccly 
imIi'  away 
t  iiiiiiM'ir, 
liltlt'  jiiir- 
oiilil  in't'd 
iK'li  a  tlis- 
sf.  I'm  ho 
tlif  ht'arts 

I   was  not 
.    Krn'ivcr 
iiiiitanilia. 
('iiiimiliiis 
•iisli.'d  i:i!(> 
lis  /.fa!  I'oi' 
"or  tlif  iiu- 
Isalifilii 
aiiilia  Slip- 
was  in  tlie 
hv    IV.rsscd 
that   (J'ld, 
jiU'lisal'i^  to 

ist  intt'ivsta 
an  insjiira- 
carth  could 
llin.n'urss  to 
in  her  own 
Castile,  she 
drained  the 
ler  jewels  to 
L'lainied  this 


ClllllsTdt'lUUi  CO/.  LMJirs. 


47 


Tiolile  and  irf'iiei'onslady.  '•  I'nr  my  ov^'n  crown,  of  Castilf.  and 
j  will  |ilfduv  my  jcwfls  |u  raise  ih>'  m-ccssary  riind»l""  'i'his 
was  lln'  liriulilest  moment  in  the  lil't'  dI'  Isalwlla.  it  stamj>ed 
lii'i' I'ciiowii  I'lH'cvcr  as  the  iialionrss  nf  tin' disnn ciy  of  the 
N.'w  World. 
The  nmiit-y.  Imwcvcr.  was  a  very  sn;a!l   considriation  at 

l!i;'i  >iau''  III'  the  |>ro( dinus.     iM-rdinaiid  of  Arapm  a;;rt'ed 

lo  1(11(1  I..  |sal)clla  of  Castile  the  sum  iciiuiivd.  and  in  due 
liinc  was  caierul  to  ♦•xaet  rriiayiiiciii.  An  dUiccr  was  ^t'nt  in 
lia>t<'  toovfitaUe  Cdlnmlms.  When  he  came  uji  with  liim 
at  the  liridiie  of  IMiios.  twd  leauues  from  (Jranada.  his  liist 
summons  failed  to  induce  the  fiiuitive  to  retrace  his  step^; 
but  as  soon  Jis  Colunihus  iK'ard  of  Isal»ella's  indile  declara- 
tion, he  turned  his  mule,  and  hastened  back  to  Saute  Fe, 
And  well  he  mi;.i,ht. 

'['his  illustrious  Catholic  C^ueen  had  set  aside  the  verdict 
of  the  .liinta,  representin.ii:  as  it  did  the  learninji'  of  Spain; 
she  had  rejected  the  advice  of  her  colifessoi',  to  which  she 
nsiially  showed  ii  ready  deference;  she  had  acted  a^iaiiist  t!a> 
o|)!uiou  of  Fer<linand.  whose  wishes  at  othei'  times  had  for 
her  the  force  of  laws.  Surely  she  desei'ved  that  her  royal 
Word,  once  ^iveii.  should  be  trusted.  (Jood  Father  Perez, 
now  that  his  ])rayer  had  been  so  fully  heard,  fancied  his 
work  was  done,  and  hurried  back  to  his  convent  of  l/i  Ha- 
bida;  but  it  was  only  as  the  event  sluiwed.  to  make  himself 
scarcely  less  useful  to  Coliiinlius  by  his  biisiiu'ss-like  co-op- 
(>ration  at  Palos  than  by  his  valuable  prayers  at  Saute  Fe. 

Columbus  was  now  almost  another  man.  He  was  hi^h  in 
favor.  Indeed,  the  Queen  ^ave  him  so  warm  a  welcome 
that  it  was  evident  she  wished  to  make  amends  i'or  all  past 
neglect.  No  more  time  was  taken  up  in  luiiriilinu-  about 
terms.  All  that  had  been  asked  i'or  was  conceded  without  a 
word,  and  Isal)ella,  with  delicate  tlumghtfulness,  gTacefiilly 
added  to  the  more  formnl  p'ant  a  personal  favor  w  hicli  must 
liave  been  particularly  grateful  to  a  sensitive  and  wounded 
spirit,  appointing  Don  James'  one  of  the  ]/ages  of  honor  to 


1  Columbus'  eldest  eon. 


fm 


viiiusri)rni:n  an imiils. 


1 


Princo  ,I..lm,  ;i  (listinciioii  <<.v.-tc(l  I'or  flicir  sons  l>y  tlic 
lii.uht'^t  ;;ri»ii<lt>t's  of  Spiiiii. 

Tlii^  tfiiiis  nf  Mxrt'ciiif'iit  wt'iv,  with  all  roiivfiiU'iit  disjtafcli, 
(Irnwii  up  by  tlif  (iiK'fii's  st'civtsiiy,  iind  l-Vrdiniitul  iilli\."l 
liis  .-.iniiatiuv  conjointly,  iK-coidiiiL;-  to  tiw  Artie'  s  ol'  Mai- 
ria«,'f',  liiit  hn  tooli  no  I'mtlitT  intnvst  in  tlif  niattrr.  anil 
Isahflla  singly  was  th.-  lii'i"  and  soul  of  the  wlioh'  cntciinis.-. 
It  was  In  till'  rollowini;-  t'H'cct :  — 

Tilt'  favors  which  ("hristophci'  Culunibiis  lias  asked  from 
tliH  Kinii  and  Qnccn  of  Spain,  in  ifconipcnsc  of  tin-  discuvcr- 
ics  which  he  has  made  in  tin;  ocean  seas,  and  as  recompense 
for  the  voyages,  which  he  is  about  to  undertake  are  the 
following— 

].   lie  wishes  to  be  made  admiral  of  the  seas  and  countries 
wliicli  he  is  about  to  discover.     Jle  desires  to  hold  the  dig- 
nity during  his  life,  and  that  it  shotdd  descend  to  his  lieirs. 
This  ri''j>/cst  i.s  (//•(iii/c'l  l>ii  Ike  Ivhnj  ami  Qmni.. 
S.  (Jhristoi)lier  Columbus  wishes  to  be  made  viceroy  of  all 
tlie  countries  and  islands, 
Orttiited  htj  the  KIikj  and  Qiwn. 

;j.  He  wishes  to  have  a  share,  amounting  to  a  tenth  ])art, 
of  the  ])rolits  of  all  merchandise--))!'   it  pearls,  jewels,  or 
any  other  things— tliat  may  be  found,  gained,  bought,  or 
exported  from  the  countries  wliich  he  is  to  discover. 
O raided  by  thv  K'ni'j  and  Qnrt-n. 

4.  lie  wishes,  in  his  ipialify  of  admiral,  to  be  made  sole 
judge  of  all  mtjrcantile  matters  that  may  be  the  occasion  of 
dispute  in  the  countries  which  he  is  to  discover. 

Granted  bi/  the  Kino  and  Queen,  on.  the  condition^  how-^ 
ever,  that  /'hi.f  Jnrisdirfion  .shonid  belong  lo  the  oijice  of 
adniiral,  as  held  b;/  Don  Bnriqnez  and  other  admirals. 
i).  Christopher  Columbus  wishes  to  have  the  right  to  con- 
tribute the  eighth  part  of  the  expenses  of  all  ships,  which 
trallic  in  the  new  countries,  and  in  return  to  earn  the  eighth 
jUix:  of  tin;  prolits. 

Graiiti'd  by  the  Kimj  and  Queen. 
Santa  Vk,  in  iLu  Vega  of  Griinuda,  April  ITth,  1403. 


( 11 II  IS  TitrilHli  I  v>  A I  •)//;  /  -.s' 


41) 


lis  l>y  tilt' 

t  (lisjtiitcli, 
11(1  iilii\."l 
.s  (»r  Miir- 
lattrr.  Mini 

I'llttM'pl'isi'. 

skcd  rruiii 
('  discnvci'- 

'('l'C)llll»t'IlS<? 

10   iil'o   tho 

il  (oiinti-ii's 
1(1  tlic  dii;'- 
)  his  licii's. 

:;eroy  of  all 


tPiith  pni't, 
jewels,  or 
bought,  or 
,-t.'r. 

f  niudc  solt^ 
occasion  ot! 

^itlon,  how- 
he  oijh't'  of 
ad  mi  nils. 

ght  to  coii- 
hil>s,  which 
I  the  eighth 


This  agiPfiiKMit  was  wriftcn  hy  Alma/an.  and  signed  l»y 
tilt'  st'cictMiy.  Colttiia. 

<^> '■  th«' great  (thjccts  held  out  l.y  ('(.limd.iis  in  his  un- 

dfrlakiiigs.  was  the  i)rt.|>au!ition  ttf  tlie  Catht.lic  faith,  lie 
expected  to  find  hailiai'.iis  aiit|  iiitidel  nations  in  the  nn- 
kiiown  parts  o|'  the  east,  and  to  visit  the  territories  of  the 
(irantl  Khan,  whose  conversion  hatl  in  fonuer  times  heen  an 
ohjtM't  t>|'  pit)us  7nissit)ns.  The  Spanish  sovereigns  concnrred 
with  him  in  these  ideas,  and.  when  he  afterwards  departetl  on 
his  voyage,  they  actually  gave  him  letters  addressed  to  the 
(iiand  Khan  of  Tartary. 

Isabella  without  delay,  issued  herorders  for  the  i-ecessarv 
arraiigeineiils.  It  happened  that  the  little  seapt»rt  of  TaltLs, 
which  ("oiiimbus  knew  so  well,  had  been  loi'  some  miscon- 
duct  condemned  to  furnish  to  the  Crown  tme  year's  service 
of  tw()  caravels,  armed  '  .uanned.  Advantage  was  taken 
of  this  existing  oldigation,  and  the  caravels  were  now  iv- 
(piiivd  to  be  in  reailiness  in  ten  days,  and  to  be  phitvd  at 
the  disposal  (»f  ("olumbus.  This  might  liea  saving  of  actual 
expense,  but  it  was  an  unwise  economy,  for  it  gave  to  what, 
at  the  best,  wtuild  liave  been  a  sufliciently  unpopular  com- 
mission, the  character  of  a  jteiial  conscription,  and  this  upon 
an  occasion  when  volunteers  were  most  desirable,  and  forced 
men  were  sure  to  prove  dangerous  and  jiossibly  altogether 
nnmanagable.' 

The  royal  mandate  was  read  to  the  nati\-es  of  rah)s  in  tlie 
Chinch  of  St.  (leorge  by  tlit^  notary  ])ublic,  on  the  retpiisi- 
tion  of  Columbus,  who  was  accompanitMl  as  a  matter  of 
course,  by  the  Franciscan  (fuardian.  Father  Fere/.  The  au- 
thorities signified  their  submission:  ))ut  seamen  had  wills  of 
their  own,  and  when  they  knew  the  nature  of  the  service 
for  which  they  were  ordered  to  hold  tlieniselvesin  readiness, 
t1iey  showed  extreme  j-epugnance  to  give  in  the!/  names. 
Kot  even  a  royal  order,  or  the  promise  of  immiini*^  trom  le- 
gal prosecution  and  of  four  months'  \}v.y  at  a  liigner  late 


'  "Tlic  ship  or  Coliimliiw,"  wivm  IIilps,  was,  tlicnforc,  a  refuge  for  rriinini>lM  niirl  riinnwny 
dehtorx,  a  rave  of  Adiillain  for  the  iliseoiiteiited  and  Ihi'  desperalf.  To  huve  to  deal  with  cucil 
a  comuiuiiity  was  not  one  of  the  least  of  Columbus'  difllculties." 


» 


CliniSTOPIIKH  coi. I'.MnCS. 


„,,n  usual,  to  b.  ma.l..  in  a.hancv  nl  th.  t.mo  nf  onjl.nka. 
,   ;  ,.:   vovau.Mlu..  west  into  th-  vast  an.    ^loumy  on^^u 

.  \  fM.O's  .n.n.M,  or  a,.v...Mnalu.  up  a  uH<.n  ho..'  o^^ 
;;;;v;,o,ly  s  asUmK.  X..-  w..o  these  tun.<l  hmasnu-n,  but 
buid  and  haul)  t«ailoia. 


iiiid  a  vcii- 
iiy  uo'aii. 

I  lii>|M'  for 
smt.'ii,  I'Ut 


CTTAPT.-R  TIT. 
THF,  i'A'i'M  THAI'  i.i;i»  To  A  m:\v  u'oirr.n. 

Ohnldi'hfi  ill  till'  inn/  itl'  jn< iHirtilioii  -(inat  s't rn'fcs  nf 
Fiilliir  Pcrrz—Tlir  I*  in -mis  Tin-  III  id'  rcssr/s  -/tt/if/- 
ions  in>  i>iti'iitiitiiH  -SiT/irs  iit  flir  ilrjKU'liin'  "T/ir  ski  .' 
f/ir  srd .'  (hi'  ii/iiii  aw//"  Tirmr  jnnil  ileal  hi/  <i  ml- 
Villio-  luiiis,  tldiii/i  rs,  mill  (I'lrriilnri  s  of  llir  riniiiifi*. 
—  A  yi'tii  Wnihl  foniif!  -{'('iciiioiui  of  hih-iiHj  /msKis- 
ftioii -Tlir  mil  ires — ('iilm  a  ml  I  In  iff  i — liniiiiinlic  iiiri- 
(Iriils  S/ii/unir/,-  —  7''/ir  iiii-lioii  of  l/ir  foiiiiss  of  La. 
I\(ii'i(l(nl -Ailii n  lit  Aiurricd. 

Ol'tt'ii  liavc  fjiftci  ]i('ns  rt'coimtt'd  tlic  story  of  (his  cclf- 
biiitcfl  voyaut'— til''  most  <'»'lt'lti'al»'(!  in  tlic  history  of  discov- 
ery. Hut  iicvci-  can  it  hccoiiii'  thrcadhai'c.  never  can  it  cea^e 
to  possess  a  tliiillin.ir  interest  for  all.  who  can  admire  the 
heroic,  for  all,  \vh(»  love  the  <j,-ood,  tlu'  beautiful,  the 
Kuhlime. 

It  is.  in  truth,  su^^frfstive  to  thiidv  that  the  little  port  of 
Palos.  in  Andalusia,  was  assigned  to  ('oluml)us,  as  the  lusid- 
([uarters  (»f  organization  for  the  expedition,  and  the  point 
of  departure  for  his  s(puidron.  There  he  first  found  a  true 
friend  in  Sjiain.  The  idea  (iiscussed  in  the  monastery  of 
La  Kabida,  near  Palos,  by  Father  .lohn  Perez,  and  l>r. 
(larcia  Hernandez,  when  they  lirst  talked  with  (Jolumbus. 
was  thus  biou^ht  liome  to  them  once  more;  and  tlu^  learned 
Franciscan  himself  was  ^oinu;  to  pr<'si(le  over  all  the  jireijar- 
atons,  and  see  from  his  own  herinitaf,'e,t]ie  iirst  sail  of  his 
fiiend.  s])read  towards  that  unknctwn  world,  wliich  tliey  had 
already  contemplated  t<)«>etlier,  with  the  keen,  bright  eye  of 
faith  and  genius. 

In  spite  of  the  kindness  and  Jiutliority  of  Isabella,  many 
unforeseen  obstacles  threw  themselves  in  the  way  of  success. 
CI 


The  v.'rvlM"'iiiniii;;  was  Ml)  hill  work.    Tli.*  Ilisf  piM.-lniniitlon 
WIS  om'iIi.'  -JM  uI-  May,  !»'.»•.'.     On  Hi-  -'oth  of  .Im...  immiv 
IMT.'iiii.toiv  .iiiliTs  w.-iv  issii.'il.  ..iniM>w.Tiiijr  tlir  niM^istnit.'s 
oM  ili.'ci.asf  ..r  Aii'hilusia  lu  pivss  into  ili<>  s.-ivic..  iit  ilwir 
Wisnvii,.!..  aiiv  Spanish  ships  with    th.'ir  nvws.     .Inhn   h." 
IN'fialosa  wass.'nt  to  .■ni'oir.'  th.-  rx.Tdtion  witli  pains  and 
l»..nalli.'s,  and  a.Min-  upon   his  onhTs,  hr  at  oiin.  s.-i/.-d  ii 
v.-sscl  naniid  th."  /'///^^  joint   piop.Mly  <.l"  two  citi/,.  ns  ol 
l»alos  wlio;,MV.'  tli.'ins.'lvrs  up  for  lost  an<l  ciii'spd  tlu'  <o'ii 
o.'>.«  advrntmvr.     It  was  no  .'asy  niail.M'  to  lit  out  tla-  /V//A'. 
Mat.'iials  wciv  not  foilhr..inini;;  ship  raip.-nt.-is  w.-iv  <•)•- 
p.Mtun.'lv  indisims,Ml :  rv.Tv  ol.starl.'.  wliirh  in-mnity  <-<hiI<1 
d.-vis..  was  Ihiown  in    IN-iialosa's  way.     II.'  <li«l  ""f  i>ii>l<«' 
haj.py  pi'o.^'irss.     Thiv.j  shii)s  w.'iv  want.'.l,  aii.l  as  y.t   Iw 

liad  hut  on.'. 

If  if  had  not   h.-cn   for  Hi.'  a.-tiw  li.'lp  of  that    lust  ana 
linn. "St  IVi.'ii.l,  th.'  Fath.'i'  (inai.lian  of  l/i  IJal.i.la.  ("..Iiini- 
bus   miu'lit    hav.>  s.mmi   his  ch.Mish.'d    ja'oj.-.'t    fall   thfoii-ii 
linally.  not  for  want  of  h'tt.'is  iiat.'Ht.  l.ut  /or  ini„t  of  nun. 
A  Franciscan  by  his  vocation  is  at  ho....'  amoti;:'  th.'  p'"»i'. 
Fiiihcr    l*.*r.'/.,  "soni.'tini.'s  with  and  soni.'tiiii.'s  without  Ids 
iVi.'ii.l,  mad.;  his  rounds  ainon-i  th.'  t<.wnsp<'.)pl.'  (d"  Tah^s. 
]iot!i  his  position  aii.l  his  ]M'rsonal  charact.-r  lua.h'  him  w.-l- 
I'omc  an.l  uav.'  him  iidlucn.v.     11.-  maintain.'.l  th.'  IVasdulity 
of   th.'  vovai,^.^  ami  made  li>;hr  .d'  imaginary  t.-rrors  ;   imr 
di.l  h.'  fail,  lai.'st.  as  }i.;  was  and  spcaUiiij?  to  Catholics,  t.) 
insiniiat.!  motiv.'s  of  a.  h.fti.'r  kiml  than  m.-iv  tldrst  for  .lis- 
rov.'i-y  or  .l.'sir.'  .d'  pr.dit.     II.'  was  (h'f.'mlin.U'  his  own  pr<»- 
J'onn.i  convictions  all   th.'  tim.'.     H.'  was  thinkin-  also  of 
.souls  to  1).'  sav.>d.  far  away  h.'y.md  that  myst.'ri.uis  ocran, 
vlii.'h   l)avr.'.l   them  fr.mv  th.>  li^dit  ..f  tin-  (Jospd.     If  h.' 
rould  not  .•ommunicat.'  to  Icss.'r  souls  tli.>  n<.l.h'  c..idi<h'nc.' 
In.  f.df  hims.'ir,  at  h'nst,  he    did  much  t..  w.-ak.'u  pr.'ju.lic' 
jind  s.d't.Mi  d..wn  hostility;  and  wh.-n  ol.)rious  succ.'ss  had 
«-r<.wn<'.l   that  westward  voya-v,  Ids  ener^^^etic  .'Ifoi'ts  vore 
iri-atefullv  remembered. 

One  servic.',  rend.'red  by  Fath.-r  P.mvz  in  ral.)s,  was  tlu' 
introduction  of  Colinnbus  to  Muiiin  Alonzo  Pinzon.     The 


nniisTorirrn  coi.v\tnvs. 


m 


•oclanmtinii 
.Imif  iiHUt' 
iiiii;;i^tiiilt'H 
ice  lit  ilH'ir 
.liihii   h*> 

I    \\\\\\\^    !M1<1 

ict'  st'i/i'il  :i 

ciii/.i  lis  i»r 

'(I  th.'  <»<'!i- 

I  I  III"  l^iiild. 

IS    WtTC    <i)»- 

•iiiiily  cdiild 
il  twit  niiik<* 
(1  lis  ytt   ln' 

lilt  lirsl  iiinl 
)i(l:i.  ('(iliiiu- 
filll  llilnii;;!! 
uiiif  (>/'  nil  It. 
v^  I  he  pdor. 
without  Ills 

(If    Ol"    I*ill(»S. 

idc  liiiii  w<'l- 
!»'  Iciisiliility 
tt'irors;  iinr 
(!iitli(»ll('s,  to 
hirst  f(»r  tlis- 
his  own  i>i'o- 
kiiiij;  iiiso  ol' 
I'lioiis  oc^'iin, 
•sjx'h  If  h»' 
ih«  coiilich'iicf 

UMl  l)l<'jll(liot» 

success  had 
efforts  v',re 

dos,  was  the 
l*iuzun.     The 


meeting'  woidd  asHiiiedly  liave  taken  phice  In  any  case.  Imt 
\v«'  may  reasonalilx  doid>i,  in  the  lirsi  phur,  whether  thu 
IMnzoii  faniilN  woiilil  h;i\f  cnlert d  so  waiiniv  into  the  views 
(tl'  CoIuiiiImis.  and  in  tlie  sccoihI  |iiace,  wheilicr  lliey  wunM 
have  het'ii  al'le  to  oveieoiiM'  tin-  ii'hlelaiiec  ol'  niiidMiiili'd 
sailors,  ir  l-'athi'r  I'erez  had  not  Inonulil  his  scicntilic  lepu- 
lalionand  Ins  ioeal  |io|iuhiiily  to  ihi>  aid  ol'  the  siraiiiref. 
I'efialosii.  with  his  loyal  waiiaiil  to  iiii|ioii!id  ships  and  im- 
press sailors,  woidd  soiiM  ha\<-  made  Colnmlnis  an  ilijcct  of 
p'lieral  exi-eration.  The  I'in/ons  mi^dit  have  shared  iho 
cftmrnon  I'eelin;:'.  or  miuht  have  had  little  power  to  allay  it. 
It  is  not  necessary  to  deininiiie  \\\v  exact  value  of  ilie  l''ra:i- 
<*iseaii"s  iiiierveiilion.  Imt  there  can  he  no  doulit.  lliat  he* 
oiicea,uain  made  himsell'  very  useful  at  a  critical  inonient. 

The  three  In*. tilers  I'in/.on,  all  e.xpeileneed  mariners,  lived 
In  the  lies!  house  at  l*alos.  .Marlin  .\lon/o,  the  eldest,  had 
lately  reinrned  from  i{ome  with  seeniin;:ly  some  fresh  infi  r- 
ination.  which  predisposed  Idm  l(»  favor  the  idea  of  ('<ihim- 
liiis.  lie  hroiiiiht  a  map;;iven  him  by  one  of  Innneent  \  lll.'s 
liltrarians,  upon  ulii^h  an  unnamed  land  was  markecl  in  the 
far  west.  Whether  it  he  that  some  of  the  many  lIoatiiiLC 
Ideas,  such  as  had  already  arrived  a!  some  deliniteuess  of 
conception  in  the  brain  of  l-'ather  .loliu  l*ere/.,  had  t.ikeii 
shape  also  In  the  mind  of  the  I'ope's  liliiariaii:  or,  by  a  slill 
more  simple  hypothesis,  th.at  Dr.  Paul  To^^canelli,  who  was 
a  fietpient  visitor  in  U'ouie,  had  mentioui'<l  the  speculations 
of  Columbus  to  the  librarian  or  his  friends,  and  that  the  map 
was  <'oiistructed  from  the  ideas  so  c(»nimniiicafed,  it  is  in 
any  case  easy  to  account  for  the  existence  of  such  a  map  at 
that  tini<>.' 

>rartin  Aloii/.o  Pinzcm  entered  lieartily  into  the  scheme, 
and  aureed  to  accomj)any  Columbus,  and  to  pr(»vide  a  lim^ 
little  caiavel'  named  the  Xina,  with   lateen-.sails,  belonuiiiir 

'  Hiinilinldt  miiMTK  111  the  iili'.i  tli.il  aiiv  <iirli  iii;ipi'\(T  i'Nl«ti(I.  iiiiil  I'vni  IK  iii>c's  Plii/nn  niiil 
CuliiiiihiiH  I'f  Inning  comiMii'dihi'  ftcirv  lo  dircivi'  Itic  >iin|p|c  siiliUH.  Tlii-  h  riillciilniii.  It  i«  ti 
J'liit  llml  llif  nia|i  rsl«tiMl:  him!  <(itiiiiilv  llir  ill  iiiiliircMJ  ^iiccr-  of  n  nrrnl  iii.iti  (■.iniiiil  ili-|iri>vii 
this  fill  I  TlioT  Willi  riail  IIiiiiiImiIiII  mi  <V.liiii  ':il-  "III  iln  well  in  r.;,i,.|rih(T  III  il  llir  kiiiiw  li'c!;;.; 
utiil  iiifalllliility  of  llir  (il  riiiaii  savan'  iirr  liy  iin  niraiiH  i'i|iial  tn  lii»  liUnury  iiml  ilnu'iiiall^iii. 

»  A  kliiil  of  liL'lit.  niiiiiil.  mill  nlil  favliiuiu'il  >lii|i.  wlili  a  »ii|iiiiri'  iiiiiip.  Hu'ltiI  liki'  a  L'alliv, 
(iml  mil  iniicli  aliovc  u  liiiiulivU  tons  i:i  burdiii— foriiUTly  lUaiX  liy  llic  SiianiardV  and   I'ortu 


•i 


viiiusToriiKii  col. ixtiirs. 


I 


r.,  ViiHvut  Van.-/,  l*in/,on  t!>.'  vo,in-.'>»t  of  rl...  tlm-o 
|„.,rliri,s  who  rniia.'  hlniM-lt  rmiioiiH  iu  tlu'  h-miU'I,  uh  IIm,. 
,HHn,v..|vror  Vunimn.  umh.H  ihr  liist  of  rh- S,.i...is|,  n.i,- 
t.ih.s  -.vliH  rrussra  H..'  .'qMinuciiul  liho,  rnl.nul.i.s  l.a.l  .•u- 
iriiix.-.!  tn  li.niiHh  on  rLulitli  ,.arr  nf  flir  rxp.h.r.s,  ..n.l  \\i» 
l,,„tl,.TH  IMii/.uu  ..■ual.l.-.l  hill,  tn  r.iltil  his  ..rKit;r<-i»<'ii|. 

I'ul.lh-  ..piiiinn  i...\v  I..M;an  to  .'haiw.  K-r  rla-  .h-tiian. 
ina.h'  on  if.  l'aloH.,ir."r.«il  as  a  H.-ron.l  v.-hh..]  a  rani.li'  naimd 
th..  OV//AV".  law.  h.-ivy.  aiul  v.-.y  suli.l.  Sh.,  had  on.- 
masts,  ua;  .hMlx,..l  tlir-Miyhont,  un«l  h.-i-  h.n>.'  Loaf  Is  ^af.l  o 
l,uv..  lM.,.n  thliiy  fm,t  hi  h'uuth.  Alfhon^ih  unsmtnl  for  tim 
sPivi.-n  assiuu...!  li.T,  m'ifh.TCulninhu..  iut  his  runnsrllur, 
K.ili.'i-  I'.Mv/,.  .l.ov-l  fo  ivl'nsu  hrr.,  f  ■luin;,'  fo  i..t<l  to  d.lay 
nl.viHlv  loo^-ivailv  rxr.'n.hMl.  HaiM-liy  sh-  uas  ...,nii»]wM  . 
Colninhiis  eviMi  rh  mi»  hm-  for  fiin  ei'^Hlioii  of  liis  p  ivilion  :,s  a.l- 
,„i,.,l,  hnt  ho  tlist.  ,!h;n.-.',|  Imt  nam.-.  IMarin-  fa-  ship  im- 
,1,.,.  th.'  piot.riion  of  til.'  Immanilalo  Virgin,  la'  ha.l  luT 
1.1..SS.-1  and  call. mI  fh''^'"'/"^'/'"'"-'  ,     o    / 

Tlmsfht"  ...vpcHfion  r.msist.-.l  of  tliiv..  vrss.-ls-th.'  s.nifa 
M„,i<f,  th."  I'iiUa,  a-rl  fh.^  Mmi~-mi'\x  haviu-  a  p....!  ar- 
iiiMMi.'iif  aiiil  provisions  ror  a  yrar. 

Tla-  N'////'A  .'/"'•/"  '-ani.Ml  sixty-six  p.'fs.ms.  Aiiaai- 
th.'s.s  ill  onl.T  ..f  rank,  w.-r.'  r////.s-Av"'"'-  ^W'"/'/'"'«'  'j^ 
caniiian.l.Tin-.-hi.'f  an.l  Kran.l  Admiial  of  th..  On^an;  his 
„..ph..w  l.v  inairlav'.-.  tia'  //'>'.•  '/"""•"•  ''''  '""">'"'  '''"' 
Ontlinr,':]  the  kin-'s  yoiiian  of  ili.>  stoirs;  Rn'hrn'  S,n,. 
vh-'  |.o'Ui.»lh'ror  th.'aiiiianu'nt',  l{o<lrr!<' th-  Hsrundo,  \\w 
notaVv  r.»val;  livfo'nd^lr  7'.^^/'/,  the  histoijo-vaph.-r  of  flio 
,.xp.'.iifi.»M;  Li-mx  <lr  Torn:,  a  .•onv.Mt.' I  .l.-w,  wh..  kn.'vv 
Lutin,  (Jn'..k,  IMnvw,  Aiahh-,  (Joplla,  iiu.l  Anninian.  as m- 
tHj-piiflor  of  th.M!xp«'.liti.m;  Ostillo.  a  p.hlsiniih  from  He- 
vUle,)is  th«  oflh-ial  in.>tallui>;ist;  Ih:  Aloii'n  and  lh\  Jnmi 
<.oinpos.'.l  th*'  hoanl  of  h.-alth.  Tli.'iv  wen;  als..  s..v.'ral  j.i- 
iots,  aii.l  afiioUK  the  .;i-ew  was  uu  Irishman  ivc'iumI  \ymUini 


.  A  !«>•■-•<■  -Ul,.  ^.f  t."r.M.,  sHcli  UK  llw  l'<.rtn«.K-o  form-rly  ..»,•,!  In  tr,Mll..tf  to  Uu,  Jiu-t  In. 
Ule*.  —  ir«ft*Vr. 

.It  1-  worthy  ..f  notice  that  ttie  thi.r  v....i.l  of  lh«  imttU  ..i.iudrou  by  which  Columbus  dl# 
coven; J  Amirlcii,  «u»  imiufa  llm  Uulii  Mary, 


vniusroriimt  ( o/ 1  w/um, 


lU'l,  UH    tllM 

MIS  hail  <'ii- 
•s,  mill  till' 
iti'iit. 

Ilf    MftllMllll 

iriv'  lliiliii'il 
t  llilil  I'liilt' 
t  h  "ill ill  t'» 
itfil  r'li'  tli»! 
f'liiiii'^i'Hur, 
t(i  lu  (l.lay 
I  i»(|uil>j«'il. 
.iliMti  :hiiiI- 
lii'  ship  nil- 
Iii>  hail  her 

— tlu'  Sdllfil 

<  s)  ptiiil  ar- 
ts.     Adinllli 

Oci'aii;  his 
(Hi(t;  Pi  hi' 
it'hric  S'ini- 
snitu'f/o,  tliH 
i|ilii'rof  th»< 
,  \vli(»  kiii>\v' 
liniaii.  as  iii- 
th  from  Si" 

'/   />/•.  Jttdll' 

>  ><i'Vi'ral  pi- 
led Will  ill  III 

IllfJ  to  ttlU  lulHt  \Vr 

vhich  ColumbuK  dlif 


Jihr,    Of  thosi'  oil  liiMii-il  tho  Snutu  Jjftnio,  non«>  wni'  fiuiu 

1*11  los. 

Marrin  Almi/o  I'iiizoii,  with  liis  liiurhfi-  Kiaiuls  NhiHiii 

IMn/.oii.  I'oru  lii'iiti'iiaiit.  hail  n.i aiiit  of  thi>  /'///A/,  uhiili 

fiiiriilMiv.l  (hiiry  nii  lioanl,  all    rnau    thr  ii. '.^hliorhooU  of 

I'ulos,  (N.fj.f    < iitiil   that  ottf  till'    ill  lali'd    Uo<l<'ilr   i|m 

Tiiim.i,  Kvni  Dr,  (latria  lli'iiiamlfz.  in  spit».  ,,f  his  rlos«» 
liiiimary  uiili  Faih.-r  I'l-iv/,  saiii-il  as  .siirp'i.ii  in  iln'  /'ii,/ii, 
iiof  in  till'  Stuilii  Mif/iit,  so  that  tln-iv  wax  evidently  tin  in- 
ranu.'iiifiif  in  viitn.'  of  whiih  fli.-  inm  of  thi>  rxpfiliiion 
well' divldf  I  intu  tlios-  fruni  I'ali.s  and  Moniirr  and  tliosc 
from  otiii'i'  phiri's,  ('<»liiiiiliiis  (■<.mni;iiidin',Mln'  laM.i  (li\  i-,i..ii 
and  fin*  two  luotlii'is  IMnzon  fh»'  foiiin.|'. 

Till-  Xi/iii,  coinniandi'd  l>y  \  immt  Yiifa'Z  Pinzon.  ranloil 
IJM' ri'inaindiT  of  ihf  i'alos  coiitinA-i'iif,  tumiy  four  souls. 

U  cannot  hr  iloiil)t«'il  that  in  lini-^hin;;' Ids  ii\ii'\v  of  thu 
•'(piippamH,  Coliimhiis,  as  was  liiscustoin,  inaih"  an  addn'SH, 
and  that  yii-ldiiiju'  to  thi'  rniotions  of  his  lioart.  h»' KitoU*'  to 
Ids  hardy  hcaifis  uf  (Jnd.  into  whos*-  hands  th.-y  wi-ivahoiii 
to«'i./iiinif  thi'ir  siHils.  nnd  the  la  If  of  tli.   cxp,  «Htion. 

Fi'ar  and  danj-vr  tiinwd  fln-ir  hciirts  to  lliavcn.  Kiiih 
confi'ssi'd  his  sins,  atid  ol.tain.d  jilisoliitioii.  With  Colnni- 
Itiis  af  lliilr  lii'iid.  till'  ci.'vvs  nianhi'd  in  |»iocfssioii  to  tlio 
jnoiijistrry  (»f  liii  Kahida.  fo  inipioiv  flit'  divine  as^^istaiirc, 
and  to  piif  themselves  under  the  hpeeial  jtiotfiiion  of  the 
iMosi  MIessed  Vli-iii.  Mass  was  Haid,  ami  from  the  hands  of 
Father  P.ie/,  they  all  iweivcd  II<»ty('ommnnioii  tiuehiead 
of  Saints  and  heroes. 

Hefore  departinji',  Colnmluis  took  Ids  ,s»(n  .hinies  from  i'h« 
ronvent  of  J.^i  Haltida.  and  sent  him  under  roinoy  to  ii,|H 
wife  lieatrix',  at  Cordova,  having  himself  ealhw  thei'e  on  his 
way  from  Santa  Fe.  JIavini;  thus  larefidly  provided  for  idl 
thai  was  dearest  to  him  in  thi.'*  world,  the  Admiral  >hiit  up 
In  his  "cen"  to  wait  for  a  good  east  wind.  He  hml  previ- 
ously spent  the  chief  ])arr  of  Ids  time  in  the  Francisean 
monastery,  leaving  the  lesser  details  of  arrangement  to  the 
Pin/.ons,  wiio  were  in  every  way  competent  to  undertake  tlio 
direction,  and  who  luul  too  large  u  stake  in  tlie  enterprise  fo 


Ig  rindsToriiKR  rnr.t^rnni, 

L.  .n  »-,..!,  a...l  II..'  ''lun.'l  •':'U  llyl...      No  u,,..  ums  ..|. 
K.a  l.-t..,.  .Hhon.  ..xn.,.r  tl...  A.lmin.l   l.lm...ir    un-I    ..• 

,m,.,..vs  luu.lv  l.-'.M'n.nll..l.       ll..:.tl..U.lr.lrl,uir,       Ihslu- 

!,«lm.  ,lut  |,UuunnH..li.;..lun.  uuuUllmv..  lKMl,Mt.u.-liu 
tiiiM',  u  tlup'of  siil.liiniry. 

••Til"  niiiriilnut  l«  lirriiUl«t)X  on  I'll'"'*  •»»>'. 

(Ml  li-"  I. 'W n. 'iH'l  «■'"""'•"»"' """I"'""  ^''■''•*''  ,, 

on  il...r  In.rk.  at  ll^lr  ,w>.,vUvi^  UmI  ai.lli.iiHy  rM". 

Willi  III.'  I'.Nv.rn  nf  <'a.llU Iti.-lr  llujt-  «•'  l""'^' 

It  wtiM  iibHUt  till'. -.I'X'U  in  111.'  moi'Min;;' ..,,  WiMny,  tlu. 

Mnl  nf    Vumi^t.  I  I'.i-i.     <'oluinl>iis  nmim  inMikciu'd  by  IIm-  nist- 

rn'll.lH.4ni.ilvmi1-l=.ttl...  Muoruft 
,„,„,     -n,..    Wnthrr  Sa.'rist.ii  nvms  su..„  ..,.  mimI  tl...  .■an.ll.M 
1       ;,v,an.lo,y(..,h h-hniliuu  uf  lloly  Ma.s     ( Ml   -ounl 

.,l,,V;,n.V..ls,    111.    NVal.h  KHllfls    l.li^lir.    tl..u..ul.    t    ...    stMh.b 

T,imMi'.-s,  H....  111.'  l.iul.  NNin.l-.sv  i.;.ti.-s  ..f  !..  UaLiMa  sluu.'  at 
Ih.t  unusual  hour.  WliiL'  Hm"  .....mu.iity  was  iHsuviully 
sluuilMriu;:',  Colnn.l.us,  with  p'Utlo  st..).,  ...iti-ml  tli-  HmiH' 

of  Our  i/i.lv.  Kof  I'i."  '"  ^^'"^  »  »''""""^'  "f  i">'  '""'  ''"•'^* 
s..l..niuitv.  *  Fall..".'  I'M"/.  "'iH-'l  ill  liissa.'.'nlutal  v.-stui.  nts 
asn-.wl'.l  tli.'sf.-i.-f  tl...  altar.  au.l..tr.'r...l  up  the  a,.;,M.st 
Su.Ti.i.v  l-ova.i  iul.'.iliou,  p.Tlu.ps  until  tlu-.i,  un  ...anl  <.f 
.inn.  til.,  institution  ..r  tin-  BLss.-.l  Kurlmnst  A  t  ...  t.nie 
of  ll.ily  Cunnninion,  I'olunibuh  ivirive.l  tlw  Hiva.l  ot  aUK^.s 
l)V  wav  of  riiifif'iiK  ,  , 

•Tl.anks;rivin«..vrr,  tl..-  A.lniin.l  nnd  tl'-V"*"^^, "•>'7^'«;^>; 
nassxl  ...,t  of   th..  vnuy.nU  nn.l,:.».s..rl..Ml  in    h.u.jxl.t  an 
sil..ur..,  w..n.l..<l  tl...i.'  way.  pnliaps,  .lown  I  .<•  drhnty  tlm 
l...,.ls  t..  l»alos.     Th..  last  star^  still  -litten'd  in  tli.-  sky,  and 
thi.  lirst  faint  glitnn.orings  of  dawn  lu-gan  to  appear  m  the 


111'  WMH  al- 
if.  :m'l  In* 
•iiltl  Ih'>.Mii 
ThinlOr- 
ilv  II  nliutt 
I'.'  Ills  I'll- 
ly  Wfll  ilii- 

,   ilt   HiK'll  U 


•'lidiiv,  tllrt 
V  lilt'  ni-^t- 
•y  tli«'  IiiikI 
lie  vt'tt'liill 
.  (^iiittiim; 
itlirr  Uiiiii- 

tll<*    CillWllt'S 

(Ml  ItouT'l 
tlir   siMli'ly 

i(l:i  sliiti*'  :it 
i  ))»'jH'('l'iilly 

llir  cIlJIlH'l 

y  iin«l  <l«'<i> 
I  Vfst  nil  tits, 
the  ini;L:iist 
unlifiinl  <»f 
v\t  tilt'  tiiiif 

•;ul  1)1'  illl^i'Ii^ 

t  rn)is('les.''ly 
[litmjxlit  iiul 
Ipclivity  that 
tilt'  sUy,  and 
[tpfur  ill  the 


«>n'«f,  Ti»irt'thi>r  ih^y  miivfjl  lU  ih»'  t«»\vii;  miil  ulthtnit  fhluy 
fhf  ciitti')'  ttf  Ihf  Stm/if  Mill  ill  wan  ••••i-n  ap|iiu!ichiii>r  lh«» 
sh'ti't'  to  I'ft't'ivt' thf  A'liiih'iil.  Tht' iiitnatt'.s  III'  thi- nfi^lilHti'- 
ln,U  hiiiisi'H  \M'ii' awaki'lH'il  hy  !h«' ^ihlill  Miln'suf  ih)'|iMii|M 
mill  ltout!H\vaiti.H.  ill  a  iiiuiiii-iit  iNioin  ami  \\itiih>\\H  thw  «)|ii>it, 
"Thi-y  pil "  "Thi-y  K'»I"  r«"*<aijifh'il  lioiii  Iuhhi-  Iu  h<MiHi«. 
MoIIh'I-m  ami  Minri'iM.  uivcs  arul  ihiltlifii  Imiiifl  tn  thf  i|iiay 
with  iniii.ulfil  ^\^\\s  aihl  »)I)h  ami  tci  i'*.  Ki:i>mls  ami  ifhi- 
liniiM  tlii-fu;  tlii'iiisflvi'N  iiitii  the  IuiiUm  III  hill  II  mid  ii«ti«>ii — 
jHihiips,  till' la^tt  rtd'i'vi'i'I  It  wasii  tiMHliiiijiM-i'm'.  ('niiiiii* 
iiiis  pir^si'il  (III-  |<';ithi'r  tfiiiiiilian  In  liU  hiail.  Mil  a  NJli'iit, 
farfvi'l'.  ami,  \\iili  iiais  in  hiHM|»;ii  ryi-i.  >*tr|nii'il  iiilu  Hi»« 
Nsaitil"?  ruttiT.  (Ml  H-at  iihitj:  thi-  Snnfn  Mni'tii,  |h'  \vti«*  ?••»• 
I'l'lvfu  with  all  thi'htiiiDi'M  iliif  liMiti  Ailniiiai  nf  ('asljic.  Ilo 
iiM'cmli'tl  ihr  |ti  >)i,  ami  tmik  a  rari'l'iil  ^lam'fat  lli)>  ananu*'- 
nii'iils.  'i'lic  si<;ii  was  ^iM'ii.  ilif  Hoal-i  linisii'd  iilioard,  anil 
till'  amliKjs  iliawM  up  t«»  lln'  pri»wM.  CttliinilaiM  wiivi'd  it 
liiial  atlini  },»  his  fncml.Kallirr  INtp/,,  and  thfcrnwd  <>ii  lln' 
.sliiil)',  litiiU  lii^  pl:ii'i>  nil  till'  ipial  ti'i'  ili-rU,  :i)i(|  uilli  a  Iniid 
\oici'  uidi'ii  1  tlii'>ail.s  In  In-  unrinit'd  in  iIh'  iiaim- t»l  .Irsiis 
ClniMl.  Kvi'iy  I'yi*  in  I'lilns  pi/.cd  aiixinusly  on  (Im*  whitH 
raiivasM,  uv  tin-  lilllc  Mpitlniii  piislii'd  out  to  ''fa,  riid  rapidly 
Njii'tl  ini  its  (laimt'Ktiis  jiiiiiiit'y. 

Ctilmnlais  \v;is  imw  rniiiy  alloat.  Tlii'  jxi'-'iit  vmhU  was 
really  coinim'nci'd.  Ki;dilt't'ii  years  of  wiary  t»»il.  ami  miIVit- 
iii'..  antl  \vatr'liiii<x.  and  waiting  had  passed  away,  the  white 
h  dis  (d"  hfly  seven  winters  <Towiied  his  manly,  a'ld  vetnT- 
ahle  iie:id,  ;ini|  IioW' 

'Willi  llif  wdihl  all  III  fore  liru, 
Ami  |iriivl(liiifi' lilfi  guIiU'  " 

he  liejjfan  anew  tn  hatlle  with  man  ami  lemp'st,  on  the  lir(iM<l 
liosoni  of  till'  nnknowii  and  mysteiiouM  Atlantii-.  llisrholeo 
was  made,  am!  his  (iiiide  did  not  fail  liini.'  ^^I'ter  orderiii'^ 
the  sails  to  he  iinfiu'led.l  his  lireutest  of  Adliiiinls  entered  his 
(•aliin.  and  with  pen  in  hand,  opemnl  the  .lonr.ia)  of  hisvoy- 

'  Till' foHoHliiL' si'iili'iicc  ■<nin«  up  ii  irniil  tmlh  In  riliilimi  lc>  Itic  D^coMrcr  of  Ann  ricii  ii 
Iruili  iiiiii>rii'ii  r<>i';;iiiirn  liv  lil<  l>iii;.'ni|ihrrH:  '  'i'lu-  ••n|H'ri  illy  of  ('cilumbilx.uf  liiM  ((I'IiIj.k,  iitiiiuf 
W.f  yraiidiiir,  «(.h  ».uin;j  lo  (il«  iilluiuim/ull^.-  Cuunt  tie  Lvigwu. 


m 


riimsTOPinni  vol lmul's. 


n-r.'.     The  first  words  lie  wrote  were:     "  In  nominr  Domini 
tio^lri  JisK  Vlirisfl.'" 

or  the  one  luindre.l  iiiul  twenty  men  on  the  three  vesseKs 
there  was  hut  onr  cmIii.  l,rovv,  onr  heiirt  that  kn.'sv  not  tear, 
onr  iniii.l   "constant  as   tlie  nortliern   star."     Thoujih  no 
lonnvr  voun-,  this  extraordinary  man  was  <-onvineed  that 
liis   lil'e\cf    liiv   l)efore  him,  and    Celt  within   hnnsell    the 
vuutli  of"  hope'and  an  immortal  fntiire.     But  he  was  well 
Invare  that  even  then  little  was  needed  to  ruin  everything 
ir  his  mrn  refused  to  sail  forward,  what  could  he  do  <     Jn 
many  breasts  the  old  reluctance  had  be.'U  only  smothered, 
not  nroperlv  ciuen.-he.l,  and  tht;  smoulderin-  lire  ot  disat- 
IVction  mi-ht  burst  into  iUimes  at  the  sli-htest  provocation. 
On   .M..nday  the  Pinla  ran  up  a  si.t,'nal  of  distress      1  he 
rudder  wasdisabh-d.     The  same  thin-  had  occurivd  belore 
in  the  conrse  of  the  preparations,  and  it  was  clearly  a  trick 
(,r    the  owners-who  were  on    board-to   force  ii    return. 
Thev  were  ready   to  sacritice  a  part  to  save   the   whole. 
^lartiuAIonzo  Piu/.on  patched  up  the  rudch'r  t<>mporarily, 
•uid  Columbus  steered  for  the  Canaries.     He  tried  ior  three 
^ve>.ks  to  pick  up  another  vessel,  but  failin^^  had  to  content 
l.i.nself  with  relittin-   the   Pinta.     The  .V//7.^  was    fresh 
,io...v<l  with   square   sails.     Danger  followed  danger.  Three 
Portu'-uese  caravels  were  in  waitiii-'  at  Ferro  to  stop  further 
i)r()"ivss;  bnt  (N)ltnnl);H  would  delay  no  lon.^er,  and,  ou  the 
(Jth'of  Septemb;"r,  he  set  sail  and  boldly  struck  out  to  sea 
Avithout  meetimj;  any  of  his  .supposed  enemies. 

Vl'ter  leaviui-'  the  Canaries,  the  hearts  of  the  sailors  were 
stricken  with  terror  at  the  si-ht  of  the  volcano  of  Teneritfe, 
an  eruption  from  which  was  just  tlien  lillin,u-  the  sea  and  sky 


.  rnlmpDlly  thU  historic  J<..irim)  \*  lost.    Then-  remains  b.it  an  abstract  of  it  made  by  Bishop 

^'TlH'''i'.ml  nisl.o,,  bn.l  not  a  in.Hi.'.i  frnpcnMnrnt  likr  rolnml.Ms,  and  could  not  in  tl,.'  l..Mst  ap^ 
J. .  ,>;  l,'l  ts  of  fanc'v.  so  nnd.r  the  idea  that  it  was  doin.  .ood  service,  instea. -f  n.ulnpbi"? 
CO  i  s  o  ?  .Io..n„.l  or  .■olnndH.s  an,i  securing  the  safe  ,rans„,i-.io„  of  an  o,  «,nal  work  o  .n- 
en  ..lal.le  vaiae  he  d-'lach-d  <l,e  hard  facts  from  ,1„.  acconumnvn,..'  ..omm.ntary.  and  a  sor 
o'  1.  1-  s  tl  e  resnlt.  Hard  facts  to  him  acre  prccions  stones,  and  cotnn.cnts  ,.ven  l.y  Cohnnl.ns 
were  tin-el  -ettin-.  The  .lonrnai  has  perished,  and  oidy  tia'  .■on>p..i,dium  reman.s.  1  he  prean  - 
;;;;;.;';;,:  ..oarnal  however,  is  extant;  and  from  it  may  l,e  ;;nessed  whata.rea.urc  ha»  hcenlost. 

Falhff  Knifihl,  S.  J.  „  ,  ,  n    i,  iii 

This  preamble  can  be  found  in  Irving.    A  ol.  I,  Book  Ul. 


% 


VlllllSTOl'lIini  I  01.  fM/t I X 


r.9 


III'  Domini 

llt'f  vcMsols 
tv  not  ft'iir, 
riioiiflh   no 
ini'«'(l  that 
linisfll'   the 
e  was  wi'll 
'verytliiii^. 
IumIo^     In 
sniothci't'd, 
I'e  of  disiif- 
rovocation. 
tivss.     Th(5 
iTt'd  bd'oli; 
arly  a  trick 
'  ji   return, 
the   wliole. 
einporarily, 
■d  i'or  tlui'o 
I  to  content 
was    Trcsli 
inger.  Three 
stop  furtlier 
and,  on  the 
V  out  to  sou 

sailors  were 
of  Teneriffe, 
sea  and  sky 


'  it  made  by  Bishop 

I  not  ill  tlic  li'ii^'t  iip- 
tnul  of  miiltiiil>iiic; 
(iiiyiiiiil  woik  i)f  iii- 
Mitiiry,  and  a  surl  of 
seven  by  ('iiliMnlins 
nains.  The  preani- 
uiiMirc  lius  been  lost. 


with  ii  lurid  <i;lare.  Tliey  thou.Liht  they  beheld  in  this  lli<' 
Hatniiiii:  sword  of  the  An^ivlic  (Juard  who  (hove  the  first 
man  <»iit  of  I'ai'adise,  waviny  lu-foie  the  s(»ns  of  men  to 
warn  tlicm  Iroin  tlie  enti'anc(^  of  these  forhlchh'ii  seas  and 
shores,  (.'ohinibus  wfut  fi'oni  sliijt  to  ship,  in  or(h'r  to  dispel 
the  u'eiid'al  panic,  and  to  explain  scieiitilically  io  those 
siinjde  nit'ii,  the  ])liysical  laws  wiiicli  govern  tliis  seemingly 
awfid  phenomenon,  lint,  when  the  ])eak  of  TenerilTe  disa])- 
peared  beneath  tlie  horizon,  tin;  mariners  bemoaned  its  loss 
wiih  a  degree  of  sorrow  equal  to  their  former  feai'.  lM»r 
them  it  was  the  last  sea  mat  ,  the  last  beacon  (d'  the  old 
world  ;  and  in  h/sing  sight  of  it  they  seemed  to  liave  lost  the 
veiy  traces  of  theii-  I'oufe  across  a  now  immeasurable  sjiace. 
They  felt  as  if  detached  from  this  eaith  altogether,  and  as  sail- 
ing through  the  ether  oTllie  jilanvt.  A  geneial  proslrali(»u  of 
sold  and  body  seized  upon  them,  and  they  were  as  spectres 
who  had  lost  their  very  tombs  I  Once  more  the  Admiial  gatli- 
ei'ed  them  around  him  and  tried,  in  words  soft  and  elotpient, 
to  infuse  into  their  souls  somcMjf  his  lii'e  and  energy. 

Ibit  the  distance  alone  was  enough  to  teirify  the  crews. 
In  order  to  keep  them  in  ignorance  of  the  extent  sailed  over, 
Col II minis  was  accustomed  every  night  in  calculating  the 
day's  piogiess  to  subtra(  t  a  part  of  the  distance,  thus  keep- 
ing two  reckoidngs— the  correct  one  for  his  own  private  use, 
th(f  othtM-  to  satisfy  the  eiupdries  of  hisofiicers  and  seanu^n. 
The  secpial  showed  the  worldly  wisdom  of  the  contrivance. 

When  the  squadron  had  sailed  about  two  hundred  leagues 
west  of  Teneriffe,  a  new  and  most  singulai-  phenomeiit)nb(>gan 
to  puzzle  the  Admiral.'    (Jladly  would  he  have  concealed  it 


'  On  the  l!l(b  of  Sentember  tho  senins  of  C'o)ambn»  enilnriMl  a  rude  shoelj.  His  ntlentlvo  pyo 
notices  tbe  earliest  siL'ii  of  niairnelie  variation.  It  was  the  ///>-,' lirne.  sinee  tlie  comiiieni'einent 
of  liisiiiry  iliat  the  like  (iliservaljcni  was  made.  The  Admiral  remarked,  at  nightfall,  that  tho 
maL'iieiie  TM'eille.  in  place  of  pointiii'i  to  the  north  star  heeanie  directed  to  tho  northHe.st;  and 
that  early  the  next  day  the  variation  was  ureater.— We  l/irii'ie'!. 

Some  wriliTs  on  science  bold  tlia;  mannclic  variation  was  known  before  the  time  of  Colnml  nn. 
In  sni)|ioit  of  Ibis  they  refiT  to  the  Latin  letter  of  I'eter  .Xdsisjer.  written  in  I'.O!!.  and  ((Milalned  m 
a  \olame  of  Mss.  in  tin'  lilirary  of  the  rnhiTsily  of  l,eyden.  It  is  trie  that  In  this  letter  .Xdsiuer 
dislinclly  refers  to  the  variation  of  th.-  needle;  hut  it  is  ypt  un  opeiiqiiestlon  wlullier  the  letter 
itself  is  authentic. 

The  early  history  of  tbe  compass  is  shrowded  in  obscurity.  It  seenisi  that  tlie  nttiactive  power 
of  tbe  loadstone  over  small  pieces  of  iron  was  known  from  remote  antiquity.    It  is  clearly  re- 


ed 


CtfltLt  TO  PIIHR  CO  I.  L  -Ml!  I 'S. 


fro,.,  all  his  ro,„iK,nlo„s.     This  w:,m  tho  '•"/';''/     ^'^  ^  " 
lu-fdli'  of  ,1...  compass     his  h,s,  a„.l  h,lh.'.t<.  ,„lall,U.'  ^u,.!.. 
_whi<-h  „ow  s.'.-m.'a  to  fail  liiia  <.»  tlu'  Iu.kU'Is  ol  an   ,in- 
la,ou„  h.-.„i-.i.h.,,..     F..,-  a  r.-w  days  he  ra,Ti-l  n.  h.s  <.u,. 
,„i„a.  ,hiss.rivta,i.l  tr,Til.l(.  ...isdvi,.-;  but  the  p»h..s  who 
visit.Ml  the  hi„„acl..  as  a„xi<.„sly  as  hi.aself.  so..,,    ,a.t,.M,l 
these  si„-„la>-  va,iatio„s.    Sha,-i„,u-  fnllv  i„  his  ;,stoi,isl,a.e„(, 
l,„t  less  aetelM,i„e,l  to  brave  „at,..e  herself  i„  the  pi"ser,,,,o,l 
of  theil-e„tep,ise.  they  n.„rll,<le.l  that  o„  the  bo,de,' «.l  ,ll„i,- 
itable  space,  even  the  el..,ne„ts  tl,(>I„selves  we,-e  ,,..  lo„,..er 
govemell  by  i.,va,iable  laws.     l>ale  a,.d  t.orilied  they  ^ave 
urte,.„,ce  P.  theh-  (h.ubts,  a„d  resi^.u-d    the.,'  slops  to   the 
me.rv  of   the  winds  and  waves,  as   then.vfo.lh    th.-,.'  o.,ly 
ouides      All  the  sailoi-s   we.-e    tilled  with  .•onste,.,at.o.,   o.i 
Jeireivinu-  the  p:,nic  wl.i.-h  l.a.l  sei/,e.l  th.-  pih.ts.     (  o bnnbns 
_wh..  had  vainlv  endeavo,ed  to  satisfy  his  own  i,.„.<l  nn  the 
ve-isouof  a  ..hei.oa.en.Mi'  which  n.ay  be  ra.dxed  anion-  the 
mvsveries^^(      s.-ien.'e-now   had   .econ.se  to  that    .  .c U   a..d 
Ih-elv  i.na-iuation  with  which  as  an  inte.-nal  co,„pass.  Ueave.i 
li„d'..ifted  hin..     He  invented  foi'  these  ....t.itoivd  minds  a 
h,stv  explanation.     He  ^.1,1  t'hea,  that  the  di,-ect...,.  ol   thy 
need"h'  was  not  to  the  pole  sta.-,  bnt  to  son,.'  lix(><l  a,i(    .nv,s,- 
ble  point      The  va.iation,  therefore,  was  not  caused  by  any 
fallacv  in  the  (•ompass,  b.it  by  tl,.'  n.ovement  of  the  no,th 
star  itself,  which,  like  othev  heavenly  bodies,  he  sa.d,  lia<l 
its  cha,i"es  and  ,evol,itio,is.  an.l  eve,-y  day  desc,-.b(>d  a  .•„•- 
de  an.nnd  the  pole.     The  hi.iih  opinion  the  sailors   .■ntei-- 
tained  of  Colmubns  as  a  ])i-ofo.,nd  ast,'onomer  gave  wei-lit 
to  his  theorv,  ami  their  alarm  subsided. 

The  chan-'-e  of  the  constellation  also  helped  to  alarm  them. 
All  thin-s  wei-e  sti'an,ue-a  new  earth  and  a  new  sky  and 

Kren.„  „o.n.  .■,.,).■..  fM  im  >.,,.'     C-'-;   ""        '^  .^^^m      .1     .mv.;..>-.  .1,,.,  an  .„.,ian. 

r:^-;r;;s:rn^:^  ■—  *"^ " -^'-'^ 

"TortlK.  hi-torv  of  the  compass  and  th.  Ihcoru.  of  .na.n.luW.n.  s...  Art   ■•  Ma.n.lisnr  in 
IKCJi'i,  Vol.  XI. 


riiiusropiUM  I  v 1. 1  Mit i s. 


01 


on  of  tlio 
il  Ic  niiitli' 
of  :in  nu- 
ll his  own 
pilols  who 
III  iiotictd 
(iiishiui'iit, 
I'oscciitiou 
ci'dl'  illiin- 

iio  Idii.iit'r 

thfV  .uavii 
iij»s  t«»  I  he 
tlu'ir  only 
inatitdi   on 

Coluniliiis 
liiul  on  tlio 
nnion.ii'  tli»< 
r  licii  iin<l 
iss.  llcavtii 
I'd  r.iii'tls  ;i 
•tion  ol"  tht! 

and  invlsi- 
s('(l  by  any 
f  the  north 
(>  said,  had 
•libivl  u  cii'- 
ilors  cntrr- 
;,avo  weiglit 

darni  thcui. 
;\v  skv  and 


in  ttic  nil-  ill  a  ti'iu- 
lic  twi'lf'li  I'l'iiiiM-y, 
rlioiiliiily  ill  iiii  iM 
year  r.llii.  iiiciiliims 
vcr,  tliiil  iin  lliiliaii, 
r  (if  llir  niariiur'n 

•t.  ■•Miii.'iiilisiM"  in 
jn't*  Aiiitiica  I'ljdo- 


iu'wlaws  of  natnic.  Colninhns,  liowpvrr,  st'cnicil  lo  know  no 
fear,  Of  only  to  IVnr  tln'  IViiis  of  his  conipaniinis.  A  niaunil- 
iccnt  int'tt'or  lillcd  him  with  adniiialion,  l»nl  lln*  i  I'.-ws.  with 
terror.  His  trust  was  no!  in  conipass  or  constt'lljilions.  hut 
in  the  unidinn"  hand  ol"  (Jod  nnd  in  a  Si;ir  of  ilic  Si 'a  shinin.ii; 
from  a  hiuln-i'  iH-avt'ii  than  the  eyes  of  the  body  coiilil  riiich. 
TIk' standard  ol'  tho  (,'ross  was  lloatinu"  ovcihciid  lodiscon- 
ccit  tlic  spirits  ol'  <hiikti('ss  jind  to  rectify  all  nialiuiiant  in- 
Ihlences  of  tlio  elements,  iind  every  eveninif  the  Miund  of  the 
,sV///v'  Ifiii'ni'i  and  the  Arr  Murix  !<trlhi  sanctilied  tiiose  vast 
solitudes  where  jjever  from  <'reati(Jii's  dawn  the  voice  of  man 
liiid  .sounde(l  until  then — 

Tlicy  were  till- rn>t  I li:it  ever  liurst 

lull)  tllMl   >il('lll   MM. 

Th(>  .V<lniiral  shut  liiniself  up  at  stat(^d  times  ev(My  day. 
to  make  his  nie(lit;iti(»n  and  recite  his  oUice.  like  a  l*'iancis- 
can.  lie  was  ])retty  iie;iily  all  tin-  remainder  of  the  dny 
and  niuht  at  his  station  on  the  poop,  keepinjj,'  watch.  The 
AV(>iither  was  charmiiiii',  the  trade  wind  steady,  and  the 
pro,i;ress  rai)id.  Hut  the  hearts  of  the  wanderers  sank  within 
them.  The  fail'  wind  beuau  to  be  the  chief  of  all  theii'  ocean 
teir(»rs.  They  wci'e  drivin.ii'  along  bt'fore  the  biccze  gaily  to 
their  doom,  for  if  the  wind  blew  always  from  the  east  they 
could  never  sail  back! 

Already,  towards  the  end  of  Se]»tembt>r.  the  ciews  were 
i-ijie  for  mutiny.  Argnnient  iiad  been  exhausted  ;  authority 
was  little  regaided.  No  elFort  was  nuide  to  disguise  tlm 
jjeneral  discontent,  Hut  (jolumbus  held  on  his  course.  The 
wind  shifted  to  the  west,  t(»  the  immense  relief  (»f  ail.  Next 
<lav,  a  calm  ensued.  Then  liiiht  br«'e/es  came  and  went. 
As  the  caravels  advanced  slowly  they  encounteivd  great 
masses  of  sj^a-weed,  for  they  had  arrived  at  tlie  -^/"r  dc 
t^orf/d-tso,  where,  over  an  extent  of  surface  which  Humboldt 
declaies,  to  be  more  than  seven  tiities  the  area  of  France, 
the  ocean  jOain  is  thickly  covered  with  floating  verdure,  and 
sometimes  i'esend)les  a  vast  nn<lidating  nu'adow.  At  first 
the  greater  abundance  of  sea-weed  was  noticed  with  delight. 


CinilSTOrifER  COL  UMIiVS. 


:'Hi 


ns  II  .si^n  that  t\w  hmd  was  not  far  away.  Tlu>n  pivat  f.-ars 
U'^nn  to  Ik-  fflt  1.-st,  iK'ichaiuv,  llw  only  land  nii-ht  lu^ 
fniiiid  to  1m'  those  hidden  ledi^es  and  drowned  islands,  ..f 
which  manv  feaiful  tales  were  told.  S-rious  alarm  ivi.irned 
in  the  ndnds  ol"  the  cvews.  They  believed  they  had  fi(»t  to 
thoHH  endless  swamps  of  the  ocean,  which  were  said,  to  serve 
nsbonadarieslo  the  world,  and  as  tondis  lor  the  cnric.sity 
of  those,  who  dared  to  enter  them.  The  crowds  of  plants 
giowia-i' in  iniinite  innhers,  presented  the  as<.ect  of  an  nn- 
honnded  marsh,  which  the  Almijihty  Creator  had  placed  as 
a  limit  in  the  ocean,  in  order  to  stop  the  temerity  (.f  man- 
kind. 

The  most  fearless  tnrned  i.ale.     It  seemed,  as  if,  tin  u-  m- 
aescril»al)le  latitndes  had  been  marked,  as  the  last  lindt  of 
navigation,  ami  that  this  small  herbaj-e,  b;  comin.u'  more  and 
more  dense  and   matted,  the  caiavels  would  so(.n  be  com- 
j.letely  in  its  bounds,  amlr.'turn  would  be  impossible.    Mi^ht 
they  not  also  become  the  prey  of  sea-monsters,  hidden  under 
that  verdure  <  Mi«iht  not  famine  s<«<.ii  stare  them  in  the  face, 
as  durini;-  the  coidlict  of  their  prows  with  the  herba-c  their 
sea   stores  would  become  exhausted,   little  by  little  i  Thus 
(piestioned  the  sailors,  their  heads  beinj;-  freely  haunted  with 
fri^•htful  visicms,  the  natural  c.msecpu-nces  of  stories  heard 
in  other  (lavs,  around  the  liresiih',  durin,i>-  the  lon^-  watchin.iis 
of  winter.  '  Thev  had  heard  of  the  submarine  fiiant,  (»f  the 
north,   >f  the  teirible  Kraken  who  with  one  am  embiaced 
the  Wi.ite  Sea,  while  with  the  other  he  grasped  the  (Jerman 
Ocean  !  Nor  did  they  forget  tlu^  nameless  monsters,  tluit  eat 
seamen  and  draggedslnps  into  whirlpools!  Even  tlie  gigantic 
voc  of  the  Arabians,  might  some  day  suddenly  pounce  down 
on  them  from  the  air.     It  was  represented  as  moving  on 
innnense  wings  in   those  distant   latitudes;  and  the  story 
Avent,  that  it  could  seize  with  its  bill,  not  only  a  man  or  a 
bark,  but  even  a  large  ship  with  all  its  eqnippage.     This 
dreadful  bird  was  said  to  soar,  with  its  vast  burdens  np  to 
the  clouds,  and  from  that  diz/.y  height  amused   itself  by 
tearini;  and  breaking  them  to  pieces,  and  letting  them  fall- 
men,  and  masts,  and  planks— into  the  hideous  waves  of  the 


rent  fears 
liii;j,lit  lie 
shiiitls,  (if 
11  i{'i,i;ii(Ml 
11(1  ^ot   to 

1,    to  St'l'S«' 

ciiiiosity 

of  ithmts 

oT  ;mi  iiu- 

j)l:ict'(l  iis 

V  (»r  niaii- 


,  tin  •('  iii- 
st  limit  of 
nioi'c  aiul 
n  be  coiii- 
!«'.    Mi«>ht 
l(lt'r\  uiuici' 
11  the  liic*', 
Ikiia'c,  tlicii' 
tth'i  Tims 
untt'<l  with 
)iit's  heard 
•  watcliinsiS 
ant,  of  the 
I  einbiiici'd 
lie  (Jeiinan 
I's,  that  eat 
he  <ii^antic 
lunce  down 
uiovinp:  on 
I  the  story 
I  man  or  a 
lage.     Til  is 
liens  np  to 
I   itself  by 
them  fall— 
iives  of  the 


II 


CllRlSTOrilKlt  COIL  Mills. 


m 


plonmynndboiiTidlessocean  I  Now,  at  last,  they  had  reached 
lliej)la('eof  their  doom.  No  breath  was  in  the  air.  no  ii|>- 
l»le  marked  the  <i;reeii  sea,  which  stretched  away  without 
limit— a  levi'l  i)hiin  on  every  side.  They  felt  that  ihey  had 
broiijiht  their  fate  iiixin  themselves,  an<l  had  themselves  to 
thank.  Had  they  not  i-eaily  kn(»wn  all  the  time  tiiat  such 
u  voyage  was  th</  extreme  of  madness  '. 

Foitimately,  the  surface  did  not  hnifr  remain  smooth; 
fjreat  billows  rose  and  fell,  and  the  i)hantom  of  i)er[)etual 
staiunation  vanished,  as  the  jthantoin  of  jierjietual  east  wind 
liad  done.  On  the  '27)\\\  of  Septemlier,  t'lie  I'iitla  bein^'  close 
to  the  l^autd  Mario,  Martin  Alonzo  Pinzon,  deceived  by  ii 
cloud  Tijion  the  horizon,  cried  out,  "Land!  land!  I  claim 
the  ])rize."  All  his  crew  were  shoutin,!,^  with  joy;  the  men 
of  the  ^V//7f/ ran  up  the  i-ij^'uinu;  f«tra  better  view,  and  con- 
tirnied  the  announcement.  Columbus  fell  on  his  knees,  ami 
intoned  the  (iloriit  in  r.rrclffis:  When  the  mistake  was  dis- 
covered,the  revulsion  of  feelini'  '.vas  terrible.  Siiiiis  of  land 
for  the  next  few  days  kept  a  glimmeriu<;'  hope  alive;  l»et 
the  distance  which  sev<'red  them  from  the  world  of  liiimau 
beings — oHl)  lea<i;ues  they  were  told,'  but  real'y  7(»7,  as  Co- 
Imnbnswell  knew — seemed  to  shut  out  all  chances  of  return. 

Nor  must  it  be  ima<iined  that  these  mariners  were  witlKHit 
stout  hearts;  but  what  a  daring  thing  it  was  to  plunge, 
down-hill,  as  it  were,  into 

"A  world  of  waves',  a  sea  without  a  shore, 
Traekless,  and  vast,  aud  wild," 

mocked  day  after  day  with  signs  of  land  that  neared  not. 
They  had  left  at  home  all  that  is  dearest  to  man  here  below, 
and  did  not  bring  out  any  great  idea  to  uphold  them,  and 
had  done  enough  to  make  them  important  men  in  th.eir 
towns,  and  to  furnish  ample  talk  for  the  evenings  of  their 
lives. 

Srill  we  find  Columbus,  as  late  as  the  3d  of  October  say- 
ing "that  he  did  not  choose  to  stop  beating  about  last  week 

'  "On  ilu'Hrct  of  OctobiT,  at  ilayl)re»k,  \vrilei<  tlic  CoiinliU'  l.orjiiu':',  llieliiutcnaiit  of  siTvicc, 
with  nil  ntct'iit  itt  li'rror  wliicli  lif  could  not  control,  di'ilarcd  that  thoy  had  niado  .MS  Iimkuus 
wi'stwuril  from  tliu  Island  of  Fcrro.    This  llguro  cast  tliu  iTt'Ws  into  the  greutost  di'joctioii.'' 


ii 


I 


(!4 


( 'I mis TOl'llFAi  COL  I  Ml! L  S. 


Umiii--  tlins<'(lnyMtliiit  tlicy  luid  such  sl^'iisof  land,  !iltliouf;li 
he  had  knowh-di,.'  (»f  th.'ir  ht-iiiu-  r.-rtaiii  ishiiids  in  that 
ni'*mhl)nrl;  M.d,  hrcai.M'  li.'  would  not  snih'V  any  (h-t.-ntion, 
sinri.  Ids  ol.jcct  was  tu  p.  (<•  the  Indies;  and  if  he  MJioultl 
stn].  on  thf  way  it  would  sht)W  u  want  of  mind." 

Diirinu-  all  this  lonu'  vt»\ajx<'  the  Adndial  held  conininnion 
onlv  with  his  own  tiioii^hts,  the  stars,  and  llravcn,  nnd.  r 
whi.sf  protection  he  I'clt  himself  to  be.  Ahnost  without 
skv'p,  he  spent  his  days  in  his  cul.in,  takin.u' note  of  tlu"  de- 
gre«'s,  the  latitudes  and  distance  he  ivckoned  he  had  passt'd, 
in  characters,  no  one  hut  himself  coidd  decipher;  an»l  spent 
Ids  ni,<,dits  on  deck,  heside  the  pilots,  studN  in<i-  the  stars  and 
the  appearance  of  the  ,sea.  lie  was  ahnost  utterly  alone. 
Like  Moses  of  old,  leading  (Jod's  peopl(>  thi(»u;^h  the  desert, 
his  pensive  giavity  impressed  Ids  companions  with  a  min- 
gled respect,  distrust  and  fear,  which  held  them  aloof  from 
him.  And  thus  lived  tiie  discoverer  of  America  in  that  stuto 
of  solitude  and  separation  which  is  frecpiently  the  fate  of 
men  sui)erlor  to  their  fellows  in  object,  grasp  of  ndnd,  and 
grandeur  of  i(l<'a. 

>''|'he  sea  is  always  line,"  wrote  C(dund)us  in  his  Journal; 
'•be  inlinite  thanksgiven  to  God."  But  he  was  now  fated  to 
need  all  his  strength  and  prer.ence  of  ndnd.  The  hour  of 
trial  and  fearful  test  was  at  hand.  Tlu^  illusion  of  land  seen 
but  never  found,  and  the  iron  purpose  of  (Jolumbus  in  luir- 
suing  his  way  withoid  turidng  either  to  the  right  <*r  the 
left,  exasperated  the  ofliciMs  who  counselhid  a.  dilTerent 
course.  Murmurings  were  changed  into  hatred.  The  crews 
daily  grew  moro  and  more  sullen— a  mark  of  the  greatest 
discouragement.  Unknown  to  the  ofiiceis,  tlie  sailors  would 
gather  in  groups  of  three  or  four  to  console  one  another. 
These  meetings  grew  more  frequent.  Discontent  becani'^ 
general.  Soon  no  ])ains  were  takeu  to  disguise;  their  pent-up 
feelings  of  fear  and  wrath.  As  Spaniards  tliey  naturally  de- 
tested this  eccentric  foreif/n'r,  who  liad  madly  resolved,  they 
said,  to  find  what  only  existed  in  his  over-lieated  imagina- 
tion. In  order  to  beablet-i  -■))eak  ill  of  him— even  in  Ids 
very  presence—they  gave  him  tiie  nicknames  of  ''bniggarV 


(1.  nlt1i(>u<r1i 

ids   in  tliiit 

•  (Ictfufidti, 

he  should 

coiiiniuiiion 
liven,  uiidt  r 
DSt  witlMnit 
'  (if  the  dti- 
liiid  passed, 
;  and  spent 
lie  stai's  and 
lerlv  al(»ne. 
I  the  desert, 
villi  a  niin- 
I  aloof  I'l'oni 
in  that  statu 
the  fate  of 
f  mind,  and 

his  Journal; 
now  fated  to 
riie  hour  of 
of  land  seen 
ibns  in  i)nr- 
ri.Liht  <*r  tlu^ 

II  dllTerent 
The  crews 
tlie  greatest 
ailors  would 
)ne  another, 
tent  l)ecanr> 
heir  pent-up 
laturally  de- 
^solved,  they 
ted  iniagina- 
-even  in  his 

''bnKjgarV 


viiiusroviiEit  1 1)1. r. Mill's. 


<;,) 


and  ^^Jtunihiifi.'"'  The  old  saihuN  wliispered  to  oni»  another 
that  he  was  a  f(»ol.  Allai;reed  that  t<i  pu>h  on  fiirllier  was 
to  ^o  to  eeriain  destruetioii. 

Was  it  riu'ht,  they  sui<i,  that  (»ne  hundred  and  twenty  imn 
— most  ol  ihein  (.'astilians    should  perish  throii^ih  the  whims 

of  this  dre;iiiiinn' (Jenctese  ;     Nevel'I    He  must  lie  told  to  turil 

back  to  S[.nin;  and  in  ease  of  his  r';fusal  wliy  heave  him  in- 
to the  sea  whi'-]i  l:"so  iniieh  admired.  This  riuorous  couise 
was  unavoidahU?.  ^e -"ssity  knew  no  law.  Then,  it  would 
be  easy  on  their  return  to  puMish  that  he  fell  of  aceident 
into  the  ocean,  whih;  ohseivini;  the  stars.  There  was  even  a 
.secret  a,u"l'etnueiit  helween  the  ci'ews  of  the  three  carav«'ls. 
This  conspiracy  had  almost  every  sailoi-  a*,  an  accomplice, 
while  it  had  nohody  as  chief. 

The  cap'ains'  of  the  I'inlit  and  .V//7'/  wei'e  not  iiiiKD'ant  of 
thejilot  .vhicli  was  hatcliinn' a.t;a"n>t  the  Aduiiral,  hut  their 
HUpcrior  intelligea<"e  prevented  them  from  parlicipatinir  in 
tim  fears  of  the  common  seamen.  They  cai'efully  abstained, 
however,  from  sayinij;  a  word,  liut,  it  appears,  that  many 
times,  in  their  communications  with  ('oliimlius,  the  three 
I'in/.iiiis  l)y  their  lofty  jiirs  iind  hau,uhty  proceedin^is  made 
him  sorely  feel  their  slren<j,th,  and  his  own  unhapjty  iso- 
lation. 

The  eveniui!;  of  the  KUli  of  ()ctol)er — two  days  before  Co- 
luml>us  doubted  the  si/e  of  the  world's  map— saw  the  crews 
in  a  state  of  (»pen  revolt.  Their  feelings,  so  huig  dammed 
uj),  now  buist  forth  like  tlie  roar  of  a  cataract.  Mach  night, 
according  to  the  Admirals  oiders,  the  three  Vessels  di'ew 
quite  close  to  each  other;  ami,  in  the  jtreseiit  instance,  no 
sooner  had  they  drawn  near  than  the  Pin/.ons  followed  )ty 
their  men,  all  ai'meil.  jumped  on  the  deck  of  ('oluml)us' 
.shi]),  and  with  fury  in  their  looks,  and  steel  in  theii-  naiids 
loudly  summoned  him  at  once  to  turn  the  jtrows  of  thecaia- 
vels  to(!astiIe.  His  own  crew  and  ])ilots — even  the  crown 
oHicers  and  his  wife's  nephew — had  joined  in  the  revolt.  lie 
was  "alone  against  all  I  "  Ib^  had  exhausted  words;  besides 
terror-stricken  men  neither  hear  nor  reason.     Yet  tliis  great 

•  Till'  IMii/.oiirt. 


, 


^  ciinisruNfim  rurrunrs. 

„,„ „.nio.v..vv.Mn..ruvMry.n.lmMMtl..-ruiynr.l,.w.',.... 

^"  i,',;,.ls,.,t...l  lop.  loth..  IU.U..S     :.uathMl   U|"     ••• 

V.I    .'.r-.l    to   .vl;.t.-  Il.is   s.:iui..U  .MM-  ot   .nrnp".l  >1  "  • 

'XtXZn   tl..y   <i;.t..sl..a:     lM.iloso,!.y   <-....;.    -I  ;.•;' 
Jh'i,  n  i.l.H.o.n.n.m.     It  stmuls  .Ion.  ...  Insm.y.    ll...|..pa 

:lj:/;;:;i....,a,...h.n.s,i.:.i.!u...ss.Miio,,snho.u.^  - 

,  „:,,.     »4.„.,.    ,l,.still.t.'<'l    i.l.V   |..ll..tl!lllo... 

Ji         u    :n,..ai.i....JXMi..srs..H.n,.o,.llM..sl.^ 

'„    ,-n.st.     Tho„.h  .1.-  l.n.,.z..s  w....  snit  :...<1  l.al...> 

-n." ---".. n,...s, t..n.....n..s... 

Nim.lM'iN  ol   iM'ticls  wi'iv  s.M'...     A   imii.  ..  -'""" 
(M,  .lilVr.viit  o<r:isiolis.li.l'l..,-  thfd.iN. 

til.'  (ll'dOt'ill"'  llOlX'S  of  tl.t'  SllilolS.  ,;,.,.„ 

v..  s.,.;.nt  .low,!   ih....i..^   into   th.  vnsr  :n,.l  sohlMvy 

f;:;;:';;:::;;;ru;;:^^^^^^^  ' ••"• 


'  //l!lsTorit/:ii  in/.t  Mil  I  .<, 


•'.7 


iii;it»'ls  !<•' 

II  lirio  nl' 
v\■^'  ill  Nilill 
;il    IH'illM'l' 

1,  witli  til'' 

It'    Mlllullt. 

ijn't\  spa  I  • 
all  a  !'• 'I'- 
ll f\|>Iaiu 
Tilt'  liti;4t'l* 

CollllllliUH, 

n  il'  lit'  (liil 
imliiiiiii'  tlh" 

|||i>     llllCt'- 

i»r  siicli  !iii 

iiiituial  :!i'l 
'  wralli,  '•♦'- 
ami  lialiiiy, 
s  increased. 
I  l)iilriisli,  !i 
I'liiit,  iiiid  11 
i.jt'  oliscrvfil 
iisMistuint'd 

[uul  solitary 

]•(.  well'  |il't'- 

1(1  was  iwar ; 
chanii't'il  lii^ 
l()  stcfv  duo 
.,1.  a('c(»rdinK 


„.n  lii-civw-  '•uiTO 
ill  iKiiiL'liI  hi-tlir"at- 

Ml^tlllIK•ll    lUIll  ulullO 


fi»  nisfiim.  ill  sini:iii.,r  t||,.  >•//,.,  //,  y///*/.  nf  rlif  cinicliisiuii  of 
vliirh  the  Adiiiiial  iiiadf  iln-iii  a  iui  iliiiiu  di-riMir,c,  ||i> 
^Illlk.•  of  (III-  iiH'iry  nl'  thai  ucmhI  (i,n\  u|iti  had  nialiltd  llu-lii 

to  Ifarjl  sr:i>    ll.vcr   nil    liy    Kr.'l    Im-I'mI''.       lit-  ilnUfil   lliflll    tu 

Miisc  ili.'ir  I iH  In  ;rriiii''idf.  and  \atiiiiii>li  ih.ir  r.-ar-.  I'l.r 

fliaf  till'  riillilliMi'iii  ul"  tlii>||-  hn|M  s  wax  iii-ai-  al  hand.  That 
v<  I  y  iii;hi.  h  ■  siid,  voiihl  m'l  ih-  ••id  of  thiir  nii'nii>iai>h> 
Mtya.u't'.  II«'  linally  ivniniiiii-inh-d  all  in  uatrli  and  |>ia\  iis 
llnii'  fVes  uuiild  lii'hnld  land  Iti-rrric  nn.i  niiiu'.  Ilf  nnl.ifd 
flit'  piliiis  lit  h'sscii  >ail  al'irr  niidiiiuht.  and   |'i'Mini-Md.  In-- 

hides  till'  <Jni-i'll'M    |i|vniilllll.   tn   uJv,.   n  \,.i\rf    ill. Ill  I. 'I    lit   liiM 

Iicrsuii  uhn  witiild  liiNt  aniKiiiiicK  land,  rnliiniliiis  iIh'Ii  ic. 
tiiriH'd  l<»  his  calijii.  What  pas-rd  linTr  in  I  In- t  •ivl  nl' his 
Ilea;!  has  iutt  Ihtii  uivcii  lu  hisiui'v. 

Till-  ;i'i'i'alc>.|  aniniatioii  jii'i'vailiMl  llir(iii'j.Iiniii  the  ships; 
n<»,'  an  eye  was  rinsed  ihal  iiiiihl.  Aiiuiii  i.-ii  u'elnck.  the 
Admiral  niuiinleil  iJii.  pimp.  Sraieejy  had  he  l;i(|  tlnTe, 
when  his  eauii' glance  seemed  to  discern  :i  liyhl  ylimnierint;' 
in  the  disfance.  l-'eaiiiiu'  thai  his  eau'er  hopes  miLihi  deeeivi* 
him  he  called  to  one  ul'  his  dllicers  named  I'eier  (.'nlieriv/, 
and  deniandeil  whiiher  he  saw  a  li;;lil  in  lliar  diiectiun; 
the  lalter  replied  in  the  allirmative,  ('olniiil>iis.  yet  dunl)f,. 
I'nl  whether  it  ini'^ht  \n>\  he  sniiie  deliisinii  of  the  laiicy, 
called  Ifodeiic  Saiiche/,  of  Seyiiv  ia,  and  made  the  saiiie  in- 
(piiry.  I5y  the  time,  however,  the  latter  had  ascended  iho 
roiiiiddioiise,  ihe  li^ht  liad  disappeared. 

They  saw  il  imre  or  twice  afterwards  in  sudden  and  pass- 
in;;- .ujeanis,  as  if  it  \v<'re  a  tuich  in  the  hark  ol'  a  Msheiniaii, 
risinu;  and  sinking:- with  the  waves:  or  in  the  hands  nl'  snim^ 
persnii  nil  shore,  Imriie  up  and  down  ;is  he  walked  rioin 
h(»ns(^  tn  lioase.  So  (raiK'ieiit  and  uncertain  were  i  hese 
.iileams,  that  few  attached  any  importance  to  rheni.  (,'o!iiin- 
hiis,  however,  considered  them  as  certain  signs  nl*  land,  and, 
iii(»reover.  that  the  land  was  inhaltited. 

After  midniuht  they  pi  oceeded  cautiously,  the  /*!///(( 
beiiijir  cniisiderahly  in  advance.  Kvery  eye  was  straiiiiiiii' 
llironu'h  the  glnoni— every  heart  throhliiiiu'.  What  nuist 
have  been  the  IWllng.s  of  the  great  and  goon  man,  whose 


„.i,Pl   U:A  S.U.UUA,  ^^hu...  ^in«1.'  will  l.;M  nm.iv,....1    HO 

u  vvMil.l  auaitlnir  dl  .Mv.-ry  ..r  ih-  liul.t  "f  tMu,„it.^'.  Ilh 
n:u.n.  ua.  i.-.w  tl.-  Ih-.lti.---  -f  l'."".>.  N"  \u>u,vy  ut  nnn- 
kiiul  n.ul.l  1.:.-  I.ini  l.V  MPUnlir...!.      (Jorl  WU.  to  1..  kI'.I  lU'-i. 

Tl...  uiurv  ..r  that  liijilif  wotiM  hv..  .ill  Ih..  huI  ol  hm-v 

\!  hvo  A.  M..  l.V  tl...  H..rU  Ml-  !!..■  S,n,f,>  lA'//''.  *<  l!'"'!' 
,,,;,„.  n,,u  tl..-  /'///A/.  I'ollnw.Ml  l.y  n  ln...l  r.r-'l  H';*  ^'ip'Ml 
uuM       It  >v;.s  I...  f..l^.'  iihiM.  this  lim.'  U.Hl.'.ir  .1."  I  ilan:!  u 

Haiim-  u„  .1...  /•////".  ii:Hi  -•'.«»'»•••»  i""'«-  j'-i"«"'"';- •"  'l;r 

Hn.,n.l  nl-   tl...  ;:ui.   IMI   ..).  hl^  Kn--  "•"»  ';;;"'"•'     ""•    ''' 
/>,....  his  m..n.vs,.on.l...l  will.  n.lll...M.  IS.    ,  1.""    I'-v  u-nt 

Nvil.l  uith   i-.v,     Tl...  \.l...i.i.l  ..Hh.iv,|  tl...  sails  I..  Im.  ruil...l, 
„„a  ,u..  shiiis  t..  i...  i..,t  ill  a  Stat..  <.f  «h'r..n....   U>y  .i  was  nn- 

,„s,sil.|..  t..sav  what  tl...  iH-Nt  .lnvli,i:ht  n..,i;l.i   ..'v.-a  1      I!.h 
;,l,i,.,s,.an....-...wai„..^  na.u.l  tn  ..IV.t  th-ir  na,^,;,l..lat.....s 

„„a  ,|,..ir  uvni.i....  1VV...V...-.'.     N..W  tl...y  n<.  I.m.uvv  hlatncl 

hisehsiiiiiu-v,  .>r.siH.k..  orhislnl'at.iati..n. 

It  was  Fii.h.v.'  tl...  I'ith  nf  ().'t..»...f,  l-l'.»-.'.     At  <lawM  th....^ 

wuMM....n  issai.."-  r.ua.  th-  n.ists.  ■,  Ihrnvry  lan-l  wla^s.  ,^m..v..s 

c,.ln.v.l  l.V  tl...  li.st  u..l.l.'ii  ii«ys  ..r  t!...  .....mil.;,'  s.i...  .'xhal.'.l 

an  ....k.H.w..  I'.a.^ra.i...'.  and  p.-.'S.-nf...!  sn.iii..-  s.-.-.i-s  t-  ll..; 

,.v,..     Ina.lvan.'li.i:.  tl...  ....-n  saw  l...!'.....  th.-in  at.  .slai..l  .. 

.onsi.h.ral.l.'  .•M.'nt.   I."v..|.  aa.l  willaa.t  any  apiH-aian.-.  ..f 
Bi„.,.ntains.     ThL-k  l'...vsts  l.,Mn.'h-l  tl...  h  n/...M,  a-al  m  tl..' 
mi.M  ..I  aula.l..^d.am..a  tl..'  i.'.iv  an.l  sin.klin-  wat..rs  <.f 
•i  Ilk.,     iirri'u  wilL.ws  an.l  s.ii.i.y  avt-nii.'s  j-av..  hall  mIii.ii.s- 
;.s'i.ii.'.  tli..s<.  n.vst..ii.>H  ..r    s„liti..h..  an.l  iv...al...l  many  a 
s,,,ti..iv.l  .luvllin-.  s.'.Mnin^H,y  its  r.,.in.l.Ml  I'oi'iii  an.l  n..,!  -.1 
;,,i,.,l  h.av..s,  t...vs..n,l.l.'  a   luinian   hiv...    hnm   which    tli.. 
nuiin-  sin..k..  as....n.h..l  in  ll...  air,  -iv  .tin-  tl...  jila.l  snn- 

l,..;u..s  ..r   that   ..ally  ho.ir.      <i-""l'.^  ">*   !'='""  "=''^'''     ■'"•"' 
woin..n.  an.l  .hil.ln.n.  ast..nisli...l  latli.T  tl  an  ala..n...k  .-anm 
auw.i  ani-.n-st  th.  liv..s  ni.....  th..sh.,r..,  .....w  thni.lly  .nlvan.'- 

i„.r  amlaaain  i.tnn.in-,  sln.win-  l-y  th.  ir  lively  attitn.hs 

.■,';[;.,:..  S.':':.'.;..:!;  ..,.  .l!-...v..r...l  A.n,.rl..,.  .„.  Kri,..y  1..  plant,.,!  tl.-  «M  .r..,  in  tUc 
Nta  \V,m!i!;  uiid  on  I'liaiiy  lie  TvvMWt,'<\  I'alos  in  trmnu.U  1 


■4j-i 


,m'?««*,  liiy 
liii^'I  III* 
y  4»f  iium- 
•  jiliirilltil. 

I    of    lilllt>. 

til.*  x\p^n:\\ 
<•  'riiiiii;!  II 

lllH.    lit     tllH 

,..l   til.'   7<f 

iIh'V  u''nr 

be  l'lirl«'il, 

it  wii-^  im- 

'\<'iil.     l!is 

i;illll:itiniis 

^t'V  lihitiicil 

iliiwn  tlicro 

in,  «'xli:tlt'(l 

'Ill's    til    ill'' 

II  i''l;iii<l  «if 
iciilalici'  nf 
iiiid  ill  tin? 
<X  wtitt'i'-^  of 
mir  ulimiin- 
Ifil  iiiiiny  a 
aii<l  fnoi"  uf 
wliicli  tilt* 
('  jihid  silii- 
lakcd  Mien, 
riMf'd.  <':mit" 
dly  ndvaiic- 
■ly  iittUitdt'S 


III!*.    1)11  Frliliiy  h  ■ 
!•  llr>t  iTDHs  in  tliu 


r///,7> 7 v> /•///•// ro/r  I//; (W.  f# 

nii.l  L'.'MtmvM,  riiiiipl.Ml  f.-nr.  .•miusity.  and  adniiiiitJMii.  at  iIim 
siwiii  uf  Mio  Hlii|H  anil  III..  Mtiaiimix  ulii.l,  il„.  |,i,.\i.:a^ 
nielli  iiitil  sfiit  llniii  on  tlif  wav.s. 

('uliniil.iis.  afi.T  sl|,.|itly  ^'a/iii.r  ii|m.:i  iIi.>  sIi.»i f    i|,jit 

ti"W  laud.  M...!'!..!!  piriiitvil  and  >u  ncmniiln.nllv  n.li.i.d  in 
hJH  hnauiiiatiuii,  l-.'li.'ld  it  yrt  nim.-  hranlil'iil  ihan  In-  had 
dlvani.'d,  Joy  nunlc  ids  li.art  li.ai  ra>trr.  ||.>  ,\,.ain.'d 
hlipafirntly  to  Im-  |Ii,.  first   to  .s..|  a   i;i||o|.,ai|  loot  upon  lli.'Mt) 

.•^lianp' Niiids,  and  planl  tlii-ivoii  tin- Tioss  and  tlii>  Spaulnli 
lliitf.  III*!  Ntaixlard  of  n  ron.|iii'si,  madi'  l«y  his  p-iiius  (or 
(Jod  and  liin  so\.ivi;r„s.  Mur  In-  it'Mtiain.'.rhiM«.\vn  iinxi.-ty, 
and  thai  of  his  iiini  to  land,  wishiim-  to  iinvst  t|,is  taKiuir 
|io.ss,.s.sion<»r  a  Ni'w  World,  with  all  ihr  >o|,.niiiiiy  lM-iiiii(,|^ 
tlu'Ki'«'ilh'Ht  uchii'V.'in.'nl  ww  an'oiii|.lis|H'd  l«y  a  navigator. 
SiiKv  hiintiin  witiu'sst's  u.'iv  waniin^r.  h.'  \\is\m\  i,,  rail  (iod 
and  his  aii;i.'Is,  wii,  and  laud,  ami  «Uy.  to  hear  ti'stlnionv 
to  his  vicloiy  ovi'i'  till'  hithi'iiu  utikiiown  woild  ! 

Whi'ii  all  was  icady.   th*'  amliuis  wnv  li<t  down,  ordns 
wi'iv  givi'u  to  111:111  the  lioats.  and  Coliinilius  wiih  iiiajisii,. 
rountcnaiin'  iind  v'i'«'iit  ii'i'oll.'i-tioii    as  oit<>  who  waiui'd  in 
the    lncsi'iH't'  of  <;.id     d(  >i'fiid«d    into  his  own  rilllcr.      ||». 
was  richly  attiii'd  in  the  costiiiur     I'  his  di;;nilii's.    A  sraiirt 
niaiiti'I  liiini;  from  his  Nli(Mild»'r.s,  ;iud  he  Indd  dis|.layi'd  in 
his   hand,   the   iinauv  of   .I.'siis  Christ,   on  the  iny;,'|   (j.,^,. 
The  Captains  of  th.'  /'///A/  and  A'/hfi,  Martin  Aloii/o  Piu/.on 
Ji!!d  Ninccnl  Vaiii'Z  l*iu/oii,  likowisf  pm  olf  tiii-ir  hoals.  .>;.,.|i 
'     iriiiK  tlm  banner  of    tlii>  ••iiti-rpiiM'  i-ailila/onrd   with   u 
..'ifi'ii  cross,  and  accoinpani.-d  liy  a  wt'll-arnicd  dctachnicnr. 
With  iiiiiti'  di'li^ht  and  all  tlif  clastic  ardor  i»f  yinith,  the* 
Admiral  stepped   on  shore.     Sc.-ii'cely  had    he    touched  the 
new  land,  when  he  j. hinted  in  it  the  siandaid  of  tlic  Cross. 
His   heart-^rrear,   noble    heart    that    it    was— .swelh'd    with 
^'latitude.     Ill  adoration,  he  prostrated  himself  before  (»od. 
Three   times   bowiiiLr  his   head,  with   t.-ars  in    his   "yes.  he 
kissed  the  soil  to  which  he  wascoudiicied  by  the  divine p.od- 
ness.  The  .sailors  participated  in  the  emotions  of  their  Coin- 
nian(h'r,  and  kneelimr,  as  he  did,  elevated  a  cnicili.K   in  the 
air.     Uiiisin^'hls  countenance  towards  Heaven,  tlie  yratitiulo 


im  cmuspn'timi  ('oi.rMiir.'*. 

or  liiHMoiil  fuiinl  .xpivsMon  ill  ilKit  iH.iiiHirul  |.iiiy..!'  tlw 

llr^f  iH'.viilH  .if  wlii.h  Imv.' » n  i»iv««'iv«  il  !»>  Iihtniy  : 

"l.,„<i:     /•;/,.//»//    »//<'/     .\hiinjhhj    '/'»'//     W/"   A//    77/7 

HtnM.  i„a>t  Tlnj  ,nim<  f<,  hhsMtl  mifl  i//»njh>/  ,  rnf/tr/,n'r. 
M'i'f  Th'l  Mo},xl'jl>i  t.rofhiK  trhit  fni'tl  ihhjuni  A.  /»//.'' 
th>if  h't  r/ni hin.'iU,  i^,,'n>„f,  Tlnf  Hon'nl  mntif  shmiht 
f,r    „o'nh-  ktioin,   iin'l  i>r,  >i'-li<  if    hi    fhin  „fh,r  i>n,l  „f  th- 

Shiii.liir^  up  uiili  ffiviH  .ll.LMilty.  Im'  •ll-'l.liivr.l  tlh'  Hhiiulunl 
nf  til.-  CruHs.  ..iVfilim'  lip  IU.I..SUH  Clii'.^f  III"  llr>t  fruits  of 
hi.  .li.ruvrry,     or  liiiiiMir  Im-  llioll-Jll   II. •!       II.'  wi^li.Ml  to 
j-lvi-  ill!  III.'  uloiy  In  <i.»il.  iiiid  li.'  iiiiuif«l  111"  i^liiiul  >W/'  Kol 
cu(/'t/\  \\lii"li  iii"iiu^  ••  ll«»ly  Siivior." 

CuluinluiH  thfii  •livu  his  Msvoid.  tiiid  nil  lli"  olII"t  is  Molii-; 
tli»^  will".  Ii"  «li'd;ir.  il  tliiif  li.'  tni.k  poss.'s-.i(.u  or  tlint  land  in 
th"  n:iiu"  .-r  «uir  L..i<l  U>v  ili.«  Ciouii  of  Ciisiil.'.  Th"  iiolnry 
roNiil  u.isonh'ivai'xlniwiip  ili..  pi-Tr.'.lin!;s  In  pn'sciil."<l 
rorin.  II"  th.'iM'iilh'd  iipoimll  pi"s<>iit  to  taK"  tli"  "atli  of 
,,lM.,li..n.'..  loliini  as  Ailiuiial,  Vi""i'>y,  and  i"piv.s..|itutiv.' of 
iM'iiiiii;md  and  Isdirlln. 

>;  .)  oulv  did  his  li.'utiriiiiils.  his  pih.ts,  and  hjsnvwssw.-iir 
..l).Mll<.ii."'to  til"  Admiral.  I'Ut  tli"y  \v"i"  ov"ir<»!U"  with  wild 
JMV.  and  lllh'd  with  int"ns.'iv\.'n'n('"l'oroii.'\vhos"uoiid«  rolls 

H'liiiin'liad  p.'!i"trati'<l  In-yoiid  tli"  liniilsor  th"  visililchori/oii, 
and  wlioiii  lli".\  had  so  bt.ly  oiiii;i-v<l  l.y  tlirir  Mind  ivlu-l- 
jioii.  ()\"ra\vfdl)yhlsni"ntalsnp"ilttiity,ll>"y  ik'u  I'.-I!  at  his 
feet,  kiss.'d  his  hands  and  <doth"s,  and,  for  a  inoin.Mit,  ivco^'- 
ni/.i'd  thr  divinity  and  tru"  nrimdriir  or  p'liins.  IJiit  ycstcr- 
(hiy,  th"y"onsid*"r"d  th"insclv"s  ih"  victiiusor  liisol-stinjwy  ; 
today  tii"y  IVIl  th"y  w")"  thfcoiupanionsor  his  sium'css— fu- 
(Uantwith  th"jii<»ry  a<i-ainsi  wliich  tli"y  had  so  lalily  Mas- 
lih"iu"ii:  Such  is  hiiiiiaii  natiiiv.  'riu.sc  who  opfu  tli"  way 
to  truth  ar"  pfrscciitrd.  I.ut  th"  untliiiikiii,i;'  w<tiid  .^ladly  in- 
la-iits  tli"ir  vi"tori"s. 

\V"  shall  nowM'l:!!"'' i>f  th"  nntivt'S.     When,  at  tlu"  dawn 

•  TM- |ir  iv,  !■  ,,r  t  ■i.lntnlMi-tt,,- iirirr«;.nl- i.M.''ai.  ill-v -inl'T  ..r  llir  Suvrn  I'-'M- ..rc-iiMllln.  In  .iili. 
Bcjinul  (U-nn.rif-.    Curie.-,  llalb.w,  iiiul  mliti.^  Ii.kI  l»  »n  It  <.llluiilly.-fu«/.(  Ut  /.oni'M. 


Ih 


'r  m:-»,w. 

i 


lUllVi'!'   tllM 

I  hti  Tfiif 
i,  niitt  I  hi' 
'I  I'lfU'ln  rt'. 

In  III riH^f 
tir  shnitltf 
nil   iif  tli>: 

I*  Hliiiulin'tl 

\  rniits  of 

wi^lh'd  to 

4  Si  III  Sill- 

In  IS  doinpf 
lint  ImiiiI  ill 
Tlif  iiotiiiy 

jUt'SClllH'll 
III'   oiilll    of 

tt'iitiitivf  of 

•rcws  swcnr 
(■  with  uil<l 
uoiidfi'oiis 
lijclmri/oii, 
Mind  ri'l)i'l- 
V  I'.'ll  at  his 
iiciir.  rccoj;- 
lliit  yestcr- 
iol>s|ii!ji('y  ; 

Olt'CCSS — I'U- 

latcly  bias- 
I'll  the  way 
d  ^iUully  iii- 

it  tlic  dawn 

■<  cirt'iifiiii',  ill  "iiii- 

i(  lit  y.u/yitj. 


r.'iliiy,  tti"y  Ua.l  hdii'M  \\\o  nlilps  liov<rliicf  on  fltf  loisf, 
,ln«y  >,ii{»j.osi.d  rlii'iii  to  !>»•  som»>  Miott^ifi'^,  widi'li  had  Is^nid 
fioiii  fhf  d«.'|i  duiiiitf  \\\t'  iiluhf.  Thflr  v»<»'iliiyf  nliofir,  with- 
out any  a  .»i'.ii"iit  .•IV-. it.  .ind  ilif  xliiiiinLrand  I'lii  lliur  of  th.-lr 
HaiU.  ifwiMiMinu:  Imat'  ulin,^<4.  tilli-d  lln'tii  willi  nstonlmhifniif 
Wht'fi  llh-y  litdald  tli»'  lioaff*  n|>|ii'ni,ih  t||i>  Hhoii',  and  a 
iiiitnln'i'oi  .tninp-  Im-Imuh.  cjiid  in  ^ditlt'iltu-  sful.or  iiilni«'nt 
of  'aiioti-4  rolors.  lanillriu'  u|inn  thr  hfarli.  th.-y  Mi'd  in  uf. 
fri;iht  to  til-' Woods,  l-'indinu'.  lio\M'\i'r,  tin!  rluMt' \<a>t  no 
nfti'aipt  fo  iMiiMii»>  or  tnoj.'^t  iIh'iii.  iln-y  «:ia dually  ivcovcivd 
liofn  ilit'ir  tt'i'ior.  and  ai)j»i(.a«dn«d  llif  Siiaiilaids  wjih  ^..iMar 
\\\\t\  IVfijiifntly  itrostnirin;;  llit'insr|v«'s,  and  makiii^r  s\<rw^ 
id'  adoiali'in. 

hniiii;;'  fill' n'l'fiiiony  of  laUiiiir  possi'ssioii,  llii'y  ivmaiiifd 
vca/itiu'.  ill  liaiid  adiniraiiofi  at  th"  «'oni|il«>\ion,  (lie  lioat'ds, 
til.'  shiirn-;  iiniii.iir,  and  splfiidid  diTss  of  ih.' S|ianiards. 
Till'  .\iliiiiiiil  pari iciil  Illy  aftra.'tfd  lla-ir  attt'iiiion,  rn.m  his 
••oniiiiandiii.u,'  ln'i;;lit.  his  air  of  antiiorily,  his  scailft  dn-ss. 
and  till'  fN'I'i'rcncc  |tahl  to  hiin  i>y  hi-iconipanioiis.  Wlifii  tlioy 
liad  >till  rmtlit'r  I'tTovt'ivd  rn.in  iliiirlVais,  tiiry  ii|ipi'oa<'hi'd 
till  Spiniiiids,  toiK'lii'd  tlii'ir  l.c'ir.ls,  and  t'.xaniiiii'd  tln-ir 
hands  and  facfs,  adinirinu'  llnir  nldl^'ticss.     l-'ollowinu,' tin' 

•'xainplf  set  llii'in  liy  ('oliiiiiliiis.  tln' niaiiiH'i's  r i\fd  with 

.stnili's  of  kiiidin'ss  thosi'  aiih'-s  ('li)ldit>n  of  iln'  rmt'st.  and 
(|iii<tly  siiluiiiili'd  to  tlit'lr  <'\aiiiiiialii>ns. 

'I  III'  wondi'iin'^^  >ava,i;t's  wfi'i'  won  hy  this  Itriiiii'iiity:  they 
now  supposed  that  till'  ships  had  sailnl  out  of  iln-  nystal 
firnianii'iit  which  lioimdnl  tlair  horizon,  or  had  di'si-cndi'd 
from  ahovi'.  on  tln-ir  anipli' w  iiius,  and  that  tlicsi- inarvi'lloiis 
bi'inus  wi'i'i'  nativi's  of  thi'sUii's. 

Till'  pi'opli'  id'  till'  island  wm'  no  less  ohjcrts  of  ciiriosMV 
to  llii'  Spaniards,  dilfi'iinu-.  as  tla-y  did.  from  ;iny  lan-  of 
int'ii  lliry  had  I'vrr  si...n.  Tlii'y  wni'  niliri'ly  iiiiki'd.  of  a 
modrrafi'  statiKv,  wi'll  slia])i'd.  of  a  copprr  liiii'.  wiih  ;m'ri'"'- 
altli'  fi-atiiri's,  lofty  fonhi'ads,  and  jiiu' ryrs.  Tlu'  hair  was 
coarsi'  and  straight;  tlicy  had  no  hcards,  and  wm'  inint'd 
witli  a  variety  of  colors.  Tiny  appeared  to  he  a  .simplo 
and  artless  I'ace,   and  of   "gentle  and   friendly  dispositions. 


•o  vHiiisTDi'ith'i:  coiJ'Min's. 

T\u'\v  (.lily  anus  wnv  hnKv-i.  liaidt-ncd  nt  tlif  end  l>y  fire  or 
pniiiird  with  )i  Mint  <>r  tlif  Ix.ii.'  ol"  si  lisli.'  ('tiiuiiilMis  dis- 
tril>iit<'d  iiiiK.n.!;'  tlicm,  ('(.joivd  caps,  jiliiss  be  ids,  iiawli's 
bells,  iiudollKT  tiillcs,  \v!ur!i  I iicy  ivci'iv.'d  as  iufstliiiablH 
girts,  and,  dccoratiiij-'  llicnisclvcs  witli  fiifiii,  were  wdiidcr- 
I'ldlydcliulitfil  witli  tlit'ir  liiit'iy. 

Ai'rt'i-  ('<iIiiim1>iis  liad  ('niiiiiiftcd  tlic  i'dniialitics  <»£  taldii.u; 
possession  of  lilt- island,  iio  oid.-ivd  tlic  rarpcidcrs  to  ct.n- 
stiticr  a  lai'^v  wooden  Cross.  This  was  soon  done.  At  his 
desire,  the  jn.le  in  u hi<'h  the  j.ole  of  iIm-  banner  had  been 
planted  in  tliis  sho-'c  was  eidariivd.  Into  this  hole  was 
placed  the  end  ol"  the  erected  cross,which  was  sustained  by 
tho  Admiralliiniseir,  while  ihe  hymn   V(. villa  Ifci/is, 

"  i'lic  hum.:'-    if   liciivcli's  KiliL' !l.lV!illcO, 
Tlic  ii'.vstcry  of  llii;  Cross  (-liiius  tnrlii," 

was  chanted  by  the  whole  party.  When  the  sacredsi.un  waa 
solidly  lixed  in  the  soil,  he  intoned  that  •iiand  hymn  of  vic- 
tory, Hie  7r  Dm ,11.  Thns  did  the  nreat  Columbus  erect  the 
Siu'uol"  Jledeniptionin  th  •  New  World,  not  merely  as  a  mark 
of  ])ri<n' occu])ation,  bu!  as  a  memorial  of  the  fact  that  he 
took  possession  of  this  land  in  the  name  <.f  Jesus  Christ. 
As  the  day  was  now  ,ii-i'o\\in,i;' late.he  said  eveinnu'  i»i'ayers  he- 
fore  the  r('Ugh(-'ross,  and  on  iinishin.u'  this  pious  act.  he  took 
up  the  tlag-  of  the  expedition,  and  ivturned  on  board  the 
i<f.(n(((  Marnt.  How  ;>rand!y  did  this  immortal  CatlMilic 
hero  occupy  his///-.s7  day  in  America! 

The  islaiid  which  Columl)Us  had  just  olVered  to  (io(l,  and 
named  San  Salvador,'  was  called  in  the  hinu'ua.ue  of  the  na- 
tives 'MJuanahani.''  It  is  one  of  that  firoup  which  ,ue- 
o.HTaphcrs  now  term  the  J^ahama  Islands.  The  Admiral  suj)- 
]H)sed  it  to  be  at  the  extrenuty  of  India,  and  therefore 
called  the  inhabitants  J/id/tiiis—n   name  which  has  since 


■  Tlicrc  ^vll^'  no  iron  to  lie  si'cii.  nor  (lid  llioy  iii.pcar  iic(|iinintc(l  with  its  (iropcrtii's-,  for,  wIkii  a 
(Irinvu  Kword  was  iirc-i'iitcil  to  IliiMn,  tlu'V  nn'.'uanlcdly  looV;  it  liy  tlif  vihsr.—Znin;/. 

■■'"Xot  finding'  llic  u:>uw  Sun  .svi/ivc/w  line  cnoHL'li  for  llicir  niariiii'  ilnirt-"  writrs  ('mint  do 
I.orKiK'S.  ■•  Kn^'li'sli  l'roH'sianl>  linvc  snli-litiiti'd  r,i/  for  it  :  iinil  mi  llicir  iilliiM's  Ilic  Mniid  of  llio 
Holy  an'vi.iiir  U  nobly  ciillcil  fdf  hfaiul.'"  Could  tlu'  Lilinducj's  of  bigotry  and  the  diilbiiw  of 
niatoriuli.^tic  s-tuiiidity  yo  fiutlicr  V 


ti*. 


aiitisToi'iimi  COL VMUUH. 


n 


1 1>y  fiiv,  or 
iimiImis  (Hs- 
(Is,  liawk's 
iiU'stiiiiiiltlH 
re  woiidiT- 

■s  (if  tiikiiig' 
cr.s  to  <•(  ni- 
ne.    At  liis 

I-  lllid  ]H'r\\. 
S     lldle     AMIS 

istaiued  by 

"(Jin, 


I'ed.  Miuii  was 
ynm  d'  vie- 
ws ei'ect  the 
y  as  a  iiiaik 
aet  that  he 
^'Slls  Chi'ist. 
;  players  he- 
aet.  he  took 
1  )»oar<l  the 
tal  Catliolic 

to  (iod,  and 
:e  ol'  the  na- 
)  which  u'e- 
,dniiral  sup- 
id  tht'ret'ore 
h  has  siiiee 


IMTtii*;  for,  wlicn  a 
Irrii,',/. 

!«"  writes  Ciiiint  do 
fs  llic  l-l;iiiil  (if  llie 
ami  tlir  ililUni'S!^  of 


been  oxteniled  to  all  the  al)orl,ui lies  of  the  New  "World.  In 
Ills  earlier  exphdalioiis  it  seems  lliat  file  .\sia  of  Marco  I'olo 
Vlis  ever  Jileseilt  to  ids  tlioiiulits. 

San  Salvaihti"  was  soon  cvjiioreil.  Ariu/!,u'  its  iiatiirai  ad- 
vantages, is  noticed  "stone  for  Itiiildinii  cliiirclies."  'I'lio 
l)oor  natives  in  all  ptirts  of  it  received  the  slranucrs  with  (he 
most  siiici'ie  hos[)itality.  Seven  of  the  In  lians  were  easily 
induced  to  p»  with  (!oliiinl)us,  and  he  st  'ins  to  luiv  ■  distrib- 
uted them  anioni"'  the  tliree  vessels.  ()a->  of  th<'Mi  <h'ser(e(l, 
but  others  Were  addeil  from  Cuba  and  San  Domiiiuo.  lie 
desi.iA'iied  to  present  tiieiii  to  their  Calholic  Majesties  to  liav(v 
them  instriicte(l  in  the  Faith,  aial  then  lo  send  them  l)aclv 
to  their  coiintiy  to  help  foiward   the  w(iik  of  coiiNcrsioii. 

AVheii  he  sailed  away  from  San  .-jalvador,  the  Admiral,  at 
once  found  himseil'  in  an  archi[iela,uo,  ple-.santly  embarrassed 
by  the  mnltitiide  of  islands  (»jb'red  to  his  choice.  He 
steered  for  the  largest,  which  he  named  >\:itl(i  Miiiia  dc  Jit, 
Coiici i>ci'ni.  Another  islaml  he  named  i^i iu(iii<Hii(i^  and 
one  Isdhcfhi. 

The  iidialiitants  a])i»roaclie(l  the  Spaniards  with  offerinir", 
of  frnit,  and  birds,  and  cotton,  ic^ardinu'  them  as  siiper- 
linmaa  beinus.  When  they  landed,  in  (piest  of  water,  the 
simple  Indians  took  them  to  the  cooh'st  springs,  and  sweet- 
est and  fresliest  j-ims,  tilling'  the  casks,  rollinu'  them  to  the 
boats,  and  seeking  in  every  way  to  jiiatify  them. 

The  lovelv  sceiierv  of  these  islands  enchanted  Colnmbns. 
"I  know  not,''  lie  wrote,  "where  to  u'o  lirst,  nor  are  my  eyes 
ever  weary  of  ^'a/intj:  on  the  beautiful  verdure.  The  siiiiiiiii;- 
of  the  birds  is  siu-li,  that  it  seems  as  if  one  would  never 
desire  to  de])art  lience.  There  are  liot'ks  of  parrots  that 
obscure  tlie  sun,  and  other  biids  of  many  kinds,  lariie  and 
small,  entii'ely  different  from  ours.  Trees  also  of  a  thousand 
siH'cies.  each  having  its  particular  fruit," 

Everywhere  lie  treated  the  natives  with  studious  kindness, 
re]iressiim' the  least  attemjit  at  harshness  on  the  part  of  his 
men.  He  thus  sm-ceeded  in  inspirinii:  comjdete  confidence. 
The  faith  was  his  first  thou.uht,  but  gold  was  the  second,  lii 
every  jilace  he  touched  he  iiuxuired  where  gold  was  to  be 


c]iiusTor::i:i:  cni.tMnr.-^. 

foun.l      n.>  I.M^l '.'  Iv.M.n  .-v..  t..  rv.TV  littl.'  nmunout  ..f  .i:j.^!. 

„.,,  ,vas  :M>rus,HM-t  of  .•oUr.Tin.u'  .ol.l ;  uM  1h"  a.l.ls  tluK 
,       l.,.,nrourLonU...   IVlt  sun-  of   sunvss  m     us 
:;;;;.Urur.ol.l.     nisn..unousnnnir..s,:Un.o    ,.anu^ 
1,,,-..  ..!•  ti'nl.l  is  lu.t  ..n..  of  th.'  usui.l  s,-ns  ..t  s  ,u     In  .  _    ... 
;;OunUmsu:nU.M,uM  ^.r,uo,n.r>v:,suns:  fh  1  y..sl.; 

t<'""!nnn.   tlH.  i.ni-H:M.v  or   ,1,.  <l...;nv.-n.s    lo      ,         .. 

.,,,.,rnn,v   of   tl,.  rntinv    r.n.lly  tlu.u.d.t,   ui>un   .•a,,sn,u  . 
snvnnM.f  Km-op.nn  .Mn.n'.i- '-•  How  in,o  tl..  a.numous  ^ 

t,„  ,„vni  Khan.    (•>,  ll.Ml..simUo  a.nass  tn^asun-  lu       . 

S.pulrlnv.  an  oI.J.tI  .arly  .•unt.'n.i.lat..l  and   ur^vi   alun- 

(IdiiiMl  Id  his  last  lu'catli.  .        ^ 

Kvon.  Isabrlla,  (N.liuul.us  stood  an^oss  to  (^.l>a,  .^'vuirn^ 

tlK.t   it  M.ust  hr  th..  Ish.nd  of   (Mpanp..   nw'nt.nnr.l  l.y  th.' 
i.„„„„s   Marro  I'oh,'.     Martin  Ah.nzo   i'inzon  r'>''*",7  ;  J'^ 
l,..r.suadin,u-  i.in.  that  it  wa.  I  In-  n.a.nh.ud  ol  Ask,        I    t      .  s 
\si:Klh<-nth.(i.andKahnNvasa.r.ssd.h..     I  e  undyi.tood 
th.   Indians  to  sp.ak  of  a  ..vat  kin>:,  Unn  days    ,<.uvn.> 
.listant,  and  h.  smt  olV  two  .n.bassndo.s   ..n.  ul  whon.  x  as 
1)' .  Tonvs  whos.  k.n.whnl..  of  A.ahh-  nughl  help  hnn  ^  .th 
the  (J.'and    Kahn  ..r  son,.'  ol'    his  vassal  soveiv.u-ns.      I  wo 
Indian  intH^ivtors  mad-  ..p  tin-  party.     They  o.dy  ionnd  a 
,iUa-..  of   r.rtv  lints,   l...t   the  natives  everywhere  greeted 
thein  Kindlv.  '  It  was  on  this  jonrney.  the  Spninards  d,s<-ov- 
ore,l  that  hnn.blMn.t  .Most  ns.rul  root,  the  ,>ol,fo;  and  1o. 
the  li.'st  tin....  they  wilnessed  that  now  familiar  )>nt  enno.is 
pvaetiee  known  as  .v//-"//.'//','/-' 

"  .  ,,,.,.  l,r„U,.  n,.on  Colum.-n.  Ilk,-  an   Hv^i,,,..     "I.   i^  ....-_m<.^t  .....nlin.l  Kl.nni,"  hr   s.y., 
'•thai  (■v,-^^.r  ImMpvI,  full  of  rxf.HoM  i,„ils  mm(\  cln.p  rlvrs.   -Inti,;!. 

ES:   £  ;::i;;-:L:;i»r:;,;;;:rt:s::rt^^^ 

"  T;:';;™;;i':s°;riH,;::3H.,„. ,.„  „«.  ,.,„, .™ .. .».»» > « -"  -' »■ 

in-.'  tlif  vile  wi'imI.  liarl  not  viT  rnnip  ! 


'lit  of  pil'l. 
>tn])    wlliMl! 

•  jidds  tli;it. 
•ct'ss  in  liis 
r  cliaractcr. 
nciity.  r>'if 
)  lit'  wislii  il 

I'oi'  nil  lii!'^ 
lis  h(>  ill  his 
II  ciiusiii.u'  a 
loininidiis  ol' 
sure  I'oi"  tlif 
)t'    IIk'   Holy 

iH'Vi-i'  iiluin- 

i:i,  nitivinci'd 
oncd  liy  the 
siK'Ct'cdrd   ill 

ia.  II'  it  \\':i^ 
!  \mdi'ist(Mid 
ays'  joiiiiit'y 
)F  whom  ^\!ls 
u'lj)  him  with 
iviu'iis.  Two 
only  I'onnd  a 
,h('it>  tivci'tcd 
uiards  discov- 
l<f/o\  and  fo»' 
I-  }>ut  cnrlons 


il'iil  i<liiiiii."  Ill'  s;!}-", 
I.  which  the  ni;.'ciiiiiu-t 

thl'   01ilHr<itil)ll   llf   Ihi! 

11  thrh'  liiiiuU.  iiiiilccr- 
piit  l!ii'  "llur  ill  111''"' 
il  llu'V  c'mMi'iI  ;i  tol,ii>rii, 
Vx  S|«iMi:inls  allliDiiirli 
ii;;ul,u-  anil  iiiPiiari'iuly 

,'  alviiiiinaliim  ol'  clif.\- 


riii;isr<ti'm:ii  coi. runrs. 


Wi 


Tliinn.u-  til."  aI)S).ii.v  of  his  envoys  C.li.iid.Ms  iiidnstn,,iislv 
!''•""•■"■''  '"I""i''>iati.-M.     Th.>  ("itl.ans  i,,  jvplv  to  his  i„.|ni.'- 
i.'s  al.oiit  n,,|d.   !,,,,(   i.i.nitiim.  ,.;,stu;ird  :,iid  iviM.jilin-  thr 
nam..  /i,,/>ry>,r.     Alihondi  Iw  was  unt  a  littl'-  iM.r|.l..x'nI  to 
hlid  uloss  iuil..r,inr(...r  U,,.  uiysur  .•iviiiz...!   li|V   ii,st..;id  of 
oiicntal  sph.ndor,  :ind  althoimh  |,..  „,,|s(   1,;,^,.  ilmimlit  t|„. 
,iiT"at  moiiairli  v.>ry  caivL'ss  al.onr  ^,,,,1.'  ol'  his  miI.j.m.Is    I„. 
sfdl  didiK.t  doiihi  (hat  he  was  oil  Ihr  conlinrs  of  .{.ia    iiiid 
"  '"'':'"  '"'  "'•■"    I5:''"'<I"''  \vMs  Cipan-o.     !!,.  dHnniiupd  to 
try.   lor  he  was  anxi.ms  to  solw  ihr  nivstriv.  and  to  dis- 
rov.T  son...  moiv  salisr.,rtory  traces  (,r  iniii.'rial  -:ov..rinn..|,t 
li<\    th.'ivtoiv.    ai.aiKloiK'd    his    north-west    cnnse,    whicli 
would  s.M.n   have  ,,n,ved  Cidia   to  he  i,n  island,  and.  still 
div.'iniui-  of   u-old,  coast,.!  i„  Hie   o]>p,,sit,>  diivctiun.     Ij,. 
nanie-i  t  he  l.eautirnl  airhipehmn  near  /'>nr/o  <hl  I'riwiin- 
at  the  east  of  (•„!,,,  .-Se:,  uf  ,„„.  L.dy."      As  he  wnt  aloic* 
iK'erecled  .Toss.is  .•,i,d   scattered    pious  naim-s.  bid   or  these 
very  lew  have  conie  down  to  oiir  times. 

As(',;limil.us  was  liiiishiim' Hie  ,.,,;, stin-of  the  isle  ofCid-a 
the  p;„ln  cruelly  d  .serfed  him.  .Marfii.  .\|,,„/.o  I'inzon  (ri.'-d 
to  make,,.!!  afterwards  (hat  the  s..par.di..n  was  accidental- 
'>'"  lli'-n-  IS  no  doiii.t  that  he  yiel.led  to  t.-mptalioii.  and' 
went  away  to  find  o.,,i,i  f,„.  i,i,„,^,.ij-  h,.  ,|,,|ii„.,,,,,,,i^.  ,,i^. 
obeyed  til.'  Adnd.vaFs  siuiml  to  ivtiirn.  and  as  the  Ph,)„  w;,s 
well   ub!,.  to  outsfnj)   (he  other  vessels,   he  was  soon   out    of 

si-ht.  ("olinnbns  was  iudiuiiaiit.  bn!  even  in  liis  distress  h.' 
remained  keenly  alive  t,,  i|„.  )„,,iity  of  natiir<>  in  Hiat  hi- 
vored  land.  His  emotions  weiv  described  in  their  iirst  IVesh- 
ncss  in  an  enthusiastic  letter  (,,  th,.  soveiviuiis.  The  o-I,,. 
rious  scenery,  (he  wild  exuberamv  of  v<-vtable  life,  "(li,- 
licrfiimed  bree/e.the  water  iniie  as  crystal,  all  the,uifts  of  tli(> 
('reator  scattered  with  -eier.ais  Imnd  seemed  to  speak  of 
])c_ace  an<l  hapiuness.  The  passions  of  lueii  can  make  (Ik- 
fairest  land  into  a  hel]  njion  (>artli. 

<'olnmbiis  foi'  several  days  continued  ex})!orinu;- th< ast 

of  Cubii  until  he  reached  the  eastern  end,  to  which,  from 
sn]iposin,u'  it  the  extreme  point  of  Asia.  h.>  -av  tin-  name 
of  x^Jpka  and  Omcya,  the  be-inning  and  the  end.     While 


sMMin-Mitlum.' beyond  this, ■.,..•,  u,ul..t.n..;i.;a  wl,:.r  <-ou,j.« 

:J;'t:;J:nt<.th..sou,h-..s,,.n.l.ivin:...v>    .uv^ 

nml  <.f  um.t  ('.vt.-nt.     IL'  iumuxlii.t.'ly  si 1  Lm   .t,  t.  tim 

^     ;!..mU.nu.i..n  .r  ins  indi..  .nid.s,  wlu>  .^^^^^^^ 

by  siw.is  thar  tin-  inl.i.l.in.uts  Imd  but  <.u.'  >•,.',  ..nd  n<it> 

lii'irciind  criH'l  ciuinibids. 

iMvas  tlM.  first  island  to  wlnHMn.  .;n-.tl.nanu>o        M- 

,.,;;/./.,  and  uhicii  is  new  known  as  San  D.-nunp.  .a  ll..>t  • 

Ti       ..    in.  turned  bis  .■ours.,  and  n bln,^  th.  w.-stern  po.nt 

'  .,owlvalon,tlu.noHln.n.sid.ortb,..lan.b^ 

Hv  .•onHliatin;.  tb.  ^rood  will  of  tb.  natuvs.     lb-   . 
v.d  visits  In.n  s.v.ral    oa.-i.iu.-s'  an.l  a  very  .avs.  n^ 
Litati.m  witb  rirb  ,a.s.nts  tVo.n  (Juarana,^:u.,  on..  <d  tbo 

liv.' i.rin.'ipal  cuci.iu.'S  ..f  tin-,  islan.l. 

,p,i,  ,,,,,, stains  .dMIis,K.ni..la  NV..V  bi^lu-r  and  mor.>r.;.-k^ 

,1,,,,  ,U..s.>  ,.f  tb..  ..tb..r  islands,  but  tl...  i.h-Us  ros .  1  .  u 
!  ,,.^.,  ^,i,U  t'..n.sts.  Tl..>  nn.unldns  sw..pi  down  int..  lux- 
;r  plains  an.U.v..isavannabs,.hibMiH.a,.p.>ava.^ 

..ndlivatedli.d.ls.i,bnunu.v.n.slin.satn.,bU     nd^ 
,,,,,,,,Hs..fsnn.k..wbi.d.  r..s..invan..nsi,a,s    >    d^^    -^ 
sho^v...!  it   to  1...  populous-it  r..s..   b..i..iv  tli.MU  in  all    in 
s        d  >.  .>r   tr.M>i' :d  v..^..tation,  on-  ..f  tin-  n.ost  b.-anUul 
WandVin  tluMvU  and  nnbappily  d....nn..l  t..  b.M.n..  ..1  ibo 

most  uiU'.)itunat.\ 

On  tb.>  .w.Muno-  ,,f  ,h..  (Ub  ..f  inr..ub..r  Cobnnbus  .ntvml 
.Unb..v  at  tin.  \v.st.M-n  on.l  ..niH>  islan.l  t..  wln.-b  b..  ,u:no 

;    :  ,  ,  .of  ,sY.  XM.s.     N..I  l...in,.  al.l..  to  n,...  wub  any 

!    nbabitants.  win.  iunl  ll.'d  lV.>n.  tb.  r  .Uv.-l  m.s    be 

1     .,1  ul..n..  tin.  nortb..rn  si.l..  ..1'  tin-  island  t..  nin.tlu.r  ba  - 

whi.-b  b..  .-all...!  C.mn.ption.     He...  tbo  saib.rs  .-au^-bt 

t^vH^    kin.ls  ..r  lisb  similar  t.>tb,>s..<.rtbeir  own  .ount.y; 

^"  lu.ar.l  also  tb..  n..t..s  .>r  a  bir.l  wbi.-b  sin.s  "^  -  n-^^' 

MU.iwbi.-b  tb..v  nust.H.k  f..r  tbe  i,.i:bt.noal,..  an.l  tln.>    .  n^ 

; "lanlat  the  l.;dnr..s  ..r  th..  snrnnnuUn,  cou,Ury  r...^.  de^ 

tlios..  ol'  tbe  more  b.-autifnl  provincesM.t^N»:un.  ^"^^^^ 


1  liiillvi  Clllc'fx. 


ciinisrariiEU  <(U. I'.vnis. 


ft 


,>r  iii\  isl- 

it,  to  III"' 

^iircil  liitii 

tnul  welt; 

,  oi'  Ihiyti. 

,tt'iM  iMiint 

nd,  cvciy- 

11. '   even 

y    jdcssill^- 
(ilic  <»r   tilt) 

iioi'c  nicky 
rose  troiu 
I  into  lux- 
pcanmcc  of 
It,  iuid  tlu^ 
)y  <l!ty  -all 
in  nil  llie 
;t  licniitirnl 
'  (»nc  ol'  the 

1ms  cntcn'd 
lirh  lu'  ,ii'i>VH 
ct  with  ;iny 
At'lliiius,  he 
mot  lief  liiir- 
[hn-s  (•nii;j;ht 
va  r.iuiitry  ; 
n  the  uiuht, 
1,1  tln-y  fiin- 
V  K's^'inhled 
I.     It  \va.4  in 


conseiiuence  of  tills  idea  iluu  lilt  Admiral  had  niimed  it  His. 
jKiiiiola,  or  *"  Ijirtle  Spain.'' 

Al'lt-r  varions  iittt'iiipts  to  nlitnin  >i  fommnnii'ation  w'lh 
tilt'  iiati\i's,  tliicc  sMJIors  snect'tMh'd  in  oveitalvinu'  a  vonnu; 
and  haiidsoini-  i'l'inale,  who  wns  llyiiin-  I'ldn.  I  hem,  and 
ln'oiiuht  thcii-  wild  beauty  in  tiinmph  to  t he  ships.  She  u;is 
ti-eated  with  Ilic  ureat.'st  kindness,  :ind  <lisniisscd  linrly 
clothi'd.  and  loadt-d  with  presents  of  heads,  hawk's  hells, 
and  other  haiiMes. 

Coiilident  of  the  favorahle  impression  In-r  treatment,  ai;-' 
the  sinhl  of  hei'  presents,  mils!  JH'oduce,  Coliimlms,  (Ml  the 
joUowini;'  day.  sent  nine  men,  with  an  intei-preier.  to  her 
village  wlii'  '  was  situated  in  a  line  valley,  on  the  hanks  (d' 
a  lteaut,irnl  river,  and  contained  al»out  a  thousand  Iiomscs. 
'Pile  natives  fled  at  lirsl,  hut.  heinii'  re-assured  hy  the  inter- 
pretei',  came  hack  to  the  numl)ei- «,!'  two  thousand,  and  ap- 
l)roached  the  S))aiiiards  with  awe  and  tremi)lin';'.  nfien  paiis- 
ini"'  and  puttiiiii-  their  liand>  upon  their  heads  in  token  of 
]rverelice  and  suhmissioji. 

The  female  also,  <'anie  borne  in  triumph  on  the  shoulders 
of  her  countrymen,  followed  liy  a  multitude,  and  ]»recede(l 
by  her  husband,  who  was  full  of  liratitude  for  the  kindness 
with  which  slie  had  been  treated.  The  natives  conducted 
the  Spaniards  to  their  houses,  and  set  beh)re  tlieni  cassava 
l)i'ead.  tish,  roots,  and  fruits  of  various  kinds;  forafraidv 
hospitality  reiu'ueil  .hi'oiiuhout  the  island,  where  as  yet  the 
passion  of  avarice  was  unknown.  ' 

The  Spaniards  retiii'iied  {n  the  vessels  enraptui'ed  with  the 
beauty  of  the  country,  siirpassinu-.  as  th(\v  said,  even  the 
luMiriaiit  valley  of  Cordova  :  all  that  th<\v  comi)lained  of 
was,  that  they  saw  no  siiiJis  of  riches  ainonu'  the  natives. 

v''    inian";  aloni?  the  coast,  Columbus  Avas  visited  bv  a 


1  of  ),ii  -I'  Indiinis  Coliinilm-  vvrotc  ton  frioid  ;  "  Trii"  it  is  ttiiit  lifter  ilicy  frit  ('(iiilldinii',  miil 
li)«t  III!  )i  I'f  IT"  (if  lis.  tlii'.v  wiTi'  so  lllii'ml  with  «liiit  tlic.v  |m)--c<«c(1.  Iliiit  it  Udiilii  iioi  lii>  I  <■- 
lifvcd  li>  llin«'  will)  li!i(l  not  wi'ii  if.  If  ii'ivtiiiiiir  wii-i  iiilii'il  of  tlinn.  lln'v  iirviT  .-jilil  mi.  Iiut 
ratlii/;.'iivi' it  (lii'iTfully,  iinil  .•liiiwcil  ii«  miirli  ffiriiil-lil|)  II- if  they  j.'iuc  tlicir  vcvy  lunrts;  iiiiil 
whclliiT  ihf  lliiiii;  WHS  nf  valiic.  or  of  lililr  jirici'.  liny  wm'  coiilrnt  with  wImlcMr  wii-  uivni  in 
ri'liirii.  .  .  .  Tlir  woini'ii  scoin  Id  work  iiion>  lliiui  iIm'  iiicu  ;  miil  I  h:ivc  not  lu'fii  .-ililc  to  iiii. 
(Ii'ist.inl  wlirihir  tliiy  posMc.-v*  iiidiviiliial  property  :  Imt  rather  think  lluit  whatever  oiu- liu*  all 
the  rust  .-liure,  especially,  in  all  articles  of  provisions." 


"W-- 


IS 


ainisTni'iiNii  coi.vMin'ff. 


V(,un'-'  -M.-I.iii.'.  :ii.].!uvntly  nf  ut.mI  iiHi..>rl;.ii(v,  wlm  cmimo 
i,,,!'!."  MU  ;.  Vwwv  I'V  n.iir  mm.  aii.l  altni.l-'.l  l.y  inn  !iiiii.liv<l 
„!•  hi-^siiS.icrls.  H.'-riitcnMl  I  Ik- <'iilMii  uli.-r.'  ill.'  Admiral  uns 
,lj„inM.  :iM,l  tonk  his  s.'Mt  iM.si.l,"  him,  with  a  IVaiik  iiiirml-ar- 
rnHsr.T  ai.',  whih"  tun  uhl  m.-n.  uho  wciv  iiis  n.uiK'ilh.rs, 
sfiit.'a  riifiHsMvcsat  iiis  iV..t.  walcliiiiu'  his  lips,  as  it  In  cat.li 
anil  .•..a.mimh'ulc  his  i.I-as.  If  aay  tliiii-  u.'iv  ,uiv»-ii  Imn 
t(.  .'it  h  '  m  -rely  ttistml  it,  an  1  s-at  it  u>  his  n.llow.'fs.  mam- 
,  ,i„i,,",  ;,,!  air  .".r  ,ur.':U  .uTavity  aiul  dignity.  Aftrr  .liniior. 
he  i.ivH.'i;t.'<l  iIm"  A'lmii'al  witlia  Ix-ii  ciuiciisly  wnm.-lil.  and 
two  i.i.Mvsnl'  u'..hl.  ("..liimlMis  made  him  vaficiis  j^.'sciils 
1:1  r-rii!'ii.  ai  i  sliowr  I  him  a  ccia  lu-arinu'  llf-'  liUt'm'ss.-s  d" 
Fcnliiiand  :;ii<i  Isabella,  mdcavoiiii,;:'  to,uiv<'  him  an  idya  <.i: 
\\w  p.wvr  and  uran  h-ur  (if  ihdsc  sDvnviuns.  The  cari-im', 
li,.\v.'V«'r.  coiihlnoi  1h-  mad.- to  I'-lirv.- thai  thnvwasa  ir-iou 
uii  t'arth  which  jn'odiKM-d  such  woud-Tltil  luM.plc  and  woa- 
(hM'lnl  thiniis,  Imt  jicisislcd  in  tiic  idea  that  the  Spaniaids 
vt-iv  muiv  tlian  m..i'tal,  and  that  the  n.nntryaud  snv.'ici.uiis 
they  siM.kc  (.r  mustcxist  soim-wlinv  in  the  skies. 

It:  was  Christmas  Kve.  an<l  the  sea  was  as  calm  as  a  lake, 
with  a  lidd  wind  l.lnwin,-'  <«IV  Hh-  sh(»n'— hd  rocks  weiv  near 
— Cohimhns  r.dt  that  he  nd-ht  now  safely  s(«elc  th<'  sleep  lie 
so  much  iiee(h-d.     The  man  whom  he  lel't  in  char,ue  thoii.uht, 
he  mi-lit  safely  follow  the  (VNanqile.  and  with  f-'n.ss  disre- 
unrd  of  a  stan'din.u-  (.nler,  deh-ated  his  dnty  to  a  l-ny  on 
hoard,  and  like  the  Admifal  went  Xa  sleep.     The  ivst  of  the 
niiinners'on  duty  di<l  tiie  same,  and  iu  a  little  while  the 
whi.l  >  crew  was"  l)iiried   in  repose.     In  the  meantime   the 
livacherous  currents— wliicli  run  swiftly  ;ih»n<i-  this  coast— 
carried  the  ship  smo(Mlily.  hut  with  peat  violence  upon  a 
s.ind-l>ank.     The  hoy,  fee'linu-  the  rudder  strike,  and  liearin,:;- 
the  rushiii.u'of  the  sea.  cried  out  for  help.     Columbus     who 
rveii  in  slee])  foru'ot  not  Ids  heavy  rcsponsiltility— was  the 
first  to  lake  rlH'  alarm,  and  was  soon  followed  I)y  the  master 
of  the  ship.,  and  his  deliiKpieiit  companions.     Tla- Adniiral 
ordered  them  to  carry  out  an  anchor  astern,  that  tin  y  nii/rht 
warp  the  vessel  off.     They  spiaii.u-  into  the  boat,  but.  being 
confused  and   seized  with  a  panh-.  instead  of  o1)eying  tho 


\Vlli>   (Mill 


.rnl 


l>  lllllH 


Iniii'iil  \v:is 
llliclllliill'- 

DllIlciltolN, 

if  t")  fiitcli 
iiivcii  liiiii 
CIS.  iiiiiiu- 
liT  fliniKT, 
Dii-lil.  :iii(l 
IS  ]ii>'S('ii;s 


;.  of 


:ni  >ut 


ic  cjiciquc, 
;is  :i  ivLiioll 
('  and  woii- 
'  Spaiiiiuds 
sdvcrciii'iis 


I  iis  a  lake, 
s  well'  near 
he  sl('r|)  lie 
>;•('  tliolliiilt 
ii'dss  (lisre- 
i>  a  Ix'v  on 


xvsi  ol 


the 
!  Avliilc  llio 
antiiiie  tho 
:his  (Mtast — • 
lice  iii)(»n  a. 
iiid  lu-aiiuii; 


lubll 


vi    -who 
-was  the 


the  inaslcr 
he  Adiniral 
tliry  nii/xht 


1)111. 


lu'iiiu; 


obeviui;'  the 


cinusToi'iii:u  (o/.(]f/i(s. 

<•0|||||lall(|^  of  CollllllllllS.   Illi.y   I'oWf  1  nil'  III  III).  (,tl 

A'i)i('««iir      Vaficz    riii/.oii,    wl 


70 


proaclinl  ihriii  Willi  ijicir  cdwahl 


li'l'  (';lia\(' 
lo     (■n|i||||;|||,|,.d     llic     |j,t|,.|.,     I, 


ff,  ami  ivl'iiscd  til  adiiiit 
ia>lrticd    III  ilic 


(iK'm  on    lioard;   and.   inaimiiiu'   \.ls  Ikihi,   | 
assisfancr  of  llu'  Adiniial. 

In  the  mean  fiiiu',  dio  sliiitswhiuiiiu-across  tin.  sii 
si't   iiioiv  and  niuiv  ii|,nn  'In-   hank.     KlVort 
li.uliti'ii    In  r.   Iiy  ciiltiiii-'  away   llir  rnasl.   luil 
Ivi'i'l  hrcaiiM'  lird  IimI  in  tin-  sand  :  ilic  s,;inis  oiii.|i,.d.  aiifl  ih 


"•am.  was 


s  wcjc  iiiadi'  |i 
in  \ain. 


Iiivakcrs  lii'al  a-aiiist    Iht.  iinid  shr  jVIl 


over  oil   (iiir   sidi 


l'«.llniia(r|y,   the  WiMtliiT  .•oiitiiilliMl  rallll.  or   hnlii    s|ii|,  j,,„'l 

<'ivw  niiisl  havi-  in'iisiifd.  TitcA.liniral  al.aiidoiiiMl  Hi.'  wi.  rk. 
and  look  ivl'iinv,  willi  Ins  mi'ii,  on  iioaid  ol'  1 1 


All  this  liapiM'ti-d  I)Ml  a   IVw  mil 


M'  caiavi 


I. 


of  ("iiacaiia.u'aii.  and  w  hrn  llif  Admital  ,-Cnt   I 
Indian  cliicrol'  the  inisroiiiiiic,  jir  iiiri  uii| 


t's  aw;iy  rioiii  ih,.  IkiiIhsi' 
infoMii  llic 


1  irady  >yuij.alliv 


md  tlicnn.st  di^iirali'  kindiirss.     Wlim  (.•|iacaii"a,uaii  iH,,i;i 
or  Ih."  inidiap  ol"  his  hoiioivd  -ii.-^l,  |ii.  was  so  niai'h  alllicinl 

coiiiitiy.   Well'    til,. 
\    this 


as  lo  shell  tears;  ami  nevei'.  in  civili/ed 

riles  ()[•  hospitality  more  scrnpnloiisly  oliseived,  than  li 

imcuknivd  savauv.     lie  asseiiiMrd  I'lis  peuple.  and 

all  his  canoes  to  aid  In  nnloailiny  the  wreck.     The  ejiv.its 

were  landed,  and  deposnt'i!  near  his  dweliin.u-.  and  unard  set 


-('III  II 


ir 


over  I  hem,  ini!;i  houses  ■auid  he  J-repalVil,   ill  which   tl 
could  he  sttti'ed. 

There  seemed,  however,  no  disposition  ainon.u-  the  iiat 
lo  piller  or  conceal   the  mnst  ifiHino;  article.     O 
frary,  they  manirested  as  deep  a  coiicein  as  if 


ley 


IV  es 


liad  I 
thev 


w 


lappeiiKl  (o  themselves,  and  their  only  stud v 
couhl  a<lminister  relief  and   coiisola'tion.    'Coluinl 


II  1  he  ciin- 

lie  disaster 

w  as  liiiw 


IS  greatly  alV.rted    hy    this   niiexpected   ,<;(.odi 


tils 


lovintr,    so    fractahl 


less. 


so    ])eaceahle   are    tl 


lese    jH'opl,.."'    li,. 
ie!<'  is  not  in  thf 


wrote,  ^-that  I  swear  to  your  Majesties,  tl 
Avi.rld  a.  better  i.ation  nor  a  better   land.     They  love  tl 
neiii'hbors  .ns  themselves;  uiid  their  discourse  i 
andoeiifl,..  and  aicomijaiued  with  a  smile;  and  tlioii-h  it 
true  that  they  are  naked,  ye^    their  manners  are  decorou 
and  piai.se worthy.' 

'  Irving.  ~ 


leir 


s  eve:-  sweet 


IS 


m^M 


go 


cniusroriiKH  roi.rMitrs. 


f 


Wh.'i.  lli.ThiH'  uiH  uiili  Culun.I.iis.  I1.MV1.S  iinirli  ni..vn1 
,,,  i„.|,nMiii-liis  .|..i..ftion.i.r(l..ir..vJ  liiii.  ..v.MV  il.ii.u-  li" 
n„Hs..s.s.Ml  tl.i.f  cnnhl  1...  of  ,sn  vin.  to  him.     M.'  invil.-.l   hun 
on  .slioiv.  wli.'iv  ii  l.i.iuiiM't  w.is  pnM.i.iv.l  for  Ins  ..ut.-ihun- 
n.Hnt.  ......sisiin-  ..f  vi.ii.H..   kinds  of  lisl.  nn-l  Iniil.  nn.l  nn 

,,„in.i.I  va\U\  Itiii  )•>•  til-  niiiiv.-s  uliirl.  iv.-nil.l.-d  :M'<>nv. 
\ri,.r  tlM'  cullMrinn,  li-rnn.liirt.-d  liim  Ion  i.r:iuliliil  ^rov,", 
nln-iv  npwnnls  ot'  a  llionsnnd  ..I'  tin-  .intiv..s  xv..rHnss,.nil.lr.l. 
,,11  i„>rr.'rtlv  nnk.Ml.  wlio  iin  roiin-.l  s.-v.-nil  ol'  tln;ir  finnn-s 

•n.V.lMi s.'     \Vl...nt!i.'   in.liiinsinul   lini^br.!  tii-ir  iinni-s 

Cohiiuhns  unv.'tli.'mnn  mtMlainincnf  in  i.'tnn.  cnlriiliifd 
to  inii.ivss'lhfni  with  a  I'nrmi.lnl.l.' opinion  ol  tlir  military 
,,„w..r  of  111-  Spanianls.  A  Castilian,  «lio  lia.l  mtvm.I  in 
tl, .  wars  ..r  (inina.la,  ..xliibit.-.l  liis  skill  in  -diootin-  \mi1i  a 
Moorish  l.osv,  to  tl:."  ^iivat  a.lmir.il:(m  of  Ih.'  carHim'.  A 
rannon  and  an  ar4.1rl.11s  whv  likrwis.-  .lischai-v.l;  at  Hi" 
sound  of  xvlii.di  th.-  Indians  f.-ll  to  llu'  -lonnd.  as  thonuh 
th'v  had  lu'-n  sfrui'k  bya  thiindi':l'i>lt. 

When  thnv  saw  th-  etV-.'t  of  the  »>alS  ivndini;-  and  sliiv-r- 
in-  th-  tr-s,  rh-v  w-r-  lill-d  with  dismay.     On  l.-inu'  told, 
h.rw-v-r,  that  the  Spaniards  wonld  prot.rt  th-m  with  tli-«- 
.,nns  against  tli-  invasions  of    th-ir  dr-ad-d  •■n-niirs.  tli- 
('•.ril.s   their  alarm  was  rlian--d  into  conlidcnt  -xnltatM.n 
n.usid-rin-  th-nis,.lv..s  nnd-r  the  i.rot-ction  of  Hi-  sons  ol 
l„.MV-n   who  liad  com-  from  Hi-  ski-s,  ann-d  with  thnnd-r 
■uvd  lioh'nin-.     Til-'  caciciu-  plac-d  a  coronet  of  ^i'old  on  th- 
he^ad  of  Colnmbns,  and  liun-  p1at-s  of  ih-  sam-  m-tal  lonnd 
his  n-.-k.  an.l  <lisp-ns-d  lil-ral  pr-s-nts  amon-i  his  loUmv- 
ers      What-ver  trill-s  wr-  oivtm  in  r-tiirn  w-r-  r-,uard-(l 
%vith  r-v-ivnce  as  (vlcstiiil  ji'ifts.  and  w-i-  said  by  th-  Indi- 
ans to  hav-  <-ome  from  Tnir>/,  or  lieav-n.' 

Wh-n  (-inacana^ari  prrc-iv-d  th-  ^r-at  vabi-  wlucli  the 
Admivjil  attaclu'il  to  o.<,ld,  li-  inform-d  bim,  "'•|^^';^'^'^  ^^j'^  "' 

'  .  Fv,.rv.liin'^7,om  o7h,H„Is  ,.f  Ih.  Spuniiurt..  .-vn  ,.rn,t,v  pirr,.nf  Iron.  .n.  H.rt  of  p,  Htn.,..  or 
»h,;     oV      Hi     l.Mla  l,i.M,MnM..l  KM,,,.,- ,.ral  vuli.-.     lli.»kV   ...lis,  lunvv.r.  «nv  HMmh.  h) 

8,m..l..r.l,  .ni^l.t  .■.■...Mt  of  Imvin,  parted  .o  clK.,.ly  wi.h  Mali  au  .m.l.mablc  j.ud.-7.  c<„j,. 


I 


nniisTot'/f/:ii  <  i,/.  i  v/i  /  >•. 


HI 


y  liiiliy  ii'' 
iiviti-il  liitn 
*  »'iitfi'tiiiii- 
Miil.  :itiil  nil 
f(l  ;i  cnjiy. 
til'iil  nrnv,., 
UlSsrliiMrd, 
licir  SIMM'S 
ln'ii'  uann's. 
I  <':ilt'iilati'«l 
he  iiiililiiry 
I  scivHtl  in 
tiiiu'  willi  ii 
[•iii'iiliic.  A 
■^>'(l;  at  lln> 
,  iis  lluiuuli 

jiiid  slilvt'i'- 
i  hfiiiii'  tol'l, 

I  with  tli<'»* 
[■ricliiirs.  till' 

•  'Xllltutidll. 

I  lie  sons  (»!' 

ith  tlmiidiT 

n(,l(l  (»n  the 

;iiHtal  lomi'l 

■  his   rolldw- 

r'le  leuardHl 

hv  the  Indi- 

p  wliich  tliH 
t  t  hei'e  was  a 

iin  I'lirt  of  t,  Htni)'.  or 
i-\i-r.  «cri'  Miimhl  t>y 
Tlii-y  i(in'j(l  not  inu- 

II  om-  (ucii>i(ni  nil  111- 

|\1)  WHllllT  Wll>'    111'    ill 

liiiil  liini.  t'l'iiiiiiK  llie 
Ic  juwul'.—Jiiiii!/- 


Vhrr,  fu.f  far  off,  wImmv  jf  al.Miui,I,.,l:  jukI  h.'  pn.riiJK.Ml  i,, 
I>r.)ciin.  hill,,  (intii  th.-nn..  as  inii.'h  as  |„.  <|.'sii...|.  Tlii>  .uhU 
«'M  iv«i.,ii.  was  .'all.MlCil.Mo.  aii.ljav  aiiiuii;;- lii-h  aiiW^ii.-- 
P"l  ni...inrains.  TIih  .•arl.|i„.  wl...  n.h-l  ..vr  if  ..vMi.-d  iuairy 
ri«'h  iniii.'s,  mikI  had  baiiiifis  nl'  wimmhr  ;i.ild. 

Thiv..  hiMisfs  had  I iinivrii  lufh,.'  shipwivrk.Ml   .-ivu    for 

tii.-ir  ivsid.-ii.r.  Living- oil  shui.'.  and  luiiiiiliim'  fi,.,.|,\  vitli 
th.'  iiafiv.-s,  f||,.y  liccaiiic  rasrinaf.-d  l,y  their. -aM.  idle  (k-mIm 
of  hi'...  Thny  weie  ;.'oveni..d  hy  ih.  ir  eaei.ines  u'lfji  ail  ahso. 
liil<'  l.iif  patnairhal  and  .-asy  iiij,.,  and  exist.-.l  in  that  srafn 
ol"  ininiiiiveaiid  savaue  siiiii.Iieily  which  s.an.'  iihih.s,,j,h,.r.<» 
hav.'  r..iidly  pi.-diied  as  ih,-  must  ..iiviahl.-  ..n  earth. 

"it  is  (vrfain."  says  ,,l.i  ]•,.(, -r  .Martyr,  "that  th..  ian.l 
nnioiiu-  th.'s..  pe..],!,.,  is  aseominnii  as  the  snn  and  wat.-r'  and 
that  'niin.'  and  thin.-.'  the  s.vds  ..f  all  nds.hief  have  no 
l.laee  with  th.'iii.  Th.'y  aiv  .•..nt..|,f  uith  s,,  linj,..  ,|,.,f  ^^^^^^ 
laii:..  a  eoiintry.  (h.'y  hav..  rath.-r  sii|M.rtliiitv  than  Mnire- 
Ji.'ss;  sn  rhar  tli..y  .seem  f(.  live  in  a  p(.l.|..n  w.mI.I,  uiih<.nt 
toil,  in  ..pi'ii  Mai'd'Mis,  n.  ith.T  iiitreM.li.MJ,  i,or  ,shi,f  „|,  i,y 
walls  .ir  h.-.liivs.  Th.-y  .leal  truly  with  on..  an..th..r.  without 
laws.  1)1'  lio.tks.  or  jiidy'.'s." 

In  fact,  th«.y  seem.-d  to  (lis.|iiiet  th.'ins..]v«.snl)..nt  nitfldn"- 
a  few  li..lds.  nilfivat.'d  almost  witli.Mit  lal.or.  rmnish.-d  roo7s 
and  v.-etal)I..s,  their -tov.-s  w.-i..  iad.'n  with  d.'li.-ioiis  fruit, 
and  th..  .'oast  and  riv(.rs  ahoiinded  with  lish.  Softened  hv 
fh<-indul.uvm'..<.f  m.tuiv.  a -ivat  pait..r  th.- dav  was  pass,.,"! 
In- them  in  indo|..nt  lepos...  in  th.'ir  luxury  of  s.-nsatioii  in- 
spiivd  l.y  a  serene  sky  and  v.. lupin., us  .  riniat.-,  and  in  fh,. 
ev.^nini.-tliey  danced  in  th.'ir  fra-rant  -rov.'s,  t„  Hu-ii  na- 
tiomil  sonus.  (n-  th..  ru.h.  s..und  of  their  svlvan  diimis 
When  th..  Spanish  marin..rs  look.'d  lia.-k  iip<.ii  their  .iwn 
toils.une  and  jiainful  lilV,  and  r.  tl.'.l.'d  111,011  th.-  caivs  and 
hardshij).stliat  must  still  1...  th.'ir  1.,t.  slHuil.i  tliev  return  to 
Knrope,  they  r..-ar(h..l  with  a  wis-ul  .ne  tiie  easv  and  idle 
exist.'nce  of  th..  Imlians,  and  many  ..i'  th.'m.  r.>i.ivs..nfiu.r 
to  the  Admiral  the  ditli.Milty  and  danuvr  of  .•ml.arkin-  so 
many  i)ersons  in  one  .small  caravel,  eiitivated  permissi.,n  to 
ivmaiu  in  the  island. 


f^  cniiisToriiKit  roi.r\rnr^ 

wi k  tiH  H  DIvliiM  Inl.TiMMltlHU,  unUWu^  lilm  lo  tl..-   n.nst 

n.lvaiiliW'His  >*p«'t  f«»i"  rMMl.liHli'my;  a  .'ulnMy.     'I  li.^  u  n-rU  <.r 
ll„.  riMi.vl  v><»iil.l  riniiWi  MulnhilHiiml  miiuh  l'..ra  fuitiVHs; 


1' 


n,ltli.'|M...i.l-vvl>".li..Ml.l  i.inain  \n  th-  isliMi.l  rn.il.l  .-x- 
^,,„,.  i,,  |,,,ni  il.i.  laiuu;iK."»f  III"  >>:'l'^"^-  ""•'  ''""•"''  >*'"'*'' 
Ivhil.'  111..  A.lniiial  ivtiiiiH-d  to  Spain  for  ivinlnir..m.-Mts 

(;iiac;ma-ari  waHnv..ijuy.MlMl  liu.linu  ihal  suuw  ..I  Wu-s^ 
v.Ma.l-irul  >inm.u.-rs  w.'iv  K.  ivinain  I'm'  tin'  (U'lViav  ..I  uh 
islan.l.  ami  lliat  tli.'  A.lmiral  lut.-iul.-.l  In  ivvislt  it  ll- 
,,,„lilv  piv..  p^TMiisHlua  to  l.uiM  III-  In.t.  aial  Lis  suli,|.-cts 
,,mvH'v  ai.l.-.l  in  iH  .•..astni.Hnu,  liiil.'  (hva.iiinu  that  (l.-y 
w.....  iis>i-tii.;r  to  plarfoa  ih.-ir  n-.Us  tlu'  Tallin.-  v.-Uv  d 
p,.,p,.t„;,l  'Aw\  t..ilsu:n.'  Hiav.M-y.     In  I'li   .lays  lli.-   Initiv>s 

WMH. ipl.-t...l,     h  .oasis!..,!  ol'uMlionw  \v«'u.l..|.  t..vv.-r,  nmHi 

.,  vault  lM.a..atli,  an. I  ll."  "Ik'1"  "as  st.noMial.'.l  l»y  a  wait- 
(litrli  ft  \\a<i,sMppli.-<l  Willi  III''  aaiaiuhiti.aian.l  iii.amt.'d 
with  lla-  .Mi.nna  sav...l  IVoai  tin-  wivrk.  C.lun.l.us  -av  ih.' 
fortjv.ss  aa.l  harlx.r  thn  luiau'  ..I'  /. "  yorhhul.  or  Tla-  Nativ- 
ity, ill  lu.'Uiorial  ..I'  havia.--  Immjh  pivs.'iv.nl  lYnm  tlir  wivrk  ul 
his  sliip  .ai  Chiistaias  vl.iy. 

Fioai  Ih.-  minih..r..l'  v..hint.'.'i's  that  .iir.'iv<l  t..  innaiii.  la- 
s,.h.rt.'.l  tliiitv-niiii'..l"  the  na.st  ti  list  w(at  hy,  piittin;;'  lii.-iii 
un.hT  111.'  n.maian.l  ..f  M.'  Aiaiia.  iioMiy  and  al,-iia/il  ..f  ih.' 
.„,,„,,„„.,„,  |„  ,,,s..  ..r  his  (h-ath,  I'.-t.'i'  (iiiti.Miv/  was  to 
ti.U..  ih.'.'onimaiK!.  and  h.'  in  liUn  nis...  to  Ix-  snm.r.h-d  by 
Kod.'iic  <l.'  Ksco!)id().  ("olnmlais  tlwii  .  hai-r<-d  ih.'  na-n  t.j 
1».  ..l.rdi.-nt  t..  tli.'irccaniiiaiid.'rs,  ivspcctl'iil  K.  (iiiacana,uan 
iind  his  chii't'tains.  and  ciiriiinsp.rt  and  Iri.'ially  in  th.'ii'  in- 
t.Mc.aisp  with  tlip  nativrs.  As  tii.-ir  sal'.'ty  w.)iil.l  d.'pend 
upon  th.'ir  iinit.'d  f.nr.',  la-  waiiicd  th.'ni  not  to  s.'i.aiat.'  for 
to  stray  bcvond  tlu'  tcmt.ay  ..I'  tla'  i'li.-ndly  ca.i.in...  He 
«>nioin.'dit  "upon  tla-  oth.-.-is.  tocmploy  tla'nis.dv.'s  in  fiain- 
inua  l<nowh'd,uv  of  tin'  island,  in  ainassin,!--  ^old  and  sjact's, 
and  in  seairhin-;'  l'..r  a  more  safe  and  ronvejiient  linrhof. 

Beroiv  his  d.'partiiiv,  la'  ^av.-  th.'  natives  another  military 
■exhilnthm,  to  in.'iease  their  awe  of  ih.'  white  men.  The 
Spaniards    performed   skirmislies    and   natck    lights,    with 


tllf     IIH»Ht 
WI'itU    of 

I  fiiitri'M«; 
t'liiiltt   vK' 

llftltS. 

f   (if    \\u-Si> 

lice  of  liin 
.it    ii.     IIh 

is    Mllijt'Ct'* 

that  «li«'y 
i<x  v(ik«*  ol 

If     I'lllll'^'SS 

(nvt-r,  ssilh 
l>y  ii  widn 
1  riioiiiiti'd 
IS  pivf  lIlH 

Til.'  Niitiv- 
ic  wi'crk  of 

ITIllitill.  Il>) 
Itiim'  tlifiii 

llil/il  nl'  llic 

ic/.  was  to 
(•<'tM(lc<l  by 

lln'    UM'll   t(» 

iiiacaiinuari 
ill  ilicir  iti- 
uld  (l«'|)t'n(l 
('liaial«*  nor 
i(i(|iit'.  He 
•('s  ill  fill i 11- 
and  spict'S, 
linilior. 
luT  military 
nu'ii.  Tilt' 
tiglits,    witli 


hwokIs,  l.M.kh'iM,  !iin«'«'M,  ci.M'^MlMmM,  jiixl  Jir^-ariii^.  Tin-  iii. 
r'  uiM  wfn'aNt..iiisli.(|  at  t|j.'  lN.'fritir>.«<  of  rh..  ^ti'rlcd  ««.u|.. 
i'U\  and  III.'  d.'adiy  power  of  tlh>  <'|.>ssImiw.s  and  niiisUcrs: 
lait  iiotliiim  r.piidl.-d  Ih.-ir  av\..  mid  adniiiiiilmi  ulan  lui, 
j'lHiiK.iis  w.-r.'  di>r|i;irp'd  I'm. in  ih..  I.nircss.  \M:ippi,|n.  j|  |f, 
HiioUr,  Hliakiii«  III.'  r.irt..s|,sulih  tla-ir  tlmnd.'r,  and  Nlirv.riiiK 

tllf  HtlMlli'st   Hies. 

Wh.Mi  Coliuiiltiis  look  l.-avf  ol'  (luacaiiauari.  tln'  kind 
iM'art.'d  rhi.-r  sli.-.|  many  IniiN ;  r„r  la- had  r.-.-n  r<,mp|,.|,.|v 
uoii  l»y  til.'  I...iil^nlfy  ol'  liin  manmis,  Thccrana  n  i.k.  Imil 
mad.'  many  pl.-asini  .•..iiii.'fii.ins  imioiiu  ilir  IndiaiiM,  miil 
lla-y  pail.-d  witli  mntiail  ivhi,.!.  n„,  ||„.  ..,„ld..st  pjiitiiij; 
waswitli  tla*  coaira.l.-M  wlio  iviniuii.'d  li.liiiid.  Tlic  signal- 
Klin  was  liicd,  Tli.- .-ivw  <d"  ila- cniiix.l  ;:ii\,.  ji  lust  ,iii;:inn 
cli.'.'r  r.ij- fh.' j-aJIant  hand  <d'  \..|iiiit.'«'rs  ulm  wviv  ||iiis'"lt.||, 
on  t'li.'  \Nild  slioivs  of  an  iinkiioun  inland,  and  wIk.  \\,.|v  d,.H. 
Iin«'d  alas!  to  wclcona'  their  ('(imimiLf  ns  no  more. ' 

«  .\rM..ii«  111.'  iiMirltfr-  who  wvrr  Ifff  hiMnit  ill  l.ii  Vii»I.I.hI,  hm-  llir  lil-hinMi.  lh//„„„  /,/,y. 
«lio  In  ll.>.  l.,ii«iWi;..  „r  llR.  .loiiinuulMMi,  ■n,<>'i,ul  .A  („///,.y  .,.  l,Oi,„lu"  nmHu:  uf  l.uUvuJ 
ill  livluiiil,  ■>•-•>••/ 


fisfil//    tint'- 

liiniltiiH  st'f 
)iist,  witli  II 

ilt  tlM'lt' Wlll^ 

I  priiVt'tl    tn 

'iihi,  Ki'*'ii» 
lu'  A(liiiii:i!; 
iim:iii«l«'i',  111- 
ilin^'  it  v»'iy 
his  new  n> 

II  tlii'iir.  hilt 
II  Mol  Willi- 
tin'  rai'livt'S 


\<liiiirii!  itin- 
idii,  JH'  riiiijtl 
\  ntiitiy  tiiiH', 
,|ii<li  li»!  <li<l 

IlilH'd  il  CMIII- 

lln'  JH'st  \v:iy 
ir  fiilili'H  t'X- 
it  \v;is  nioiv 
U'  than  to  I'll 


tlti'   lilt'   enlist 
Ht  bay,  thrct' 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


ailllSTOl'lUJli  (-(Jl.lMltL'S. 


8.-; 


lt'!i<;u<'slnl>i'('!i(ltli,  cxtt'iulin^'  fniiiita  the  land,  iiiidlKinlcrcd 
by  the  iiinmit:i;iis  of  Ciuiiay.  line  tlic  Spiuiiaids  liad  a  .-"liai  p 
wkii'iiiisli  witli  tlic  natives,  in  uiiicii  scvfial  of  tin-  hitler 
were  slain.  Tlies*-  Indians  weit-  a  liardy  and  wailike  lace  of 
inonnfaineers,  in  asjurt  lierce,  hideously  ];aiiiti'd.  and  their 
heads  (h'eoiated  witii  featiieis.  'I'jicy  I'oii.irlit  witli  wai-clidis, 
Itowsand  allows,  and  palin-wood  swoids,  su  iiard  and  heavy 
ns  to  cleave  fhioiiuh  a  helmet  to  the  veiy  Itiaiii.  Se\eial  ol" 
the  savages  weiv  killed.  'I'his  was  (he  lii\s(  (■(,iitest  with  tlie 
jieopie  of  the  N'ew  World,  and  the  .///'.v/  time  that  native 
Mood  was  shed  l)y  the  white  men.  Fiom  this  skiinush  the 
plaee  I'eceived  liie  name  (d'  the  <iidl'  of  Art'o  ,s  -now  the 
(inlf  of  Saniena.  The  enconntef  caused  nmch  ^iiief  to  Col- 
nnd)iis,  nor  wonld  he  leave  the  island  until  friendly  icla- 
tioiis  had  been  restored. 

The  Discoverer  <d' a  New  World,  could  not  without  >iitter 
reiiiet,  turn  Ins  back  id'ter  tliice  short  months  upon  those 
sunny  shores, which  had  exjtected  him  so  loii^',  guarded  from 
])etly  iiitiiiders  by  all  the  terrors  <d"  the  ndiihty  ocean.  Vet 
it  mirst  he.  He  owed  it  to  maidiind  to  run  no  needless  risk. 
Others.  perha]is,  before  him  had  found  theii'way  by  accident 
or  desiiiu  to  the  land  in  the  W<'sr,  bsit,  if  it  were  so,  none 
lia<l  r<'tnrne(l  t(»  l-jirope  to  tell  their  tale;  and  so  it  miuht  al.so 
be  in  his  own  case.  All  that  he  had  so  far  done  miuht  lie 
for  ever  lud  behind  tliat  waste  of  waters,  ami  his  fate  miyht 
be  oidy  one  dark  examjih' nd(l»'d  to  tlie  rest  to  wain  rasli 
mortals  not  to  try  to  read  the  s(^crets  of  the  dee]).  He  wish- 
ed, indceck  at  lirst  t(»  make  the  homeward  voyauc  include  a 
little  latei'al  e.\i)lorin,u-,  but  this  desi<;n  he  .soon  found  him- 
self forced  to  relimiuish. 

^'ew  daniiors  were  at  hand.  About  the  20th of  .lanuary, 
abandoniuii'  all  secondary  [)lans,  he  steeicd  for  the  Ax.ores, 
and  the  sea,  befon'  so  tiinupiil,  was  soon  beset  with  wiiuland 
storms.  On  the  12th  of  Febrnaiy  a  fearful  storm  overtook 
them,  and  became  nun'e  and  more  furious,  until,  on  the  14th 
it  rose  to  a  hurricane,  before  wliicli  Pin/,oii's  vessel,  the 
Piiild,  could  only  drift  helple-isly.  whil(>  the  XiFri  was  able 
to  set  u  dose-reefed  foresail,  which  kept  her  from  being  bur- 


g^  cmifsTOPifKn  cor.vwnr.^. 

i.'d  in  lilt'  fid'.iuli  nl'  rlic  Mcii.  Ill  111.' ('vcniiiu' b(»tli  caravi'lM 
wwr  sciiddiiiu-  iiiKlcr  l)iirt'  IM^I('s,  nii«l,  \\  licii  diirkiu'ss  I't'll,  iiiid 
tlic  siuii!il  liuhr  of  tilt-  /V//A/  ^Ifiim.'d  I'lirtlitT  nnd  liirtlitT 
oir.  tliroiiuli  Ihc  l.liiidiiiLr  s|»r;iy,  until  !it  hi^t  it  coidd  Ix' s»tm 
no  moiv  wlMMi  his  p;iiiic-stiicU»'M  civw,  giiv**  ilu'insrlvcs  up 
lo  dt's]):iir.  us  th(»  winds  howled  londtT  and  louder  -then,  iu- 
<l('i'd,  witliout  :i  siiiulf  skillfd  n:iviiiiitor  to  advise  or  to  aid 
liini.  (.'olunihus  must  Iimvp  I'dt  liiuiscll'  idoncwiih  tlu'<;|oouiy 
lii,ii,lit  and  till'  awi'id  tfaiiH-sf.  r,ut  liis  Itiavc  licait  l>oiv  liini 
u|"  and  his  wondt-rfnl  capacity  l'«'r  devising-  exiu-dicnts  on 
Hiiddcn  ciMciTicncit's  did  noi  foisak*^  him. 

As  lilt'  stoft's  wcn'  (onsumcd,  the  .X/T/"  IVlt  the  want  <tf 
the  ballast  which  Coliiinhus  lind  intended  to  hdve  on  hoard 
lit  one  of  the  islands.  "Kill  lhe<'asks  with  water.""  he  said, 
and  let  ihemserveas  ballast"- an  exiiedient  which  hasuiuwn 
common  enoiiuh  now. but  which  ///'>/  w;is  ]>iobMbly  ori.yi.ial. 

Nor.  while  he  did  all  thiit  humiin  skill  could  su;:'^est  for 
the  safety  oi'  his  vessel,  did  the  dauntless  Admiral  nc>^lect 
to  Invoke  the  aid  <»f  thiit  Alini.uhty  Tower  at  whose  special 
inspinition  be  felt  he  hud  undertaken  the  expedition.  With 
his  ulutle  Clew  he  drew  lots  to  choose  one  of  their  number  to 
l>erf(»rin  a  iiilurimaue  to  the  shrine  of  Our  Lady  of  (inada- 
]ou])e.  Columltus  was  chosen.  Twice  more  were  the  lots 
drawn  with  a  siir.iliir  (»bject.  and  once  a^-ain  the  lot  fell  to 
the  Admiral.  Afterwards,  he  and  all  his  crew  made  ji  vow 
to  ;xo  in  laocession.  clothed  in  penitential  ^^arnients,  t(»  the 
Jirsf  chuirh,  dedicated  to  the  Immaculate  Vir<iin,  which  they 
should  meet  with  on  arrivinir  ut  land— a  vou,  that  we 
shall  ]tresen!ly  .SL-e,  was  followed  by  quite  unexpected  cir- 
cnnistiinc;'s. 

When,  in  friitli,  the  chanc(>s  of  weatheriuir  the  storm  had 
biM'ome  small,  IJoliimbus  determed  that  if  possible,  the  tidinirs 
of  his  discoveries  should  not  perish  with  him.  He  wrote  a 
short  account  of  liis  voynue  on  jiarchment,  and  this  lie  in- 
dos'tl  in  wax,  and  ])laced  in  a  cask,  which  he  committed  to 
the  waves.'    Thinkinjj,  i>r(tbably,  that  his  orew  would  inter- 

1  \lmiit  till'  vrar  1.H.V-'.  vritcs  Sir  Arliiiii-  Hilp".  a  piirriL'niph  went  \U'  r<.Mii.l«  of  llir  Eiii.'li>h 
pre"  MiMKiimrinu:  llii'  (liscoviTV  (if  Ilii-  lavk  iMi  llic  Arricmi  iiw>t.  liy  llw  bark  C/riffldix  iif  Hih- 
tiin.  M:is«,  l.aiiiiiriinc  lias  acii'iiU'd  this  '^too•  u»  torricl,  bul  it  has  iiour  bci'ii  uutlifUticutod. 
/.i/i  (i/'  t'ulumhuf,  p.  llli,  iiotu. 


cmusT()i'iii:n  ro/. r.)fnrs. 


87 


hoth  caravt'ls 
inivss  I't'll,  iind 
•  jukI  I'lirtlitT 
could  Ix'  sct'ii 
ht'iiisrlvcs  tip 
il^r— llu'ti,  ill- 
k  isi'  or  to  iiifl 
ill  tlu'^looiiiy 
ciiit  lioiv  him 
'xiu'dicnts  on 

tilt'  want  of 
ii\(*  on  lioiii'd 
itri',"'  lu'siiid, 
icli  liiis<ir(»\vn 
ilily  oii.yi.iiil. 
(1  sii^'p'st  for 
iniriil  r.<',ul<'ct 

AJIOSC     SlHM'iill 

ditioii.  Willi 
t'ir  jiiinibt'i'  to 
dy  of  (iiiiida- 
\v*'re  tilt*  lots 
lir  lot  IVli  to 
V  niiult'  ji  vow 
•nients.  t(»  the 
in,  which  they 
row,  that  we 
iiexiH'Ctt'd  cir- 

he  storm  had 
)le,  the  tidiiiiis 
,  He  wrote  a 
id  tliis  lie  in- 
committed  to 
r  would  inter- 


roiMi(l«  of  till'  Eiit:li>h 
)ark  C/iiel'/niii  i>f  H""- 
(T  bc'i'ii  uullii'iiticiituU. 


pret  fhi.siisnnal)inid..nmcnt  of  „I1  hope  be  roncealed  fnmi 
tlieui  the  real  Mature  of  tl,,.  contents  of  (I.,,  cask,  so  tjiat  the 
•""liners  l-cliev..,!  that  (hdr  Commamler  was  pern-rniin- 
mnne  reliu,,„i,s  c.-reniony  which  mi-h,  j.ssuanv  the  fiirv  o7 
tl:e  aiiury  elenienls.' 

As  the  Admiral  continued  to  vi,.\v  the  wild  storm,  peal 

was  his  a-ouy  of  mind.     -I  coidd  have  siii.port.Ml  (h.'s  rvil 

ortum.  with  less  o-Hef."  h..  wiote,   "had  manv  person  alone 

lieen  in  je(.pardy,  since  I  am  a  debtor  for  mv  life  p.  tj,,.  Su. 

pvme  Creator,  ami  have  at  other  times  1 n  within  a  step,,!" 

.•leaih.  Milt  It  was  a  cause  of  inlinite  sorrow  and  tn.iiMe  to 
ihinA  that  after  liavin-  he.m  illuminated  from  on  hio|,  wiiii 
iaith  aiMl  certainty  to  uiid,>rtake  this  enteri>rise.  after  havin..- 
victoriously  achiev.'d  it,  and  when  on  llie  j.oint  of  con" 
vinciiii--  my  oppoii.'iits  and  seciirin.u'  to  voiir  iliiihiu.sscs 
^T-eat  nloiT  and  vast  iucreas..  of  dominicms,"  it  should  please 
the  Divim'  Majesty  (o  defeat  all  l.v  mv  d.-ath."  {[,.  ....ids 
that  he  .leeply  f,.|t  the  lat.'  of  those  for  whose  ,lea!li  he  was 
responsible. 

On  the  J.-.th  of  February  il...  storm  abated  to  some  evten^ 
and  at  last  they  came  in  si-ht  of  some  land.  It  was  one  of 
the  A/ores.  The  recei)tion  ..f  the  temp.vst-tossed  Si)aniards 
in  St.  Mary's  of  the  Azores  by  the  Christian  Poitu-.-se  was 
in  stranue  contrast  P.  the  kind  and  -e„erous  c<,ntrast  <.f  the 
po<.r  In.lians  of  Hisj.aiiiola,  wJien  the  ^V^v/</  Maria  ran 
ashore  and  became  a  wreck. 

The  (ioverm.r  sent  amicable  me.ssaofes  fo  Colu,nl)us,  and 

k n..« I,.,!.-,,  of  „,y  v.,v,„...  ,M„I  ,h..  .,uv,.--  « i,l,  „ „i,.h  i,  w„.  „„.,„.l,.,l.     l.-.„.  ,„„  ,,,  , '"       . 

=  M:=;::r::-:;:-r;!::;;;«;;-*rr-^^ 

!i  f  ,i;:v::^:;— r::;;:;^:;::;-;r;r;/S7;  r;;;  ■   5B^ 
:::::;  s;:r;:™:s::j:s;x;::,r:::;£:;:;::7:*,;r:;::::S' 

the  .m  rc.mauun«  above  waler  ■nifht  be  committed  to  the  u'niclanee  of  fortune,-  '  ' 


^^  CIllllsTiirilHli  COfAUilLS. 

„,,„„„„,ln.,  his  inf.'ntiou  of  visirln^^  him.    nm  wlM-n-  i-  ful- 

ni    It     r.lu.ir  vuw-l..ir  tl...  .•. ■  .vnt  bn.vluot...l,  uM  . 

"in.......  in  t!...  Cl.uirh  of  St.   Mary.  -Inrh  was    u 

;^   ,1,.  iMrlH.r.  tlM-  t.v.rl,...ous  (iuyovmv  u.i.l  Iuh  saMl.t  «s 
",      „,,„sh  on  tlH.  nKMl,  a.Hl.  nll.^'iM^M..yal  on  ...s  <•:„.- 

rirailew.Mv  still  at  ,..:,.■.,  l...t  K  aiM-ars  (l.a.  tins  nu.u 
^mII         na  lit.l..  l.n.r  antl-uity/'  tl.ou.l.t  that  .h...-ap. 
,Z  wouhl  ^-.alirv  his  sov.ivi....      Of  no  ava.l  uv.v  th.    .- 
„s  ra.  .'...of  t-nlu.nhus.     Hut  tlx.u.h  Iho  (  ovn  nor  sp.  v , 
w    h        >u  and  h.nv  .•.mt.n.i.t  of  K,.r.liaa...l  a.ul  Is:.!-)  a, 
H  It    '       ".iu.sv.-ol.hant  f.M.n.l  it  nmv.nio.t  to  :,lh.w  h,s 
'     Is       t     .i:.l>M.t.'    Th.    pitil.-ss  stonn   LroU-   u|.on    .h.;.u 
'     i,     :uul,J.s.u..l   th..p.llaMt    little  n.,av.lwth.v.MU. 
;^m.sh,.fm\-.tillJ..M.tatl<.atbyas,,vM>l.m^^^^^^^^^^ 
,r,.r(Ml  into  harbor  at  the  iimnth  of  the  rivr  la-us. 
'ci.     l.uscliano,   lik.   th.siluati<.n,butno<.hoM..waB 
o-iven     11.'  s.nt  a  nu-ssa^.  i.n.u.'.liat.ly  to  th.  Spanish  s..v..- 
ei    's  and  atu.th.r  to  .h.  Kin,,  of  l>ortn^al.     ('row.ls  .-amo 
rh,ok  at  hin.  and  his  Indians.     H.  was  fvatyd    r.m,    he 
i  St  with  n.ark..d  r.sp..-!.     Tl...  Kin,'  mv.t.-d  hnn    ..    on  t^^ 
,1  „„„...,,  ,1,,  P.,rtnovs,.  rnh'r  must  huv,.  b.rn  tortni.  I  b> 
:.    "wh..uh.lh.a.,ht..fallh..ha.lalh^^^^^^^^ 
is  -Masp,  h..  .li.l  n..t  p..rnut  ('..Inn.bus  P.  bvl  any  Hb...t 
His  displ..asur,.,  but  n>n,.ratulat,.d  him  kindly  a.ul  j;av..  luni 
HKMiy  nuuks  ,>f  his  ostHO...  ,,^^_^^^  ^,, 

Kin.  .bUn  even  oll.'rc.l  to  oscoir   i  is  f-' 

S,nin   but  tl...  st..r.n  lia.l  now  pass.-.l.  an.l  (  ..lu.nlu  s  pre- 

^1 "  I         ..ntiiu...  th..  v.ya,...    U.'  ran  into  Pah.s  on  Fn.lay^ 

.    1   th  ..f  >burh,  U'Xl     (Itvat  was  th.'  ex«'it..nn.nl   m    he 

1      own.      Th..' inhabitants  had  b....n,ra.lualys..t..np 

;„,,  into  sombr..  rosipuition.  an.l  s.-airoly  ^-^^^    ^^ 

of  th..  tuTible  fat.,  to  whi.-h  s.»  many  who  were  (h 'a.  P.  t.i    u 

u  been  e.msi,n,..l;  an.l  n..w,  wh.-n  they  saw  tl-nv-n     t- 

le  (■•iravel,  the  .Y//7r',  a.-tnally  sailiii.  up  th..  (Mi.'l    hey 

^re      m.st  as  n.n..h  tak..n  by  s,^  as  the  i>o..r    nd.ans 

Ts^m  Salva,lor  had  b.-en.    Th..  bells  were  nin,  in  iv,ju..nj^ 

I  P  do.  cum.  to  the  river-.idu  to  welcome  buck  friends  uud 


lien-  i"  I'lll- 
fuotcd,  (III  :i 
was  not  far 
his  satt'llitt'S 
(»i(l<'is,  cap- 
of  INirlii^iiil 
lilt  this  mail 
liat  tii»'<-ap- 

Wt'li'   tilt'  W' 

v(M nor  spoko 
iiid  Isalti'lla, 
t  to  allow  his 
iiltoii  tlu'iii 
with  cvci-iii- 
•ach',  it  stag- 
;us, 

()  clioiic  was 
panisli  xtvpv- 
( "row (Is  caiiio 
itt'd  from  the 
liin  to  Court, 
a  tortiir.'d  by 
il  to  slii>  I'l'dm 
any  clVccts  of 
and  ^lavc  him 

f   ovci'laiid  to 
'olumluis  pve- 
los  (m  Frichiy, 
tcmcnt  in  the 
lually  settling 
laivd  to  think 
V  dear  to  them 
■  tlu'ir  own  lit- 
i(.  ()(li(>l,  tlu'y 
>  ])ooi'  Indians 
[\(r  in  ivjoicin<r, 
ick  friends  and 


CIinisToniHii  COIAMItUS.  ggi 

relatives,  as  if  flicy  had  risen  from  tii.-  dead,  and  to  hear 
the  talc  of  WdtKh'l'. 

My  a  stran^^c  a<-ci(h'?it.  a  few  Ikmus  later,  hefore  the  lir.st 
l)lirst  ol   erithllrsiasti<'  weieome  had  sillisided.  while  the  l.ells 

were  still  riii/rin^M.*  tell  ihe.MMintry  round,  and  the  Admiral 
was  receiviriii-  fresh  felicitations  every  monu'iit.  the  Vinln, 
well  known  in  I'alos,  stood  up  the  river  and  cast  anchor  hy 
the  side  (.f  the  iV/y/^/.     Martin   Ah.n/.o  IMn/.on  was  not  on 

i)oard.     The  Piutn  had  I n  driven  by  the  ;iale  into  tli«>  jJay 

of  I'.isc.iy,  and  from  Ifayt.nne,  Pin/onhad  hastily  dispatchdl 
a  letter  lo  the  Si)a"ish  soverei^qis,  arro.uatim;  to'  himself  all 
the  merit  of  the  discoveries,  for  he  felt  cpiite  sure  that  tim 
l.o(.r  little  A7/7^/ and  Columbus  had  i»eiislied  in  the  storm. 
His  own  crew  would  not  contradict  hi.<  statement,  he  thouuht, 
for  their  interests  were  identilied  with  his,  and  d.-ad  men 
tell  n<.  tales  The  A/v/^^  lyin.i--  olf  I'ah.s,  was  hidden  by 
the  bend  in  the  river,  and  it  was  (.nly  at  the  last  moment, 
when  Ii<>  was  almost  in  the  act  of  laiidin.;-,  that  jioor  Martin 
Ahaizo  Pin/on  saw  the  MTki  lidinuat  anchor  with  the  Ad- 
miial's  lla.ixat  the  masthead.  Il(>  had  come  to  reap  a  harvest 
of  M'hoy  iu  his  native  ].la<'e,  while  he  waited  for  the  royal 
answer  summonimr  him  to  C.mrt.  Never  was  applicant  "for 
royal  favor  so  crestfallen  since  Aman  made  ov«'r  ids  honors 

'••  Miii'docl sand  was  haiiiivd  in  his  stead.    The  unhai)py 

man  crept  over  the  side  of  ids  vessel,  uiade  off  in  his  b.^at 
as  fast  as  he  nmhl,  and  kept  out  of  siyht  till  Columbus  left 
Palos.  Then  he  ma(l(>  his  way  silently  home,  to  di"  very 
soon  of  a  broken  heart.  It  was  n<.t  fear  of  any  punishmenV 
which  the  Admiral  miuht  inflict,  but  a  se|f-accusin,n-  con- 
science  which  made  him  shrink  fiom  i)ublic  notice.  He 
had  just  en(.u,i-h  i-reatness  (.f  so.il  to  IVel  the  fidl  shame  of 
his  own  nieaness  and  defection. 

The  Phda  and  KiTin  liad  b(4ween  them  brou.uht  back 
eveiy  man  behm-iinu:  to  Palos  who  had  joiiied  the  entei-])rise. 
Of  the  thirty-ei-i-ht  who  stay(>d  at  f^a  Xavidad.  jiot  one  was 
from  Palos.  Only  one  man,  an  Indian,  had  dieil  on  tla^ 
voya^'e.  The  ^vneral  exultati(,n  was  not  su'lied,  as  the  joy 
of  victory  invariably  is,  by  private  grief. 


III) 


ciinisroriiKR  cor. umuus. 


Xotiill  III.'  r(i!i-nitiiliitioiis  tluit  |nvMs..(l  in  upon  liim.  or 
„ll  ,|„.  nuii,.i|.:.ti..nH  of  l.iuluT  ^Iniy  in  a  \vi<lcr  spli.-n.,  cuul.l 
i.ii.U,.  th.-n.iil.fii!  NHViinl  of  llnly  Mniy  f..iu..t  thr  vows 
p,. Hm.v.liMllu'l.uninn.is.l.M.p.lisllvss.    ()nr..niu'H..WMS 

top.  Willi  Mil  his  m.-ii  ol'lli.'  y'''^  in  pnuvHslnn,  in  pniit.-ii 
,ii,lpiil..  to  tli.>  iicim-Mt  Mlirinrnr  .mr  Liidy,  aft."  huuhuf:. 
II..  lia.l  n.a.l.'  tlu'  attru.pt  I"  U«'"!'  H'"  v-w  wlirn  ln"  \uih\M 
in  thr  Azi.ivs,  hilt  lia.l  iM-n  piw.'iii.Ml  as  wo  wiw  l.y  tli.'at- 
,i,,„l.'  of  III-  I'ni1n-ih-s.'  (Jovninr.  Tli.'  A.lniinil  tli.-n  iv- 
scmMl  its  riilllllni.'nt  for  tlw  HimI  lan.liii.ir,  and  s..  it  liap- 
iM'n.'il  tliat  till'  vron'ssion  niairlMd  to  iIk'  Convent  ui  l/i 
l{:il.i(la.  aii.l  it  f.'ll  to  ^hmI  Falli.-r  .loliii  IVivz  lo  say  Hi.' 
Miiss  ol'l'liaiiks^ivin^'.  , 

Tin-  ni.'n  w.Mv  then  p.-nnilt.-.l  to  n.j..in  tli.-ir  laniiln-s.  and 

oiirh  on."  must  liav.-  Ih'.-u  at  v  a  li.-i"  .'H  Ids  .'wn  a.-coiint, 

tlit'c-nKTora  riirl.'ot'adiniiin.u'ln.'iids  wli..  Iiihik  witli  rapt 
,„,.nii..n  .Ml  his  words  as  1...  .h'livnvd  hi.  o.acnlaf  am.nnt 
ortla-nnis.'.     Colmnl.us  naturally  IV'II  back  np..n  La   Ifa- 
l.idi,      liis   -fainilv-    livc.l  tlM'iv,  r..r  In-  "as  a  son  ..I  St 
Francis.     Tli.-  pL-ns  day  .livanis  of  Fath.-r  IN-iv/.  ha.l  I. .mid 

i,„'l I  th.'ir  ruHlllni.'nt,"  and    Ih.'i'.'   n-ally   w.-iv  in  th.'  lar 

wrst  nations  t..  b..  ..van-iOi/.i-d.  Tlio  Cross  had  ahva.ly  l>....u 
i.lnnt.'d  111.  IV,  but  that  was  only  the  b.-iniiin-.  It  was  n..t 
enotidi  to  tind  a  n.-w  world.  (Jrav.'  ivsp<.nsibditi.-s  .h>- 
volvcd  iii»on  thf  lin.b'r. 

C.»liunl.iis  ••ould  n..wspt.ak  and  bo  llstniod  t.).  Kin,us  aii.l 
Popos  would  value  his  advi.'.N  iM'Hiaps  sliap.'  ih.'lr  <M.ndn.'t 
upon  it.  The  dostinios  of  millions  of  iniiiioital  souls  wcro 
(h'liv.T.'d  to  his  k.'.'iiinu-.  In  that  conv.Mit  on.-.'  aln-ady  a 
moiv  important  junto  had  boon  li.'ld  than  that  .f  Salamanca, 
nn.l  m)w  tlic  monk  an.l  the  A.lmiial  lai.l  Ih.-ir  h.'a.ls  to- 
p.th.-r  anain  to  d.'\is.«  <>Tcat  things.  Columbus  in  hiscdl  sii].- 
ph'Ui.'nt.Ml  bv  a  full  nanativ.>  th.-  bri.'f  d.'spatcli  scut  liom 
the  Tai-Mis,  aiul  .'ounsdlcd  Isabella  to  .'om.'  to  terms  with  Ih.' 
Ib.ly  S<.e,  sn-iL-vstin^-  a  lin.'  <»r  .h'marcation  between  thu 
East,  which  beh)n,-.Ml  to  Portugal,  and  the  Went,  wiilch. 
ought  to  behmg  t.)  Spain. 

It  is  easy  to  sneer  at  the  "sage device" '  of  the  Pope.     "  It 


viiinsTdi'iiini  CO/.  r}f Ill's. 


Of 


poll  him,  or 

Illicit',  Culllil 

•t    till'   vows 

of  lIlt'HJ'W.'IS 

,  ill  )ifiiit*>ii 
tc  •  liiiitliii;:'. 
'II  III'  l;iti(l*'il 
w  Ity  tln'  iit- 
liriil  tln'ii  ic- 

(l  so    it    llil|'- 

invent  of   liii 

A    to  !Sil>  tin* 

fiiniilies,  mid 

)\VII  ilCCnUIlt, 

iiii;'  with  r;i|it 
■iihtf  iiccoiiiit 
i|Miii  L;i  Itii- 
ii  son  ol"  St. 
(•/,  hiid  round 
c  in  tilt'  I'mi' 
iilrt'iidy  Imm'ii 
it  wiis  not 
isihilitit'M  da- 

Kiii;i'sand 
hi'if  ('oiidiict 
111  souls  wfi't' 
ict'  iiln':i<ly  a 
)l'Saliiiiiiiii('ii, 
eir  lieads  to- 
il hisct'll  sii])- 
tcli  sfiit  ri'Diii 
I'l'ins  with  tilt' 
hctwt't'ii  tlio 
West,   which. 

e  Pope. 


WHns  never  to  have  occurred  t<»  th  «  PontilT."  writes  livlii^r, 
"that  by  iiiisliiiiM;  their  ttpposite  careers  of  discovi'iy  they 
jni;;lit  some  day  or  other  ci»me  iiniiin  in  colJIsitMi  and'  renew 
tlie  i|iiesii..n  .»r  territorial  ritrlit  at  the  Antipodes."  If  if  luid 
occurred  to  the  IN.pe,  he  miuht  have  alst)  hat!  soiiie  liuhi 
from  Heaven  to  kinnv  that  lie|'t»re  thecidlision  <d"  Spaiiianls 
roiindinn'  the  world  to  the  West  and  l*t»itii,ifiiese  to  the  Kast 
took  place  at  the  Antipodes.  Knxlaiiil  iiiiuht  have  soiiiethiuM; 
tt»  s.iy  to  lia  M  of  ilemai'.Mfion.  It  was  the  truest  w  isdtnii  !<• 
deal  with  the  ditliciilty  as  it  pifseiiteil  itself,  niitl  seliloin  has 
n  vast  internalioiial  pinMein  lieeii  no  trenchantly  .solved. 

The  peiiitt  iifiiil  procession,  hm.t'ver,  was  tmly  one  t»f  many 
vows  which  had  hceii  maile  in  that  lon,u' series  of  teriihln 
Nttirms.  O.it  id*  foiir<»llier  vttws  propt>sed  to  the  act  fptance  t»f 
all  on  littaitl  the  .X./'n/,  time  jiiitl  l.y  lot  fallen  tt»  Ct.lnnilm.s 
liimself.  They  iiivolveil  a  jtiiiri'cy  to  Santa  .Maria  tie  (.'iiatl- 
Jlllipe,  WJiere  he  prolliisetl  the  liionhs  to  tall  olie  tif  lijs  i>l. 
jinils  after  their  toiiveiit,  ant.ther  tt»  Sania  Clara  at  Mt.M|„.r, 
where  he  spent  the  ilixllt  heftne  the  Blessed  Saciaiiient.  an<l 
a  third  to  Santa  .Maria  tie  la  Ceiila  in  iliiclva.  Then  he  re- 
ceived Holy  Comiiiiinitiii.  after  eiuhf  intiiith:^'  pri\alioii.  Iltt 
remained  a  few  ilays  with  Father  Peiv/,  and  ihcii  went  to 
Seville  to  wait  for  the  answer  <d'  the  Kin^^  ami  (iiieen. 

It  came,  adtlresseil  "  7V>  />o/i  i'hi-hli>i>lii,-  CithimhiiK,  mir 
Aihuiral  nf  llii'  ih't'tni  S>'n,  Vii-rrnif  <iinl  (lumiior  nf  t/i<'  /.s7- 
(tiif/s  (lisrni'i'r<il  in  fh"  /h'Hi'h."  He  was  invit-d  to  pro- 
ceeil  as  ,st»on  as  iiossihie  to  Barcelona.  The  jtMiiiiey  was  u 
triumphal  proce.ssit>n  all  the  way.  He  hati  siiinnittncd  his 
sailors  from  I'ali»s  tti  share  the  lioiors.  ami  as  l»y  that  tinit) 
all  Ihccodiitry  had  lii'ard  t)r  the  liiaml  discovery.  crt)wtls 
llocketl  alttn;;'  the  route  to  teinler  their  respect  to  llie<>rcat 
man  as  he  ])a.ss'd.  The  Tmlians  whtmi  he  carried  with  him 
wi'iv  olijects  t»f  special  interest,  and  a  monster  i<iiiana,  harm- 
less enoai-h  eviai  when  alive,  hut  lookinii'  \in\  ilialMilical 
even  when  stiilled,  wa.s  an  object  td"  mingletl  wtjiider  and 
J'ear. 

Thti  entlnislasm  f>f   the  ])eoplo  was  a  snir'rostitm  to  the 
Court,  and  a  recei)tit)n  in  the  grandest  style  t»f  the  Spanish 


.  rnimrnvinm  cniAStnVft. 

,Hvvn  1...  VV..H  inW  bv  a  ih.I.I..  .'H.oit  of  youn«  .ava  I.-.h  a.al  a 

:  U  ,w  :.  nu./l.v  hi.  H,a...|y  b.a.ln,' mul  .o.an.au.hu^ 
,"':»'"  11.  tul.e  tlu.  o.nual  llguu.  of  tUU  ahnunt  Uo.uau 
liiaaiph. 

..  \  U„Mi«.n.l  irumpH.  rln«  wllhin  ol.l  H.mlnnu.  w-ilN. 
A  ll.o,m..l  «.llun.  n..l.l...  .1....,,,  lu  H....l...m h  '';'";- 

Th .'".^1.  ..•:"  a.  I.nm.l ...  wtI-Ik  ,..  .1-1.  ,.-.  I.ls  uUmyU.u,  .nlu.li 

A,„|  Klnu'Mt.l  li- n  >vlll  «ni.v  fniMH-ih  th-  nmrln.i>  uin.>    - 

T   .    n     Iv  H.i.n  un  ...... n.a  n...l  .< -HV..  In  I'uIuh  town  .mi.  .lay! 

\,„i  n„.iv..H ..f  .h.,M.  ,...w  f.....Hi  vv...M^  .«•">  "••■""";'  •;  """'• 

A   ,    in  .1...  ...i.U.  T..K  A..M...M.,  l.i^  .•l"«r..T  ....ppnl  whh  p.  .1 

A      ;    .:.Ha,..lp.ln..-....M...r......a,,,ll;...l. ^^^'^'^y\. 

A...i  I......IS  l.lio  .'•  <!"•  l»'a».i.'....H  .l<...u.'..i.>.»  cuv.»lk'r«  ..r  Hp...... 

\,  11,.'  n.val   palur..  .1.."  Il.st   hall  of  au.lh'ii...  l.a.l  Im.mi 
t,,;,„va  <M.»'".  A  s..at  sph.n.rally  a.ln.n.-a  was  placnl  .In...  i.j 
front  «.r  111."  two  ...val  ihioa-s.  whirl.  s.i.pass.Ml  ih.-w  ..saal 
n.M.M.in.-.'.av.     K.-nlinan.h....l  Isaln-lla   w.-iv  al.va.ly  s.-at-.l, 
Nvartin-  !•...•  r..l.....:.i.s.     NVl..'t.  ihmMapM-n..-  o    tla-  on-aii 
„P,,,„:h-1..mI.    .I...y   ...s..  to  pv..t    hi....      In  vai..   la-  t.a.l   to 
kn.-..|  a...l  kiss  th.i.-  I...M.IS.     Not  till  h.-  was  s..at...l   woal.l 
th.'vr..s.M.a'th.'i.-s.'ats.     Tl..'...  tla-y   ,l..n.aiuh-.l  his   ..ana- 
tiv.'   an.l  with  .•han.ii..^^  lao-h'sty  a.al  sHf-p<.ss,.ssior.  la-  uAd 
,1.HM  of  tla-i.-  n.'w  a.....ii.ions.     W.-.lo  not  poss^-sstla-  wonls 
of  his  .lisronrs.',  l.at  wh.'i.  la-  linish.'.l.th..  Kinir  an.l  (i.i.-n, 
with  all  th.-   vast   nmltita.h'  ,ac«.>!it,  f<-1l   i.pon  tla'ii-  Um'<;s 
,,„a,i„.  rhoirof  lh.'.-oyalrhap.'l  rhant.-l   the  'l\'  Ih'un   m 
,l,anks-ivin-to(i.Ml   r..r  the  mi^^hty  ,|..,hIs  of  ChnstoplaT 

Dmino-  th..  who!.'  of  this  s..j..m-n  at  HairHl'^rM..  tla-  S<.v.'i- 
ei.-ns   t.M.k  .'v.'iv    o.rasion   to    lu'stow    peisunal    n.a.Us   o 
hiih  fonsidnution  on  thi-  A.ln.i.al.     He  was  a'l'n'tt.Ml  at  all 

I  (1. 11.  siipulf. 


ojuImmI  (lie 
lift><  iiikI  li 
f  <iu  Iml*-''- 
iiriitniiii*liti^ 
luHt  Uoiiiau 


iliul, 

Miiiiil; 

»>  - 
iliiy ! 
xliirlKiulvitiico 

lllllCI', 

iinliilil, 
^'iilil; 

Isy.ll, 
k*  III-  I'l  III. 
i|miii."' 

(•('  li:i(l  lit't'tl 
iici'tl  closf  ill 
I  (licir  n>^!iiil 
cady  M'litt'd, 
ol'  till-  nct'illl 
I  lit-  tl'U'il  to 
;i>ilt<>il  would 
'd  Ills  iiiiiiii- 
'ssiori  li«'  fold 

»'SStln'  Wdl'ds 

X  iind  (iMffi), 

I  tlit'ir  UiK'cs 

7V  /h'inii  ill 

r  ('liiist(»i>lit'r 

'!'i,  111!'  Sovcr- 
i:d  murks  nl' 
dinitti'd  at  all 


nwrsrop/iKii  rot.r.vnrn  ,,., 

Mrm'H  t.,  f|,o  royal  pr,.s..mv.  and  .1...  (^,...., ii^.|,r..d  f.»,on. 

xvVH.  win,  him  .m  ,1...  .,„.J...,  ,.r  |,i...,if...p,is..s     Tl...  K  ,  "' 
t.M..  n,.,H...,n.d  .M.aMiorially  .,„  |,or.s..|iarl<   w|,h    »!„.   PrLnv 

•';•''"';",'";" ^':'''  ""•'*' '"'"'-"" " <i,..r,  tm  ,M.nK.ti^ 

«'r-inl.sfamilyrl...«|o,.y..r,,i.,,,,,i..,,,,,,,, „   .  ,•        , 

VMS  n..si«„,.d  ,,,,,,,  ,,.,„..,  „..„,i,ms  ulMil,  .;..,..  „  ,,,  , 

A  ('ii»lilla  y  il  I.i'iin 
Ni'iiVd  imiriilii  (ll.i  (oloii.i 

Norn,  m.u  .s,H,k,.  „,..,..  Inmlly  ,!,..  ,.,ni,s,.s  of  tl...  man  wt.om 

;''•'••'-•''';:''•'   •'i-lisrn.,s.s,u|...,.  akimiuoidu...    I 
' ;'  •' "'■"•'...d  IMS  |,..a.t  and  I,...,,  r.i.vv.Tn.m.mlH.n.d.     \V..|I 

Mill  "7    .';';''■'''';■/''' '■"'"in.n.f..s,a.ionsuru...nd- 

yU       ''''•'»••'•' "•'•anKafh..,!)i...Hd..h../a.  who  l.nd,.l..ad. 
H  lMsr;„.H..nf  Salamanra.  ..Imivd  ui,li  Karl,..,.  .loh,.     •..,../ 
Ins.mdy.nuMTa.inid..;  1.,,,  Iio  was  u.-ll  asH,u...d  ,|,:.,  ,|...  Has.: 

-m.'ro  ,lan...- IHM.  iiU.is  ,..o.p..n,y,  wunid  d.J.,.M.im;4in 

'    '"•  "^■•'';/!"' '  ""•"•  '"^^^iHt'.i.n..    His  ,.„.mi,.s  l,i,|,..,lu  had 

'  ••""   "••""i.j,  w.as..   ,haa  wasf.  his  ri„...  ami  h.-alrh  am 
.srivnurh.  ami  d.lay   his  work.     Ir  uas  m.w  „,  I...  ih.Mr  p    • 
onow     ■;    ""•"^•"'""^  T';-"--  ^"  '-i-K  Lis  ,Tay   hails  i„ 
m 'imi,  V  ''         ^''''''"'  '"  '*'^'  '"i"""*''""*  ""  '''^  illiistiiuii.s 

Tim  a<-fiv.>  vi-ilara-P  and  <-onfinna!  tmxirtv  ..f  piiilit  .'v.-nf- 
f'«l  niDiiths  mnsi  lmv»  muai,Trpu.s..alim,st  a  mMvssiry.  Tli.Te 

'  Tocii-iii,.  ,111.1  I II. 

«'>>lllllllill«i;ilMll  New  W.illll 

n>2;y:;;::i:;::!:::;;:^.,''';:;:;i::;;:,;;;;,:'''', -  ^r: ^■"•" ' "■• '-  '- 

'  ""•  ^ • -' i. ':.:;;::  ::;;'r  ;w';: /:;:;::"■  ^ ■ ^ 

.:iiVi^::';::;;r;:;i  ;;:;:;:::;•;;;  ^:z.:::'rrr  i " ^^  • -  ^ ""■ 

Iv'In.    /V,M,r  K„h,/,t  s  .,  """'"'  '  '"  '"'""'  '"  ''•'  "l-'irr  fal,ri.:..i„i,  „r  Italian  „r 

rev..,.. ..,  ..I..  «„.,:  i::';:;::,;:;,:;':;,;:;:^^;;::;^;^:^:  "■■ ' "■'" ■ • 


gl  vimif<TfiPUF.n  int.fvnt'n 

m»H  In.l I  no  llni..  to  I for  w.iHt...l  yvum  Im.l  ina.lo  uH 

,h„t  ,„Mi„  y..t  .vmuin  of  iir..  v,.ry  p.v.-io„s.  •»;•• »«  7;»';'; 

that   ruliiiiil.iis  .11.1  mh.i.lly  n.iifmplafi'  u  llyiiiK  U>U  to 
Hntn...  t..  I..II  Willi  l.iH.mi.  Ii|-  III.'  st..iv  ..r  l.h  v'.yiiK"  to 
,1,..   Vlraiof  .I..^UH<Mi.ht.  to  whom.  Ill  tli.-  tniil.riil  Jm.Ik- 
,„,.nt  of  tli..s...liiys  tlu.  .Ihn.viy  of  n.-vv  iu.vh  uf  ni.ii  >mih 
„  nmtt.Tof  Mi..h-  vii»l  int.T..Ht  un<l  ki'<v.-  n.u.viii  iliun  .'vii 
,„  |,'..,,ii„„„.l  nii.l  halKlIn,  or  to  .lul...  II,     A  j..Miii.-v  from 
W.,„,..  I.,  ({."ii..!!.  t..Hn.  hiH  My.-,l  fulli.T.  I>..miiii.-.  ;^ll'•  ^>»^ 
VH  allv'.  vNoHl.l  Iiuv.-Immmi  in  tli.'  natural  .•"Uih..  of  tlilii«M. 
If  any  .u.-h  .l.-sl^n  ha.l  Ih.!,  f..iin.<l.  it  lia.l  i"  l»'  --I  '•-''•♦N 
,•„,  ,|„.  tlin'at.'i.lu-attitM.I.-..r  P.Miuyal  nia.h' .-v.-n  a  shoH 
.l..h,v    ..M^^i•^.■.     Kinu'    .l..!ni   II.,   alllio.mU   li-  Im.l    ih.I  i.io- 
|..Ht.:.l  <'..ltiii.la.s  >xh.  II   la-  ha.l  him  in  hi.  p-.w.-f,  «'•«<  r«illy 
.h.t.-nnin.Ml  t-.M.-nnv  f-.r  him.-lf  -..m.-  |M.ii...n  of  th.'  U  .•^t- 
..,„    W.al.l;   aa.l    it    s.-na-l   llU.-ly.  hy    ih.'  .vi"  H^  uhh-U 
,,.„.|„.,1   tia-C.aiil  ..r  SjMiM.  that  h.' w.a.hUnhv  th."  .lil.l.- 
,„,„i,.  .lilllruitv  l.vlittin-oiiti.n  .•xi..Mllti..u  \vilii..ut  tmih-r 
,.,.,vn,.,nv.     ci.luii.lMiH    was  th.-tvl"..!.-  .a.h-iv.l   to  pa^h   tli.. 
,„,,.,,„a.Va.s  r..r  a  s.-.-.a..!  voya-.'.     iMnfa-i  of  visiua.u'  his 
i-.„l„.r   h."  s..|it  an  i.lV.rti..iail.-  na-swin.'.  l-;rKiuK  at  th..  sana' 
,i„„.  ,!,.,(  his  l.i..ih  •!•  .laai.'s  lai^'ht  iKMill.nsnl  to  j..in  him  iii 
sinin      Th.'  v.Minir  man  a.Tor.lin;:ly  l-a^s.-d  sliaiKhl    li.aii 
'fl„.  W.M.I  .■.m.lM.r's  sla.p  t..  th.' Spanisli  Cant,  ami  li.'.-am.' 
Don  .laim's  (•..liimlais.      His  first    pahlh-  act   was  to  Htaii.l 
.n,.ilatiar  t.»  .aa'  of  tla-  In.lians.  who  ivn-lvnl  his  nam.'.     Hi 
H.is  ph.ns  w.aU  Kia^  l-'.-r.liaaa.l,  Priiav  .I..hii.  aial  tla-  lirst 
ii..l.lfman  of  Spain  wcr.' his  assofiutc's. 


it  niailo  nil 

It     it     HI'flllH 

mjX  vi>.it  {•» 
vuyii)<»»  to 

ihriii  ju»u« 

l.r  null  NMH 
»  tllUlk  I'Vlll 
lUilty  r»'»MI 
l\  win*    WIIH 

'  of  tliliiy;«*. 

«•   M«'t     ll«»l«lt'. 

\cM  II  ^ln•lt 
;ii|     lint    llto- 

I',  vvii"<  fully 
ill.'   Wr-^r- 

|il   itH     W  lli'll 

'  ilii-  ilipio- 
lldllt  flll'tll>-l' 

1(1    )illsll    tilt' 

vIsitiiiK  lii'^ 
:it  rli«'  m;ihh' 
I  join  liiiii  in 
in  lull  I  riuiu 
iiiid  liccaiiM' 
MIS  tn  stand 
is  tuinit'.  In 
iunl  tin-  lirst 


CHAPTKIl    V. 

TIIK  Tni.U,S  ADVKNTIu.M.  .SNI.  IIKUolMil  lU     IMi:  s.ruN,, 

VOY.M»K. 

A//iv  .1  f,o,r,,p>f  n,n,H,  u,'  Vnh,,„h„H~ih,  th,  on„u 
///'>/v  .1  s,,.n.,h  ,,r  I,,  Sun,hnl  Tin  ,„:.,„  s,  of  „l'. 
J'.u"     ^":;''":""/lf'f"'!f   h,suh„n-     h,i1h„ir„s:nlh 

Ion,.,-  lln,l      h,f,h„„/in»  „,„l  .\,h,„hnUH~Sh'h',nHH  »/• 

( ohnuh,,.s     r,,,,,arf,r    ,,/  n„„    lln.lhuh.,,,.,,      \m;„„„ 

F.T.Ii.lMM.|    .IM.I    IsMl...|la    i.sM...|  fh.-i,.   JMsf nU't i.il.M    f,,,     ,1... 

spcon.l  voyau...  nixl  ,.|„,v,|  (|„.  \\v\^^^  .„„  „,-  ,|„.  „,.,.f  ,,,^,,  j, 
•Mannp.MM.nt  or  In.li:,,,  nlfairs  .mmI.t  tli.  suiM.,inl..|,.I..|Mv  of 
;'"'"•  l{'>'l.;riK...'/  .I.  Fo.is.,,,.    A.rhd.'aron  of  S.-viii..    who 
'""»  til-  a.lniinisfrafion    In,-  tliiify  y.-ais.     Tli,.  ,.|,„i,v  u-.s 
v.'.y  iinl.Md.nat...     |.',,,n.is  IN,i..|o  was  ,„;„|,.  (n,,s,nvr,  ,ui.| 
.'••I'll  .l..s,.na  .•ompfroll..,-.     TIm-  A-lumai  uas  ,|inrt...|    to 
.;stal.  isin,  s,M,ilar,.lli,...iM  llispaainh,.     Fatl.,.,-  H.n.anl  Mu,| 
I'-'in  rh..  M..n.M|„.|i,„.  .Mon„st..ry  of  our  La.lv  of  .Munrs..,r,( 
nrj.iv.Ml  tl...  M:is.Hio„  U^  ..v«n^^..|i/..  fl„.  ,„.„  nations,  wi,|,   ,|„; 
asslsfan.v  of  f  wrl  v..  pHosts  oflii^  ,.u  „  rlinin. 

''''•<•  ai.,H.inl.nn.r  of  this  wo,  l.lly  M.in.h.l  na.nk  l.a.l  nof 
fl...  hlrssinK  <.f  ll.-av..n  upon  if,  ami.  ns  it  „.nv  s,.,.m,s  ,.. 
<nm,nr,:„t,u„f,u,„  Ii.,„r.  It  uas  appar-ntlv  a  c.lp.M.. 
"'•'■""•<"'  fl"'  I'-Mt  ..f  F.T.IIaami.  tl...  fn...  histofv  of  u  hi..|, 
n-vorran...  t..  Ii.|,t  ,i||  |s:.|.  wl,.-,.  tl...  ImI.o.s  o|'  Connt  .lo 
Ln,.;,„,s  ,iea.v.l  Ml.  tlu.  Hiatt.T.     The  st^Tility  of  th.-s..  ii,.st 

05 


m 


nruisTorinm  col v)mvf^. 


,„issiunan.s  to  th.- X.-  WoH.l  -  "^»  "  "^•"  '  '" 'H; 
K;,tl...r  P...n;.nl  l^-l.  tU.  H..n.Mlirt.n.s  wlm  w.nt  u  .  U 
,,,,,,,,,,,„s<.n^iss,.,ondvoyMP^   wnswHlkn..^^^^^^^^^ 

,n..ut  of  business.     KrnUnan.l  srnt  his  nan.r  to  Mm.',  pia 

t    rl...  simitual   int.ivsts  of   th.  ..x,....h..on   nn^ht 

W       1m    to    Lis    nuv.     Hut    tl..    Holy    Fatl...r    ku.nv 

L     olMnt,us  was  a..,.ly  atta.lHHl   to   tl...   l^'-;;;-;'-; 

s,M.nH   a   l-'ia.'iscan  l'\.tl..'r  of  tli-  san..-  nan,.;      NMnm  tie 
u      ;    i  .<l,  l..-a.in,.   th.'  ncl.ln.ss,    />/A.A;^//  .>. /^vvmM. 

1  ULannn   ny.is,  F.rainand   shmus   to  l'-'^"      -^  ^ 

1,,„    thr    llolv  Fatlw-  l.a<l    ma.l.'  a  J.ustalu;    and     l.at  .  1- 

..h  VMh^r  l^.ni.;a  /A.///  -ass.yl.-l  a  l-'r.ar  M.nor,  h. 

;n„srsu...ly  hv  tl.at   U.rnar.l  /y.yMor  v.l.on.  .■.l.'n.n  arpli- 

cation  had  bcfn  made.  ....  . . 

ThUino-  di.l  u..t  r..!  qu't.mtain  about  Ins  int.-.p.v  a- 
ti,      br.t  iT  ^vould  n,.v.M-  do  to  d.day  tlu'  d..pa.tu,v  <d   t   . 
..,,"  till  a  v.r:i{i,.ation  couUl  b.  procuivd  Iron.  Home.     He 
,,    ,Lv  i,..rsua.h.l  himself   th.t  1.'  ronld  with   sale  con- 
n<-e  take  th-.  benelit  of  the  doubt,  for  after  all  he  wa.  do- 
Urr   verv  little  violen.-e  to  the  .h.eun.ent  l>y  chanjimji-   the 
title  of  ihe  rev,  rend  lAuher,  and  in  those  days  it  e.M.h    not 
Iv  ve  ..yen  entered  liis  niin<l  to  eonsider  tlu>  dilVerent  spellint-' 
o'f  the  name,     Moreover,  it  surely  .lid  not  matter  mu.h  m. 
Muvase,  he  nd-^ht  e.sily  think,  whether  one  samt.y  Order 
;,.*Mnother  had  to  provide  a  Viem- Apostol..'.     Ib.v.n.u-  ihus 
f,„red  his  eonseie   -    to  a-i-e  wi.h  his  ineliiiation,  he  sup- 
im'ssed  the  Hub.      /  it  was  not  imi>os,sibh'  that  theo  o-ians 
luinh.  ntta.-h  m..r«  va.ue  to  what  the  I'ope  had  actually  said, 
tlnn,  to  what  the  KiMu'  tlu.u-ht  the  I'ope  had  intended  to  say. 
FMth,>r  H,oi!  the  Henedl,  tine  received  due  not.ee  <.l  tlf  ar- 
rival of  the  H.dl  conlirmia-  the  Kino's  nondnation,  but  the 
d...Miment  itself  was  retained  by  the  Kin-,  for  fear,  it  was 
f^taied   of  exi)Osin-  it    to  rny  unn  .-essary  risk,     bater   u 
vanished  alto-ether,  -.nd  is  r.ot  to  be  fouiul  in  the  collection 
of  diplomatic  papers  published  by  the  Spanisli  (iovernmeut. 


ciniisTopiii:ii  vol.  umuvs. 


OT 


Hilt  nut  \Nitll 
iiown  lit  tlif 
llt'iil  mann^'t!- 
.  Uoiiic,  i>i;iy- 
'(lilioii  luiiiht 
FiitluT  knew 
Fniiiciscans; 
appnintt'd,  it 
..  Wlu'U  tli« 
Hii>.  licrnardo 
li  (iidinls  ill 

llilVf     tlMMI,ullt 

iiiul  that  Ill- 
liar  Minoi-,  lie 
>')U'nm  iippli- 

his  intt'i pit'tii- 
partiiit'  (»f  tht> 
sill  Koine.      H<' 
Aitli    salV  con- 
■  ill!  Ik'  wa.-!  (lo- 
cliaiiiiiiiii'   tilt' 
ys  it  ('ould  not 
IVfivnt  sprllinti 
natter  niii;'h  in 
0  Naintiy  Order 
llavinii  \\\\\^ 
nali(»n,  lie  sii])- 
hat  theo'<»,yians 
d  actually  said, 
intended  to  say. 
^tiee  of  the  ai- 
ination,  b'lt  the 
for  i'ear,  it  was 
risk.     Later   it 
in  the  rolU'ction 
sh  (lovernnieut. 


A  tell-tale  ropy,  however,  has  lieen  faithfully  preserved  in 
the  ai'ehives  of  llu;  N'atiean.' 

The  lleet  for  this  expedition  was  made  up  of  .seventeen 
vessels- three  la r<,fe  eairacks  and  loiirleen  caravels,  (treat 
activity  was  displaye-d  in  furaishin,-.,',  ])rovisionin«r,  and  arni- 
iii.u-  tlu^  ships,  and  in  selectini--  siiitalde  ciews  from  the  cidwd 
of  voliintet'is  of  all  conditions  who  piessed  forward  to  de 
niand  admission.  It  is  easy  to  unchMstand  that  men  of  very 
various  character  would  ea;;vrly  desire  to  visit  distant  shores, 
so  lately  foiniin.ir  part  of  the  land  of  dreams,  and  suddenly 
transferred  to  wakiu*--  life.  Many  motives  w»'re  at  work. 
The  ainhitioiiM,  the  covetous,  the  curious,  the  restless  liecame 
conscious  of  ii  vocation,  for  a  short  wa>  had  been  found  to 
fame  and  fortune,  scieiitilic  research,  and  thrillin^^  adven- 
tiiie.  Vi'w  men  (;au  oi)en  a  new  lield  to  human  thou«-hf,  i„it 
many  can  im[»rove  a  lirst  success.  In  the  first  voya<>(!  Co- 
liimlms  stood  alone  in  his  conlidence.  In  the  second  voyage 
every  man  in  the  seventeen  shi])s  had  the  soul  of  a\lis- 
coverer. 

Columhus  stayed  in  Barcelona  till  the  2Stli  of  May,  re- 
ceivini--  continual  proofs  of  the  comi)lete  conlidence  which 
Isabella  placed  in  his  ju(l«iinent ;  and  the  solemn  instructions 
deliveivd  to  him  by  the  soverei«-ns  to  ^iiide  him  in  liis  oov- 
einment  of  the  colonies  weje  re.illy  nothin«;'  Imt  his  l>wn 
Niiijf/r.stlniis,  adai>ted  without  an  amendment  or  an  addition, 
and  ratified  by  royal  authority.  He  was  named  (;ai)tain- 
(teneral  of  the  fleet  of  the  Indies,  and  received  authority 
for  the  direct  appointmt>nr  of  all  the  olficei's  of  the  new  Gov- 
ernment. The  royal  seal  was  committed  to  him  to  be  used 
at  his  discretion,  and  the  articles  a;,need  upon  at  Santa  Fe 
were  solemnly  confii'med. 

The  Queen  showed  ^reat  solicitude  for  all  that  C(mcerned 
file  i)ei's(mal  comfort  of  the  A<lmiral  and  required  that  tlu! 
greatest  (h'ference  .should  be  paid  to  all  his  wishes.  She 
provided  p'nei'oiisly  for  his  expenses;  wheivver  he  went, 
lie  v.as  to  have  fVee  lodoin-r.s  for  himself  nnd  five  .ser- 
vants, and  free   transixut   for    his  ba<i'^af;e,     F(»nseca  and 


'  ThroiiBli  the  rescufchis  of  Coiitit  de  Lorgiios  tliix  doiiimont  was  b'oiiglit  to  light  in  1(«|. 


cumsTOPiiER  rni.iMnrs. 

Son.  thou,l.t  tlu.  (iu,...n  ^vuM  ,<.h..  u  lit.l,.  too  far  j.ul  tl.oy 

Lm.I;  of  Coiun.l.us  with  runt.n.pt.     l-Ulu-r  1...1,  ul  o  x  .  s 
,  s  tinu.  a  sin.viv  a.l.nhvr  of  tl..  -.vut  .n;.n.  nv.oI.  to  tlu 

..  ,..n   J„a,.  <1.  Soria,  with  r.vsh  ;'-trudM>ns    o.     o     . 
'P  u.v  iiHVPi-  f..r.--ave('olmul.us.  and  Woiiscca  had  .nil*   op 

;j;:^.:u;  to  inaiu.  him  wi  th.wuu  ..ight  ^^^ 

""'iHrhl'  t)..  A.ln.ifars  stay  in  Ha.r.hma  tl.o  ,..1/..  for  th. 
ti,;J  St  or  land  was  adjud^.d  to  Idn.,  lun-auso  ho  hud 
descried  tlirniovinu  liiiht  upon  tht«  shore, 
t  i:'lll  was  earemi  to  provide  Father  H<.  and  »- ^'j;;  I'  - 
with  all  things  needful  for  the  eth.^etit  ^l'-  ';;'>;' .;:;,,^^ 
ored  duties;  and  she  repeatedly  .-ointnended  he.  '»''•"  «''':'^ 
to  the  protJc-tion  o(  Colund.us.  <.rderin^^  h.m  to  punish  uith 
severity  anv  Spaniards  who  should  injure  them. 

Vl  e  ecuipn.ent  of  the  lleet,  utuler  the  a.-tive  en.'oura.ue- 
.^In^rih^Queen,  was  eoneeived  in  a  |-;;-I^-!;-; V^:; 
ried  out  vi-orouslv.  The  event  pn.ve.l  that  So  u  ^^.  ^  not^ 
^.:  Ihe  ^.ptation  of  ptotitin,  hy  f--l>'  ';";:;"  ^X 
-Ph,.  outlit  in.'lude<l  domestic  a.unrals  ao-netdtu  al  n  t- 
,„ents  .^r  in,  lime,  bricks,  iron,  and  a  lar-e  supply  ol  ^lass 

;  ;::tmr'Hors;s,  destmed  to  piay  an  i";i-;;-M;;;;;; 

the  Spanish  conquest  of  Anuniea,  were  ••;«^'«^"11>  ^  '  ;;^: 
numitions  of  war  were,  of  course,  not  forgotten.  1  h  ... qut 
"was  not  yet  a  very  etlieient  weapon,  lu.t  tl-'^-'.o- 
],„ws  a...l  lanVes  were  conside.vd  more  real  y  usel.il,  hi  - 
;;;:::  ami  artmery,  so  well  c-alculated  to  stnke  terror  u.to 
savases,  could  not  be  onunitted. 

The  n.nnber  of  men  was  at  li.st  lixed  at  one  thousaml       t 
nn  exteitsion  to  the  number  of  twelve  hund.e<l  was  i.e..ni  - 

^^^^It  the  last  n.on.ent  about  three  ^^^^^^:;Z 
trived  to  stow  themselves  away  out  of  s.fiUt,  m)  that  alumt 

-  — -  hilt  of  dc-i)i(iil>lo  elinraclcr-vimllrntive 

.  F,.n«.ca  .a.  ..  .-o,„.  .y.r^  it?!':  :,        Si  "    ..l^^-norl. ,.. y  o.>-  ...an  ...  ..r,.. 

ami  mali-natit  ...  an  .xtrnnr  .li-nr.   II.     ...ir  .>.......  i  \morica.   Tnif  l.i^^t-.ry 

,ho  l...arf  an.l  .■ml.i.t.T  th.-  .l...li..i..U'  y-ar.  of  .1h'  .lla^.n.v..  .l,^c..^cr.  r  ...  A.ncr. 
1ms  1101  faiU'il  t»  bruiiil  lii*  naiiif  « ilU  tl..'  M.ynia  <>.  >.'"'..»  ■ 


cintrsrorrwR  mr.  I'.vnrs. 


00 


ir,  niiH  tlicy 
i>  of  tin-  (l<'- 
oil.  wlio  wiis 
\vntt«'  to  tilt' 
f  ifpriniaiid 
I'di'  Foiisi'ca. 
(I  anipU'  op- 
o£   his  vcu- 

])ii/('  Tor  tlio 
iiuse  he  hiul 

,  his  brethren 

;•('  of  tlieil'  sil- 

(h'ar  liitlians 
1  punish  with 

1. 

:t>  (>nt'()iM"ij:;e- 
.irit,  ami  cav- 
^oria  was  not 
ent  eontracts. 
Itnral   iniple- 
i])|»ly  of  ^liiss 
iitant  i»art  in 
iiUy  sehrted, 
I.     The  aiiiue- 
thoiiuli  eioss- 
y  useful,   liie- 
ke  tenor  into 

tlu»usan<l,  1>ut 
•d  was  ]»erniir.- 
Ired  more  eon- 

iso  that  about 

•  clmraclcr— vimllcntive 
liny  olhcT  man  t<>  lin-nk 
Amoricii.   True  history 


firte(>n  liundri'd  eventually  sailed.     Ciire  had  l)ecn  taken  to 
f(»rin  an  active  corps  of  «'ri.uin('ers  and  artisans. 

Theif  is  reason  to  think  thai  another  pri.'si,  not  included 
in  Father  HoiTs  c(unpany  of  twelve,  was  sent  out  by  the 
Queen,  as  her  astronomer  royal :  and  (!iis  was  no  less  a  niiiii 
tlian  Father  John  Perez,  (,'uardian  of  liU  l^d>ida.  Count 
de  J,ori;ues  makes  it  appear  very  piobidtle  that  here  tliere 
has  been  some  coidusion  (»f  names,  mid  that  Father  INmcz 
n(>t  only  n<'comi»anied  ('(»Iumbiis  on  his  second  voya«;e,  but 
also  was,  as  he  deserv(;d  to  be,  the  first  priest  win")  set  foot 
in  the  New  \V(»rld.' 

Twenty  days  before  the  departure  of  the  expedition,  Isa- 
bella setit  back  to  Columbus  that  nnndi  re^nctted  journal 
which  Ijas  Casas  was  content  to  epitonnze.  She  said  that 
she  had  read  it  through  and  thi'ou,i,di,  and  with  ever-increas- 
inu' admiration;  she  asked  for  further  instruction  upon  sev- 
eial  i)(»ints;  she  begged  hi,n  to  send  her  a  maj.  with  the 
degrees  marked,  jtrondsing  to  keep  it  secret,  if  he  so  desired. 
Finally,  she  advised  him  to  take  with  him  a  skillful  astron- 
omer, and,  with  that  thoughtful  kindness  which  was  a  part 
of  herself,  she  ns  usual  tiied  to  interpret  his  wisiies,  aiul 
convert  them  into  royal  decrees. 

(.'olundnis  named  his  ship  once  more  after  our  Blessed 
Lady.  The  M((ri(((i(iJ(tii(a'  had  on  boai'd  the  Court  phy- 
sician,  Dr.  Chanca,  a  learned  man,  wliose  letters  are  very 
valuable,  and  Antlumy  (Jasaus,  the  father  of  Las  Casas,  who 
has  been  liy  some  writers  confounded  with  his  illustrious 
son.  The  "  Fiiend  of  the  Indians  was  then  a  student  at 
Seville.  Among  the  i>assengers  were  nmny  young  gentle- 
men, who  thought  it  a  tine  thing  to  join  in  an  adventurous 
search  for  gold,  but  never  meant  to  soil  their  dainty  hands 
by  manly  toil.  Firnnn  Zedo,  the  worker  in  metal,  had 
gainedby  much  boastinga  high  reputaticm  for  scientilic skill, 
but  in  the  event  it  appeared  tliat  he  was  as  ignorant  as  he  was 
ccmceited.     The  brother  of   the  .^dn.jral,   Don  James  Co- 


'  ficorjc  fnr(Io-.o.  In  the  Pnrliiqiifw  f/iu/inifmp/i'j.  snys  (hut  FiUhor  Pore/,  was  the  fir/:/  priest 
who  .iiiKl.Ml  III  the  New  World,  mid  Un-JiiM  who  Kuid  Mas'!!  Ihcrc-ZViMfiC  A'nigkt,  S.  J. 
'  'J'/it  Oiudous  Mury. 


I 


^„„  CimiSTOPlIEli  COLVMUi'S. 

l.unl.UH  and  his  K<'<lH(.n   wero  also  «...  Imnnl   Hi.'   .V''/•'V^ 

'' On"tlu'  -J.-.tli  of  Sq,t.'nib.'r,  14'.):?,  tl..'  il.vr  srt  sail.  Httji-in^' 
f„r  tlu.  Canaries.  After  taldn-  iti  lar-.-  supplL's  ot  live 
stock,  alrea.lv  partially  a.rlin.ati/.Ml.  Culun.l.Ms  -ave  t..  all 
tli.>  .....tains  ..f  tli..<.Mav..ls  seale.l  ..rders,  ulmi  were  unly 
U,  i„.  ;,,u.„,..l  in  .-ase  <.f  neo-ssity,  and  ih.-n  lix.-.  his  n.nrse 
fnrtli."rs..ntli  than  .m  th.^  previous  v..ya-.'.  lie  wished  t.. 
li.rht  up.)n  the  lan.l  ..f  th.-  re.l..uhte,l  Can.  tribes  whom 
thellispanicla  In.lians  had  with  ..m;  a.ror.l  plaeed  to  th.3 
south-.'ast  of  th.'ir  ..wn  islan.l. 

On  th.'  i:Uli  of  ()<-tol.er,  th.'  Spanish  n.'.'t  lost  si-ht  of  th.^ 
island  of  Ferro.  Th.>  voyn^^e  was  most  pr<.sp..roiis,  with  a 
fair  l.r.H«/e  alm..st  all  th.'  way.  On  tin-  '.M  ..t  November, 
the  sio„s  .,f  laml  ma.le  it  prn.lent  t..  advance  cautiuusly 
after  ni'-htfall.  an-l  with  the  lirst  li;;ht  <m  the  r..ll..win-.-  day, 
a  m..mitainous  island  was  seen.  Th '  Admiral  f-^ve  it 
the  name  of  Do,„i„mu  fn.m  havin-  discov.'ied  it  ..n  Snn- 
,lj,y.  On  their  way,  another  island  appeared  to  the  rif^ht, 
and  received  th.'  nam.'  of  Miiri<i-(l<thuitii: 

The    iirst    lan.lin^-    was    elV.'cte.l,    and    the    iirst    cross 
planted  on  this  island. 

Oth.'r  islamls  lav  n.'ar,  and  they  visited  th.-  next  day  tho 
lar..-est  of  the  ur„up,  to  which  Colnml.iis  -ave  the  name  of 
Hiuita  Maria  ffr  (,'>n,f/ah>ipr/  a.ronlin-  to  his  pr..mise  b.v 
fore  mentioned.  H.-re  they  f..nnd  some  women  and  chi- 
dren.  and  many  divadful  ivlics  of  cannibalism.  At  that 
very  time  the  men  .»f  the  island  were  en«iajied  in  procnrin<? 
captives  for   their  horrible   bampiets.'     There  is,  unfoi-tu- 

"7^1- worth  ....tlclnir.  «.ys  FatluT  Kniu'l.t.  S..I..  thiK  C.lnn.l.us  nl..,.rv..,l  tli.-  H«n..>  onlor  in 
cmf.Trin.  .mn,..s  „„  l.„lh  -  ov„.,...     Hi.  .Irvnlm,,  t.,  tl,.  Itl.s-..,!  Vir.Mn  «,.s  "nl-m     m,   «v  1 
rr;.'nlat,,l.    In  Ix.lli  iii-lunc.s,  tli"  rf,,^  tril.iiti'  of  .liMoviry  was  olTinMl  to  J.sH«  Clin>l-in 
feaiiKl  to  his  IIIosmmI  MotlitT. 

■i'l-othi-  island,  that  was  .allod  by  th.-  liwlians  TnniL-n.ir..  tl.r  AdmirMl  iravo  the  tiainp  of 
OiiailaloniH..  haviii- iToK'isf.l  the  mimk-.  of  our  I.a.ly  of  (iua.lalou|H' to  call  some  iK'wlya.scov- 
cTPd  I'lac'  nft'T  ''"'"'  Conviiit.— /ni/if/. 
It  \\u:>  here  that  thr  Spiuiinrds  Iirst  iii.'t  with  that  (luci-ii  of  friiits-thc  ,,in:-uyi<l<: 
5  What  struck  tlic  Spaniards  with  horror  was  the  si-ht  of  hu.i-nn  hon.'s,  v..sll«<».  3«  thoy  Mip- 
po^odof  unnatural  r..,n.sls;  and  Kknils  apparently  ushI  as  vas.s  and  ot  ..r  housohoM  urns, Is 
These  dismal  objeets  eonvinoc'd  them  that  they  were  now  ,„  -he  abodes  of  the  Canniba  s.  or 
Carib.    whose  preUutory  fxpcditious  uud  rulhlw8  character  reudereU  thvm  tlie  terror  of  thc^o 


the   Maria- 

uil.  .sttHT'm^' 
dlfs  of  liv<^ 

uiivc    to    illl 

li  urn'  only 
I  his  courst^ 
W  wislu'd  to 
lilx's,  wlioiii 
laced  to  the 

Hi;;ht  of  tlio 
rolls,  with  a 
f  Novt'iiilu'r, 
('  cautiously 
ilio\viu,n'  ihiy, 
iral  guvH  it 
I  it  on  Sun- 
to  the  right, 

J    first    cross 

next  (lay  tho 
tlu^  name  of 
I  promise,  be- 
len  and  chil- 
M\\.  At  that 
I  in  procurin<? 
}  is,  unfortu- 


I'd  tlio  finnii"  ordor  !n 

I  wiiH  iinlciil.  lull  \\A\ 

to  Jisiis  C'lirisI— 111 

in)  ixiivp  tlic  iiainp  of 
all  soiiu'  iii'Hly-ilifCOV- 

I.-  -unillt'. 

,  vcsl  !>;(>.  an  tlioy  fiip- 
(T  hoiwliold  lllcMsllM. 
M  of  the  Caiinlbalfi,  or 
will  tUu  terror  of  tliL'se 


ciiuisropiiFU  co/.LMnin. 


IMI 


nntely,  little  renson  to  doulit  tliaf  the  nccotint  jrtven  Tiy  the 
lirsl  Kiiro|if'an  visitors  is  true  in  its  main  features,  Kvcu  the 
deliherate  infamy  of  r«'serviri,',M'hirdri-n  for  future  shiuuliter, 
and  i>rei»aring  them  carefully  till  th.-y  reached  a  certain  aj^e 
.seems  to  have  lii'cn  an  estahlished  pi'aeticc  anioiiu'  those 
loathsome  canniltals  \vlio.|iavini,Mlciiopnlatfd  the  nearest  isl- 
ands, extended  their  rava.nfs  to  more  distant  shores.  The- 
ories of  autonomy  are  much  (listuil»e(l  hy  facts  like  these, 
.lust  or  unjust,  it  woidd  at  least  havelteeii  mercifid.  n(»t  oidy 
to  their  victims,  hnt  likewise  to  themselves,  to  subjugate  or 
even  to  enslave  such  a  trilie. 

(Juadaloiipe  was  the  very  <'entre  of  tlie  Carih  settlement; 
.so  that  t'olumhus  had  made  his  cah-nlations  well.  Without 
a  chan,L!:e  of  course,  or  a  moment's  hesitation,  he  had  steered 
Kfrai^ht  across  the  Atlantic  t(»  I  he  object  ol  his  search,  lie 
sent  explorin.y  parties  into  the  ishnul.  One  (tf  his  captains, 
James  Mar(|ue/„  landiiiLT  without  the  .Vdmiial's  permissi(»n, 
set  oir  with  ei;,dit  of  his  men  on  a  t(»ur  of  insiteciioii  and  lost 
his  way  in  the  tan;;led  foivst.  Columbus  sent  the  very  biave 
and  justly  renowned  Alon/o  de  ()je(hi  to  try  to  tind  the  niis- 
siuiij  men;  but  all  his  ell'ort.s  were  unavailin^^  The  thou<-ht 
of  leavinir  them  in  (Tua(laIou|»e  to  the  mercy  of  the  canuibals 
<'ould  scarcM'ly  be  endurt'd.  but  the  lenulh  of  time  which  had 
elapsed  since*  their  disa])|»earance,  and  the  failure  of  Ojeda's 
.skillful  and  daring'  i>ursuit,  convinced  Columbus  that  lie 
must  submit  to  the  sad  necessity. 

Just  as  the  shijis,  Intwevei-.  wei'e  weiiihini;  anchoi-,  the  ]K)or 
wanderers,  starved  and  exhausted,  stiuu'uled  to  the  sh(»i'e. 
Some  Indian  women,  who  had  been  captuied  by  the  Caribs, 
also  e.scajxHl  to  the  Si)anish  ships.  The  Carib  wonu-n  we-re 
as  fci'ocious,  and  almost  as  expei't  in  war  as  the  men,  and 
they  were  (piite  ablo  to  defend  the  island  a;u:ainst  any  ordi- 
nary intrndei-s.  As  the  wonderful  stories  of  Cathay  had  a 
veryj^ood  f<mndation  in  the  realities  of  the  Celestiid  Kmjjire, 
so  the  re?j-  ancient  belief  in  a  nation  of  amazon.s    had  a 

wn*.  .  .Aivfiii  HiglitM  met  tliiMii  In  scvcnil  ^illlli.'^^'.  Huniiin  limlis'wcrc  siispnidccl  lo  the  linimsof 
Illl'  lioiiHOH.  an  If  ciirtiii;  for  provision!'.  Tiu'  li('a<l  of  a  .voiiiic  miui  ri'Oi'iitly  killrd,  wum  yi't  lilccd. 
in;; ;  notni'  |)art>«  of  Ids  body  ivoro  roa.»tliij;  bi'fori;  llie  llru,  otlii;rs  boiling  with  lilt  Hfsli  of  gocse 
ond  luirrots.— /ni/fflr. 


lo-i 


CJIlll'<T'>rilKlt  COLi'MIiUS. 


Hfniiiffo  irnli/ati(.n  in  tin-  \vuin.'n\viirH.»rM  of  tlifsp  ciuinilial 
isliiM<Ts.  \vli(»  For  sc.int'  (•(MisidcniM*'  ixtitioii  of  t'lU'li  yar  vv»'i«' 
h'l'l  in  sole  posst'ssioii. 

Lciivin^-CiniKliilniip.',  ('«.Iunil>us  sailed  to  the  nortli-wst, 
r,,r  llispimiolii,  an.las  h.'  passi-d  Lrtw.'.-ii  fli.-  (Idrlvlvcius- 
t.'ivd  i^iiiiids,  lit'  found  pious  names  for  llifin,  one  l>y  one, 
till  iiec:inie  toa -roup  s<»  niidlitudinous  liiaf,  witiiouf  tlie 
aid  of  St.  rrsulu  and  her  eleven  thousand  vir;iin  niaityrs, 
Hven  his  inventive  jxeiiins  iniylit  liave  l»een  at  fault.  At 
i'^/nif'/  Cni::  a  l)o:itfid  of  ('aril*  men  and  women  ^ave  siunal 
proof  of  the  lieire  eouia-e  of  lliiit  strange  p.M.ple.  When 
their  boat  was  upset  by  tiie  Stmniards,  the  savaj^es  fou.^ht  in 
tlie  water;  and  if,  in'tlieir  lli;:ht,  they  found  a  moiiienfs 
rest  for  their  feet  upon  some  hidden  ledp-,  they  ndlied,  and 
poured  in  a  shower  of  arrows  upon  their  pursuers. 

Continuini''   his  course  the  Adndral  eaiue  on  the  i?-.M  of 

November  to  llispani(.la.     "By  tlie  jiia f  (<(»<l,"  wrol"' 

the  h'arned  Doctor  Chanca,  "and  the  sci(«nce  (.f  the  Ad- 
miral, we  steered  as  slrai-hl  as  if  we  luid  been  followimj,'  a 
well  known  and  beaten  track."  In  his  anxiety  to  see  oncn 
more  the  little  ((.lony  at  l/.i  Navidad.  Columbus  had  allowed 
himself  oidy  two  day's  on  tht>  island  of  l*(.rto  Uico,  which  well 
deserved  a' lou-vr  stay;  and  now  that  the  much  expected 
m.'etin.i;-  was  close  at  hand,  a  thrill  of  excitement  ran  thnui^h 
the  lleet.  At  the  ^ulf  of  Samana,  where  the  unfortunate^ 
skiiinish  with  the  natives,  which  formed  the  closini-- scene  of 
the  first  voyaue.  had  taken  place,  ('olumi)us  put  on  shore 
oue  of  rhe  two  youny-  Indians,  who  had  returned  fiom  Spain. 
lie  was  never  heard  of  ajiain.  The  other.  .lames  ("olumbu.s.' 
wh(.  was  a  nativ«!  of   San   Salvador,  remained  faithful  to 

the  end. 

Near  the  mouth  of  the  Kio  del  Oro  an  exploring'  party 
found  two  bodies  with  the  arms  fastened  in  the  form  of  a 
cross,  Imt  their  iiati(mality  was  no  longer  distin.uuishable; 
the  next  day,  not  far  from  the  same  place,  they  saw  two 


'  aoly  Criisu. 

1  Or  DicLM)  ( '(.Ion.    .\»  will  bu  romombcriMl,  he  was  naini'a  aftiT  tliu  Admiriira  brollRT.wlio  wan 

hU  LMKlrUlllt-T, 


•s(>  ('jmnil'Ml 
I'll  .v«'ar  v>rio 

ncirtlj-wcst. 
tliickiv  cliis- 

(iiit>  l>y  oiH', 
witlioiif  tln' 
niii  iiinrtyrs, 
It   I'aiilt.     At 

I  ;iiivr  siii'Ilill 
)\)\r.      Wllt'U 

i»'s  roiii^iit  ill 

U   lliniiit'llt's 

-  nilli*'(l.  ami 

'I'S. 

II  I  ho  S'i.l  of 

(i(m1,"  Wl'oto 
>  (.!'  the  A(l- 
i  fdlluwiiii!,'  a 
y  to  stM'  olico 
<  had  allowed 
'(),  wliicli  wt'll 
icli  cxiit'ctcd 
t  ran  tliroujili 
■  uni'oifiinaf'' 

•  Sillii"  SCt'llC    of 

]>iit  on  slioii^ 
li  Troni  Spain. 
'S  ('ullllliblis,' 
d  laitlifnl  to 

|)loi'in;j:  party 
lie  form  of  ii 
>tin,i;nisliaM»'; 
hey  saw  two 

ral's  brollRT.wlio  wan 


t'iiiiisTni'!n:n  loi.iMin's. 


\m 


Ttif»ro  di'tid  Iiodics.  rcrtainly  KiiiopcMii.  (ilo(»my  Miispi<'ions 
w.'iv  ai(.ii><tM|.  'I'll.,  sliips  pr.'SM'd  fuiw.ird  in  all  linst.'.  hut 
it  \\as.|iiiti.  dark  wli.'ii  they  aiiiv.-d  oir  \y.\  Niividjid.  To 
k.'.'p  v\v;\v  (.f  the  dan;ivroiis  .slionls.  (he  ships  wi'iv  aiirjioivd 
at  Nome  distaiict' fiuiii  thn  shoiv.  No  li^ht  w:i,s  h.».||.  (',,. 
Iiiml.iis  tjivd  oM'fwcM.f  fhr  lirjivii'sf  Miin.s,  l.iii,  thoiij^h  tlu'iv- 
iM.rt  <-«li.ifd  fjiiiiluii.u-  Ih.'  .sIk.ic,  ii<»  nnswcr  w:ih  ivfiniifd. 

Towards  niidniuhf  a  <'iiiio('  rana'  alonu'sidi'  with  tw.»  Indi- 
ans iiupiiriiii;  forth.'  Admiral.  Tlioy  wnv  diiv.-tcd  t..  his 
ship,  l)ii;  wciild  not  ■••<»  ..n  iM.jird  till  I'hcy  liad  idmiili.Ml  him 
by  th.'  liuht  of  !i  himp.  Th..y  Nii.j  th:it  Ih.'  Spjniish  s.ith'rs 
^••r.'  w.-ll,  and  l»y  w:iy  of  c.Milirmiilinn  imm.di.-iPly  add.-.l 
that  s..in.' ha<l  di.'.l  IV<,indis.':is.',  iind  som.' had  Im'.'m  killed 
in  their  IV.'.iii.-nf  .pi;irrels  jiniomr  th.'inselves.  .-nid  <ithi'rs|iad 
Moiie  to  live  in  a  <listaiit  j.art  (.f  the  ishiiid.  They  mIso  said 
th.it  (".'loiialio  iind  another  .iiei.pu'  had  m;id.>  u.ir  .m  the 
friend  of  ('oIihiiImis,  (iiiacana,iiari,  and  had  I.iirnt  his  vilhiue 
and  wound. •<!  himself.  A  littl.- Inter,  when  llu' wine  whirii 
they  had  drunk  made  them  h-ss  prii.lent,  th.-y  inlorimd  (h.. 
yoiiM,-'  Iii<lian.,l:imes('<,!iiml.iis,  that  all  th.'  little  coloiiv  had 
l>e..|i  (lestroy»'d;  hut  this  was  too  drejidfnl  t<.  h.'  h.'lieve.l, 
and  the  diir.'reiice  of  dinlects  was  siippos.'d  to  have  ciiiised 
some  misiippi'eh.'iision  of  meiininir. 

The  next  day  showed  that  the  story  tnix  ,,„J n  (i>i.  fn„: 
Coliimhiis  waited  for  a  visit  from  (Jiiaeanauari,  whi<'h  the 
Indians  Imd  promised  in  liis  Diinie,  hut  he  did  not  eome.  A 
meljineholy  silence  ivin-nrd  over  the  place,  so  full  of  life  a 
few  months  heff.re.  The  rortiess  was  a  hhickeiied  ruin,  lit- 
tered with  remnants  of  furniture  iind  hroken  vess.-ls.  The 
Indian  vill;i,i«e  closp  hy  had  also  heen  hiirnt,  from  which  it 
seemed  that  at  least  the  Indians  of  tin;  neiVliJiorhood  luid 
iKit  heen  treai'lieroiis. 

(iiiacanaiijari  was  discovered  in  a  villii,ue  down  the  coast, 
conlined  to  his  hammock  hy  a  wound  in  his  h'<r,  and  he  sent 
to  he-:  that  Coliimhus  miiilit  i)ay  him  a  visit.  The  visit  was 
made  with  all  ])ossihl)>  pjirade  of  powef  and  ma^iiiilicence. 
Tlu>  wounded  cacique  <iave  a  detailed  account  of  Cacmaho's 
attack,  wliich  exactly  tallied  with  the  Information  i-athered 


I 


101 


vNiiisronih'u  voiAMnva. 


fmrn  Mtlicr  sources ;  Itiit,  wlii'ti  CnlimiltiiM  mndc  Mm  siiltnift 
liis  wuiiinl  to  nii'iliciil  iiiNpfriitiii,  in>  tract-  of  any  injury 
a]i|M-iiit><|. 

Suspicion  wiiM  at  once  at'oiiscd.  FatliiT  Hnil  dctnainlcil 
that  tiic  pcrlidioiis  cliicf  should  lif  ptinislicd  on  tlic  spot.  Co- 
iuinltus  was  unwilling'  to  iH-licvc  Ids  jiiiill,  hut  out  of  irspcct 
to  the  sacii'd  cliaiacicr  of  his  couns<'Iloi-,  he  liascd  his  re- 
fusal to  proceed  to  extrendlies  upon  the  nei'cssity  of  con- 
ciliatiiiL;'  the  Indians;  and,  us  his  ollicers  for  the  most  part 
a;iieed  with  hiin,  l-'alher  Hoil  had  to  accept  the  affront  with 
till'  Ix'st  ^lace  he  could. 

It  would  iiave  Id'cn  small  matter  for  Jistoinshment  if  the 
l)oor  cacique  had  indeed  cast  oif  his  S|ianish  allies  on  the 
Jll'st  ^dod  chaiu'e,  for  his  lidelity  had  l)een  rudely  testeil. 
lrviii,L!:, following;  Oviedo, states,  that  except  the  ctuumander, 
.lames  de  Arafia,  and  <»ne  uv  two  others,  the  thirty-eiuht  col- 
onists were  men  wluun  it  was  the  lieijiiit  c)f  fi>lly  to  leave  in 
any  responsihie  position,  for  that  they  were  nearly  all  of  the 
very  htwest  class,  and  for  the  most  ]tait  common  sailors, 
who  can  never  he  trusted  to  conduct  tlH'iuselves  with  discre- 
tion ashore.  This  is  not  the  fa<'t.  About  half  (»f  the  nuin- 
her  were  either  ;,'entiemen  or  master-tradesmen,  and  it  mi;;ht 
have  been  i»resnmed  that  f<»r  a  few  months,  in  so  ex- 
ceptional a  position,  all  would  he  on  their  best  behavior. 
If  they  had  adhered  to  oidy  ii  small  jtortioii  of  the  wise  in- 
.stniction  left  by  Coluu'bus,  they  miuht  have  been  found 
alive  on  his  refnin. 

15y  the  Indian  account,  in  which  theie  was  no  coidlictin^i; 
testimony,  the  Kina  was  scarcely  out  of  si<;ht  when  the  ^I'l'- 
ri.son  of  tin*  fort  be^xan  to  do  very  much  as  tliey  liked. 
They  had  found  the  Indians  of  Ilispaniola  so  yielding  and 
apparently  so  helpless  that  they  probably  thoujiht  them- 
selves (juito  free  from  present  apprehension,  and  fancied 
tliat  it  would  be  tinu^  enough  for  submitting  to  unpleasant 
constraint,  when  some  real  danpT  should  aris»».  Tliey 
roamed  about  the  countiy  in  })arties  of  two  and  three  to- 
gether, extorting?  j^old  fnmi  the  natives^oft»'n  with  violence, 
carrying  off  women,  and  by  their  incessant  wrangling  and 


(•musTopiiHu  cof.i'vnin. 


UC> 


'  ]\hn  siiliriilt 
f  any  injury 

il  (I«'tnnii<l<il 

iK'Spnt.     ('ti- 
nt  Ol"  ICSpt'Ct 

lilsrd    lii.H   ic- 

ssitv  of  ('(in- 
ic  most  piiit 

'  iiiri'otit  u  itii 

liincnt  ir  t)n> 
allies  on  till* 
idcly   tested. 
coininander, 
I'ty-eiulit  eol- 
y  to  leave  in 
riy  all  oC  the 
inion  sail(»i's, 
4  with  discie- 
ol'  the  iintn- 
and  it  ini;.;hr 
s,    in    so   e\- 
I'st  liehavior. 
the  wise  in- 
been   I'oiind 

lo  coidlictin^' 
viien  the  ^ar- 
1  tlu'V  liUed. 
yieldin*;  and 
onjiht  thein- 
and  fancied 
(»  nnpleasant 
arise.  Tliey 
ind  three  to- 
il th  violence, 
rankling  and 


shatnefnl  licetitioiisness  dulrnj  their  Lest  to  itrovo  flint  lliev 
were  noi  celestials,  and  thns  (,.  destroy  that  .HUi.erMtltl..ii*s 
revt'retii'f  whjcli  had  heen  their  chief  security. 

Arafia's  anthority  uas  set  at  deliance.  jlis  lienfeiiaiifs, 
<.'nlierre/.  and  Kscol.ed,,.  aspiivd  to  share  his  roniuiaiid.  and,' 
havin-'  killed  a  Spaniard  in  sdm,.  ,pi,irr(l.  fli..y  i.,ok  ih.*  \nw 
into  their  own  i.ands,  and  marched  auay  with  idne  uuAmu. 
tents  and  their  Imlian  Avives  into  tlie  nionntains,  \\\uw 
CaonaLo,  a  Carili  l.y  orluin,  sh'W  them  all  at  omc.  Others 
live.l  at  loose  (piarters  ainonu'  (inacaiia^aii's  Indians, 
screened  l.y  his  ant liority  from  the  pnnishtnent  which  ilieir 
.sins  deserved.  Finally  Caonal.o.  havin/--  Ih.shed  his  swor.l 
and  found  the  itivaders  not  invnIneraMe.  came  down  fi..ni 
his  hills,  hiirnt  the  Indian  villauv.  and  sto  rued  the  fort, 
killin.n-  the  hrave  .lames  iU>  Arana  and  his  remnant  of  teil 
faithful  men. 

(ina(ana^'url  retnrm'd  the  visit,  pijn^r  „n  hoard  the  Ad- 
miraTs  ship.  Here,  nnforlnnately.  om>  of  the  Indian  wn- 
men,  who  had  lied  fn.m  the  Carihs  and  had  l.een  detained 
for  instnicth.n  and  baptism,  so  captivated  bv  her  beauty 
the  .snscej.tible  heart  of  the  caci(pie.  that  he' chivalrously 

deternnned  to  f hei' and  her  companions  and  to  brave  th'c 

conse.pi.'nces.  ||e  saw  that  he  was  n<>  longer  trusted  bv  tli<> 
Spaniards,  and  all  the  studied  kindness  of  Cnlnmbns  ("•ould 
not  make  liim  feel  at  his  ease,  especially  now  that  he  was 
actually  scheming-  tlie  liberation  of  Catalina  and  her  friends. 
Father  Moil  read  disalfectittn  in  the  chiefs  hioks.  and  was 
(•(.idirmedin  his  convicti(.n  thai  this  was  the  real  murderer 
of  Arana. 

When  a  few  days  later  the  Fndian  wdnien  eflected  their 
oscai)e  and  (inacanauaii  and  all  his  subjects  disjippcined 
from  the  coast,  Father  Moil  was  triumphant.  Subvccpicntlv 
thecaci(iue  ^Mve  incontestable  proofs  of  his  friendship  ulr 
('olund)us.  and  he  died  in  ob.scurity,  hated  by  the  Indians 
of  other  tribes  for  havin-r  welcomed  and  jiiotected  their 
destroyers,  ('..lumbus  spoke  to  him  of  .lesus  Christ  and 
IJaptism,  bnt  ahis!  lie  had  seen  more  than  enouiih  of  what 
Christianity  meant,  at  lea.st  in  practice,  and  ho   di.stinctly 


inn 


vni:isri>nih:i!  roi.i  wiics 


,vfiis,Ml  to  w...,r  M  im.mIuI  of  our  I>i.-hm..I  L.-ly  rnmul  T.  •»  n^'O^, 
lliuMul.nt  Insf.  ti|...n  tli.-  niwnt  mtivniy  nf  il...  A.lmlia 
ul.u.n    li..  ivnlly   Invr.l     Im-  run..llhM|   lu  I p  nnr  ill   his 

lM»tSt'SHiMl|.  III.' 

Til.'  i.il^r..,tiin.-H  whirl.  h:i<l  LrfiillHi  til.'  Spjii.ini'.ls.  in     .... 

Vi.-i!.llv  of   this  l.l.ll.Ml'.   II.IVW  a  Klnn...    nVrV  li..'  phnM.!..!  II 

xv!isn.i.si.|..iv<l!.s  .iii.l.'rs..ii...lMiii.-l'til  inlhi-H'v,  n.i.c.lim.i.Mt 
Hti.r  Til.'  Nil..;.liun,  m...  wan  m.l.mltl.v,  n...l  th-i"  «'•;*  "" 
Hl.m..  in  il..'  ...■i;rhl..M..I..MM|  f..,-  iMiihiii.K.     rnluml..iH,  thvw 

fn...,  .VII.MV...I  to. I  hl..l.ur  ..l.....t  h-M  h-MUU.'S  rus\  orMol.t.. 
Cliiisli,  piot.M't.'.!  nil  ..11.'  suW  l.y  a  i.aimal  limipait  ul  mvk^, 

un.lMi,  t ,ili.'.l.yanii..p.'rviH.is  loivsl.  willi  a  Ilia-  plain 

In  fin-  virinilv.  wat.T.'d  l»y  two  Hv.'is. 

II,.,,.  th..  ti'o..|.s  :in<l  iHTsoiis  to  1...  .-niploy.Ml  in  tlir  <'oloiiy 
>v..r.,  .lis..n.l.i..U.Ml,  top.tli.T  will,  th.'  stoirs,  a.n.s,  .....i....^ 
i.ilion.  i.!ni  liv.'  Mto.k.     An  .iiri.n.pi.a'nt  was   foinaMl.  an.l 

th.'  plan  ..I'   a   .itv  trnrr.l  out   an<l  n.ninaii I,   lo  "hali 

('..liinil.iis-av.'tln'nani.'or  hohr//,,,  in  laaaa-  of  his  ...yal 
Vi,fion...ss.'     Th.'  piil»li<'  .'.lili.vs,  s.i.-h  as  a  rliMirh.  a  M.a.- 
liui.s...  an.l  a  ivhI.!.'...'..  (m  ih-  A.ln.i.al,  w.'iv  .•.msti.K-tr.l  ..f 
Ht(.n.';  th.^  ivst  ..f  w.mmI.  plast.T,  iv.'.ls,  and  siu-h  otli.T  niii 
tt'i'ials  as  co.ihl  In-  ivr.tUly  promivd. 

F,,ra  tini.'.'v.'iy  on.'.'X.'it.'.i  l.in.s.'ir  will,  /.-ah  la.t  n.al- 

ndi.'s   s..on   iH'pin    t.)   niak.'   tla-ir  ai-p.-aiaiav.     Many  ha.l 

MilV.-ivd    In.m    M..a-si<'l<n.'ss,   and  th.'   h.nic  n.nr.n.'in.'i.r  on 

l)oard  ..III..' ships;  oth.'is  IVoni  th.' «'xl.aiations  of  a  hot  an.l 

moist,  rlin.i.l.'.  d.'i.s.'  iiahi.al   f.avsls,  and  a  n.'W.  rank  soil. 

The   n.ala.li.'s  of  th.'  mind  also  n.ii.ul.'d  with  tl.os.'  of  lh«' 

Pndy.     Ma..y,  as  has  l)«'.'i.  shown,  had  cn.haik.'d  in  th.'  .'i. 

tciprist'  with  the  most  visionary  and  lon.anth'  cxp.'ftations. 

What.  then,   was  tln-ir  s.irpris.'  at  limlini:  th.'ins.'lv.'s  siir 

r...ind.'d  by  in.pi-a.-ticaM.'  foivsts,  .loom.-d  to  toil  painfully 

lormiTtf  siibsist.MK'.',   and  to  attain  •'vciy  con.foit  by  lh«' 

.  Til.'  <-limiil<'  "II-'  Imd  nni.  tlu-  ii.'w  <Hv  hint  ft  <-}\nn  oxi'tnnrp.  At  111.'  .m-.i.!  iImv.  .-iili.  lln  I- 
null,'  ..v,r.T,mn  «llli  fM.,-H.  In  ll.r  i.il.M  "f  «l.lil.  »rv  ►till  lo  !..■  h,...!  imrlly.  Hi-'  I.IHar-  »t  III.' 
.Iniri'li,  «.■».'  r-n.iiln-  ..f  lli.'  KIml'--  Monlm...,'-  i.M..  purl  ..f  iIm-  r.'-icl.nn'  "f  r,.lMinlm-^MM 
.Milll  ..f  li.'wn  -lour.  Til.'  miii.11  f"rlr."  W  iil-o  ii  pniniiiinil  ruin:  iiml  u  HlH.'  imrili  «>r  II  '  n 
.Irn.liir  pillar  al.oiil  ton  f.'.'t  lilirli  nn<l  a.  mil.  li  In  .tianml.r,  ..f  ^«M  nm-niiry.  n.arly  .'nlln'. 
wl.t.h  »pp.'ar-.  t..  lm^.•  linil  a  «.«.(..'«  t-all-ry  .,r  Imltl.'in.'iil  mmii.  tin'  t..p  for  I'lmvi'iilfnc  "f 
riMini.  an.l  In  tin'  ifiilri'  of  wlilCi  wuh  plunU'd  tta'  lla^  i-tuH.-Mi/i;/. 


1 11  HIS  rnl'ilKU  r.H.l  Mil  I  s, 


IQf 


i>  Ailiiilliil 
oiif  in  lih 

innU,  i»  til" 
|)l:in'.  iiii'l  ii 
III'  iii:iliuiiiilil 
tin-re  \VIIf<  !!'• 
mliiH,  llu'it' 
l>st  ul'  Mnl|t<> 
lillt  III'  Iiu'Uh, 

ii  tiiii'  plain 

II  (111'  ntlnliy 
iriiis,  iiiiiinii 

fol'IIM'll,    iiinl 

I'll.    Ill  uliicll 

ul"  his  iiiyal 

ilicli.  !1    SllH't'- 

iiiistnn'ti'd  of 

I'll    iiIIhT    III!) 

i>:tl  ;  liiit  iiiiil- 
'.  Mniiy  hiid 
iiirmi'inriit   oil 

SdI'  il    llOt   illlll 

I'W,  liiiik  soil. 

I  tlinsi'  nf  tilt' 
I'd  ill  till-  t'li 

cxiM't'tations. 
ii'insi'lvi's  siir- 

toil  ))iiiiil'ully 
iinfHit  by  th<' 

in-iii!  iliiy.  l-iiliillii  I" 
irllv.  Ill"'  pillar-  of  llic 
■lire  of  Idlnnilm'    nil 

II  null'  iiorlliof  It  l«ii 
im"oiir.v,  nearly  ciillri', 
:op  for  cimvfiili'iico  of 


N'VPli'sf  rMTtlnli  '  Astu  Ki.lil,  wlili'll  tji.y  llinl  i'\|M'«'h'i|  fa 
thill  )'«';|i|il\    iltnl   ill  illill)|i|iltlri>,    it    un^  til  III-  )i|iiriMi'i|  n|||\    ill 

Hiiiiill  ttnniitilli's,  mill  hy  |iiii|iiit  iuhI  |M't'>ti'\«'iiii)x  liilmr. 

Mm  to  ntiiiii.    SiHiu'H  p»MMiliif|iiii,H  \vt'ii»  piir«*iii  tn  ('uliiiii- 

Imis    wIm'Ii  tl iiiuiH'H  Wfv  i|isi|i:iip.,|,     'n,,.  pn.v  i«»ii.iihii< 

liail  Ih'iii  ••I'rniiitiiilzi'il"  in  ipiaiility  iiinl  ipialify.  fui'  il  isnti 
I'lTiif  to  siippoHi'  flint  sliKit  iiii'asiiK' .nut  ailiilliiiiliiiii  iiiv  of 
IihmIiI'ii  iuviiitiiiii. 

Siiiii'  il  uiMilil  111'  iH'i'i'Hsjiry.  iiH  MiMiii  IIS  fill"  wnitlii'i'  itii- 
)»ru\ril,  In  -^I'lnl  liafU  tin'  ^iicali-r  pint  of  tin-  lli-i-t.  ('iiliiiiilnis 
ilispatcln'il  uilliiiiit  <li'lay  twiM'xpliiiiiiju'  piirlii-s  miilir  nji'du 
iiidI  (Juiviilaii.  Holli  ifiiinii'il  with  ••iiihiiHiiistir  ri-pnits  of 
fill' v<',;«'tal»li' and  iniiii'ial  ui-nlih  of  thi>  ishiiid.  whiih  nitiif 
jiisl  ill  tinii'  to  throw  a  ^hnin  of  .simNliJni.  ii|:iiii  ihr  diiik 
Nfory  of  disiisiiT. 

('oIiiiiiImis  si'iil  olV  twi'lvc  of  tht' ships  iiiidi  r  Aiithniiy  di« 
Tidifs,  u;iviii4  him  a  h-tti'f  to  thi-  sovi'iviu'iis,  I'lill  of  saimuiim 
aiitii'ipatioiis.  liiit  I'lidiiiir  with  a  pi'titimi  for  fiv»h  suppMi-s 
of  all  kinds.  This  hitir.  whiih  is  >till  i-xtaiit,  all'onls  proof 
of  till' adiiiiiiistrativ*' wisdom  of  (oliimliiis,  and  iln*  inai^iin- 
al  nofi's  show  that  Ills  sn^p'stions  rcci'lvi'd  nirdial  approval, 
cxi'i'lit  that  a  proposal  to  i-nsliiM'  flirtiinnilials  with  tin'  two- 
fold  oiiji'i'l  of  savin;;  tlnir  \irtinis,  and  possijijy  liy  a  litth' 
wholi'somo  pcniil  Ni'ivitiidi'  irl'oiniinv  tli»'  rriininals  tlii'in- 
sclvi's,  yavc  rsalx'lhi  niattri-  for  carrfnl  nii'ditation.     AftiT 

niiirh    thoiin'ht    and   iiiin-h  coiiMiltalion  of  Irariii'd    tl lo- 

^iiaiis,  sill'  (h'cidi'd  that  all  tlii>  Indians    rvm  tin*  ('urilis 
wi'if  to  !)♦»  won  ovoi"  l»y  p'nth'iii'ss.     .Vftrrwards,  liii\\i'\)>f, 
Isalii'lla  chan^^i'd  li*'r  opinion  in  part,  and  withdrrw  her  pro- 
ti'ction  from  cannihals. 

As  we  liavi'  olisi'rvi'd,  flu'  liiiiidinn'  of  tli»'  new  rity  of  Isn- 
ht'lla  was  nndi'itakt'ii  with  an  I'lithnsiastic  industry  which 
wnsscion  to  jjivHway  todisappointnii'iir.  'I'Ih'  miicli  roM'ti-d 
u'old  caiiii'  in  l>nt  slowly,  and  cpidrniic  sirknt'ss  <'omph>tiMl 
till'  iii'iii'ial  dispoiidi'iiry.  ('oliinil)iis,  alfhoii^rh  he  was  liiin 
self  weak  and  snfri'rin^r,  trit'd  to  jmsh  forwaril  tin'  pnlilir 
works,  and  to  cncoiirajuc  tin'  wiiiknu'n;  Inif  wln'ii  tin'  llct-t 
had  di'parted  for  Enroj)(\  di.sconti'nt  spread  rapidly. 


IIH 


rim  IS  TO  I'll  Kit  t  o  /,  t  vn  lm. 


! 


Til."  nilsrlil.'f  MuiKInu  mi-liiUuiulM*  iiiiii  uiummI  with  till  tin* 
iluKniullHin  of  lunoitiiir.'  tint  tU'  fnM.-l.-tl  ^..1.1  wiim  .miIv  iron 
,,Mlf..H.  or-.MiMrflilii.rH|iiil|iu'.  flint  ili..«..|.h.iM.rinMMMH  ..f 

III.-  nativ.'s  wrvx  hrillMMUM,  (|ll<l  rulil.l   lli>t    !..■    |.'|.llin'.|.  IIIKl 

tliiit  nil  iIh'  U'.I.I.'Ii  .hvimiH  w.'ii-  a  .I.-IuhImm.  A  |>I"|  wii»  nii|. 
r.Tt«Ml  to  M.|y...  III.'  ivmiihiliur  tlv.-  ships  ntfl  niti'ii  f-.  Sp.rn. 
I.iii  rM!mi)liiH.lh.'.v..i.'l  it  ill  Hill",  iiii'l  liiHliiu'iiii.'Mr.l  Hi.' 
,li;..r  .•..nNj.iiutnr.  H.Tii!inl  Din/,  uii  ..llln-r  of  liluli  niiik.  who 
h.'hl  n  <lii.'<r  n|.iM.liitiiM'ii»  fioni  ih.'Crowii.  M-nt  him  fn  Spain 
til  Ih«  tii«Ml.'  To  invv.'iif  any  fiiilh'T  atL-mpi.  li«'  |>ut  all  tli.' 
iiillll.TV  ati'l  niiuiiillillinii  ii|M>ti  nil.'  v.'H^.-i.  \\lii«  h  h.'<'.iii>i;iii- 
t'll  til  tiiistwiMlliy  hnnils. 

'rii.'U.  I.'n\  iiitr  hi"*  Itinth.-r  .Iniii.'s  in  rhartr*'  of  the  sliiiw  aiiM 
th.>  town,  h.'  ha.l  a  p'ii.-i:il  .•xp.'<liti..i'.  Int..  ih-  itii.rioi'. 
foniiliiir  a  littl.'  aiiiiv  or  iiifiiiitiy  nii'l  mvalry,  wlii'h  oh- 
wiv.mI  stiift  .lis.'ipliii'.Miiwl  iiihv.mI  ill  iinpnsiiiKai  ray.  always 
,„;ii.hiiiu  I';iHf  iIk-  lii'lian  f-.'tll.-ni.Mits  with  .Ininis  l...allii>r 
nti.l  f..l..rs  llyiiitf.  towar.h  lli«'  iiioiiiilaiiiH  of  Cihno.  wli.-iv 
nil.'il  thi'  \\n'iliUt't'ii"iial.o.  Smii.-..!'  tla-  iiati\.-H  .•miim-  I'or- 
wani  to  propitiati'  llifiii  with  pn-H.-nls,  ..th.-rs  I.m.Ix  ivIiiu.'  in 
llirir  Imis.  :ippar.-iitly  <l'-fiiiiii^'  th.-iiiH.'lv.-s  sal'.-  iM'hin.i  tln« 
frail  laiiipait  of  II  wattl.MU-il''.  ('"Imiihiis  <li.i  not  p.-iinit 
hiss..|.U.'Vsto<lisp,'l  th.' iiiiiof.'iit  .l.-lnsion.  Suddenly  ilu'y 
i-aiiir  i"  a  iM.,iiiilaiii  pass.  aii<t  a  vi.-w  iiniM.MliiK  and  i'i<;im- 
esiiM'  ?H.,k,'   ^n  tlii'lr  i     '  hIsIumI  visi.m. 

'ill.'  inxniiant  laiuhcap.'  fxt.'iKlfd  as  far  as  tlio  eye  roiild 
iva-h.  iiiilil  it  ai.p.'an'd  to  iiifll  awa; ,  and  iiiiiiy;!.' villi  tli'' 
hoii/nii.  'I'll.-  Spaniards  \v.-iv  lilh-d  with  laptmv  at  tla-  -i-lil 
of  litis  lM'antirul.-..miiiy.  Colnmlais  ^av.-  it  tla-  nanw-  of  th.^ 

Vr<f>i  /fritf,  or  \l  .yal  IMain.'  To  the  nnh-i.t  soiil  of  tli.-  .Vd- 
niii-al,  as  la- «iiz<'<Mioiii  the  nioiinlain  pass  a<'r">*s  tla-  ^loii- 
(.iis  plain,  Ih.-  scc-n.-  iH-fniv  him  was  as  a  Klim|'^«'  "f  I'ani'li-^''- 
It  was,  howi;vei\  vi-ry  niiifli  t.»o  s.m.ii  lodr.-am  of  ll.-av.-n. 

iTIiU  «ii.  lIi.'».WIIm-C..tiini»m«.'Xrrrt.nrt  th.-  rllrtlt  nf  imnl-liii':^ 'I'"'"!'"""  "■'  ''''  """ 

K,.v-n.M.r»i.  .mmI' I  In.ni.'.lli.l.H  .....-,1  a  ^r I.....nr  au'..lii.t  lilm.    Alr..,„ly  .1,-  .ll.i..hm.l..  -< 

r,f  I,.. thr.H'-r  «...  .I.arlv  umiiir.-l..)      II-  lia.l  .inn.l  frUn.!.  to  n.lly  r I   Mm. 

wt,..r,a.  Ill,,  niiiiln-.  r.h...l  .■..ni.r.il.Hi.  In  Simlii,  fri.ii.l.  In  Hi.'  <'>l<'"y.  hihI  m.-l  «lll.  .).n|mll.y 
III  fNcrv  ill-i Iiiili'l  inliiil.     hi  hi'j. 

.  Arrnrai../  t"  lil-l.n|.  U.  ia.u»  tl.U  iioUli-  plain  •-..■Itfhly  Icuguc*  In  Itiiailinn.l  fro...  i«>..ij  u. 
thirty  ill  l>ri'i.(llli. 


,ltll  (ill  t1ll» 

H  tMll\    linn 
I'lllMlllH    of 

ttllfnl,  timt 

l»|   UIIM  •'••ll' 

II  f«»  Sp:rii, 

|'|«>«l)>*t   tllM 

III  Ilk.  win  I 
iiii  to  Spiiiii 

|>Ml  illl  ill)' 
Iii'((i|i'>iy,ll' 

i>  Mlii|w  mill 
ii«  iiih  rii.r, 

wlliril    nl»- 

riiy.  iihvnys 
IIIH  Itftititi^ 

iliiio.    uIh'I'M 
S     CMIIIf    I'l'l'- 

•U  rt'liini'  ill 

iM'tlilHl     ill*' 

not  |i<>iiiiit 
III. -Illy  tlifv 
uii'l  i>i<'im'- 

»»  «>y<'  r<iiilil 

ll.'   \vitll     111.' 
!ll    tin-  ^ililll 

miiin'  of  tilt' 

(.r  tlw  A«l- 

.H  till'  jiloii- 

i.f  I'linnlisf. 

f    lli'MVi'll. 

illlrlll"  liM    111"    ll'"» 
IIk'    lll-lllhlllllil.''"' 

I  riillv  riiiiiiil  liiiii: 
iii'l  Hllli  «)iiiiiniliy 

nnil  from  l«i ntj  in 


W!i..ii  f?„.Tn.tf„i,.  i,..|,..|.|  H,i.  huiiil  of  HrtiT.'oN,  ..nii^iuihu 
finiu  Hi..  M.iMinr.iiM.  uiil,  ,.nii,.  1,,^  M....,h  iin.l  ilmtiuuUm. 
li.'|.,iiiii|«litt.'iii.K;iinior.  i.r..|  |,..,„.|.  f..,- fl...  Ilrsf  ilr,,..  lli..|| 
i|«-KHmi.l  roivMN  ..rlM.lritf  f.,  rl...  ,||„  of  ,|,,„„  ,,,,.1  MiimnH 
fli.'.v  w.'iv  h..wil,|..,,Ml   Willi  ii«l..i,W„iM.|,f.     m.  hof.....  ,.«. 

• '"">•  "^•""•'  "<"''•  '"'".I  .111.1  u.lmln.iluii.     Tli.v  Hi  lliMt 

H.ir|...,..i|  .1...  iM..,,,,..!  I,i>.f....,|  iH  I ,„.,„.iMK.I,,m.l  n..tli. 

'"«'''^''''"'" ^»  «lM.|rMiiprh..on  nrvlun  Hi.'  huiH..,,,,,!,  ,lh. 

'"";'"'•  ;'",'["' "PP'<«M'li  of  II,..  S,,anlnr,KriM.|n.ll,m.p.,|. 
;';"".\""''  7'l""n-r.  iMi.  fli..ir  f.-arn  w.-r,.  .00,,  ,||.,..||...|; 
li.'V  Ihi'li  !.l.^..|.,t..|y  ,vlaii|...|  l|,..,h,.ir|,Mr  ||„.,iimN  l.v  ll,..||. 
.o^plfiillly;  nor  .li.ltlM.y  „,,,„,„.  to  luui.Miivlil.a  of  i.r..iv. 
iiiun  h'n.m,,..„,s..  for  t|„.  ,„oviMio„s  ih..y  fun.Uh.Ml  i„  „|„.u 
''"";•''■      "'"   ntlfi.foiv.l  Hiivnif.-.  Ill    aliMosl   vyvvv  mvt  of  ll... 

WOll   I.  N.-,.|riS    lo   |,|„U,.  „    ,,.,,111,.    „f    |,o,|,i|;i||ty 

.Ul..n„m.l.iri^.  I',,,.  ,„„  or  i|„v..  ,|„ns  a.'io.s  ij.is  ,,.,1,1,. 
Plj'i".  rli.'y  arrlv..,|  al  a  .l.aii,  of  lolly  ami  riiw.l  i„.h,m 
tains,  ami.lsf  «|,i,.|,  lay  fl...  ko|,|,.„  ,,.^10,1  of  Cll.ao.  ()„  ,.„. 
r.'iliiu  tills  vaimf.Ml  roMiifiy.  ,|„.  u  |,.,I,.  ,lmiarl..r  ..f  ll,,.  s,.,.„. 
"l.v  .•lmiiy:.'.l,  as  if  „ai,„...  ,l,.|i^.|„,.,|  j,,  ,.o„t,-ari..|i..s.  ami  ,||s 
pl.iy...l  a  .iilH..,-|lk..  pov.'riy  of  ..xt,.,|or.  wl,..„  u.'miu^  uiili 
'""l-ii  tivas„,vs.  No||,i„;r„as|ol„.K..,.„|,„t,.hai,i.sor,.orkv 
"•'•I  •"•'"'!•  "'oilllti,i„s.s,-Ml„ily  rioll,..,!  ui(|,  ,,i,„.s.     Til.,  v.-iy 

|mim'..f  tlu'CMiaiiy  h.-spok,.  ll...  natiii '  il,..  n.„I:  cii,.,.. 

•"    '•'••   l.-'iiKiiayi.   oj-    ||„.   „:„iv,.s,   .siu„irvi„K  a  ./.„>,,      H,,,' 
uliMf  n.i.sol.Ml  til..  Spaaianls  f.,,'  tli.' asiH.,ii v  of  t|„.  soil,  was 
to  o hs,.rv..  partirli.s  of  ^o|.|  anion-  tl...  samiHof  H,,.  ,„,.anis, 
waHli...|  . |.,w„.  n.Ml.H.hi.  froM.  tl...  ,ni,„.s  .,f  tl...   mountains 
(  oli.ml.iH  will,  ,ni,..|,  skill  s..i,.,t...|  a  Ntnam-  position,  an.i 

'" '  ""^  f'"'  P'-"'  "f  «i  '■<',.t,'..ss  ini..n,l...l  I.)  p,<,|..,.t  tl„.  pas. 

saw."  Iiom  Isahi-lla  to  Hh-s,.  Ko|,|.|i,.|<U.  ||,.  (li.vrt.Ml  tim 
w..rk  .1,  p..rson,  .iml  l.avin^r  „:,„„.,i  ,|„.  f,,,,  „n,.,,s,.  Thomas 
-in  orcl.'r  It  Is  saiM  t..  r..|i.in,l  l.is  follow..rs  of  tliHr  w,,.,,... 
In'ii<l...l  .m-r...li,lity  '  lie  appoint..,!  |>,.t..r  M.iruaiit...  .i  n..l.l... 
'I'i'n  of  (afaloniii  ami  a  KnlKlit  of  ili..  Or^l  .r  ..f  Si.  .Iaiii..s 

;.n^;\r;:;;:?;:::i::;\;::;:^ 


110 


cmiisTorniin  coiamiil's. 


He  liiin- 


t'j  the  coninKiiKl,  with  a  ,uanis(.n  of  lil'ty-six  mm. 
Hi'If  n  tnnu'il  with  \\u'  n-st  to  IsalH-lhi. 

Th.'  ishma  ol"  llispiniiola  al  tluit  tiiuo  was  divlih'tl  into  (ivh 
little  kinunli.ms,  umh'r  live  iiKh'iM'iuU'Ut  cadciiK's.  News  did 
not  si.mid  rapidly  f rom  oiu-  i.iiiicJi.aiity  to  aiiotlirr,  and  th.' 
Indians  of  th-  Itrval  Plain  still  n'l-ard.'d  the  stiani-vrs  with 
v.-iu-iation.  Caonah'.  was  not  once  In-anl  of  in  the  conrso  of 
tti..  rx.nrsion.  A  nn-sscn-.-r  from  IN'tn-  .Nh.i-aritc  very  soon 
bron^dit  iiitt'lli^ciMicH  that  th  '  Indians  showed  si-ns  of  hostil- 
ity, and  that  I'aonaho  was  preparing'  an  attack.  Is  was  the 
tile  old  st(.rv.  As  soon  as  the  protcvtin-j  presence  ol  the 
conwnander-'in-chief  was  withdrawn,  it  had  h-reil  ill  witli 
the  poor  Indians.  The  Si)aniards  had  h«arned  to  obey  hini, 
but  they  obeyed  no  one  else,  and  Maruarite  even  set  the  ,.x- 
jiri.ple  of  licentions  condnct.  A  reinl\.rcenient  of  twenty 
men  was  considered  quite  snllicient  for  ttie  oc"asion,  and 
thirty  more  were  told  olf  to  make  a  road  for  the  passage  of 

troops.  , 

The  real  anxiety  of  Columbus,  however,  lay  in  the  new 
city.  Stran.L-e  maladies  caused  by  noxions  vapors,  and 
helped  by  vicif)US  indnl,<>ence,  spread  rapidly  anion-;  the 
Spaniards.  The  supply  of  tlonr  failed,  and  hands  to  frrind 
the  wheat  were  growin*!;  scarcer  every  day.  Tt  was  no  time, 
the  Admiral  thought,  for  standing  npcrn  pride  of  rank.  He 
ordered  all  the  able-bodied  men,  gentle,  and  simple,  to  take 
their  turn  at  the  grinding,  under  penalty  of  having  their  ra- 
tions diminished.  This  was  an  indignity  not  to  be  borne  by 
the  "blue  blood"  of  Spain,  even  though  no  other  course 
could  save  the  little  colony  from  famine  and  pestilence. 

Father  Boil,  the  Yicar- Apostolic,  sympathized  with  the 
young  cavaliers,  and  reproved  Columbus  for  his  "cruelty" 
when?  according  to  his  threat,  the  Admiral  punished  the 
refractory  by  diniinuticm  of  rations.  By  loudly  proclaim- 
ing his  disapprobation  of  the  measure  adopted,  the  Vicar- 
Apostolic,  perhaps  thoughtlessly,  did  much  to  foment  dis- 
affection. 

AVhen,  in  spite  of  his  remonstrances,  the  Admiral  per- 
sisted in  his  conscientious  efforts  to  save  his  people  from  de- 


\.    ITc  liiin- 

Icil  iiit(»  five. 

News  (lid 
licr,  and  tli<' 
iinncrs  with 
li('  ('<»iirst'  <»f 
tc  very  soon 
lis  of  liostil- 

[s  was  the 
•tence  <ir  lliH 
•ed  ill  with 
:o  obey  him, 
i\  st't  lh<'  t'X- 
t  of  twt'iity 
I'c'asion,  and 
e  passnjje  of 

•  in  the  new 
Aaj)(>rs,  and 
'  amonj;-  the 
nds  to  frrind 
was  no  time, 
of  rank.     He 
nitle.  to  take 
•ing  their  ra- 
)  be  borne  by 
other  course 
pstilence. 
zed  witli  the 
is  "cruelty" 
punished  the 
11  y  proclaim- 
d,  the  Vicar- 
o  foment  dis- 

Admiral  per- 
ople  from  de- 


ciiiiisToriir.n  ( oi. i  m/us. 


ttt 


sfrncfion.  I'atlier  \\i)i\  coMiiiiitted  the  e.vtravaneiit  ftdly  of 
excouimunicalin;;;  iiini,  for  driu,u'  what  ('(>hiiiil)us  felt  to  be 
his  duty.  Jlewasaltou'ether  incapable  of  understandiu<;  the 
irreat  sold  of  ("oluudius.  Hither  IIk!  theolouical  coui'si'  of 
study  !it  La  IJabida,  or  coiuuion  sense  was  enou«:h  to  certifv 
to  the  Discoverei'of  America  that  the  censures  of  iheChiirch 
oidy  fall  upon  sinful  acts,  and  th.  t  where  no  faidt  exists  ex- 
commuidc.ition  (»idy  causes  ext<'rnal  annoyance,  and  im- 
poses /lo  obJi^Mliou  l»indiiii>'  in  conscience  beyond  the  •j.'eueral 
duty  of  reeeivin;;-  ev.'u  an  unjust  sentence  with  respectful 
demeanor..  Indt'r  vei-y  peculiar  circumstances  ac(iuiescence 
may  be  sinful.  Kveli  ecclesiastical  superior.;  must  be  dis- 
obeyed if  they  command  an  injustice,  and  spiiitual  penal- 
ties in  such  case  lall  haradessly  upon  the  soul,  wiiich  in 
^niod  faith  disrei^ai'ds  them  at  the  biddinj;'  of  conscience.' 

Father  Uoil  was  resisting;  legitimate  authority  in  a  civil 
matter,'  and  deserved  cliastisenieiit.  As  he  did  not  possess 
the  si)irit  ol  a  martyr,  a  little  rastiii<i-  on  bread  and  v»ater 
had  the  elfect  of  reducing'  him  t<»  silence,  though, (tf  course 
it  did  not  itnprovt^  Ins  tem[ier. 

Muiiy  i)roud  spirits  had  been  oU'eiided  beyoml  forgiveness, 
but  a  more  conciliatoiy  jxdicy  might  have  been  <'ven  more 
disastrous,  and  probably  was  n«»t  feasible.  The  hidalgos 
were  not  open  to  argument  where  their  i)ride  was  touched. 
To  exempt  them  from  a  share  in  the  burthen  was  to  throw 
it  all  upon  a  few  poor  men,  who  with  their  decreasing  num- 
bers would  have  had  to  be  literally  worked  to  death  to  sut'ply 
the  growing  wants  of  the  invalids  and  piivileged  idlers. 
Columbus  in  this  emergency  showed  once  more  that  indom- 
itable wiil  which  clings  to  duty  at  all  costs,  aiul  braves 
])0))ular  clamor  rather  tlian  <'omnnt  injustice  or  dei)art  the 
breath  of  a  hair  from  ju'inciple. 

AVhen  by  the  nnfiinching  energy  of  the  Admiral  good 
ord^^r  had  been  to  some  extent  restored,  the  ganison  of 
Isabella  was  sent  under  Ojeda  to  St.  Thomas,  where  Peter 


'  Soo  Giiry,  "CoiniiciKl.  Thcnl.  Slor.  V.  IT. 

'  II  iiiii'it  lint  lie  fnrirntfcn  Hint  Cnliimlms  \va- Viceroy  of  the  Indies,  and  as  such  the  civil  su- 
perior of  tlie  wliolc  coloiiy,  lay  and  clerical. 


113 


aiiasTOPiunt  coiA'Mni's. 


M..r^^n-it.^  and  Ojrcla  were  to  exchan<re  ronimands,  Ojcda  ro- 
maiiiin-  In  charKe  of  tli«  f.'itress,  and  s.'ttin-  Mai-anK'  treo 
fur  a  tiiilitary  pro-ivss  round  tlie  island.  H.'  sent  many  ad 
miral.le  instructions  l..  I'eter  Mar-arite.  whose  virtue  he  ha<l 
nut  vet  found  cause  to  (h.nl.t.  He  or<h*r."d  him  to  be  most 
circu'mspect  in  his  dealin-s  witli  tin-  natives,  to  treat  them 
vith  scrupulous  justice,  and  to  do  ids  best  to  win  tlieir  al- 
factions  and  i.redispose  them  lor  hecomin-:  Cliristians.  feufr 
g,.stions  are  added  in  curious  detail  lor  cai.turin- Caonabo 

bv  strataj^ern.  , 

Tile  next  thint;  was  to  provide  for  the  maintenance  of 
iruod  order,  and  to  tliis  end  Colund)ns  appointed  a  council 
cunsistin-  of  Father  Hoil  and  three  leading  men,  under  the 
presidency  of  his  brotlier  l)(m  James,  to  govern  the  cohmy 
in  his  absence.  Finally  he  set  sail  with  thive  of  the  live  re- 
maining ships,  selecting  those  of  the  lightest  draught.  1  he 
o-ie  which  he  took  for  himself  was  the  same  brave  little 
I^'nta  wnich  had  served  him  so  faithfully  before.  It  seemed 
almost  ungrateful  to  change  that  now  famous  name;  but  to 
c(»nler  tli.^  name  of  the  great  Franciscan  saint  was  in  the 
judgment  ot  Columbus  only  to  add  honor,  and  so  the  ^^ua 
became  the  Santa  Clara.'  ,  .  ,   ., 

Independently  ot  all  the  grief  and  anxiety  which  the  mis- 
c(mduct ot  the  hpamards  had  caused,  the  delay  itself  nuisr 
liiive  been  a  severe  trial  to  the  impetuous  spirit  of  a  discov- 
erer At  last,  however.  Columbus  was  able  to  o(mtinue  his 
vova"-e.  On  the  24th  oi  April,  he  sailed  from  Isabella,  taking 
Avithliim  three  small  vessels,  lit  to  run  in  the  shallow  water 
of  coasts  and  rivers.  The  plan  of  this  expedition  ^yas  to  re- 
visit Cuba  at  the  point  where  he  had  abandoned  it  on  his 
first  voyage,  and  thence  to  explore  it  on  the  southern  side. 
As  hasidready  been  observed,  he  supposed  it  to  be  a  conti- 
nent, and  tlie  extreme  end  ot  Asia,  and  by  following  its 
shores,  trusted  to  arrive  at  Mangi,  and  Cathay,  and  other 
rich  countries,  forming  part  ot  the  territories  of  the  Grand 
Khan,  described  by  Marco  Polo. 
Having  arrived  at  the  eastern  end  of  Cuba,  he  sailed  along 

•  St  CJaro. 


Is,  Ojrdil  vo- 
ar^Mrilc  treo 
•nt  niiiny  ad 
iifui'  lu!  had 
I  to  be  most 
»  tr<'at  th«'m 
,viii  tlii'ii  al- 
stians.  Su,<:;- 
•iiig  Caonabo 

intennnce  of 
(,'d  a  c'ouiK'il 
n,  under  the 
ri  the  coh)ny 
)l"  the  live  le- 
iaufj,ht.    The 

I  brave  little 
e.  It  Heenied 
lanie;  but  to 
It  was  in  the 

so  the  JVina 

hich  the  mis- 
ly  itself  nuist 
t  of  a  disc'ov- 
»  continue  his 
abella,  taking 
shallow  water 
ion  was  to  re- 
ned  it  on  his 
iouthern  side, 
to  be  a  conti- 
following  its 

II  y,  and  other 
of  the  Grand 

le  sailed  along 


cuimroruKu  co  1. 1  mh  i  s. 


l!)! 


the  Mouthcni  roast,  touching  once  or  twice  in  flie  ]iarlM»is. 
The  natives  crowded  to  the  siion's,  ga/ing  witli  astonislinirnt 
at  the  shii's  as  tlicy  glided  gently  along  at  no  great  di,>tan«v. 
Tiiey  held  up  I'rnits  and  otliei-  jtrovisions,  to  tenijit  the 
Spaniards  to  land,  while  others  carni'  oil"  in  canoes,  oU'eiing 
varions  rerreshnients,  not  in  l)arler,  but  as  Tree  gills.  On 
iiapiiringol  them  lor  gold,  they  nnirorinly  pointed  to  the 
sonth,  intimating  that  ti  great  island  lay  in  t'hat  diivclion, 
where  it  was  to  be  I'onnd  in  al)undance. 

On  the  M  of  May,  Iheiercdv.  ('olnnd)ns  turned  liis  jirow 
directly  sonth.  lie  had  not  sailed  many  leagnes  before  th(» 
blue  snmndts  of  Jamaica  began  to  rise  above  tlie  horizon. 
It  was  two  days  and  a  night,  however,  btd'ore  he  reached  it, 
tilled  with  admiration,  as  he  gradually  drew  near,  at  its  vast 
extent,  the  beauty  of  its  nioiititains,  the  majesty  of  its  for- 
ests, and  the  great  nundxr  of  viHages  which  aiiimated  the 
whole  face  of  the  country.  Me  (oasted  the  island  fidin 
about  the  centre  to  the  western  end.  The  natives  aj)peared 
to  be  moiv  ingenious  as  well  as  moi,  warlike  than  those  of 
Cuba  and  llayti.  Theii'  canoes  were  c(mstructed  with  moie 
art,  and  ornamented  at  the  bow  and  stern  with  carving  and 
IKiinting.  Many  were  of  gre.it  size,  hollowed  from  trunks 
of  the  mahogany  and  otliei-  magnilicent  trees,  which  rise 
like  verdant  towers  amidst  the  licli  forests  of  the  tro})ics. 
Every  cacique  had  a  large  state  cano(»  of  tlie  kind.  One 
measiu-ed  ninety-six  feet  in  length,  and  eight  feet  in  breadtli, 
formed  of  a  single  tree. 

Being  disa])ointed  in  his  hopes  of  finding  gold  in  Jamaica, 
Colund)us  determined  to  return  to  Cid)a.  As  he  was  about 
to  leave  the  island,  a  young  Indian  came  olf  to  the  ship, 
and  begged  that  the  Spaniards  woidd  take  him  with  them 
to  their  country.  lie  was  followed  by  liis  relatives  and 
friends,  supplicating  him  to  aliandon  his  jjurpose.  For 
some  time  he  was  distracted  between  cont-ern  for  their  dis- 
tress, and  an  ardent  desire  to  see  the  Inmie  of  the  won- 
derful strang(n's.  Curiosity,  and  the  youthful  pro]iensity 
to  rove,  at  length  prevailed:  he  tore  himself  from  the  em- 
braces of  his  friends,  and  took  refuge  in  a  secret  part  of  the 


Ill 


CUllKiorUHti  Vill.l  MUi'S. 


r<iucii<'.i 

llic  foil- 


slii,,.  from  Mio  t.'i.rs  an.l  H.tivMtM.s  of  I.ih  his  .ts 

l.v  tliiss.vih.of  tiMtmul  nllVrtioiK  and  plisis.-.l  wi 

nili,,.  s,mit  of  tl...  voutlu  Coluinlms  onU-.v.l  that  hv  should 

l.(.  in-atr.l  willM'siurial  kindiu'Mf*. 

Il,vin-st.M..v.l  a^.mi  forCuha,  Colnn.l.us.  <m  he  IMl.  o 
Mav.  aniv..,!  af  a  pvat  ...,..■.  to  whirl,  h.  piv.  tla-  nan.,  o 
Caho  .h.  la  Cn./,'  whirl,  it  still  ivta.ns  Coasting  to  tin- 
w,.s|.  la.  soon  ^ot  <.ntanj.h..l  in  a  labyrinth  o  sn.a  1  is  an.U 
a„.i  krvs  ;  son...  ..f  th..n.  ^u'vv  l"vv.  nak.-.l.  a...  saii.ly,  ..thfi's 
,..,vc.r...i  with  v,.nlmv.  an.l  ..th.Ts  turiHl  with  lolty  an. U-.-an- 
,if„l  r.„,..sts.  As  th..  ships  u.li,l...l  ah.n-  th..  K,..o..th  an.l 
.lassv  .O.ann..ls  wl.i.-l.  s..i«,.at.-.l  tin.  islan.ls  tl...  man...l.n.n.v 

of  thVir  v..jr.'tation,  tl...  s..ft  ...lors  waft.xl  in.m  lh.u..rs  an. 
l,h.ss.nns  a.i.l  anmiati,-  shn.hs  th..  spl.;n.  nl  1;>""'".^'  .•; 
s,.arl..t  .•ran..s,  tla.nin^.M.s  an.l  ..th.-r  tr..,...'al  bir.ls  an.l  h. 
.,ui.lv.-l..n.ls..f  l..,lt..rni..s,  all  i.....,nl.l.-.l  what  ,s  .h-s.-r, h... 
:.r  ...•i..ntal  ..lini.'s.  11.'  i...rsna.l...l  hin.s..lt  th..r.-l..r...  that 
thos,.  w..r..  tl...  islan.ls  m..nti..n...l  by  Ma.ru  l'..l..,  as  Inn-in^ 
,h,:,.oast  ..f  Asia,  an.l  he  ^av  tin-  .•lust.,.r  th.  nan,.-  ..1  tl..> 

On.'cn's  (Jar.h'n.  ... 

Knu.r-in-  from  this  h.hyrinth,  Columbus  i.u.-su...  his  voy- 
ajrewitha  ,.r..siH.r..us  brecz..  al.m^'  that  part.,  th..  s..uth- 
rm  si.h.of  Cuba,  wh.M-..,  i..r  n.-aily  thirty-hv..  .■a^n,..s.  th.. 
navi^ati.m  is  fr.'..  from  bank,  an.l  islamis:  t..  his  l.-tt  jvas 
tla.br.uul  ami  open  sea,  whose  .hirk-blue  color  gave  t..ke,i 
of  ami.le  .lepth ;  to  his  ri^ht  ex-n-led  a  ri.'hly  w.,o.le< 
..ountry,  <'alh..l  O.iu  fay,  vitU  noble  m..untains,  liv.pient 
stivam's,  an.l  num..r.)ns  villat!;«.s.  ,  .        , 

Th*^  app.'aran<..>  <.f  th.'  ships  spiva.l  v.omhn-  an.l  joy  al.m.i? 
the  (...ast.  Th..  natives  came  ..11  swimmin-,  .>r  in  canot's,  t.. 
olfer  fruits  an.l  ..tl...r  pres..|.ts.  Wh..n,  after  the  usual  ..y..i^ 
iu-  sla.wer,  the  br..../..  blew  fr..m  th.'  sln.iv,  an.l  br..n.t.l,t  ..IT 
the  swe..tu.^ss  .,f  the  lan.l,  it  b...e  with  it  als..  the  .hstant  s..nss 

of  the  natives,  and  the  soun.l  <.f  their  ru.le  mus,.'  as  th..y 
were  pn.bablv  ceh-bratin-,  with  nath.nal  chants  an.l  dances, 
the.  arrival  ..f  th.-s..  -.v.n.h.rful  stranpn-s  on  th.Mr  casts 
If,  instead  of  a  bus^viudit^^ 

'  CuiH-  (if  tlio  Ctomi,  . 


cmusToi'iiKii  <  or.  i  Mn vs. 


un 


,    Toik'Ik'.I 

til    till'    foll- 

t  hi-  nIi«>ii!(1 

the   ISth  of 
ln'  iiaiiic  ol" 
;|ill^'   tt»    lln^ 
iiiitl  i>liiniU 
iiidy,  otlu'is 
ly  iiinl  liciiil- 
siiiiiotli  :iii<l 
iiimiiilict'iici^ 
llowcis  iiinl 
]»limi!i,i;t'  <>r 
ids.  :iii(l  tlu' 
is  (l('sci'il>t'<l 
'icfor*'.  tliiit 
>,  iis  l"riii,u,inj;- 
naiiR'  <»r  tlio 

;u('(l  his  voy- 
»1'  tilt'  sdiith- 
l(':i<iii<'s.  the 
his  left  was 
f  gave  token 
I'hly  wooded 
ins,  l"n'(iuent 

\\([  joy  alonj; 
in  canoes,  to 
(•  usual  eveii- 
il  Iti'ouii'ht  ol? 
distant  son^s 
lusic,  as  they 
s  and  dances, 
ir  coasts. 
lioil  and  tlie 


vlftuoiiM  hut  for  flicni(»st  jiart  sadly  unenfer|)iisiti;;  monks 
whom  he  had  chosen  fo  accompany  him.  ihciv  had  hen  a 
few  ^^enuinc  aposllcs,  a  more  uloiious  Held  I'ur  Tuissionaiy 
lahor  than  the  fair  island  (.f  Cuba  <"ould  scaicely  have  hecn 
found 

Animated  hy  the  delusions  of  his  rich  fancy,  Columltiis 
now  continued  to  lullou  up  this  supposed  continent  of  Asia  ; 
]tlun,u:iii«  into  an(»ther  wilderness  of  keys  and  islets  towards 
the  western  end  (»f  (,'uhii,  and  exphuin^^  tiiat  jM-rplcved  and 
lonely  const,  wlios.'   intriciite  channels  are  seldom  visited, 
even  at   t he  jueseiit  day,  e.\cej»f   hy  the  lurkin.u'  hark  of  the 
Hniu^'>,der  and  the  pirate.     In  this  naviirafion  he  had  to  c(»n- 
tend  with  ahiKr.t  incredil»le  dilHculties  and  perils;  liisvessels 
liavin<r  to  he  warped  thioui^^h  narntw  and  shallow  passa;;'es, 
where  they  frecpiently  ran  a.iiround.     lie  was  encouraired  to 
proceed  hy  information  which  he  received,  or  fancied  he  re- 
ceived, from  the  natives,  concernin-^-  a  country  fartlu'r  on, 
called  Man<ion,  where   the  ])eople  wore  cloth ilif.  and  whicll 
liesnj)pose(Muust  h'  Maiigi,  the  rich  Asiatic  province  de- 
srrihed  hy  Marco  Polo. 

His  crews  seem  to  have  partaken  of  liis  dehision.  One 
day,  while  a  i)arty  on  shore  was  enii)loyed  in  cuttini?  w(»od 
and  tillin<r  water-casks,  an  arcln'r  strayed  into  the  forest 
with  his  crossbow,  in  search  of  game,  hut  so(m  returned, 
llyinii:  in  hreathless  teiror.  He  declaivd  that  he  liad  seeti 
ihrough  an  o])en  glade  a  man  dressed  in  white  robes,  like  a 
friar  of  the  Order  of  Mercy,  so  tlnit  at  first  he  took  him  for 
the  chaplain  of  the  Admiral.  He  was  followed  hy  two 
others  (h-essed  in  white  tunics  reaching  to  rheir  knees,  and 
all  these  had  complexion.s  as  fair  as  Europeans.  Behind 
them  were  otheis,  to  the  nnmher  of  thirty,  nrmed  with 
clubs  and  lances. 

Two  i)arti(\s  were  dispatdied,  well  armed,  on  the  follow- 
ing  morning,  in  (piest  of  these  people  in  white:  tlie  first  re- 
turned unsuccessful;  the  other  brought  word  of  liaving 
ti-acked  the  footprints  of  some  lai-ge  animal  with  claws,  suft' 
posed  hy  them  to  have  been  either  a  lion  or  a  griffin ;  hut 
which  most  prohal)ly  was  an  alligator.     Dismayed  at  the 


^ 


^j,^  viinisroriiKii  I'oiA  stmii. 

^i-l.{.  th.-v  lli.sN.lH-<l  biirk  t..  the  s.'lisl(l«'.  Asm.  frilr  nf 
In.liaMsu^aiiii-  dnrhin- uns  .'V<-r  .nsc(.v..iv(l  in  CiihiMt  is 
i.rnhiil)!.'  iIm-  hh'M  in  \vliil<>  wviv  untliiii,--' ds.-  tlinii  !i  Hock  nl 
naiirs.  ii.aunili.Ml  by  Hi.'  f«":Ms  ul'  tl..'  waiul.Tii.-  nirli.-r. 
Tlu'Hf  l.ii-is,  liU.'  til."  llaminv'<M's,  f.M-d  in  (•(.nipany,  wiih  <m.' 
.statioiuMl  at  a  .listan.v  as  a  s.'Utiu.'I.  Wlini  sc.-ii  thn.ii-U 
j,n(.iM>nin-r,.r  tlio  woodland,  standing  in  mus  in  a  slialluw 
^dassy  pool,  th.-ir  lici^lit  and  I'lvctiu'SH  givo  tlu«ni,  at  Inst 
•dancV,  tin*  H«'nil>lan<v  uf  liunian  li.ymvs. 

Kiniily  ronviiKvd  that  li.'  was  (-(.astin-  tin*  sliovps  of  Asia, 
('(.Innil.iis  hop'  1  l)y  continninu;  on  to  arriw  -A  Ww  Amy:i 
CJKTson.'siis  of  the  aii('i"nts,  doiil.lin^'  whicii,  he  nu-ht 
ivtiim  to  Knrop.^  hv  tiio  way  of  tho  H.'d  sea;  or,  niriini- 
navijiatin^-  Afiirn,  lu'  mijrht  pass  by  tho  Poituunrs,.  as 
th.'v  w.'iv  ^Mopinu-  alon^'  the  coast  of  ({ninca;  and,  alter 
haviii-  iiavijrat.-d  ronii.l  the  ^lolx',  fnil  his  adv.mtnrous 
sails  at  the  pillars  of   Hercules,  the  !,>■  phis  ultra  ot  tho 

ancient  world!  .   . 

Hut,  though  liis  fellow  voya,i,'ers  shaivd  his  oinnion  that 
tliev  W're  c.iastiii- the  continent  (.f  Asia,  they  shrunk  from 
the'iiicreasiiiK  i.erils  of  the  voya-je.  The  ships  were  strained 
and  crazed:  the  cables  and  litririnir  uinch  worn;  the  provis- 
ions nearly  exhiiusted;  and  the  crews  worn  out  by  incessant 
labor.  The  Admiral,  therefore,  was  linally  persuaded  to 
a'banih.n  all  further  prosiM-uti  >n  of  the  voyaf-v.  Before  ho 
turned  back,  however,  he  oldi.uvd  th(^  ollicers  and  seamen  to 
siu-n  a,  depositiim,  declaring'  their  perfect  conviction  that 
Cnba  was  a  contiivMit,  the  be•i•innin^' and  the  end  of  ii'dia. 
This  sin^nilar  instruim.'ut  was  sij^med  near  that  deep  bay 
called  by  some  the  Bay  of  Philipina,  by.  others,  of  Cortes. 

At  this  very  time,  a  ship-boy  from  the  mast  head  miijlit 
have  overlooki'd  tli;'  uroup  of  islands  to  the  south,  and  have 
beheld  the  open  sea  beyond.  Had  (V.liimbiis  c(mtinued  on 
for  two  or  three  days  lon^'el^  he  would  have  passed  round 
the  extremity  of  Cuba  ;  his  illusion  would  have  been  dis- 
pelled, and  an  entirely  different  course  might  have  been 
given  to  his  subsequent  discoveries. 

lietiirning  now  towards  the  east,  the  crew.s  suffered  greatly 


Cllli/S  TO  PI  I  hit  (  0 1. 1  Mil  I 'S, 


117 


no  f  ril  ••  nf 
Ciilni,  it  is 
I  11  tlocU  of 
iiiu;  urclu'r. 
y,  with  one 
t«!i  tliroiiiili 
1  II  simllow 
I'lii,  Jit  lirst 

yoH  of  AsJM, 
t\\c  Aiiii'H 
,  ill'  ip.i^lit 
or,  ciiciim- 
tuniK'-^c,  as 
and,  al'lt'i' 
i(lvt>ntiii'oiis 
iffra  of  thu 

jpinlon  that 
lirnnk  from 
ere  sti'ni'K'tl 
the  provis- 
l)y  incessant 
I'rsuaded  to 
Befoi'e  ho 
1(1  seamen  to 
vietion  that 
rid  of  India, 
it  deep  bay 
s,  of  ('oJ'tes. 
head  miijr.t 
th,  and  have 
'ontinned  on 
assed  ronnd 
ve  been  dis- 
t  have  been 

Eared  greatly 


from  fati^Mie  and  scareity  of  provisions,  until  lliey  ancli.  red 
out-  ilay  in  (he  moiitli  of  a  line  riviT.  in  an  al»nn(hinf  coimlr^N, 
wlii-rt' thf  nali\»'s  soon  siipplifd  ihi'ir  wants.  Here  Colum- 
bus hmded  one  Siindny  mornin;,'  to  erect  u  <'roHs.  as  was  his 
custom  in  all  remarkal)le  places,  in  tolicn  of  having' bronyiit 
t!i(' conn  try  nndcitlielilesscddDniinionorthi'CalholicClnirch. 
He  was  met  by  the  cacicpic  and  by  a  vcufrable  ln<liiin,  four- 
Hcore  years  of  aire,  who  i)rcsentc(l  him  with  n  sfriiij;-  of  their 
mystic  beails,  and  a  calabash  Idled  with  deli<'ate  fruit.  They 
then  walked  with  him,  hand  in  hand,  to  a  stalely  ^i(»ve  (»u 
the  river  baid<,  where  he  had  ordeied  j^rand  mass  to  be  per- 
formed. Tilt!  ass(  nd)led  natives  looked  on  with<ireat  rever- 
«'nce.  When  the  <'eremony  was  ended,  the  old  man  of  fonr- 
Ncore  api)roaclied  Columbus,  and  thus  aihliessed  him:  "lam 
told  that  thou  hast  come  to  these  lands  with  a  miuhty  forc<* 
iiud  hast  .subdued  many  c(»untries,  spreading;'  ;j,i'eaf  fear 
nmoni;  the  jH'ople.  lie  not,  however,  vain<ilorious.  Know- 
that  tin;  souls  of  men  have  two  journeys  to  perform  after 
they  have  departt^l  from  the  body;  one  to  a  place  dismal, 
foul,  and  covered  with  <larkness.  prepaied  for  such  as  have 
been  unjust  tmd  cruel  to  their  fellow-men  ;  the  other  full  of 
deliii'hl,  J'or  siu'h  as  have  promoted  i)eace  on  <'arlh.  If, 
then,  thou  art  imutal,  and  dost  expect  to  die,  beware  that 
thou  hurt  no  man  wnuinfully,  neither  do  harm  to  those  who 
hiive  done  no  harm  to  thee." 

This  speech  beini?  interpreted  to  Colinnbus,  he  was  moved 
l»y  the  simple  ehxjuence  of  the  sava,u<',  and  rejoiced  lo  hear 
his  doctrine  of  the  future  state  of  the  soul,  having-  siipjxtsed 
that  no  belief  of  the  kind  existetl  amoni;  the  inhabifants  of 
these  countries.  He  assured  the  old  man  that  he  had  been 
sent  by  his  sovereigns  to  teach  them  the  true  leligion  to 
protect  them  from  harm,  and  to  sidxbu!  their  enendes.  the 
terrible  Caribs.  The  venerable  Indian  was  astonished  to 
learn  that  the  Admiral,  whom  he  had  c<msidered  so  great 
and  powerful,  was  yet  but  a  subject ;  and  when  he  was  told  of 
the  grandeur  of  the  Si)anish  nionanihs,  and  of  the  wondei-s 
of  their  lungdoni,  a  sudden  desire  seized  him  to  se(^  this 
marvellous  country,  and  it  was  with  dilRculty  the  tears  and 


1IM 


aiiusToriiKit  col.  I  Mil  vs. 


rcnuiiisfninct's  of  his  wifn  und  <liiMn'ii  j-oiiM  (llMstmdn  1i!m 

Al'ifi'  IfiiviiiA  tlii^  river,  ('.•IiiiiiIhis  Mtood  over  t<»  Jiuiiai<ii, 
ami  I't.r  n.-iiily  a  iimntli  cMitinii.Ml  heating  alois;?  Us  s<iiitli 
eiii  coaHt.  AiirlKiriiiK  <»nt'  t'veniiiK  in  a  i';;«'at  hay,  he 
was  visited  i)y  a  eacitiue,  \vli<»  leiuained  fiiitil  a  late  lioiic 
(MiMveisiMK  witli  tile  Indian  iiiteipieter,  nixiiit  tlie  span 
iaids  niid  theif  cunutiy,  and  their  prowess  in  vaiKpiishinK 
llie  ("aiihs. 

<)i»  tlie  follow ln«  niornini:,  when  the  ships  were  under 
\veiuh.  lliree  cniioes  issued  i"iotn  ainon^  tli<'  islands  of  tlu! 
bay.  In  the  centre  one,  whieh  was  larp",  and  handsomely 
carved  and  ])aiiited,  were  seated  tlie  <'aei(pie  and  his  family, 
consisting  of  two  dauiihters,  youivj,- ami  hriuiiful,  two  st»ns, 
and  live   brothers.     They  were  all  arrayed  in  their  jewels, 

and  attended  by  ollicers  d )rated  with  plumes  and  mantles 

of  varie^'ated  feathers.  Tlu?  stan(hird-b;'ar.'r  sto^d  in  the 
jn'ow  with  a  tlutterin^  white  banner.  *>hile  other  Indians, 
fancifidly  jiainted.  beat  ui»on  tabi>vs,  or  sounded  trumpets 
of  line  black  w I  in,^^'nious^'  "lived.  'I'lie  caciipie,  enter- 
ing <»n  board  of  flu*  ship.  dN  '  presents  uinon;j;  the 
crew,  and  thus  addressed  the  A  ... 

"  I  have  heard  of  the  irresistibl-  ^f  fliy  soverei^ms, 

and  of  thtMuriy  nations  tliou  hast  ,  ..uetl  in  their  name. 
Thou  liast  destroyed  the  dwellings  of  the  Caril)s,  slayini,' 
their  warriors,  and  carryinu:  their  wives  and  childi'eii  into 
captivity.  All  the  islands  are  in  dread  of  thee,  for  who  <-au 
>vi(lisfand  thee,  now  that  tiioii  kiuuvest  tht*  secrets  of  the 
hind,  and  the  weakness  of  the  i)eopIe^  Hather,  theiefore, 
than  thou  shouldst  take  away  my  dominions,  I  will  embark 
with  all  my  household  in  thy  sliips,  and  will  j^jo  to  render 
lioma.i^e  to  thy  kinj;-  and  (pu'cu,  and  behold  thy  country,  of 
which  1  hear  such  wonders."  When,  h(»wever,  Colinnbus 
beheld  the  wife,  the  s(ms  and  daujihters  (»f  the  <'acique,  and 
considereil  to  what  ills  they  would  be  exposed,  he  was 
touched  with  couipassion.  and  determined  not  to  take  tliem 
from  theii'  native  land.  He  received  the  cacitpu'  under  his 
protecticm  as  a  vassal  of  hi.s  .sovereij^ni.s,  but  dismissed  him  for 


CJllUSTOrJU-.l!  I OlAMIirs. 


Ii:> 


l!ssut»<l«'  lilm 
to  .liiiiiirKii, 

!•(  its   SOIIlll 

I'ut  Itjiy.    lit' 

il    liltc    linlll 

t    rln'  span 
vniKiuisliiiii;- 

W^'I'C    lliul*'!' 

ImmiIh  of  tli(! 
Iiaiidsomcly 
I  liis  lainily, 
III,  t\V(i  soils, 
tlicir  jfwt'ls, 
iiiid  inaiitl(>s 
stooil  ill  tilt) 
lifi'  Indians, 
»'d  lriini|M'ts 
('i(|in\  cidcr- 
<  .iliion^'   the 

y  sovereigns, 
tlieir  name. 
ril»s,  slaying 
'liildreii  into 
,  for  who  can 
ecrets  oi'  the 
e»l',  tlierefore, 
will  enibiirk 
^{)  to  render 
;  conntry,  of 
»r,  ColinnbnM 
caciqiif,  and 
)sed,  he  was 
to  take  them 
lie  under  his 
lissi'd  him  for 


Ww  pr»»senf,  promisin^r  that  at  Nonnt  fiitiu'e  time  he  \\o;dd 
retiiinand  Ki"''ly  his  wishes. 

After  jeavini;-  .lamaiea,  he  coasted  the  whole  of  the  sonth 
ern  side  of  Ilayti,  and  experienced  ^'leal  liaidship-  in  a 
Htorm,  which  ra^ed  for  several  days.  The  weather  having 
moderated,  \w  set  sail  eastwaid.  with  the  inieiiiion  oi  com 
pletiiej,'  the  discovery  of  til'  Cariltb.'e  islands.  The  raliLrne. 
ho«\ever,  wliich  he  had  siiifeied.  Ixilh  in  mind  aiKl  liody, 
lhroim;liont  his  voyage,  had  secretly  preyed  upon  his  health; 
and  the  late  tempest  had  kept  him  in  a  fever  ol'  anxiety. 
lie  had  shared  the  hardships  of  the  cuMun  lai'si  sailor,  nay 
more,  for  the  sailor,  after  the  laliors  of  his  watch,  slept 
Noiindly,  wdiile  the  anxious  coinmandei-  had  to  niaiiii;nn  a 
constant  vi^dl,  through  I<»n;j:  stormy  ni^ihis.  Indeed,  it  is 
said,  the  Admiral  had  no  sleep  for  l/ilrli/hrt  days.  'I'lie 
moment  lie  was  lelieved  from  all  sdliciinde.  and  found  him- 
self in  a  trampiil  sea,  hoth  mind  and  hody  sank  exhausted 
l)y  aln»ost.  sniierhiiman  exertions,  lie  fell  into  a  tieep  letli- 
ar;ry,  resenil)lin^f  death  itself.  His  crew  feared  that  death 
was  really  at  hand.  They  altandoiied.  therefore,  all  farther 
prosecution  of  the  voyage,  and  spi'eadin;;'  their  sails  to  a 
favorable  hree/e  from  the  east,  bore  (,'oliiinbiis  back,  in  a. 
.state  of  complete  insensibility,  t<(  the  harbor  of  Isabella.' 

When  the  venerabhf  .Admiral  returned  to  conscionsness. 
he  f(»iind  his  brotlirr  IJarlholoinew  slandini;-  by  his  bed. 
Bartholomew,  who,  it  will  be  remembered,  was  sent  to  Va\)x,- 
land,  seems  to  have  met  witli  many  delays  before  he  arrived 
at  the  I'aiulish  court ;  but  In  was  kindly  received  by  Henry 
Vll.,  and  assistance  in  the  i»rosecnti(»n  of  his  design  was 
actually  promised,'    On  his  way  to  bear  the  good  tidings  to 

'  Irvinu'. 

'  HMrtliiilnnicw  ColnmhnH  li>ft  I.NIinn  1W  to  u'o.  nn  Itic  nnrf  of  til"  lirnihiT.  to  propoT  to  Itn- 
klnu  of  KnL'limil  tlir  project  of  (ll-iroviTV.  which  «ii»  njicliil  liy  l'iiilii:.'iil.  'I'lir  ►hip  he  i-iiili'cl  In 
«im  I'liptiiiiMl  liy  plr.ilr",  who rolili "il  hlin  of  evcnllilnir.  iiml  h'fl  him  on  iin  iiiikiwuxu  -liorc.  Kof 
n  Ion::  llii\c' all  hU  I'ncTL'V  win  tiikmi  to  proriire  the  iiecfs-ijirlr-i  of  life,  luiil  rcMiew  hi"  warilro'<i' 
to  I'lTcet  hi"  vo.vaiie.  He  "pi'iit  several  .vear"  in  an  nnprolllahli'  lahor  -in  eoiHirnelhe.'  "plieie«  iciil 
flriiwiiiL'  I'harl"  for  mariner"-- before  he  roiilil  "ueeeeil  In  reaehhii;  the  (  o,i«l  of  Kiiu'lanil.  There, 
he  had  llr«t  to  learn  the  laiiL!uni;e  of  the  eoniilr.v,  to  pnnlile  for  the  rman"  of  exi-lenie  to  olilaiii 
the  eonntenanie  of  "Oine  patron",  anil  to  learn  the  n"ai;e"  and  ethpielte  of  rlu'  eoiirt.  It  wa" 
onl.v  In  till-  miildle  of  tin"  .vear  It!i.J  that  he  otiliilneil  an  ainlienee  of  Kire.;  Henry  Vll.  The  nion- 
ordi  liked  the  plan.    To  inake  the  proof  more  "'rlklnj,',  Hartlioloinew  puliili'il  an  atlu".     Ills  rea- 


l*?ft 


(  hi: IS  TO  nil: II  roi.r  \iii  i  's. 


lih  bintli.T,  hf   li.'iir.l   ill    I'liiis   Jliut   Ml.'  .'Xp.'.llHnn   uim 

nliiMily  nil  i npIlHli.'l  l';icl.  iiii-l  tin-  l-'iviidi  Kin.-:  iviTi\.'.l 

liiiii  >villi  lii^ili  Ii.iik'IiiikI  iissIsIimI  him  UIm'IuII.v  wiili  i h'V. 

Ilf  UiiH  wi'lcniH'd  willi  u|.tii  iniiiH  iit  tin'  Spiuihli  r<»(irl.  iiinl, 
us\u>  was  hiins.'ir  iiiM'X|i"rl«'tin'il  niivi;?at«»r,  lu' wiis  put  in 
cniiiiii.iinl  of  tlnvf  vPMHfls  whicli  wi'iv  Nlailiim'  wUU  sup- 
pli.'^.  His  iinival  was  vfiy  upiioilinii-.  I'<»r  lliniii;li  .laiiu'S 
('..liuuli.H  was  a  III  ist  csiimal*!)'  man.  In*  wuh  not  Itunu'il  by 
nalni''  Tm'  <'(».'|'i'1ii;j,'  illscontiMitt'il  splrltH, 

llirtlii.liimi'W,  tin  tlit>  runliary.  was  a  man  of  pnwfiTiil 
riaaii'  aii<l  iiiilM-mlin,.;-  will.  UiiMwintx  'ty  iiilnilinii  ili<>  mo- 
iiiftit  I'm-  acli-Mi.  ami  sfiilviiij,'  r.-ailfssly.  II.'  had  imi  tin' 
p'lifhnt'ssiif  hisjrivat  biotlnT,  fli.'  Admiral,  lait  his  manly 
virluf,  (hinnth'SH  natnn-,  and  p'liuim'  nihility  (»!'  chaiactir 
niadi-  ainplt'  aiin'iids  fur  sdiiii-  harshness  oC  niaiiiH'r  and 
dffri't  ui"  rt'lini'Mifni.  AllliMiiih  In'  was  a  dfvoicd  I'allinlic, 
with  Mnlliii.'hin^'  faith  and  Ikuk'mI  jiii'ty.  tlif  nmn!  spiritual 
^ifts  (»f  the  intfiior  lifi'  wciv  rather  bi'ytmd  his  appreriatiitn. 
.lames  was  naturally  of  a  studious   tun.,     lie  revered    Ids 

hrotlii'r  Christopher  as  a  s nd  father,  and  lo(»ked  upon  ir 

as  a  «'all  from  Heaven  t<»  help  him  in  whatever  way  he  could. 

Christopher,  thaukiii;^'  (»od  for  sending;'  him  the  Inave  and 
iioltle  Hartholoaiew  at  that  critical  conjuncture,  at  once 
i'ppeiiited  him  AiIiIhiiIikIo  or  (Joveriior,  and  put  all  tli.* 
power  into  his  hands  durinn  his  own  convalescence.  Dur- 
ing' the  live  months  of  Ids  ahseiice  the  alVaiis  of  the  colony 
had  ;rrowii  all  hut  desper.itt'.  If  any  proofs  w.'ie  wantiuLT 
of  till-  Admiral's  rema;kai)le  aliility  to  •iovern,  it  mi;j,ht  \w 
fouml  ill  the  invariable  <'onfusionwliich  marked  hisahseiiee, 
Tim  woniler  is  not  that  «tne  tnuiMe  followed  another  till 
ruin  sttiri'd  tlx^  Spaniards  in  the  face,  but  that  disciplino 
could  have  ever  been  maintained  at  all  anioii.u;  such  wild 
and  reckle.sH  libertines. 


Hoiiiiii;  WM-  »o  c  Mir  mill  roiivlnrlni;  tliaf  lli  •  Kill',' wcI.mhii-'I  iIm'  |m.l.'Cl.  iiiiil  i'mIit.mI  on  tho 
|irrliiiiiimrir«iif  a  irnily  williiiliii.  Uarlliolnnicw  (lr|iailr.l  liiimr.ll  ili'ly  t"  i-ii'k  lil»  lirolliiT.— 
I'liiiiil  ill  /^in/ii". 

Ir\lii«  lliink-lliat  llirlli<pli)iiii'\v  roliimliim  «ii«  mil  '•  liluhly  I'llunitcil."  liiit  «<•  (in-  ii"t  miro 
lli;il  iii:iiiy  i.r  llii'  'lilL'li'y  iMliiiali'd"  |ii'i)|>U'  iif  our. lay  can  "ixak  f.iillii.  Ilnliiiii,  IKtHnijuo'ii,  Dai^ 
Ui,  Kiiij'i'h,  an  1  ■>>>; (/ii«/i,  an  Count  lU-  l.'ir;;u>s  ai^suri'i.  ui<  UarllioliiiiU'W  could. 


'lilt Ion  wn« 
II.'.'  rcn-ht'd 
.  illl  Mlii||t>y. 
riiiii't,  :ili(i, 
wiiM  put  ill 

;•   witll   i^llp- 

iii^ll  ihitiifS 

luiuu'tl  l»y 

if  |MI\Vt'lTllI 
oil     lllf     IIIO- 

i:i(I  lliit  tliM 
t  lih  iiiuiily 
>l'  cliiiincti-r 

IIMIIIMT    iiml 

I'. I  Catlinlic, 
irt>  Mpiiiiiial 
|ip!-ct'i:iti()ii. 
icvcifd  l;is 
ki'il  upon  ir 
nv  he  roiild. 
w  ln'iivt'  :iiiil 

III',    ilt     olK'i' 

put   all    tli.> 

•clicc.      Dllf- 

tlii'  culoiiy 

.I'll'  waiitiii;^ 

it   ini;j,ht  lie 

his  alisciKM', 

another  till 

it  discipline 

<i  siicli  wild 


I'/inrsrnr/rHii  mi.t  miha. 


m 


mill  I'MliT'il  oM  t!io 
MC'k  IiIh  lirDtlicr.— 

lilt  Hc  lire  mil  Kiiro 
til.  I\)it'i!iiit/-i),  Darif 
d. 


W»'  nvn«<f  now  fnrn  «»iir  attrnilun  to  anotln-r  nITalr.  Pt'tci* 
Maixaiilf  li'ft  l-'urt  St.  'riiniiins,  us  lind  i'l-cii  niiaiipd.  In  tl  •« 
liands  of  Ojt'ilii,  hill  with  that  on*'  art  lii>  ohrdiilKr  iiah  il. 
ItiHtfad  orinaliiiiK  th«>  pifsrrilifd  pi'n;jrif!>iN  iniitid  the  MmimI, 
Im'  (|i's<'»'ii(h'd  Into  thf  Ixaiitifiil  \allfy.  and  ilirii'  mI  tin* 
•  'vanipli'  III  his  suldii'is  <.r  imiv  M'idid  vhf,  till  i|:«>  loni* 
Indian- o"  ihu  l{o\al  IMain  in  iln-ii-  turn  h'jiinrd  to  hati-  tl.o 
vt'i-y  nnnn  of  Spaniaid.  Tln-n,  l»'iilll«d  to  thitik  of  what  h«» 
had  dont',  he  conccitrd  with  tin-  In-lpof  Kailnr  Mod,  t«» 
uhoin  <»r  ronrse  he  did  not  icxcnl  his  own  niiMJct  ds,  a  rhm- 
dt'Ntint'  d»'|iailnn'  to  l-aiiopc  for  the  purpose  of  lepieMinii:;^ 
to  the  sovereigns  the  miseries  which  the  niispiveitiiiieiil  of 
ColninlMis  had  Inouuht  npon  the  poor  d«  hided  co|oni>is  jiinl 
the  poor  pi'iseciited  Indians  I 

This  was  the  k»'II''I'iiI  policy  of  the  ei>einits  of  ('oliinilnis. 
My  their  own  woeful  niiscoinlnct  they  nnide  peace  and  ^on<l 
order  irnpossii»le,  and  then  they  d<  inanded  that  In  ^lll  n!«l 
1)1-  i>unished  for  (htir  ini«piities.  The  Itlackest  feature  in 
Mar;,rarile's  dark  villainy,  is  his  base  jn^'iatitiide.  ('oininhiiH 
had  treated  him  with  marked  kindness,  and  had  written  in 
his  hehalf  to  procure  the  favor  of  Isaliella  for  the  wife  anil 
diildren  left  in  Sjiain  l»y  the  Kiiii:ht  (d'  St.  .lanies. 

l-'alher  Moil  was  «'asily  persuaded  that  it  was  his  i\n\y  to 
inform  the  crown  <d'  what  was  piin^' on  in  the  colony,  ami 
when  ('<tlnml»iis  returned  to  Isahella,  the<le.serteishad  niado 
^'ood  their  fli;iht  in  the  ships  which  l)roii;;ht  Martholoniew 
('(diimlais.  James's  authority  had  Ikm  n  dopjscd  from  the 
lirst  hy  the  hidalgo  faction.  Mar-iarile  h  d  not  even  cared 
to  deleuale  his  commatid.  The  soldiers  were  .sinldeiily  left 
withoii.  any  ^'eneral,  and  could  not  Ioii;,M-onceal  tiairweak- 
ness.  Ten  Spaniards  were  killed  in  one  plac*-.  and  forty 
more  were  hiirnt  in  a  hospital  hy  order  of  (Jiiati^^^nana,  a 
va.ssal  of  ({iiarionex.  If  Father  i?oil  had  remained  at  hi.s 
liost,  he  wonld  have  seen  with  his  own  eyes  a  siillicient 
I>roof  of  the  innocence  of  ({iiacana^ari.  whom  he  laid  wished 
to  pnnish  for  the  massacnj  of  La  Navidad.  This  laillifnl 
thief  now  cam"  unhidden  to  visit  ('olnmlms,  and,  slandin;,' 
hy  his  sick-bed,  informed  him  of  the  coalition  of  all  tho 


IW 


ennis vunitit  mi.  run r* 


roHi  l.lrii  .bnif.    t'.ioii.iho  Im-I  nm.l.-  u  li.-til.-  liMiii-inii  l.il.. 
I.Ih  imlioiy.una  tli.-  I..-I..s..ir;,.i.lliiu  vui.  l-rt  uii...uu  it... 

"r'.li.iulM..  ulio  u.iH  iin.|nul.t..ny  ih..  l.-.Mlintf  ^plilt  In  .ill 
Dim  Waii.l.  nill.-l  IiIh  w.inl..is  fnjr.'tli.r  nii.l  ni..v..l  in  M,  . 
ntr.i.'U  ..r  |.'.Mf  sr.  TliM.naH:  h.,t  njr.b  wu.  u  ivul  MoM.-i. 
„„.!  wuH  ..„  1,1.  u.u.nl.  II.-  nu,lui.m....l  Ktrkt  .Ih.lpl  ii.- 
wUhli.  til..  r...t.  ...il  l.y  |H.tNn„!il  li,H,H..-Hnn  K..nir..a  til.,  vlul 
l,ni,.,.  of  III!  iii.l.'f  l>lii«.  r:..Hi.ilM..  lln.llMU  It  I.M||..-II. ..  .. 
..iin.Hs..  Iiim  l.v  .liiy  ..i   niJit.  i.»'.k  iii.u.mI  ,Mm.r..l..ii  uf  tli.. 

Hun i.liiiu'  «  •  .1-*  "'••l  tii.-.l  to  Miiiv..  II..'  ^tlmU>u,    nj...l;. 

,,.lur.'.l  111.-  ull-wiui. r  f.»<.  I.  iiii.l.  w'1/l..tf  l.h  oppoitiinl  y. 

11,;,.!..  \i.f...<.,i-.  Mulll's.  wlil.-h  .vHt  C.M.t.alM.  II...  I....v...t  ..r  l.i-j 

in.-it    till    til"  Inliiiii   Hil.-r iiviM I    tlixt    Mtmnilii^'   aii-l 

^hirviii-  w.-iv  ..(i.ially  linp.l.-ss,  <l.:-,uiip..a  ul    ll».-  ''ml  ••» 

nintii,Miaiu  wuH  niiHW..|-.il.l.'  f.H-  th-  .l-afh  <.f  ninny  ^pa. 
hinhi.M.I  n.nl.l  n-.r  1...  •.I1..w.m|  Iu  tr-.  .inpiinisl..-l.  nj.-l . 
^o<.M  m.-i  lilin  InoiM'i.lh-lil.nii.l  i-ait.-a  liiMiiniyaiid  look  many 
...isoii.Ts.  I.iil  .ii.l  nui  raptur..  th.'"  rli.-r  lilmsplf.  Tlnu 
rnlmi.lMis.  with  pnlitl<.  ni..|ry,  n.a.l.'  p.-an.  uitl.  ^Jiiaiiun-N. 
ivfii^in;.'  t.»  li.'l.l  liini  r".Hp..nsil.l..  f..r  ili..  mis.l.-.-.h  ..r  Iim 
,.11'H.nlinaf.-.  l.nt  li"  als..  t.M.k  i-aiv  I..  LniM  ll..- stn'iiv'  l..it- 
iM-ssuf  ('„n'-r,>rinH.  tliat  li.'  n.i.Lil.t  I"'  pn-pai.-.l  f..r  nny  lU'W 
his.im-i-tion  in  iIm'  V.';ra;  fm-  with  Cannal...  niid  (Jiiati>xiiaiia 

Mtlll  lit  hlTK*',  p.- "'"hi  n..f  l'«-  (h-rn.i'.l  NffiM*'. 

S.M.n  aft.-i-  ihiH  Oj.'-la  .'x.'ciit.-.l  ••n«'  *>f  th.-  most   darinu' 

stiata-'.-nis  ..n  i nl.     H-  \\.'nt  with  nim-  ravalhTH  h.  s.-.-k 

Ciionah.,  in  th.-  n.i.lst  of  his  own  p.-«.|.h'.  H"  pnm.isr.l  t.. 
l„.stow<.n  him  no  h'ss  n  ^'ift  than  th- An-.-hin  b.'ll  nl  l-..il 
St.  Th. mi  IS.  whirh  was  siipp..H...|  to  hav  th..  p.nv.-r  to  <•..]• 
hM-t  a  multitiKl..  I>v  th.'  souikI  of  iis  v.mv.  if  Im-  w.aihl  cm..' 
to  Isal...|la.  an.l  nlak-  t.'iins  with  ('..liimlmH.  Tin'  <.ir..r  was 
t.M.  t.-mptiii-.  ami  Cmmnlm  a«iv..(l  to  pi.  Imf  h.-  insisfd  on 
takin;r  a  laiir..  army  with  him.  <>n  th.-  man-h  Oj.-.la  p.'r 
sna.h-.l  th.'  <-hi.'l'  t'»  m<.iint  h.-himl  him.  ami  liavra  ii«l.' on 
tho  i.roml  wal•-hor^s«.,  whi.h  had  so  ofti'U  cxcitod  his  iidmi- 


tuiiisrorithii  loi.t  w/it'M. 


nn 


i'IIIhIiiii  Into 
!   iilihitiu  ttit* 

Npllit  ill  nil 
liiM'il  ft)  till* 
I'I'llI     MuMU'f, 

I'l   «ll«»f||.lln.' 
nv<|  III*'  viui- 

Ill|iu>-<|lit)*    In 
i>-<'«iiilt  of    til)' 

htiii.  OJi'mIu 
«)p|tiiitiitiU>% 
ltiin»'«»t  of  Ills 
itoinihi;;  uiiil 
llif  t'lid  itt 

m    I 

f  tunny  >^i>:i:v 

islir.l.      Ojt'ih 

11(1  i«i(»U  Misiiiy 
Itnscll'.    TIm'Ii 

h    HllMlitlllfX, 

sdtM'ds  itl'  liin 
It'  stiiuijr  I'oit- 
I  for  iitiy  lU'W 
id  (iiiiiti^niiuiii 

•  most  diiiitViX 
lidici's  fo  srt'k 
Ic  pnmdscd.  to 
isIm'II  ..I'  Koif 

•  powrr  to  cul- 
lit'  would  collif 

Tilt'  «»lT«'r  was 
lie  ilisi«<tt'd  oil 
l-ch  ()ji''dii   pt'l'- 

hnvt'  a  rid<'  on 
rltcd  liis  suliiil- 


fiTtlon.  Ifi»n?ifttl|>iifid  III)  tliiiitrt'i-  wltU  hU  army  r«nMi»!  Idm. 
iiimI  ulaill\   Mttf|.t.'tl  till'  olffi.     Oj.'du   iiiiiilf  II    tiw   «|it|..i 

«illi  liltdt'llKlitf.l  rapflvi',  iM'fort'  tl \i'^  or  all  tin-  liidialiH, 

iiml  iIm'Ii  w't  n\>mn  hi  tin-  ImrHf,  wlillf  tUv  dili.r  nualli'rx, 
flosiiiy;  III  with  tlif  iliifat  of  hi'ttaiit  dfatli,  Mi-curt'ij  ('atmalitt, 
iitid  till*  tai<l  v\as  "•iitft's^tfnllN  at't'iim|i|i<.||i'd. 

From  that  timf  Taoii  alio  had  tlif  moot  tiitliiMlaxtJi'  revcr 
•'tin'  for  flii<  liruvi*  Ojt''  1 1,  hi  flu.  |irf<«frii'f  of  ('oliiminiH,  tlio 
lonlly  «avai.'«*.  Iiowfvi'r,  uniild  not  y:h».  iIh' Mliylifi'ti  •.lyn  i.r 
ri"»|MM'f.  Iiiit  wlifii  ()ji''da  <'iitiTfd  tilt'  room,  lif  Km.,  nt  tuiri. 
tti-Haliilf  lilt'  man  who  lunl  daifd  to  <!iiiy  lijm  oir  In  o|m'ii 
tiny  Willi  nil  his  wiiirlors  looUlm;  <.m.  Ilh  i-oiuaK*'  wns  not 
yi'f  ••xhansfi' I.  Hit  scoulfl  di'flanct'  at  ihi'  SpanlanU— 
Oji''.|:i  iilways  I'xccptt'd  and  ul'iiii-d  in  tin-  ilt'>.tnnl|..n  of 
La  Navidail,  l»oa«*tinu  nioifintr  that  hf  had  ln'cii  prouliiiji; 
i-oiind  JHalii'lla  with  the  iiiti'iit  to  strlki'  n  lilou  t.f  t||i>  sanif 
kind  thi'if.  ColiiinlMis  Ircati-d  him  ns  kiinlly  us  was  ftm- 
Ni>i"nt  with  Hi\\'i>  ciistotly,  and  Impi-.I  to  ^Au  that  pnaid 
spirit  to  .li"HiiM  Clirist,  Huhdiiiiiy,'  it  lirst  by  flu-  sjil'iidor  of 
Castilian  royalty,  and  thi'ii,  in  tlif  stivnufli  nf  ('Iiri>tiati 
rharity,  It-adin;^  It  forvvaitl,  mi'i'k  and  hiimliif,  to  thf  waters 
of  Maptism. 

It  ninsi  have  I n  a  rt'lifl'  foi-  tln'  moment  tti  have  ('.loii.il  n 

safi'.  lint  wlit'ii  thf  llrst  iisionishmi'nt  of  tlit-  Indian^  hail 
sniisidi'd,  flii'ir  hostility  only  iM'caini'  niori'  hlttor;  for  Mnni- 
'•nofi'x.  till'  lirotht'i-of  the  caplnri'd  raritpii'.who  had  aj'suincd 
his  authority,  shari'd  alsi  his  m.irtial  spirit,  and  Irii-d  to 
oixrani/.i' a  ^I'ln'ral  risin'^td'  flu'  tril»'s  for  Ids  ri'li'asf.  (iiui- 
canaLtari  alone,  as  before,  refnsi««l  to  a[»pear  to  the  summons, 
not  from  love  of  the  Spaniards,  luit  from  [tersonal  attarli- 
inent  to  Colnm'ais. 

Till' arrival  of  Anthony  de  Torres  wilh  four  shiploads  of 
provisions  improved  the  coadition  of  aJfairs.  lie  was  the 
liearer  of  u  fxv.u  ions  li-tter  tV  »m  Isa'u'llji  I'skinir  llu'  Admiial 
either  to  come  !  imsi'lf,  .»  to  send  his  broiher  Maitholomi-.v 
or  sumi-  one  w'lom  'le  jnd;;ei(  competent,  to  be  present  at, 
tlie  tinal  atljudii-tioii  of  a  boim>1aiy  line  to  se[iarate  the  pos- 
sesMons  of  Spain  and  Portugal,     t'olmnbus  wu.s  .still  ill  in 


Ui 


emus  ropiiFM  col  i  .vu  I's. 


,„,,    narthulonu'w  couUl  «»n  im  a.r.n.nt  1..'  spared,  so  .Tan.o. 
was  sent  t.M-ount..m..t  as  far  as  pussihl.  th.  "''^'yi'';-'' ''; 

hinUiv..  l.undivd  Indian  luisuneis,  to  l.c  dealt  with  ai   the 
discretion  ol'  tiie  snveiei<;ns.  ,.    ,     t    i-       i     i 

Tsahella,  l.esi<les  wri.in,-  to  her  Vie..roy  <d-  the  Tnd.es   had 
sent  a  letter  to  the  euhmists,  bidding  then,  obey  l''''' ;'; 
wonhl  herself.     These  two  h-tte.s  wonld  .h.  n>o.e  ^^^^^ 
attendan.-e  t,.  help  the  eonvaleseen.v  o    ^<'l'   '  '  "    ' 
,„a  he  nundly  re,.i.t -d  Ids  ln.altl^  snlln.en,  y   o  lu.^^^.^^n^ 

tak..  the  r.el.l  in  pe.s.n  aj:aiMst  the  eonlech-.ate  ....  iqu  s 
All  the  eir.rtive  lo.r.^  he  nndd  n.ust.T  anionn te.l  to  luo 
C  ndred  infa.Ury,  twet.ty  horsen.en,  ..n.l  a  lew  lornn.al  .- 
l,l,„„lhonn.ls,  while  wunl  was  luon^ht  that  a.i  >•''''';-'; 
titnde  fn.m  all  pa.ls  ..[  the  populous  .slan.l  was  f^^'^^^^ 
the  Hoval  IMain  within  two  day's  n.airh,  iva.ly  to  bn.s 
upon  tin:  httle  town,au.l  sweep  away  the  handful  ot  detested 

'"TluM^-ime  of  th.«  Spanlanls  l.ad  put  all  conriliation  out  of 
the  <p.esti..n,  an.l  ("..lund.us,  fo.red  by  self-.h-fenee  f.  be- 
oonu.  a  ..onquerer,  assun.ed  the  olVensive.  le  ".arche.l  .. 
with  his  brother  I5ai-th.don.ew.  Ojeda,  at  the  hea.l  ol  h.s 
twenty  h<.rse,  was  a  host  in  hi.ns.df.  The  infantry  atta.-ked 
in  twi.  divisi.ms,  and  OJ.'mIi  .-aine  down  like  a  whi.hv.ud. 
Th.'  In.lians,  in  spite  ot  their  n.nnbei-,  tied  i.anie-struek, 
yieldii."-  to  the  res.dute  little  band  of  Europeans  an  .-asy 
vietory?  which,  if  we  ai-e  to  con.paiv  the  nnn.bers  en-auv.! 
on  l)..th  sides,  /nm  I,  ii  ml  red  nwii  a.ijainst,  it  is  said,  our  hun- 
dred fh'»n:i>id,  nr.iy  w.dl  be  call.'d  wonderful.  The  cam- 
T)aisn  was  thus  virtually  ended. 

(Iuac:.na<'.;ari  was  present  at  the  battle  as  an  ally  of  the 
Spaniards,' but  he  t.M)k  no  active  part  in  the  fi.s^ditin.u-.  Tins 
encounter  convim-ed  the  native  ])rinces  that  it  was  vain  to 
stru"-<de  with  their  fate,  and  even  ^fanicaot.^x  sued  lor 
pea('v.  (iuarionex  was  a  second  time  admitted  to  pardon. 
Colund)us  passed  round  the  island,  crushins  with  the  hell) 
ot  Oi.Mla  anv  lin<ierin-  spirit  of  resistance,  and  the  subjuga- 
tion was  nearly  completed.   Only  the  most  western  province 


ciiiiisToniEii  coi.iMins. 


12."! 


I,  so  .TiUiii'S 

<|'»'lt|TM'llt!l- 

'  look  with 
with  :il   \\w 

Indies,  hiid 
liiiii  iis  they 
>  ihtiii  nmi'fi 

ColmnlMis, 
()  be  iililt'  to 
tf  CiicitiUfS. 
iitt'd  to  hvo 

l'(»niii<hd)l(!! 
inu'iisi'  iMuI- 
,  liatht'icd  ill 
dy  t(»  burst 

I  of  deti'istt'd 

i;iti(»n  out  of 
>r('iict'  to  be- 
iiiiirchi'tl  out 
licad  of  his 
itry  iittiU'kcd 

II  whiilwiud. 
pimic-struck, 
I'iins  iiu  ciisy 
IxTS  t'U.iiiiii'ed 
lid,  one  hidh 
1.    The  cuni- 

n  ally  of  the 
Thtin.u'.  Tills 
t  was  vain  to 
\o\.  sued  for 
»d  to  pard(»n. 
villi  the  1h'1i> 
I  tho  subju^-a- 
tern  province 


of  Xara^'ua  was  I.'fr  iiiivisiti'd,  iind  n.-hecliic,  wh..  ruN'd 
ovrr  it.  luaiiitaiiit-d  his  in<l.>iM.ndpiir.>  f,,r  u  little  tim,-  lou<;<  r. 
His  sister,  the  celebrated  Aiiacaciia,  the  wife  of  ('a<.n:7b,., 
had  taken  ,vf,i,i.-e  at  his  coiirt,  l>uf  althoiiuh  her  husband 
had  be.-n  s..  n.UMhly  handled  by  the  Spaniards,  sh.-  bon; 
them  no  ill  will. 

(^.hlnlbns  had  been  forced  in  spite  of  hinis<.|f  (o  become  :i 
compieror,   but    however  rebietantly  he  had   -(.ne  t(.  war, 
now  that  the  war  was  over  he  reco-nized  the  altered  state  of 
tlmi.us.     The  Indians  were  no  longer  open-hearted  friends 
but  beab-n  and  sullen  b.es.     They  liad,  iin.ler  i.rovocatioil 
assuredly,  but  not  on  (hat  account  less  trnlv,   intended  to 
waiie  a  war  of  extermination.     They  had  been  delVated  and 
niusf  i)ay  the  ih-nalty.     Cobnnbus  laid  the  cacicpies  under 
trii)ule.  and  li.ved  a  certain  (piantify  of  u'old-dust  to  be  le'Mi- 
larly  collected.     The  ])oov  Indians,  who  had   never  known 
what  real  hard  labor  was  till  then,  felt  that  an  nnsupporta- 
ble  yoke  had  been  fastened  upon  their  necks,  and  jiioaned 
inspirit  as  they  <■;! zed  n])on  the  urim  foitrcvsses  and  knew 
too  surely  that  th.'  hated  strangers  did  n(,r  mean  t.i  -o  away 
apin.     In  (h's])erati<m  tln-y  desisted  from  the  little Cnltiva- 
tion  of  th(^  s(»il  which  had  sufliced  to  satisfy  their  needs; 
'•'.It  tliou.nh  they  inllicbMl  some  sufferim;-  on  the  Spaniaids, 
tliey  sulfered  far  moie  themselves  from  so  suicidal  a  meas- 
ure.    Out  of  this  reu'ular  apportionment  of  tiibute  uiew  in 
process  of  time  the  divadful  system  of  njiiirli iiihiif o.s.' 

^b'anwhile  Fathei'  l^oil  and  Maraaiite  were  busily  defatn- 
ip.u*  Columbus  to  i)rotect  th(  niselves.  They  charued  him 
witli  r.iskinu:  the  community  with  excessive  hdioi-  during  a 
time  of  treneral  sickness  and  debility;  witli  stojiijing  tlie 
rations  of  individuals  on  the  most  triliin.u'  ])]ete.xt,  to  the 
great  detriment  of  their  health  ;  with  wantonly  intlicting 
severe  coi-poral  ])unislinients  on  the  common  i)eop]e,  and 
with  lieaping  indi<rniti<>s  on  Spanish  Gentlemen  of  rank. 
They  said  nothinu:,  however,  of  the  exigencies  which  had 
called  for  nnnsual  labor,  nor  of  the  idleness  and  profligacy 
of  the  commonalty,  which  required  coercion  and  chastise- 


•  Piirtition?  or  dliJtrlbutions,  especially  of  slaves. 


l"i(5 


aiiusToriii.n  vol iwfuvs. 


„„.,„.  H.,r  ..!•  thr  s...litio.is  rabals(.r  iho  Spanish  cavah-.s, 
vvh..  Iia.l  bwn  tmittnl  with  in.lul-.'i.r..  lath.-r  than  syvciiiy. 
In  M.l.lith.n  f..  thHs..  (.m.plaints,  tli.'V  ivp.vs.Mih'.l  ihr  stal.. 
„l-n,nlnsi.m..f  th.' islan.l.  in  n.ns...in.Min.  of  the ahsrn.v  ..| 
th.'  A.lrniial  and  ihr  nn.vitainty  whirl,  pivvaih-l  c.m.vinin- 
his  fate,  intin.atin-  th.'  i.n.ln.l.ility  uf  his  havm-  ihtisI,..,  in 
his  f.M.lhanly  attrn.ptsto  cxi.h.tv  nnkiu.wn  seas  and  clis- 
cover  nni»ri>:i;alile  lamls. 

Isahrlia.  in   trnlh,  eould  not  h.it  M  her  snhhn.e  eonh- 
(h'liee  in  Coln.nl.ns  soinewl.at  shalven  l.y  the  apparently  dis- 
intereste.l  statement  of  u  man  of  th.-  n-i.ntath.n  an.l  lanlc  .. 
tiie   Vi.".r-Apost..li.-.      It  s.M-n,.'.l   rl.'ar   that   tin'   alh.irs   ..L 
llispani..la  iv,piin>.l  investi-atu.n   in   any  ease,  and  li    th.' 
A.hniral  ha.l  ivally  p.'fish.-d  at  s.-a.  it  h.'.-ain.'  (h.nMy  iie.-es- 
sarv  to  take  strin-ent  n.easmvs.     A  ll.-et  was  <.n  tlu'  p..int  of 
stai-tin-  with  sMppli.'S  and  F.n.sera  was  ..nh'iv.l  _t..  .-n.-ose 
s..me  tnisiv  ollicer  for  tlie  eoinman.l.  an.l  conin.issi.m  hm.  t.) 
in.iniieintoallahnsesandinaU.^a  fnll  ivp.^t  of  th.-  sam..; 
bnt  if  he  fonnd  that  the  Admiial  had  n-tnrn.'.l  sah'  l-om  his 
voya-.',  h.'  was  not  to  snpersed.'  him  .)r  mteifeio  with  iiis 

antliority.  ,  ,    i    .. . 

\t  this  (•(.njnn.'tni-e  D.m  Jani.'s  anived,  an.l  not  cnly  »).>ie 
witness  to  the  fact  that  TohimLns  was  aliv,  but  fiav  .put.' 
a  new  e..h.nn-,'  t.)  his  ronduet.  Isab.'Ua  -la.lly  admit t.'.l  a 
iiioiv  favorable,  jiidiiinent.  and  tlu'  royal  or.hTs  wen-  s..  lar 
inodili.'d  that  instead  of  allowin-  Fonseca  t.)  select  Ids  own 
conunisshmer,  .lolin  A.iiimdo,  supposed  t..  be  an  esp.'.-ial 
.  friend  of  C.)rambus,  was  sent  to  asc.Ttain  the  state  of  the 

colon  V. 

\<niado,  like  ^rargarite,  had  experienced  the  niarUe.l 
iavov  of  (\)lnnibns,  and,  like  ^rarjrarite,  retnrned  evil  for 
good.  lb'  had  been  chosen  for  his  ollicewith  the  express 
object  of  soothing,  as  far  as  possible,  the  unpleasantness  of 
the  measures  whi.-h  it  had  been  judged  necessary  to  adopt. 
The  royal  letters  of  credit  were  pompously  vague;  bnt  in- 
stead of  softening  down  their  possible  meaning,  he  pnshed 
it  to  the  extremest  limit. 

Columbus  was  engaged  in  suppressing  a  fresh  revolt  ot 


vmUHTOl'llKR  CO  1. 1  MI!  is. 


L'7 


;1i  (':iv:iH<'is, 
;in  st'vciiiy. 
I'd  I  lie  st;il<' 
(•  al'scnct'  <'!' 
[  (•(iiicciiiinu; 
iH'iislifd  in 
•as  aiul  dis- 

Miiiit'  ('(»nri- 

tart'iiily  dis- 

aiid  lank  nf 

le  alVaiis   »>[ 

and  ir   the 
oiiMy  iH'ccs- 

tlic  jxiint  of 
•d  to  cnoosn 
ission  liini  to 
)l'  til*'  sani<'; 
sale  I'oni  his 
IVro  with  iiis 

not  <»nly  '>on! 

It  fill\  t'  tplitr 
y  admit I'mI  ii 
s  were  so  far 
fleet  Ids  own 
1'  an  ('special 
'  state  of  the 

the  ma  iked 
rned  evil  for 
li  the  express 
easantness  of 
ary  to  adopt, 
igne  ;  bnt  in- 
ig,  he  pushed 

.•esh  revolt  of 


tlie  l)i<illiers  of  Taonalto  when  Auiiado  ai'rived,  ami  seeaied 
to  him,  in  his  pitiful  eoneeil,  to  he  keeping-  out  of  thr  uav 
in  fear  and  treml>ling.  lie  insolently  i-ni^ied  l>on  l*>artli..!o- 
niew's  presence,  eansin^- the  teinis  of  his  appointment  to  he 

proclaii I    with  sound   of  trnmp'i:   ••('avalii-rs,   esipiires, 

and  oiiici'  persons,  who  Ity  oui'  orders  are  in  the  Indies,  we 
sen<l  to  you  John  A,i;ua(io,  our  ,i>ro(»m  of  th.- chandlers,  who 
will  speak  to  you  on  our  part.  We  command  you  to  ;:ive 
him  faith  and  credit."'  Insteail  of  keepinu-  to  his  instruc- 
tions and  collecting'  information,  he  at  once  jiroct'cded  to 
order  numerous  ariests,  and  had  the  presumption  to  send 
olV  a  tro<ip  of  horse  to  lind  the  recreant  N'icerov  in  hi.s 
hidin^A'-phice  and  hrini;- him  to  juduiueiif. 

I'olumlnis  needed  no  summonin.u'.  Ajiiiado  was  i)reparin<^ 
himself  foi'  the  encounter,  and  meant  to  show  who  was 
master.  He  was  cpiite  disconcerted  when  his  noMe  victim 
meekly  siunilied  his  suhmission  to  the  will  cd"  thes(»\t'reimis. 
Accusers  were  numerous,  for  the  star  of  Colnmlius  was 
declining  and  as  soon  as  .Vguado  had  cidlected  enough  evi- 
dence to  achieve  the  final  ruin  (»f  the  (Jeiioese  adventurer  and 
his  upstart  family,  he  pntposed  to  return  to  Spain.  Coliim 
lius  resolved  to  go  with  him.  .Inst  as  they  we je  picparing 
to  start,  the  most  feaiful  storm  in  the  memory  of  man  swept 
over  the  hai'hor,  and  destroyed  all  the  caravels  excejil  the 
Smitd  ('1(11(1,'  which  bore  a  charmed  life. 

While  she  was  being  repaired  for  tin;  Admiral' .sown  u.se, 
and  a  new  vessel  was  building  for  Aguado  from  ihe  wrecks, 
an  oc('iirren<'e  somewhat  fortunate  and  lomantic  took  place. 
One  of  the  Admiral's  young  oHiceis,  Michael  Diaz,  having 
woundeil  a  comrade  in  a  duel,  Hed  for  refuge  to  u  wild  (piar- 
ter  of  the  island.  Over  the  tribe  inhabiting  this  region  thei-e 
reigned  a  young  Indian  female  of  great  beauty,  the  widow  of 
u  caciijne.  She  fell  in  love  with  the  Spaniard,  and  married 
him  ;  Diaz,  though  sincerely  attached  to  lii.s  dusky  bride, 
mourned  in  secret  over  his  own  country  and  Ids  lost  compan- 
ions. Anxious  to  dissipate  his  gloom,  the  affectionate  woman 
learned  from  him  at  length  the  passionate  ardor  with  which 


'  Formerly  the  Xifia, 


\ 


\ 


ciiuisTopiiKii  rni.  rmirfi. 


tin 


r  tliat  tlit'lr 
(ti'd    Ity   tilt! 

vt'i',  sli»'  Im- 
istjItN'  trt'iis- 
is  piirdnii  iif 
rd  iiiin  vvilli 
possession  of 
i'sii:i(lt>(l  tliiit 
Tilt'  liliitt'l'iil 
y.  who  \v;is 
i;i,!J,'<'  received 

0  share  with 

lh(»lonie\v.  111 
Maich,  \VM\. 
id  lioiue-sU'k 

list  contriiry 
veering',  the 
'oinmiinlty  ol" 
id  seem  that, 
i-y.  I'eiliaps 
IS  with  a  mail 
was  still  the 

1  voyaj^e  was 
fiiadalupe  to 
d  start  till  the 


tliat  tlies(>  Indians  in  particular  were  bein^  taken  to  Spain 
expressly  to  be  instructed  and  l)apfized.  lie  added  that  in 
three  days  they  wi.nld  si^'ht  Cape  St.  N'incent.  There  were 
rnanyexperii'nced  seamen  with  him,  not  one  of  whom  agreed 
with  liim  in  this  declaration,  thon<;li  they  were  ulso  wkU-Iv 
at  variance  amon^^  themselves. 

Once  iiKtre,  however,  lie  was  i'i<iht.  ()ti  the  eveninir  of  the 
third  day  the  Admiral  maintained  that  the  land  was  near, 
and  ^^ave  orders  to  take  in  sail  as  a  precaution,  nincli  to  the 
displeasure  (»f  all  his  weary  and  famished  men,  who  loudly 
protested  that  they  could  not  hear  their  sulleriniis  any 
lonjrer,  and  would  far  rather  run  the  risk  of  bein.i;  dashed 
aslwu-e  in  the  <brk  than  submit  to  any  unnecessary  proh.n.ua- 
tion  of  their  crui'I  liun,i;er  Dayli-rht  revealed  Cape  St. 
Vincent,  and,  wifli  an  involuntary  impulse  of  returniir^' 
reverence,  they  recognized  the  .surpassin<,r  skill  of  their  won- 
derful commander. 

The  invalids  in  the  ships  had  experienced  on  the  lon,<; 
v()ya«j:e  the  fatherly  solicitude  (,[  Coiumbiis,  and  many  who 
at  fiist  had  thou<,'ht  favorably  (,f  A.<,niado  liatl  found  out  by 
constant  intercours;!  liis  vanity  and  worlhlessness.  The 
]>ooran(l  the  afflicted,  oppressed  Indians  or  sick  Siianiards, 
always  seemed  to  be  drawn  by  somt?  secret  sympathy  nearer 
in  their  distress  to  the  kind  lieart  of  the  ^Meat  Admhal,  but 
their  friendshij)  was  no  protection  to  liim  a«^-ainKt  the  plots 
and  malico  of  powerful  enemies. 


ions  be^an  to 

beijinnin^'  of 

il;    tliestron-!; 

d  from  beinj; 

IS  permit  this 

he  i)f)or  crea- 

to  lessen  the 

rin,  represent 

be  saved,  and 


I 


i^t^ 


CTIAPTKR   VT. 

A  YKAK  IN   SPA IX. 

Cohtmhiis  an  a  monk  -Art hit!/ of  /tis  ttifrnh's-Of/in  fJif- 
Ilridtiis-Jami's  Fi'rrn-Thv  Admiml  drairs  ftp  lti» 
',Piil—I)r/(U/s,  and  pn/mndhns/o'  another  rot/atji'. 

The  ships  reiiclied  Cadiz  on  tlw  IKli  <»f  .Inn.'.  Cnoniibo 
m'ver  saw  Spain.  Tlic  Admiral  had  hcprd  f<.  win  iiini  l)y 
llie  display  (»f  tlio  ma^iiilicMic"  of  Spanisli  power,  and  tli.'U 
rcstor.'  liini  to  Ids  i'<»rnii'r  inlln.MKv  ti»  Im'  a  nscl'ul  friend, 
bnt  his  wild  natnre  pin.'d  in  <aptivity,  and  tin-  dusky  war- 
rior tli»'d  on  tlu«  voya;;^. 

Tlie  wr«'t«'h»'d  condition  and  dt'j."'t('d  ndcn  of  tlie  starved 
rrpws  continnt'd  tlie  sinister  reports  winch  had  been  widely 
spread,  and  (•oluiid)US  was  once  apiin  in  i>opidar  esteem  a 
visionary,  cheatini!:  himself  and  his  followers  with  k"''!*'" 
dreams.'  His  sanjrnine  anticijtations  were  met  with  a  sneer 
of  incredulity,  iiefore  the  first  voya^^e  his  speculations  had 
appeared  unfounded;  after  the  second  voyajie  his  unde- 
niable discoveries  were  ch'clared  to  be  worse  tlian  useless. 

On  his  arrival  at  Cadiz,  C(.lumbus  sent  to  inform  the  Sov- 
ereigns of  his  return  with  .V^niad<»,  and  then  waited  a  whole 
month  f(n-  their  answer.  It  was  durinj;  this  delay  that  he 
wore  publicly  the  habit  of  St.  Francis.  The  fa<'t  is  incon- 
testable, and  the  motive  eipially  so.  To  a  Protestant  hke 
our  Trvin<r,  the  i(h>a  of  an  Admiral  walkin.u;  about  the  streets 
in  the  cowl  of  a  monk,  with  a  rope  round  his  waist,  was  so 
sins^idar  that  to  save  his  hero's  sanity  he  felt  lumself  bound 
to  suppose  that  this  was  the  fullillment  of  anotiier  of  those 
extravagant  vows  made  at  sea  under  stress  of  weather. 
There  iiTno  mention  elsewhere  (»f  any  su<'h  vow,  and  sensible 
Catholics  do  not  think  a  man  insane  because  he  declares 
130 


I 


cjiRfSTOPnKn  roi.r sinus. 


ini 


—Othi'r  rVtf- 

r/^p.v    lip   IiIh 
•  nti/iKji'. 

e.  ('aoiiii'to 
win  liiiu  l>y 
cr.  iiiid  tlicn 
refill  flit'Ild, 
'  dusky  wiir- 

r  Ihc  stnrved 
Imm'Ii  widely 
diir  cstrt'Tii  iv 
with  f^oldni 
with  a  stuvn* 
'Illations  had 
r<'   liis  imd«'- 
iin  useless, 
forni  the  Sov- 
iiited  a  whole 
lelay  that  he 
fa<'t  is  incon- 
rotestant  like 
lilt  the  streets 
waist,  was  si» 
iiiiself  bound 
tiler  of  those 
1  (»f  weather. 
,  and  sensible 
e  he  declares 


that  he  Is,  or  W(uild  like  to  be.  a  monk,  roliirnbus  had 
ample  Miuse  f.ir  b.'inj,' dis<,niMted  with  the  world  and  its  in- 
gratitude, and  whether  Father  .htlin  Peie/  had  just  returned 
to  hi  Habida,  (tr  had  never  left  if,  Columbus  mi;;ht  possibly 
liiive  wished,  with  the  <'(»nsent  of  his  wife,  to  end  his  days  iii 
the  peace  of  the  cloister;  <»r,  if  he  believed  that  the  llliirrate- 
ful  world  still  needed  his  assistance,  or  felt  with  a  touch  of 
renuM'se  that  his  poor  wife  had  had  already  too  much  to 
NUfTer  on  his  account,  he  nii^dit  have  wished  to  si;;riify  that 
he  was,  as  far  as  the  duties  of  his  state  of  life  permitted,  a 
true  son  of  St.  Francis.  We  hear  nr»  mo!e  of  <i(„,(i  Father 
.lohn  Perez,  except  the  solitary  fact  that  he  died  belore  his 
illustrious  friend.  The  records  of  the  convent,  as  was  said 
before,  have  unf(»rtunately  perished. 

A  iiHMith's  interval  gave  the  active  enemies  of  Cnliimbiis — 
Father  Bernard  lioil,  IVler  Margarite,  John  d(.  Agiiado.  and 
the  potentate,  lAtnseca— time  to  d(»  their  w<»rst.  However, 
when  the  answer  to  his  letter  came  at  length,  it  was  all  that 
c(»uld  be  desired.  'J'he  S(»vereigns  expressed  their  gratitude 
and  congratulation,  and  invited  himself  to  Court  as  so(»n  as 
he  had  siifhciently  recovered  fr(»m  the  fatigues  of  hisv(tyage. 
Isabella  seems  to  have  had  all  her  doubts  dispelled  as  soon 
as  she  was  once  nau'e  able  to  see  and  speak  to  Columbus. 
Not  one  word  (tf  blame  seems  to  have  be<>n  spoken  in  the 
interview  at  Hiirgos,  and  though  we  know  frcun  subse(pient 
events  that  Ferdinand  was  even  at  this  time  unfriendly,  yet 
Isabella  was  incapj-ble  of  dissimulation,  and  so(m  after  this 
she  wrote  to  Columbus  an  inudlicial  letter,  still  <'xtant, 
which  beai'.s  witness  to  her  undiminished  veneration. 

The  time  was  almost  as  unpr(»plti<Mis  for  the  pritsecution 
of  distant  discovery  as  the  closing  jieriod  of  theMooiish 
war  had  b(>en.  Isabella's  gentle  maternal  heart  was  entirely 
<v'cui>ied  with  matrinKmial  i)rojects  foi'  the  welfare  of  her 
<'hildren,  and  Ferdinand  w;;s  entirely  engrossed  with  his 
Kiiropean  wars.  He  cared,  indeed,  notably  little  about  liis 
new  domini(ms,  w'>ich  hitherto  had  been  more  bui'thensf)me 
than  lucnitive  to  his  treasury.  King  Ferdinand,  tluuigh  a 
shrewd  man  of  business,  was  by  no  means  a  far-sighted 


ntHisTOPiiER  cor.u.vinra. 

iii(»n;nrli.  ('••IiiiiiImis  nsU.'.l  for  rij,'hr  vi'ms««1s  fn  follow  u|) 
tlit>  Ciiltaii  «'X|il<»mtltnis,  ami  ostiiMish  a  liriii  rnofiiiij;  mi  th  • 
niniiiland  of  Asia.  It  was  not  till  th.-  follow iiiii;  spiiiiKt  1 1'-'^ 
tliat  llif  proposal  ifccivcil  ival  attctitioii.  In  llif  iiM-aiitimf, 
th.'  kiii.l  foivilioiij-lit  of  tli.'Qu.'.'ii  had  anaiiK'«'<l  «i»  ii»t»'>" 
view,  which  Kavt'  hitii  a  iifw  fri»'ml,  woithy  to  stuiul  by  tht? 
Nidf  of  Katht  r  John  IN-iv/,  ..r  to  tako  Ins  placf. 

•lames  I'Vnvr,  th.'  laphlary  ..f  Biir^'.>s.  is  v.-iy  hiiclly  im-ii- 
tioiifd  by  living,',  who  ^iv.'s  the  substaiic*'  <d'  a  InttiT  writt.-ii 
by  him,  at  tlu^  command  of  Isabella,  to  (,'olnmbns,  advisinK 
him  to  explore  fnrlherto  the  S.Mith.  He  was  n  ^ivat  trav 
el. 'I- and  a  /.ealons  Catholic,  mnch  esteemed  l)y  Isabella,  and 
a  personal  friend  »»l  theK''<'!it  Cardinal  M.'ndozn. 

'I'll.'  list  .»f  Keller's  acc.nnplishments  is  given  after  the 
.pretentious  manner  of  those  days,  and  ianj-.s  over  every 
thiiiLT  knowabh'  in  human  science,  from  inath.'matics  to 
l)oetiy,  and,  b.'sid.'s,  he  was  a  theolo;;ian.  Th.^  v.-rsatility 
of  his  i-vniiis  may  bt^  conj.'ctured  from  the  fact  that  the  pro- 
fessional mineralogist  anil  observant  traveler  wrot.'  a  theo- 
loLjical  tivatise  on  the  all.'^i'ories  of  Dante,'  and  his  learn- 
in-J  seems  to  have  b«  en,  in  the  jud«,^ment  of  his  contenip(>- 
rai-ies,  not  less  deep  than  varied.  The  fraj-inents  of  his 
writiuiis  which  remain  conlirm  this  opinion.  He  was  a 
manwortii  knowinjr,  and,  as  he  had  by  this  tim.'  returned 
from  his  travels  in  th.'  Kast,  Isabella  summoned  iiim  to 
Court.  He  had  formed  from  the  first  a  hi^b  idea  of  th.' 
scientific  value  of  the  achh'vments  of  the  venerable  Colum- 
bus, and  was  one  of  the  few  who  shared  with  Isabella  an 
insiijht  into  the  r.'li<;ious  character  of  the  enterprise,  which 
lie  styled  "mor.'  divine  than  human." 

In.Ianuary  of  the  year  UOn,  Ferrer  wrote  to  the  Queen, 
ort'erinji;  some  advice  about  the  V;\\y.i\  lin.'  of  demarcation, 
and  in  the  letter  he  said  :  "  I  believ.^  that  Uod,  in  tlie  hi^di 
and  myst.n'ious  desi<;ns  of  His  Provi.h'iice,  has  chosen  hint' 
as  his  accredited  a^^ent  for  this  work,  which  seems  to  nie 
nothin<^  less  than  a  prelude  and  preparation  to  the  thinj,'s 


'  S-nlfncian  Vatotiewi  del  dUo  pocta  Danta.    Barcu Ions,  IMS. 
«  CnhimbuD. 


vmiisTor/fh'n  couMurs, 


inn 


t<i   follow   up 
noting  oil   til  ' 

;  Miiiiii.vM  I  ll>7) 
lit'  nu'iiiitiiiw, 
p'tl  ail  iiitiT 
Mtuiul  l»y  til'' 

V'  luicfly  nu'ii 
U'ftt'i*  written 
iltiis,  iitlvisiii^ 
11  jiicat  ti'iiv 
IsiilH'lla,  and 

v«'n  after  the 
■s  over  every 
iltlielliatics  to 
'lie  versatility 
D  that  th»!  pro 
wiole  a  theo- 
ind  his  learn- 
his  conteiiipo- 
j;nients  of  his 
He  was  a 
time  returned 
loned  hiiu  to 
li  idea  of  tilt' 
lerable  Coluiii- 
th  Isabella  an 
j'l'ijrise,  which 

to  the  Queen, 
r  (h^niarcation, 
)d,  in  tlie  liif,'li 
H  chosen  him ' 
I  seems  to  me 
to  tlie  thin<'s 


vhlch  (Jod.  according  to  Mis  ^ood  Providence,  proposes  |o 
make  known  to  us  in  due  time,  to  His  ^dory,  and  to  the 
Mulvation  and  happiness  of  the  wotld." 

In  his  letter  to  Columluis  himself,  his  admirathtn  h  Mtill 
more  marked,     lie  writer : 

'•The  inl'iilliltli-  Providence  of  (Jod  sent  the  ju'r"nt  Thomas 
from  the  West  to  the  Kiist.  to  make  known  to  the  Indies 
our  holy  (-'atliolic  law;  and  you.  sir.  I'rovidencr  hjis  sent. 
I»\  an  (tpposiie  |iath.  frcuii  the  Kast  to  the  West,  In  (uder 
that,  by  the  Divine  will,  ycm  may  reach  the  Ivist,  the  fiirth 
est  limits  of  rpper  India,  to  cnrry  to  the  nations,  which 
have  not  heard  the  pieiichinn  (d"  Thomas,  the  knowledjxe 
of  Milvafion,  and  to  fulfill  the  words  o[  tlu'  Tidphet :  /// 
(Hill/ rill  Iff  rani  iwiiu'/.  noinis  vui'inn. 

"Without  fear  <d*  error,  I  allirm  thiit  you.  sir,  hold  tht' 
olliee  of  an  Apostle,  ui  an  Ambassadcu'  of  (iod.  sent  by 
the  hiviiKf  decrees  to  reveal  His  Holy  Name  to  lands 
where  the  truth  is  still  unkmtwn.  It  would  not  have  been 
beyond  thechiinis  of  ytuir  missicui,  in  dignity  or  imp(»rtance, 
if  a  I'opeoi-a  <'ardinal  of  Rtune  had  shared  y<»iir  Mioriuus 
lalxM'M  in  those  lands.  Mat  the  Pope  is  prevented  by  jfinve 
cimcern.s,  and  the  Cardinal  by  his  relish  of  the  c(unf«u1s  of 
life,  from  followini;;  such  a  course  as  y(uii's.  It  is  (piite  true, 
neveitheles.s,  that  with  an  object  like  y(»urs  the  Prince  of 
the  Apostolic  army  came  to  liome,  and  that  his  fellow 
lalxuvrs,  vessels  of  eh'ction,  went  about  the  w<uld,  spen<lin^' 
their  strenijth,  severely  tried,  with  sandals  w(U'n  and  j^ar- 
meats  icnt,  thi'ir  bodies  exhausted  by  the  daULrers.  the 
hardships  and  fatii^ues  of  those  travels,  which  often  ^^-ive 
(hem  only  the  bread  of  bitterness  to  ea'."  ' 

The  friendship  of«  such  a  learned,  wl ole-souled  man  as 
•lames  Ferrer  came  when  it  was  most  needed  to  help  Colum 
lais  in  hisoldaj^e,  to  keep  u[)  hiscourai^^e  to  the  end,  tlirou<;h 
many  tribulations. 

Isabella's  kind  reception  of  Columbus  souiewhat  deranged 
the  plans  of  his  calumniators.     Fonseca  saw  that   it  was 


'  "This  IrtttT,"  fn.VH  Kiilticr  Kmc'it  S.  J  ,  "sIiowb  tliiil  Jhiiu'h  Kirrcr,  trui'  Outliuiie  nml  'oyul 
M)n  of  the  PoiM',  waH  no  llnild  dovott'e." 


-ilSP- 


J 


iinUSKH'llHH  COl.l  MliVS. 

niM'CMsury  to  i»r«.« 1  nntflniisly.  f.M-  Mi.mi^'Ii  lih  imf«»i-;xiv<Mi 

f.M.  was  icoiiiK-lnwu  til.-  hill.  Ii.' was  nut  quit.'  »i»-ar  .'imu-li 
tn  Hi.'  |.ivriplr«'  yi't,  and  a  pii'inatiir**  »Ht'ni|>t  to  piixh  lil:n 
ovtT  niiKlit  •"'  «iaiiK«'><»»'«  ••»  »•»«•  iissallant.     No  amount  i.f 

royal  favoi nid  ivniov<'  tli.'  <|lsai:nM.al.l.'  iinj.ivssiun  pi'..= 

(lii I  hy  tilt' sallow  fac.'M  and  wastni  fiaiufs  of  the  iin><in'- 

rfHslul  Ai'^ronaMts,  ami   «'v.'n  wIh'U  tlu^  Sovcivi^ns  w»'iv  at 

l.-ismvat  last  to  j;iv»»  all  iVMitii-Hiir  ord«Ts  for  h  n»>w  tAiH-di- 

tl(»ii,  nmrli  ivnialiK'd  to  l.«' dtou*  Itrfoiv  tlic ordfis  wm-  vanitd 

out.  and  th««  stat*'  of  tliiiiji^  widly  jvHt'nilil.'d  what  we  liav»^ 

ulivady  d.'Nnilw'd  in  npcakiiiK  •'?  the  iaviiiinitl<»ris  for  tli« 

lirst  vi»vaKi',  wli.'ti  Mailoi-s  InniK  lun'k  in  dismay,  atid  wlilp- 

ouii.'is'put  all  oliHtach's  in  tlif  way  of  d.'paituiv,     KoiiM.'ca 

did  not  dan  to  disob.'y  IsalwOla.  \m  lu'  «'ould  ami  did  d.'visu 

delays  and   impi'dimenfs  in  the  «'Xe('niion   of   iinwelcoine 

rornluunds.     The   weddiiiK  of    Prinoe  .lohn   was   lollowed 

exartly  six  months  later  l>y  \\h  death.     (:«»lund.us  woulil 

not  hivak  in  upon  the  d.'epVn«'i'  of  '»>'*  '<'>"'  l«'H'-fii'"''^^- 

The  Vdmiral,  however,  employed  part  of  his  forced  leisure 

in  exeeiitiuK  ii   "7//.  or  ^/m/  of  niloif.  the  termw  of  whieh 

meal  to  us  his.  inmost  soul,  and  explain  mueh  that  would 

otherwise  want  explainin.u;. 

He  l)euins  tlr-t  documeiif  in  the  name  of  the  Hleised  Trin- 
ity, to  Whom  he  nd'ers  the  fust  itint,  and  the  nmiplete 
eonvi<ti(»n  whi»'h  suceeed.-nl  it,  that  a  passa)^'.<  to  the  Imlies 
by  sailin^i:  westward  was  possible,  lie  recalls  with  ^natitnde 
that  by  the  ^race  of  our  hotd  he  had  discovered  the  la?id  of 
the  Indies  and  numerous  islands,  and,  as  great  revenues 
are  sure  to  come  to  him  therefnun,  he  therefore  fountls  this 
Mttjonthis.^ 

lie  places  the  deed  under  the  protection  of  tlu'  Holy  See. 
because  his  (udy  object  in  framiu;r  it  is  the  service  of 
Alnd^hty  (tod.  He  apfKiints  his  wm,  Dim  .lames,  his  heir, 
and  7he'  i»roperty  is  to  descend  by  priino^ienittire.  He 
reipiires  these  wlio  snc<'eed  him  to  use  in  their  Hij?nature  no 


I  Irvlna  wrllfn:  '  Don  Ki-rtiando,  foii  tn  Coliiml iivs  lliat  lil'*  fulli.r.  «h<ii  In-  KH.k  lih 

IM'n  111  liiiml  iiKimlly  oomnuiircil  by  « rltiiii;  '  ./<"«"  <•"«»  •"'"'"  '*'  ""'''"  '"  ""•  " 
'  Miijuraluo,  i.  c,  proiiertj  «o  uttaeliiU  to  ui.  lunilUiiry  titlu  of  lioiior  uit  to  dcscoua  with  It. 


vniiisToi'iit'.n  vol. VMiirs. 


s  tmfnr;xiv«Mi 

to  )>iixh  hhii 
o  iiitioiint  (i{ 

jllVSHiuH     |tl'()  = 

f  tlif  iiti>^iir- 
itriiH  w»»iv  at 

IK'W  i'X|"'tli 

■i  svt'j'i-  :'!in'if<l 
vlmt  w«'  l»;iv»< 
tioiiH  for  t\w 

IIP.         KollMI'i'll 

ml  (lid  iU'visM 
f  miwt'lrotiit' 
rtUH  I'ollowi'd 
iniltus  would 
iH'Hrfilf 'tresis. 
I'uictMl  Icirtiirf 
iruM  or  which 
•h  thut  would 

HlcsMcd  Tiiri- 
the  coniph'to 
to  tlu'  lu'li»N 
ivltli  fjciatltudc 
•d  th»'  lji?id  of 

'Tt'llt    I*>V«TU1»'S 

!■♦•  fouiulH  this 

the  Holy  Sh>, 
liH  Hervirc  of 
luu's,  his  lu'ir, 
>>'iiitur»'.  !!♦' 
V  sijinature  no 

licr.  when  \w  l<Hik  lilt 

(  ilii.  " 

tu  dcacuiul  with  It. 


other  title  than  that  of  .\ilii,ii<il,  and  to  add  always  the 
forniuhi  vvliieh  lie  hud  inveiKfii,  and  whleh  wiim  a  pray**!'  m 
ItHeir,  namely,  •'«.  8,  A.  S.  X.  M.  J.  XIM)  I'ereiiH,*'  tho 
letters  heiiiu;  iirraiined  in  four  lines. 

The  liist  stipulation  is  in  hehalf  of  the  poor,  to  whom  n 
tentll  "f  ull  the  revenues  is  to  lie  assigned,  "  for  (he  htuiorof 
(joil  Hferiinl  ami  AlniiKlity."  Anions  the  |M(or,  any  den. 
tituti!  nietiibers  of  the  faiiiily  are  to  have  a  prior  elaitn.  It* 
this  la.st  tiaiisf  wt^  may  reco;xiil/,e  the  (Ihristian  virtiien  of 
tuiiiiilily  and  Well  ordered  charity. 

"rin-n  the  Admiral  proceeds  at  once  to  the  thoujrht  which 
lay  nearest  to  his  heart,  the  hui^  t'herishe(l  puipose  of  i-**. 
<'«)verini;  the  Holy  Srpiilchre  froni  the  Turks,  lie  bids  his 
son  and  lieir  reiiieinher  that  when  he  was  planning,'  the  v(»y- 
a>j;e  to  the  Indies,  he  had  (lesiji'lled  to  petition  the  Soverei)Xn>< 
to  devote  all  flm  prolits  to  the  coiKpie.Ht,  of  .lenisalem,  and 
i'c(piires  him  accorditjyl/ t«»  strive  to  amass  much  treasure, 
in  order  !<»  hi*  ahit;  to  assist  the  Kin>;,  if  he  would  undertake 
(he  enterprise,  or,  if  hii  would  not,  then  to  tit  out  u  laixH 
army  and  ^(»  without  him;  in  which  rase,  he  hopeil  that  tliH 
help  refiised  for  thtf  commencement  would  be  conceded  fur 
the  i»roseciition  of  the  crusade. 

After  having  "lilx-rated  his  soul"  with  reijartl  to  the  Holy 
Scjuilchre,  h»(  next  sliow.s  hin  keen  Molicitud*)  for  tht»  teni 
poral  power  of  tho  Poi>e: 

•'  Iii;m.  I  ortJdin  thut,  [f  for  tho  rhastiftfi/irnt  o/'  <>>h' 
fiftifi,  (fliff  arfiift'ii  s/ii.  td  (UH!,i' to  ttc  ''•!  thf  I'liuirh  it/  dorl, 
nud  It  II II  portion  of  an  if  nuik  or  notion  lo/iotsonrfr,  xfioiiid 
i  iidi'iii'or  iiif  rintrnre  to  drprifc  if  td'  it.s'  pririti'f/rn  oiid  pon- 
KcHsioiix,  the  ftoift  Ihin  Itivip),  or  irliosoi'n'r  sliott  posxr.tH 
titf  siii/f  ^f(tJorn(ns,  do  iinmedioti'tij  under  pain  of  disin- 
horitonco.  put  hiiDficJf  at  f/ic  feet  of  the  Hot  if  F<dhvr 
{unfes/i,  indeed,  the  tatter  s'hoiifd  hare  turned  heretir,  a 
thinij  which  (iod  iritl  not  permit),  and  ojf'er  hirnseff  and, 
hi.s'  fti'jirndcnts  to  do  him  nereiee  with  all  their  resonrein, 
with  arms'  and  moneif,  interest  and  princifnit,  to  rriish  the 
Hehisni  and  preoent  the  spoliation  of  the  Church.'' 


|.|(f  riiHisroritmt  voia  uniM, 

That  nolhintf  nuiy  !»♦•  wiintlnij  t<»  «ln'  •ni«'  ('uHi«»ll«'  •'IwniP' 
tt»r  of  Mih  lii««'i»"*tlrm  tln.uiiM'nl,  lUiollitT  .iltll^ntlMii  U  Im 
|»,.h.m|  uf  l.iiil.litiu  III  Hi"  Um.miI  IMiilii'  ill  llls|«uii..lii  11 
,.|„„rli  iiii.l.r  til"  iiiv.Mj.tioii  of  "St.  Miiry  of  lli..  C.Min.i. 
llnii,"  11  IIIO.I.-  of  hniinrliw  •••n"  MN'^'*'"'!  ^^**h  **lii'l'  "HI" 
|KWf«»  lll»«  <l<ii'tllll«'  of  h.'i  liinii'fn'iil,  ('„„>; itl inn.  'I'lh'll  ii 
hnspllul  h  tu  1m'  fumi.l.Ml,  lltitt  rllilllH  of  jln'o|n«y  .'^IllMMl.-.l 

foi-  III.'  insini<ti..ii  nf   iIm.n.'  who  nIiuII  «lt'vui««   lIuiiisi'lvuH 
lit  iln'  «<»nvi'i»loii  nf  tlu'  IimIIiuh. 

hulM-lla.  .liiiliijr   Jlii^   liilt'iviil  of  (l.'lay.  trl«"l  to   lii<liin« 
('..IiiiiiImim  to  iir.vpf  11  laip'  tiii.t  Iti  lli«»|.!iniMla  f..-.'  hi.-  pr!- 

\»W  i.iMp.'itv.  uilli  III-'  till l»uU •  Mar.|uis  lail  lio 

i,.sHliif.-ly  ivfiiMf.!.  I'.'HiapH  If  tlioiiKlii  It  ln.«mHlsf.-iit 
with  hi'*  iHiiMiini'  vocalioii  to  unrpl  a  ivwanl  whith,  whih'  U 
iiijiiiv.l  hiM  p..^ili<.ii.  iiiiKlit  III*'"  "'"'P'  ••'"'  '"  •''"*  "''*  "^^•'' 
•m.l.'iilw  ^p.'(i.Mis  pivh'xt  nf  aii.'h.liim  I"  iho  iiitt  ivsts  of 
hischilihvn.  to  luakca  hoin.'  f.)iliiiiis.'ir  aii<l  thfiii.  inal,  mIiiK 
liitf  Int..  .limiilli'  I  .'as..,  to  Kivn  iiji  tlu-  liirth.-r  pn.Mn  iilioii 
,.f  hisjiiautl.  hut  self  sanitiriiiKaii.l  .•inlin'iitly  *'mi««.iiifuii- 
alth'."  <lf«*iKtis.  ;t  jHt't-niH  Ncairt-ly  liUdy  that  IiIm  nuI..  mo- 
f|\<'  in  ivfiiHiiiK  halM'lla's  p-iifionH  piopnsul  was  a  pni- 
<h'ht  f.'ar  of  IncivaMiiiK  his  iinpopulaiity.  Nof,  on  the  other 
hand,  was  ho  K">l'y  «'f  •■o'»ii>li  infi.nsisfmt'y  in  ivj^ctin;: 
a  n.-w  sduir.'  of  ivv.'nn«',  Mine*-  thf  wealth  wliirh  h.'  th-viivl 
l<.i  (Tusatlinji  purposes  was  Huie  to  eoiiu'  sooner  or  later, 
lir  thnuj;ht,  from  the  "ei;ihth"  gnanmt.'etl  to  him  in  the 
eapilulation  drawn  up  at  S:inta  Ke,  if  there  was  fnilh  in 
a  royal   word  and  p.ld   in   the   IndieH.     Inhai.pily,  it  was 

liinjr  in  eonun^, 

Kresh  ••anses  of  delay  in»w  nr«»se.  Ferdinaml  was  nineh 
distressed  for  money,  i»ut  Isabella  had  acli.ally  set  aside 
eerlain  funds  fur  the  new  expedition,  when,  in  Oelnl.er, 
14'J7,  IN-t.-r  Alonzo  Nifu*  returned  from  llispaniola,  and  l>y 
liis  fnulish  l)oasf  that  lie  brouKht  nimh  p.ld  eansed  the 
immediate  revoeatioti  of  the  royal  ^'lant,  for  it  was  sup 
pose.l  that  tins  valuable  frei<,dit  would  naae  than  sulllee  to 
meet  the  demands  of  the  Admiral.     When  the  unfortunate 

'  V«'gtt  Kciil. 


(;ilHI:<  7W/7/A7/  t  W  (  .V//  ( ,V. 


i:i7 


<»ll«*  rliiinir. 

itlMll    \n   hll- 

is|iiiiii<>lii  11 
llif  ('tm(»>j(- 

Wllil'll    Ml| 
//.      Th.'li  :i 
••sfiil>lhlii't| 
llU'IIIS«'lV»'K 

1   to    indiir** 
fu!'  Iii?«  pi"; 
\\\\h,   bill    lif 

ilU'OtlHislflll 

icli,  while  it 
his  <i|il  iip', 

illll  ll'HtS  (if 

n.  ami,  ^*illk• 
jiiuMtM  uliuii 

'MllU'tillifult- 

IJM     .suit'     tllO« 

WIIH    U     |ilMl« 

«iit  tlir  of  her 
ill  ii'jfctiiiK 
I  h<'  (l»"<irt"l 
lUT  or  liiter, 
I  liiiii  ill  th<' 
wiiH  rnilh  in 
»pily,  it  waa 

(I  was  iMiich 
lly   st'l    asidf 

ill  Octnlu'l', 
lidla,  aiul  l»y 
.  caused    ili«' 

it  was  sup- 
lau  sulllee  l<) 

uiirurtunate 


rnpfnin,  ivh<.  tiud  ««.«••  In  vMl  Id**  fundly  Iwfore  fttrtMihllii,/ 
his  dispjifrhes.   ciriu'   'it  vtH\t*'<'i  thai    his  ^ohl  was  'ti  the 

^hapei.r   three  hlllldled   Indian    pli>M||e|Nof   uai*.   to  heboid, 

ImuIh'IIh  and  Keidinaiiil,  I'lr  dllFerent  leisons,  wi-re  etpially 
dhtfiiMfed.  AlilmuKh  the  letter  uf  thi*  iu\id  instiiirtiinis 
ordained  that  Indians  nmeeriied  in  the  death  of  Span- 
iards should  Im!  I'luluviat,  y«'l  isahellu  was  shueKed  at  llu» 
niiinher. 

Arraii^etneiiis  had  ti»  he  neunimeiKed.  Orders  and  roiiii- 
terorilers  waste;l   tnueh    lime      The  ansiety  of  ('nlundiiis 

ine|»'|lsed  villi  I'Veiy  flesh   delav,   I'ol   he    lujew  by  sad   expe 

rietice  Iniw  niui'h  the  eolony  di  pt-ndeii  upon  impoiied  lund, 
and  how  Kraieity  of  provisions  iiiir«vifsi>d  the  dilllrnlty  of 
p»vertiin'<  sellish  and  d'Seontenied  and  Heditioiis  lueii.  V«*t 
even  his  siijiiieious  mind  eoidd  not  e.isdy  have  eoiijeclured 
the  extent  of  the  e\  ils  wlii.'h  ||  ied  l(»  |||f  nln.osl  ill!  Ilie 
grand  ((ualities,  the  hi^di  coinaK*'.  the  slroiiju;  eiidiiraiit'e,  tli(> 
vi^filanee,  the  pnietical  wisdom,  the  mingled  ,sev«  .ily  and 
merry  of  his  lnother  Martlioloiiiew,  the  good  Atli  hiiilin/n. 

The  more  die  Admiral  disphiycd  his  anxiety  \:,  hurry  for- 
ward lh»'  preparations,  tiie  aior*'  "his  eold-Idooded  enemy 
Fonseca,"  who  was  now  Mishop  of  Melaj-s,  tried  lo  interpose 
vexatious  olisfacle',.  In  his  (lespair,  v  h.-n  volifaleeis  could 
n(»t  lie  found,  he  proposed  a  measure  whidi,  ihougli  it  met 
with  the  eager  approval  of  the  Sovereigns,  must  lie  allowed 
to  have  lieeri  even  ill  that  <lire  extreniily  a  grievous  error  of 
judgment.  This  was  to  <dmmiile  the  imprisonmeur  of  lesser 
criminals  into  a  t'lni  of  .service  in  the  colony.  AlasI  there 
were  had  men  enough,  and  "hasely  had,"  \u  ilispaniola 
already,  without  turning  loo.sc  into  the  island  men  convicted 
of  every  kind  of  villainy. 

('olumhus.  who  to  the  <'n(l  /ould  never  fully  re.-.iize  tlle<lee!) 
wick«'dness  of  which  the  human  henrl  is  capa'de,  no  doiilit 
thought  that  this  jilan  might  he  regarded  as  the  lesser  of 
two  evils,  inasmuch  as  to  .s»  nd  no  ships  at  all  was  to  consign 
the  colony  to  c(>rlain  des'iuclion,  while  to  .send  out  men 
who  had  misdemeaiied  themselves  at  home  was  to  give  them 
a  t'hanco  of  becoming  honest  men,  a  chance  wljicli  manv  of 


J  j3  CUlUSTOrilKll  COI.UMIWS. 

tluMii,  un.l.T  th..  (M.inl.imMl  in.lu.vment  of  pratim.lo  nn.1 
nit.rost,  n.i^'l.t  bo  ^hul  to  s.'i/.'.  It  was  a  lue  an.-holy  m.s- 
takf,  aiul  on.'  wl.i.'lj  ).rou-ht  its  own  sa.l  i.unishnuMit 

Hv  tho  most  strenuous  ex-rtions,  Columbus  succmlea  at 
last"iu  tittiu;,'  out  two  .•arav.ls  early  in  141)8;  but  t<.  ammi- 
plish  this  it  was  nen-ssary  f..r  bin.,  Vi.-on.y  as  b"  was  to 
tako  nu.<-b  <.f  the  actual  .Iru.l-ory  of  tin-  w..rk  upon  buns,  f, 
t„  .-..  roun<l  to  tbo  stoinbous..s  and  .k-al  i.-isonally  with  thn 
tn,7b.snu.n.     He  spraks   foolin^ly,  in  a  iHt.r  wntb-u   lon^- 
afterward,  of  his  laborious  .p.est  of  provisions  ..n  ibis  o.ra- 
sion     The  two  vessels  arrived  in  Hispaniola  at  the  begin- 
ning .,f   February,  bearin-  to  Bartholomew  the  royal  eon- 
nnnation  of   bis  appointment,  which  f,'aye  strength  to  his 
.rovernment  at  su.'h  a  .-ritieal  jun.-ture,  that  perhaps  a  few 
weeks  of  a.bliticmal  delay  would  have  n.a.le  reeonstruotioii 
cpiife  imjiossible.'  

".  For  ..,0  inruor  „nr.io,^'^fTlii^.".l  VL,  a.  also  mu.-h  of  .h.-  pm-Mli,,.  one,  wo  take 
pl,.„Mir«  in  iicknowUdKinu;  our  t-r.at   liid.htnjn.---.  to 


lo  the  coiicisu  and  very  iitcurute  "  Life  of 


Columbus"  by  Fatlicr  A.  G.  KiiiaUt,  S.  J.,  of  h.igluud. 


jiratitudo  siTid 
t'liincludy  mis- 
ishiiuMit. 
s  Hiu'('»'<'<lt'<^  at 
but  to  accoin- 
as  lie  was,  to 
,  upon  liiiiist'lf, 
Mially  witli  tliH 
r  wiittt'ii   loti^j; 
s  on  lliis  oc'a- 
1  at  th«!  iM'giu- 
the  royal  con- 
Uivnjith  to  his 
ju'iliiips  a  few 
rccoiistnu'tion 


.  iirccciliiiL'  "lie,  we  take 
I  very  utcurute  "  Life  of 


CHAPTER  VII. 

TllK  Timn)  AM)  FoCKTlt  VoVa(JKS  To  AMKUICA. 

Cohunhns  punhhhuj  insolnirr-rronftin't  the  xdnnnj  ort'dii 

in  f/ti'  iKimc  of  Uw  Ihhj  Trm'dij—Tinn'hvH  the  iimin- 

hi  11(1   i>/  Aiiicrira  -  ■  At    Ilispatiiola    (tijaiii  —  Qii<llii)if 

troiihlr.^ '  Tlic  din    of    c<(tiiminj  -UohtuliJla   anil    his 

wissitm-'('otii//i/>//s  sent  hoiiw  in  rh((in.s—<fn(it  .s-chr/nrs 

—A  fourth  toijaije  plan ncd— doing  to  the  relief  of  a 

fort —Cohnnh IIS  inputted  aijaiii  <it  J/i.spanio/n~'-Airfid 

fate  of  a  feet  vontainiiuj  his  em  iniesSenreh  for  an 

inuiifmanj  strait—Sail  in;/  aloihj  the  coast  if  Central 

Aineriea—Baltte  with  a  waterspout— A  rision—Aground 

on  Jamaiea—Mendez  and  his  adventures— Midinij  of 

Vorras  -The  threatened  famine— An  historicat  eel  ipse 

of  the  moon— A  singular  visit— A  fierce  conjlicl— Relief 

comes — Columbus  reaches  Spain. 

By  tlie  assiduous  and  watchful  toil  of  tlu^  v«'norablo  Ad- 
miral, six  more  caravels  were  ready  at  the  end  of  May.  HUH, 
He  was  just  about  to  sail.  The  malignity  of  Hishoi)  Fonseca 
and  the  insolence  of  his  underlings,  however,  pursued  the 
Discoverer  of  America  even  to  the  water's  edge.  Of  these 
annoying  officials,  the  most  bold  and  noisy  was  one  Breviesca, 
treasurer  to  Fonseca,  and  a  converted  Jew,  lie  grossly  in- 
sulted Colund)us  to  his  very  face,  Tlie  great  old  man,  in 
the  hurry  and  indignation  of  the  moment,  forgot  his  usual 
self-command,  and,  raising  his  hand,  he  struck  the  des- 
picable minion  to  the  earth. 

It  nujy  have  been  another  error  of  judgment,    for  the 

wretched  Breviesca  had  an  otficial  character,  and  Bishop 

Fonseca  would  be  sure  to  take  the  chastisement  as  an  insult 

to  himself.     But  even  if  the  iniliction  of  this  Avell-merited 

130 


-WPF 


j^y  •  vjiiusToPiifcn  cof.nrncs. 

punishment    was  :v  «nne    faul,    in    .\nAnu^^'y,  th.   moral 
,nv,..,.   was   suivlv   a  very  snmll   cmf ;   an.l,    i-..  hai-s    t.. 
t    namsirH.emJclnu.n.inav.rtanttovhuli<-at^^ 
uul  assort  his  ,M.w..r  l>.'l'..n>  his  own  .vta.m-rs.  than  t<.  .-n^ 

S  M  T.  v"i'-»y  ^»-  *''^'"''  "^"  '''^  '"''  upon  one  who  eon  .1 
j  , -e  V  beeonn.  n.ore  insolent  a>ul  l.itterly  hostUe  than  he 
".  'e^  inlv,  Kons..ea  was  no,  the  persona,.'  to    et  shi. 

^;H;a  '^      .u"opiH»-'uuiry,    and  Las  Casas   att^nbutes    th<. 
'he  of  the  Allnirars  inlh.enee  at  Omrt  to  th.s  .nenh>  t, 
;',;';;  was  ,vpn>..nte  l  in  th,.  .1  u-;.est  coh.rs  wlien  h.  was  no 
lon«'ei-  present  to  (h'l'eml  liiniseli.  „  .,       »  „     ... 

N;,r,  in.h.e.l,  did  Cohnnhns  himself  Hul  to   <--•;;;;- 
vidions  nse  that  wonhl  be  n.a.h-  of  it.     It  wonld      ■   hlh.  n  t 
o    nahe.  with  e,nal  brevity,  a  n.o.e  dim-t  an<l  alhrt.nj.  ap- 
Ll  than  that  eontaine.l  iu  one  of  his  U-tters,  whe.vm  he 
Ulndes  to  tills  alfalr.     lie  entreats  the  Sovere.o.is  not  t.|  let 
t  be  wreste,l  t<.  his  injnry  In  their  opinion;  bnt  t< remember 
^vhen  anvthln-  shonhl  be  sal.l  to  his  disparagement,  that 
he  was  *w//y.sr///,  <nrir(/,  ami  a  sfmiitfrr. 

The  mneh-endnrlni--  A.lnnral  set  sail  from  the  port  of  San 
Lnear  ..n  th.'  Uoth  of  M,y,  with  six  v.'ssels,  ami  two  hnn- 
dred  n.:'n,  In  addition  to  the  saih.rs  that  w.'re  "7'7;"'>;-  J^ 
,vas  no  lomrer  Islands  that  he  songht.  He  wished  to  make 
some  great  <llseovery,  and  starte.l  on  Ills  third  voyage  by 
l.laeln.^  it  under  the  special  proteetion  ot  the  M est  1  ol> 
Trinity,  wIiosl'  saered  name  he  promised  to  give  the  lust 
land  he  would  discover.  . 

In  the  conrse  of  this  voyage  ho  was  obliged  \o  avoid  a 
French  squadron,  as  France  and  S])aln  were  then  at  war. 
From  the  Canarv  Islands  (\)lumbns  dispatched  three  ol  ms 
ships  dlrectlv  to  lllspanlola,  declaring  In  his  instructions  to 
their  commmders.  that  he  himself  was  going  to  the  tape 
Verde  Islands,  and  tlience.  'Mn  the  name  of  the  Holy  irm- 
itv."  intended  to  navigate  to  the  South  of  those  islands,  until 
he  should  arrive  under  the  equinoctial  line,  in  tli;\^;'>P;;;f 
heln-  ".nild.Hl  bv  find  to  discover  something  which  may 
be  to  ni;  service.'and  to  th.t  of  our  Lords  the  King  and 
Queen,  and  to  the  honor  of  Christendom."     "I  believe,     he 


r — =^ 


ciimsTopiiER  COL r.vnrs. 


141 


•,  till'  iiioral 
IM'iliaps,  to 
t(i  Ills  lu»ii(»r 
tlijin  t()  cuii- 
le  who  <'oul(l 
Htilf  than  lie 
re  to  K't  slll» 
[tiilmtt's  the 
this  incuU'iit, 
I'll  1k'  whs  no 

orcscc  th<i  iii- 
(l  he  (liHiciilt 
i  iilVcctliijj;  nj)- 
<,  wherein  ho 
oils  not  to  k't 
ton'iiicmht'r, 
igciiH'iit,  that 

110  ])ort  of  San 
and  two  hiin- 
nt'cessary.  It 
islit'd  t()  make 
rd  voyage  hv 
he  M(»st  Holy 
irive  the  lirst 

red  to  avoid  a 
"  then  at  war. 
■d  three  of  his 
instrnctions  to 
1^  to  the  Cape 
the  Holy  Trin- 
;e  islands,  until 
in  the  hope  of 
iio;  wliirh  may 
the  Kinp;  and 
'I  believe,"  he 


ndds.  "that  no  one  lias  ever  traversed  this  way,  and  that  this 
sea  is  neiirly  iinkriown." 

With  one  sliip  and  two  cii ravels,  the  u:r«'at  Admiral  made 
for  the  (':ii)e  Venh;  Islands  -'ji  false  name/'  he  remarks, 
as  nothing'  was  to  be  seen  ther*;  of  a  jiicen  color,  lb* 
reached  these  islands  towards  the  end  of  .Iniie.  and  left 
them  on  th<!  4tli  of  .Inly.  .\ll  this  time  he  was  surrounded 
by  such  a  dense  fo^'  tliat  he  writes,  '-It  miuht  havf!  been 
ent  with  a  !.nil'e." 

The  v<'ssels  had  pushed  aloii,-;-  many  lea-iues,  when  sud- 
denly the  winds  al)ated  and  the  heat  became  intolerable. 
Xobody  dared  to  ^o  below  deck  to  look  aftei-  tin;  wine, 
water  and  provisions.  This  lasted  ei^ht  days.  The  liist 
(hiy  was  clear,  and  had  the  others  been  like' it,  Colnmbiis 
states  that  not  a  man  would  have  been  left  alive.  Tliey 
wonid  hav»^  been  all  burnt  up. 

The  Admiral,  in  his  distress,  addressed  himself  to  Heaven, 
and,  at  last,  a  favorable  breezt;  sjirang  up,  enabling-  him  to 
pursue  a  more  westerly  course.     So(»n  but  a  siii«^le  barrel  of 
water  remained  in  (uich  of  the  vessels.     The  distress  of  the 
crews  was  frightful,     iiut,  "as  d'od  had  always  been  accus- 
tomed to  show  mercy  to  him"'— to  use  the  Admiral's  own 
words— a  mai'iner  named   Alonzo    Perez,   hapi)ened    to  ^o 
aloft  ui>on  the  maintoj)  of  the  Admiral's  shij)  and  su(l<lenly 
saw  towards  the  southwest,  al'ont  fifteen  leagues  off,  three 
summits  of  mountains,  which  a])}»eared  united  at  the  base. 
It  was  the  land  desired!     Wonderful  it  was,  indeed,  for 
it  seemed  at  that  distance  to  exhibit  the  my.sterioiis  emblem 
of  the  Trinity,  whose  name  Ccdumbus  had  v(Aved  to  bestow- 
on  it.     It  was  an  island.  an<l  he  called  it  TriititlmJ:    The 
sailors  san^  tlie  Snlre  Jirijhui  and  the  Are  Marls  Sfclht, 
and  when  the  Admiral  landed,  he  planted,  as  was  his  usual 
custom,  a  larsre  cross  on  the  shore. 
On  the  following  day  he  continued  in  a  westerly  direc- 

'  Tlii>  old  clironiolcrs  and  lii<f'.-'  iw  nro  striirk  w  itti  ii-tonlsliniont  at  this  iiiriil.nt.  "  Miiil'i/," 
says  Cniin*  dc  t.nrL'inw.  •  wl.ii  I  nd  iindcT  liis  vyr  \\w  narration^'  niiil  tlii'  dnninHiil-.  iiifdrni-  iih 
that  Ciihinihii-*  attrilint>>d  Ihn  diHcovcry  to  a  signal  favor  from  God."  Tihihhul  is  tlic  Spanish 
for  Trinity.  This  ishind  i« situated  oiitsld.'  tli«  dolta  of  the  ga-nt  river  Orinoco,  having  the  Onlf 
of  Paria  on  the  went. 


^^2  cirnrsTOPirER  coLUXDVS.  '• 

tion,  in  searrh  <>f  a  port  wher.  1..  might   ^'a..   in  wnt^r 
and  rent   his  ships.     IMie  extretn-  h.-at  had   sh.unk   tu 

n..t  tin.l,  l.ut  .-anu.  t..   '.-.'p  scun.lings  scniewh.-iv  nra.  I  ...nt 
Alratra'         Ih-.v    ho   to..k   in   fn-sli   water.     'I  h.s  was  on 
W      ,  s  lav,    the   1st   of   August,    140S.      From   tl..   p<..n 
^^1H.re   he  'now   was.   the  low  lan.ls   of  the  Or.n.....    nu.s 
l.nve  l,..en  vislMe,  and  ('ohiiubus  for  the  hrst  tune  beheld 
th(^  mainland  of  America, 

lirpushe.1   on   t<.wards  the  Uulf  of  Paria.     It  was  jnst 
„ner  ti.erainv  season,  a.id  the  great  rivers  whirl.  tl..w  into 
the(inlf  w.re\-a..sing  its  waters  t<.  rnsh  with  nnpetuos.tj 
„„f  ..r   th.  two  openings  whi.-h  lead  into  the  wide  oeean 
The  lieree  struggle  between  the  fresh   water  ami    h.  sa 
.vater  prodn<-ed  a  hig::  ri.lge  of  waters,  (m  the  top  o    ^^    uh 
tlu'  Admiral  was  borm-  into  the  (Juh  at  sueh  nsk,    hat. 
M-riting  afterwards  of  this  event  to  the  Spanish  (  <mrt    he 
w,ys-  -Even  to-day  1  shudder  hst  the  waters  should  have 
upset  the  vessel  wIk  n  they  came  under  its  bows. 

From  the  si/.'  of  th.  Orinoco,  Cohnnbus  felt  sure  that  ho 
ha.l  .lis.-ovcrc.l  a  continent.     Ho  called  it  Tierra  ih  amen. 
or  th,'  l.aml  of  (Irace.     Mass  was  celebrate.!,  ami  possession 
take  ..f  the  newly-.liscovered  territory  in  due  lorm.    A  'arge 
cross  was  then  rais.Ml  on   th.-  most  prominent  part  ol    the 
beach,  ami  the  Imly  name  of  the  Redeemer  resouml.'d  ior 
the  llrst  time  on  the  wild.unknown  shores  ot  South  America. 
Space  will  not   permit  ns  to   follow  Columbus  at  every 
point  in  this  most  menu.rable  voyage.     In  the  n.idst  ol 
trials  sickness,  and  adventures,  the  great  man  added  a  con- 
tinent to  the  world's  map;  nor  was  the  map  more  enlarged 
than  truth,  science  and  commerce." 

"  mint  Alcatr,..  i.  Hlt.mtocl  at  Iho  S.  E.  oxlromlty  of  Trinlrta.l. 


cniusTOpm:n  cor  VMnrs. 


U\\ 


ko  in  water 

slinink   tlu^ 

port  Im'  <rKl 

iH  nt'iir  Point 

riiis  wiis  on 

Ml   IIk'   poiiit 

riiKico'  MUist 

tinn'  bclu'kl 

It  was  just 
licit  tl(»w  into 
I  iiitpftuosity 
•  \vi(k!  ocean, 
and  tli«'  >*aU 
top  of  wliich 
ck  risk,  that, 
isk  Court,  li(^ 
I  slioulil  luive 
•s." 

t  suro  tkat  \w 
ra  <h'  (iracio, 
md  possession 
[orni.  A  larfre 
it  part  of  the 
resoun(h'(l  for 
tnitk  America, 
iilms  at  every 
tke  midst  of 
1  added  a  con- 
more  enlarged 


iircnt  iiiniilhs  mid  forty 
wl  iind  ^'ub•(livill^d  into 

y  Trinity."  writes  Coiiiit 
ccnlilf  ((iiiiiiicst  i(f  three 
II  new  conlincnl;  •.'.  Tlie 
tliree  discovirie-  would 
iiico  of  tills  tliird  vojiiyo 


On  the  noth  of  August  tlie  vessels  reached  Tlispaiiiola. 
Tile  Admiral's  health  wasHhattei-t'd.  hut  he  f(»urul  a  lirm  and 
all'ectionate  friend  in  his  brolht-r,  Don  liarthoioiuew,  who 
related  to  him  the  various  calamities  that  had  hefallen  the 
uidiappy  island  since  his  departure.  It  was  one  long  st<try 
of  tile  excesses  and  insiihordiiiation  of  ihe  Spainards. 
Their  cruelties  to  the  Indians  are  too  painful  ami  far  too 
tedious  a  tale  to  recount  here.  It  must  sullice  to  Miy  that, 
on  his  recovery,  Columhns  found  his  genius  heavily  tasked 
in  the  labor  of  restoring  some  degree  of  order  and  good 
feeling. 

An  account  of  the  disturbances,  however,  had  already 
gone  to  Spain,  and  were  charged  to  the  !icc(tunt  of  the  ven- 
erable man  whose  sole  an.\iety  had  been  to  heal  tliem, 
''"'•"nbus  wi'ote  to  the  (Joint,  entreating  that  a  magistrate, 
.•mpowered  by  royal  authority,  might  bo  sent  out  to  ruin 
the  lawless  men  who  created  .'^'iich  endless  dissatisfaction. 
Hitherto  the  Spanish  .sovereigns  had,  upon  the  whole,  be- 
haved ])retty  well  to  Colundnis.  Ikit  he  had  bitter  enemies 
at  Court.  People  were  forever  sngg«'sting  to  the  monarchs 
that  this  foreigner  was  doing  wrong.  The  Admiral's. son,  Fer- 
dinand, gives  a  vivid  picture  of  .«ome  of  the  complaints 
l)referred  against  his  father.  '"When  I  was  at  Granada,'' 
he 'A-rites,  "at  the  time  the  Most  Serene  Prince  I/on  Mi  iiael 
died,  more  than  lifty  of  them— Spaniards  who  had  returned 
from  the  Indies--as  men  without  shame,  bought  a  gr«'at 
quantity  of  grapes,  and  .sat  themselves  down  in  the  court  of 
the  Alhandua,  uttering  loud  cries,  saying  that  their  High- 
nesses and  the  Admiral  made  them  live  in  this  poor  fash- 
ion, on  account  of  the  bad  pay  they  received— with  many 
other  dishonest  and  nnseendy  things,  which  they  kept  repeat- 
ing. Such  was  their  efTr  mtery  that  when  the  Catholic 
King  came  forth  they  all  s'Miounded  him,  and  got  him  into 
the  midst  of  them,  saying  '  Pay  I  pay  I'  and  if  by  cliance  I 

timt  there  retnained  no  lonjier  iiiiy  Krimd  discovery  In  hi;  miide.  The  niessenirer  of  Ihe  CrnsH  left 
hilt  few  for  future  u'enerations.  Thiink-  to  him,  the  wliole  world  was  tlieiiceforlli  o|ien  to  llio 
iiivestiijiitioiiH  of  man.  For  Ihrieeentisries  no  niiin  Iuik  disdivered  In  the  lii«>of  nature  ariythiii!.; 
broader,  more  profound,  or  more  fnndiinienlal  for  Hcience.  Three  eentiiries  have  pussud  uway, 
and  no  man  has  derh  td  from  imy  voyage  so  umiiy  intellectuiil  ucquisitloiis." 


^  ,j  ciinisrnpiiF.n  cofA'.)rnu.% 

„„,!  mv  l.r.>th..r  wl.o  w.-iv  pa-.-s  to  tl..'  Most  S.^rono  Quoon 
-  hi,|.lH-n..l  In  pMSSWlMMV  tlh'y  w.-iv,  th.-y  shniit.-d  to  tl.o 
vriv  Iwiivrns,  SMvin-:  '  /.'-^-  <'/  ///'"  •"•""•^  '.'/"  ^^"'  '^'  J"";"'  'f 
.yo.sn„ifo  Jm„<I,  nf  thai  „n>„  irhn  ha.^  ,lisn>nml  In'  loinl.s 
of  ,lr,;!l  <n„l  ,lis„i,i>ni„hi>n,L  o  pUm-  of  srj:uHtrr  a„<l 
■]n-rlrln;h,rss  In  ^l>,niisl,  hUUthjox:  luMlnj,'  n.iU.y  otlMT  in- 

Multiiij;  .'Xpn'ssioiiM,  on  which  larount  we  exoiis.Ml  ouiwlv..;t 

from  piiMsin,!,'  l)y  thcni."  .       ,.  •     . 

TliuMclam..r:in(lciilumnyk«'pl  ui)an  uncfasingain  tigainst 

th.'^'ivaf  AMiiiiial  iit  tlK' Spiiiiish  Court. ' 

K,.,,linan.l  ami  lsah».lla  chosH  Fraii.ls  Hoha-lilla  lor  the 
invosti-allon  of  alVairs  in  .ii.^  New  WoiM.  Thoy  author- 
ized hiiM  "toasc.'rtain  what  pi-rsons  haw  raised  tli.'ms.'lves 
5,.r;,inst  justi.v  in  til.'  ishiml  ol'  nispaniola,aml  to  proceed 
Mrridiist  tiiem  accordin-  to  law."  Am.m-  other  documents 
the  following  remarkabh!  letter  to  Columbus  was  given  him: 

"I)(m  Christopher  Columbus,  our  Admiral  of  the  Ocean: 
We  have  commanded  the  (.'on.endador  Francis  ch'  Hobadilla, 
the  bearer  f)f  this,  that  he  speak  to  you  on  oui-  part  some 
things  which  he  will  tell  you.  We  pray  you  to  give  bun 
faith  and  credence,  and  act  m-cordingly. 

LTIIE  KlXa,        7,TIIKQrKEN. 

By  their  command,       j^i,chael  Pkrkz  dk  Almazax." 

On  the  2;Jrd  of  August,  in  the  year  1500,  Bobadilla  made 
liis  appearance  at  San  Domingo.  Ilispaniola.  The  Admiral 
was  at  Fort  Conception.  Bobadilla  immediately  summone.l 
the  Discoverer  of  America  to  appear  before  him,  sending 

H,.ocl.f..l  in  „n,l..rmi,>,„.  1.1.  r..pu...,lo„  ,.t  th.  Court  of  Spain.     »''''-•''/""-''•■;"'"'" 

«  ,o  1.U.1  fr...,uent  arc.,  lo  tho  Sovor..i«n-,  «.t..  ..nablcl  to  placo  ov.rythin«  urwH  af-a  nM  I . m 

' the   tro.  '    n  «,,.   «  Wh-  they  do.troy.-.l  th.  fore,  of  hi.  vlnrtication..    Ev.Ty  vchk-I  from   ho 

wvr     e^ne     i^ 

,  .1,  .1  to  rn.t  o(T  allocianro  to  Spain,  and  H.h.r  make  hi.nsolf  .ovorolKn  of  th.-  .ountri...  h<-  had 
di  ,.r"d  o  vM  th  n  into  tlu-  hand,  of  .on,.-  Cher  power,  a  Klan.lor  whi.h  however  extrava- 
«  n  Voaicula.ed  to  .tar.le  the  Jealou.  mind  of  Ferdinand^  .  The  n;-';;;^-}'';  "-, 
of  fal-ehood  will  cradually  wear  it-  way  into  the  most  candid  mind,  Isabel  a  herself  l.epnn 
1  lenfitr^  douur.  .  4ibell«  doubted,  but  the  jealous  mind  of  Ferdinand  felt  conviucoa 
—Irving.  » 


ll(Ult('<l    lu    tll»' 

hi'  A<l  III  hill '.'/ 
rrd  I  III'  hi  mis 
iijuili-lirr  iiikI 
luiny  (»tli«'r  in- 
iis('<l  ()urst'lv»';t 

in^din  a;^airi.st 

l);i«lillii  for  tlw; 
Tlu'V  autlior- 
scd  tliciiist'lvcs 
ind  to  proct'cd 
luT  documents 
was  givi'ii  liiui: 

1  of  the  Ocean: 

is  de  Holtadilla, 

our  part  some 

i)U  to  give  bir.i 

K  Al.MAZAX." 

Bobadilla  mado 
,  The  Admiral 
itely  summoned 
re  him,  sending 


,  Wi"  encmlcn  were  hut  too 
hop  Fonncrii,  niul  olhiTH 
rythliiK  uracil  Ujiain^t  him 
IK.  Every  venHcl  from  tho 
ani-u<'«I  that  CoUimbuH  in- 
Kti  of  the  countrii'ii  he  hud 
■r  which  however  cxtrava- 
Thc  inociinant  rt'ix'tition 
1,  Tmilii'lln  lierfclf  liogim 
[''vrdiimiid  felt  conviuccd 


cnnisroriiim  roi.  vMiwa. 


14:. 


him  tlie  i'ov;;l  letter,  ('oliiinl)us  without  delay  obeyed  the 
summouH  of  this  shallow  and   insolent  man;  )>'  t   scare  ly 

lia<I  lie  ii]»|ie;iied  liefore  I  he  giiles  (if  SiiU   DoMliriU'o,   when    lie 

was  rudely  seized,  j>iit  ill  irons,  and  <unlined  in  f|,e  Inrtress. 
His  hrotlieiM  were  similarly  tre.iled.  Aecusiitions  fell 
llncUly  (Ml  the  venerahh?  head  of  the  Adndial.  "''riie  stom.s 
lose  II])  against  him  and  his  biothers,"  says  thi'  histoiiiin 
Heirera. 

Witli  a  stupid  briilality,  which  we  may  «'haiitaMy  siip- 
pos(t  he  took  for  vigor,  Itolnidilla  decided  to  sliip  Coliiiiibus 
and  his  brothers  in  chains  (<>  Spain. 

Till  prisoners  were  given  in  charge  of  Alon/o  de  N'illejo, 
an  olii<'er  iu  tlieemi»loy  of  IJishop  l-'onseca,  who  unhappily 
is  thought  to  have  been  the  secret  instigattu-  of  all  those  vio- 
lent proceedings.  N'illejo,  however,  v>as  a  man  (»f  honorable 
<'liai'actei'  and  generous  feelings,  and  showed  himself  siijie- 
rior  to  the  low  malignity  of  his  patron.  When  he  arrived 
with  a  guard  to  conduct  the  Admiral  from  the  piistui  to  the 
sliip,  he  found  him  in  chains,  in  a  state  of  d<  ej)  desponden«'y, 
fearing  that  he  should  l)e  sacrihced  witluuit  a  hearing,  and 
tiiat  his  name  would  g;j  down  to  posterity  sullied  with 
im|)ute(l  crimes. 

Seeing  the  olncer  enter  with  the  guard,  Columbus  thought 
it  was  to  conduct  him  to  tlu  s<'aiIold.  "\'illejo,"  said  tie, 
mournfully,  "whither  are  you  taking  me <"  "To  the  ship, 
your  Excellency,  to  embark,"'  rejilied  the  oilier.  "'I'o 
embark!''  echoed  the  Admiral.  "  Villejo,  do  you  speak  the 
truth?"  "By  the  life  of  your  Excellency,"  repli -d'  the  hon- 
est ofTicer,  "it  is  true!"  With  these  words  the  Admiral 
was  comforted,  and  felt  as  one  restored  from  death  to  life. 
The  caravels  set  sail  early  in  October,  bearing  off  CoKimbus, 
shackled  like  the  vilest  of  culprits,  amidst  the  scoiTs  and 
shouts  of  a  miscreant  rabble,  who  took  a  brutal  joy  in  heap- 
ing insults  on  his  veneiablo  head,  and  sent  curses  after  him 
from  the  island  he  h;  d  so  recently  added  to  tiie  civilize:^ 
world.  Fortunately,  the  voyage  was  favorable  and  of  mod- 
erate duration,  and  was  rendered  less  irksome  to  (..'olumbus 
by  the  conduct  of  those  to  whom  lie  was  given  in  custody. 


149 


vniii!<rnruEn  vol r.vnrs. 


Til.'  worthy  Vill.'j..,  us  wrll  as  Amlivw  M.ulin,  llw  m.strr 
of  tlM'  <-ai!ivrl,  always  tivat.'cl  him  with  p.ulomi.l  ivs|K.rr 
an.l  as.i.l.i.MiH  attoiith.:..  Th-y  wmihl  huvr  lak.-n  ul.  his 
irons.  I.uf  to  tills  h-  w..uia  not  roiismt.  -No.  sma  Im', 
with  Chiisllan  .li;inity,  -llM'ir  Majrstlrs  ,<minKin.hMl  in.'  by 
l.-ll.T  to  siil.init  to  what.-vH-  M..h;..lillM  shonhi  onl.T  in  tli.'ir 
nam.';  bv  Hu'lr  authority  li-  has  put  upon  lur  tli.'s.M-haiiis-  I 
will  w.'ar  tlifin  until  tlu-y  shall  ..r.l.-r  tla-n.  to  1...  taUrn  ol, 
an.l  1  will  aft.'r\var.ls  pu-s.-rv  tli.'in  as  r.'li.-s  and  ni.-ni..rials 
unii.'r.'war.lof  my  s..rvi.'.'H."  .    .     , .    t,.  ,  ..t 

"II.'  .li.l  so,"  a.hls  liis  s.m  K.-i.linan.l,  in  Ins  llishny  ; 
saw  th..m  alwavs  lian^'inK  in  his  .".1.111.'!,  an.l  h.'  r...in..sto(l 
tliat  wh.'n  h.'  .U.-.l  th.'y  mijiht  I..'  hmi.'.l  with  him. 

How  stran;;.':  ColnmiMis  ^niv.'  Sp.iin  a  n.'W  worl.l ;  ami,  in 
return,  Spain  h.mU'.l  him  with  tVtt.'is.    S.m.ii,  how.'V.'r,  tli.w 
was  a  rea.-ti.ui.     'IMi.'  nati..n  h.-cam.'  s.-iisihl.^  ui  its  in-rati- 
tn.l.'  t.»  its  p.'at  l)..n.'la.-t..r.     Th.'   nohility  w-re   sh...-k.'. 
at  this  insult  to  ...1..  ..!■  th.'ir  .mu  ..r.h'r ;  ami  no  Hoom-r  ha.l 
F..r.rnian.l    i....l    Isal-.-lla   l.'ani.'.l    from    Clumhiis   ..f  his 
arrival,   ami  of  his   .lis-ra.v,  than  th..y  issn.'.l   imm.Mliat.^ 
onl.'rs  for  his  lih.'rati.m,  aiul  summ..u.Ml  him  to  the  (  .airt 
jit  (;rana.la,  f..rwanlin-  m.m.-y   t..  .-nahl..  him    t..  pr..c.H'd 
th.Mvin  a  stvle  b.'lit.in,-  his  rank.     11.^  was  receiv.-.l  with  all 
possible  maVks  of  distin.-tion.     'Ph..'  Sov.'r.'i-ns  ivpu.liat.'a 
H..lKi.lilla'H  arbitrary  i.r...vv.lini-s.  an.l  pr..mis.".l  th.'  .V.lmiral 
nm.p.«nsati..n  an.l  satisfaction.     T..  sitriiify  th.'ir  .'i.tiiv  .lis- 
appmvul  ..1   th..  way  in  whi.-li  li..ba.lilla  ha.l  act.'.!  un.l.'r 
their  <.ommissi..n,  they  point.'.Uy  r.'fus.'.l  b.  in.|.ure  int..  the 
charfies  a^^inst   Columbus,   ami   dismiss.ul    th.'iu    as    not 
w.>rthv  of  investi^'ati.)!!.' 

The'a-'ea  discover.n-  of  America  now  f..und  the  r.-st  r<.i 
which  he  had  so  l..n-  si-h.'.l.  That  third  v..ya-..  whi.-h 
had  seemin-lv  termim.t.'.l  so  disastn.nsly,  had  really  m..r.'| 
than  answ..iv.l  all  his  prayer^,  He  had  saih-.l  in  s.-a.rh  ..f 
Vsia,  an.l  had  foun.l  Ameri.-a.  T..  him  who  had  been  .-...s.-n 
to  dis.'.)ver  the  first  land  in  the  West  ha.l  been  granted  also 

'T\7^^^nTDon  NicholM  Uc  Ovat.do  «»»  uUo  «cnl  lo  .upcr.cde  DobuailU  In  a.»- 
pniUuln. 


ciimsTni'iiKit  f'oi.  r.vnrs. 


■;7 


II,  iIk'  iinstiT 

liikfii  ulV  his 
<(>."  s;iiil  ln', 
miuKmI  iiu'  by 
iddt'r  in  their 
Ii('s«'ch!iiiis;  I 

\)V  llllvfll  oil", 

lul  nu'iuorials 

Ulish.ry:  "T 
lir  It '»!  IK'S  tod 
iiiii! 

K»il(l ;  and,  in 
lowi'vt'r,  t licit" 
t»l'  its  in^rati- 

U'lf      Nllt)t'l\<'tl 

[lo  sttttntT  Imtl 
iiiiibiis  t)f  liis 
»'d  iniiiictliiitt' 
1  to  tlit^  Ctdiit 
m  tt>  pitx'i't'd 
[•eivt'tl  witli  all 
;ns  ivpiidiatt'tl 
•d  tlu'  Adiniial 
H'ir  t'litirc  tlis- 
,tl  acted  untlfi" 
n<|nirt*  into  tlie 
tlu'in    as    not 

id  the  rest  for 
voyajj;e,  whifli 
ad  really  more 
'd  in  search  of 
ladbeen  ehoseli 
Ml  grantetl  also 

riivdc  BobaJUIa  in  ili»- 


fhe  first  siirlit  i\^  the  ^reat  eoritliieiit,  though  this  \v;is  111 
1 1  s.  tind  already  in  I  ••>.■>  the  roval  san«'fi<»n  hiid  been  n'twn 
to  private  a(l\entiiie.  It  is  sii;iiiu:c  indcpti,  tliat  in  ilittst* 
three  years  no  bold  iiiaiiiiei'  was  nlile  to  wrest  from  ('oiiiiii- 
bus  that  seeondary  j;lory. 

The  Adiiiinil  was  iierfeetly  aware  of  the  ;{reat  resiiltM 
which  he  had  achieved,  and  his  activt*  and  viLroroiis  iniiid, 
no   |oii;if('i-    t»ccii|iied    with    ten    thoiisjind    petty    details   of 

anxious  ;;overillliellt.  leveitt'd  jit    oiice  to  the  master  tholi;;ht 

which  pive  epic  unity  to  his  entire  career.  In  tieep  nietlita- 
tioii  in  the  Franciscan  convents  at  (iranathi  and  Ziibin.  Ik* 
traced  the  coiint>ction,  to  him  so  natural  and  so  iiilimate, 
belweeii  tlit^  discttvery  t»f  new  nations  and  the  re coiupiest, 
t>f  .leriisaleiii  He  Inid  strt>n^iy  j;rasped  the  fundamental 
truth  that  tht>  actions  of  men  have  their  meaninu' and  xiIiih 
fl<»in  I'el'erelice  to  ihtf  life  of  .bsiis  Christ.  The  only  iliiiij; 
lejilly  worthy  (»f  ('hristian  aniiiifioii  was  to  spreatl  the  hinjx- 
ilomof  (,'hrist.  Dynastiti  wars  were  not  w(»rth  »nie  tlittuiiht; 
but  when  if  wan  proposed  tt>  rescue  the  Indy  places  from 
tlie  iiilidel  Turk,  a  Christian,  Columbus  supposed,  nii^dit 
well  be  tilad  to  sj»eiid  money  and  labor  and  life  itself.  He 
WIS  tilled  with  zeal.  He  saw  in  his  own  name,  the  "Christ- 
bearer,"  a  symb(»l  of  his  wtjrk.  Whether  he  stro\  ft) 
extend  the  boundaries  of  the  Church,  or  fi>  restore  f»»  ilm 
Church  her  former  p(»ssessioiis;  whether  he  labored  fo  con- 
vert jtoor  i<jinorant  pajians  to  the  knowled<;('  of  Christ,  <tr  to 
wrest  from  obstinate  enemies  the  objects  tif  Christian  ivve- 
I'eiice,  he  was  always  thinkiiij.j  litiw  to  advance  the  cause 
of  Ilim  wl:(tni  in  more  than  name  he  carried. 

That  this  is  no  fancy  of  his  Catholit;  admirers,  the  Ad- 
mirars  own  wrifin^rs  abundantly  prove.  The  wealth  f)f  the 
Indies— fo  follow  his  train  t)f  tliou<rht — woiibl  insure  the 
rect)very  of  the  Holy  Sejmlchre;  the  recovery  of  the  \U)\y 
Seimlchre  wdultl  increase  charity,  and  s<>nd  evangelists  to 
tht>  Indies.  Distant  nations  must  be  added  to  the  fold,  ami 
Christians  mv.st  be  free  t)nce  more  to  worship  Christ  at 
Bethlehem  and  Calvary.  The  ^rand  idea  which  filled  the 
mind  and  claimed  the  whole  soul  ol  Columbus  was  to  make 


US 


ciniisropuKR  vowMnvs, 


a  lilj^hway  ronml  tlir  .nnth.  an<l  biinji  th*'  rmtlonM  In  ulllini? 
li.miiiK''  t*»  tl»«'  ^'''f  "f  •'•"<'»'•  ^'l»'^''  iviKnln-,'  (•!»••.'  lU'.n.  in 
.Icnisiil.'ii"  of  tli»'  ClirisMims. 

lir  could  hot  v.'t  miiivh  ii^ruin^t  tli.-  liifKl.'!    Vnik.  I>ut  In* 
(•(Mild  ••oiitiiiiii'  liiM  iMojiicss  nniiid  tin'  unild;  iuid  ihili*  v«-rv 
NliMirlv   w.'   IIik'.   hlrn   (i;4aiu.  l'"roiv   li.-   had   iv.Titlr.'d    \\U 
8tn'iiKfli,  n.akin;^  applifati  m  to  Hi.- S.iv.'ivijitiH  tul...  s.-nt  on 
tt  fiTHli  »'X|M>di(iou.     'I'll.'  indondlaltl.'  old  man  uoiil'l  lallitT 
dii'iii  harnos^  lliaii  Ica.l  iiu  i  Ih-  Mf-'.     l*i«'f«'Maiii  lihtmiain 
mIi(»\v  ilirir  inal.ility  to  appivciat.'  that  piofumidly  ivlkloiis 
charactoi-  which  th;>y  univ.M'sally  ascrllM'  to  Colnmhiis.  wli.-u 
they  can  only  m.'«'  iii  thi^  dcsliv  of  a  romth  voyau'c  the  lov- 
of  ;ldorva;id"thi"  f.'iirof  bcinjx  <'i'!i{)Hcd  hy  rival  Ma\i-ral«ii'H. 
Ho  hiaiH  ir  HoU'niMly  asi»»rfM  Ihit  th.-M-  w.-ic  not  his  niotivtN. 
In  thi>  couixi-  of  his  ni  'ditatlous  a  ^n-at  Id.'a  tlanhrd  upon 
the  .nind  ot  ColuMihiis.     Ills  cncliisjon^.  it  niiy  !>«•  Mail, 
wci-csonictinK's  inoiv.M.irt'ct  than  hi^  pi-'niisos.     The  ;,nvat, 
cunvnt  s.-ttinK  westward  fn.rn  the  (Jnlf  of  I'aria  must  llml 
tin  outlet  Homewhere,  he  sup|>osed.  to  the  west,  and  livinj< 
asserts  fliat  he  fixed  in  his  mind  tlie  reuioii    >f  the  IsllmutH 
of  nnrit),  for  the  ]>rol)al»le  locality,     lie  was  mistaken,  aM 
it  happened,  but  Ihr  !f>ns.s  mil  sh(ni;/rfi/  iii'.ir  Hif  truth. 
It  was  to  tlnd  this  strait,  and,  liavin^  passed  thronu'li  it, 
to  continue  his  vovajr- ''/•«'///'/  tli>'  /''"//"'.  'ln't  he  now  pm- 
l)()sed  to  resume  the  thread  of  his  discoveries.     The  (l-si-u 
found  much  favor  with  F*'r.linand,  for  ho  envied  IVuluj^^al 
her  lucrative  Asiatic  expeditions. 

Columhus,  however,  thorouuhly  distrusted  Ferdinand. 
He's  felt  that,  in  the  event  of  lsal>ella's  death,  all  his  past 
services  would  l>e  for;;ott»'n,  and  all  solemn  conventions 
would  !)•'  disref^arded,  as  far,  :\\  least,  as  ])ul)lie  opinion  mifiht 
permit:  ami  that  if,  as  was  not  Improlmhie,  he  hims..|f 
should  lose  his  life  ii  this  voya^^e,  his  children,  willi  a 
crowd  of  loud  an.l  hitler  eaemies  of  their  father  r<Mind  them, 
would  he  defraud<><l  of  their  ri«,djts.  and  that  in  con-equeiice 
his  iLcrand  designs  lor  the  service  of  the  Chnrdi  would  i)erish 
with  himself.  He  took  the  mos^.  extraordinary  ])recautions. 
At  this  time  he  was  in  actual  poverty,   living  ui)ou  his 


riiHisTitriiKH  vot  r.vnrin 


Kil 


riH  in  wlllini^ 
nt»'  nioi-u  in 

'iii'k.  l>ut  lin 
nl  iliim  v«'rv 

lu  !)••  M«'nt  oil 
xtiii'l  nitlicr 
it  liii^tiiiiitaH 
lly  I'fliiilniis 
iml>iM,  ^\ li"':i 

lllit'  tli<*    lovM 

Ills  niDtivi'H, 
tliislifd  lljxm 
iiiy  !>«'  s:{\\, 
Tilt'  j^rt'iit, 
la  must  lliul 
I,  and  living; 
flic  Isl/niniH 
niistaUi'ri,  a^ 
,•/•  the  Irnth. 
I  through  it, 

liH  now  |ir<»- 

'I'hc  <l'si,u;n 

led  lNiitu;j,al 

I  Fcnlinand. 
all  Ids  piist 
c()nv«'iiti(»ns 
ipinton  nd;;;ht' 
',  \w  hiniHi'lf 
drcn,  with  a 
•  nmnd  tlifin, 
I  con«oqiu'noo 
wcudd  iM'ii.sh 
■  ])recauti()nM. 
ng  upon  his* 


•'♦•>:p»M'tufl.»nM"  of  juMricM,  and  I'lsrlalm^uf  unpaid  n\<'ii)i'>, 
III*  \vh»f»»  an  anxliMiH  h'tU'i'  t<»  th»«  Sov«>i'«  i^ns  riToniiiicndiMtf 
l)>  tlii'in  lti-<  fliildri'ii  and  his  iMothciH  ait.  r  his  dt>iith. 

lli-«  rvidt'iif  sulii'it  idf  jfuv«'  r«'iil  pain  fu  Isidtclla.  and  i'i»i«> 
nn»H'  all  his  liyhrs  wcm  Huli'iiialy  «;uni'uiit«'t'd  Ity  a  joint 
IrffHfcif  iliH  Sovi'fi'i^ns.  litit  cvi'n  tl.is  could  hot  ctilni  ills 
f«':ii's,  |h!|Im'||!i'm  pior«'!sfiitions  w»'h>  sup*'itliioiis,  l''t'i"limind'H 
\\o|||ll('.«*s.  roliinilMis  ronsittlU'd  a  ropy  (if  ui'  the  liirlifs 
«'oiM'<'di'd  lo  iiinis«'ir  iitid  his  hi'iis  to  Ihr  niii"  «d  th»>  (iciUM'sc 
Atnbassiidof.  and  ask«>d  liini  to  li>t  hi^  t«ld«>.  *  noii,  hoti  .tani«>i4, 
Know  whi'if  it  was  to  h^  foiuK'..  Another  ropy  h«'  h*ft  with 
flif  l''ran<  iscaas,  and  aiiorliiT  with  th«'  aioiiUs  of  St.  .Irrona*. 
Il»'  drew  lip,  inotfovfi',  wiitt«'ii  hiHtiuctioiis  to  liclji  .laiia-s 
in  niiilvia;;  ^ood  his  claims,  which  wore  siit'c  to  he  conli'sr<>(l. 
Il«>  alsf.»  wrot«>  to  tliM  Holy  Father  at  this  fiiin',  «'xpi'*ssinj5 
his  K'jiiivt  lit  havini^  Wvn  iiniildc  to  rcliitc  fo  him  with  his 
own  lips  the  story  (d'  llic  «'nt«'rpiis»',  <»ii>iiiiiilly  ntidcitaken 
and  consistently  pros«'<'utcd  foi-  the  j4:lory  of  <j<>d  and  th«» 
«litfiision  of  the  faith,  lie  speaks,  of  course,  of  the  Holy 
Sei»iilchre.  and  is  sure  that  Satan  is  to  Jilaine  for  the  tlnvart- 
iaj^  (tf  his  pious  piiipose,  which  will  retpiiie  money  and 
power,  and  that  now  he  is  possessed  <if  neither. 

He  played  that  hl.s  son  Fei<linand  mi)u;ht  he  permitted  to 
accoiii|inny  him  on  tlie  expedition,  and  Isaheila  nave  tlieboy  a 
UJiViil  <'oiiimission.  Don  liaitholoinew  was  at  first  disposed 
1<»  hold  hack,  (jood  Christian  tlioujuh  he  was,  he  thought 
fhnr  the  itlusa^e  whi<'h  they  had  experienced  wt'iit  ltey(aid 
human  ondiiraiur,  an<l  lie  u:is  in  n(»  mood  to  continue  to 
.serve  utijxrateful  Spain,  Muf  tli«'  si<«ht  of  his  luiihle  hrother, 
■still  serene  and  brave,  untamed  by  disapp  intnient,  iincon- 
(piered  by  of»))o.sition,  faithful  to  tim  end,  made  him 
ashamed  of  Ins  weakm'ss.  He  w(»uld  n(»t  let  the  Admiral  p» 
alone,  just  when  most  he  needed  the  help  of  a  str<m/,'  arm 
and  a  lovinjj^  heart.  Don  James  obeyed  aiatther  vocation. 
He  had  h'd  in  alt  the  turmoil  of  Hispaniola  a  life  worthy  of 
the  most  sacred  ('tilling,  and  he  now  reco;;^nized  the  will  of 
(Jud,  and  began  his  .studies  for  tli"  i)riesthood. 
In  his  fourth  voyage,  (Adumbns,  as  already  stated,  pro- 


I 


tt» 


cnntsTornm  ror  r  v/it'x 


••l^im*  lo  |»i'o\iil«'  liiiii  uitli  fuiu' vi'H)-»>h  anil  |>r«ivi"«lonH  for 
twoyt'tUH,  nmlh'lHlMif  M:iy.  I.Vh.Mli.'pivitiiiHtiniiswrnMotK- 
ltltri',  mill  li'>v»'f  Mail  ftoiii  Caili/.  hiniiiu'  ^^tlll  lii))>  lii"*  Ixnilicr, 
hull  H:iulii»|.»iiii'\v.  mill  liiM  «oii  K»'iiliiiiiiitl.  .\s  till  liiJ»laiin» 
of  tli»'  Kifut  old  AilmimrM  chlviilitHiH  lovt'  of  inlvriitur»'. 
It  may  Im-  i.ii'iitinin'tl  that  iiim.ii  lifaihiu;  tlmf  flu*  l*i»itim:ii«'st» 
fnihos  of  Ar/illa  on  ilir  Afi'uaii  <oa>t  \\i\'<  lM'>i.'jrf(!  I.y 
tlif  Mooi«*,  Im'  at  oiH'f  pion'('(|»'il  to  Its  rclUf.  NNluii  hu 
riMrln'il  If,  )io\V(>vtM',  tli»'  >i\t%t*  \\»H  ralsctl. 

TmiiiMK  till'  plows  of  Ills  ships  lowauls  iln«  Npu  WoiM, 
ln'  nii'f  Willi  a  pioNpi'ioiis  voyaift'  until  lu-ar  llispaiiiola.  !l<' 
urtivftl  ..tr  tli«'  liail>or  of  San  l)oiiiin;ro  at  an  iiiifavoralil<' 
iiHMia-nt.  Tli«'  plai'f  was  llll.-d  with  th»'  most  vlnihiil  of 
bis  »in'iiii«'s.  In  lh«'  harlior  lay  tin*  tlfft  which  lia<l  lnoimlil 
out  ()van<l(>.  It  \N  IS  ivady  to  put  losi-a.  'I'ln-  cxpfiit-iii'id 
ryp  of  ('oliiinluis  li.li.'iil  in  tli»«  tlistain-t'  an  approaching 
hunicanc.  Il»«  was  anxious  to  shcltfr  his  own  squa(lr<in  in 
th«!  harbor,  ami  sent  a  nu'ssajr*',  askin;c  iH-iniissioii  to  i!o 
ho,  and  advisiiiir  Ovaiido  of  tin-  coiiiin«  si(»riii,  and  lh«' 
dun^'cr  of   h'tliiiK  the  flct  sail  for  Spain. 

Ovando  sternly  forhade  the  Admiral  t<»  enter  the  harbor 
on  any  ae<'ount;  and  he  retire(l  from  the  river  indifiiiant  at 
beln«  refused  shelter  in  the  v«'ry  island  which  he  had  diseov- 

I  Ciiliimlius  riitiri'lvi'il  mi  ii|iliili>ri  llint  iii'.vnnil  llii'  lotillni'nt  iit  Aiinrlni  tin  rr  "ii«  ii  "in  wlili  li 
rxti'iiiird  lo  till'  Kii'l  Inilli'.  iiml  Ih'Ih'iI  I"  llml  «>mii'  drilt  .ir  nurriiw  im  rk  of  Imiil,  liy  wlilch  a 
riiiiiiiiMiili  illoii  iiilu'lit  111'  "iMiiril  "Itli  li  mill  III!'  |iiirl  iif  tin-  ikimiii  iilnnily  kiHiwii.  H)  n  very 
rortiiunti'  1  iiiiji'diiri',  In-  iiiiiiiiiwimI  iIiI«  .Iruit  or  iKtlimim  lo  b.    .liiii'iU  m  iir  llii'  (lulf  "f  Durlfii,  - 

Ull-'fllllllH. 

».liii.l  111  flirt'  wlli..;j  line  on  lil"  foiirlli  vnyflin«,  CoIiimliiiK  wrrfi'  n  «triinc  li'll'T  to  FiTilIni'  •', 
n'priiaclilim  llir  KliiU  «lil'  <lii'  iri'UliiU'iil  wlilili  iii^  liiiil  milMil.  iiml  with  Itn'  «iiiil  iif  iniiHiliiir  ' 
nmiilfi'i-U'il  towariU  lilm  now,     Kinllimiiil,  who  wull  know  tlii>  uw  of  word",  »i'iil  it  »o<illilii« 

reply. 

•  Yon  iiii'.'lil  to  ()('coii\liir.il,"  wroir  Ilir  Hiiiinl-li  KliiK,  "of  our  ill»iili'ii«im'  iit  voiir  riipllvltv, 
fm  Wi'  lo«i  not  a  nmnirni  in  wltlim  vm  fri'i'.  Voiir  liinon  ncr  U  wrll  known.  You  iiri'  ttwiirr  of 
Ihi'  i'on»lil>T;illoii  Mini  frlinil-hlp  Willi  Willi  h  WI'  liiiM'  triiiti'il  yon.  Tlif  fuvoMwIikli  yon  haiu 
rcniM'il  fioni  111  i.|iiir.  not  lie  ilii'  liint  iliiil  you  will  ri'irlvr.  Wr  M«»nn'  to  you  your  priillri.'r'i. 
•ml  iiri'  ilit-lriMK  lliiil  you  iinil  your  clillilri'ii  iniiy  I'lijoy  tlu'in.  W'f  otTir  to  voiillrni  thi'in  lo  yon 
URiln  iinil  to  put  yourilili"!  win  In  po-i '-hIoii  of  all  your  t)ft\vf-',  uliini'viT  you  wIhIi.  .  .  .  vVi' 
bi'tf  you  to  »vt  out  iiH  "oini  im  po<«llili'." 

»  ".\i,'i'.'  wrlii'"  Inlni;.  ■wiin  Mpully  ninklntf  lt»  Bilvnnrr*  npon  Coliinilui', 'vln-n  lie  iindiTtook 
blK  foorlli  Miyiiiri'  III  iliiTOMry  lli'  wii"  now  iilioul  *(.i7»-«/r  yiiir*  of  iitti'.  Ill"  lonBlltiilloi, 
oriL'iiKillv  il'joroiiii  In  llu'  ixtri'nic.  hnil  bicn  iinimlri'il  liy  liurili>lilli»  In  I'MTy  cllini',  iiiiil  hy  tliu 
nii.'rl.il  ^"iil'.'irliii{n  lie  li.iil  unilii-^'oin'." 


cnnisiornKn  rns  vmuva 


n\ 


titivi^loiiH  for 

nils  wt'M'rulK. 
II  liiH  IikiIImt, 
4  nil  in>titiin> 
if  uilvcmiiif. 
•'  I'ortiiunr.so 

r.     NVii.ii   lu. 

Nt>u  Woilil, 
'paiiiola.  lh> 
1  tiiifiivoialilc 
t  viinlt'iit  of 

IiikI  hlnll^llt 
'   cXlMTit'lli'itl 

iippruiM'iiiii;; 
I  Mqtiadi'oit  ill 
iUnIoii  t<>  ilo 
iiii,    iiiid    tlio 

I'  (lit'  hiiibor 

iiKii^niMiit  at 

H'  had  dhroV' 


till  rr  "n«  n  »rri  hIiIiIi 
k  of  liiiiil,  li)  nllli'h  It 
ly  kiHuvM.  H.\  n  vi'ry 
liu'  (liilf  iif  Durlon.  - 

ir  IrlliT  In  KiTilIni": '', 
III'  uiiiit  of  I'linltdcnr! 
Urdu,  M'lit  it  iKMithliiK 

"iin-  nt  vniir  rn|>flvlly, 
n.    Yi>ii  lire  nwuri'  of 

uvorH  wlikli  )<>ii  liavti 

I  you  your  prlvllri;!*, 
I'liiitlrni  ihi'in  lo  you 

IT  ymi  «l»!i.  .  .  .  vVi' 

».  'vliin  Ih>  iiiidiTKiiik 
av.    Mix  conxlltiillo'i, 

IT>  I'lllIU',  Ullll    l)J  tliu 


vTii],  V*i'\\nMvu\\\\i\v\\i,  hiivu'vt'r,  tliar  »  t  'irHili'wfnrm  w.iHiit 
hand,  li<<  Ixi'pt  i'|i»<4M  fo  lhi>  Nlinh',  iiiiiikiii;{  to  i»li<>lti>r  liiiii>4)'lf 
ill  N.iiiif  u ild  h\\\  or  rlvi-r. 

Hill  sn I\  a  il|.|il<'  |i:iHs«'i|  oviT  llit>  Ni'ii,  trai'i'i'ly  a  lirititll 

istirii'd  til)'  liiMiriant  fullap*  on  tlio  Nlioh*.  Ovaiido,  iilli>d 
Willi  liaii^jlity  iKiioiatU'it.  ncoiiumI  ilit>  Admlnirrt.siijij(.vs»|o!i  In 
I't'ixaid    to  d»'la\iiiK  tlii'  dfpai turn  of   tin'  s\\\\\s  for  S|iii|ii. 

a'l'liis  flrt'f  was  tln'  liflicHt  ill  niri^o  lliaf  l\iid  »Mi'r  It'ft  tlio 
island 4.  It  roiitaiiii-d  all  tln'  pild  ulii'h  fiad  lit'i-ti  wrnii^ 
out  of  tlM>  nalivos  liy  Holiadijia's  haisli  nu'tii-uit's.  Of  oim 
nii;.',!;t'l,  «',s)M  rially,  tlic  'dil  rlironiclfi'^  sprak  in  tlm  most 
ji'owiii'^  tt'iins.  Act'ordin;;  to  I'x'iii,  it  was  i||i>  lar^i'st  pIi'CM 
of  virgin  ';oii|  vwv  di-<r(»\ftrd,  It  was  a<cid«'nliilly  foiiiid 
liy  am  Indian  vvoniaii  at  flip  niiiM.i,  \vliil«>  niri>li>s.Hly  moving 
Ik'I'  i'ak(«  to  and  fro  in  the  water  on  •  day  iliirin^  dinner  linu'. 
Its  value  was  esiiiiiattd  at  l.:i.*(i.uo(»  niaravedis  ;  ■  and  in  llie 
fe>ti\  iiies  wliiel,  (uok  piaiT  oil  * Ii  occasion  it  "wvas  used  as  u 
disli  for  :i  roast  pi^f,  the  miners  NiyiiijU^  tliat  ni<  KiiiM'«if  ('as- 
tiie  Ind  ever  feasted  Ivolii  u  didi  oi  Miirli  villlie.  We  do  t'ot 
iiiid  tliat  llie  poor  'iidi.iii  wi.'niin  iiad  ai»y  part  in  (lie^'iod 
foiliiiii'.  Indeed,  as  Las  (  ases  oliserves.  slie  v.iis  liapp;^  If 
Klie  had  even  iiliv  jiortioii  of  tli"  mem,  not  fo  speak  of  tlie 
dish.  Holiadilla,  Miou^li  a  seoiindre],  was  not  a  Idoekheiid. 
He  purchased  fl,'  iiu;<k«''^  f'"'  I''<'rdinand  ami  Isabella,  and 
earefuily  shipped  it  with  .tflier  treasures  valiialile  eiKui'^h  to 
p>  a  ion;;  way  towards  coinpensatiiijj;  the  Spanish  Sdveiei^as 
for  all  I  heir  exiienditiire  on  the  new  Colony—//  the  Htet 
eould  <uiiy  reach  Spain  in  safety. 

Hut.  on  tile  second  d:  y  aiter  lis  deparlure,  the  prediction 
'-f  ('olumhus  5»ec}vme  terrilily  verified.  A  tornado  of  unex- 
ampled fury  swepr.  the  sens.  Tliose  on  shor»«  could  judp'  of 
the  fate  that  was  iikejy  ;o  befall  the  doomed  s<piadron,'as 
many  of  the  lit\ildii,;rs  a»;d  trees  of  the  island  were  leveh'd 
with  the  ^ro.ind  by  tin*  «*uttin;;  force  <  f  tin-  wild  tempest. 
Of  all  the  ,shl)M,  only  onfi~?.Wi\  that  ti.e  frailest  of  the  fleet 
-  «ner  reurhed  tlie  .shores  of  sunny  Spain.     It  was  the  oin' 


>  Atioiit  99,000.       *  It  ."(invlitcd  of  ('li(lit('(>n  abiiM. 


1^  ciinisToriiHu  coLCMni'n. 

tliMt  csinled  the  Adiiiiiars  jjioixTty.'  nohadilla  Miid  his  ill- 
got  h'li  ^old  iicrlslicd  in  llic  iiii^iity  dci-p;  audit  would  uot 
be  sal"(>  to  tliiidi  tiiat  tin-  I'aiuous  uug^vt  w.-iil  far  t(.  plead 
liis  cause  l)t'f<»r('  the  jud^nu'iit-scat  of  (uxl. 

Columbus  and  his  four  littlf  vessels  braved  the  furi(Uis 
tempest  on  the  roast  of  llispauiola;  and,  though  three  of 
them  had  been  severely  strained,  the  Admiral's  own  ship 
received  no  dama.L-e  of  any  kind.  lie  succteeded  in  relittin^j;', 
and  set  sail  for  .bimaiea  on  the  14th  of  -July.  He  passed 
tliat  island,  meeting  with  light  winds  ajid  contrary  currents. 

For  about  nine  weeks  the  Adndral  made  so  little  progress 
that  his  crews  began  to  clamor  for  the  abandonment  of  the 
expedition.  The  shii)s  wei'e  leaky  and  worm-eaten.  Pio- 
visi(ms  were  running  shoit.  The  seamen  had  seen  their 
conunander  thrust  away  from  what  might  Iw  called  his  own 
door,  and  the  sight  of  his  jx'v.-erlessness  had  strengthened 
their  independence  until  it  anutunted  to  insubordinaticm. 
Ihippily,  however,  b(>fore  the  discontent  broke  out  into 
open  mutiny,  ii  breeze  sprsuig  up  from  the  east,  and  the 
Adndral  easily  persuade(l  his  unruly  crews  that  itwas])et- 
ter  to  prosecute  their  voyage  than  to  renmin  beating  about 
the  islets  waiting  to  return  home.  Yet,  from  that  time  for- 
ward, it  was  one  long  l)attle  witli  winds  and  waves.  Old 
age  was  beginning  to  nudve  itself  felt,  and  the  discoverer  of 
America  became  very  ill;  but,  full  of  the  sense  of  deep  re- 
sponsibility, he  had  his  bed  placed  in  a  house  on  deck,  from 
wliich  he  could  direct  the  course  of  the  ships,  and  superin- 
tend all  arrangements  whicli  the  public  safety  r(>quired. 

They  were  soon  gladdened  by  the  sight  of  the  pine-clad 
r:lopes  of  the  little  island  of  Guanaja,  which  lies  off  the 
coast  of  TTcmduras.  Here  there  api)eared  a  canoe,  much 
more  like  the  ships  of  the  Old  World  than  any  they  had 
.seen  before,  manned  by  twenty-live  Indians,  who  had  come 
from  the  mainland  on  a  trading  voyage  among  the  islands. 
Their  cargo  consisted  of  cotton  fabrics,  iron-wood  swords, 
flint  knives,  copper  axe-heads,  and  a  fnut  called  by  the 


•  ThiB  little  vousol  had  on  board  of  il  4,000  pieces  of  gold,  the  property  of  lUe  Admiral,  remitted 
to  .Spain  l)y  hie  agent.— /rii/ig. 


cniiisror//i:ii  coi.  I'Mnus. 


in:t 


a  and  his  ill- 
it  \v<»iil(l  not 
I'lir  t«»  i)h'a<l 

[  the  furious 
i^'li  tlirc*'  of 
I's  own  ship 
I  in  ri'littin^i*, 
lie  i)assc(l 
aiy  i'urn'nts. 
tt!«'  progress 
nnrnt  of  the 
-eati'n.  I'lo- 
(l  Hecn  their 
;illi'(l  his  own 
strcnfi'tlicniHl 
iboiclination. 
)ke  out  into 
■ast,  and  the 
at  it  was  bet- 
icating  about 
hat  time  for- 

waves.  Old 
dis('ov<>rei'  of 
i  of  deep  re- 
)n  deck,  from 
and  superin- 
required. 
the  pijie-clad 
li  lies  off  tho 

canoe,  ninch 
iny  they  had 
iho  had  eome 
j:  the  islands, 
vood  swords, 
ailed  by  the 


natives  cdcao,'  to  which  (he  Spaniards  were  now  introduced 
foi-  the  first  time.  Nor  were  they  slow  to  apjtreciiite  its 
merits.  The  veuerabii^  Admiral  tr<'ated  these  jieople  with 
great  kindness,  ami  won  their  cnnlidcnce  at  once  by  pK  - 
sentini;'  them  with  some  of  the  jiiiltering  toys  which  never 
fail  to  (Ia//le  the  (-hildisli  eye  of  the  liarbarian. 

Columbus  by  his  interpreter  nuule  many  inipiiiies,  and 
was  deeply  "iiterested  in  the  account  he  received  of  tiie  oreat 
and  rich  country  to  the  west.  Hut  not  even  that  <;dlden 
l)rize  'ould  tempt  him  to  renounce  the  predetermined  object 
of  his  voya.ue,  and  surrendei-  so  soon  his  seaich  after  the 
all-important  strait  which  was  to  disclose  to  Spain  a  path- 
way r(»und  the  world,  and  give  a  suitable  completeu<'ss  to 
his  own  IIeaven-ai)pointed  work.  Within  a  day  oi-  two, 
says  Irving,  he  would  have  arrived  at  Yucatan.  The  dis- 
covery of  Mexico  and  the  other  opident  countries  of  New 
Si)ain  would  have  necessarily  followed  ;  the  Southern  Ocean 
woidd  have  been  disclosed  to  hin>,  and  a  succession  of  si)leu- 
did  discoveries  woidd  have  shed  fresh  glory  on  his  <lccliniiig 
age,  instead  of  its  sinking  amidst  gloom,  neglect,  and  di.sap- 
Ijointmeiit. 

Steering  along  the  coast  of  Uondurjis,  he  reached  a  cape 
to  which  he  gave  the  name  <iruci<ts  a  Dins''  in  ])ious  thanks- 
giving for  the  southerly  turn  taken  by  the  land  at  that. 
l)oint.  The  east  winds,  which  liad  hitherto  (tbstructed  him, 
were  now  favorable  to  his  course  ahuig  the  coast.  The 
Admiral  himself  was  unable  to  move,  but  as  it  was  Sunday, 
and  the  eve  of  the  Feast  of  the  Assumi)tion,  Don  Bartholo- 
mew and  the  captains  and  many  of  the  men  v.ent  ashore  to 
hear  Mass."  Then  there  soon  followed  a  wearv  struirijle 
against  head-winds  and  contrary  currents,  with  continual 
rain  and  water-spouts,  and  such  dreadful  lightning  that  death 


;he  Admiral,  roiiiUted 


'  The  rliocolutc  trco:  if  arows  to  tlio  lici^l.t  of  Iwoiily  or  tliirty  feet,  williii  lin>iMii>li  iHirk.niiil 
iK'urti  u  plll|)i^ll  I'riiit,  fontainiii);  »veA»  of  u  Hut,  oIiIoiik  sliajx',  from  wliicli  cliocolmu  W  madi'. 

■■'  "  Tliiinks  !)('  to  CJod."  Tills  capo  jct  rct«ln»  llie  nume  gl\on  it  l)y  tin-  un'ut  Adminil.  See  a 
map  of  Coiitriii  Aiii'Tica. 

'  Tiic  /irst  MapM  on  the  mainland  \\n»  said  on  tlio  const  of  Pariii  in  llic  jncvious  voyncc.  Tim 
lionor  of  liavlns  plant<'d  tlic  (Irst  cronn  in  llic  New  World,  l)y  wliicli  posfiil)ly  tlie  mainland  of 
America  is  mount,  ia  ulaimud  for  a  father  of  tlie  Order  of  Mercy.— i^uVier  Kniijht,  S.  J. 


154 


CUniSTOPlIER  COLUWBVff. 


and  tlio  end  of  tlie  world  wciv  in  tin-  tlionj-litsof  all.  Fatljor 
Aloxand.T,  a  Fram-iHcan,  th(^  only  priest  on  board,  adminis- 
tered the  saeranients  to  all  on  the  same  ship  with  him,  and 
in  the  other  vessels  the  men  made  their  confessions  to  one 
another,  and  waited  for  death.' 

The  A<lmiral  says  that  the  stcmtest  liearts  (inailed,  and 
that  he  had  never  \nown  a  tempest  so  violent  and  so  loiii;- 
endnrinj;,  and  that  in  sixty  days  they  iiad  advanced  only 
seventy  ]eai?nes.  lie  felt  his  own  -nd  appriKichin^",  and  was 
distressed  to  think  that  he  was  directly  resjM.nsii.le  for  th.> 
d(>ath  of  his  broth.M-  and  his  son,  whom  lie  had  persuaded 
to  hear  him  company. 

Mat  thonyh  they  had  been  pnrsued  by  rain,  and  storm, 
and  liuhtiunfx,  the  ^a-eatest  danger  was  now  at  hand.  On 
the  b")th  of  DecenilxM',  while  the  Admn-al  was  still  in  bed, 
and  seemingly  in  his  last  a<,'(my,  wild  shrieks  came  from  om<> 
of  th<>  vessels'.  The  sonnds  of  terror  were  re-echoed  iVom  the 
others.  T)i(>se  cries  of  dt>spair  resounded  in  the  sad  but 
brave  .soul  of  tlie  almost  dyin.i:  Columbus.  He  opened  his 
eyes,     lie  hhuddered.     He  struggled  on  deck.     What  did 

he  see  i 

At  a,  j-ertain  pf)int  the  ocean  seemed  to  be  agitated  by  vio- 
lent movements.  It  swelled  with  the  waves,  which  it  at- 
tracted to  this  centre,  and  arose  as  a  .single  mountain.  Dark 
clouds  descended  in  the  form  of  a  reversed  con(>,  and  stretcheu 
themselves  down  to  the  whirlpool,  which  gradually  arose  to 
meet  the  atmospheric  cone.  These  two  huge  forms  of  cloud 
and  sea  suddenly  met,  and  were  soon  locked  together  in  the 
form  of  a  whirling  X.  "It  was  one  of  these  water-spouts," 
writes  Charlevoix,  "which  seamen  call  fronliS,  which  were 
then  so  little  known,  and  which  have  since  submerged  so 
n.any  vessels."  A  sharp,  hissing  noise  preceded  the  fatal 
whiff  of  this  frightful  form— then  without  a  name  in  our 
langm.ge— now  known  as  the  ti/phooit. 

Cobnnbus,  who  was  always  greatest  in  danger,  and  equal 


1  '  For  eiL'htv-olsht  dnvo  tluMlroiulfiil  tompci-t  novpr  left  mo;  my  people  were  very  nickly.  nil 
contrite  for  their  »lns,  iiml  msmy  with  pronii^'s  to  enter  reliL'ion.  iiml  not  ono  without  vows  oi 
pilgrimage  and  the  Vike."— Letter  of  Volmnbus  to  Firdinanii  and  huljitla. 


of  all.  FatlKT 
oard,  ndininis- 
uitli  liiin,  iiiid 
eHsioiis  to  oiii' 

s  qnaiUnl,  and 
it  and  so  loiii;- 
advanced  only 
chin;:',  and  was 
onsilde  for  tlic 
had  pcrMiiadcil 

lin,  and  storm, 
■  at  hand.  On 
[jM  still  in  bed, 

ranic  from  one 
'clioed  from  the 
in  thti  sad  but 

jfe  o])<'n<'d  Ids 
ck.     What  did 

jSitnted  by  vic- 
es, wliich  it  at- 
ountain.  Dark 
i(>,  and  stretchcu 
idnally  arose  to 
?  forms  of  cloud 
L  togetlier  in  the 
?  water-spouts," 
n/is,  which  were 
?  submerged  so 
needed  the  fatal 
a.  name  in  our 

ngor,  and  equal 

[•oplc  were  vory  sickly,  iili 
not  one  without  vows  oi" 
la. 


ciinisToruim  col  r.vncs. 


IT).") 


to  any  emergency  wlien  l)atfling  with  the  unruly  elements, 
became  siiddeidy  re-animated.     II(>  saw  tiie  monstrous  form 
aitproaching.     The  sea  apjieared  to  be  sucked  up  towards 
the  very  sky     What  was  to  be  donei     It  was  a  new  danger. 
Art  was  useless;  navigation,  ])owerless;  exjierience,  nothing. 
To  that  noI>le  mind,  full  of  a  grand  and  holy  faith,  there  was 
y<'t  one  resource,  and  only  ojie.     He  would  rail  on  (iod.    1I». 
had  blessed  candles  at  once  lighted,  and  placed  in  the  lan- 
terns.    Though   scarcely  able    to  stand,  tlie  veiieral>le   Ad- 
miial  girded  his  feeble  frame  with  liis  sword,  over  the  c(.rd 
of  Sr.  Francis;   and  hastily  .seizing  tlie  New  Testament,  he 
stood  boldly  on    the   prow  of  Ins  ship,  facing   the  water 
spout,  wliich    was  coming   near.     He   began   to   read    th(j 
(losi)el  of  8t.  John,  trying  to  i-aise  liis  voice  above  the  howl- 
:ng  of  tlie  uwiul  tempest.     When  he  came  to  the  exj»re.s.sion, 
''A/t(/  tlu'  W,)r(/  irif.s-  )tt<n(i'  flvsh  ond  (hrrlt  ((iii()ii>/s(  if.s\'' 
the  aged  Christian  hero  commanded  the  water-sjutut  to  si)are 
the  children  of  (Iod  who  were  laboiing  to  carry  the  Cross  to 
the(?n(ls  of  the  earth  ;  and,  full  of  faith,  he  drew  forth  his 
sword  and  traced  in  the  air  the  holy  .sign  which  once  met 
the  ey;'s  of  Constaiitine,  and  gave  him  the  i)romi,sed  viclory. 
The  water  spout,  which  was  coming  straight  towards  the(ar- 
avels,  suddenly  appeared  to  change  its  direction,  jiassed  be- 
tween them,  and  went  off  belhnving,  to  lose  itself  in  the  im- 
mensity of  the  Atlantic  I 

When  we  come  to  consider  the  smallness  of  the  caraveLs, 
and  the  fearful  force  of  a  tropical  cyclone,  we  are  quite  justi- 
fied in  feeling  that  the  escape  of  Columbus  and  his  crews 
was  nothing  short  of  a  miracle.  At  last,  after  eight  days' 
tossing  to  and  fro,  the  mouth  of  a,  river  was  gained.  The 
Admiral  named  it  BelhUhem^  because  he  entered  it  on  the 
day  of  the  Epiphany. 

Pains,  trials,  and  di.s'ippointments— too  numerous  to  re- 
late here— now  crowded  around  the  thorny  ])athway  of  the 
great  Admiral.  His  own  strength  was  (Exhausted  by  sick- 
ness.  His  ships  were  leaky  and  very  unsafe.  The  sea  and 
the  heavens  persisted  in  their  inclemency;  and  he  saw  only 
gloom  and  heart-rending  anguish  among  the  sailors.     One 


l.'fl 


ciiitisTortiKii  voLvytn rs. 


,h,y    in  111.-  nii.lst  ..f  this  <U.s..latint!,  .sl.M.p  .loso.l  Lis  ryos 
IliHiilHirtHlsoul  hi'tirda'  t>>n<l('iv(.i.v'    say;         ,,    ,      . 

•Oh  thm  r(M»l,  sl..\vt(»l..'li.'v.':.n<l  K.  smc  thy  <m..I  Ih.- 
Ood  of  Mil!  What  mow  .lid  II.'  f..r  Mosrs.  or  for  his  s.-r 
vant  David,  than  Ih"  has  done  for  theH  From  thy  bnth  11.. 
has  tak.Mi  th..  ^M-..at..st  raiv  of  tlu'.'.  When  he  sa.v  tli.e 
rome  t..  a  littinir  a-.-,  Ih'  n.a.le  thy  name  o  ivsoand 
w(mdr.M.slv    thn.n^-hont    the    earth.       Th.'      nd..-s      ti>..s.. 

wealthy  r.-i..ns  ..f  fh.'  w..rl.l He  f^ave  tli..e  l.,r  thin..  ..wn, 

and  emi.ow..n.d  tlu'.-  t..  .lisi...s.'  of  th.-ni  a<.e..nlin-  to  thy 
i,l,.aMnr...     T..  thee  H..  <l..liv..n.d  th..  k.-ys  of  tl...  ......an  -at.'s 

which  were  el.>s..,l  with  mi.uhty  chains.     Thy  ..r.lers  w.-re 
ol)..y...l    in   many  .•.mntri.'s,    an.l    am..n,ii  Cl.nstiaiis    th.m 
didst  a...iuir..  h..m>rable  fam.'.     What  moie  did  He    ..r  the 
people  of  Israel  when  he  l.'.l   th.-a.  fr..m  Kgypti    Or  ..yen 
f()r  Davi.U  wlrnm,  fr..m  bein-  a  sl;..i.h..r.l,  he  mad."  Kin-  ..I 
.huh.a'    Turn,  th..n,  to  Him,  an.l   ackimwledse   thy  error. 
His  nwiry  is  inlinin..     Thy  aj^e  shall  be  no  impediment  to 
any  tireat   nn.iertakinfr.     Th..ii  m-.'st   f..r  succor  despond- 
in<dy      Vnswer!  wlio  hath  alHict...!  th.^.'  so  much  and  so  many 
tin,;.s-(Jo.l,    or   »he   worhli    Th..   priyilefj;.'S  and   promises 
whi.'h  ({od  hath  ma.le  to  the.s    lb"   hath  never    broken; 
n.^ith.'r  hath  he  said,  aft.-r  havin-  received  the  services,  that 
Ids  m.'anin-  was  different,  and  was  to  be  understood  in  a 
diifeivnt  sense.     iNVver  d..ih  he  inlli.-t  pain  in  order  t..  sh..w 
forth  His  power.    11.^  performs  to  the  very  letter.    He  f idfills 
all  that  h.'  promises,  and  with  increase.     Is  not  this  llis  ciis- 
tom<    I  have  shown  thee  what  thy  Creator  hath  done  f.>r 
thee,  an.l  what  lie  .loth  for  all.     The  present  is  the  ivwanl 
of  the  toils  and  perils  thou  hast  endured  in  serving  others. 

-In  hearing  this,"  writes  Columbus,  -I  was  as  one  al- 
most dead,  and  had  no  power  to  reply  to  words  so  true.  ^  I 
could  only  bewail  my  errors.  AVhoever  it  was  that  spoKe 
to  me  tini'shed  by  saying:  '  Fear  n..t!  Have  confidenc.'.  All 
these  tribulations  are  graven  in  marble,  and  it  is  not  witii- 


out  cause 


1   V  1 


.  "In  ,ra».crn,ln.  thoH.  words"  h«.vh  Count  dc  LorKU.-.,  '•  rcpeatod  by  OolumbUB  hlm,cK,  with 
gnch  clmrmlua  urtlo8»ne,.8.  v.o  arc  .closed  with  an  ludcfinuble  respect. 


cmiisinrnr.ii  n>i  r.ujirs. 


i:.7 


>S«'(1    Ills    ('Vi'M 

thyiioil     th*- 
»r  l'(»r  Ills  si'V 
I  thy  liirtli  He 
I  lie  saw  tlict' 

>     to     ICSOIlllll 

Indies  —  tluiMc 
I'oi'  tliiiic  own, 
i>i(lin^'  to  tliy 
he  ocean  j-ates 
y  orders  were 
iristians  tlioii 
lid  He  f(»r  tlie 
\\)\'.  Or  even 
made  Kin^^  of 
l";e  thv  error, 
inipedimeiit  to 
iccor  despond- 
'li  and  so  many 

and  i»roniises 
never  broken; 
e  services,  that 
nderstood  in  a 
I  order  to  show 
ter.  He  fultills 
ot  this  His  cus- 

hath  done  for 
t  is  the  reward 
erving  others," 
was  as  one  al- 
•rcls  so  true.  I 
was  that  si)oke 
ontidence.     All 

it  is  not  with- 


,•  Columbus  hlm»clf,  with 


Aft(^-/  various  trials  and  'idvetitiires  alon^-  tlie  Istlinuis  of 
I'aniiina,  and  havini;  siisfiiined  the  loss  of  two  <'aravels, 
('(•hindms  fell  ohli^ied  to  yive  up  huiitin;;  after  the  strait 
which  he  fancied  led  to  the  I'acilic.  lie  steered  north- 
war<ls  towards  Cul)a.  A  collision  between  his  two  reniainini,' 
vessels  rendered  tlieni  still  more  unrit  tt>  cope  with  the  pnw- 
erfiil  s(jiialls  and  bivakers  of  the  West  Indies.  In  the  mid- 
(He  of  .June,  how«'ver,  with  his  crews  in  despair,  nearly  all 
liis  anchors  lost,  and  his  vessels  worni-eatt'U  so  as  to  be  "as 
full  of  holes  as  a  honey-comb,"  he  arrived  olf  the  southern 
coast  of  Cid)a,  where  he  obtained  sui)plies  of  cassava  bread 
from  some  friendly  Indians. 

Tht!  Admiral  now  steered  for  !Mspaniola.  })ut,  failing  to 
make  head  against  the  wind,  lie  shaped  his  cour.se  for  Ja- 
maica, lie  reached  the  jtort  which  on  a  former  visit  he 
named  Santa  (rloria.  This  was  to  be  the  end  of  his  voyage. 
As  th"  ships  could  not  float  jmy  longer,  lie  ran  them  on  shore, 
side  by  side,  and  built  huts  ujum  the  decks  for  housing  tho 
crews.  Such  a  habitation— like  the  Swiss  lake-dwellings— 
atl'orded  lemarkable  advantages  of  jjosition  in  case  of  attack 
by  a  hostile  tribe. 

The  Admiral's  first  care  was  to  prevent  any  offense  being 
given  to  tlie  natives  which  might  give  cause  fr>r  attack. 
He  knew,  by  sad  experience,  the  residt  of  permitting  fn-e 
intercourse  between  the  S])aniards  and  the  Indians,  and  now 
he  strictly  enforced  a  rule  forbidding  any  seaman  togoashoro 
without  leave.  He  also  took  wise  m(>asures  for  regulating 
the  trafhc  for  food,  co  as  to  prevent  the  occurrence  of  any 
quarrel. 

James  Mendez,  wlio  had  been  his  lieutenant,  and  who  had 
.slu)wn  himself  the  boldest  of  his  officers  throughout  this 
voyage,  volunteered  to  proceed  uiro  the  interior  of  the  island 
U)  make  arrangements  for  the  regular  supi)ly  of  provisions 
from  some  of  the  more  remote  tribe.s,  jh  it  was  certain  tiiut 
f-uch  a  sudden  addition  to  the  population  would  soon 
exhaust  the  resources  of  the  immediate  neighborhood.  This 
service  Mendez  performed  with  great  skill,  and  a  regular 
market  was  established,  to  which  the  natives  brought  fish, 


^dfl 


^.g  cnmsTopiinn  coiA  Miics. 

^a,n;..  mul  cmshuvu  bivu-l,  in  exdianue  for  Spanish  toys  an.! 

"'Tirimm.,liat.  wants  of  Lis  i ,.!.'  L-in;.  tl.us  provi.l..! 

fur   tl...  vHu.n.1.1..  A.lM.iral  .vvoivrd  In  Lis  anx.o.is  nmwl  tlu- 
„„  uis  ,.f  ^..t.in,^  from  rlus  islau.l.     His  sl..,w  wo.v  l.^y-md 

IpossihUitv  of  .vi.:.ir,  and  tl.T.  was  no  l.o,- <,f  a  .•l.am y 
sail  arrivin,;  fo  his  ivli.'f,  on  tlu-  siion-s  ol  a  sava^p  ian(i  .. 
an     nf.v.,.u.nt..l  s.a.     In    tl.is  awful  posmou,    U.Auy^  ^ 

,l,„nsil>!litv  for  II...  lives  of  tlios.  who  w.iv  una.r  hnn,  h 
ac.ih.ivath;n.o,tal.U.stiny  of  (Muistoplu.r  (N.lun.  ms 
have  hitlunt,.  wept    i'or   others;'  he   exrla.n.e.  ,   -hut  no^^ 
Heaven  have  pity  on  me  ;an.lM)l':Mr.h:we..p  forme.  .  .  . 

W.vp  for  me,  whoever  has  ..harity^  truth     jusUee 

What  otlu'r  mortal  ever  uttere.l  such  lan^ua-e <     \M»at 
poet,  wliat  propliet,  what  liero  of  the  (}ospel,  in  speak.'   .  o 
him  elf,  ever  us...l  a  more  .mT^vtie  l.ol.lness  oi  nua,;ery,  or 
Sh.l'wi,ha,ran.ler  .li.nity  th.-  --"[^/'-l^-^;   (^^ 
his  troubled  heart  i    Here,  indeed,  we  feel  that  'tl  e  stNl      s 
the  man."     (Grandeur,  sinn.li<'ity,  sadness  and  boldn<.ss  are 
flmnd  beautifully  hannoni.ed,  as  if  they  were  a  single  utter- 
ance of  the  great  s.ml  of  Columbus.  ,   ,        .  ,. 
For  nine  days  the  Catholic  discoverer  of  America  medi- 
tated and  remabied  in  the  presence  of  (^.d.     For  light  and 
g    dance  in  his  unexam,.led  distress  he  looked  np  to  I  eav.n 
determined  to  know,  a.-cor<ling  t<.  the  expression  o    IN't 
M-irtvr  what  tiie  Most  High  had  .leci.led  in  his  regard.     A 
ln.nh  'anic.de  of  relief  flashed  <.n  his  mind,     lie  thought 
oTlhe  noble  James  Mende/,  whose  h.yalty  and  dtiuiitless 
con  age  he  had  so  often  proved,     lie  took   h  m  aside     o 
onnd  him  on  the  subject,  and  Mende/  li.mse     has  w         n 
an  a.ronnt  of  this  conversathm,  ^vhich  is  i  dl  of  int    <  st 

''Mendez,  my  son,  "  said  the  venerable  Admiral  a 

those  who  are  here,  you  and  I  alone  know  tlie  great  .elm 
svMch  we  are  placed.  We  are  few  in  number  and  these 
.vage  Indians  are  many,  and  of  tickle  and  imt^ible  natures^ 
On  The  least  pn.vocation  they  may  throw  firebrands  f.om 
hi  'hore,  and  consume  us  in  our  straw-thatched  cabins. 
The  arrangement  which  you  have  made  for  provisions,  and 


tw\ 


cuiusTin'tir.ii  foi.iM/irs. 


i:.() 


ti'ish  tovH  and 

rlius  pnividcd 
.lulls  iiiiinl  tlu' 
4  wero  l);'yt»ml 
|ic  <»f  ii  cliawo 
iviip'  laiul  in 
111,  I't'cliiijr  luiH 
uiidcr  him,  he 
'olunibus,  "I 
(m1,  "l»ut  now 
1 1  for  nu'I  .  .  . 
isfKv!" 

liiiiiu;*'  i  WImt 
ill  s[)i'uki^  ,  !>f 
(»!'  iiiiii^icry,  or 
liat  antsc  IVoni 
It  "tlu'  styl»'  is 
id  boldness  are 
■  a  singU'  utter- 

AnuM'ica  medi- 
For  li.iiUt  and 
1 11])  to  llcavt  /I, 
«'sslon  of  I'ctor 
Ills  regard.     At 
1.     He  tlioiijiht 
•  and  dtuintless 
him  aside,  to 
self  has  written 
full  of  interest, 
idmiral,  "of  all 
le  «:;reat  peril  in 
iber,  and  these 
rritable  natures, 
lirebrands  from 
hatched   rabins. 
provisions,  and 


\vhi<'h  at  presi'nr  :liey  fiilllll  so  eheerfiilly,  they  may  caiiii- 
<'inusly  l)rrak  to  morrow,  and  may  rt  iiiNe  to  luing  lis  'iiiy 
thiiisj;;  nor  have  we  tiu>  means  of  e(iiii|M  Iliiiii' them.  I  havt* 
thoiiglit  <»f  a  remedy,  if  if  meets  yoiir  \i»'ws.  in  this  canoe 
wiiich  yon  liave  purchased  .some  one  may  pass  over  to 
Ilispaiiiola,  and  ]>i'ociire  a  ship,  by  which  we  shall  all  lie 
delivered  from  this  great  peril.  Tell  me  yoiir  opinion  on 
the  matter." 

''Sefior,"  replied  Mende/,  "I  well  know  oiir  daiiuer  to 
be  fargi'eater  than  is  easily  conceived;  but  as  to  passing  to 
Ilispaiiiola  in  so  small  a  vessel  as  a  canoe,  I  hold  it  not 
merely  dilliciilt,  but  impos.sible,  since  it  is  ne<H'>sary  lo  trav- 
erse a  gulf  (d*  forty  leagues,  and  between  islands  wheic  the 
Men  is  impetuous  and  seldom  in  repose.  I  know  not  who 
there  is  would  venture  upon  so  e:ctr<'me  a  peril." 

Columbus  ii!ad(^  no  reply;  but  from  his  looks,  and  tlie 
nature  of  his  silence,  Mende/  plainly  pei'ceived  himself  to 
})e  the  person  whom  the  Admiral  had  In  view.  Resuming, 
therefore,  the  conversation,  "Seuor,"  said  he,  "  I  have 
many  times  i)ut  my  life  in  peril  to  save  you  and  my  com- 
rades, and  (i(»d  has  hitherto  preserved  me  in  a  miraculous 
manner.  There  are,  nevertheless,  miirmurers,  who  say  that 
your  K.vcelleticy  intrusts  to  me  every  alfair  wherein  honor 
is  to  be  gained,  wliiit  ther«!  uic  others  in  company  who 
wcnild  t>xecute  them  as  well  as  1.  1  beg,  theiel'ore,  that  you 
would  assemble  the  i)eople,  and  propose  this  enterprise,  to 
see  if  any  one  will  undertake  it,  which  1  doubt.  If  all  de- 
cline, 1  will  then  come  forward  and  risk  my  life  in  your  ser- 
vice, as  1  have  many  times  done  already." 

The  Admiral  willingly  humored  the  wishes  of  the  worthy 
Mendez.  On  the  following  ^norning  the  crew  w'jis  assem- 
bled, and  the  proposition  made.  Every  one  drew  oack,  i)ro- 
nonncing  it  the  height  of  rashness.  l'j)on  this  Jlendez 
stepped  forward.  "Senor,"  said  he,  ''  I  have  but  one  life 
to  lose,  yet  lam  willing  to  ventuie  it  for  your  service,  and 
for  the  good  of  all  here  present;  and  I  trust  in  the  i)roteo- 
tion  of  God,  which  I  have  experienced  on  so  many  other 


occasions 


M 


100 


cumaroi'iihu  ioiAuni-s. 


Culnmbiis,  having'  li.-nnl  this  nnnoun.vm.>nr,  nros..  fro  n 
1,H  s,.nt,  an.l  .•:,Hinu^  t\u'  hvnw  M.-nd.'/  t-  ».....,  ...nl.n.r.a 
him.  ...vin^^  niou.l:  "l  w.-U  km-NV  that  th.To  wan  My 
h..n<  luit  vol,  who  wonM  .m.l.-rtak.^  thn  a.-hi.'V..m.>nt.  I 
havru  Hnn  ronli.l.'n.-..  that  o.ir  l.onl  (Jo.l  will  mal.l.-  von  to 
cv.MTomo  thr  .iMMKHs  that  thivat..|i  you.  as  lio  has  ao.,..  on 
8.,  n.anv  otln-r  ...•.asiuns."  M.n.l../,  at  onn,  Het  al>ont  t. 
l„vpan'luith.-.'X|Mnlition.  No  pm-antion  <.r  l.iunan  piu- 
(InnrH  was  m'Kl.Tt.'.l.  D.awin-  l.is  <-ano..  on  sh..n.  1...  |.u 
on  a  fals..  k.M.l,  an.l  i.aih"<l  wratla-r  iM.anls  ah.n- 11,.'   .ow  an.l 

st.'in,  toi.n'V<.ntthMs..ii  troiu  hn-akin^r  ov.-,'  it.  IW  th.'ii 
„av.-.l  it  witi,  a  vmt  of  tar,  furnish.Hl  it  with  a  n.ast  ai..l 
mil  an.l  i-ut  in  pn.visioiis  f<.r  l.iinsrlf,  a  Spatush  ron,nKU', 

and  six  Indians. 

In   th.'  na'iinwhil.-.  Colmnl.ns  w.oto  a  letter  to  Ovand.., 

(;„v.'rnor  of  Ilispaniola.  b.^i'V^'  »'""  '^  «''M'  ""^»'»  """"'; 
(liaf.'lv  !)«•  HtMit  to  briiijf  l»it».  and  his  men  to  llispaniola;  and 
ho  wrote  anotlieMo  the  S.n..r.M,irnH,.M,tr..alin-  for  a  sh,i.  to 
n.nvPV  th.'n,  fi'om  Hisi)aniola  to  S,.ain.     In   this  h'tWv  lie 

irave  a  ronipn  liensiv  a ur.l  of  his  voya^'e.     lie  snj.iM.si.d 

hin,s..lf  tn  h.i.e  rea.-lie.l  tlie  eonlines  of  the  <h.minions  of 
the  (Jran.i  Khan,  and  olfmd.  if  lie  lived  to  return  to  Spain, 
t„  ,.„ndnet  amission  thither  t<.  instruct  that  potentate  m 
the  Christian  faith.  Wlint  an  instance  of  soaiinj;  <'".|'.'"";; 
enthusiasm  and  irrepressible  enterprise  is  here  exhibited. 
At  th«  time  he  was  imliil^in.;  tliese  visiims.  and  pn.i><'^<>"K' 
new  and.  romantic  enterprises,  he  was  bn.ken  down  by  .Mf^e 
and  Inllrmities,  racked  by  pnin,  c.mlined  to  liis  bed,  and  shut 
up  in  a  wreck  on  the  coast  of  a  remote  and  savaf^e  island. 

The  disi)atchesbein,i,neady.  James  >[ende/ embarked  with 
his  Spanish  comrade  nnd  his  six  Indians,  and  coasted  the 
island  eastward.  Their  voyage  was  .Ndlsome  and  perilous. 
When  arrived  at  the  end  of  the  island,  they  were  suddenly 
surrounded  and  taken  prisoners  by  the  Indians,  w-ho  rarrie(l 
them  three  leaprues  into  the  interior,  where  they  determined 
to  kill  them.  A  dispute,  however,  arisinuc  about  the  divis- 
ion of  the  spoils,  thev  ajxreed  to  settle  it,  after  the  Tndian 
fashion,  by  a  game  of  ball.     While  thus  engaged,  Mendez 


ciiiusmruHn  toLiwnrs. 


101 


•osn   fro  II 

i>l||l)t'iM'  mI 

^   nolioily 

l>tllt!llt.         I 

l)|t>  you  to 

iM  (loiif  on 

about  t< 

iinaii  pi'ii- 

If.   lit'    put 

it>  liDW  iiml 
1[«>  tiit'ii 

IllilSt    lltlll 

I  coinnule, 

o  Ovniulo, 
^lit  iinmt'- 
iiiiol:i;  and 
!•  ii  ship  to 
H  letter  lie 
t»  .sUl>|H»se(l 
minions  of 
n  to  Spain, 
Dteiitale  in 
i;r  Catliolie 

exliil)ite(ll 
[  proposing 
)\vn  l>y  iifJ*' 
■d,  aiidshnt 
ije  island. 
)aiked  with 
coasted  the 
id  perilous, 
•e  suddenly 
who  carried 
determined 
t  the  divis- 

the  Indian 
red,  Mendez 


"scaped,  reirained  his  eannc,  uiid  iriade  his  way  haeU  to  the 
hariiiM'  In  it  alone,  after  lil'lern  days'  alisciiee. 

Nothing  daunted  by  the  perils  and  li.trdshli)s  he  had  nn- 
<ler^one,  he  oH'cred  to  depart  iinini'diately  on  a  necond  at 
tevipt,  provided  he  eoidd  be  )>sni|ted  to  the  end  of  the 
islainl  by  an  araifil  foree.  Mis  ojfer  was  aeei-pifd.  and  Bar 
tholoinow  Fiesco,  a  (lenitese,  who  had  nunnianded  une  uf 
tluM-aravels,  and  was  sliouirly  attached  to  the  .\dniiral.  was 
associated  witli  liitn  in  this  mm-omiI  exppdiiidu.  \v.\iU  had  a 
canoe,  with  >i\  Spaniards  and  ten  Indians,  under  his  coin- 
nnind.  On  reaching;  llispaniola,  Kiesco  was  to  return  ini- 
mediately  to  .lamaica,  to  briiii:  lidiiiiis  to  the  Admiral  of 
the  safe  arrival  <»f  his  mi-sscimri-.  u  hijc  .biinfs  .Men<le/.  was 
to  proceed  to  San  l)oininu'o.  and.  after  purchasing-  and  dis- 
patching; a  ship,  was  to  depart  for  Spain  with  iho  lett»'r  to 
tilt*  Sovereigns. 

All  arranv'ements  beiiiLi:  tniide,  the  Indians  ]>laced  in  the 
oainms  a.  supply  of  cassava  liread.  anti  each  his  ciil:  bash  of 
water.  The  Sp.aniards,  beside  iheii-  pi-ovisioi,s,  had  .  ach  his 
Hword  and  tar^^et.  Don  15arth(»loniew,  with  an  armed  band, 
kept  pace  with  them  alony  the  eoast,  until  they  reached  the 
end  of  the  island,  where,  wailini;  for  three  days  until  the 
weather  was  l)eifectly  serene,  they  launched  forth  on  the 
broad  bosom  of  the  sea.  Don  liartholonu'W  remained  watch- 
ing them  until  they  became  mere  specks  on  the  ocean,  and 
the  even im^f  hid  them  from  his  view,  and  then  returned  to 
the  harbor. 

Day  after  day,  and  week  afiei-  week,  did  the  [loor  Span- 
iards keep  a  wistfid  look-out  upon  the  sea  for  the  exjjected 
return  of  I'^iesco,  tlatteiini;  themselves  that  every  canoe, 
^didiiuj^at  a  tlistance.  inis;ht  be  the  liarl)in,i!;ei'  of  deliverance, 
Months  elapsed,  however,  without  his  arrival,  and  they 
bejujan  to  f(>ar  that  lie  and  Mende/,  had  perished.  Knfeeided 
by  ])ast  suirerinn:s,  y)res(>nt  confinement,  ami  low  diet,  they 
IxM  irne  extremely  sickly,  and  their  maladies  Avere  lieiuht- 
en(Ml  by  anxiety  and  susj)ense.  Some  jrradually  sank 
into  despondency ;  others  became  peevish  and  im]iatient. 
and,    in   their    unreasonable    heat,    railed   at    tlieir  vener- 


1(1* 


ami^runinu  loiiiii'-"- 


'•'■;;;. 'C'linn  I J  A;:  iV,rui , i'n„u.>,  .,,,,,1,. 

r::;',:.;!iv  ,;;,v,ui„' ■■.•...»  -•.•,..  .> «i.-"  -■'-'-  '""■■ 

;;;'--iu::i;;;^:;;;;;;:;;t';.':^."-"' --••'-- 

t\i.'  Indi.ms.     Ill  1         •,,,,„.  „,,,,t,„.,.,.s  f„iril.ly  M'i/,.'(l 

x"';;.»ii.r -7;;;:;;rt'nr,;";r::t.,::;:: 

•ittcmuls  to  cn-HS  <.v<'r  to  lli>i>am<)i.i  i  ihmi  i 

"r::- - ->;v'rs;<  ,.^s  z™;;;;:":^;;:"' '^^ 

1,1-  fri...Ml..  Imt  1.."...'  "'-''••'  '•>•  -"""■  "'"'7'  ""  •  "'A,     >   k  .  L  .U  n,n...-,  "Li'l-  'I"    \'>"'''^'' 

:;:-::!;'c:;;;':-r=';:i -*'"  "         ■• ■■"^• 


U  t\\"\v  iiiU- 

IH  l>l'<iK<'  nut 

ill  of  t>u«<  <i( 

J||ih'»>»m1»'(1    to 

il  Ity  u  .H»'V«'lt' 

•miti'is.  toM 
iiin,  lint  lliiit 
I  inii'itttcd  to 
III  |||i>  l<.ll«»w- 

.  r..ii..\\:"" 

ili^'iiity.  iiiiult' 

of  iiti<'ii\|itin,i; 

it  \\;is  :ili-^iil<l 
Willi  ih'-iii  ill 
his  (l»'Mr«'  to 

\,-;  :iu<l.  liiUiiii; 

l!is«'(i  I'lnlll  tilt' 
y  towiinis  II'IH. 
imlomt'W  «ill» 

]]\h    folloWlM'S 

(,r  (iiitnip's  oil 
le  flVtTt  of  Iho 

foifilily  sv'v/M 
,11.'  ninckiniily 
iiyuK'iit.  Tliic*' 
ill  coiisftiufnct; 
lUX'S  welt'  in  ^io 

Sitiinliinls  ciist 
(did  not  li,ulit<'»i 

I   to   U>IV*'  OVtT- 

,W,\  U!llltn.'<'"li"»''""'""* 
iicnr  tiK'  \iiiL"Hii""f  ''"' 
.|,ii(ii-,  wlili-lill"'  Ailii'l"'' 
clvuB  to  iiriii"  iiii'l  liiJ^l*' 


cnnisTorni:n  tmi- vii l% 


tnn 


Itiuinl  i)m>  iitiliiippy  liiiliiitiH  Ity  whtttii  tlit'v  u«>n*  ncciiiniui- 
iiji'tl.  Miiiiy  til'  flif  poor  NuviiK*'^  nujiiii  jftt-r  ilii'tii  for  n  ItHi^ 
tliiif,  Itiif  HtiiiU  t»iii'  i»y  out',  iiH  till'  suiiiiIh  (if  til"  niM'l  muti-^ 
tift'is  pi.'vt'iilt'tl  tliftii  fiiim  Jippjtiiicliiiij^  tlif  httats.  Tlu'y 
w»M'«' llmilly  *tl>li;j:i'tl  lo  ul»(itit|tm  tlit»  t|t'«*i;,'H  of  rciifliin^'  Ills- 
p:iiiiola,  uikI  hfuiiii  Id  rttiiin  over  llit>  iNJtiiitl,  ipiartfiiti^ 
lliiiiM»'lvi'H  oti  tlif  liidiuiiH,  titid  (•iniiiiiltlhi;^;  f\iM'y  [hhsnIIiNi 

t'Xft'SH. 

Of  nmi'Hi*,  tlu»  Ititliiciict'  of  tiiU  womnlit'lism  tui  flif  n-la- 
tlttiis  Im'I\v«><>ii  OtiliiiiilHis  and  tli<<  ntitiv«*N  was  toon  appaiftit. 
'I'ht'  tilidvfts  Mini  IicjhIs  itiit'f  Hu  pri'fiiiMH  ill  their  t-yt's  hail 
lii'st  loHt  tilt*  fli:iiiii  1)1'  tnivi'lty.  llii>a  tlt>'  valiii'  of  luiity.  Tht^ 
I'irtiilatiti^  itii'iliiim  hi>caiiit>  na  dfpifclatfil  tliiif  proviHJtitis 
wfif  Mcai't'i'ly  tti  liM  oltlaiiifti  ut  all.  Aiitl.  uiir<iitniiatt>|y,  tho 
pfi'sotial  Nt'iifiatioii  uliifh  tlif  iitiltitdivtl  Indians  hail  tli'>4t 
*>\iaccil  for  tlif  wliitf  iiifii  ha<l  ^ladiially  ;:i\t-ii  way  to 
hati't'tl  and  foiitfiiipt.  I'^iiiiiliaiity  had  sIki.vii  how  woithlfSH 
wi'i'i'  tht'Mt'  "siipt-rioi'  bi'iiiKs."  'I'ht'  liitliaiiN  rcfiixi'il  to  tnln- 
IhU'V  to  tht'ii'  wants  any  lon^t't' ;  and  thns,  whilf  pain  ami 
HJckncss  i;nawi>d  tin'  hfait  of  tin' a^ftl  Adniiial,  ^aiint  laniitiH 
Uihli'il  itst'lf  to  his  Ititlt'i-  t'lifniit's. 

But  thi'^rt'Mt  riiiin  -altli'tl,  no  dt»nl»t,  by  ll^ht  fioni  lltavi'ii 
— wa  ■>  equal I'vt'ii  to  this  i'iiit'i';u<'ii<'y.  I'aitly  from  hissrifiiiirm 
know  l-'duf,  and  partly  ffoni  inspiiMtiim.  lit-  Itt't-aim'  awain 
that  ii!i  a  I'l'itiiin  niiilit  an  cflipsi' of  tin' nioim  would  occur. 
In  thisi'vi'iit  his  ft'itih'  mind  Im'Iu'M  tlif  nifans  of  oscapiiiji; 
fioin  stnrvatitm.  Ilf  jn<ly:t'd  ami  lijihlly  jmlpMl.  as  the 
I'Vi'iit  i>rovi'd  til  It  l>y  pre  lictiii'j;  the  fclip-if  he  \v«inltl  piin 
a  rt'pntation  asa  proi)ln't.  ami  commaml  the  respect  and  ohe- 
dieiicf  diu'toa  person  investi'd  with  supernal  in  al  pow»»rs. 
lie  asseniMcd  the  chiefs  of  the  nei^hhorini;  tribes.  Then, 
bv  means  of  an  interpreter,  he  reproached  Ihttiii  with  refiis- 
ini;  to  continue  to  supply  i)rovisioiis  to  the  Spaniards. 

"The  (foil  who  protects  nie,"  he  saitl,  "will  punish  you. 
You  kinuv  wliat  has  happened  |o  those  of  my  followers  who 
have  reltelled  airaiiist  me,  and  the  dan^rers  which  they  en- 
countered in  their  altemi)t  to  cross  to  llayti  ;  while  tlioso 
who  went  ut  my  commaml  madu  the  jiassaijo  \.itliout  dllli- 


r^ 


T 


KU 


•iimsmiuiHn  voiv\tnvA, 


rttlfv      Snnn.  !.....  .Imll  lli-  l>ivi"-  v.-n^r-imro  full  <m  vo.i. 

ThiH  u.iv  iiiulil  ^liull  »lM'  moon  rlmn;:."  ^^^'V  n.l..i'  >iii<l  Io^m 
Ii..|-  llulir".  In  t.-lh.M.uy  of  Wxv  .'vIIh  xvlikh  hIiuII  Im-  -..l  ni-i. 
ViHi  rniiii  III.'  okit'H." 

or   «Im<    lii.lituiH.    in:inv  wiv   aliiini.Ml  at   tli.-   |.tv.ll<'flni  , 
OMi.'is  >»rnt  au.iv  sliMUthiK  In  nHM-Uri-y.     Nl^iit  »•»'"'•      "» 
wuH  tJnn.     Til..  ni.'M.u  "^Ilmm'  .l..wn  in  full  l..illhn.-y.     Hni  ut 
tl,..  ni.polni.Ml  fin..' tit..  i-nMll.-t.'-l  ,.lM.n..n,.-M..n  mnk  i- :hv 
,„„l  ,h..  ulM  Ih.^vU  ..r  H...  ^iiiN...:.-  ,.,.Hl,.i.u.'.l  tl..-M-  ul.J.'.t 
„.,,„,      |„    ,1  i„„U    lIP-v    n.n  tn  r..l.inilniK.   hu|.lo.itu;;   hU 
iui.'ir.'H.l..n.    'IVy  i)n.tnlH...|   i..   I.'l    l.lm    uunf    foi'  nnth- 
;„j;    if  .mlv  Ih.  w.Milil  av.'it  thin   jii.l-ni.'t.t.     As   tin  .•inn- 
,.Mt  ..r    tli.-ir    Mnn-iltv.  lli.'y   lia^'tily   ...ll.-.i.-.l   n  .luiii.iiiy 
or    r.M..l.  un.l   hi.l  ii  =.t   hH  r.M't.     At    II.M    I..'  ^.-'m.'.!    to 
|„.^it..t.',  l.ut  in  II  mil.'  wliiU'  li'^  WHS  sMft.-n.-.l  by  tl..- r  .'n- 
tiviti.'H      il.'Mai.l  h.'  unnl.l  K"  ''»<l  ^1"'"'^  '"  liiHtJ.Ml,  iin.l 
,,.,i,,Ml  I.,  fh.'  .'iiMn.     That  I..'  |nay.-.l   I..  IL-av.-n  Cu'  iIm'  niI- 
viitlnii  ..r  I'lnsr  |M.nr  liKllans  ili.'i'.'  .'all  1m'  n*<  (lonl)t.     As  tin' 

v.'ii.Tal.l.'  A.luiinil  ivtnrn.'d  from  liis  ral.in,  tl 'Hl'^''  I'..- 

mu.  In  .l..cmis...  S.H.n  tl.-'  t.-nil.!.'  slia-l-nv  pass.-.l  a\vay 
IVoni  111.'  fnn.  ..f  tli.'  m.H.n.  an.l  IIm'  ^latitn-l.'  -f  ih"  .ln>ky 
„..liv..H  xvan  lis  .l.M'p  as  tli.'ir  l'..nn.>r  t.'m.r.  Hut  l-ii.tf 
l.l.Mul.Ml  wiilunv..,  it  was  n..t  s..  bii..|'  as  uratlln.li.'  oft-n  is 
||,.„,...|n.>vai(l  th.'iv  was  no  failmv  in  tli.'  r.'Kular  snpply  ol 
provisi.ms. 

i;-,,..!,,  n.nntlis  l.a.l  pass.'d  away  will.onf  any  Inlmus  of 
M..n.l../..  wlM-non.'  .'vniim'  ih.-iv  nn..x|..-.'l.'.lly  In.v.' in  si^lit 
n  small  canivt'l,  whi.-li  sDod  In  towiinls  tli.'  liail.or  of  >Mnt:i 
(Jl...i;.,  an.l  anrl...r.'.l  jn.^t  ...ilsi.l.'.  A  iM.at  was  s.'.'ii  to  put 
nir  IV..in  111.'  caiav.'l.  It  t.ronnlH  on  simiv  li.T  .'oniman.l.'r, 
„n.itain  .lanu's  .1.'  Ksn.l.ar.  ('..Innilais  r.'n.unlz.Ml  m  this 
person  a  man  wli.nn  h.'  IkhI  on.v  s.'nfnn.d  to  bn  l.an.u.'.l 
forinutinvin  llispaniola.  but  wl...  had  b.vn  panlon.-d  by 
l^.badilla.  Th.'  i.ro.'.'cdiiiirs  oi'  this  ii.'Wc.m.T  w.'iv  sin.-iular 
Hion-h  Stan.lin-r  at  a  distant'  I'roin  ('..Iniubns  as  if  th.' 
Adn.iial  w.To  in  .inaiaiilin."  d.'  Kscobar  shout.'d  at  tin*  t..p 
of  hi'4  voice  a  ni.'ssajx.'  I'n.m  Ovan.lo,  th.' actin-  (Jov.rnor  ot 
llispaniola.    Ovando,  he  said,  i.-irlf.l  the  Adnmal  s  mis- 


i/uii'^rornf.ii  ro/ 1  y/iis 


II  oil  y»»n. 
r  II  IK  I  !«»'»•♦ 

M>llt    ll|l«)H 

[tl'i'tlirtli'ti. 

caiiM'.     It 

V.     Hilt  lit 

• 

<i(ik  iiIjh"''. 
luir  ul>J»'<t 
(loiini!;   IiIh 

fui'  imth- 
s  till  nun- 
a  iiuiiiiiity 

m'»»int'<|  to 
»y  tlii'ir  «'!»• 
is  (iiitl,  ait*l 

liir  111''  Mil- 
l>t.     As  llif 

..(•lipst'   lit'- 

IHSfcl     ilWJiy 

f  lilt'  (lii>Uy 

Hut.  I'fiii« 

do  nfh'll  Im. 

ir  Niipply  '<( 

{  litrmii«<  of 

lovi'  ill  siulit 

H)v  of  Siintii 

MPcii  to  put 

collllllilll*!*'!', 

iil/.»'(l  in  tliis 
»  l»<i  liiiimtMl 
(iirdoiifl  l>y 
■ci'c  siii,iriiliir 
IM— ns  if  the 
•d  iit  tlif  top 
(Jiivcriioi'  of 
Iniiriirs  mU- 


KkT 


fulfllln.H  M'Vy  Iv'flliv,  iiiht  hup  .ij.  'tifoft.  \nn<^,  fo  nonA  II  n||||i 

of  Niit||iii>iit  si/.'  J.I  hiKi-  liliii  oir  ill  fii,'  ni.fmfhiif.  li.« 
jiddi'd,  Ovaiidi»  h«»u'^«'d  idiii  fu  m  i-.ji  a  wliKlit  nmik  of 
fiU'iiilship.  Tli.<  "MM^iiit  mark  of  f'l"fidMlil|>"  wiw  iioiliin^ 
!••«<•>  I  hail  II  Ml.'  of  haroii,  a  ^-mall  «'i»?'k  of  wliif,  Mild  ii  U'ttvrl 
Tli.'M*'  lie  dt'livnt'd  l(»  lla  Admiral,  and  iif  oiin-  r..w.d  o(f 
nn  fawf  IIS  posslld.',  Tl<('  ni'liiiifs  of  ihc  ;r|vai  old  man  may 
ill  pail  Im-  ima>;'iti)'d. 

IMtllnilii.'s,  alas!  Iiiit  kicvv  with  tiim'.  IVimiM  and  his 
rj'cUli'ss  liand  of  iniiiitn'.'is  mh-h  pal  In  an  app-aiiinc-  Tin* 
|i'ad»'i,  fffliiiK  siiii' that  hr  had  >intu'<l  lM'_\.ind  l'oi>{iu'iit's«t, 
was  i'»'Molvfd  that  his  mcii  slioiihl  shah'  hh  d«'spciafioii.  hi 
(tlioit,  JM"  had  ri's.dv.'*!  to  attack  th.'  Adnilnd.  rolnnilais, 
In  flit' uoodness  of  hin;.  ivat  h.-arf,  madi' ovfirnn's  of  pfaco, 
iii.d  sfiil  an  ••H'tT  of  fttr^fivt  at'  <<  ii»  I'mias  and  all  his  na-rt 
on  ('oiniition  of  iiniiifdiati*  snirt'iah'i.  Miii  thf  in^oh-nt 
riilllaii  lan^hfd  at  llif  olffr.  aiid,  in  rt'inrn,  niadf  !«iin'li 
hii  ijility  <l«'iiiaiidH   that  aiiv   ifcoat  ilialioii   was    impossjlilf. 

Oiii'ilay  thf  niiilint'crs  inaiclii'd  to  ih.>  hailtoi,  h<>ai|fd  hy 
tilt'  liold  I'oiraH.  It  wan  thtir  intt>iiiiiin  ttt  ,H..i/|.  upon  th»< 
Htorcs  ii'inainiiiLr  on  thf  wift'k,  and  to  p't  thf  Atlmiial  in 
Ihfii' powiT.  Till' laltii',  howi'vt'i',  ht-aitlttf  Iht-ir  approin'h, 
lint,  lifia;;  f(»nliiit'd  l»y  his  inliiniitifs.  sent  his  ItrolhiT  to  iva- 
Hon  with  tht'in.  and  t'n<l<'a\<)i'  t<i  win  tlii'in  tooht'ilit'nct'.  Don 
n.iillntlomi'w,  who  was  p-ni'ially  a  man  rather  of  dt'fdsthan 
wiirds,  look  Willi  him  a  niiiaht'rof  nii'ii  wt'll  armed,  Arriv- 
in;i' near  the  reliels,  he  st-iit  messeiiifers  to  tn-at  with  iheni; 
liiit  I'orras  lorhade  them  to  approach,  lie  cheered  his  jol- 
lowers  l»y  poinlin.u,  with  derision,  t<i  the  pale  couiifenance.s 
<»f  their  opponents,  who  were  ema<'iated  l»\  recent:  Kickness 
and  lon^-  conlineinenf  in  the  wreck;  whereas  his  men.  I'or 
the  most  part,  wfre  hardy  sailnrs,  reiidereil  rolnrst  |»y  li\  int;- 
in  the  open  air.  He  assured  them  the  followers  (»f  Don  Hai- 
tholomew  were  mere  hoiis;'!io;i|  men.  fair-weather  trottps, 
who  could  nt'MT  stand  before  them. 

DeJnded  liy  this  haran.une  into  a  transient  ^dow  of  coiir- 
a.ire,  the  rebels liid  not  wait  to  l)t>  attackeil,  Imt  rushed  with 
sluMits  iijxm  the  enemy.     Six  of  them  had  made  u  h-aj^ue  to 


1 


JOO 


cmusroviiKii  col  umbus. 


assauU  Don  Bi..tlinl,.m..u-,  but  wrre  so  woll  mMMV.-.l  tl.nl  w 
hii.l  sevi'n.l  of  thr.n  dead  at  his  fc-.-t,  anmn-  whom  was  .lohn 
Sanch.'/,  ii  powt'rl'ul  nuuiuer  who  had  on.'c  cairu'd  oil  an 

^"Innio  midst  of  tlu.  IVarful  affray,  Don  Ba.tliolomow  was 
sava-vlv  assaih'd  !>v  th.'  now  d.-spcnit.-  Poiras,  who  with  :i 
bfou^or  his  swopd,  Vh.ft  Ids  bn.kh.r,  and  wourded  .he  i.and 
Avhich  j-Tasi)..d  it.  'IMh'  sword  remained  wed-ed  in  tlieshn-ld, 
and  before  it  couUl  be  with.b-awn,  the  Admiral  s  fearless 
brother  .-losed  upon  the  chief  of  the.  mutineers,  j.rai.i.l_ed 
lum,  and,  bein-  assisted  by  others,  suceeeded  in  talai.g  him 

r)risoner.  .       „    -•  .  c     •  ., 

The  rebels,  seeinjr  their  leader  a  capnve,  fled  in  confusion, 
l>ut  were  not  pursued,  tlirou-h  fear  of  an  attack  from  the 
Indians,  who  had  remained  drawn  up  in  battle  array,  gazin.t; 
Avith  astonishment  at  this  light  between  wldte  men,  but 
without  oll-erin-  l(>  aid  either  party.  Don  Bartholomesv  re- 
turned in  triumph  to  the'  wreck,  with  Porras  and  several 
oth.'r  prisoners.  Only  two  of  liis  own  men  had  been 
wounded,  one  of  whom  died.  .     .,       *  i 

On  the  following  day,  tlie  rebels  sent  a  letter  to  the  Ad- 
TTiral,  si-ned  with  all  their  names,  confessing  their  -lus- 
deeds,  imploring  ].ardon,  and  making  a  solemn  oatli  oi  obe- 
dience, imprecating  the  most  awful  curses  on  their  heads 
should  they  break  it,  Tln^  Admiral,  seeing  the  abject  na- 
ture of  the  letter,  how  compl<>:ely  the  spirit  of  tliese  mis- 
cuided  men  was  broken,  with  his  wonted  magnanimity  lie 
pardoned  their  olfenses,  merely  retaining  their  ringleader, 
Francis  Porras,  a  prisoner,  to  be  tried  in  Spain  for  his 

misdeeds.'  .     ^  ., 

It  was  not  nntil  the  28th  of  June,  moi-just  a  year  after 
their  arrival  at  Santa  (Gloria  -that  Columbus  and  his  men  were 
gladdened  by  the  sight  of  the  two  caravels  which  had  been 
sent  to  their  relief.  One  was  from  the  faithful  Mende/,  the 
other  from  Ovando.  The  embarkation  of  the  castaways,  as 
may  be  supposed,  was  quic^kly  effected;  but  adverse  winds 


'  Irviiis;. 


m^. 


ivt'd  thill  lin 
m  was  ,I<»lui 
ii'u'd  of!  un 

)l<>ni('\v  was 
rtho,  with  a 
ed  the  liaiul 
11  th('shi«'hl, 
al's  ft'arh'ss 
rs,  <j,ra])iil<'(l 
1  taking  him 

n  confusion, 
ck  fioin  the 
irray,  gazinj? 
ite  men,  but 
holoniew  ve- 
and  several 
'U   had  beeri 

r  to  the  Ad- 
ig  tlieir  'nis- 
oath  of  obe- 
i  tlieir  heads 
lie  abject  na- 
)f  these  niis- 
nianiinity,  he 
ir  ringleader, 
ipain  for  his 

t  a  year  after 
1  his  men  were 
licli  had  been 
1  Meiidez,  the 
castaways,  as 
idverse  winds 


CITIirSTOrilKl!  COIA'MliU^. 


m 


nin  le  the  voyage  to  llisitaniohi  a  long  one.     The  two  vessels 
<li(l  not  1    leh  San  Dotuingo  befort*  th«'  l.'ith  of  August.' 

'I'lie  venerable  Admiral's  stay  was  short,  but  far  from  jtleas- 
nnt.  in  th  •  oeantifiil  ishiiid  wliieh  he  had  once  discovered,  and 
inwlilch  M>  many  of  his  hopes  rested.  He  was  all  anxiety  to 
return  to  Spain,  and  boarded  a  caravel  whose  ])row  was 
directed  tiiwards  Kui'ojje.  Alas!  even  in  this  last  vuyag<^ 
lie  was  foired  to  "  make  head  against  a  sea  »»f  troubles."  ills 
evil  star  vas  in  the  asc 'udant.  Twice  his  vessel  nearly 
foiinderro  Twice  her  masts  were  sprung  in  successive  tem- 
j)ests.  ]{>-  own  shattered  constitution  was  gradually  giving 
way  to  acute  attacks  of  the  gout,  which  had  become  more 
nnd  more  i'requent  for  the  last  few  years.  .And  thus,  pros- 
trated by  sickness,  nearly  ruined  in  means,  and  n(»w  hope- 
less of  aiiy  oncoui-agement  from  Ferdinand  and  Isabidla, 
the  discovn'i-er  of  the  New  World,  tin;  great  old  Catholic 
hero  who  had  doiU)led  tlu»  size  of  the  world's  map,  arrived 
at  Seville  ;«n  the  7th  of  November,  1004,  in  as  miserable  a 
l)light  as  even  his  vilest  enemy  could  have  wished. 


1  "  TliH  yniitsa  Hcrniilulrt  Corn's  Wiib  in  tlio  crowd  wliicli  firooti'd  tlic  return  of  tli«  vott  ran  illx- 
coviTcr.  !!.•  liivci  lo>t  his  lulnilration  of  t'olumbuf,  and  in  many  tilings  strove  to  follow  liid 
example."-  /iiZ/KV  h'uiij/it,  .i'.  J. 


T 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

THE   SKTTIN(i   SIX    OF     A    (JLOKIOl'S    LIFE. 

Porcrtii  (tufi  old  offc  assail  VohDiihns—Dcafh  of  fsahella 
ihe  Catholic— Eairads  from  the  AdmhaVs  hlUrs—Thv 
dailh-lnd  of  a  1u'io—i'oiiJlniiiit(/  his  ic  ill— The  last  mo- 
■luents  of  A7nerl(:a\s  Discoirrcr—IJls  many  loinhs—Uis 
Vharavter— Miracles. 

We  hasten  to  the  end  with  feelings  of  niinjrled  sorrow 
and  admiration.  The  inliiniitles  of  the  s'eiit  Admiral 
v.'cre  too  many  to  i)ermit  him  t(t  proceed  to  Court.  He 
theivl'on?  passl'd  the  winter  at  Seville,  in  a  sad  state  of 
bodily  and  mental  suirerinJ,^  Care  and  misfortune  were 
destined  to  follow  him  by  sea  and  land,  and,  in  chan.niny  the 
scene,  he  l)Ut  chan<ivd  the  nature  of  his  alllictions.  His 
all'airs  were  all  in  confusion.  Such  had  been  the  case  ever 
since  his  arrest  by  Bobadilla.  His  revenues  arif.inf;-  in  His- 
paninhi  were  not  sent  to  him  ;  and  his  recent  disasti'ous  voy- 
a'j:e  had  involved  him  in  expenses,  for  the  p;reater  i)art  of 
which  the  Crown  remained  his  debtor. 

Writini;:  to  his  s(m,  Don  James,  he  urges  him  to  economy. 
"Of  the  revenue  due  to  me,"  says  the  aged  Admiral,  "I 
rece'ive  nothing,  but  live  by  borrowing.  Little  have  I  prof- 
ited by  twenty  years  of  toils  and  perils,  since  at  present  I 
do  not  own  a  roof  in  Spain.  I  have  no  resort  but  an  inn, 
and  for  most  of  the  tim    1  am  nnabh?  to  meet  my  i>ills."' 

His  own  sorrows  and  misfortunes,  however,  afllicfcd  him 
less  than  those  of  his  fri(mds  and  followers,  whos(»  ruin  was 
involved  in  his.  In  their  behalf  he  warmly  ]ileaded  with 
the  Spanish  Sovereigns.  But  the  cold  and  jealous  Ferdinand 
still  had  his  ears  oi)en  to  the  false  accusers  who  w(n-e  ever 
ready  to  malign  Columbus  :  and  although  the  favor  of  the 
noble  Isabella  had  never  failed  him,  she  was  now,  alas '.  on 

108 


'k. 


(•iiiiisroi'iii:it  voiAMin's. 


ino 


of  fsahflla 
I'iUo-s—The 
['he  hid  iiio- 

ioiiibs — Jfifi 

lulled  sorrow 
'at  Aclniiral 
Court.  He 
sad  state  of 
'ortnne  were 
clianginii;  the 
ictioiis.  llis 
lu>  f'ase  ever 
•i.';iii<;  in  His- 
sasti'oiis  voy- 
eater  i)art  of 

to  economy. 
Admiral,  "l 

liave  I  prof- 
'.  at  present  T 

but  an  inn, 
ly  bills."' 
af!li('f<d  him 
ios(»  ruin  was 
pleaded  with 
US  Ferdinand 
lio  were  ever 
favor  of  the 
LOW,  alas  I  on 


the  eonfmes  of  eternity,  '•!  have  served  your  ^fajesties,  ' 
wrote  the  ineomparaMc  hero,  "with  as  much  /.eal  aiid'con- 
Ntancy  as  if  1  had  been  seeking;-  after  Paradise,  and  if  [ 
luive  fallen  •<liort  in  aiiythin;;',  it  is  because  my  niiu<l  aiul 
8tren;;th  wer(!  unecpial  to  th(>  eH'oit." 

"May  it  please  tiie  Holy  Ti-iuity,"  he  <'xcl:dms  in  a  letter 
to  his  son,  "to  restore  oui'  Sovereii-'n  (^ueeii  to  her  health; 
for  by  her  everythiu.u;  will  be  adjusted  that  is  now  iu  con- 
fusion." Alas!  before  he  had  penned  these  woids.  the 
great  ami  saintly  IsalMdla  the  Catholic  was  no  more  in  this 
Avorld.' 

"()  my  dear  son  .lames,"  wiote  the  heavy  hearted  Colum- 
bus, when  lie  heard  of  this  sad  event,  "let  this  be  a  lesson 
to  you  as  regards  your  in-esent  duty.  The  liist  thiii.L!:  is  to 
recommend  the  soul  of  oui'  sovereign  the  (,Jueen  to  (iod, 
with  jtiety  and  alfection.  She  was  so  i-ood  and  so  holy  that 
we  may  rest  assured  of  her  eternal  ha]»i»iness.  She  is  iiov/ 
sheltered  from  all  the  cares  and  tribulations  of  this  world  iu 
th<>  bosom  of  (lod.  The  next  thini;-  I  recommend  to  you  is  to 
Avatch  and  labor  with  all  your  streiiiith  for  the  service  of  tln^ 
King.  It  is  the  duty  of  all  to  pray  for  the  comfort  and 
X)reservation  of  his  life ;  but  it  is  ours  in  an  especial  man- 
ner, since  we  are  his  servants." 

What  chivalrous  lovaltv  and  devotion,  even  in  the  very 
extrendty  of  ndsfortune! 

Dui-ing  a  gieut  part  of  thesin-ing,  Columbus  was  detained 
at  Seville  by  his  maladies,  Don  ]?artholomew,  in  the  mean- 
lime,  i)roceeded  to  Court  to  attend  to  the  Admiral's  con- 
cerns. He  was  accompanied  by  the  young  Fi-rnando  (Jo- 
lumbus,  th(>n  ab(mt  seventeen  years  old.  In  a  letter  to  Ids 
elder  son,  James,  the  illustrious  discoverer  of  Amei'ica  in- 
culcates th(^  sti'ongest  brotherly  attachment.  He  refers  to 
his  own  noble  brothers  with  one  of  tlutse  warm  and  all'ect- 


'  .\fU'r  fiiiir  monllis  of  illniss  wlic  died,  in  the  fiftyfciirlli  yc;ir  of  Ii't  h^t;  Imt  lory  lii'forc  licr 
oyos  closed  uiion  the  world,  her  lirart  h'ld  olo-cd  upon  all  i!"  poiiips  and  vaidtii's.  ,  .  .  Sire  was 
one  of  till' piiri':-t  spirits  lli:it  ever  ruled  over  tlic  destinies  of  n  nation,  find  she  Iu  en  sp.ired, 
hir  lieiiL'nant  vi!;ilaiiec"  woidd  have  prevented  many  a  scene  of  horror  in  th<'  Xew  World,  .'uid 
nii'-'ht  have  softened  the  lot  of  Its  native  lidia^iit'ints.  As  it  is.  her  fair  iianu.'wiil  ever  i^liiiui 
with  celestial  riidlance  iu  the  early  dawning  (if  its  liistory.— /r.  i/iy. 


-^,)  cmusToriiKJt  coLvytnus. 

i„.  rnn.-hos  which  l.osp..iik  th..  kin.lm'SH  of  |'5^/'<^='^;|;     "^^ 

iho  chhT  bioth.-r  sh....hl  unto  the  youn-.>r.     \ou  \uxu'  xv 
,Hu.r,  nn,l  1  praise  (Jo.l  that  this  is  surh  u  one  -  y- --  ; 
T,.n  hvothers  would  uot  1,.  t<.o  n.any  l..r  you      ^«         "'    ' 
1    found  a  bettor    Iriend,    to    right  or   lo    lolt,    tiu.n    n.> 

^'ll  was'not  until  the  n.onth  of  May   that  ('.>lun.lms  was 

,1      ;a,"nnplishhisJoMrnoyt<>C'ourt.     He  who  but  a   e^ 

..  n-s  before  ha.l  entorod  tl.o  .-ity  of  P^aree hma  ,n  Inuu  pi  , 

U     ulod  bv  the  ehivalry  of  Spain,  an.l  hailed  wUh  rapture 

,  ,He  nm'ltitu.le,  now  arrive.l   at   the  ,.des  of  Soo-ov  a 
„;.deeted.  way-worn  and  u..-lan.-holy  man.    lb'  was  woighed 
amvn  bv  sorri.ws  oven  uiore  than  by  years  an.l  "'"•■""'';:^; 

T„tlH.  cold  but  eonrteous  F.-nlinand  the  presenee  ot  the 
\dn.irMl   so.-n.ed   to  b,>  importunate,  and  his  pov.«rly  was 
;v..arde.l  as  a  keen  though  taeit  veproa-h      Con.nuss.oners 
Av^ro,  it  is  true,  appointed  to  inquire  int<.  his  condiiet,  and 
edeoreeof  jnstiee  with  whieh  he  elaimed  the  restitution 
c,f  his  property  mid  his  privileges.     They  bnind  no  r,^,s<.n 
to  deny  his  rights,  bnt  they  wasted  his  patienee  by  the 
delavs      Nor  was  this  all.     Anxiety,  and  the  dread  he  fel 
of  leaving  his  sons  and  his  brother  unprovided  for,  added 
to  his  bodily  sutTevings. 

-Your  Majesty,"  he  wrote  to  the  King  from  his  siek 
coueh  -  conceives  it  inexpedient  to  fullill  the  promises  which 
I  received  from  you,  and  from  tlie  Queen  who  is  now  m 
glorv.  To  struggle  against  your  will  would  be  to  wrestle 
viti;  the  wind.  I  have  d(,ne  my  duty.  May  Clod,  who  has 
ever  shown  me  mercy,  order  the  rest  according  to  IIis  divine 

iustice ! " 

Alas!  it  was  the  hero's  life  rather  than  his  <i»i^..tles.s 
spirit  that  even  then  \\'a%  sinking  under  him.  At  1)J>  own 
request,  his  brother,  T)4>n  Bartholomew,  and  his  son  •  .imes. 
were  at  that  verv  time  alwnit  to  imphire  aid  fr.>m  (Jueen 
Juana,  Isabella's  daughter,  wh(»  was  cm  her  way  from  >  an- 
d*»rs  to  Castile.  Evervthinc  seem*^d  to  conspire  against  mm 
IM  his  last  hours.     Physu-al  suffering,  mental  anguish,  and 


ciinisTOPiiKn  COL r.vnrs. 


171 


^nvt.  "To 
yoiirsfU"  a» 
oil  litivf  iio 
4  yon  lUM'd, 
Never  Uuvo 
,   than  my 

mnl'iis  v.as 
<>  but  a  Tow 
ill  (riuinpli, 
illi  niiitiiie 
f  SejLi'ovia  a 
\;is  \vei,L!;lieil 
ilirniities. 
!ence  of  the 
povei'i  y  was 
nmiissioiiers 
•oiuluct,  and 
^  restitution 
id  no  re.ison 
lice  by  tlu'ir 
iread  In?  Mt 
■d  for,  added 

om  his  sick 
oinises  which 
o  is  now  in 
be  tt)  wrestle 
}od,  who  has 
to  His  divine 

his  <li^    riess 

A1  hi>  own 

is  son  .'.imos, 

from  ( in  pen 
ly  from  Flan- 
■e  against  liini 

ansnish,  and 


the  feeling  that  his  life  was  about  t(»  be  cut  sholt  before  he 
c(»iil(l  hop(!  to  see  himself  honorably  jiistiiled;  the  triumph  of 
liis  l)itter  enemies  at  Court,  tlu' courtiers'  derision,  tlie  Kiii,<,f"s 
cohliiess,  the  shadow  of  death, wliich  he  saw  daily  approach- 
iii;^:,  and  the  sad  loneliness  in  which  the  absence  of  iiis  sou 
and  his  brother  left  him  in  a  fori>('tful  and  un;irateful  town; 
the  recollections  »»f  a  life  spent,  the  one  lialf  in  the  expecta- 
tion of  a  <j,ioiioiis  destiny,  the  other  in  :leploriii,u"  the  iin- 
liappy  fate  of  u'eniils  desjjised;  tiie  tliou^ht  of  ids  biotliers 
without  provision,  his  son  wi.hout  a  heritaji-e,  and  the 
uncertain  fate  of  his  nit'iiiory  amonj^-  future  <ienerations-  a}l 
these  trilmlations  :if  limits  and  mind,  of  body  and  soul,  of 
past,  ])resent  and  future,  wei^lied  in  one  bitt<'r  moment  on 
the  venerable  Admiral. 

Let  us  reverently  approach  the  dyin^'  hero.  Let  us  behold 
his  last  hours.  It  may  teach  ns  liow  to  die.  We  can  imau;- 
jne  what  a  hotel  must  have  been  at  that  day  in  Sjuiin.  In 
a  lonely  chamber  lay  the  (iiand  Admiral  t)f  the  Ocean  on 
liis  bed  of  suffering.  The  bare  walls  were  ornamented  with 
naught  but  his  chains.  lie  reipiested  one  of  liis  attendants 
— an  old  and  faithful  companion  of  his  voyages-— to  bring 
lo  his  !)edside  a  ]ien,  ink  and  writi:ig  materials.  Several 
years  itefore  lie  luid  madt."  his  will,  Jjut  he  wished,  in  hiii 
last  hours,  to  conlirm  what  he  had  already  done,  and  to 
given  linal  impress  of  indisputable  authenticity  to  the  docu- 
ment. What  a  strange  sight,  to  behold  a  mau  shunned  by 
the  great,  abandoned  l)y  the  world,  and  strt?tched  on  a  l)ed 
of  poverty  in  a  miserable  little  room,  distributing  seas, 
islands,  countries. 

As  already  stated,'  he  made  his  son  Bon  James,  his  chief 
heir.  "I  beseech  my  Sovereigns  and  their  successors," 
wrote  Columbus,  "to  nphold  forever  this,  my  last  will,  in 
the  distribution  of  my  lights,  my  goods  and  my  offices— I 
who,  although  born  at  (Tenf)a.  came  to  Castile  to  serve 
them,  and  who  have  discovered,  in  the  West,  mainland, 
islands  and  the  Indies.     My  son  shall  hold  my  office  of  Ad- 

'  Sec  p.  13«. 


MP 


Hi 


ciJUisTorin:n  col cmvus. 


iiiinilon  truil  \m-t  of  Hi»^  o'van   wvstwanl  of  ii  liiii'  .Irawu 
fl'om  oIH'  pole  to  111*'  other." 

Til.'  ^^liiii.l  old  man  Mu'ii  passed  to  the  tjst^  of  ilw  iwrtuirs 
HtTiiivd  to  him  I»v  his  treaty  with  Fenlitiai.d  a:i<l  Isiil.rlla. 
Wisely  and  lii.eially,  h.'  disiiil.nted  the  inilli<.ns  which  ol" 
ii<;ht  were  his  Ix^twl-en  his  son  Don  .lames  and  his  l.K.ther 
Don  iiartholoMiew.' 

Then  turnin.u-  a  last  linp-rlnf;  look  toward  thiit  dear  na- 
tivo  hill  I,  whii'h  n  »  a  I  »i>t'' I  <.'"niirry  can  ev.-r  blot  from  the 
liearr  of  man.  his  sold  yearned  towards  the  eity  of  (ienoa, 
wh.jrein  the  horn-  of  his  fathers  had  already  <'rnml)l.'<l  at 
the  tonehof  time,  l)iit  in  whieli  there  still  dwelt  wmie  dis- 
tant relative,  like  an  oil  root  clinuin^^  to  the  soil  when  tho 
forest  vrmdv  had  bi-i'ii  levied.  "  i  desire  my  son  .lames," 
he  wrote,  "always  to  maintain  in  the  city  of  (feiioa  (me 
member  of  onr  family,  who  shall  reside  there  with  his  wife, 
and  to  see  that  th'  allow.mc;?  nr.i.h^  ti*  him  is  liberal,  that 
he  may  live  in  a  style  belittin.n'  one  who  is  allied  to  ns.  I 
desire'that  this  relation  retain  his  property  and  eitizi'iiship 
in  that  town,  for  it  was  there  that  I  was  born,  and  it  was 
thence  I  came." 

"May  my  s(m,'"  ho  added,  with  that  chivab'ic  sentiment 
of  fealty  whicli  was  the  second  reIi;;ion  of  those  times, 
"  may  n'ly  son,  in  memory  of  me,  serve  the  Kiii,u-,  the  (ineen, 
and  their  snc/essors,  even  to  the  forfeiture  of  life  and  uoods 
—.since,  next  to  God,  it  was  they  who  snpplied  me  with  thti 
means  of  makinu?  my  discoveries." 

"It  is  true,"  lu;  went  on,  in  a  tone  of  lialf-stilled  reproach, 
arising,  as  it  were,  from  tho  (U'pths  of  memory, "  that  1  caiiK^ 
from  a  lon,^'  distancci  to  make  an  offering  of  them,  and  that  a 
tedious  length  of  time  ])assed  away  before  any  credit  was 
given  to  th'  gift  I  brought  their  Majesties;  lait  that  was 
only  natural,  for  it  was  a  mystery  to  all  the  world,  and 
could  only  be  regarded  at  first  incredulously.  For  that  veiy 
reason,  I  ought  to  share  my  trium]dis  with  those  Sovereigns 
who  were  the  first  to  trust  my  word." 


1  Don  .I.i'.iv.'x.  Ill"  A'lmlrnl's  noii,  MMvn  tlmt  he  was  charged  to  pay  the  duvoted  Beatrix  10,000 
maravcdlcfl  a  year.— /rrf«(/. 


line  tlliiwn 
lie  n'Vclllli'S 

:ul  Isiilicllu. 
IS  which  <»r 
Ills  liKttht'i' 

int  dear  na- 
(»t  IVoiii  the 
y  (»!'  (iciioa, 
•niiul)h'il  jit 
It  some  (Us- 
il  whfii  tho 
;(tu  .hum's," 

(fl'llOil    (lUO 

kh  Ills  wil'c, 
lih.'ial  that 
'd  to  us.  I 
L  c'itizt'iishii) 
.  and  it  was 

Ic  scntiiuciit 
those  liiiK's, 
;  tilc  (^iiccli, 
I'e  and  tioods 
me  with  thti 

ledi'('i)roa('li, 
'that  1  canio 
n.  and  that  n 
y  civdit  was 
»ut  that  was 
>  world,  and 
^V»r  tliat  vciy 
ie  Soveiviu'ns 


!V0tra  Beatrix  10.000 


viinisTiti'iii.ii  (0/ ru/irs. 


I7n 


This  historic  will  also  cuntiniit'd  many  Icpiclrs  for  t ho 
I'wiMidatioii  (it  dilVt'rt'nl  chnrrhcs,  and  made  sprchd  proNJs- 
ion  I'oi'  the  rejdi/.atioii  of  a  nrand  desiun  whidi  had  always 

oc<Mllti«'d  his  fh.iU/^hts-  the  deiiveran »l'  the  lloiy   Sepill- 

(•lire,  lioiii;  had  it  lieeii  his  desire  to  undertake  a  ntw  cru' 
sade;  hut.  nnai)le  lilniseH'  to  rnise  aloft  the  roii(|Ueriiiii- eross, 
lie  directed  that  Ji  [lart  of  his  revenues  should  he  annually 
veseived  in  sr.  ({eurye's  liank  at  Uenoa.  for  llie  fullillnieiit 
of  his  chei'ished  desiirn,  and  that  it  >hoiild  tlie:e  accninnlato 
until  a  sullicieiit  sum  was  raised  to  (it  out  any  army  «tf  (-rii- 
.saders.  lie  solemnly  hound  his  heirs  to  inlerest  themselves 
personally  in  the  success  of  this  pious  enterprise.' 

JIaving  thus  scrupulously  acipiitted  himself  of  all  earthly 
duties,  Cohunhu.s  turned  his  thoughts  to  Heaven— that 
heautiful  Heaven  which  had  always  occupied  so  large  a  ])ait 
of  his  hright,  heroic  mind,  Agret'ahly  to  the  usage  of  tlio 
tim((  and  the  ])articidar  inclination  of  his  i>iety,  h«!  put  on 
the  hahit  of  the  Third  Order  of  St.  Francis,  lie  then  made 
a  last  humhle  confession,  and  received  tin?  //<>///  Vialirxni. 
His  chains,  hy  Ids  wishes,  wcic  •^o  descend  with  him  into  the 
tomh.  Mournfully  standing  arouml  liis  hed  "cre  his  two 
sons,  his  officers,  some  friends,  and  a  few  Franciscan  fathers; 
while  hourly  the  great  Admiral  of  the  Ocean  felt  him- 
self advancing  to  that  mysterious  port  which  opens  into 
eternity.  Full  of  faith,  and  liope,  and  love,  he  asked  for 
the  sacrament  of  Extn^ne  Tnction  as  a  preparation  for  this 
last  great  voyage — a  voyage  in  which  the  ])(\'isnnt  who  has 
seen  hut  tlie  little  district  around  his  liome.  and  the  nn,i:hty 
travelers  in  thought  and  deed,  are  alike  to  lind  themselves 
npon  the  unknown  waters  oi  that  life  heyond  the  tomb. 
Looked  at  in  tliis  way,  what  a  great  discoverer  each  of  us 
is  to  he  I 

The  dying  hero  was  ahh' to  join  in  the  prayers  that  were 
said  for  him,  and  answered  the  Franciscan  father  wlio  read 
the  recommendation  for  the  departing  soul.  To  the  end  his 
wonderful  intellect  shone  out  clear  and  vigorous.     A  true 


'  For  tlip  text  of  this  will-  pcrliajis  tlic  tnofit  roniarI%nl)li'  over  writti'n— cc  ■  Irvinc'H  "  Life  and 
Voyages  of  Columbus,"  Vol.  3;  an;l  McGue's  'Catholic  History  of  America,"  appendix. 


'31 


j,^  riiiiisT()riti:n  coi.i'.vni's. 

pn..t  l.v  natuiv,nsw,.  hawnvvuhy  l.hlan^Minfi.M.n.l  vviilinjrs 
lit.  (.l..tli.'(l    til.,  lust  nspin.rinii  of  his  spirit  and  Ili.-dvmK 

iii.inuuis  of  his  lips  in  th*.  siu-iva  i sy  of  tl xpu  inu  H»- 

,l,.,.„i,.r  of  mniiki.i.l,  "Int..  Ihy  Imn.ls,  ()  Lnnll  I  nunmrml 
niv  spirit  "     Tims  di.-d  Cliiisioph.T  CMlnnil.ns.  tin'  siimtly 

an.l  in u.nial.h' man,  thr  Calliulir  disn.v.T.T  of  Ani.-nrM 

jnidlli.'Kf<'"<''^f  "''  Admirals,  en  Asc.-nsion  l>ay,  th.-'Joili  <.l 
May,  ill    tli.-  yrar  i:.(t<5.     lU'  was  alnait   si'vcnty   years  ul 

""li'v.'n  d.'atli  did  nut  end  the  voya.ues  ..f  the  veneral.le  hero. 
Ills  iMKlvuas  lirsl  <h>i.osited  in  tlie  Fmnciscan  ('..nvi-nl  at 
Valladolid.  On  Ids  tond.  was  ph..-ed  tlie  inscription:  ".1 
('<,s/i/!a   n  «   J.roi,   Aiirro  M,in>l»  <//"  C^'loii"     To  Castile 

.,u.l  I ."CuluinlM.s  -uve  a  New  World.     His  remains  Nvere 

..rterwards  talun  to  the  Carthnsiau  n.nvent  of  Seville 
X„r.lid  thev  tliere  rest  Ion-.  In  ir-:"!  they  wer..  removed 
t,.  HispaniolM,and  uiterivd  in  the  Cathedral  of  San  Dumu.-o; 
Miul  in  I7i>:>  thev  wereeonveye.l  to  tlie  Cathedral  ol  Ilavanna, 
where  thev  noiv  repose.  And  there,  ,i(,t  far  from  tl...  s.'e.ies 
„f  his  nauiy  toils,  and  dan-ei's,  and  liumiliationH,  r.'st  the 

.W..,vlll,lis.ln..!!u',.r,.fo,m.l.M.nvir.l„„,.f.,Mr  .nin.l,     W.  .l.clnr,.  ....forc  (i.,.1,  "^"^T^ 
„,  .  „.,  ,„.r,.r,.  n...n.  wl„ '  uo  „,„  lumw  1..  .lu.t  /■A.i.v,,,,/,, .  r.,,.„„>..  ,nr.  „  «,,»       N    ■ 

„r  H,„....l.,  for  wan.  of  a  nmr..  rsan  wnn  u>  a,,|.ly  loa  m  ,n  «Uo>n  .!.-■ .    n       lm«      t  u 

i,..,l    f.,r,  in  onr  rj.-.  nolMaly  ...Mil  tl..'..  I-  ..  «.ln..     A...I  «!»■..  »-  .l.clar.  «lt  1.  f..l    '"''"• 

„i-.o..v,  1.,  .1...  .....Ill f  a  InTo  of  a,..  .ioMKl.  .....1  of  a  ,r,  a.  ..rva...  of  ""      '"       "  '"^ 

„„.,i,:  of  whom  .1.,.  rl,„..,l. no.  y...  ,,.-o.,o»....c..l.     Nm,.-  urn..  "''"'"-••:•,,. 

;,f  ,,y.' H  or.l..r.,  who  «r..  ..ow  ill,. -, .-ion.  .....onl/v.!  H,.i„.H.  hav  r-...ai.,nl,  f<.r  a  .in..  ,  ...  a.. 

,,,,u,l  :i,„„lio...  aw.,it!..!..  th..  .lay  ol'  th-'ir  .a. oni.a.hm  -  'V,„;,^  </.■  '""V"''- 

Vha.  (•ol...nl...s  wa-  a  sainl.  i,. ,.  h-  ...Ll  -"-,•  of  tl..'  wo„l,  »:m'  to  h.  f '"5  ^        ' '    '     '  ' 
...... f.,1   r..H.:.r,.|...  ..f    i^nni    l(..H.|ly  .!.■   I.oW..-,     Uh...!.,..'  h-  ^vaH  a  H.in.    i..    ....    h  -'1 

r,  .  o„     ■;     w..  ha  V.  -....,  hv  .h-  H,a.,.li....'  n.!.,..!.'  of  a  Hp..,ial  ITovhUM....-  v.Mhly  .....r....l 

;.h',        ;.."..' ur  hl.n  «.f,^ly  ,hro...h..  ,l,.....a.,.l.la.....r.  i..  io„..,..n.i,...no,..  w.y....... 

1,1  1,1^  .1.  Mail.  a...     ari.> ^^    ^^^^  ^^^^^,  tc.T.lo|.nTc...l  p!  ...U^ 

iiiiiiiissHi 

I'alhtr  Kiiiylit,  S.  J. 


(1  wri  liners 
<  pi  liny  1{»'- 

I    COlllMlflKl 

tlio  Miiiitly 
I"  AiiK'iirM, 
the  ~'<>tli  of 
y    ycnr.s  of 

Till)!*'  Ikto. 

('(Hivnit  :it 
ptidii:    ".V 

To  Cnstilu 
.'iimiiiH  wcro 

of  Scvillf. 
'I'c  n-inovcd 

II  Diiiiiiiiyo; 

>f  IlilVittlI\il, 

n  tin*  scciu's 
•ns,  rest  the 

irr<lii(l.  «lii>  known 
«((»/.  We  linr  till! 
liploy  II.  Ill  II  lluiU'i' 

I  liiii  mil  vi'l  ciili'itl- 
vllh  full  ciinvlilliii'. 

Is  fdlllld.  II-  IvUiil'lH 

ic  Clliirili.  ii|"iii  111'' 
nriyiv.iiiiil  ruiimlci'n 
il,  fur  II  tiiiK'.  ill  no 

iiirly  (•(•rlirtiilliythu 
liil  In  llnl  lii.'lii'.-t 
riiiiiii'il  liy  rvlili'in  r 
III  liy  liirilircil  liitiT- 
nil  only  Hiiy  llml  tli« 
.  worlliy  iif  lliiit  lil'llt 
i'l|iiiii;  liiiiiil  of  (iiid, 

III  till'  pidliiliim  of 
liMici'  vi^ilily  cxcrli'd 
(■ni|n>lii"iii-  MiyiiaL'K, 

MTilii|.ii'rcril  pbiiikK, 

II  i*liiiri' ;  lii^  womliT- 
r|lln'^illK  ii-ilniliilio;iH 
(iiic  viniliilivc  wnril, 

si'nsf  i)f  till'  "iiril.— 


f  in: IS  Toriih'U  cot.  vstn  vs. 


i7.n 


(ihIu's  <»r  tlu'  mlKlity  t'oniiiu'ioi  of  tlif  oci'im  arul  tli«'  Vw- 
vj'iili-r  of  ilif  >;1oIm'.' 

Till'  lift'  of  ('oluml)iiH  JM  his  lii'st  fiiloiry.  It  i"*  oiio 
of  tlir   most    holy,  hi'i'oi*'  iiml   woiuh-i fill   on   record. 

IJilxc  cvciylliin^'  lh:il  is  not  of  this  ctiith.  lif  ^liinds 
jiloiK',  ^rniui  iinil  niystt'i-joiis.  Tlir  dniiniitic  timl  I  ho 
piM'ti*'  cutri'  Into  his  t'\istrnc»';  iiiid  fM-ry  tliinu  that 
conifs  in  contu'-t  with  him  Mciiniivs  ili^-nily  or  Mnifi-rn 
distinclioii. 

His  viitih'H  wt'ic  iis  shinin.u'  :is  (lu-y  w.'iv  niinuTons.  How 
siiMiino  was  his  faith!  Kvnylhinu:  was  dont-  'n  the  nann' 
of  (Joil.  All  his  uivat  cnti'ipiisrs  wfic  iindniaUm  liy 
iiivoldnti'  th(*  Most  Holy  Tiinify.  WIh-ii  his  /ztnins  dls- 
covt'i'i'd  a  now  landjio  laisi'd  his  voici'iind  hi.s  heart  in  piaiso 
and  ;;iatitn<h^  to  lleavi'ii.  For  him  thi- ntar  (»f  hopo  slioiio 
with  a  cflt'stial  hiilliancy  niisi'fii  l»y  coiiinion  eyes.  It  never 
M't.  His  charity  was  t'xhaiisiicss.  I'iciy  held  the  lirst 
]tlac('  ill  his  hriulit,  unecpialed  miiul,  and  sdl  else  came  after. 
Uelinion  min^deil  with  tiie  whole  course  of  liis  thonjihts  ami 
acthais,  and  .shone  forth  in  liis  most  private  and  unstudied 
wriiin,i>s.  It  crowned  the  lofty  inte,i;iity  of  his  manly  char- 
acter. 

A  Cafliolic  of  {'atholics,  if  he -desired  to  open  tin-  way 
to  unknown  continents,  and  to  laise  lar<>'e  sums  of  money, 
it  was  not  through  any  motive  of  yraspin^;-  sellishiiess.  Jie- 
fore  St.  Ignatius  adojiled  the  maxim.  Ad  inaioivni  Dei 
,l},>ih(iii.  (;olnml)Us  put  it  in  practice.  To  carry  the  li^lit  of 
tliedospel  to  the  heathen,  to  connect  tlieends  of  the  earth 
for  the  <ilory  of  (Jo<l,  to  rescue  the  Holy  Seimlchre  huwx 
the  hands  of  tla^  inlidd  I'lirk  -siicli  were  the  lofty  mo- 
fives  that  guided  his  life's  labors.  Nor  was  he  simply  a 
saintly  iiero  and  a  gTcat  Admiral.  Thou-ih  a  layman,  he 
was  one  of  the  f^Teatest  of  missionaries.  His  discoveries 
opened  Heaven  to  millions  of  souls.  This  inesseni^er  of  the 
Cross  rivals  the  most  illustrious  of  the  saints  in  bein^i;  the 


'  Not  lon-j  iiufi  Mil'  iii'v\>piiiHTH  (l.-irll"'<t  tlir  lliiilliiL'  of  Mir  rriniiiii.«  of  ColiimbiiH  In  the  Ciitlin- 
ilriil  (if  Siiiri)oiiiiM-'o.  TliiTo  isnoiniiliiii  ^iiili  rii.or,-'.  Ill- ii..au's  re»t  ut  Uavunil.  Sw  Col- 
inolro'h  rcic'iitly  inil>ll»Uiil  luuiioijrinili,  Lw  lUflon  dt  I'vlon. 


no 


ciiHisrnnii.n  coi.i'.iniia. 


ni.TiiH  of  iiTilurUlnji;  »li<*  pnifnh  ni'   |»iii:i(lh«'  to  loiiiitlisji 
iiiHlrifiiil)'H. 

Willi  nIuiII  \v«'  iiniiH'  l»:nv«'i'  lli:i?i  lln'  imiiiMrtiil  |)lsc.»vt'iyr 
of  AiiH'rIni<  lliH  vifJoiU's,  Ukv  liis  lilV,  Mmul  iilunc  in  hin- 
tiU'V.  My  liit  »l:iiiiitl.'s>i  spiiir.  \h>>  iiiini'lrd  l'uir<- ..i'  hh  p'- 
nliis  Hint  iIk  li|rs>iii,u;  ol  lliMvrii,  In-  rose  siiiii'iioi- to  rvfiy 
iliiM^ivriiiith'Vcry  ililllciilry.  With  liimuii^iniiltsl  tli.Muuvir. 
tloirtliiil  tlif  Atliintic!  •ciihl  1...  nv.uU'  n  |Killiwiiy  to  lli.-  In- 
tli.H  .  iiii  I  ill  H;»iri'  of  liif !  -I'  np|>  'siiioii  iiii'l  lilt'  iii'.Ht  lii'iirt- 
less  iM'iHfciitioii,  lit'  sih'i'im'.I.mI  ill  impifssiiiL;  llif  tnitli  ol"  iiis 
idcii  iqioii  otiwis.  His  iiu\.'rly  iii!i<l»'  llic  !ii<l  <>r  a  rich  pu- 
troll  cHHPiHial  lo  lilt'  ninyiii;;  out  ol'  his  viinI  ihojitIs.  Iln 
(l.'spairt'd  not  wIk-ii  all  sfonicd  h(.|H'It'sM.  With  iiiihi-aitl  »»f 
••iicr-y  iiiid  luatchlt'ss  pi'iscvcraiK't',  In-  luilrd  J'or  lu-iirly  a 
lirili7.l  :i  n'litiiry  l»i'l'oi»^  li<!  could  ol»taiii  «'V«'n  ii  succcnsI'iiI 
licariiiK  His  hair  wiix  white  at  thirty,  from  dcci)  ivtlcctioii 
oil  tilt'  siil>j»'ct  of  discovery.  Kor  yt-ais  li«'  ^niiidly  Ih.iv  up 
jiLrdiist  scorn,  delay,  poverty,  aixl  vileconlenipt;  and  linally, 
ItailUn.i;' with  man  iiiid  tempest,  Ic  trimiii»hed  over  the  terrors 
ol  the  vast  and  jrl«">i»y  «»('e.ni!  lie  was  lifty  seven  when  ho 
planteil  the  t'lHjsH  on  the  wild  shores  of  San  Salvailor.  I'liit, 
never  for  a  moment  was  he  deserteil  by  snUlime  conraue 
and  ma^iiiaaimily  of  soul.  On  no  occasion  do  we  see  him 
descend  lo  haid<eriii,us  for  earthly  Klory,,  (»r  yield  to  any  iiin- 
liitiiMi  for  iMipiiliirity,  or  tiiicUle  f(»r  the  favors  of  the  Spanish 
Court.  His  Cliristiiiii  din'iiity  stood  far  ii^io.e  all  lli(»se 
things.  His  nolile  fmbearance  in  the  wrongs,  and  iiisiilfs, 
ajid  conntless  injuries  heaped  on  liis  (h'clinini,'  years  reveals 
u  nninded  character  of  cr\stal  hcanty  and  unrivaled  gran- 
deur. 

How  shall  we  deline  /nic  f//-r(fhirsfi .'  By  what  standard 
ran  we  judu'c  men  so  as  to  be  able,  with  s(tme  justice  and 
precision,  to  jxtint  out  the  jfrearest  i  Tt  may  be  safely 
asserted  that  lu!  is  the  ^iieatest  man  lo  whom  ///r  imrltl  /.s' 
VKtal.  hxh'hU'tl.  M«>:\sured  by  his  achievements  and  their 
results,  ('hristopher  tlolumbiis.  we  venture  to  assert,  stands 
first  on  the  roll  of  tlie  truly  great,  headini:-  the  list  of  tho 
most  illustrious  men  of    ali   time.      Compared   with   {his 


coitlitless 

nix.  ,1 1'l'f 

i>ii)'  iit  his- 

II'  fo  »'V»'ry 
ilif<'(ni\i(!. 
t«»  III''  III- 
i.Hf  ln'jirl- 
nth  of  Ills 
ii  ii<'|i  pti' 
ijfcls.  Ilo 
iiihi'iiiil'uf 
I  iicMiiy  a 
MiirccsMl'ul 
)  ivllcctiiiii 
ly  Ittiii'  Ml) 
ml  liiiiilly, 
flic  ImufH 
n  \nIi«>ii  Iio 
1(1(11'.     I'liit 

IC    (•(•Ill'iliHO 

^•»»  M('(>  hi  111 

Id  jiiiy  iim- 

hc  S|i;iniNli 

.'ill    I  host) 

11(1    illMllfS, 

'ill's  icvciil.S 
rsili'd  j^ran- 

t  stiindiii'd 

jiistict'!  iind 

he   siitVly 

and   tlu'ii' 

<('rf.  stiiiids 

list  of  \\w 

with   lIiLs 


citntsroriff.'ii  cur. rvnrs 


177 


Critlioljc  hero,  what  aic  Alfxniidfi',  FFiuuiIIkiI,  ('.•r-'iir,  iiiid 
N»Iioh'oii<  Wliaf  d'M'H  flu'  worhl  o»v«'  thi'tn  i  For  what  iHi* 
Ui'  Anirjiraiis  ltid»'l)t«'d  to  tlntii  ■  ll(tu  ditTcn  lit  fn  ill  To- 
|iiiiiImi>«I  To  liitii  Nc'ii'tir'c,  roiimicrci' Mild  religion  o\M'  iiior.» 
tliiiii  to  any  other  man.  The  New  WoiM  icvcrct  hini  an  its 
diHcovt'ivr,  Tln«  ('ath(»ll<' ('hmrh  r«'«'o^nl/«'H  in  hliii  one  of 
hi'i'^i't'iit  and  holy  nous.  In  nhort,  vicwliiu;  his  iiii|i:iialh'l('d 
iii'hicVi'iiD'tits  and  their  lionitdl'-ss  icHidt'^,  the  uhcic  tiiith 
and  all  itinnUitid  nie  his  (|>'li|(u>i.  Hi^  ImiiiiIII'iiI  t  liarai'lei- 
tranHCi'mh  pniifM',  as  his  hfioic  dci'ds  halllc  dcsnipiion  ;  and 
IIH  th«M-H  U  hut  oiii>  Aiiit'iiia  on  the  iimp  of  the  woild,  so 
there  is  hut  one  ColiiiiiltllM  ainollif  the  N(»ns  of  iiieli.' 

'  All  iii'i'iMinl  iir  •I'veriil  iiilrirli'  lirlirrfil  uiirlliiil'ilik  In  ilii'  iliM'iiM'n  r  of  Aiiiirlrii  U  u'Ucn 
liy  Itii'  I'liiint  il<' l.iiruiii'N  III  hla  "t  lirl-lii|ilii  I  uliiiiili."  Tlir  fullnwlnu  rilulo  tn  ii  i  M»  hIiUIi 
III' en  rl I'll  In  l|l-|iiiiiliilii,  III   l-'iirl  rntii  i'|>linii: 

Al  ilii' lii'^/liiiil.ii;  of  A|irll.  I  lilt.  <  iiluiiilin.  ki.liiil  for  thi'  riiiniil  tiiiii>  ll»>  Itiiynl  riiilti,  ulii>n> 
till'  )r.ii'  III  liiri'  III'  liiiil  |iiiti<i'il  III  iiiliiilriillini,  lili'"lii'_'  (iml  iiluiiil  In  ilir  |iri«i'li<'i'  nf  lili-  >i>lilli'r«, 
ttliil  lliiiiiklMK  lllni  fur  iiiiiklii;.'  kim^Mi  il  luiiil  »i  lii  iiirilliil  Afli  r  llir  i-iiliiiil->l(iii  iif  (iiiiirliiiii'«, 
till'  I'lilrf  iif  I  lull  |>.irt  of  I  III'  I'Kiiiilrv.  Mil'  Aiiiiilrul  liinl  ri'i'hnl,  In  llif  Iitiiik  nf  llii'  iniil),  iiiiihur' 
Ity  III  (oii-liiiti  II  liirl  al  ili  I'lnriinn'  In  lliU  niii|.'iilll<  <  iil  ii'uiiin.  \\  Uliinit  I"  |»i.v  lioiiin  m  ilin 
rli,'n  iiF  >:ilviilloii  In  lli^  rhiirtiilliu  |iliii<',  lii'  iinliii  il  llii'  iiiiili'.  Aliili/ii  ili-  Viili  iii  In,  In  I11I.1'  11  irni'ii 
(if  luriily  nun.  iiinl  nitli  llil«  r-rnrl,  riiii'-l>lliiLI  iiriiii  l|iiill,v  of  •iiiliir*  iitiil  <'iii|ii'iili'r»,  In  iiil  ilnuti 
n  llfii-  ini' uliii'li  III'  liiiil  niiirkril  fnr  iiniUIiiu  11  <'rii>x.  Tin'  Iriiiik,  nil '•i|iiiir> ,  rniitnil  llii' ^linri, 
ninl  llii'  liilu"'-'  nl  ihr  linii'jiii  Mii.  Iiilil  iriin-\ir»rly  fur  Ilii'  iirin».  Il  limy  IimM'  IhtIi  rklili'i  11  of 
twi'lily  iialiii'i  III  lli'li{lil.  TIiIm  itriit  <'ii><>.  riiii-'|iiriinii'-l>  lull,  \\n»  I'li'ili'l  liy  lli"  .\i|nilriil  nil  11 
hill  al  III '  III-''  «(  III '  ii|ii!liil  ■III'',  rrini  wliii  li  iiilithl  lie  tiii  hut  mii  iiiiiiii'ii'-i'  i'\|iiii>i'  llir  iiiii»| 
Miprrli  \li'\v  of  llil-i  Hii|H'rli  jilalii 

Diirlii'.'  Ilii  |irii'<i'i'iillnii  of  llii'  wiitk'.  Iiiitlnu  iiii  prK'-l  or  ilinrrli  nl  litiiiil.  lie  iiinili'  liN  ilaiiy 
pniviT  lii'I'iii'i'  llii-  Crii'ii.    Ill'  lliirr  ii««riiililril,  iiimi'hIii.'  iiinl  cu'iilnu,  llir  uiirkiiirii  iiiiil  holillirii, 

ill'  "alll  111-'  nlUrr  ri'JIllally  llr^lil,'  llli'  Hilirrll  l-ynilinl Furl  Cnlln  pllllll  I-  Ihrll   P|ilit  III  lllit. 

Iiiiiiliilii  "lirri'  111'  i-jii'iil  III!"  I'ini,'i'-i  lliiic Mnriinir,  111' hMiiiI  111  Hiini'llfy  IIiIk  |irMU'j,'iil 

|ila<i' li,\  lmililiii:i  a  cliiiri'li  fur  111!' ilall.\  rrlrlinillmi  of  lliiii'  Mii-~ii 

Whi'ii  llii'  ri'vialiT  of  llir  irlnln'.  In  ri'uni-il  of  lili  ill-ri)M'rli"«.  Ii.nl  linn  lorn  from  lil-i  trovrrii. 
tnt'iil,  Inail' il  »lili  ilialn",  xint  In  Spain,  llir  S|iiinlaril-.  riillotvln',^  lilx  ('\aiii|ilr,  rnnlliiiiiil  In  aH- 
Hi'nilili-  lliiTi'  In  i-ay  tlnlr  prayrr'  '•lanillni;.  Oiii'  day  llir>'i'ii-».  Iii\i>ki'il  »lili  liimi  >i  I'lillli.iMiiii'.-lit 
II  nilriiclr.  Soiiii'  piT-oii."  wi'rr  niri'il  nf  II  frviT  liy  liiiirlilni;  II.  (Ill'  r  i'nlTi'rir'<  \vi  ii'  nitiarli'il  In 
II,  anil  iiiiiinnnnJi'il  tlii'ni"i'ln'»  lariii'^ily  In  (iml.  Many  nf  llniii  wiri'  run  il.  Tlif  Cnwitwuii 
callril  llii'  Ti'ii'  I  iiixt,  fcir  II  «»■<  ilhlliiL'iil-lii'il  li;'  unrklni.'  nilrai  li'". 

Till'  nanii'  ami  llii'  «o;iili'r-i  of  llir  '/'/  kc  fniii  win'  imNril  nlimail.  Tlii'  Inillmin.  iippn'-^nl  hy 
llu'  Spailianl-  afliT  llnliailllla''"  ai-nill|illnii  nf  oltlii',  lm\liiL'  nli-irvnl  llii'  |•l■^pl'l  I  p'llil  lij  llirlr 
ina«liT-  In  ihr  "i.cn'il  nynilinl,  ili'liTiiiliii'il  In  ili'-lrny  It.  Tliry  (■;iini'  In  fniil'  In  Ihr  ii-^anjl,  niiil 
fii'linli':!  ^lrnnl;  rord*  of  twWti'il  lllin'  lo  llii'  -linft  if  llii'rn)-"<.  Irlril  In  pull  il  ilnwii;  Iml  In  »pllo 
nf  ili.'ir  niiinlirrn  nil  lliilr  cfrori'*  wi'n'  niiavailliii.'.  Tlii^  Cni-^  iti'lliil  llnlr  nlnnijili  iiinl  sIikhI 
ininin\alili'.  Pi-Toiili'iilnl  liy  Ilirlr  ill  HniTis",  lliry  Irliil  In  n'llini'  il  In  a^ll^■'.  tiiitliriini.'  lar.'u 
hrap>  of  ilry  lini^hHooil,  Ihry  Minoiindi'il  Hum  al  nii-lil  » itii  fair'.'nN  of  Inllainniiililr  inalirlal  to 

H(jri'al  Ih'Il'IiI  and  set  llii'ni  on  lln'.    Tin'  llanii"'  limkr  out  with  xinlinci'.    Tl mr"*  noDiidlwip. 

pi'Uii'd  In  tin'  iinil  i^niokr.  Tin'  IdnliliT^  with  llnlr  prir^N,  tin'  lUihuli-i.  n'lln'd  mi'II  pli'a-i'd.  lint 
n('\l  ninrnlin:  lliry  miiw  the  rrn»s  vtanillni.'  In  piTfi'd  pri'irrvatioti  ainid  tin-  sinnklm,'  In  ii|w.  Not 
I'vcii  lln'  color  nf  tlu'  wood  whk  clianui'd,  rxfi'pt  that  at  Hit;  foot  It  «hh  xll^jlilly  lilucUiiuil,  i\*  If  a 
ll^'lili'd  raiidli'  hail  Ih'cm  applii'd  In  II, 

Dt'tcrrudand  (limimycd  by  thia  miraculoue  maiilfcatatlon,  thoy  flud  tri'nibliiiij,  and  nfruld  that 


IIA 


(•//«/ N  roi'itt:n  vol.  i  Mil ('«. 


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T ..' ii^<- «'"  «''•'•"' " "• '  'r:;       ;..  ,u  I  ...r ..... «...-.,  «i.u  i.,  «i....m. 

»Hyr,Hlll,J..f   l,i»..f.U...»l'l.l  M'l'll^^"'"""  ""•_'■     ',„.,,,   .„  „„n„.|   ,„   «,.M.....t.l..     II 

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THE  WAUUIOIl  l'HOTf;(if;  OF  Till-:  lU-Ks^fc^KI)  VIIKJIN.' 


CMIATTKR  I. 

TIIK    vol  N(i    CAVAI.IF.It. 

Yoi//h  of  njrfJti—S'jHfi/i   hi  llir  Jifh'iiillt  cciil in'>i —  A  nclc- 
has  /('(it  -l)('scrii>li(nt  of  (III r  hero-  'A  /(Unohs  ixdiiliiKj 

AthriitiiiC  ill  (fiKuUiloiipc  -I'lvploiiiiif  Ifisixiiiiohi  — 

Sicf/c  of  F(>if  i^f.  TlioiiKiK    -TdlciiKj  Ciioiiolio  /in'.'ioitcr — 
Ikdfk'  of  llic  lioi/al  Plain  -(>i((l((  n/'iiKs  to  S/xdii. 

Wo  no  sooner  mention  the  name  of  Alonzo  tie  Ojeda  than 
imai^'inathm  outlines  tli(>  figure  of  a  famous  cavalier  whose 
brave  heart  and  chivalrous  nature  wen."  strangers  aiike  to 
fear  and  malice.  He  belonged  l(»a  respectable  family,  and 
was  born  at  Cnenca,  in  Spain,  about  the  year  UCm.  Alon/o 
was  biought  up  as  a  page  in  the  service  of  the  Duke  of 

Medina. 

Catholic  and  Moor,  in  those  days,  met  in  tierce  contlict. 
Spain  was  like  one  vast  school  of  war.  It  Avas  a  last  life 
and  deatli  struggle  between  the  Cross  and  the  Crescent,  in 
the  land  of  Isabella.  The  youth  were  trained  t(j  arms  and 
liardv  exercise;  and  evin-y  i)rincely  household  Avas  a  mil- 
itary" establishment.  In  such  a  school  was  Cijeda  formed, 
liis  "daring  character  and  iron  constitntion  increasing  with  his 

years. 

*  The  very  first  notice  we  have  of  liim  is  a  reckless  feat  per- 


'  Ctui'f  iiiKlinritU'i'  iisod;  Irvinj,  "Tlic  t.ivcs  nnd  Xnynsrs  of  the  romimnioiis  nf  foliimlm-:" 
Irvine  '  Till-  l.ifc  nnd  Voviitios  of  ClirUtoplKr  Columbu-s  "  KobiTtbon,  •'  Ui»lory  of  America; "' 
and  SL'viTiu  oilii-T  works  of  l«»s  iniportttnco. 


1 


«v 


T^ 


rx) 


AI.0y7M  I)K  OJf:i).\ 


fniTiicd  In  the  pwscncf  of  Is:il..'!lii  tlw  Catholic,  on  tho 
M..(.iish  tower  of  til.'  Cath.-dnil  of  S.-vill.'.  Tlioii.^U  a  tn- 
lliii'^r  inci.U'ut,  it  j^ivrs  us  ii  «liini»>^t^  sit  tlm  iH'culiar  ciuinioter 
<.r  \\w  iiiiin.  At  an  immense?  liei;rlit  from  the  ground  a  ;,Teat 
beam  pn.j.M-te.l  about  twenty  i'eet  fn.m  the  tower.  Tho 
bold  Ojeiia,  wisluu,-;  to  amuse  the  Queen,  walked  ahuig  this 
beam  with  as  much  eonlideiiee  as  if  luMvere  moving  across 
liis  chamber.  Arrivin.i;  at  th«  end,  he  stood  ui)on  <»ni'  h% 
iinl  raised  the  otiier  in  tlie  air;  then,  nimbly  turnin-:,  he 
walked  back  to  the  tow.-r,  placed  one  foot  against  it,  and 
threw  ail  oranu^e  to  the  summit.  Tins,  remarks  lyis  Casas, 
was  a  pro.d'  of  wond.-rful  nnis.-ular  strenj-th.  Throughout 
all  this  exploit,  the  least  giddim'ss  (U-  false  step  wouhl  have 
eost  him  his  life.  A  fall  to  the  earth  would  have  dashed 
llim  to  pieces.  . 

Ojeda  had  a  cousin-germau  of  his  own  name,  a  distii  ■ 
guishedDonunican,  FatherAlonzodeOjeda,  who  was  in  high 
favor  at  th.' Spanish  (.'ourt.  and  a  particidar  friemlof  Jhsliop 
Foiiseca.  Tiirough  the  good  ollices  of  th<'  priest,  the  young 
<'avalier  was  introdiiceii  to  tin-  powerful  liishop.  At  <mco 
he  became  such  a  favorite  thai  the  prelates  made  him  a  pre.s- 
♦^nt  of  a  little  Fh-mish  painting  of  the  most  holy  Virgin. 
This  jticture  ris«  O  f:im(^  in  the  story  of  his  adventurous 
rareer;  for  he  was  pious,  ami  (h'arly  loved  th(!  Immaculato 
Motlier,  and  to  her  "e.spjcialcare,"  says  Irving,  "he  attrib- 
uted the  remarkable  circumstance  that  he  had  never  Ijeen 
wounded  in  any  of  the  innumerable  brawls  and  battles  into 
which  \w  was  cuntinually  betiayed  by  liis  rash  and  lieiy 
temperament." 

Among  the  noted  ones  who  joined  the  senrnd  voyage  of 
Columbus,  we  lind  the  name  of  Alonzo  de  Ojeda.  lie  is 
then  describe.l  as  a  young  cavalier  of  about  twenty-eight 
yeai.s  of  age,'  small  in  stature,  but  well  made,  and  of  such  in- 
n-edible strength  and  agility,  that  he  seem.'d  a  human  con- 
densation of  muscular  power.  A  daring  eye;  lit  np  his  dark, 
liandsome  and  expressive  countenance.     lie  was  an  admira- 


i  Irvin..-  '^nvH  "abnnl  twonty-nnr  yar^.  of  n..'.-."  l-m  lio  .V"-  not  She  the  Uato  of  Ojeda'*  birth. 
After  fomo  resoartli,  we  think  the  ubovo  in  iicurer  the  iriiiU. 


)lic.  on  tho 
i(>nt;li  a  tri- 
ur  clKiiiicter 
iiind  a  ;,T«!at 
uwtT.  Tho 
I  along  this 
tviny;  across 
ton  one?  leg, 
(mnin<r,  he 
linst  it,  and 
■4  L'ls  Casas, 
Throughout 
\voiihl  liavo 
have  dashed 

ii(>,  a  distil  • 

0  was  inliigll 
ndof  JVisliop 
it,  tilt'  young 
)p.  At  onco 
I'  him  a  i)i'rs- 

holy  Virgin. 

:idvcntui(»UH 
( Iiniuacidato 
C,  "h(j  atti'ib- 

1  never  l)een 
d  ))atlles  into 
sh  and  lieiy 

nd  voyage  of 
)je(h>.     lie  is 

twenty-eight 
nd  of  such  iu- 
i  human  con- 

\i\)  his  dark, 
IS  an  admira- 

dato  of  OJeUa's  birth. 


ALOSXO  DE  OJf:h.\. 


181 


l)]e  horsein;in,  and  possesseil  iinmatehe(l  skill  in  li;i:idliiig 
nil  kind  ■!  of  we:i]ions.  I^ild  of  heiirt,  free  of  spirit,  open  of 
liand.  liiTce  in  light,  (puck  in  (puirrel,  hut  ever  ri'ady  to 
forget  iiiid  forgivi^  an  injury,  he  was  destined,  for  a  long 
time,  to  he  the  adnnrali<tn  of  tln^  wild  and  roving  youth  wlio 
Hocked  to  tile  New  World. 

His  lirst  exploit  in  .Vnierica  wts  performed  in  (Jiiadaloupe, 
one  (tf  the  Leeward  Islands.  It  luis  been  already  n'feired  to 
in  the  life  of  (Joliimltus.  While  stopping  at  ({iiadaloupe  on 
his  second  voyage,  the  Admiral  was  sorely  annoyed  oik; 
evening  at  linding  that  a  cai)tain  and  eight  men  had  strayed 
into  the  dense  woods,  and,  as  they  did  not  return,  had  ]ir<tl>- 
ahly  got  lost.  Next  day  ().i  ''i  volunt(>»'icd  to  hunt  them 
up.  With  a  party  of  forty  men  he  set  oif  into  the  interior 
of  this  abode  of  cannibals,  beiting  up  tho  forests,  and 
making  the  lUDuntains  and  vdbys  resound  with  trumpets 
and  lire-arm; .  In  spitt;  of  a  long  and  t(tiIsonie  search,  how- 
ever, li(^  was  obliged  to  r<>iurii  without  the  stragglers. 

When  (.'olumbiis  arrived  in  Ilispaniola,  one  of  'iiis  first 
designs  was  to  have  the  interior  of  the  island  explored.  Ho 
had  heard  from  the  natives  of  a  rich  region  calle(l  ('ifxK/, 
whose  fMinoiis  caciipie  was  ('aoimho,  or  the  "Ijord  of  tlu^ 
(iolden  House."  Ojeda  was  chosen  to  lead  this  enterpri.se. 
Karly  in  .January,  14!)4,  he  set  out  with  a  small  band  of  d(>- 
termined  followers,  lie  struck  into  the  interior  on  his  toil- 
some inarch.  Not  an  Indian  was  seen.  Terror  liad  given 
tleetness  to  their  legs. 

On  the  evening  of  the  second  day  the  Spaniards  ranie  to  a 
lofty  mountain  range.  Ascending,  they  passed  the  niglit  on 
the  summit.  WIkmi  morning  came  tln^  sun  revealed  a  sight 
glorious  and  picturesque.  \ast  i>lains,  noble  forest.s,  vil- 
lages and  shining  waters  met  the  astonished  gaze  of  Ojeda 
and  his  men. 

The  Spaniards  passed  down  the  monntain-side,  and  en- 
tered the  Indian  towns.  llosi)itality  was  showered  on  tlu; 
newcomers.  Five  or  six  days  move,  were  spent  in  reaching 
the  chain  of  hills  that  guarded,  so  to  speak,  tin?  golden  lan(f 

» Irving. 


IH'i 


ALOSZO  Dh  Chlf.DA. 


of  ('ih:,M.    Tl.ov  PTitovMl  tl.r  fiUM.Ml  trrrltory   nor  .  ul  nny- 
iCnnl...   was  very  i.robal.ly  iu  SUM..,  .lista.t    par.    of  li.s 

()ir,l:i  Mixl    Ills  a.lv.'ntiirnus  .•..nipiniions  saw  amp!.'  si^ns 
or  n'.tnral  wraith.    Tla-  sa.als  ..I"  tl..'  n.ountain  stn-ains  ul.l 
t.nMl  with  partiH.'s  of  guhl,  th..^.  th.  natives  would  sk.l  • 
rallv  separat..,  and  ^Ivo  t..  the  Span.anls,  w.thou    rxp.M  t  ni,' 
„„;  r.Jnn.p.'ns,.      In  son,,  pla.vs   th-y  p..-k..l    ap    h.r,. 
si;..im.ns  of  vh-,dn  .m.  IVua,  tlu.  h.a  of  tia.    onvnts    :m^^ 

Jones  streaked  nn.l  riehly  in,pre,unate,l  w,th  .t.  I  eter 
Mnrtvr  alllrn.s  that  h.  saw  a  n.ass  ..f  nule  u-.,l.l  wei^hin,^^ 
„•,.,,.  oun.M.s.  which  Ojeda  himself  had  foun.l  m  one  ol  the 
brooks  Theo'.j.M-t  of  the  expediti.m  was  now  attained,  and 
all  vetiinied  to  ('..liindais  with  glowing'  lu-coiints  of  what 
thev  had  seen. 

Some  time  after  this,  Ojeda  was  appointed  commander  of 

Fort  St.  Thomas,  where  !..■  was  to  sii '.I  Teter  Mar-ante. 

II,.  set  out  for  that  station  at  the  h.'ud  of  ab.mt  four  hun- 

dred   men,    s.xteen  of    wh<.m   w,>re   horsemen.     W  hen   l.y 

ivaehed  the  Hoval  Plain,  h.-  learmnl  that  three  Spaniards 

liad  heen  rol.l.ed  of  their  olTeets  by  some  Indians  who  had 

und.'rtaken  to  carry  tliem  i.eross  a  river,    At  the  same  time, 

h.'  hear.1  tlKit  the  .leliiapumts  had  been  sheltered  by  their 

<.aei,iue,   who  shared   the   booty.     Ojc'da  was  a  soldier  of 

quiek  temper,  and  had  a  rath.M-  summary  mode  o    disp.'us- 

hr-  iustiee.      He  seized  one  of  tla^  thieves,  ordered  his  ears 

t.rbe  eut  otT  in  the  publi.-  s.piare  of  the  village ,  and  ho 

sent  the  olY.-nding  c-aeiqiie,  together  with  his  son  and  nepliew, 

in  chains  to  the  Admiral. 

Tt  was  not  long  before  tlie  Spaniards  w.-re  made  aware 

■  thai  their  most  formidable  enemy  was  C  aonabo,  the  herce 

/  cacinue  of  tlu'  gohlen  mountains.     Enraged  at  seeing  l<ort 

St    Thomas   erected  in  the  very  centre  <.f  lus  dominions, 

and  finding  by  his  spies  that  the  garrison  was  reduced  to 

liftv  men,  he  thought  to  strike  a  signal  blow,  and  to  repeat 


'rvlng. 


M.OyXO  DK  0.1  kl) A, 


18:} 


lor  (lid  nny- 

l»«     fcrnciuiis 
|)iiil    of   his 

iiinpl*'  si^iis 
streams  uli' 
would  skill 
lit  rxiMM'tilliL,' 
'd    up    larp' 
tori'onts,  ai\d 
!i    it.     r»"l»"r 
i»ld  wfijiliinn' 
n  oiu'  of  tlie 
attaiiird,  and 
ints  of  what 

Dimrinndt'r  of 
I'l*  Mai',i!;aiir«'. 
»nt  four  hun- 
1.  When  he 
r(>e  Spaniards 
ians  who  had 
he  same  tinu', 
tered  by  their 
i  11  soldier  of 
Ic  of  dispens- 
li'i'cd  his  ears 
lla<j;e ,  and  he 
II  and  nephew, 

e  made  aware 
il)o,  the  llerce 
at  seeinp;  Fort 
lis  dominions, 
,-as  reduced  t(ii 
un<l  to  repeat 


file    horrors   wliich    he   hud    furinerly   wreak<'d    upon   La 
Navidad." 

The  wily  cacitpie,  howevi-r  had  an  al»lerin>my  to  deal  uiih 
in  .\lon/.o(h'(  )jt''da.  'I'lieciivalier  s  lunuschonliim  in  the  Mnnr- 
ish  .vius,  and  hisdecp  Unoulcd;,'!'  ui"  miiitai-y  slratajivnis,  now 
served  liiiii  well.  Uesidcs,  ])ietv  liei^hlcned  his  roura^'e.  In 
truth,  he  feared  no  dan,i,'er.  for  he  citisidcred  himself  always 
under  the  special  prolcctioii  of  the  most  holy  N'ir^in.  lie 
eonsiantly  caiiied  her  pirture  in  his  Unapsack.  and  would 
often  take  it  (»ut  and  tix  it  a;,'iinst  a  tree,  and  there  on  his 
knees,  with  tears  in  his  eyes  and  love  in  his  heart,  the  fear- 
less soMier  wiuild  pour  forth  his  devotions  to  his  Ileavenlv 
I'atroness.  lie  invoked  her  aid  in  battle,  and  under  her  pro- 
teeti»»n    he  wa-.  reaily  for  any  enterprise. 

Caonabo  assemhled  10,(0  )  warriors  ami  led  them  secretly 
throu,i;h  the  forest,  thinking;  to  surprise  Ojeda;  but  he  found 
the  Spanish  command'  r  carefully  drawn  up  within  his  for- 
tress, which  was  built  upon  a  hill,  and  nearly  surr.mnded  by 
a  liver  '  The  warlike  cacicpie  pres.sed  on  the  sie;a,'e  for 
thirty  days,  and  reduced  the  Spanianls  t(»  ^reat  distress, 
lie  lost  many  of  his  bravest  .varriors,  ho\vev«'i',  by  the  bold 
sallies  of  Ojeda  ;  and,  in  the  end.  he  was  ;j,lad  to  reliiupiish 
the  sirije.  Caonab(»  retii-ed,  tilled  with  admiration  at  the 
])rowe,s.s  of  him  who  carried  a  ]>aintinf^  of  the  Jilessed  \'ligin 
in  his  knai)sack.' 

It  soon  becanu^  clear  to  Columbus  that  it  would  b(Main 
to  thiidv  of  extending'  settlements  in  llispaniola  so  htny-  as 
the  tierce  Caonabo  retained  his  power  and  his  hostile  attitud(». 
To  make  war  on  the  sava«;(?  ruler  of  (Mbao,  however,  in 
the  midst  of  his  mountain  fastnesses  w(^ul(l  certaiidy  be  a 
work   of    time    and    i)eril.     The  Admiral   was    i)eiplexed. 


'  It  will  lie  ri'tni'mtHTi'il  tlint  It  \\n*  Cnoimbo  who  di'slnijcil  I,ii  Naviilnil— tliu  lillli'  fortrosH  In 
which  I'olmulm.'t  hiul  left  lhlrtj-ili;ht  iiicii  nil  hh  llr.-t  vojiij,'!'. 

1  Truces  nf  llu'  dIiI  torlri'ss  of  St.  'rhonri-"  "Ifli  rxlst.  .  .  .  Thi'  sqiiurc  occiipliil  liy  the  fort  U 
now  (Miiiiplctrl.v  rovcnd  with  forcnt  iri'i'.i,-  liiliirj. 

"  During  llir  hIi'hc  Ojcdii  <lls|i|iiy((l  liic  criiitcKt  iictlvily  (if  jipirlt  niid  fertility  of  resniiroc.  Ho 
bullied  nil  tlu'iirtHcif  the  Ciirili  cliiefiiiiii.  i  ciiicirliiii.'  ►lniliiL;eiii»  i)f  vuridus  kiii(N  to  lelleve  llu- 
piirri-Dii  1111(1  iinnoy  the  fne.  lie  «;illled  fiirlli  whenever  the  enemy  ii|i|)eared  In  iiiiy  fcirce,  le.idlni; 
the  Mill  with  that  lieadloiiK  viilnr  f<ir  whieli  he  w.y*  noted,  niiikliiu' Kreiit  xliiiiijliler  with  liU 
biiijs'le  arm,  and,  us  usual,  er'capiii;;  unhurt  from  uniidet  sUowcrti  of  darto  unJ  ano\\*.—lnliig. 


,j^4  ALoyzo  m:  ojp.ikk. 

(,i,-.,|:,  hcnnlOf  f1i.MlinicMlty.nml.  fullowin^  Hi<' Im-mI  yf  his 
di.rii..^  M;.t..iv.  lu-Mt  un.v  ulV.Mvd  Lis  srivi.vs.  Sii.K.ilMr  us 
it  M.rv  api-Mr.  I..'  piun.is,..!  «.  ImIuk  Mi-  Curll*  .•hu'ltain 
aiiv.s'i.n.l   l.lan.   iiim   in    ih-   I'umU  ..f   H."    Dis-'-vi.T  uf 

Anit'rica.  ,,  ,        , 

(Muiosin-  l.'M  lM.1.1  i.n.l  Imnly  fnllowns,  wHI  i.r 1  a.Hl 

well  mount. ..I.  utia  inNokin-  tl..'  proicrtiuu  .,f  his  Pat.om.ss. 
th.'  Iluiv  Vii'^iii,  wlios..  imn^'.'  ns  usiml  h.'  1m.iv  with  liim  »« 
a  sar.-minl,  Ojr.b  plm.;;.'.!  inm  tho  fu.vst.  nn.l  n,;..  <•  his 
wav  alH.v  sixtv  h-aiiurs  int..  th-  wihl  t.-ml..n."s  ..I  (a... 
„..bo,  ulw.m  h..  i'numl  in  ..n.M.f  Ills  most  lu.pnh.us  towns,  tli- 
m:„m.'  m.w  ciilh'.l  Ma-.mna.  m-ar  ih-  town  ..1'  Snn  .Innii.  Ap- 
l,foarhin-  thtM-achpn' with  K^'i't  «1<"I"h"»<v  as  n  suv...v.u:n 
prince,  h.'  prof.'sscl  t..  <-nm.-  on  :.  Inmdly  embassy  lioi,.ih.« 
A.lmiial.  who  was  cliicf  of  tlic  Spanianls,  and  who  had  scut 

him  an  invaliial.lc  pivscnt.  ....  i  i  • 

Caonalx.hnd  t.i.-d  Oj-da  in  l.atth';  1h'  had  Avitm«ss.;d  h.s 
ricrv  prowess,  ami  <-on<-civcd  a  waiiioi's  adndiation  ui  him 

u/r ived   him  with   a  dc.-ivc  ..r  <-liivalr..iis  courtesy,  if 

HU.-h  a  phrase  may  apply  to  the  savage  stato  and  rude  hos- 
l.italitv  ..!•  a  wiM  warrior  of  the  forest.  '1  he  live.  hMrh-ss 
deportment,  the -ivat  personal  stren-th.  and  the  surpns,..- 
a-dlitv  and  a.ln.itness  (.f  Oje.la  in  all  manly  ."xercises, 
niul  ill  thi"  use  of  all  kinds  ..f  weap<.ns,  were  cah-ulated  (a 
(h.li-ht  a  savage,  ami  he  soon  became  a  great   tavonte  with 

Caouaho.  .,  ., 

Oieda  now  used  all  his  iullueuce  to  prevail  ni-oii  the 
cacique  t<.  ivpair  to  Isabella'  for  the  puri.ose  of  tnakin-  a 
treatv  with  ('..lumbus,  and  becmiii- an  ally  ami  Ineiul  ol 
the  Spaniards.  It  is  said  that  he  olTeivd  him  as  a  lure  the 
bell  of  the  chapel  ..f  Isabella.  This  bell  was  the  wonder  .d 
the  island.  Wh.-ii  th.>  Indians  heard  it  rin.uin-  f(.r  Mass, 
ami  beheld  th.'  Spaniards  hastening  towards  the  chap.'l.  they 
ima-ined  that  it  talked,  and  that  th.-  white  men  o>"'y"'l  |b 
Ke.rnrdin- with  siiperstiti.m  all  thimrs  cnm-cted  with  tim 
Spaniards,  they  h.oked  upon  this  ludl  as  .somethm-  super- 


The  new  tow  ii  fmiiidcU  l)y  Columbus. 


Ik'IiI  of  his 
Siiiuiiliir  as 
il>  cliirl'tiiii) 
isctiVt'lt'l'   nf 

H  I'afrttMt'ss, 
witli  him  as 
III  IliMdr  iiis 
lies  (iT  Cao- 
is  towns.  tli(! 

I  .hum.     Ap- 
n.  sovfifinii 

ssy  I'loiii  iln> 
vlio  liad  sent 

Itiifsscd  Ills 
tioii  oi'  liiiii. 
cuiiitt'sy,  if 
id  ni(h'  hos- 
frcc.  f»',\rh'ss 
it>  siiiiiii>-in,i; 
Iv   cxt'iciscs, 

• 

I'idciilalcd  to 
favoiitc  with 

II  upon  the 
of  luakiiin'  :i 
uid  friend  of 

as  a  lull-  tlu^ 
ht>  wondrr  of 
n<r  for  Mass, 
rt('ha]M'I,  tlit-y 
>n  obeyed  it. 
■ted  with  th(! 
.>thin.u;  snper- 


ALOSXU  im  UJhO.l 


1H.1 


natmal,  and,  in  their  usnat  phiase,  saM  ft  laid  nutie  fiom 
7V/'/A  or  Ihe  ^liies.  Caonalio  had  hejiid  the  hell  nt  a  tUs- 
tan<'e,  in  iiis  piowliny;**  alMMit  the  .srtil.'incnl,  and  had  lon.ued 
to  Nee  it;  but  when  It  was  plolt'tTed  to  llhil  US  tl  present  of 
peiM-e.  he  found  it  inipossilile  to  resist   the  temptation! 

lleajU^reed,  therefore,  to  set  out  for  ls:die||;i;  hut  when  the 
time  eauM'  to  (h>part,  Ojedu  beheld  wiih  sur|)iis*>  ii  powerful 
forc"  of  warriors  assembled  iind  ready  to  mairh.  lie  nsUed 
the  meanint;  of  takin,:;  such  an  army  on  a  friendly  visit;  the 
eaeitpu'  proudly  replii'il  that  it  diil  not  lulit  a  >;reat  priiu'o 
like  himself  to  ;;o  forth  sraniily  attended. 

()j»''da  was  little  satlslied  with  this  leply;  he  kiu'w  the  war- 
like character  of  Caotadx*,  and  his  d«ep  .sjdillety:  he  hand 
some  sinistel'  desi;;n;  a  surprise  of  the  fortress  of  Isabella, 
or  even  an  attempt  upon  the  p<>rson  of  tht>  .Vdndral.  He 
km*\v  also  that  it  was  the  wish  of  Colunduis  either  to  makt* 
peace  with  the  cacicpie  or  t(»  ^et  possession  of  ids  person 
without  the  alternatives  of  open  waifare. 

He  had  i'e<'ourse  to  a  stratagem,  therefore,  which  lias  .'in 
air  of  fable  iind  romance,  but  wldch  is  lecorded  by  ail  con- 
temporary Idstorians  with  trivial  variations,  and  which  Las 
Casas  assures  us  was  in  current  circulation  in  the  island 
when  he  arrived  there,  alioiit  six  years  after  the  e\ent.  It 
accor<ls,  too,  with  the  bohl,  adventurous  characlerof  llie  man, 
and  with  the  wild  str.da^emH  and  marvehms  exjiloils  inci- 
<lent  to  luiliaii  warfaie. 

In  the  course  of  their  march,  liavini;  halte<l  ne.-ir  the  Liii'e 
Ya<;in.  a  ciuisiderable  bran -h  »d'  the  Neyba.  Ojeda  one  day 
])r()dn<'e(i  :i  set  of  manacles  of  jxilished  steel,  so  brightly 
buriushed  that  tliey  looked  like  silver.  These,  he  assured 
Caonabo,  were  royal  ornamentswhich  had  come  from  Heaven, 
or  the  Til II' If  nl  Hiscay;'  that  they  weic  worn  by  the  nion- 
urchs  of  Castile  on  solemn  dances  and  other  \\\\:,\\  festivities, 
and  were  intended  as  ]>res(>nts  to  the  raci<pie.  He  j)rop(»s(.'d 
that  ('aonalio  should  tro  t!i  the  river  and  bathe,  after  which 
lio  slioidd  be  decorated  with  these  ornaments,  nnuinted  on 


Ik 


■^ 


>  Somo  uf  tliu  clik'f  iruii  muiiufactorii'!>  lii  Spain  arc  ut  niHay. 


isn 


MAJ.\X(t  UH  Uj£VA. 


*.» 


1 1,,.  hoiHoof  OjMii.  mwUliMiiM  ivtnin  In  ttio  Htnh' «.f  iiSiMin- 
Hli  lUMiiaich  to  liin  iiMtollisli.-.l  siil.j.'fls. 

Ti„.  ,,..i.iu.-  NMis  .b//l.'.l  «iiti  til"  ;;!iit.T  <>r  ih..  mmmH..s 
,111.1  Ibii.-iv.l  with  til.'  Id.'ti  of  l...Mlii.linK  nil.,  uf  th..N,.  tiv. 
,„..ii.l..iis  in.iiimh  s..  .I1V11.I...I  l.y  IiIh  n.uiitiyin.ii.  II.' 
ivpiiiivtl  t..  th.'  riv.T,  mipI  liavin-  I.Mlii.'.l.  was  ussIhI.uI  D 
iHumil  iM.hin.l  Oj.'-lii.  ii'i'l  111.'  f.ln.-Ul.s  u.'iva.ljiiM.MJ 

«»j.'.:lii  m:i.l..H..v.'riilriiriiils  t.>K"l»  ^l""'''-  l'<'ll"^^«''l ''.V  '»"< 
litll',.  iKiii.l  ..r  h.-ist'iii.'!!.  111.-  In.liiiiiH  siiiiiiUiiiK  l'"«U  liom 
11,..  pnilK-ill'^  SI.....IH.  At  l.-M.^il.  I..-  i»:i.l."  M  Nvi.l.'  NNX.-rl.  into 
fl„.  I'MivHt,  until  tlP-li'.'H.'..n.'i.:il.'l  liii.i  Cnmi  ll..'  m^IiI  <»r 
th..  iinny.  Mis  f..ll..w.'rs  tli.-n  .-l.t^.-'l  :ir.«nn.l  Inm,  iiikI 
iliiiwint,'  tli.'ir  sw.n.ls.  tlnvnlmfl  CiMMiiilM.  with  Insiiint 
a..nth  1?  h.'  nmd.'  tli<'  l«'!i^t  n..is.'  or  ivVi^laii.-...  nindini;  liini 
witli  omlHto  ()j.''ila,  t..  pr.-v.-nt  liis  I'lillin;^'  ..r  .ir.Tliii^'  aii 
i»sniiH',  th.'y  put  sj.iirs  t..  lli.'ir  li«'rs»'s,  (la>li...l  urn.,ss  Uio 
rlv.T.  nn.l  nV.id.'  olV  ilin.u-li  tli.-  wo.ids  willi  tlirir  priz'-. 

Th.'y  had  n..\v  lil'lv  <»r  ^ixty  l.-a-n.-s  ..f  \sil.l..rn...ss  to 
trav.-i's..  ..n  th.'iruav  liMiMcwanU.  with  h.-ivainl  lh«'iv  larp» 
In.lian  t..uns.  'rh..v  Irul  Ih.iii..  ..IV  ih.'ir  captiv.'  far  h.-y.-iKl 
till'  pnisnit  of  his  sni.j.'.'ts;  l.nt  Ih.-  ntnu.yt  vinilanc'  "as 
rripiisit.'  t..  i.ivvcnt  his  ..snip.^  dmin-  this  l..ii--  aii.l  I.Hls..inn 
i..nni..y.  an.l  t..  av..i.l  .-x.-ilinLr  th.'  h..>tiliti..s  ..r  any  .•..iiiV.I- 
,.i:it.'  ca.'i.iu.'.  Th..y  iiad  L.  shun  th.-  p.»pid.Mis  pails  cl'  tim 
onniry,  ili..|vl'oiv,  or  to  pass  thn.n-h  tii.-  Indian  i..\\ns  at 

full  ^'allop. 

Th.'y  siilV.'n'd  ,-rivatly  fn-ni  faliirn.',  liimuvr  an.l  walchlnl- 
11..SS,  .'-M.'..iint.'iiii,i;  ina'ny  p.-rils,  lonliii--  an.l  suinunin--  th>> 
nuin.'n  US  liv.'is  ..f  th.'  plains.  t..ilin,tr  through  Ih..  d.'.'p, 
tantil.'d  I'oivsts,  an.l  (•laiiilM.rin-i  ov.-r  th.'  lii-iU  and  r.M'ky 
mountains.  Tli.-y  a..c..inplisli...l  all  in  saf.'ly,  and  ().i.'<l!i 
<.nt..|vd  Isabella  in  tiiiinr,  h  fr..in  this  iiiosi  daiiiiii'  and  char- 
iicttristi."  (.m.-rpiis...  with  his  wild  Indian  ImmiikI  hfliind'.'^ 

(^)lmnl)ns.  it  ajip.'ais,  was  lu.ih  astonishcl  and  K'lditn'l 
wii.'U  h.'  iH'h.'ld  th.'  li.-nv  Canl)  rnl.T.  II.'  tivat.'.l  Ca.mal.o 
with  much  kindness  an.l  icsp.'.-t,  hut,  Un-  th.'  p.'ac'  ot  tli<' 
island,  ho  thought  it  Ih-II.t  t..  s.-nd  th.'  chi.-l'  l..  Spam  U>v 

■  Irviiitf. 


Ai.oyxo  i)h'  ttjf:h.\ 


IH7 


.'  of  uS|tan« 

\  IIMll.  II"' 

istnl. 

o\vt'<l  liy  hiH 
!;  luicU  I'lotii 
swiTp  iiih) 
I  lie  siulil  ••!' 
i|    liidi,    iiiul 

lliiidiim  him 
tlViM'iiii;i'  sill 

1    ilt'l'llSs)    tllt3 

ir  iiiizt'. 

iMdin'ss   to 

I  tlh'iv  larp» 

»'  far  Im'VoiuI 

iuilanci'  was 

ami  tnilsiiHK^ 

any  conrt'd- 

I  [tails  (tf  tliH 

iaii  towns  at 

ad  walcliI'Ml 
wiauaiaji'  lli' 

U  and  rocky 
:,  and  Ojrtla 
iiiii'  and  fhar- 
(1  i)."liind:' 
and  K'"'tilit*d 
at<'d  Caona'io 
pcact'  tit'  the 
to  Simin  f<ir 


a  time,  lliat  lit>  nd^lit  lir  inNimrh-d  in  ili<>  Catliolic  r<-lludon, 

( 'annal)))  always  naiintaini-d  a  laoiLchts  d"|Mii'tnirnt  lowanh 
(III-  illnsitionH  IMsn>vt*r«'i' of  Ann'rlni.  wjill)*  lie  n(>\<>i*  t>\lnitMl 
lh«»  h-ast  anlnio-^ijy  aKainst  Oji'da.  lit*  lalJHT  admiivd  iIm' 
latter  as  a  ronNaniniatc  waniur,  Un-  liiuiiac  |i<inni'i'd  n|inn 
him  and  iMitm*  him  oil'  in  this  iiawU  lilu>  manmr,  I'luni  ih*' 
vi>ry  midst  of  his  liuhtini;  rnm.  WIk'Ii  Cnlnmlins  mti'ml 
lla- apai'tna'nt  wh*>rt>  Caonaho  was  ntnlinrd,  all  pM'M'nt  ro.><)>. 
accitidiM'j,'  to  rnstoni,  and  paid  him  ifvi'ii'nri';  fhf  cafiipif 
a  lorn '  ni-iila'i'  niuvt-d  or  tonU  any  not  ice  of  nini.  On  I  In*  r<in 
tiaiy,  wIhmi  Oji'-da  )'ntp|'(><l,  thoiiudi  small  In  pftsun  aial  uilh 
oat  rxti'insd  slate,  Caonaliu  rose  nnd  salnlfd  him  with 
jtrorimad  ifspi-cf. 

( )n  iii'ia'^  asjst'd  tin*  reasun  of  this.  ( 'nhindiMs  IritiL'  thi'^irat 
(•hii'f  uvt'rall,  and  ()i('Mla  lait  <itn' of  his  sulijirls.  |||*>  pinnd 
Caiili  rt'plit'd  that  "tliM  Aflmiral  had  lu'vcrdaicd  torumc  per 
finally  lo  his  lionsf  and  .N)'i/i>  him;  it  was  only  thioimh  ihi> 
valor  of  (»jt''da  la-  was  his  piisuncr;  to  Ojrda,  tlii-rrfort'.  In- 
«i\\t'i|  ri'ViTfacc     not  In  tln'  Ailmiral."  ' 

\\v  ni'xl  <'ati'ii  a  u'limpsf  of  oar  laao  in  thf  liattli'  of  tlii* 
Royal  IMain.  ali't'a<ly  rcfrrn-d  lo  in  thf  lift-  of  rohnnl)n>4, 
Tht'  chirr  iMciipiiH,  hi'iidi- 1  liy  iIh' laoiht-r  of  iIh' caphnc'l 
('aoaal)o,  had  forna'd  a  powrrfnl  condanalion.  Ursolvcd  lo 
niMl;*' a  1,'iMnd  as-»:inlt  ap  »n  tli  >  Spndsli  MctthMnfnt.  tlu'yas- 
.scndtlfd  ihcir  fon-i's  in  tlif  iloyiil  IMain.  'I'h  •  Adndral  dc- 
tcrndiH'd  lo  mi'i't  tla-m,  thoiiuh  li)>  could  nin^tcr  hat  two 
Inindrcd  aial  twenty  na-n.  'rw('nl>  of  thcst>  were  cavalry 
There  wei'e  also  twejjty  hi lllonn<ls. 

With  this  force  the  l)isc(»verer  of  Ana-rica  sallied  forth 
from  Isiiliella.  accoaipniued  hy  his  hi-oiher  Doa  Marlholo- 
mew  and  Alon/.o  de  Ojedii.  The  allied  Italians  in  the  IMain 
are  said  to  have  nnmhered  |(iO,()()(),  armeilwith  cinhs,  stones, 
lances,  and  hows  and  arrows. 

The  ])lan  of  attack  was  arrantjed  hy  Don  Martholoinew. 
Divided  into  small  detachnaMits.  the  infantry  advjinced  sial- 
dei>ly  from  various  (]iiarters  with  jj;reat  din  of-.lnnris  aial 
trumpiets,  and  a  deadly  volley  (»f   lire-arms.     I'anic  seized 


■  IrviiiK. 


,f^  ALOXMO  ItK  itJRIiA. 

,.„  ,1...  hn.v..  but  f.'rHn.'.1  -^..v..^....     A  rnlul.ry  f.-rv..  ......n.-.l 

,„,,vi,u  .I..VVM  .-i'"'  •»"••"    •"  "'"  ^"'■>  ''•''^";'^.  ^'7'^ 

,,,„„ullii«  H.-m  una.'r  foot  iiii.l  .U-ulln«   fui..l  LI-um  xvi.li 
l„„,,:„„a   HNvor.1.    Th..  hl.MMlhoi.u.N  vv.'ip  Ills..   I.r   1........ 

„„|   ni'^hinir  upmi  Hi-  nak.-.l    Iu-Uumh.   i|„.y  fniv   ilioiii   In 
,,l..,vM.     If  was  .1  short  LunUs  an.l  u   .oinpl.-t..  vlftmy  fur 

This  virtoi y  was  fnllnw.!   u|>  Lv  iv.lurinu'  all  parts  ..f  tl..- 
Man.l    t..    uImmII.u.v.     Any    attriapts  at    Mppo^itimi    w.-iv 

., lilv   .•ImtU...!.     (>jr.|a's  tiuup  or  ravahy   was  o    yrrat 

..|n,.;Mv',  from  th..  lapMily  of  it.  inuv..,„.nts,  thy  art  v..  lu- 
,,,.p|,lltv  of  its  ronnnaiHl.T,  a.al  ll...  t.T.or  ia^pHvl  l.y  th.- 
hoiH..s  *Th..f.-  was  no  ^..rvir..  too  wiia  aial  ha/.aHlnu>  lor 
OuMla      ir  ai.v  appraraiuv  of  ssxxv  aro...  in  a  aistaiit  pail  of 

tlM... mv,  la-wouiap...a.|.at,.withhisllttlrH.pn.aronof 

n.valrv  thVo.iKh  th.-  .h-ptl.s  ..f  Hm'  foivsts.  ai.a  fall  ia<-  a 
,h„nai'ilM.ll  II1.0M  th..-n..aiy,  aisnmnMtiti-  all  ila-ir  .oiul.l 
liiilioiis  aiKl  nilon-iiw  iMipli''i»  sulMiassioa,' 

Hul  for  o„r  h.'io  III.'  sronn  t.ow  «amt.K"^.  H-  was  ainoiiK 
thos..wlio  salh'awilh  Cul.in.l.iis  for  Spain  in  I  I'*';.  Ihiv.. 
Htiiil.iu'  v.-ars  iti  Hispaniula  haa  -n-atly  ruhata-.a  his  ivpu- 
tatioa  as  a  s..hiiH-  ..f  umivali-d  skill  uiul  luaKhhss  l.ravrry. 

,  ,    , „..,,„,„;,,./ 1,..,..- «l,l.iM.m.--n.l  In  •l.-N-«Wn,I.l.tt...y  s»,.,o  ohj.-rf.  of  trrmf 

■'  lrvltii% 


lit   of    their 

I    fnil«tiiH|y, 

M«»UM  with 

>     l»'t     Iniff, 

iii>  iht'iii   III 
vlrtoiy  fnf 

puits  of  tin- 
i^ltinll  \\f|«' 
iVtlH  ttf  Ul«'llt 
|H«  JK'llvc    III- 

liii'tl  l>y  thi' 

11/111  (|n||>i  fur 
st;illl  pMII  of 
!4i|Ull)lr*)!t   of 

il  fitll  liU<'  ii 
I  heir  ('otul)i 

•  wnn  nniotiK 
I  lite,     Thrt'o 

I  li'iH  n-jm- 

ilt'HH  hravt'iy. 

\cfi>  nhjccfn  of  tfffnr 

i<|||>i'Im'«.  »lTt'  HIIIH'- 

11)11  iliiu  iliiin  I"  hiK 
Hull  llir  lior"!'  Hiiilllii' 
iiir<i'  liii|><'lii>i''lly   mitl 


CTTAPTKU  TT. 

Arito<4N  TIIK   ATl.ANTlr    ANI>   l».\<  K. 

fyt'tfit  as  II  iniritfninr  Amii'ifin  Vm/nn'iu  ~  KjimfUInn  In 
Snuth  Attinirif  ,|  /„t//^,  n'it/i  Un-  I'liii  nihil  In  Hifilnri'lf 
thi' iniixl  uj'  Sniilh  Anniivu  -MilkiH  lluilhli  ot  //iM/H'/i* 
Mil      ltrhlin\  In  S/Hiili, 

OjtM.i  <li<I  tiof  •4;iil  with  ('<tliiml»iis  hi  hii  thhil  voyn^''. 
NVIi.ri.  huui'vi'f.  m  •oiiiiis  fi.uji  ih*>  Adinhjii  ifarht-.l  SpMin, 
fi'Uliiy;  of  i'liiiii  tiu'l  its  pMil  <'i»:isr.  »  ^ivnt  MfiiHiiliuii  uiis 
IHuilii.t'd.  It  hu'rt'ii?4»'tl  the  Ki'^wiiiK  >*\*\\'\i  of  iuiv».ntiiiv. 
iml  Hull.' ciist  moiv  niixioiis  lonks  to\\in<h  thi' N»'\v  Woiltl 

Ihilll  tllc  cuiiiiiiclor  til'  (';io||iiIm>.       ills  desire  to  (if  niit  nil  »'X- 

pi'iliiioii  iiiiiisi-lf  foiiml  ivinly  «'in'oiuii;:fnii'iif  from  IiIm  pii. 
lion,  liishop  KoiisfCii,  who.  iis  will  Im<  ifnu'iiilH'U'd,  caird 
liiif  lililt'  for  ('nliimiiiis  mill  his  li^htM. 

Willi  il  coiniiiissinii  simii'd  l>y  j-'onseca  in  his  pocket, 
Ojeda  loo|\ei|  !il)oiit  for  nieniis  to  lit  out  il  little  lleef.  A 
mere  soldier  of  foitiine.  he  was  far  from  rich,  lnit  (some 
wealthy  lii'ichaiils  of  Seville  rame  to  Ids  a.ssi.staiire,  and  in 
■I  short  while  he  found  himself  the  eommander  of  a  sipiadron 
of  four  VesM'ls.  His  chii'f  associates  were  .lohiide  la  Cosa, 
an  old  disciple  of  Coiiimlnis  and  a  very  skilled  iiavi^ialor,  and 
Ainerijro  Vespucci,  11  merchant  of  Fhtienre,  who  Monj^ht,  It 
seems,  in  rlie  New  World  for  that  foiiiine  which  lie  had  not 
been  ai.le  to  lind  in  the  Old.  Whether  he  had  any  pecii- 
nhiry  interest,  in  the  expedition,  and  in  what  capacity  he 
salh'd,  does  not  appear.  Mis  importance  has  entirely  arisen 
from  siiltH'(pient  circumstances  from  his  Ian  in^  written 
and  puhlislied  a  narrative  of  his  voyajj;es,  and  fiom  his 
name  iiaviiiu' eventually  been  Miveii  to  the  2sevv  WurUl.' 


Am(rlu'i>Vi"'iinf-(I,i\  Fl'irmllni' t'lnlli'iiinn.  nrmniiKiiiliil  OJ,M,i  |n  thi.  m)viil'i'.   Inwimi  Hiilioii 
he  Mrvt'tl  \»  micirwliii  but  a*  Irn  wnii  an  inih rltiicnl  mllor,  nnd  iiuIihiuI)  Hklliriit  In  all  the 

180 


^,)„  ALOyZO  DK  OJf'Ahl 

On  ll...  :.'Olli  (.f  Mav.  ilOD,  Oj-'h.  sailc)  fnuu  Pert  St.  >[aiy, 
,„.l  ta.nty  f(.ur  days  after  h.  tuurli..l  South  Anu.u-a.  a   a 
point  abo.;,  two  luMHl.v.1  U.a,.u>.  south  ol  t ho  (  nnu  o        U 
iMM,  coast.'.!  uo.thwanls.     At  a  .■otivoni.nt  ha.l...r  h.  lyul 
,,,„,-,.autim..    The  ImUans  th..-k.'.l  t..  s..- lhestia„j.vr^-"'l"^l 
nu>uriu..v.My  way,  un.l  suppli.-.l  hsh,  -^'-''V!"  ^nlXv 
bread  iu  abuudau.v.     It  was  soon  b.uu.U  '".'-•;^";     '     "    >, 
>vish...lt..^aiuth..i.r..t...-tion  ..I'  ih.'  ^i-aniards  "J^  >^'^^^'  /' " 
(    auibals.>f  th..  (;aribb.M,  ishnuls.  who  ..flea  niva.h-d  th.  r 
coasts  a.ul  eanled  olV  peoi.Us  wh.>.a  they  afterwards  lahtt- 

nianlv  devoured.  ,  ,  , 

OjMa  was  asked  to  attack  the  ntan-.M.lers   an.l  he    oh 
,,,  ;„,l  i,  in  his  hanly  uaturo  to  r.-fus.-      W  ..h  a  uu.u U-  . 
In.lia.i  oui.les  he  saiU-d  for  seven  days  befor.'  he  ...rne  t..the 
l,U,itath.u  ..f  this  uuuatttral  rae.      Tl>e  sh.>n.  was  th..>n.ed 
with  hi.leously-i.|.int...l  sava-^-s,  who  y.'lh'.l  d-haaee.      I ..  > 
ha.l   not   hm-  to  wait.     Th.    .M.auaaa.h-r   ..rd.-ml   ..ut     as 
boats,  an.l  i.r..vhled  each  with  a  saiall  <-annon.     Armws  llew 
thi.'k  an.l  swiftlv  as  the  Spar.iar.ls  pulUnl  t..wards  liie  sh.ne. 
The  cannibals  even  dashe.l  int.,  th.-  wat.'r  to  n.e.'t  th.'  inva.l- 
ers.     Oj.Hla  .>ren.Ml  lire.     The  sava-.'s  sta,-ere<i  un.ler  the 
destructive  punishment,  and  soon  t....k  to  th.-ir  heds.    W  h.'n 
the  cjunnander  an.l  his'nien  heaped  ash..re,   ho.vever,  t.ie 


.  „i  „.rvl,..,'  to  nrvl.'atlon  I..-  -pcni-  to  Imvo  flrni.ln-d  kupIi  nntl.orlty  nmonj:  hi«  oompnn- 

:ri:::;"::::;;:::;;:.;i:=.^^^ 

ri.-  vvlm'W  IK.  Im.l  vi-it,.(l.    A.  ..  «a.  th.  lir.l  .IcMTipt.m  of  nny  part  o    llu'  ,,;','', 

Li  ;  .1M,..,1.  a  p..fnn„an<...  .,  wWl  ral,,,,,,,..,!  tn  .n„ify  tlu.  pa--...  -f  nmn       •     '    ;  ^      J^ 

A„u.ri«..  was  supp.--...  to  lu'  .!..■  .Ii.c..v..r..r  ran...  ura.laal  y  t,.   '    ^^'-l  ^  "  ,:„,.v,.,-a   ,■..„- 
«.,„  of  nation..  ..;.„  i-v,  i.  th.  nan,,.  h..s,.,u..,   on  th,.  -nw  .pa  ...    '^  >^-   :        •        ',.,,„,,„„ 

ri.,lr,..!'.--/.'"'« '■''.'""• 

.  on  ,hN  ..xp..,imon  .li-'-la  pnr.no,!  tho  nmt.-  of  (^.httnhn.  in  hi.  thif.l  voya.-...  '";""; ';"''';;'' ''>; 
,„..  o,"art  «i,i,.'h  th..  v..n..rai,i,.  Ac.n,irai  ha.l  .cm-  hom..,ae  well  ««  hy  th.  ...arnar.  .vi...  had  ..cnt- 
panlfU  hJin  on  that  occiitioii.--/)TiH!/. 


aaita 


ort  St.  Mary, 
XiiU'iicii.  at  si 

ihoi  1k'  Ituilt 
iinjivrs,  auU'il 
,  ami  cassavii 
,i'i\  that  tlicy 
s  ajiaii'.sl  tlm 
iiivadr'l  tlu'ir 
TwanU  iiiliti- 

iiiul   lit'  <'<>tll(l 

li  a  nmiiluTof 
If  caiuc  totlio 
\vas  tb'<>iiu*'tl 
'liaiKH'.  Tlit'y 
U-icd   (tut   his 

Anows  tiew 
irds  tilt' shore, 
icct  the  iiivad- 
rt>(i  under  the 
L-heds.    When 

lio.vever,  the 


rlty  nmonj;  hi"  romrnn- 
tlicir  opiriillonH  il;iriim 
tnrcsMiil  di-fOviTic^'  lo 
n;;iiify  liis  ou  ii  cxpl'iit". 
,  ii|)|iciir  lliiit  he  li:iil  tlio 
^  ni'ciiniit  "iiw  ilr,i"Ti  »P 
[if  ||i<  \(IVIl'-'<'  iHul  '"'M- 
r  ciistoiil"  '  "  I'i'i''- 
of  llic  >'  ^'  irl.l  t'.ial. 
of  iimiK.  iir"lmt  N 

Till'  ("■  •■>■  "'  "lii'''^ 
ylii-ii.im.  .  Tlicniiiriro 
r.  By  tlu'  iiiiviTMil  coii- 
lic  iilolio.  Till'  I,  -.iii  pri'- 
V  World  of  a  cIlHliiic.Min 
'oliinit)!'-^.  nnd  iiiMuUiii.^ 
iiiu',  it  U  in>»  li»>  iiil>'  't> 


viiyiii;!'.  I'ciii'T  t'nidi'd  liy 
miriiar!?  .\lu)  had    '.lom- 


^^'^ 


iiiSto->«^  J''. 


% 


71  I 


\ 


.J  I''- 


j^" 


OJEDA  CUTTING  HIS  WAY  THROUGH  THE  INDIAN  RANKS. 


~^iV>   '■\\\\ 


.■'C^-'^- 


RANKS. 


•l/.O.V^O  Z)A'  OJf./t.l. 


It)  I 


(^nrll)  wiin-iors  rsillicd.  mikI  itj  ii  slioif  litin'  it  bcciiiuo  n  licicc 
liiiiiil-toliimd  ciiiillict.  Hilt  till'  (Ici'i*  iiiid  dciidly  lil<i\vs  dl" 
tilt'  Si)iiiiiai'd.>  ti»ld  oil  tlic  wild  imdlitiidc,  and  at  tlic  point 
(d'  tlin  sword  tln'  nian-eatei's  wi'ic  finally  drivon  to  the 
woods.  On  tlic  I'ollowin;^  diiy  tlu-  shore  swarmed  witli  lios- 
tilc  ('aril)s,  naked,  arni<'(|,  and  jsni  Cd.  Ojrda  a.unin  lantlcd 
willi  lil'ty  seven  men,  and  rusiiing  on  the  sava^m's,  he  routed 
theinwith  fearful  slaujihter. ' 

After  allowiiit?  his  crews  twenty  days  of  I'est.  he  saihnl  for 
the  niainland,  once  more  jiusliinu"  his  way  alorii;'  the  coasts. 
lie  ariived  at  ii  vast,  deep  ^fidf,  resemltlin;j,- a  Iranipul  lake; 
cntHrini,'  which,  he  beheld  <»n  ihe  «'astern  side  a  vil!a<;c.  the 
construction  of  which  sti'uck  liim  wiihsiir|)rise.  It  consisted 
of  twenty  la r^e  lioiises,  shaped  like  bells,  and  built  on  i»iles 
diiven  into  the  bottom  of  (he  lake,  \vhich  in  this  part  was  lijn- 
pid  and  of  but  little  depth.  Each  lioust^  was  ju'ovided  with 
a  drawbridi^e  and  with  canoes,  Ity  whidi  communication  was 
carried  on.  From  tlu>se  resemblances  to  the  Italian  city, 
Ojeda  ^avo  the  bay  the  name  <d'  the(»ulf  of  \'<'nice;'  and  it 
is  called  at  the  ])rcsent  day  Venezuela,  or  Little  A'onice.  The 
Indian  name  was  Coquibacoa.' 

After  a  number  of  adventures  at  this  villa<::e,  Ojeda  con- 
tinued to  explore  the  gulf,     lie  gave  the  name  of  St.  Bar- 


'  Till'  CiirihH— or  inlialiltiintf  of  tlir  Caribtiii'  Ir-lnnc's  -seem  to  have  lii'iii  «  Imital  rare,  ijiiito 
(lislliict  from  tlu!  olliiT  Iiulian»  i>f  llie  Wcj-t  liidicw.  Tluir  fiTocily  and  ctuiiidliy  wrv  luarly 
houiidlc'ss. 

An  aculc  otworvcr.  and  one  who  know  tlicni  well.  ■lavr  tlir  followinc  drscriptinn  over  a  irntury 
njio:  It  i^  not  llic  red  (nlor  of  their  coTnpli'xion.  il  is  not  the  hhiL'uhirilv  of  their  feiitun'H 
wldcli  roiistltiitoM  the  chief  dilTorenre  lietwcen  them  and  us.  It  is  their  cxees-ive  slin|ill(ity;  it 
Is  llie  iiniited  dciiree  of  their  f.iciillics.  Tlieir  reason  is  not  more  cniiL'liti  lied  or  inore  iirovident 
tlian  tile  iiistiiici  of  liriiles.  Tlie  reason  of  llic  most  ltoss  peMsants.  tliat  of  llie  ni';:r'>es  liroiifjlit 
np  in  llie  parts  of  Afrien  most  remote  from  inter.'iiiirse  with  Kiiropeaim  is  such  that  we  discover 
npjiea ranees  of  iiilelliceiiec,  wliieli.  tlioiiL'h  imperfect,  is  capalile  of  increase.  Uiit  of  lliis  thi; 
nnderslandiii;:  of  the  Cariiis  seems  lo  lie  scarcely  sii'ceplilih\  And  if  soiiml  phiio-ophy  and 
reli;;i(m  did  not  afford  us  their  li«ht.  if  we  were  to  dieiile  accordini:  to  the  llr.-t  impression  wlilch 
the  view  of  that  people  makes  upon  tiie  mind,  we  shniild  he  disposed  to  iii'lieve  that  they  do  not 
heloiifi  to  the  same  Hpeoli's  w  ith  us.  Tlu'ir  stupid  eye  is  the  true  mirror  of  tlicirsoiilM;  il  appearn 
to  he  without  functions.  Their  indolence  is  c.Ntrenie.  Never  have  they  the  least  solicitude  alioiit 
the  moment  wliich  is  to  succeed  that  which  is  present.— />c  t'/tnurnlnn,  "  Vfynrjf  a  hi  }ftulinii/iii'." 

Sec  also  Uobertsoii,  "  History  of  America,"  Note  4r> ;  and  Irving,  "Life  and  Voyafjes  of 
Colnmhus."  Vol.  1.  pp.  m>.  31T. 

AceordinL!  to  a  late  writer  in  .lohnson's  "  New  I'niversnl  Cyclopedia,"  Tcninants  of  ihc  Caribg 
exist  at  the  present  time  in  the  West  Indies,  (jiiiuiia,  Honduras,  and  near  I'aniinia. 

'  Now  the  Gulf  of  Maracavbo. 

'  Inlng. 


1!L> 


M.nx/jf  ni:  (Uf:n.\. 


tl.ul.,mow  to  a  port  which  is  t.ow  known  l.y  its  Tn.linn  n  xm^^ 
-Manicavho.  lU'fe  the  In.lians  tivat.-.l  tlu-  Spaniards  as 
im-M-li.-  »M'in-s,  h<.aiH'(l  upon  tlirn.  ^'wiy  n.ark  ol  iun.l- 
nrs.  -jwl  v.-nrration.  A  litlU'  brroiv  .h'paitin-,  tht-  nan- 
n.an.hT  onh'iv.l  Ih.-  fann<.n  to  Im'  ,lisrhai-.-.l,  at  th.'.so.nu 
ol-  Nviii.-h,  writes  V..spu.ri,  tli.-  tin.i.l  sava-rs  ^ l>l>m,|i"<l 
into  thf  wat.'r  like  so  many  t'ro^is  fron.  a  l)ank.  U  lu-a 
lh,.y  saw,  JK.w.'V.'r,  that  no  liarni  was  (h.ni>  their  fears  were 

'  'Hi'iaVn-  adieu  to  this  friendly  port,  Ojt'da  stood  alon.ir 
the  eoast  until  lie  ram.'  to  Toiut  (Jalliuas.  wliere  the 
state  of  his  vessels  warned  him  that  all  further  projects 
„r  dis<M,v.'rv  or  exploration  must  In'  abamh.ned.  Ih; 
tlien  cluuiji'ed  Ills  <-ourse,  and  steered  for  llispaniola. 
His  presence  in  that  island  both  surprised  and  displeased 
t^.lumbus,  and  besides  was  contrary   to  tlie  tenor  of  lim 

commission.  . 

The  Admiral   dispatclied  Francis  Koldan,  a  dannj,'  and 
crafty  character  to  call  Ojeda  to  a.-count.     Ojeda  promised 
to  visit  the  Admiral,  but  socm  forgot  his  promise  ;  and,  hav- 
ing; relitted   his  ships,  li;^  sailed   ulon,i>-   tlu;  coast  nntil^  he 
reached  one  of  the  settlements  in  which  discontent  a<,niinst 
the  rule  of  Columbus  had  reached  a  hi-h  pitch,     llen^  lie 
stopped,  and,  it  is  said,  he  was  so  thoughtless  and  impru- 
dent as  to  express  his  sympathy  with  the  restless  spirits  and 
lawless  rulliaiiism  of  the  place.     But  the  keen  eyt^  of  the 
Admiral  descried  the  danger,  and  by  his  orders  lloldan  was 
again  on  the  track  of  Ojeda,  carefully  watching  his  move- 
ments.    They  were,  indetMl,   well   matched  opponents  ;  but 
the  various  nianaMivres  by  which  they  tried  to  outwit  each 
other  are  too  many  and  triHing  for  these  pages.     It  must 
snlHceto  say  that  in  the  end  Ojeda  was  obliged  to  turn  his 
back  on  the  shoivs  of  llispaniola,  his  visit  having  added  but 
little  to  his  reputation  as  a  man  of  good  sense,  or  a  soldier 
wli(»  recognizes  the  virtue  of  justice, 

Ojeda  now  rambled  for  a  time  in  tlie  n'ighboring  islands, 
seizing  and  carrying  off  a  drove  of  the  natives.  He  resumed 
his  voyage,  and  sailed  into  Cadiz  in  June,  1500.    The  un- 


I 


ALOSZO  {)/■:  OJ/JIJA. 


1(1  inn  tutno 
[);iniar(ls  mm 
k  (>r   UiiKl- 

;•,    tlU'    Ci'lll- 

t  the  soiiiid 

"l)lunji(Ml 

i."     Wiu'ii 


io;i 


fortiinfito  Indians  woro  sold  in  flic  sliiv.'-nmrkfK  jind  tlio 
l)roc('«'ds  (livid»>d  anioni;  liiruscif  arid  his  fdllowt'is.  Alto- 
K<'fln'r,  this  »'xi)(';liii(»n  wiis  n  failuiv.  It  accdnipiishcd  litth* 
or  nofhinu".  .save  fhat  it  added  to  Oji';du\s  (;elcbrity  as  a  bold 
and  skilllid  adventurer. 


stood  iiloiiu; 
whi'if  tlu^ 
icr  jjiojccts 
lolled.  lit! 
IlispiUiiohi. 
I  displeast'tl 
enor  of   his 

darinj;  and 
la  jironiised 
„■ ;  and,  hav- 
ist  nntil  ho 
tent  a<j;ainst 
1.  Here  h<' 
I  and  inipni- 
vs  spirits  and 

eye  of  the 
lloldan  Avas 
ig  his  niove- 
)()nents  ;  Imt 
outwit  eacdv 
es.  It  must 
I  to  turn  his 
n^  added  hut 

or  a  soldier 


•ring  islands, 

He  resumed 

DO.    The  uii- 


CllAPTKH  TIT. 

STlUUlMi   SCKNKS    ANU    AnVKNUHF-S. 

Another  e,rp,'<lilln„  In  Sn„fh  Aourica-^Tnfi'nf  fo  fo^'^j[^ 
1   V  Ll   v.l„a   can,.,  of   '^-/f ''VV'^^/tr.;!: 

Tr'L     ne!'il>  of  the  hrn^c  Da  la  Vosa-Mnueuhm 
t'.sriipr  of  Oji-'lo- 

Oi.Mla  wns  now  the  impular  luno  of  the  any.  Tlj.  lowly 
,vl^  .h'l  hin.  with  wona.r,  and  .v.-n  Ihos.  ...  h.,h  phy.. 
IKd .1  hi...  tl,H  t.il...t.  or  aa...i.atio.i.  Above  ull,  H.sl.o,.  Im..... 
seal  was  his  wa.'.n  f.iend.  _ 

In  ,-o,.si.l.M-atio.i  ol-  his  past  sm-.<vs  a..(    of  ( tl.eis  ex- 
JrU.X  r.o...  hi....  a  ^na..t  was  n.a.U'  to  h....  ol  s.x  lea-n.es 
ml  in  the  so,.thern  ,.a.-t  of  llispaniola,  a...l  the  ^•ove...n.e.  t 
o  ft     ,  n-ovi...-  ..f  (>q..ibaeoa,   whieh   he   ha.l  ...seove.e.. 
H.  ^vas,  f...th.M.nore,  a..lho.i/.e.l  to  tit  o..t  a..y  n..n.l.er  ol 

iui,,.   not  ex .li..K  te..,  at  his  own  expn.se.  a...l  to  p.ose- 

i:;hUiseovery;;iTer.-aFi.n.a.     He  was  ..ot  to  to,.]... 
triHie  on  the  i.earl  coast  of  Ta.ia,  extend...-  as  far  as  a_  bay 
n   he  vtlMitv  of  the  ish,nd  of  Ma.^^a.ita.     Beyo...    t^lns  he 
ad  a,  .i^d.t  to  t.a.le  in  all  kinds  of  „.e,rh^nd.se,  wh.  i.e.-  o 
T,ea.ls,  jewels,  n.etals  or  preeions  stones;  pay. n^'  ;'""-l>H'  -J 
the  protits  to  the  C.-own,  and  abstai..inf.^  f.o..i  ...ak...j.-  sla^es 
of  the  Indians  witho..t  a  special  li<-ense  from  the  Sovere.-ns. 
He  was  to  cohmi/e  Cocp.ibaeoa,  and,  as  a  recompense,  was 
to  e..j.>v  one-half  of  the  proceeds  of  his  tenuto.y   pronded 
the  half  tlid  not  exceed  30(),00()  maravedies.     All  bejo.id 
thnt  amount  was  to  ffo  to  the  Crown.' 
No  sooner  was  thb  co.r.mission  i..  his  hand,  than  the  ever- 


t  /()  fotni'f  (t 
mintiil   (loti- 

litis  -A(/(iiit 
liff  />nisoii('(f 
-Miiut'uhniH 


.  Tlu'  lowly 
1  hii-li  placHM 
,  Hislinjt  lM»n- 

of  otlii'is  ox- 
six  Icajiiics  of 
It'  fi(iv('i'iin\t'nt 
1(1  (iiscovt'i'»'t'. 
fiy  nuinbiT  ol" 
iiiid  to  ]m)se- 
»t  to  t(tucli  oi- 
ls far  as  a  bay 
cyond  this  lie 
so,  wlicthor  of 
n^-  ono-iifth  of 
niakinj;'  slaves 
ho  SoveroifJjns. 
coniponso,  was 
tory,  proviflocl 
,.     All  beyond 

,  than  the  ever- 


Af.OXZO  nS  OjfiOA. 


105 


nrtlve  Ojeda  bo^^ran  the  \v<.i'U  of  iiiiin^r  niit  some  vcMseN. 
Two  fiieiids  oppatMl  tliojr  purses,  and  in  n  short  tjiii<.  four 
ships  wrre  in  n>;idiness.  'I'h,.  rNprdiiion  ser  sail  in  i:.(c.'. 
Ojoda  and  Ids  liffj..  stpnidron  roarlicd  the  New  World  ne.'r 
th<!  month  of  ili.-  ()rin(»cu.  iiiid  flien  |»r(»c...Mled  alon^' what 
is  now  III.-  n(.Mliern  eoast  of  Hi,.  Ii..pi|l,||c  of  \eneznel;i, 
until  fh.-ii  ;.n(liois  were  enst  in  (1„.  port  of  Cocpiibiieoa,  tl'in 

desliiicd    sent    of    ^t'Vern 111.        It     [.n.ved    fo     ].,.  a    ]„.or 

eoiiiiliy. 

(Governor  Ojeda  moved  fiirlh.'r  aion^-  ih..  ,.o:,sf,  i,,j,  i,.,v 
which  he  named  S;intn  Cni/.  or  l|(.ly  Cross.  Here  he  re- 
s(.lvMd  to  form  his  setH.-m.-iit.  The'indians.  Iiowrv.'r  had 
not  been  eonsulfed,  mid  one  dny,  as  n  j.arty  ..f  Spiuiiards 
landed  for  wati-r,  a  f^allinj;  siK.wer  of  arrows' hastened  riieir 
rrtiirn  to  the  shij.s.  This  annoye.l  Ojnia.  II..  landed  im- 
mediately with  all  his  men  and  n-av,.  the  savayes  snch  ti 
severe  thrashiii^r  (|,ai  they  were  glad  to  obtain  peace  on  anv 
terms. 

Work  now  b..nan  in  earnest.  The  settlement  grew  ami  a 
fortress  was  formed.  Provisions  were  dealt  out  twice  a  dav 
under  the  iiisp..etioii(.f  jnoper  ollieeis ,  the  treasure  oain'ell 
by  barter,  by  ransfun,  (»r  in  any  (.iher  way.  was  deposited 
in  a  strong  box,  secured  by  two  locks,  one*  Icey  b(>ing  kept 
by  the  Koval  Supervisor,  the  oilier  by  (iarcia"de  Campi.s.- 
lint  thre..  evils  ;.|llicted  Hie  infant  coh.nv,  and  hastened  its 
de.strnction.  Provisions  got  scarce.  The  Indians  became 
more  and  more  bitterly  hostih*.  Disunion  appeared  in  the 
camp. 

The  Governor's  bravery  exceeded  his  j.rndenco.  Tn  sev- 
eral of  the  rahls  which  he  led  on  the  Indian  villaucs  he 
managed  to  collect  considerable  gold.  This  he  locked  in 
the  strong-ljox,  and  took  poss(>ssion  of  the  keys.  Do  Cam- 
pos and  the  Royal  Siipt-rvisor  weiv  much  disj.leased.  As 
want  increased,  the  murmurs  grew  louder  against  Ojeda 
until  finally  the  two  wily  oflie'als  seized  him,  ].nt  him  in 
irons,  and  conveyed  him  on  shiplioard.     The  stron<--box  and 


>  Siipposcil  to  111'  (lie  |)r.-cnl  lliililu  Iloirlu. 

»  Uf  canipo.  wu»  oiif  of  the  two  who  paid  for  ilie  (lltlng-oiit  of  the  arnmment. 


ion 


Aioyzo  nr-:  o.//?/».t 


til.-  wholo  ('..Inny  fnll.mv.l,  i.tul  In  u  f.'W  .liiys  tlio  sIiIi-h  liiy 
oil"  tilt'  «'(»nst  (tf  HiMiKinlnlii. 

Whil.'  Ill  imch-.r.  w  iiliiii  ii  Hr(m.''M  flirou-  of  tlu'  l;iii.l.  ( M.-lii, 
nmli.l.'iit  ..r  his  stivi.-tl.  :m.l  s\<\\\  ns  a  swinmirr,  l.-t  l.li.i^.-lf 
,n,i..tlv  sli.l..  .luNvii  th.'  sl.l.'  <.r  th.'  ship  Into  tlin  wut.T  .luiMiK 
tl.f  niichr,  and  atK-nipt.-.l  to  swin>  for  tli.'  shoiv.  Ills  aims 
wnv  fiv..  hut  his  I'.M.t  w.'iv  shackl.Ml.  an.l  tla-  wciKl"  "I  1"^ 
irons  tluvat..n.Ml  m  sink  him.  II-  wus  oi.Ji^^.Ml  in;l'<"ir  for 
l„.lp.  .,  i.nat  xvus  sent  iVom  th.«  v.'ss.'l  to  his  ivli.'f,  and  thn 
unfoitunaf.-  ({ov.-nior  was  l.io.i-ht  l.a<-lv  hall'  <lro^vn.'d  in 
his  univh-ntin^'  paitiwrs.'  .....  ,   .i 

'I'll.'  niatt.'i-  ill  dispiit.'  now  .Mit.'ivd  the  (N.nrts,  aiK.  tli.J 
Chirf  .ludii.'  of  llispaiiiola  d.-cid.'d  n^'ainst  Oj.'ila.  II. •  ap- 
l,..ahM|,  how.'vrr,  to  ih.-  Kin-,  and  was  hoiioniMy  artpnttrd 
by  the  Itoval  CouiU'il.  Oi'l''''"^  "'..n-  pv.Mi  to  ivstoiv  his 
l,rop..rtv,  but  unhappily  ih-iv  was  litth'  to  n-st.av  I  hn 
HtroiiK-f..»x  was  cini.ty.  Th..  .•oiaiii.Tor  of  L'aonabo  found 
hinis..lf  -a  tiiumphant  dh'nt,  but  a  niin.Ml  man.  ' 

K„r  Honu-  years  w.^  Iosm  si-ht  of  Oj.'da.     W  ith  a   .ludit 

Durs,.  an.l  an 'untanii'd  spirit,  li-mwrr,  we  lind  him  lu  His- 

T,ani..la   in   i:..»S.    Th,.  rh-h.'s  of   th.'  Isthmus  of    »>''>'.'n-- 

(liscovt'ivd  bv  (!olunil>us  in  his  last  voyiij{o-lmd  ma.h.  that 

reuion   famo'ns.     Rin«   K.'nlinan.l   was    anxious  to    found 

colonh's  alon-  tln'  favo.vd  cust,  and  was  advis.-d  to  s.-h'ct 

Oinla  to  carrv  out  his  (h-.i^ns.     Hut   tin.  latt(.r  was  at  a 

distamv  and  i».nnlh'ss.     Still  \w  was  not  frimdh'ss.     I  lu, 

hardy  and   kind-h..art..d  vtcran,  John  <h'  la  (-..sii.   l..arn- 

W  of  the  Mtate  of  alVairs,   p.n..rously  olb.iv.l    his   pi-rsH 

and  s(.rvi<..>s  to  aid  Oj.'da  in  th.'  .'iib'rpris...    The  olTer  was 

Ldadlv  acrrpted,  an.l    De  la  (Josa  went  to  Spain   to  -ive 

personal  att.'uti.m  t..  th.'  tittin^-ont  of  an  nrmam..nt.     \ 

ship  and  tw..  brijrantin.'s  were  soon  in  readim.ss,  an.l  witli 

tw.)  h.indr...l  m..n  on  boar.l  the  prows  were  turned  towar.ls 

the  New  \Vorl.l.  ,     .      .  ..    , 

lint  Oi.'.<la  was  not  to  have  the  field  of  colonization  entiivly 
to  himself.  A  brave,  n..bl..and  acr.anplislie.l  conrti.'r,  nam.'d 
James  de  Nicuesa,  aske.l  for  a  share,  ami  was  not  iefns...l. 


>  IrvliiB. 


M.nsy.n  />/■;  it.n:i<.\ 


107 


10  fililits  liiy 

liiml.  (>ji''lii, 
,  li-t  liitii^<*>lf 
viitcr  (luring 
'.  UN  iiiiiiH 
■(•infill  of  Ills 
t(»  slioiir  t'lir 
lii'f,  and  lilt' 

(llilW  lU'll    to 

irts,  mid  tlip 
(111.  Ill'  iip- 
)ly  iir(|iiittrd 
»  rt'stor*'  Ills 
fstdiv.  'I'hw 
onalu)  found 

N'ith  n  '.iirlit 
him  in  llis- 
(»f  Daricn— 
il  niiidc  that 
us  to    fountl 

iscd  to  .select 
tVV  AVllM  lit  a 
•ndlcss.  The 
(Josa.  h'lini- 
'd  his  jMU'SH 
riic  olTcr  WHS 
pain  to  ^ivf^ 
rnianicnt.  .V 
CSS,  and  witii 
lined  towards 

ation  entirely 

nitier.  nanie(l 

not   refused. 


Til  r«*thniiis  of  Darjen  was  di\ith'd  into  two  pi'ovlncps  ;• 
(),,  '  I  I  was  to  ride  the  suiitliein  division,  Nieiiesa  the  north* 
i't'ii ;  wliile  the  island  of  .iaiiiaiea  wns  uiveii  as  cnniintm 
ground,  whence  both  c(»ii|.l  draw  a  supply  of  provi>ions. 
MIciiesa  did  not  spare  his  ineiins  in  liititiM'-ont  a  Meet. 

Alioiit  the  siiine  time  tlie  two  rival  armaments  cast  atichoi' 
in  file  li,irl)or  n\'  S;in  homiimo,  llispaniola.  The  cliivalrio 
()Ji''i|;i  welruiiied  Ills  old  aiid  uoithy  friend,  ,ln|iii  de  la  Cusa, 
wlioiii   till'   (ioverniiii'nt  had  appointed  jus  lieutenant  ;  Itiit 

tllel'e   is   little   dollht    tliak   he    felt   rat  her  im  .it  ijicil  oij    seeini( 

the  inferiority  of  his  tjeei  to  that  of  his  mure  wealthy  rival, 
^iciiesa.  lie  wanteil  more  money.  Nnr  was  he  hniu,-  in 
lindiiiu  it.  for  "he  had  a  facility  at  commandiim,'  the  purses 
of  his  neiiihbors."  Theri'  was  a  lawyer  at  San  Domini-'o 
naiiie(|  |)(>  Mncisd,  who  had  made  sinli  ;:nod  use  of  his  ijnio 
and  his  loiiiiiie  tliat  he  was  wcath  tner  s|(i,(i(i(».  A  lestless, 
^'peclllativ■e  character,  he  was  just  tlie  man  tt»i;raspat  any- 
thinirthat  promised  wealth  and  power.  Ojeda  oll'ered  hini 
the  ( Miief  .liid^^eship  of  his  new  province,  and  in  an  evil  hour 
Kacis(»  invested  his  all  in  the  enterprise. 

Two  rival  ^^'overnors,  .so  well  matched  as  Ojeila  and 
Niciiesa,  :;inl  hotli  possessed  of  sw  el  I  inu;  spirits,  pent  up  in 
small  but  activ(^  bodies,  could  noi  lon.u:  remain  in  a  littlo 
])lace  like  San  Dominu'o  willioiit  some  collision.  They 
qiiai'ieled.  Ojeda  wished  to  setti*'  the  matter  with  his  well- 
tried  sword;  but  Niciiesa  projiosed  that  the  vii-tor  should 
reap  something  for  liis  pains,  and  that  each  should  deposit 
S'J.').!!!!!).  This  is  just  what  the  coiKinerer  of  ('aonal)o  ciaild 
Hot  do,  and  it  .seems  that  no  blood  was  shed  I 

The  iH'h  of  November,  l.")(i!>,  saw  AIoii/o  de  Ojeda  .sail 
from  San  Domingo  with  two  ships,  two  briuantiiies,  and 
tliive  liaiiilred  men.  Francis  I'i/arro  was  on  board,  and  it 
was  illness  alone  that  jtrevented  Hernando  Cortt'/  from  join- 
iiiu'  the  expedition,     'i'he  liarbor  of  ('artlia<ien!i  was  soon 

'  KliiL'  riTiliiiiiml  ilh tiled  Hint  |)iir?  nf  ttin  <'n!itln(nt  which  We*  nloni;  rlic  Nllitiiii«  (if  Pnricu 
llilri  IHo  |irovliiii'».  Ihi'  iMuiiiiliiry  litic  nitiiiiiiL.'  lliroiiL'li  lln>  (iiilf  uf  rr;ih,i.  Tin'  i'n«liTii  iiiirl, 
oxlfiidinv'  111  <'Mlii'  ilr  l:iVi'lii.  vmik  ciillril  N'l'W  .\iiil.ilii«la.  anil  the  I'livi'nunrn'  nf  il  t'lvni  In  i  iji'mIh. 

Till'  iillur.  Ill  till'  \Vi'.«t,  liiuUidiiig  \'vr> i.  illiil  riMiliiii^'  lo  tA{K'  tirathi-  a  Dion,  was  ««>li;iuil  to 

yWWhil. -Il  I  inlj. 


wm 


^jjg  M.o.\/.>  i>r.  o./f:hA. 

,,,„.l„.a'     W.ll    .li.r   III.'   v.'t..n...    1>.'  l:t   TosM    Vtrm-   t1i« 

plarr.  nn.l  I.."  Kuv  (►j-la  -•• -f"'  lv"«'>vl.Mip.  r..,uyn, 

i„^.  ,1...  uailik.'   .liM'">iti<'»  ••'■   ""•  """^•7-      ""•>    ^•"^''^ 
NNiil,  i.:.liM   sunnls.  Im'  Mui.l,  aii.l  WW'-l  »l>''i»'  »««-<'^^^  '"  " 

(|<'inl)v  jMihoii.  , 

()i.'.;i:,    a.Tn,M|-!mi..l  ».y  H-  li'  C'"^".  ^•"""  l;'"-»^   ""I  ;^ 

,;„,..n,isr..:r,..l:m.k.l.     A  nuw.l  of  .nva,.vs  l,u.U..tlM.ml, 

an.llua.lv:,n.v.|,.Mu<...tll...n.     IImIhm.  ordriv.!  unr  o    ,1... 

n.issiotuiil.'s   tn  ,..;i.l  til.'  f^nl.-mii  rnnniila  wliwli  l»^"l    • '» 

i.ivi.»r.'.l  f.)r  Hii.h  :m  ...•.•asimi.     Ii,l.r;.^aii : 

-I     Muii/u  <!.•  Oj.'-la.  s.Tvautnl    iIm'    ln^iii   milI    iiiImIU) 

Kin;rs  ..f  CaHtil.'  au-l   h.nn,  .'ivili/.TM  ..f  Larhanm^  i.ati..iiH. 

tlu.ir    ni.'SH..nu.T    ami    .'ai.taiu.    uMily   mmM    ii.ak..   Kihavm 

to   vou.   in  tl..'   iM'sl   vvay   I  .;....   ll.al    iuu\   uuv  !..,.!.  (M... 

„,,!     Kt.'iunl.    .•.val...l    II...     H.^ivus    ai..l    iIm'    .a-ll..    am 

.„...    ...MM    ana    ..H..    svn.nan.   fn.in   wlam,    y.a.  aia     ^^>•,  an-l 

1,11  III.'  1 1'l"  -I"  " "'•  ^^•''■"  "'"^  '"■"  ••''^'••■'"';"'' 

pro,'m.l...l.  ana   all    tl.—   ul...   ^I.mH   ........  aU-n-s;   Im 

1...   vast     nn-nlH.r    ..f    ,uvn..iati..ns    ul,i..|.    l.av.'    p: <  .•« 

IVoM,  II....U    in    II...  .•...,....   ..!•   n.n.v   ,|,:,„  :...i.i..   y.-a.H  tl.a 

Inv.'  .'IM1.S...I   ^inc'    ll«-    .•ivati-.M   ..f    Hm'   ^^.•ll.l.    ma.l.'   it 
nm.MMarv    ll.at    sun,.'   o\'   tli.-   l.-waai.   ra...  >l.....l.l  .ll^|..•>•so 

i„  on.'  ■.li.v.-lion,  a...l  snuw  \n  a..nih..r,  an.l  that  tl...y 
shniiM  .livia..  fl...i.is..lv.>*  iiil.»  ina.iv  Ui.i,L;(l..n.s  a. ..I  pr..- 
vin<-..s  as  tl.py  .nul.l  nut  sustain  ai..l  pivs..n..  tli...iis..lv..s 

in  <iM..  aliiii.'.  .  ,     < .    1  II 

-Vllth.'sf  pcopl.'H  w.'iv -Iv.  n  in  cliai-vj.y  (....1  .Mif  l/uM. 
to  o>,.'  p-Tson.  nan...  I  St.  V.Wr,  wl...  was  thus  n-uWU.\.ud 
s.MM.ri...- ..!•  all  II..'  P'-Pl"  <•»•  tlH'  ""itli.  an.l  L.-a.!  ..f  H..'  wIh.U 
,„;„„„  li„,.nu'.';  wl...n.  all  sli.ml.l  oLcy.  ^vh..^.^v..  ll...y  n..,d.t 
liv..  an.l  Nvl.at.'V.T  n.i.ul.t  I..'  th.'ir  law,  s.'.'t  ..r  1m.1i..|.  II.' 
...,v..!.in.als..tl...ul...l.'w...l.ir...' Lis  s...Ti....  an.l  .ii.r.s.l...|...n; 

;;„d  ih.M.irl.  h.'  a."sin..l  ll.at  1..'  sl.....M  .'stal.lisli  h.s  .'hau'  in 
IJuni.',  as  a  pla...'  .....st  r.mv.'ni.'nt  for  p.v.'.n.n- tl..' w..rl.l, 
v..t  I..'  p.'.'n.itt.'.l  tl.at  ho  n.i-l.t  ..stal.lisl.  his  <.l.a.r  m  any 
;,tU,.r  part  ..f  tl.,'  u..il.l,  an.l  jn.lK.' nml  K"veniiiU  mUi.nis- 

o:u,  .il'X  ooa.t  n.  for  .!,.■  n  ,,air  of  vc..cl..    l»  ..-V  ...«  ,.ol...la.io..  «a,  IH.cXX.. 


Ip'  niiicfili 
Mm-v   f<>ii;ilit 
mi'tiwH  ill  II 

\rs\H,   mill   !l 

i«l  j::itlM'r»'(l, 

i\  Ollf  of  tin* 
•ll    li;nl     Ix'fll 

Mllil     Illi.ullty 

oiiM  iiutioris, 
i;ikf  known 
V  liOiM.  On*' 
fiirlti.  :iii(l 
[ili(l   Wf.   :iinl 

(|,.S(fll<l<'tl, 

I'lrr   Ks;    lillt 

I'       |(IIH'('('(l('(l 

(>  ycnis  lliMt 
I'M.  iikkIi'  it 
iiil<l  <li>iifrs(' 
III  that  llii'V 
IMS  mill    pio 

I'    tlll'IIISclvt'S 

iiid  dUi'  L<>til. 
imdr  Idiil  iiliil 
I  <i|'  till'  \^  ii"!'' 
i'V  tlii'V  miiilit 
)V  lii'lit'l".     Ill' 

I  jiiri><ilii*rKtn; 

II  \\\>.  cliiiir  in 
iiiu;  till*  \v(irl»l, 
i  chair  in  niiy 
I  all  uiUions — 

nllciit,  nml  I*  tlii'tinly 


ALQMU  //A'  OJkUA. 


WW) 


nnfsrtiiri"*/  ^^»orM,  .T^ws,  0»'iirlif«<.  hihI  wlmfi'ViT  otlifr  •«(  rt 
or  l»i'li«-f  inii;ln  Im',  This  |i»tnmii  whs  ilcnuniititiinl  l'n|i«', 
tliuf  is  lit  Niiy,  Aihiiiiiilih',  Sii|.niin-  j'iithrr  niui  <«iiiiriliiiii. 
Imm-iiiis»<  |i»»  Is  JIh'  fiitli»'r  iiiul  KoviMiior  of  nil  tiiiinUiinl.  This 
Holy  l-'iiihi-r  wns  tilwyt'il  iiiwl  honoifd  us  hnil,  UIiik  nml  mi- 
{H'rior  of  till-  iinivi'i's*-  hy  llio>c  u  hu  IImmI  In  his  limr,  luul  in 

liUf  iniimnT  havf  I n  oliryt'il  iiml  huniitiil  sill  ilinscwho 

liuvt*  •tiTii  ••it'Jti'ij  to  the  |Miniilinif»' ;  ntni  rliiis  ir  lins  ci  ntin- 
iifil  to  th)'  pifsfiit  (lay.  nml  will  « niiliniii' ntilil  llifriiilof 
Ihi'  worl.l.   ...••' 

I  In-  I'luiis  inanift'sto  thm  calls  itn  Ihc  snvnp's  \u  ninli-r 
(.iM'tlit'iicf  to  the  Spniilsh  sovt'iciuiis.   to  ink*'  liiiif  to  cmi 
siih'i-  Ihc  truths  of  the  Catholic  faith,  nml  to  inil>iai'<-  Ihcni; 
nml.  tinally.  thicatciis  thcin  wiih  s.'miv  punishmcnl   in  case 
of  olisiinatc  rcfnsal. 

When  tln'|iiicst  hail  linishcd  icailin^Mhis  (|ociin;iiii.(  i;!'!!;! 
niadi' si,':ns  of  fiifiidshiji.  and  held  np  |iii'scnts.  Tin- liticc, 
diisky  warriors,  howcvir.  were  ikiI  in  In-  thiisciisily  wmi.  As- 
stiniinu'  a  sullen  air.  they  Imidly  sounded  the  nnle  nf  latile. 
The  ciiintnander's  liery  miiiire  wiis  in  a  iiionieiit  aioiisi.d. 
DelaCosii  saw  this,  and  the  |irudent  \eier;in  eiiiiciitd  Ids 
chief  to  al  andoii  n  hostile  shore,  whose  wild  inlialiiian:s 
foiiirht  like  poisniioiis  reptiles.  Hut  in  vain  was  the  uisp 
nd\  ic)>  of  tile  fnilhfiil  old  pilot. 

Ojedii  hastily  hieatliedn  prayer  to  his  lleavenlv  I 'a  tn  mess, 
brandished  his  sword,  and  nislifd  on  ihi-  savat^es.  The 
lirave  he  la  Cosji  and  others  I'diluwcd.  In  a  few  tidiiiites 
the  rout  was  complete.  Nor  was  ihis  all.  Oji'-dn  pni-iud 
the  llyinu'  Indians  some  ten  or  twelve  miles  inio  ilii>  iiiiciitir, 
in  spite  of  the  remonstrances  of  his  more  prmleiii  lieiiieimiir, 
uho  never  left  his  side.  .\|  last,  they  came  to  ii  slroiiuheld 
(tf  the  enemy.  It  was  in  ii  deiee  wood.  Willi  the  old 
Castilian  war-cry  of  '•San  .lairol'  on  his  lips,  the  Con- 
(pieror  of  Caonaho  led  his  jiieii,  and  char,<rcd  furiously  on 

•  K  will  (IniilillcM  he  n'momlicri'il  Mint  wtwn  (he  nlm  "■  •  iiL'iiliir  iliKiimint  \mi«  |>riiiii  <I  ilnn- 
wcri'  11(1  I'niti-laiiN  In  cvi-lciin'  llii-  viry  iiann-  tt;i»  nnkiKiHii.  Tin-  uumI-  i  ,if/,i,tir  niicl  r/nln- 
lliiii  ucrc  (lien  ^'.'loiivtiiiiii"  mill  liiirri'liiiiii.'i'al>li'  Irriii-i. 

''  'I'hr  rtliiilr  ipf  iliH  niiiii'i'"  (loi-iini  Ml  citi  In'  fn  iiiij  In  Ildhcrt-ioiri.  "llls'lorj  of  .\m(  rlc:i,"  i;(ilo 
!£);  or  111  IrNJii^'a  "  Lift.'  and  Vojagi's  of  I'oltiiiibiiK,"  .\|i|ii'iiilix, 


I 


91 N) 


AlOi 


OJf!n.\. 


thM  ..nriv„..|,.M|  ln.ll.iriH.  Th.-  .um.«.".  tl.-.l  In  t.-rmr,  mA  th« 
WhIi  umnnil  >v»h  .•onllnH.-l,  Kv-iilim  f.miMl  lli.-  Spun  ni.U 
in  u  vlll.i«.<  wliMH..  Inlml.liuiiis  liml  luU.i.  i..  tl...  nHKhlH.r 
1,,^  n.oUM.Ml....  Caivl.-ly  .livi.lh.«  In...  I.an.h.  ilM-y  mv... 
HiMM.i  r...M.  hou...  !u  l.'.n-s  un.l  M.'1/.M.l  on  ..v..|>«liinK  .f 
vahi...  WhII..  Huih  ..nK:•^.Ml,  un  uiniy  of  In-llun.  .Ium.hI  <„. 
th..  Mnift.-iva  M.MlHK.  KvivwIm-i.'  iIuv  «.„■  M,.l.l...ily  ^nr- 
,„„„,l.-.|  Th..  S,MMlui.h  rn.iulit  Ilk.-  Il..ns  I'ui  uM.i^li.-hn.Ml 
In  nuMil-...  Hi.'V  f.-ll,  ..„..  I.y  nn.s  l..'n.-ufU  iho  In-uvy  wui'. 
rlulM  ..u.l  th..  |.nl.o.i.Ml'ain.«H  ..f  III.'  ..nmn.'.l  HUvnK..s. 

Wluit.  I am.'  of  III.'  pr.u.V-  <'^  <•"'  I*'*''*''''''  ^  ''>i'"-    *'" 

tl...  tits,  i.lnt.n.  ()j.'-h.  .•n||....t..,l  a  f.-w  ...Mi.'.s  an.l  ..ns.;on....l 
hi,„s..ir  within  a  .mall  .n.losm...  Mun-aiiMl.Ml  hy  palwi.U.H. 
II,.,..  h..  NvaH  r|..M."lv  h.'.sU.«.'.l  and  Kall-.l  by   lli>xl>tH  •»!  ar- 
i„vvH      II.'  ilin'w  hlm-H.-ir  ..n  his  Un.'.'s.  .•<.v..|v.l  hin.N'lf  uiili 
hlsl)U<-kl..r.  anJ.  Mwa  <*i«':«1I  aii.l  a.-tiv...  nianap-.l  In  piohri 
hi,Ms..ir   riun.  th..  .l.'a.lly  ,sli..w.'f.  Ih.I    all    his   y""M;'";"'»^ 
«..ivH|i.in  l.v  hissi.h'.  ^..in..  ..r  th.-ni  p.-iiHhliiKln  riiKlitfitl 
nu..ni..s.'     At  this  r.-airul  M.nn..-i.f  th..  v..t.'mn  !>.'  lun.sa, 
l.Mvlii-  h.-anl  ..r  tl...  p.'iil  '>r  hiMnmnnan.l.T,  ariiv.'.l  with  a 
f,.w  lolluu.'iH  t..  his  asHi^iiin.'...     SiMti..irm-  hini^.'ll  at  ili.j 
Ui,l,.ur  Ih.'  palisa.l.'s,  th..  brav.'  His.-ayan  k.-pt  th.'  savai:..s 
lit  hav,  until  nmst  ..f  his  ni.-n  w.'i.'  slain,  an.l  Ih-  hinis.'ll  was 
«,.v.Mvly    >v..nn.l.'.l.     .Inst   tli.'ii  (),K'<la  spraim   l..iih   Ilk.,  si 
tiii.-r  iiHH  th..  n.i.lst of  th..  ."n.-iny,  .l.-alin;.-  his  bh.w.s  .ni  .'v.'iy 
Hi.l.«.     I).' la  (;..sii  NVM.il.l  ha\..  s.'.-<.n<l.'a  l<Ini,  I'Ut  was  .-np. 
,A..M  l.v  his  wunn.ls.     Il-  t....k  i.-fni';.^  with  iIih  ivn.nar  i  n 
his  ni.'ii  in  an  In.lian  .-abin,  th."  sin.u  n.-.i  ..f  whhh  h..a..l.-.l 
th.'ni  to  thfow  ..ir.  l.'st  th."  ..n.-niy  slionhl  s.-t  it  ..n  hiv. 

II,.iv  1...  .l.-r.-n.!...!  hinis.'ir  until  all  his  .•..nira.U's  luit  nm 
V..IV  .l..Ht.ov.'.l.     Th..  snhtl.^  p..ls..n  of  his  wonn.ls  at  U.nKtIi 

«vern.)w..iv.'l   him,   an<l   h"   sank    to   th.'  p.Min.l.     I \m 

»i,.,ih  at  han.k  1...  .-alh-l  t..  his  only  sunivin-  companion. 
-  |',roth..f  "  said  h...  '"siiKv  dod  has  prol.-cl.-.l  y..n  In.m 
harm,  suily  bath  an.l  lly,  and  if  .'ver  you  should  see  Al.m/.o 


>  TU,.  ,r.,,r„rn  «i.h  «l.lrh  th-  Sonth  An...rln.n  Ti.MInn- fmUnn  thHr  Hrrnw-J- «  varNy  o 


T| 


M.OSXO  l)i:  nif.ti.1 


yul 


rur,  iin<l  tl»« 

It'   tirlwIllMir- 

,  tiM'y  lovftl 
I'lythluK  of 
i!4  I'toM'd  on 
iddi'iily  Hiir- 
m'IwIu'IiiumI 
lii'tivy  wur- 

\\\)i.\\\'.    On 

1(1  t'lisrolin'tl 
y  pnlhaiU'H. 
lijihlH  of  III'- 
liiiii^"ir  wllli 

I>||    |U    pl'Otl'i'l 

ronipaiiinim 
;  III  I'riKliH'iil 

I»»'    III  CoMI, 

rived  willt  11 

IllSt'lf    lit     tilt) 
t  tilt'   MUVIIirt'H 

I"  liimst'll'was 
I'oi'ili  liUt'  u 
oNVM  oil  tnt'iy 
>ut  was  (lip- 
It  ivniiinn  o£ 
liltli  lit'aiili'd 
on  tiic. 
adcM  hut  onH 
lids  at  It'ii^^tll 
md.  Ft't'liiiK' 
Li  cKiiipaiiioii. 
Ifd  you  I'i'om 
lid  ^^'♦»  Alonzo 


tIfOJtMlii,  till  Itliii  of  my  rail'!"  AimI  tliun  tllfd  ilif  klifl 
and  liiiiil\  \flfian.  .lolm  ijf  la  dfoi,  di'vtttcd,  fftirli'n^  faith 
fill,  and  unllintliinu;  to  ilif  lait  ko"*!*- 

'I'lit*  Spaniards  who  ifinaltifti  ttii  lln*  MliipH  wtTt*  itiaitiifti 
at  Ihf  loiiK  di'liiy  of  thtdi'  t'oinniaiiiU  r  anil  hh  di'tin  hnifiit  In 
llit>  Intfiioi*.  hays  piiNM«>«|,  hut  tlit>  ah<^fnt  app«>ai't'<l  ntit. 
Sfaii  h  wnx  thfii  iiiiidi',  and  nottn  Kht-n  up  in  ili"4paii'.  Otit* 
day,  howfvt'i',  as  a  pally  \\t'it«  f(»aslin]L(  alon)X,  Ihfy  fanH'  lt»  u 
di'iDHf  fori'>it  of  niaiiKi'ovit  tift's  that  llii«>il  tin*  nIhui*.'  in 
liiti  dhtaiK'tt  Hi'fiiifd  II  hiitiiati  ll/jfutt*  lyin^  mi  thf  niat 
tt'd  DMtts.  Thf  nii'ii  di't'vv  laar.aiKl  fotrid  Alon/o  i|f  Ojrda  ! 
lit- v\as  .si»'i'fhli'st,  hut  Mtlll  ItriiM'ly  Mii'^l"'"'  his  .s\\t»hl  iiinl 
ItitikltT.  \  Ili'H  wiiM  nitidf,  food  and  wiiif  Kivt-n  hlin,  and 
in  u  litth*  whilt*  tilt*  hi't'o  ifcovt'iiMl.  iit>  tohl  his  astoiiisht'd 
iit'iiit'is  how,  afti'i'  Im'  had  siifcci'dt'd  in  ciiflinix  n  passapt 
lliriMiu'h  fi'owds  til'  liitliaiis,  that  hf  I'uiind  hiiiist<|f  alont>  in 
tht«  HiiviiK**  NNlldt'riifMM.  iit>  dt'ploifd  Ids  rashufss,  and  ills 
iifiii't  was  I't'inly  lo  hi't'iik  when  In*  iccallt'd  thf  awful  fati>  tif 
his  I'ailhriil  rttllowt'i's,  and,  aliovf  all,  thf  intifpid  l>f  laCosa. 
lie  Itiildly  piishfd  on,  howfVfi',  and  .stnn-U  tlit>  coast  liiif, 
which  hf  fiidfavori'd  to  follow  in  i>rdfi'  to  icacli  tlit>  Nhlps. 
lint  his  niarvflon.s  sti'fii^th  KitvtMvay,  and  at  Icn^'lh  hf  fell 
liiilf  ilfMtl  to  ihf  failh.  Hf  iittiil)iilf(|  his  fscapf  to  ihf  lin- 
niaciilatf  \  iixiu;  i"i<l  it  'iiiiiiot  hf  dcnifd  that  it  was  ii(»tli- 
iiiK  short  of  niiraciilons.  Not  a  scratch  niarkfd  his  pt-ison, 
tlionuli  "his  hiicUlfr  hoio  tlio  dints  of  upwards  t»f  llirfo 
linndi'fd  lui'owsl'' 

•  Irxliitf.  » 

'  Miinirrmf  irn'«  nri-  fnmwl  nil  ninn;;  itu-  -hnri'"  nf  ih<>  trnplo,  rrMitInc  In  tho  mud,  and  funning 
d«UiHi  furinU  tivvu  ut  tliu  vvrgv  uf  lliv  ot,vM\,  uud  Livluw  UlgU  uuur  uutk. 


irrnwK.  I»  r»  vnrU'ty  of 
iiivduc*  iitatk;  j'ut  It 


CHAPT^.H   IV. 

Tiir:  cunDs  <iATiii;u  in  tiii.  sky  of  i.ift!. 

The  Coluiii/  of  ><(iii  S'hns'ffoii  —  Afh'rn/i/ns  --fi/r(hr 
Woinifh'd—Vo)/(t!/(i  au<l  Hhlinn-tck-A  /varfitl  nKirch 
throuiih  ho{i  '<(it(.'  forrsf  T//r  pHxrc  of  tli"  llohl 
\lr(j]n—i>Ji<his  vnUoiij—Aiuvdulc—Thr.  vud  <>/  <t. 
slirriiifj  life. 

Bkldiug  adiou  to  tho  liostilc  sIk.ivs  which  liii«l  just  wit- 
lU'sscd  liis  niisloitiiiu's  iiii'l  llicsad  lute  of  his  companions, 
Ojcila  siiilcd  across  tlie  (fiilt",  ainl  Ix-nan  iiis  scttlciiiciit  on  tlio 
coast  of  Daricn  lie  sdccteil  a  si.iialilf  site,  and  lonndcd  a 
town,  .uivin.u'  it  thi'  naini'oi'  Siii  SrI/ifs:/ ;<///,  '•  in  honor  of  th(^ 
siuntt'd  niarlyr,  who  was  slain  iiy  ari'ows.  iioi>iiiv;  tiiat  lie 
nii.^lit  jirotcct  till' inhabitants  i'roni  iln' (>inpoisoiic(l  Nhal'isoi" 
the  sava.ncs."  i>y  Icticr  to  llispanioia,  he  nrp'(l  the  law 
vci",  Dc  l"'n<'iso.  to  li'.istcn  to  the  m-w  scat  of  Lrc'vcrnnicnt. 
iind  to  brini;  with  liiin  tlic  men.  materials  and  jirovisions 
necessary  t(»  Imiid  np  the  iniant  colony. 

The  (iov»;rnor  next  turned  ids  thouijlds  to  cxploiinu:  tlici 
wihl  reiiion  tliat  lay  ar(!und  him,  I)ut  certainly  did  not  ac 
knowlcd.uc  his  rule  'riie  natives  proved  wai'iilve  In  tiieir 
excursions  throu,u;li  the  woods,  the  Spaniards  were  often  at- 
tacked, and  iigain  tho  poisoned  arrows  worked  destiuction, 
iind  fdled  them  with  terror.  On  one  occasion  the  savap's, 
witli  hid(>ous  yells  and  wild  triumi)h,  i)uisued  a  i>arty  of  sol- 
diers nj)  to  the  rud<^  walls  of  San  Sebastian.  ]''vils  appear<'il 
to  multiply  Provisions  j^rew  scarc(\  Misfoitune  never 
conies   alone. 

As  the  colonists  p-i'ew  weaker,  the  Indians  incieased  in 

boldness.     But  there  was  one  thinii' that  never  chanued.     Ft 

was  the  diiuntless  s])irit  of  ()j«''da.     He  re])eatedly  sallied 

forth  at  the  head  of  his  men,  and  being  remarkably  swift  of 

203 


T 


AT.os'/n  hEn.n:i).\ 


2<):i 


/TV  —  (ijhhi 
r/iil  iiKirrh 
/'  ///'  /A'/// 
:    rud    of   (I 


ni'l  just  wit- 
('iiin[»;mi(i!is, 
ciiu'iit  (III  flir 
id  loiimlci!  a 
limioi'  (if  tiu' 
[liii.ij;  tiiat  li<> 
lied  slial'ls  til' 
_'('(l   lilt'  law 

iroVClMIIH'llt. 

id  iiiovisiolis 

'X]>l«>i'iii,u"  tlic 
y  did  not  ac 
k(>  In  tlit'ii" 
ere  oi'h'ii  at- 
[  destruction, 
llic  savaii'cs, 
I  ]>arty  •»!'  sol- 
vils  aiiiH'aivd 
irtiiiic    iit'ver 

JTicivascd  ill 
cliaiiucd.  It 
Icdly  sallit'<l 
lablv  swift  of 


foot,  ho  was  nlway.s  fli(>  lirst  to  iiiak.'  tlio  savacroH  fi'cl  thf 
wt'iirlit  of  Ids  blows.  "  lit'  sNmv  iiioiv  of  tlM'ir  waiiiois  with 
liis  sill!.':!*'  anil,"   wiit<'s    Iiviiiu'.   ••than   all    his    followiT.s 

toiiVtll.'f." 

The  fact  that  they  could  iicvcr  wound  hini.  and  tin*  stories 
of  soiiic  iiri-ioiirr.s.  led  the  Indians  to  iniayine  that  lie  iiiiisf, 

Innca.  char) I  lifr.     A  plot  was  niadc  to  test  tlio  truth  of 

the  stoiy.  While  a  niinilier  approached  the  town  as  a  decoy, 
four  sUilfiil  warriors  lay  in  aniliiish,  well  aniied  with  a, 
stock  of  poisoned  arrows.  Ojeda.  as  usual,  yave  ehase.  and 
the  lii.li;i||S  hastily  retreated.  W'iieii  the  split  V..e;  leached, 
:i  \(»lley  of  deadly  shafts  ponied  on  the  feinless  cavalier. 
(I  le  eiii.  led  his  tliiyli,  and  t';e  diisky  scoundrels  ran  away, 
niakinn-  tln'  woods  resound  with  their  yells  of  tiiuinph. 

Death  appear"d  certain,  and  the  hold  coniinander.nho  was 
never  woiiiidfd  before,  now  lay  on  a  bed  of  a.uoiiy.  Wo, 
rhouiihr  of  a  remedy,  l)ut  it  was  a  leiiiiih'  one.  lie  ordered 
two  iron  plaii's  lo  be  raised  to  ;i  white  heat.  and.  calling'  the 
surgeon,  he  eoiniiKinded  him  under  jiain  of  death  to  apply 
them  to  the  iw(»  opeiiiims  made  l>y  Mie  arrow.  The  siiiufon, 
after  some  hesitation,  complied,  and  Ojeda  eiidmed  this 
friuhtful  ojieiniioii  with(.ut  a  murmur.  Time  healed  the 
woiiiid.  and  the  savaues,  it  may  be  supposed,  were  more  than 
astonished  as  they  felt  the  weight  of  his  ir<m  aim.  auaiii 
iind  auain. 

One  .lay  a  sliip  arrived  in  San  S(«bastian.  The  joy  of  all 
was, meat,  as  they  thought  it  was  lawyer  i)e  Knciso.  with  a 
store  of  provisions  from  San  Domingo.  .\l;isl  they  were 
doomed  to  disnppointnient.  The  vessel  was  commanded  by 
on.'  Talavnra,  ;i  man  of  reckless  character,  and  his  crew  weiv 
little  ])etter  than  downri.ulit  freebooters.  Ojechi,  however. 
])urc!iast'd  some  provisions  for  his  st!irvin<i^  colony  ;  l»ut.  iiiii 
short  time,  as  no  succor  arrived,  he  resolved  to  sail  for  llis- 
paniola  himself.  Leaviuii;  Frnicis  I'izarro  in  command  of 
San  Sebastian,  lie  boarded  Talavara'a  vessel  and  sfood  for 
San  Dominiro. 

It  was  a  most  disastrous  voya'^o.  Ojeda.  who  was  accus- 
tomed to  coninumd,  souu  had  a  di^piito  with  the  cai)tain, 


a 


204 


Moyy.o  DE  o.il:n.\. 


and  a  (iiuinvl  nros.-  Tl..-  C.iuiu.'ror  of  (':i<»n:il>i)  would 
HiM...dily  liMV.'  s.'itU'd  tlu'  question  l>y  liis  Hwoid,  but  li»'  luul 
til.'  wliol.'  vMualM.ud  civw  ii-ainst  liiiis,  wlio  ovcrpowcivd 
liini  with  nunilMTs  iuid  threw  linu  iu  in»ns.  Sliil  his  swcll- 
iu"-  spint  was  uusuLilu.- 1.  11'  iwUcd  Tahivara  and  his 
^ran.r  as  iv:'r.>ants,  traitors,  piiat.'s.  mid  ollVn-d  to  ll.uiit  tiic 
wh.'ii.'ol'  th.'in  su.ri'ssivcly,  pn.viih'd  thi'v  u.ml.l  -iv  h'.i.i 
a  H.'ir  d.'.',<  an  1  com;'  on  two  at  a  lini.'.  .Noiwirustandin-' 
hisdlminutiv.'si/r,  they  had  too  high  an  idea  of  his  i.n.w- 
t'ss,  andliad  heard  too  inu<'li  of  his  exph.its,  to  accept  Ins 
..lialh'ii.L-c  ,  so  tliey  kt'pt  him  ra.i-in-  in  liis  chains,  while  they 
i)iU'sueil  tlieir  voya,!,^'.' 

V  storm  soon  hrou-ht  the  bnn-liu-  'lalavara  and  his 
j.  iK.raut  crew  to  their  senses.  In  tiie  midst  of  tlie  (h.n-er 
thev  tliom;lit  of  Oieda.  who  was  a  sailor  as  well  as  a  soldier. 
Ills'  irons'were  taken  oil.  (m  condition  that  he  would  pilot 
the  vessel  diiriu-x  the  r.'mainder  ot  the  voya-e.  He  sei/.ed 
the  helm  but  no  human  skill  could  now  battle  successrully 
a<-ainst  the  powerful  scpialls  and  advers<>  currents  that  beset 
tiie  tempest-tosseil  vessel  It  was  completely  shattered,  and 
the  best  the  hardy  pilot  could  do  was  '  to  run  it  ashore  on 
the  southern  coast  of  Cuba.'" 

There  was  now  but  one  course  open  to  tiie  unhappy  cast- 
ji^vays— to  push  (m  to  the  eastern  extivmity  of  Cuba,  and 
then    if  i)ossible,  to  lind  some  means  of  crossing'  the  strait  to 
Hisp'aniola      The  march  beuan      Over  bog.  and  ])lain,  and 
forest   and  mountain,  the  exhausted  travelers  pursued  their 
wild  and  wearv  ionrnev.  meeting  neitlu'r  road  mn-  pathway. 
The  master-spirit    ..f   Ojcda   lessened   the   difliculties,  and, 
fn.ni  time  to  tim',  cheered  the  gloomy  wretches  who  toiled 
behind   his  small   but  dauntless  figure.     The  suir.'ring  was 
t.M-rible.     Hunger  and    thirst    gnawed    to    the  very   bone. 
Alarshes  abounded,  and  mtiny  rivers  were  to  be  crossed.     It 
was  only  safe  to  sleep  in  the  branches  of  the  trees,     home 
of  the  men  daily  sank  bem'ath  the  burden  of  their  miseries 
while  others  were  drowned  in  swimming  the  rivers.     At 
length,  their  situation  became  truly  awful.     A  1)onndh'S3 

>  irviu!,'. 


ALOSZO  DE  0./f:i).[. 


'ion 


ijibo  would 
l)ilt  lit>  li:iil 
^crjinwt'i't'tl 
his  swrll- 
•;i  and    liiM 

0  li<i-ht  tlio 
d  ,u,iv('  liim 
i.'listaiuliiig' 
[  his  prow- 

Dcccpi  his 
whilo  they 

ira  and  his 
th(!  (hingor 
IS  a  s()ldi«M', 
would  i)il<>t 
Up  sri/t'd 
surct'ssrully 
s  tliat  beset 
itteved.  and 
it  asliuie  on 

duippy  cast- 

r  Culm,  and 

the  strait  to 

1  ])lain,  and 
ursued  their 
or  pathway, 
t'ulties,  and, 
s  who  toiled 
uiTerin*'-  was 

very  bone. 

crossed.  It 
trees.  Some 
leir  miseries, 
1  rivers.  At 
A  boundless 


ninrsli  barred  their  pr(),^nvss,  and  the  hist  nI,„„nerof  ]i()i)e 
almost  died  away. 

().|e(hi  alone  kept  up  a  resolute  si)irit.  He  had  the  dear 
litth;  Flemish  jiaintiu^-  (»f  (he  MiKh.niui,  which  was  ^iveii  him 
by  Bishop  Fonseca  carefully  stored  umon<j:  the  provisions 
in  his  knapsack.  Whenever  he  stopped  to  rejjose  amon^^  (he 
roots  (;f  the  mauf'-rove  trees,  he  took  out  this  i)recious  pic 
tnre,  placed  it  amon<(  the  branches,  and  kneelinn-.  j^rayed 
devoutly  to  the  Immaculate  Viruin  for  protection  This  he 
did  reiK-atedly  in  the  course  of  the  day,  and  prevailed  upon 
liis  conii)anions  to  follow  liis  examjyle. 

2sor  did  his  resolute  i)iety  stop  here.  At  a  moment  ot 
great  despondency,  he  made  a  solemn  vow  t(«  his  Holy 
Patroness  that  if  she  conducted  him  alive  tlironf,di  this  ))eril, 
he  would  erect  a  chapel  at  the  lirst  Indian  village  he  should 
arrive  at,  and  leave  her  i)icture  there  to  remain  an  object  of 
veneration  to  the  simi)le  chihlren  of  the  forest. 

Led  by  the  iron  Ojeda,  the  weary  and  famished  travelers 
succeeded  after  thirty  days  of  toil  and  siiU'erin^',  ])erhai)S 
scarcely  ever  equaled,  in  cutting  their  way  throii<ih  the 
frightful  morass— about  ninety  miles  in  extent.  A  foot{iath 
appeared  in  the  distance.  They  followed  it,  and  came  to  an 
Indian  villa/jfe.  Out  of  the  seventy  men  that  left  the  ship, 
but  thirty- live  now  survived.  The  cacique  lavished  every 
kindness  on  the  exhausted  Si)aniards,  and  the  p)od,  simj)le 
Indians  consoled  them  in  every  way  in  their  jiower,  "and,"' 
says  Las  Casas  "almost  worshiped  them  as  if  they  had 
had  been  an<?els.'^ 

When  Oje(hi  was  once  more  restored  to  health,  he  pre- 
pared to  fultill  his  vow.  A  little  chapel  was  built  in  the 
village,  and  an  altar  placed  therein.  Above  the  altar  he 
carefully  liiing  the  Flemish  painting  of  the  Holy  Virgin, 
•wliich  for  so  many  years  was  his  cherished  and  insejiarable 
companion  on  sea  and  land,  in  danger  and  misfoi-tune,  and 
which  lie  loved  as  a  friend  dear  to  his  heart  and  precious  to 
liis  soul.  lie  then  called  the  Indian  chief,  and  explained  to 
him  the  principal  truths  of  the  Catholic  faith  and  the  his- 
tory of  the  Immaculate  A'irgin,  dwelling  especially  on  her 


MOSZO  DE  Ojfi.lKX. 


l„v..  lor  the  l.immnimv,inul  li.-r  giv;it  dlgiuty  an  theM<.th.'r 

'  Tlh'  rlii.'f  list.'ii.'d  with  piofoimd  sithMitioii,  mid.  im  <l<»iil.t, 
,li,|  his  l.cst  to  iiii.l.'r,sl:m<l.  II.m'oikvIv.'.I  a  i.rofouiul  v.-ii.'- 
iUi..ii  I'o"  111 '  pH'tmv.  Til.'  s.Miliiii.'iit  was  shiiivd  by  his 
sul.i.'cts      Tli-v  k.'pt  til.'  litlh'  oratory  always  swt'pt  rh-aii, 

.,,,.1  .1 rat.'.rwilli  cotton  lian-iii--^  lal...r.'.l  hy  tli.-ir  own 

in.i.ls.  i.ii.l  Willi  v:.ri..i.s  votiv.-  .•IVrrin^s.  'I'h.'y  n.inpns.'.l 
,.,,iipl..ts  in  h..iior<.f  Ih.'  Virgin  Moth.-r,  which  thoy  sau-' to 
,1„.  :i,.ro.i.p;.nim.'iit  of  ru.h'  ninsical  instninu'nts.  (hmciii- 
lo  Ih,'  somi.l  un.lcr  iho  groves  which  suiTouiulfd  the  lu-r- 

NVh.'U  Oi.'da  ivach.'.l  San  D.nningo,  his  liist  iiKpiiry  wiis 
all.'r  Kiici'so.  ll.-  h-anicl  that  the  aspirin-  lawyrr  h:i,l 
sail.-d  lor  San  S.-hastian;  but  in  vain  di.l  tli."  impatient 
(Jov.-inor  wait  ior  ti.liiigs  ol'  his  arrival  at  th<'  colony. 
Failmv  also  att.'n.h'.l  his  .'iV-irts  t.)  lit  onl  aiDther  aiinaiii.'nt. 
Oii.'v.'rv  handsncc.'ssappi'ar.'d  to«'vad«'  his  grasp;  and  th<' 
(•on.pi.'r.»r  of  (.;at)nalM)  r.)iind  that  the  frii'iidship  of  those 
who  .-airy  L.iig  piirs.'s  grows  cohl,  as  the  clouds  of  niis- 
forliiiit'  ualli'i'  in  th.*  sky  of  life 

liy  his  testimony  at  lh.>  trial  of  Talavara,  Oj.'da  drew 
iip..n  his  d.'vot.'ilhl'adth.' vengeance  of  a  nnmli.T  of  iiillians 
in  San  Doming.i.  One  night  they  waylaid  th.'  Ion.'  cavaln'r 
and  rushed  to' attack  him;  but  they  quickly  found  to  their 
cost  that  they  liad  mad.' a  serious  mistake.     In  a  moment 

\  fmlhi-  aiiirilof..  rornvrniiii.'  tlil<  r.llr  may  not  hr  iinarr.T.liit.lc  line.    The  vrn.  nlil.'  ni^l">I> 
I  \.  Ci-i.   «li.>  n.M.rfN  ll.c  fniv-.iin-  fail-.  Iiiforin-  ii^  thai  !»•  airivcl  al  111.'  villa-c  ^oirir  liiiio 
uf.rr  111.'  .i.'l.ailiir,'  ..t  0]('M.     \h-  f.mi..!  Ilir  oralory  pr.'Mm.l  will,  iIh'  tiu.m  r.lii.'i.m.  can'  an  a 
Ki.r.'.l  i.lai'.',  an,\  Mi.'  inriiu-,'  of  tl.c  linina.nlal.'  Mo,h,r  r.'i;anl..l  will,  f-nd  a.loralion,    I  l.c  [".or 
In.liai.s  .■r..»,l.-,l  t..  alien,!  Ma--,  whirl.  !..•  r,'l..hrnt<'.l  al  th.'  al.ar;  th.y  lisl.'n.'.l  ..It.nm.'ly  ." 
hi-pal.n.al  in-ln..li<.n-.  an.l  i.l  hi-  r.■.l...■^l  l.r.a.L'hl  Ih.ir  .'hil<l.r..  I..  !>.'  hapliz.'.l.    Th.'  ^'"...I 
1  .H  t'a-^a-,  l.avi.,LM,..anl  n....h  ..f  lhi^  fa....a.M  r.lir  of  Oj.-.la.  «,.»  (l."-ir.a.^  of  ol.lainim;  im.s.smo.i 

of  ii.  .....1  olT..n..l  fo  u'iv.'  11..'  .a.!.,...',  in  .'X.l.nnL'.'.  an  in.ap'  of  ih-  Bl.'-..'.!  Vla-ii.  whl.  1,  h.-  ha.l 

l,r....'hl  will.  hi....    Th.'  .hi.fiain  n.,..t.'  ...  .'vasiv  an.-w.'r.  an.l  s.  .-.n.'.l  n....l.  tro..hl.'.l  in  mi...l. 

Th.'  ..-M  n...r..i..i.'  h.'  .li.l  n..l  n.ak.'  hi"  api ran.'.',     l.as  Ca-a.^  w.nl  K.  11..'  oraL.ry  l..  nay  ^..^s 

I...I  fo,...<l  11..'  aliar  ^irlpi,.',!  of  lis  pr...i....-  r.'li.'.  On  i...p.lrl..u'.  1..'  h',.r...'<l  that  in  Ih.-  niirht  th.^ 
rarii.i...  hail  iV.i  I"  Ih.'  wo.-.l-.  la'arln- off  with  him  his  h.'lov.'.l  pi.n.r.' of  Ih.' Holy  \  rein.  It 
WH-  In  vain  that  I.a-  e.-.w,-'  »-M  m.'".'n..'.'rs  afl.T  him,  ar.s,.rii.L'  hi...  that  h.'  ►h.-ahl  ..•'l  1>.'  <  .- 
nriv.'.l  of  th.'  r.'li.'.  h..t  on  th.'  .'ot.lrary.  that  th.'  in.i.L'.'  -honhl  llk.'W  Uv  1..'  pr.'M'nl.'.l  I..  ."'■  I  "" 
ra.'i.p..'  n'fn«'.l  l<>  v.'i.mr.'  from  th.'  fasin.'s«'«  of  tl..'  fon'-t.  nor  .11.1  1..'  nl.irn  t..  his  villaijc'  unU 
ti>|.l'ii'.'  thf  pictiir.'  in  tl.i'  oratory  .intil  uf ter  tUo  dcpt  .urt'  of  tU«  Spai.luras.-//'f./i3.  .       ' 


L--J-LlUU^'A'ill!»l'"^' 


tlK'Motlu'r 

t,  IK)  (lollltt, 
round  vciu'- 
11  It '(I  l)y  liis 
wt'pt  clfnii, 
y  tlit'ir  own 
y  fiiin|)().st'(l 
lu'V  sn\\}X  to 
ts.  (liinrin^- 
rd  [In'  lu'i- 

iiKiniiy  was 
lawyri'  had 
f  inipaticut 
the  cdltiny. 
larinaiiifiit. 
isj*;  and  the 
lip  of   lllOSH 

luds  ol'  luis- 

()j(''da  drew 
■r  of  niKians 
loMi'  cavalit'i' 
iind  to  tlicii' 
n  a  iuoin*-nt 


lie  vcmmJilc  BlHlKip 
lie  villaL'i'  i-oiiii'  till'' 
-t  ri'livrion-  ciirr  iih  ii 
iiiliiralioii.  TiK'  l"i<ir 
k|i'ni<l  iilliiiliM'ly  to 
Implizrd.  Till'  (.'ond 
'  (ililainint'  pdwfsion 
Vlrt'iii  w1il(  li  111-  lull! 
ill  triMilili'd  in  mliid. 
oratory  to  say  Mukk, 
tliat  In  till'  iiiu'lit  till! 
till'  Holy  Vri-lii.  It 
lie  should  Il'il  l>r  dc- 
VM'titrd  1(1  liili.  Till! 
rii  to  Ills  villuiJi'  uimI 
—Iniiig. 


AiJLS'/.a  n/'j  ojf.n.i. 


'2(17 


OjiMla's  sword  flaslitMl  from  its  srahhard,  and  h»?  proved 
iMoro  tliaii  ii  niafch  for  tlif  wliolt-  jj;aii<;.  Nor  was  this  all. 
Aft«'r  chastisin'^  .lit'  vaualtonds,  he  ]»iirsii('d  tlit'iii  throiiuli 
tht*  stri't^ts,  anil  thfii  tpiii'tly  rt'tnriit'd  tt)  his  rt'sidt-nct'. 

The  last  years  of  our  heio  are  shrondeil  in  poverty  and 
ohsciirity.  Hut  his  end  was  marked  J)y  the  huniMe  piety  of 
a  lti'a\e  Cliiistian  cavalier.  Reli^ijon,  which  in  mon^  pros- 
jx'i'oiis  days  had  shone  on  his  wild  and  advt'ntnrous  path- 
way, still  cheered  his  iidrepid  spirit  and  hri^diteneil  the  last 
houi's  of  life.  Humility  and  true  valor  are  commonly  found 
insejiarahle.  In  exjiiation  of  his  jiast  juide,  Ojeda  re- 
quested, with  dyinj^  lips,  lo  bt;  buried  under  the  portal  ot 
the  monastery  of  St.  Francis,  at  San  Homin^'o,  "that  every 
one  who  entered  nii<;ht  treai!  up(»n  his  jicrave."  And  thus 
l)as::ed  away  from  this  world  .Monzo  de  Oji''da,  the  prot(''<i('« 
of  the  lilessed  N'ii'^in,  the  Comiueror  of  (Jaonabo,  the  fear- 
less leader  of  many  a  liold  and  despj-rale  chai'^e,  and  one  of 
tlie  most  dauntle.ss  men  that  ever  stood  on  the  shores  of  the 
New  World. 

"  Who  does  not  forget  his  errors  and  his  faults,"  writes 
Trvinir,  "at  the  threshold  of  his  liumbh^  and  untimely 
gravel'  He  was  one  of  the  most  fearless  and  aspin'ng  of  the 
band  of  'Ocean  chivalry,'  that  followed  the  footsteps  of 
Ctdumbus.  His  story  ju'esents  a  lively  picture  of  tht^  daring 
enterprises,  the  extravagant  exploits,  the  thousaml  accidents 
by  Hood  and  Held,  which  clieckered  the  life  of  a  Spanish 
cavalier  in  that  roving  and  romantic  age." 


>  Arrordini;  to  the  bcKt  autliofitlt'8,  the  dutu  of  Ojiida'ti  death  was  1510  ar  1511.    lie  was  nbuut 
forty-flve  years  ot  iige. 


I 


VASCU  \V\EZ  \)\l  I^M.HOA, 

DISCOVKIll-.U  OF  Tin;  PACIFIC  OCK.VN.' 


CHAl'TKll   I. 

EAUI.V    UVK   AND    Al)\  KXTIUF.S. 

liirth -Voi/KW  lo  AiiHi'!r(i~-Iht!hini  i(s  a  farmer — An  an 
atlrfHliin'r—ljairHiT  Kiwi  so —An.  initwpidvil  iiicttiuff — 
A  itisuNtrr—lialhoa  rfft'.s  (a  pronihn'Hvt'~2sU'(H'iia  and 
Jiis  full'  -IhilhiKi  at  the  In  nil  of  aj/'air.s'  --//>'  rin/'ts  a 
f/rcaf  rariijiic  —Hears  of  t/ir  I'lu-ljic  Oi-inii — ('onrcrsionH 
— Prrjtaraiioas — A  famous  doij  ealUd  Lvoiieiro. 

\'iis('(>  Xunt-'z  (Ic  JJaUtoa  was  born  in  the  city  of  Xercs  do 
los  Cal)alh'r(»s,  Spain,  in  flie  yeiU'  147.").  He  belonged  to  a 
n(>l)]H  l)uf  inipovt'iisht'd  family,  and  fiivw  up  in  tiiesiTvice  of 
u  nobleman  named  Don  Petlro  (Jarreio. 

Joininn'  the  expedition  of  Hoderie  de  liastides,  Halboa 
sailed  from  Spain  in  the  year  lAdO.  He  visited  the  roast  of 
tlie  IsthnniH  of  Dnrien,  following;  in  many  plaees  the  foot- 
steps of  Columbus.  The  destruction  of  the  vessels  by- 
worms,  however,  brought  the  voyage  to  a  sudden  ternnna- 
tion  on  the  shores' of  IIisi)aniohi. 

Balboa  turned  farmer  in  Ilispaniola,  but  success  did  not 
smile  on  his  toil.  After  some  years  we  find  him  heavily  in 
debt,  and  witliout  any  inimediate  jn-ospect  of  being  able  to 
meet  the  demands  of  his  creditors.  lie  thought  of  another 
voyage,  but  secrecy  and  opportunity  were  now  necessary. 

In  l.")l()  the  looked-for  opportunity  arrived.     As  will  be 


•  ("hli'f  tiuthoritlei"  uwrt;  Irvliij;, '•LivoHniid  VoynRt'Kof  theC'ompiiiiloiiKof  ('(iliimbiiH;"  Robert- 
son, "lllKtory  of  America;"'  Muccull,  "Foreign  Biogrttpliles;"  "Tlie  Penny  Cycloi^'dlu.'' 

209 


J  ■ 


4fe 


,v,„riiilM.nMl.  Orla  ^^vuW  to  ili.'  liiwy.-r  KiicImo.  trlli..^'  him 
tu  lit  out  iin  ..x'lHMlitiun  in  Snii  l>oniinKo.  m.il  tu  wul  vMll.oiit 
ilrliiv  for  San  S.-I»:istiim  witli  tli.-  \\wv^mv\  mu|.i.II<s  aii.l  if 
i„l',,;,,.„u-nlH.     Kiiris,.  c.mM'li'"!.     AniotiK  tlios.-  who  M.n^lit 
,.,.,■„„,.  „„,|„.<l,.p.,ifinKv.ss..|  was  ItalLoa;   but   th.'  utiiioHl 
.•aiv'was  iv(iuinMl  in  ..nh-r  to  ..1...1.'  tin-  vi^^lan.v  of  his  nr.l 
itoiN      Nor  was  in-  nm-cnial  to  tin'  lasls.     ('..n.-ralin^^  him 
sfll    in  a  nisk,   wlndi   s.-cai.-.l    to  contain   provisions,    tli.' 
fntniv  Discov.'ivr  of  tlir  I'iicilic  htui  himself  .•onvry.-,l  fri-ni 

his  farm  to  tlu'  wat.-r's  .'.l^r...  „n(l  tla-n m  Mliiphoanl. 

Wli.'n  til.'  vrssrl  was  fairly  out  »r.  sea.  Hall.oa  .•m.'i-^.'d 
fi„m  his  cask.  Knriso,  who  was  totally  ignorant  of  ihn 
strr-i'-'m,  was  snrprisc.l  and  imlij;nant,  an<l  in  ili.-  hist  m«.- 
nicntsof  wrath,  he  thivatciicd  to  h-av..  tin' fiifxitivr  .hhi.  r 
on  tlK"  shores  of  some  nninhahitcl  island.  Halhoa.  how.-vf', 
snc<v,..h"'  in  pacifyini;  tlir  rommandrr,  "f..r  (Jod.'  writ.-s 
tl„.v..m.ral.h'l/.s(;;.sas,  -  n'scrv.-d  him  for -renter  tlm..i:s. 

M  this  time,  wear.'  tohl,  HmU.ou  was  in  the  prime  oi  lile    - 
a  LMW..1  sailor,  a  fearless  soldier,  an  .'xpcrt  swonlsman.  uitli 
«  pleasing  .•onntenance,  and  tall,  ^^•aeefnl.  mnsc.ilar  pe.snn 
The  ship  tonelie,l    the   mainlaiui   at    the   latal   harbor  ef 
Cavthafrena.  ar..nnd  which  lay  those  scenes  tliat   ha.l  w.f. 
„,.ss,.d  l)e  la  (N.sa's  hen.ie  end,  and  the  reckless  bravery  ... 
Oinla      Knciso  was  at  this  (.ventful  place  but  a  short  time, 
when  "a  small  vessel   sailed    in  aiwl   .-ast   anchor       le  was 
„,ach  surprised.  ({oin^M.n  board  the  stran;:v  craft,  lie  learne.l 
that  it  was  manned  by  a  number  ..f  Oje.la  s  followers,  under 
th.'  famous  Francis  lM///aro,  wlio  had  a  stul  story  to  tell.     In 
truth    the  little  vessel  contained  the  remnant  of  the  c. my 
of  San  Sebastian.     Despair,   famine,  an<l  the  poisone<l  ar- 
rows of  the  savages  had  liast.'ued  their  departure  from  the 
wild  Isthmus  of  Darieii.  .1      ,       n      ,    , 

Enciso,  partly  by  porsuasion  and  partly  by  lu'  per- 
emptory exercise  of  his  authority  as  chief  magistrate  o  the 
now  colony,  prevailed  up.  n  lM/./.aro  and  his  <-rew  to  retiiin 
Thev  sailed  for  San  Sebastian,  but  disaster  met  then,  on  .'.itei  - 
in.^  he  very  harbor.  The  ship  struck  a  rock,  and  the  merci- 
less waves  and  currents  soon  scattered  it  m  fragments.    J.ittle 


lAsco  M  .Khz  in:  itM.iio.x. 


311 


sail  without 
ilics  mill  If 
w  li(»  hun^lit 

tll«'    lltlllOSt 

•  nl'  Ills  i'ltd 

•filling-  liini 
(Visions,    tilt' 
iiv<'y»'(l  fi't'iii 

(l)Oill')l. 

Ilia   «'llir'l'^('tl 
iiatit    ol'  \\u' 
lln'  liist  mo- 
iriiivc  (lrlil<  f 
Kia,  liowcvf', 
(J(m|."  wiiti'S 
altT  liiiii.Li>'." 
rliiicdi'  lilV— 
1  (Ismail,  with 
*ciilai'  iK'isdii. 
tal   liailx.r  cf 
[hat    lia<l  wit- 
•ss  hravcry  ^■i 
a  short   tim»'. 
hoi-.     Ilo  was 
ift,  lu'  Iraiiicil 
llowcrs.  iiiidt'i" 
IV  to  tell,     la 
(if  the  roloiiy 
>  ]Kiisoii»(l  ai'- 
■tuif  fiom  the 

'  by  the  ln'i- 
<j;istrat('  of  the 
■rcNv  to  rotmn. 
them  on  ciitcr- 
and  the  nicrci- 
linieuts.    Jiittle 


roiild  In»  snvi'd.  Tilt'  lit>rs«'s,  swim',  and  most  of  tho  |)|ovIh- 
luns  ui'it'  s\vt'|it  away;  and  tin-  imliM|i|i>  Miicivo  saw  fln» 
jHiu'ct'ds  of  Ncarsdf  toil  MwaJlowiMJ  up  in  a  iiioinfiit  li\  tlio 
hh:i.     His  lio|H's  of  |ilac«>  iind  dignity  irccivfd  ii  nidf  shock. 

<)a  landin;:.  it  was  found  llu>  Indians  had  d*'sti-oy«'d  the 
f.Mti'fss.  A  ht'ap  of  cliant'd  rniMs  was  all  that  now  ii-niaiiH'd 
of  San  St'liastiaii;  and  tin-  ^'cin'ial  fft'liiii;  of  distna\  was 
such  Jis  to  pi/inr  to  tin*  ncci'ssity  of  ahandonin^'  a  ]ilm'H 
inaikt'd  out  fop  nilsfortiiiit>. 

'■  Whi'it' sliii;ild  tln-y  jjof "  was  anxiously  askt-d.  At  fills 
iiiotiK'nt  «d'  doiilit  and  di'spondi-ncy.  UaMma  sicppi-d  forward 
to  ^ivt'  roiinsf'l.  '•  I  rcnii'iiilh-r  to  lia\»'  sfcn."  said  In*, 
•' wImmi  I  was  oji  tlu'sc  ('(lasts  sonic  years  atro,  a  town  situated 
by  ii  hux»'  river,  on  the  west  side  of  the  («iilf.  Thf  inhaliit- 
atits  were  (»f  a  mild  cha'-aeter.  and  did  tint  usf  poisoiifd 
arrows."  lie  olVt'icd  to  act  as  j;uide.  i'lid  his  olfi-r  was  joy- 
fully accepted  as  one  who  had  revealed  a  land  of  promise. 
It  is  ever  thus  the  lijilit  of  yi'iiiiis  and  coiiraLre  shines  out  in 
days  of  darkni'ss.  If  was  Hajhoa's  lirst  step  on  flu-  path  to 
promincnei*  and  coMcnand. 

They  promptly  set  sail  for  their  new  point  of  (l('stinali(m, 
and  on  icachiny;  it  fonml  live  hundred  Indian  warriors  on 
file  shore,  drawn  up  in  hosfilf  array.  Matfle  was  ^iivcii  and 
the  sava.ires  routed.  Kiiciso  then  entered  the  villae-e, 
takin.i;  possession  of  its  wealth  and  that  of  the  surroiiudin^ 
country,  lie  collected  jircif  (pianfifiesof  provisions,  to^^'ther 
with  cotton,  liracelefs,  anklets,  plates  and  other  p.Iii  ortia- 
ments,  to  the  value,  it  is  said,  of  over  «;");{. (lOO.  All  wer»^ 
pleasi^l  at  this  stroke  of  foitiine,  and  heit^  it  was  decided 
Jo  lix  the  seat  of  /j:ov(?rnnu'nt.  The  place  was  named  i<nnta 
Mmia  <h'  hi  Anthjna  del  Dnricti. 

Kiiciso,  as  chief  ni  iiristrate,  at  on(">  took  coiinnand,  in  the 
ahsenci^  of  Ojeda.  He  made  severe  reenlations,  and  soon 
found  himself  very  iiniiopiilar;  in  short,  lie  learned  to  his 
cost  that  he  was  wholly  unfitted  to  govern  a  nmititude  of 
nneasy  adventnreis. 

Jialboa,  however,  became  a  p:reat  favo;ite.  He  had  risen 
to  consequence  among  hi.s  companions  from  having  guided 


3 


.jfo  yA.Hi'n  xr.^KX  OF.  n.\:nn\ 

llu'iii  to  llih  i»I:i«M.  iukI  froiM  his  own  Infiiiislc  <|iiiilitit'M.  nnd 
iM'ii!^^  hiinly,  l«nl<l  i\uA  iiit.-lliirt'iit.  iiimI  puMHt-Hsiiia  tin-  nmdom 
Npiiit  iiii'l  '<'|M'ii  li.'iinl.'il  -.-;  •iirrusity  <Mimmuii  lo  a  sdldiiT  ol" 
fniiiiMi'.  iiiid  ral.iihitf.l  |u  <la/./.l<' aii'l  <lrliulil  ilir  iniililtiKlc 
lit-  was  not,  it  st'ftiis.  tniK-li  (lispost'il  to  ^^l(|••  with  KlH'i>'o. 
who  had  onn'  llnvattncd  to  cast  liini  on  noiih'  bairrii  iMlaiid. 
Indfftl,  111' cvfti  liinicd  to  tli<'  colonists  tlial  tln-y  wciv  not 
olilip'd  to  snlimil  to  ili.-  |h.\\c|'  of  Knciso,  as  ili.- \  ilia;:*'  of 
DaiiciMlid  not  lif  witliin  llic  l»itnndaiy  lin»'  of  Ojrda's  do- 
ndnions,  hut  tluit  it  wan  ivally  situutcl  in  tin-  t.-nitoiy  w  hUh 
ha<l  Im'i'Ii  ^ivcn  to  Nicin-sa.  tlic  oiln-i"  (Jovcnior.  rnliappy 
Knciso!  'I'Ids  iid'orniation  pleased  tlu- colonists,  ami  liis  inic 
tc.ininalcd.    'I'lic  people  took  tin-  [lower  into  tlieir own  liands, 

Three  olIiceiM,  of  whom  Hallxia  wan  one.  were  appoinied 
to  take  chnip'of  llie  alFaii's  <ir  the  colony.'  lint  tliis  ar- 
lanjzement  did  m>t  please  eveiyom-.  some  still  thon^iht  it 
would  be  lieller  lo  place  the  jx.wer  in  the  hamls  <.f  one  p,er- 
Hon.  The  community,  however,  \u  r,>  divided  ns  to  whet  In  r 
this  ivsponsihle  chai'p'  should  he  ^iven  to  Halhoa  or  to  Ni- 
<-uesa.  While  the  matter  was  indehate,  two  vesssels arrived. 
Tin  y  were  commanded  hy  Cohnenan's,  ami  had  heeii  sent 
out  with  supplies  for  Nicuesa.  The  nunmander  furnished 
provisions  to  the  colonists,  and  took  considerahle  pains  to 
persuade  them  that  it  was  their  duty  to  suhniit  to  Nicu.'sa. 
It  was  llntdiy  <lecided  that  Colnienares.  villi  two  (»f  tlieir 
own  niimher,  shouhl  coast  ahm^  the  Isthmus  in  NWirch  of 
Kicuesa;  and  if  he  were  found,  he  was  to  he  invited  to  come 
to  Darle'n.  and  assume  the  ^•overnment  of  the  c(»lony. 

The  vessel  accordin,<;ly  pntcet  (led  alonj;  the  coast,  .uul 
every  hay  and  inlet  was  carefully  examined.  One  <hiy  at 
sea  a  hriwantine  was  sighted.  It  proved  to  he  a  part  of  Ni- 
cuesa's  Heet.  The  captain  conducted  Colmenares  to  the 
port  of  Xomhre  th'  I>i<>f>\  tln^  name  piously  given  to  the  so- 
called  capital  of  the  unfortunate;  colony.  Here  the  once^^^y 
and  wealthy  (^ov«'rnor  Nicuesa  was  found  living?  in^n-eat 
poverty  and  wretchedness.     Of    his  hriive    company,  hut 

I  B..lho,i  nnd  one  Z.-nndlo  were  elected  alcalde!,  or  magl'^trnlc*,  and  u  covaller  named  Valdivia 
wan  a|ipointcd  rtgidor. 


iiilitlfH,  itinl 
tlii'  liiiKliirn 

I      Sdltlil'f     (if 

lllllllillMlt'. 

Itll    KlU'isn. 

rr«'ii  iHlaiKl. 

I'V   Wt'H'    IHit 

i»'  villtijrt'  of 
()jr( Ill's  (|(»- 
itoi  V  wliicli 

I'llllill'I'V 

iitid  liis  rule 
(iwii  liMinIs, 
i>  iii)]))>iiilf(l 
lint  tills  iir- 
I  thdiight   it 

of   (tilt*  jH'l'- 

\  to  wlit'tli»  r 
111  or  to  Ni- 
seis nnivrd. 
il  l)tM'ii  sent 
•r  fniiiislicil 
l)|<>  pains  to 
to  Nicuesa. 
wo  (»f  tlifir 
in  seaicli  oT 
Itccl  to  ronu) 
ilony. 

!<•  coast,  and 
One  <lny  at 
part  ol'  Ni- 
lares  to  the 
en  (o  the  so- 
tlie  oncefiiiy 
iii^  in  |:;reat 
•nipany,   but 

IUt  numi'il  Vuldivla 


I'.I.Sro  A7.CA/  nt;  n.M.no.i. 


•.'i:j 


n\\ty  nieti  reumiueU,  and  all  uiw  landshed.  IVehle.  and 
d!H|)irili-d. 

i'ohneniireH   liron^rlil    f I   uti   slioie.  and   linn   iid'uiiiie<| 

Nlene«4U   ul"   rlie    utiles   of    the   edlnnKts   at     jlillien.       A    new 

life  WiiH  inrusetl  into  the  Mtiil  ul"  ihi>  nidia|i|iy  <io\ein<.r.  ju 
n  niuineiir,  ns  It  were,  he  lieeaine  iinut!iei'  nmn.  To  testify 
his  joy  he  even  «;ave  a  kind  of  feiiMf  to Colniennres  ami  ihe 
niesM'nueis  from  Daiien.  Hut,  as  his  hopes  revived,  ho 
seemed  ti»  lose  his  discretion.     In  a  cotiversatlon  wjih  the 

two  colonists  iVoiM  harieii  he  heard  that  the  people  had  I n 

I'liyini,'  «old  from  the  Indians,  and  at  once  expressed  his 
emphatic  disapprol.ation.  lie  went  no  far  as  to  declare  that 
he  wonid  maUe  them  n've  it  up,  and  would  puidsh  uith 
;;reat  severity  all  Iho.se  who  did  not  ;iive  to  the  Spanish 
Sovere|;rn  his  full  share  of  the  treasures  which  were  fonnd. 

riie  two  niesseULTers  from  Darieii  were  anvthinu'  hut 
ph'asedat  this  l!inunni;j:e.  l-\»r  such  c«.ndnct  Knc'iso  had  lost 
his  power.  Had  one  .sev«'re  master  heen  remo\ed  ti*  ;j,ive 
jilace  to  another  still  more  severed  The  two  na-n  hast.'ued 
away  ere  Mcuesa  had  time  to  «ef  read.v  t<t  leave  his  capital, 
and  reached  Darien  l.eloie  him.  They  related  what  they  had 
seen  and  heard.  Nicuesa.  they  were  not  slow  to  proi'laim, 
was  11  tyrant.  A  cloud  of  iroiihle  ik.w  appeared  to  han;; 
over  the  colony,  and  each  man  took  counsel  of  his  fears" 
What  to  do  they  knew  not. 

Halhoa  (»l)served  the  perplexity  and  coiisternaiion  of  the 
inidtitude.  One  |,y  on,,  h,.  ,|ivw  ila-m  aside,  and  conversed 
in  ]>rivate.  "  Y(»u  are  cast  down  in  heart,  '  .said  he,  '"and 
N(»  you  tai<rht  well  I.e,  were  the  evil  beyond  all  cure.     Mut 

do  m>t  despair.     Ther<'  is  an  eirectnal  re'i |y.  and  you  hold 

it  in  your  own  hands.  If  you  have  co  Minitted  an  err(»r  in 
inviting;  Nicuesa  to  Darien,  it  i.s  easy  to  rij.rht  the  matter  />// 
ii(t(  irn'iiuitij  hill)  wht'ii  he  voii)i'>i ."'"  The  simplicity  of  the 
remedy  was  of  course  as  clear  as  suidi-'ht,  ami  it  wa.>j 
adopted  without  a  dissenting;  voice. 

A.s  Nicuesa  apj.roached  !)ari<'n,  he  little  dreamed  of  the 
).lans  which  had  just  been  forna'd  a<-ainst  him.  Nearint? 
the  shore,  lie  saw  a  number  of  men  headed  by  Jialboa.     lie 


211 


VAMCo  .vrtAX  in:  iiMiioi 


fiiiMt«"l  «ti«'y  li:nl  «"ntiit'  f<»  «'l« •'•  him  I-'  liH  ii"w  K^vorn- 

„l;   I, lit  iiH  III'  wii-*  iilMMir  ti»   iuilil  iiiif  of  IIm-  |ii|l.lir  ollln-J-M 

,i,ll./l  <'iir  In  him  ill  H  l"ii.l  \ui.'i.,  iiikI  r.»rliti.h-  him  In  M.'|» 
uii  *h«»iv.  Th.'  |MM.f  Hovi'iiini'f*  UHtniiiHhm.iit  iimy  wrW  l.f 
lmi>V'in«'<l. 

Al     lll>t,     ll'*    ^l'"*    •*! <lll«'«^'        '•'»    ««'«'OV«'llllU     lli"*    H.'ir   |MW. 

^,.^si..ii  HH'm..>\luil.  h.'  ivmlii.l.-.l  hin  h.-mviH  thnl  h*-  liii.l  ...mi.. 
tit  th.'li  iv.iUi-Ht,  iiml  lM.;:ir...l  lln'iii  l.»  iill.n\  liim  i-.  IuihI  iiimI 
rxpiilill  Ill-H  rnli.llirt.  'I'li.-.v  iiiiyhl  llhll.  h.-  ikLLmI.  .1..  us 
|h..\     |.l.M«»ra.       Hit    Unl.l«*    ..lily     |.|..\nU.>.l     ill^.'l'llt     lv|.lii'S 

tiii.l  iliivalM  nf  vioh-mv  hliHiihl  Im-  v.'iiliitv  !••  put  I....I  on 
Hliniv.  A<*  niKhl  raiiM' nil  h"  wasni.lip'.l  I.,  put  mit  h.  m»'ii, 
ill  t.i.h-r  In  Jivul.l  III.'  (lulIK''!'*  "f  •''•'  "'"il"!. 

N.-xt  mniiiiiiu'  Ni«ii'*ii  n-iip|..-iiiv.|.  Tli.-  p.-op!..  wi'iu.'.l 
t./hav.-.liimp'l  Ih.-ir  miii<l«^.  Inf  th.-y  lnvilr<l  tlu' In.v.  iimr 
tn  iaii'l.     It  wan  ii  m.-iv  Miiata^'.'tii,  h  .w.'Vfi',  In  p-l  liiiii  in 

tl|..ir  pnw.'f.       X..Nn..l|.'|-   lia.l    ll.'sl.-ppc.l   nil  sll..l'.',   lIliiU  ill" 

iii.iltilii.l.'  nir^h.-a  at  liim.  Ih-  «as  n..i.-<l  f..r  Mvilin.-s  of 
I'.M.l  aii.l  imw  tniHt.Ml  t..  li  f-.r  f^af.'ty.  TliruwiiiK  nil  III., 
iliuiiilv  nf  ({..v.Timr.  1m'  ll.-l  r..r  .l.-ar  lif.'  almi^'  lli«'  Nhniv. 
dnst'ly  piirsii.'d  l.y  tli."  ial.l.l<-.     Il«'  nnnii  .U.staiin'.l  IiIm  i.iif- 

HU.'IS.'ail.l  tnni;  ivllip'  i"  ll"'  ^^<'"*''*- 

HiIImki  Pm.Iv  11..  pMil  ill  lliis  .lis^'m.rfiil  rlias.'.  IIkmi^^Ii 
ll..  .li.l  imt  lilv.'  tia-  i.h-a  nf  N'ini.'Nii's  hfin^'  (J..v..ni..r  ..f 
iViii.-ii  la- wan  fat- l>.'m  pl"ii^«'<l  »<•  s.".'  liim  tivat.-.l  in  su.'h 
bafbainiis  Mtvl.'.  irmis..ir  a  man  nf  hiilli.  his  sympalhi.-s 
^v.'lv  ar..UH,..i  ..ii  h.-h.-hlinu^  Hi"  iiiisr..itiiii.-s  ..f  this  in-li  I'lv.l 
but  iiiiliappv  ravali.T.  II.'  .'n.h-avniv.l  tn  art  tia'  .lilllriilt 
i,ait  ..!•  m.'.riat..f  l..'tw.M.ti  Nlcm.Ha--wh..  IliiMlly  a.Hk.'.l  tn  1... 
ir,viv.-(l  nn  anv  .•nii.lili..Ms  ami  th.'  aiiirry  .•..LaiistH,  All 
Lis  .'ir..its  fail.'.'l.  1 1.'  th.'ii  piivat.'ly  .s.-nt  w..nl  In  lla-  fii^ii- 
tiv.'  (M.v.'in.r  that  th-  ni.ly  .•.mrs..  l.-fl  npcu  fnr  him  was  t<. 
gn  nil  l.nav.l  his  l.iiKantin.',  und  not  t<.  vontiiru  on  Hhnro 
until  fnilhcr  a.lvicc 

In  vain  «li.l  Hallxia  cx.'rt  his  cl.Hpi.'nc'  t.)  nhtam  a  lair 
hoaiinu  r.T  th."  unhappy  Ni.'u.-sa.  His  v..i.v  was  dnmm'.l 
bv  th.'  vn.il.'iafi.ms  nl  th.'  miiltitn.l.'.  AnaMi^  th.-s..  was  a 
noisy,  swatW'iing  f.'lh.w,  nanu'd  Bonit.'/,,  a  great  tallu'i  and 


r.isni  srfKx  m  n.\rno.i 


tft.l 


il.llr  olllniK 
liiiii  !•»  n\v\t 
liiiy  ui'll  Im' 

Im'  liml  rnim* 
|ti  liittil  1111*1 
(liltil.   lit!  at 

i|<ltl       IVplil'S 

put  lout  (III 
t  (illl    Id  m-!I, 

0|t!»'    lHt«'lll»'«l 

lie  (tiivt  riior 
)  p't  him  iti 

Dl'f,   tllMll  tli«> 

sw  iliiioH  (if 
wiii^  oil   tilt' 

m  iiu"  ^iidic, 

lO'd  Ills  pm 

ISO.     TIk  liltil 
(Jiivcrimi'  ol' 

>!l|l-(l     ill   SID'll 

s  syiiipatliifs 

liis  liiuli  liitMl 

till'  (lilliciilt 

■  llMJicd     to    III' 

ilotiists,  All 
I  1(1  the  fil^i- 
>r  liiiii  wMs  to 
lire  on  nhoiv 

obtain  a  fair 
was  (IrowiU'd 

r    tlu'MC  was    11 

lut  talker  und 


Ji"»h'i',  uli(»  l(M(k  n  viiIkui*  Iniiiiipli  In  tli»'  il!'»ln's'<»'««  of  tliM 
iii')'<iiiipli^lie(l  niMillMi',  and  uimwi'I'imI  every  pleti  in  liK  iM-lialf 
uiili  jc'is  ami  del Isloii.  ||f  \\a«i  an  adlidi'iit  ofll.'  in. mis 
liati*  /.•■nildi(i,  and  iindi  r  lii^  paltuiia>;c  fell  llial  he  tni^llt 
Hafely  mt  tin*  part  (»f  ii  hold  l>iau;:i(art.  In  the  ^••mral  elainor 
his  viilei*  WiiH  t*ver  In'urd  nppcrnnHt.  To  tin*  expiMtiilitlloiis 
of  liiihoa  he  nn'ifly  n-pllcd  Ity  Inawlin^  «itli  «iv.il  voilfe- 
rallmi:  "No,  no,  no!  uc  will  icccive  no  hiicIi  rdlovv  anions 
UH  an  Niciie^ii  I"  M  ilh  ia*H  paliciiee  uas  exliaiisttd,  .Vvailin;^ 
liim<<i'ir,  as  li:i««(*aHtiH  reliite<«,  of  Ills  iiutliority  hm  niaMi^tiate 
and  siidd'Mily,  lieforf  his  fellow  ina«;istrati*  e(»uld  inteifere 
III'  iiidftt'd  ihi'  liiaw  linu;  I  iillian  to  lie  rewarded  w  it h  one 

linadli'l    lilslies,  an<l    tints  his   sIliMlhlels  VM>re  .severely  pnii 

islied  for  tin*  niisijeeiU  of  an  iiniiily  tongue.' 

Niciies.'i  was  on  ho.ird  his  v  'ssel  lint  a  short  time,  ulit n  a 
paiiy  of  lliosi'  tiKHt  oppo-ii'ij  to  him  paid  liim  a  \l-.it,  oU'er- 
iiiL(io  make  him  (rtM-morir  he  would  land.  In  a  mome.it 
of  indiseretioii  he  listene(|  to  the  inalieions  Invitation,  with 
(nit\vaiiin;{  to  he:ir  from  Mailioa.  It  was  merely  a  lure  of 
the  lilllllilllde  |>t;;;e|  llieniail  III  their  power.  lie  landed, 
and  was  imineliately  .seized  hy  an  armed  hand,  who  roai- 
pi'lled  him  under  pain  of  death  to  swear  that  he  w(Mild  at 
once  depart  from  D.iiien,  and  inalie  no  delay  until  he  had 
reached  Spai'l.  lie  reinoiis|l!)te(|,  spoke  el'ii|i|ently  ill  his 
ow  n  hi'liaif.  hilt  all  to  no  piii  pose.  'rh«>  m<i!i  hurried  liim  on 
hoard  the  most  miseawdilhy  vessel  in  the  liaihoj'.  Se\eii- 
teen  of  his  devote(l  followers  V(»liinteered  to  share  Ills  fate; 
and  oa  the  1st  of  March.  I.MI.  the  crazy  old  hri;_'antine 
stood  across  tln^  Curihhean  Sea.     It  wax  heard  of  no  morel' 

Niciiesa'.s  ill  starre(l  resstd  had  harely  disappi-ared  from 
view,  when  ajfain  the  colonists  of  Darien  hecaine  a  prey  to 
faction  rule,     ()nc(»  more  Knciso  made  his  voice  heard.     The 


■  Irvlnir. 

'  Viirli>ii«  alli'tnpla  hn*<'  hrfn  mndo  lo  prnpfrntn  lh<»  myxti-ry  th«l  covor*  ihf  fiih'  i»f  the  hrlann- 
tini'  mill  IlK  (Ti'H.  A  riinxir  |irt"»«ili'il  wmit'  yoam  iiftcrwiirilK  that  wvcriil  S|>iiiiliiril'.  uiinili'ilnK 
nliiiiU  Itn'  Kliori'  (if  Ciitiit  fiiiinil  ihf  fullimlnu  lii-(Ti(»tliiii  nirMMl  on  a  In'i':  '•  Ai/nl  I'lnn'lo  il  ilr/t- 
tili/iii  III  .MiiiU'ii"  Tin-  iinfiirtuiialc  Niriicfa  (MTl-hi'il  Ihti'.  Ili'iui'  II  wax  Infrrnd  that  hi'  ami  hU 
rolliiMrr"  hail  liinili'J  thiTe,  ami  bvi'ii  muaoacri'il  by  tlii'  liiUluiiit.  Lun  t'ltMun  liovvvvcr,  UUcrudlU 
the  Klory.  -  Inlng. 


210 


VASco  xrStKX  ni:  n.M.noA 


]M'()i.l<'.  iKiwt'Vcr,  wt'iv  for  -IlilboM,  who  li:iil  iilicady  Ihm-ii 
flcrtt'd  oil.' of  the  liiiij,nstlillt's.  Ability  M'ii'iK'd  liilii  icspfct 
and  iiilliii'iicc  ;  in  siiort,  lif  was  tlw  Hist  iimii  in  tiif  place. 
At'ttT  a  trial  I'of  niiscundnct,  Knciso  was  idluwi'd  to  piori'cd 
to  Spain  to  tt'll  liis  story  at  IJonrt. 

Tin*  lawyer's  nps  antl  downs  of  fortune  were  reniaiUaMe 
At  O'eda's  i>ivitati(»n.  lie  liad  sailed  Tor  llie  new  |ii<>vin<'e  lo 
sit  oil  till'  judge's  hiMieh.  but  suddenly  found  himself  a  eiil- 
]):It  at  till'  bar,  luid  was  now  glad  to  be  permit teil  to  wen  1 
his  way  homewards  I 

Nor'was  Balboa  entirely  tiampiil.  He  feared  that  the 
skilled  ton,ii;ue  of  Knciso  would  plead  its  cause  only  too  .veil 
before  the  lvin.i;-,  and  that  the  lawyer's  innocence  might 
prove  Ins  own  condemnation.  Our  hero  i>rndently  thought 
his  side  of  tliH  story  should  be  heard  acr(»ss  the  Atlantic. 
Accordingly,  lie  sent  in  the  same  ship  with  Knciso  his  IVl- 
low-judge,  Zeiiudio,  wlio  was  instructed  to  lelate  the  iiart 
which  HalixKi  had  taken,  and  to  inform  the  Sj.anish  Sover- 
eign how  much  he  had  done  for  the  progress  of  the  c(.lor.y, 
Zenudio   was   also   to   set   forth    the  great   wealth   (.f    the 

country. 

As  the  vessel  was  to  stop  at  Ilispaniola,  lUiHioa  did  not 
forget  to  send  out  another  friend,  \aldivia,  j.rovided  witli  a 
r'.ch  present  for  the  Hoyal  Treasurer  of  the  island,  lie  knew 
the  hitters  influence  with  the  King,  and  was  very  desirous 
to  secure  his  friendship. 

H.'ing  now  the  sole  head  of  alVairs  in  the  colony.  Halboa 
str.iiiii'd  eveiy  nerve  to  i)i(»ve  his  capacity  in  the  dillicnlt  art 
of  governing.  He  knew  that  to  King  Ferdinand  one  of  the 
most  convincing  proofs  was  gold,  and  hence  he  neglected  no 
opportnnity  to  gather,  if  possible,  a  store  of  the  i)recions 
metal.  On  one  occasion  he  sent  Pi/.arro  with  si?c  men  to  ex- 
plore what  was  reported  to  be  a  very  rich  region.  The  chief- 
tain of  the  ])lace,  at  the  head  of  a  band  of  wariiors.  jionnced 
on  the  handful  of  Spaniards.  After  a  desperate  light,  the 
soldier's  retreated,  leaving  one  of  their  disabled  comjianions 
on  the  field.  They  arrived  at  the  settlement,  bearing  visible 
marks  of  a  severe  chastisement. 


ill 


y.isro  .vr.V/.7  />/:  itA/./io.i 


917 


Ircady  Ihm-ii 
liiiii  icsiicct 
I  tilt'  |tlii('»'. 
I  lo  jiiorrt'd 

rcMi!irU!il>!t' 
|ii<>\ iii<'<'  to 
inst'lf  ii  ciil- 
ttnl  to  well  I 

Mil  llisit  lilt" 
Illy  too  .veil 
•i'Wrt'  llii^^llt 
itly  tlioii^lit 
lit*  Atlatiti*'. 
<'iso  his  IVI- 
;itf  llif  iiiiit 
iiiiisli  Sovi'i- 
llit"  coloiiv. 
iiltli    of    the 

Iboii  did  not 
vidttl  with  a 
(1,  III-  knew 
t'l-y  dt'.siious 

louy.  Hiilhoa 
'  dinifull  itit 
id  tint'  of  the 
iit'jih'ctt'd  no 
th«^  ))iT('ioiis 
X  nit'ii  to  t'x- 
1.  Th«' clii.'f- 
ioi's.  ])oiin('»'(l 
itf  liuhl.  (h(3 
<'oni]>iiiiion8 
'luini"'  visible 


Whi'ii  Halltou  licanl  llii-  iiaiticidais.  and.  i's|n'ci!illy.  (Iiat 
n  witiindt'il  coniiadf  v.iis  h'fi  l.cliind.  Ins  iMtlimiaiioii  kn -w 

111.  Iioiiiids.      ••  I-'or  shaiiif.  Id  ii  not  lu'saiil.'"  In-  i-xchdi I, 

in  a  voicf  of  tliiiinli'i',  ••thai  Sii;iiii;iiils  llftl  Lcfoiv  siivauvs, 
ami  Iff!  ;i  c.Diir.idf  in  lln-ir  hands!  "  This  sharp  ivliiiki-  uas 
not  wiilioai  I'll' -ft.  Pi/airo  iwisitt'tl  rlif  stint'  of  coinbat, 
a'nl  ri'tiinii' 1  in  saffty  with  I'lii"  woiindi'il  soltlii-r. 

Oar  skt'tch  will  iioi  ailiuit  ol  ;i  ili'taili'tl  ;ifiiiiiii(  of  IJal- 
bita's  many  roafi'sfs  and  ailvfi'tinvs  with  tho  Indians  at 
this  piiiiit  in  his  caif;'!'.  \Vi' havi' Imt  room  for  one  iiifitlini. 
On  a  <vrtaiii  cxicditioii.  tlif  (■onmiamlt'r  inaili'  a  fritinliy 
visit  to  liic  rhii'f  of  Coina^iv,  who  miisi  havo  hri'ii  an  ini- 
]K>rt:int  piTsoaagi",  as  it  issaitl  hi' could  iiiiis(rr:t,(i(i(»  warriors 
in  till'  lii'Id. 

His  dtaiiinions  lay  at  Ihi'  foot  of  a  lofty  iiionnfain,  in  a 
hfaiitifn'l  iilain,  (wt'lvf  It-a.^iU's  in  cxfriif.  On  tlit>  approarh 
of  Balboa,  till' cacitpn' canii'  forth  to  iiu'ct  him.  alti'ii.li'd  l>y 
si'ven  sons,  all  tint'  yoiin.u-  nu'ii.  lb'  was  fnllowfd  by  his 
l)rinfipal  rliii'l's  and  waiiiors,  and  by  a  niiiltitiidt'  of  his 
lit'oplf.  Tilt'  Spaniards  wcif  (•oiulnctt'tl  with  uivat  ft'ii'iiiony 
to  till'  villa,L?i'.  whi'ii'  tpiarti'is  wt'iv  assi>iiit'd  llu'iii.  and  tlu'v 
wciv  fiirnishi'd  with  iibimdanrt'  of  i)rt»visioiis,  and  nu'ii  ami 
womi'ii  wi'iv  appoiiiti'd  to  atti'iid  upon  tliMn, 

Till'  tlwt'lliiin'  of  till'  cacitpK  siirpassi'd  any  tlmy  had  yet 
sfi'n.  for  ma^iiitmh'.  and  for  the  skill  ami  solidity  of  tli.' 
aifhitcftiirc.  It  was  l.'iO  i)afi's  in  icnjith  and  SO  in  breadth, 
Ibniith'tl  iip:)n  <-ivat  lo;;s,  surn.uiidi'd  with  a  stoni'  wall; 
whili'  till'  upp'r  part  was  of  woodwoik.  fiirioiislv  inti-r- 
wovi'ii  and  wroui^ht  with  such  braiity  as  to  caiisi'  siirj)iisi' 
and  ailniiration.  It  containi'd  many  coniiiiodioiis  apart- 
ments. There  were  stoivroonis  also;  one  liiled  with  bread, 
with  venison,  and  other  ])i'ovisions  ;  another  with  various 
sjiirituous  bevera.iii's.  which  the  Indians  made  from  mai/e, 
from  a  :specie.s  of  tlu^  iialm,  and  from  roots  of  diirerent 
kinds. 

There  was  also  a  .irreat  liall  in  a  retired  and  secret  ])art  of 
ilie  btiildinu',  wherein  the  dusky  ruler  i)reserved  the  bodies 
of  his  ancestors  and  relatives.     These  lia».l  been  dried  bv  the 


,ltiS 


21H 
tin 


VAsco  yrxrz  de  umboa. 

so  ns  to    fn-.'   tli.-m    IVon,  <  ..rniption,  i.n<l  nftmvnr.lM 


:,,.,. ami...  or  <.or.on.  n.h.y  wruu^U,  aud  in  . 
.  will.  i...arls  a.Kl   j.^.-Is  of  ^'oM,  and   ^vuh   .vrtan 

X!!;,  ,h..  i.all  with  ronls  <,r  cotton,  and  n-Mar.l.-d  w.thpvat 
ivvMivnc.',  if  not  with  iv!i,i;ious  d.'votion. 

MM„.,.hi..rs  rldc'st  son  was  distin-nisl.rd  alu.v.'  tl..'  i-st  by 
his  lol-i  V,  uvnm.us  si^it  and  suiM-rior  inbUipn.v.  Nm-m.-. 
^^  '  ,dlM.TM:uiyr,tl-t  , he  Spaniards  w..v  a  ;wan- 
U  .;.•  kind  or  n.H,  livin,;.  only  by  shifts  and  spod.  1  • 
t',  hi  o  ^;nn  th.ir  favor  by  ^ifts  c.f  thM'7;'<;''-  "-^^ 
:  p   .s.n.:.d  r.alboa  with  4.«U.  ounr.s  of  ,oId  .n  vanous 

L„  s     Tl...  re.  .n.and.r  ..nlr.vd  th.  t.vasmy  b w.Muh..d, 

nflhob..,..!  apart  b.r.h.M.ruwn,  and  theMvsttcM^ 

;;,  'dan.<u,hisfoiiown.s.  'H-^""' ^^^'^ ^^"i^ t';:;,^ ;' 

,r  )hrc:rn'rsivsid."nn.,andnipn"s.M.(vol  ''>''>""«"; 


li  a 

t 

fid 


""ll;li:^;;:.;;:^'ur',;^:~:;l^...: .u„u«.™^i^ 


'  Irxini,'. 


110 


VAfCO  NU^EP.  DK  nAf.nOA. 


yio 


nftt'vwnrds 
iintl  iiit<'i" 
itli   cfrtiiin 

•  tlli'M    llllIIH' 
rl  wilhfiTt'ilt 

tilt'  v'st  by 

•  IC     il   "UiUl- 

(l  slinil.""  Ill' 
ridus  iiit'lnl. 
I  in  vsiiioiis 
l)i»  wt'iiilit'd, 
est  to  lit'dis- 
>i;;lit'(l  in  tl.j' 
.1"  the  vdiitli- 
|ii:urfl  iU'osc 

;(l*   tlu>   Jtii'Ct'S 

mniL;-  ciiciiiMc 

■nci'.     St'i/.<'(1 
Ics  Willi    his 
ill'  iiorcii. 
[ibdiit  Mich  il 
ixir  cyt's  t iiiit 
till'  ]>i';i<'<'riil 
ich  siilVt'iin.ii's 
ere  ytiii    tn:iy 
1   ihdsc  lofty 
iitli,  "lifydiul 
I'd  i'lcim  tl*'".r 
ive  vessels  !il- 
V  down  to  the 
its  shores  eat 

bo  reafhed. 


"The  task,"  I'eplied  the  yoimu:  ('liief,  '"is  l)oth  dilFhnK 
and  daii.u'eroiis.  Yoii  must  pass  thiouuh  the  teiiitoiies  ol' 
many  |>.»\\e  ful  raci(|iies,  who  will  oppose  yon  wilii  hiiTi 
dreds  of  warri(/i'.s.  Some  of  the  nioiiiilains  are  infested  by 
lierce  and  cruel  I'anniltals.  But,  }il)ove  all,  yon  will  have  to 
eiK'oiinter  tile  ^I'eat  caciipie  Tiii)anaina.  whose  territories  nvu 
at  the  distaiH'e  of  six  days"  journey,  ami  more  rich  in  <;oI(l 
than  any  other  i)r(>viii(e.  lie  will  be  sure  to  come  forth 
auaiiist  you  with  a  niiuhty  force.  To  succeed  in  such  an 
enterprise  would  reipiiiv  at  least  one  thousand  men  armed 
like  tlio-ie  whoai  vou  no>v  command.'"  The  voiiii''  chief 
also  uave  soaii*  fiirth  'r  infoiinatioii,  and  even  oll'ei'ed  lo 
accompany  H.ilboa  will;  his  lalher's  warriors.' 

This  was  the  first  infoiniitloii  whii-h  the  Spaniards  re- 
ceiveil  co;icernin,i;'  the  ;;;reat  l*<i  [l!  •  Ouuiii,  and  the  lich  and 
extensive  country  afieiwaids  kno.vn  by  the  name  of  P( rii. 
Ballioa  had  now  before  him  olijects  worthy  of  his  ambition 
and  the  enterprising-  ardor  of  iiis  briuht  and  active  ,i;eiiius. 
Nor  was  the  Faith  for/^oiteii.  ll'fore  leaving-  Coma^ire,  I'al- 
boa  had  the  happines.i  of  receivinn'  its  wise  and  disiin- 
.liiiished  caciipie  into  the  Cliiirch.  The  dusky  ruler  was 
bai)ti/,ed  by  the  naiin'  of  i)  >ii  (\iilo-i.  Flis  sons  and  many  of 
his  p(?(>i)le  followed  his  evample.  Thus  did  r«'linion  and 
the  spirit  of  discovery  ,i;o  h.iiid  in  hand. 

Halboa  now  conclii<le(l  that  thi'  ocean  which  the  younjj; 
chief  mentioned  was  no  other  than  that  for  which  Columbus 
had  searched  without  success  in  this  ])art  of  America,  in 
hoi)es  of  oi)enin,ii'  a  more  direct  communication  with  the 
East  Indies;  and  he  conjectured  that  the  ri<'li  teiritory 
which  had  been  described  to  him  must  be  part  of  that  vast 
and  opulent  I'ejiion  of  the  eailli.  lie  was  ebited  with  the 
idt.'a  of  perform ini;'  what  so  ureat  a  man  had  in  vain  at- 
temi)ted.  The  thonuht  of  such  an  enterprise  aioiised  his 
s])irit  and  ennobled  his  character.  Besides,  he  was  also  ea^ci' 
to  acconii)lish  a  discovery  which  he  knew  would  be  no  less 
acceptable  to  the  Kin<;  than  benelicial  to  his  country;  and 


•  Irving. 


22<» 


VAsro  yr^Hx  P':-  n.M.ntKX. 


1„.  w:is  imiKitl.-nf  till  \w  ('..uM  s..|  out  upon  this  uiuL-rtakiiiji. 
in  .■(.minrisim  with  wliicli  all  liis  l\.nn.'r  .'sploiis  upi.-aivil 

iiicoiisidt'iiililf. 

Hut  invvioiisiinan'rt'nn'iit  and  piv|KHati(.ii  wnv  iicccssary 
ill  ..nl.'f  toi'anv  out  siiccrs^rully  such  a  splciiditl  .'Utcrpiisc 
For  this  piiiposc  liall.oa  hast.'ii.'d  hack  to  Daiicii.  lichc- 
^ran  l.v  wiiiniu-  the  rHciidsliip  of  the  nci^hhoiiiu--  caci.iiM-*. 
\t  this  j.oint,  howvv;'!'.  i>rivalc  ik-ws  tVoiii  Spain  waiiird 
iiim  that  he  n.i-lit  h;.  nrilj.-d  hy  tiic  Kiuniit  any  moment. 
(..iUiswcrciiaii^cH  bi'ou.ulit  a.uainst  him  hy  Km-is(».  Such  a 
Mow,  he  saw,  would  annihilate  all  his  hopes.  lie  decided  to 
hast.-n  the  expedition.  'I'.,  lin^ier  was  to  he  lost.  He 
toll  that  such  a  luilliant  arhieveiueiit  as  the  disc(.veiy  ol  a 
-iva!  Oreau  wouhi  silence  his  enemies,  estaMish  his  repnta 
Uon,  and  M'a'm  '!"'  t'liv"!'"!'  Ferdinand. 

With  these  thoimhts  iieiviii--  him  t(.  action.  I'.alhoa  care- 
fnl'v  chose  one  hundred  and  ninety  hardy  and  resolute  fol- 
lowers ^^^^'^^  devoted  t<.  his  p.-rsou  and  lortune.  lie  armed 
them  with  swords,  cross-ho.vs  and  anpu'l.us.'s.  .Nor  did 
he  conceal  fnmi  them  the  dan-  'rs  that  mi-ht  have  to  h,-  en 
n„intered  ;  hut  the  bold  spirit  ef  the  early  Si)anish  adven- 
nirersalwavs  rose  with  the  dilliculties  (d'  their  pusitnm. 
'n,..y  were  ready  to  foHow  their  intrepid  leader  to  the  emls  ol 

'to 'lid  his  sh'uder  forces,  he  took  with  him  a  numher  of 
Mooddu.unds,  which  had  b.-en  found  to  be  terrillc  allies  m 
Indian  warfare.     The  Spanish  writers  make  particular  men- 
ti(mof  cm- of  those  animals,  named  Lioudro.  which  was  a 
nmstant  c<.mpanion.  and,  as  it  were,  n  l)ody-^uard  ot  Balboa, 
iind   describ,'  him  as  minutely  as   they   would  a    favorite 
^v•u•ri..r      lie  was  of  a  middle  size,  but  immensely  stron,-; 
(,f  a  dull  yellow  or  reddish  cclor,  with  a  black  muzzle,  and 
bis  bodvVas  scarre<l  all  over  with  wouml     received  in  iii- 
lu.merai.le  battles  with  the  Indians.     Halboa  always  too.c 
him  on  his  expeditions,  and  sometimes  h'ut  him  to  others, 
receivin.-  for  his  s.rvi.vs  the  same  share  of  booty  alh-tted  t<. 
an  armed  man.     In  this  way.  h.>  -ained  by  him  in  the  course 
of  his  campaiiiiis  upwards  of  a  thousand  crowns.     Ihe  In- 


i 


Klt-rtiikinji. 

S    MplK'JUt'tl 

('  iicccssiiiy 

cutcrprise. 
'II.     lit'  '"'- 

'J,-    ('IK'itlllC-*. 

\'\n  wiiiiii'il 
\y  inoiiiciit, 
;(».  Such  a 
•  (Iccidt'tl  to 
f  lost.  He 
{•(•very  of  n. 
his  ivputa 

5all)na  ciirc- 
rcsdltitc  I'ol- 
llc  aiiiu'd 
1.  N(ir  dill 
.vc  ti>  l>i'  i'U 
iiisli  :i(l\<'n- 
>ir  jiosition. 
)  tilt'  cmls  (iT 

[I  nmiilx'r  ol" 
lilic  iillit's  ill 
■tii'iilar  iiicn- 
whirii  was  a 
1(1  of  Hall)oa, 
1  a  favoiitt' 
st'ly  sti'onu' ; 
imr/.zlc.  a  11' I 
•eivt'd  ill  iii- 
always  too'.v 
m  to  otlici's, 
\y  all<«ttt'd  to 
in  tlic  course 
,118.     The  In- 


tit  — • 


VA.sco  mm:/,  in:  h.\/.iiiki. 


2il 


tll.i.H,  if  is  said,  had  cKMci'ived  such  tenor  oT  this  aiiiiiial 
(liat  till'  very  sii>iit  ol'  liiiii  was  siillicit'iit  to  put  a  lio>^t  of 
tlii'iii  tolliiiht.'  A  niiiiilici' uf  Darit'ii  iudiaiis  unv  likewise 
added  to  the  force  lV)r  the  ex[)editioii.  Such  was  the  luoth'y 
aruiaiiieiit  that  set  out  in  (jiiest  of  the  I'aciiic  Ocean  I 


Irving, 


I 


^' 


(MIArTKU    FT. 

Tin:  i»is'(.vi:i:v  ok    tin;  i'\«  irn'  orKAV. 

Fhwl  rn,>,noliu„s  -77/.  .n.,rrh  />.;,;. s  niJlir.Wr^-A 
iJlU  Tin'  lirst  rir,r  uf  Vn  hn-ijlr  itnon-A'ltn^^' 
„„>l  U,n,hxiilniui  .1  rrn..  in  lln  ,nhhnuss- I ohs 
j,ossrs.smH  o/' Mr  l'"rijir  -Tin    nnnrh  hark. 

1,  wMsili..  r.tl.  of  S..pfn.1..T.  ir.i:'.     In  tlu-  lilll.-  In.lh.u 
,„,,  of  Covl.;.,  n,i  11...  ...St  si.l..  ..r  tlw  lstl.n...s.  1  ..-.■.'  Iny 

•orkinic  <m  tl...  .|..U't  wnv.-s  a  l..i,.a..ti.,..  mu.    iu.h.  I;,...  n.^ 

n„..s    tl..«  lilll.'  Il.'"t  wliiH.  I.a.l  just  t.Mns,i...lr.l  l.nll-n  ,  .,,.. 
LlW.vrn.)..l).n.M.l..ll.is,...h.t.     All  •••■It  .1  w:,s  :Mhy  ..I 

UT,.:.t  ii.ilMUt:....-...      Km.Iv  i..   tli.'   n...n.i..^'    ""ly    Muss    ^vi.H 
n.l.O,n.t. 'l.  M..a  .-v..,.  Il>.' l.-Mst  .l..v,,Mt  i..'av...l  that  (....I  w.ml.l 

1.1. '^.s  tlir.'xiM'.liti<.ii  with  su.T.'ss. 

B.lho;,  l.-tl  •..luM.t  hi.ir  his  n...n  t..  jruMKl  th..  ■•.^ss.ls,  nn.l 
uithth.Mvstsl.u.-kintolh..  lnt..n..r.  'Ih-  lsth.....s  ..I  Di.- 
H    ^s..ot:.buv..s..v..,..y.,.ih■si..^n.nl.l.•iu,Mh.sn..k.. 

1,,„,,^   ,,,•„.„  hi,..ls  t...Hl....-  tl...  irnn  <    .l.v.s..>„s  ,.l   N. 
,nd  S.„lh   Atm.|i.-:..  is  st.vn.tl.e,....l  hy  a    .•hain   .>M 
,  Mtitains  stretchi...  thx.uul.  its  uh..l..  v.Nt....r,  .s\^^.V  n^v 

tw..opposit..<Hva..s.     Tl......^..nrainsatthat<h.y^ye,v  ..^s- 

;:,.alithfo,...stsai.,.o<ri..,..,...ssihi...  ''''V" '••>•; -;-;; 

tnnl.t  HiL.at..,  whm.  it  lains  ,1......,-  Iw...th...ls  ,.     th.  >...  , 

,  n,shv   an.l  s.,  rr...,...ntly  nv...tl..w,.a,  that  the  ...hah.t- 

:;     ;,l\.-..ssa.y.  in  n,auypla<...s.  t.,lmild  their  h..,..^^ 

n  t     .  .  in  ...•.lev  to  b..  ..levat...l  at  sot..e  .listan...  t.,m.  h.| 

d-um/l  an.l  the  ...ll..,.s  .vpf.l- .•ug.'iHh..va  in  the  p-'<n"l 
.;r.'s  Fnm.  the  hi.h  ..•oun.ls  la.<,^e  riv..,s  t..sh  .h.w.i 
wui.  an  i...l.et...>..s  euneut.     And  in  a  ivg.on  then  inhab- 


Ml 


VASCO  W.^HX  />/;  llAfJIOA. 


9!)8 


l/hui/fhft  —  A 
HISS  —  Tolns 


liltif  iixliiin 
IS.  llit'if  Iny 
iiic  l;i''i:H  <"i- 
i  it:illi(>;i  iilid 
\v!is  ;i  «liiy  (it* 
V  NImss  Wiis 
It  (mmI  \\(»nlil 

.  -ov;sf'ls,  niul 

limns  of  I>!i- 

lliis  ni'<k  oi" 

IMS    (if    Nnltll 

liniii   of  lol'iy 
,t,  wliitli  i»'ii- 
lic  iini'iilscoL" 
lay  were  cov- 
Icys  in  such  a 
^  of   lilt'  yt'Jir, 
t  the  iiihiiliit- 
l  their  houses 
tauce  from  tlie 
in  tlie  i)Utri(l 
•s  rush    down 
n  then  inhiib- 


iti'l  liy  wanileiiiiy  savaires.  the  hand  of  indi  -trylmtl  done 
nothinu'  to  nni'eet  those  natural  disadvantages.' 

To  niai'.'h  aei<iss  this  unexplored  nmntry  with  no  otlier 
jU'iiides  than  Indians  \vliosi>  tidelity  could  he  little  trusted 
was.  iierhaps,  the  Imldest  enterprise  (»n  which  the  Spaniards 
had  hitherto  ventured  in  the  New  World.  Hut  the  intre- 
pidity of  Ha!lM»a  was  siieh  as  disiinnuished  hiui  aiaony  his 
coiintryui  Ml,  at  a  p -rln  1  when  every  explorer  was  ctiuspicii- 
ouH  U)V  dariuu'  coui-aue,  Nnr  was  hravery  his  only  iiierit. 
lie  was  prmlent  in  coudiicl.  u'eiieroiis.  courteons.  auil  pos- 
sessed  (if  those  pi»i>uiar  talents  which  in  the  most  desperato 
underlakiu-i's  iinpiie  eonlidi'uce  and  secure  atlachnieiir. 

The  ei)aiiiiaiider  no  snuiier  aihanced  into  the  interior  oC 
till- cdiintry  than  he  fouiul  his  pathway  strewed  uiili  nuni- 
herless  obstacles.  Uoads  theie  were  Hone.  SuUie  dj'  the 
c.ici.pies.  at  his  approach,  lied  in  the  nioiinlains  with  all 
their  peiiple,  ;i:ii|  carried  dll"  or  destloyed  whatever  couid 
alVoid  sid)sisieMce  to  his  troops.     Others  collected  their  wild 

subjects,  in  ord<'r  to  oppnse  his  prouress.  In  sliuit.  he 
(piicisly  learned  what  an  arduous  uiidertakinu'  it  was  to  lead 
such  a  l)ody  {}'(  men  across  swamp  and  river.  ihroiiL:li  Udod 
and  wilderness,  over  plain  and  mountain,  which  liad  m  ver 

lieeli  pressed  Itlll   '  >y  tile    feel  (if  st  rauuMuu'  sa\  ilU'es.       I>ut    by 

shariiiu'  in  every  lianlship  with  the  meanest  soldier,  by  beini; 
lirst  (o  lui'er  eM'i-y  dauiier.  i»y  promisinu-  conlidently  to  his 
little  j'oi'ce  liie  eiijoymelil  of  honor  and  liclies  sujierior  to 
what  had  been  attained  by  the  most  successl'ul  of  their 
countrymen,  he  inspired  them  with  such  enthnsl/.islic  bravery 
thai  they  followed  him  without  a  murmur. 

When  the  Spaniards  had  peiidratcfl  a  irood  way  into  th.' 
mountains,  ;i  p  nv(»'fnl  chief  apjuMivd  in  a  narrow  ins-i  with 
a  lariif  iiody  of  warriors,  armed  with  Ixms  and  arrows, 
s])ears.  and  war.clubs  made  of  ]>alm.  which  were  almost  ns  ' 

'  Tlir  NtlimiH  <if  r.iiiiiinii  -fDniKTly  callcMl  l),.,rJ,.n  -  1^  from  tliinv  lo  s,.vciitv  m\\,'-  in  linndili 
Tlic  country  is  m-ninlMlnoii--.  it-  liiL'lic-f  \\v:,k  H-iiiL'  r.'.W  fivt  .-iIhivc  tlir  l.u  lof  ili,>  -cm.     Aldin: 
tlM'  C:iril.lic,iii  S,.a  till.  riM-r  i^  nicky  aii<l  l„fly.  Imt  iiniMly  Iciw  iiikI  MViirnpv  iiNmii:  tin'  P.irillc. 
Til.'  si.il  i-  ..vcryH  hiT,.  frrtilp.     Til.'  f.iiv-is  ,'iihmii.|  in  rxn.ll.Mit  tinihiT.     INo.pt  on  tlir  hri"lil- 

(lie  rliinal.'  H  wry  iiiilinillliy.    The  l-tliiuM-  form-  ii  -i.'itc-oii.'  of  the  CnitiMt  Si,iii-of  e M,l,i,i 

-(■oiii|iri-iiiL'  an  iircii  of  -{.vrM  h(iiiiuv  mil.v,  w  itU  ir:..iKiil  iiilial)ilimt-.-./()/,;,M»,-i  •  .V,  a  IniroMtl 
Vyelojhfilla." 


''•A 


)i-2i 


VAsi.v  yr.^i:/.  lu:  iimjiha. 


Iiiiril  iiiiM  lii-Mvy  !is  iiuii.  Tli"  liosiil.-  snvuuvh  louk.'a  wiili 
ruiit.'ini-l  "11  III'"  li.iirll'ul  of  whit".  .'shiniHt.Ml  truv.-l.'i;s.  iniH.-.l 
llh'  Will-cry,  ninl  with  I'my  iusIi.mI  to  ilif  :itlii«U.  IJiill>ia 
iiikI  Ills  ni'fii.  lik.'  ii  w.ill/wiili^luiil  ili'  iiniM-tiK.iis  uiis.'t. 
Tlh'  Hist  liiv  <'l*  III.'  S|>;iiii-*li  K'liis  lilli'l  llif  ilii>Uy  Imrtli' with 
jiliinii.  'I'hry  l)r.iU.'.  mikI  liiii.  'I'll.'  Si.!iui;ii<ls  |.iiisii.'.|.  iiikI 
tlip  ll.-ir.'  I.I.H.il  IhmiikU  jniiii';!  ill  111."  .Iiasi'.  At  lli.'<'ii<l  <•! 
tliccoiilli.'t.  tlit'clii.'l'  ami  six  limiilivd  lii<li!iiiH  lay  <l.'a<l  nii 
till'  ImII).'  li'-l'l.  ami  iiimiy  iimn.  wnv  taU.'n  |.iisuiiris. 

Till' troops  Iht-ii  niaivli.d  i..  lli.- villap-  of  ili.'  slain  ca- 
(•i.|ii('.  anil  '"olv  li<»sst'!ssion  nl'  a  liiin*' (inaiitily  ol"  pild  ami 
j.'w.'ls.  IJalliiui  nwrvud  oiu' lilfli  I'or  tin-  Kinu'.  ami  ina«l»'  ii 
lihriiil  division  of  lln-  ivst  aiiioiij:-  liis  cxliaiisti'd  I'ollow.'rs. 
Tlii'y  had  now  ivarh.-d  the  loot  of  iIh'  last   nioiinlain  that 

.si.l.:Iiali'il   Ih.'in  rioni  :i  view  ol*  III.'  rarllir  (> ii.      In  Ihn 

ivi'i'iit  I'liua.uvin.'nt  si'vcral  ol"  ih.'  Spunianls  wciv  woiind.Ml. 
siml  oiht'is  wtTt'  so  worn  oiii  with  ratlLiHi'  Ihal  tlwy  coiilil 
.ro  no  I'arllii'r.  Al'ti-r  a  .-aivl'id  rxaminalion  of  his  loirr.  tlin 
n.iiimaiidiT  fotiml  l)iil  sixtysi'vrii  im'ii  who  wnv  in  sulli- 
rii'iit  Imalth  and  splills  to  <'oniinm'  llmir  lon^'  and  toilsome 
mairh.  Thon-h  the  jiiiidrs  had  ivpivsi-nli'd  thr  l.ivadih  of 
thi'  Isihmns  to  In'  only  a  joiiin'-y  of  six  days,  lli.-y  had 
-lUvady  si.i.iit  tw.'iitv  in  lonin--  their  way  over  nionntains 
:,„d  fhVonuh  the  trackless  wilderness.     It  was  evenin-,  ami 

sill  retiivd  to  lest.  ,    ,  •      ,•   1 

The  day  had  seairelv  dawned.'  wlien  r.all.osi  ami  Jus  lol- 
loweisset  forth  fi'oin  the  Indian  villa-e  and  I.e-an  to  cliinb 
the  hei^dit.  It  was  a  severe  and  nij-p'd  toil  for  men  so  way- 
worn :  T.nt  tliev  were  tilled  with  new  ardor  at  the  idea  of  the 
triumphant  seen"  that  was  so  soon  to  rejiay  tlieni  for  ail  the  r 
liardships.  About  ten  o'clock  in  the  niornin-  they  eiiier-ed 
from  the  thick  forests  throii.uU  which  tliey  had  liilhut  . 
stru.-led,  and  arrived  at  a  lofty  and  airy  re-ion  of  the 
mount  lin.  The  bald  summit  alone  remaim-d  to  b,.  iiscemled  ; 
and  their  <.Mudes  pointed  to  a  moderate  eminence,  irom 
which,  thev  said,  tiie  Southern  Sea  was  visible. 

Up.m  this,  Balb;)ii  commanded  his  followers  to  lialt,  and 


I  It  was  the  aOlh  of  September,  1513. 


I 


|onk*Ml  with 
»'lt'i;s.  inl«*t'il 
\-\\.  Il;ill)ii;k 
limis  uiist'l. 
\  liurtli>  w  itii 
iiirsiifit,  mill 
I  ilit<  fiiil  1)1 
l;iy  (Ifiid  nil 

(llflS. 

In-  slain  CM- 
ul'  pllll  iiiul 
ami  made  a 
•d  I'dlldwris. 
xintaiii  tliat 
I'aii  III  till' 
'l»'  wiMiiitlcd. 
t  tlit-y  (Mtiiltl 
tils  Inrcf.  tilt* 

\-cvv  in  siilll- 
mill  toilMiiiH' 
f  bi'cailtll  nl 
^s,  llifv  had 
>r  iiiiiiiiilaitis 
L'ven'mu',  and 

and  Jiis  I'nl- 
naii  to  clinih 

nu'ii  si>  way- 
If  idea  of  till' 
1  for  all  ihi'!' 
licy  cnii'i'Lii'd 
had  liitht  it  > 
('u,ion  of  till' 
he  asctMldi'd  ; 
incnc*',    i'loni 

to  halt,  and 


1 


VAsro  M  .^hx  ///•;  hM.noA, 


w.n 


that  n<i  man  sliiMild  stir  fi'oiii  his  placi-.  Tlu-n.  wiili  a  |  al- 
pitatin.:  h'ifl.  Ii<'  Hsci-ndfil  iiloni'  tin*  Imii'<'  iiiouniaiMiop, 
« Ml  irailiinu'  I  In-  siiimiiil.  the  loiiju' <lrsiii'd  prospcrt  liiirst 
upon  his  \  itw.  It  was  as  if  a  ih'w  umid  ui'ii'  iinfoldrd  lo 
liiin,  s.'parali-d  ri'otii  all  hithi'ilo  Known  l)y  this  niiuhiv  l>ai' 
rii>r  of  nioiini.'iins.  jtrlow  him  rxtcndcd  a  \asi  rhaos  of 
lock,  and  foi<-.i.  and  urt'i'U  savannas,  and  wandi'iinj,'  stii'iinis, 
V.  hilt-ai  a  di-iaiu-i'  tin-  waifi's  of  I  hi-  pronii.si'd  Oct-an  ulii- 
ti'i'i'd  in  till'  nioininu  sun.' 

It  was.  ill  11  Mill,  a  si'i'iip  ulotioiis  and  pirtiin"*ipif.  'I'ho 
liia\i'  r.all>oa  IVII  upon  his  Uiii'i-s.  raised  his  cms  to  ||(.;i\cn. 
iiiid  tjianki'd  ilii>  ^ooi!  <iod  for  in-inLr  ihi'  tiist  Mniopian  to 
iiiaki-  sMi'li  a  Lin-al  disnniiy.  II.'  iinili'd  his  lioop^  fo 
nsri'lld. 

"My  Inolhi'i's,"  lii>  cxclaiini'ij,  •'lirhnld  tin- oliji-i  I  of  all 
onr  di'sii't's.  and  (In'  ii'uaid  of  all  oar  lojU,  |,ii  iis  j:i\M 
lliiakslotiod  that  In- has  L:i',iii;.'d  iis  thisnr.al  honor  and 
ath  anta'ii'.  h'l  lis  pray  lo  ll!in  lo  ui;iih' and  aid  as  to  con- 
i|Mi'r  till'  sea  and  land  u  hii'h  wf  liavi'  disrovfinl.  and  w  hiili 
('liiistjaii  has  iii'Vi-r  rati-r'l  to  pii-ai-h  tin'  holy  dociijin'  of 
I  III'  l''.vaiini.'li''ls.  As  to  yoarsclscs.  lu' as  yoii  ha\i' liil  lu'iio 
lii'i'ii.  faithful  and  Inn'  to  nn'.  and,  liy  tlii'  favor  of  Cliiist, 
yon  will  lii'i'oini' till' rii'hi'>l  Spaniards  that  havcfvrr  ronii' 
to  till'  l!idii'>;  \on  will  rend  I'  iln-  u'l'i-ali'st  s('r\  ice  to  yonr 
Kiiiu'  thai  ever  vassal  ri'inh-ri'd  to  his  lord;  and  ynu  will 
liavi'  till'  ffi'iiial  ulory  and  advaiitaui-  of  all  thai  is  hi-iv  dis- 
covt'i'i'd,  I'oiiipii'ri'd  and  convt'itt'd  to  onr  ilolv  Calliolii' 
Fiiiihl" 

This  warm,  cloipii'nt  addn-ss  ]>rodnp('d  inofonnd  ••motion. 
Till'  soldiers  I'lnlir.'ii't'd  I  heir  lieroii'  rommander.  and  promised 
to  follow  him  even  to  di-atli  itself.  The  cliaplaiii.  I''atlier 
Andrew  de  \:ira,  then  lifted  up  liis  \ nice  and  (dianled  tin' 
7»  hiiiiii,  in  tlianksLiiviim'  to  the  .\lmiulity  Ifiiler  of  tin' 
universe.  "The  rest,  kneelin<x  douii.'"  writes  llalltoa's 
Anii'iiran  I'rotestanI  hioeraphi'r.  "joinrd  in  the  stiain  with 
jtioiis  enthusiasm  and  tears  of  joy;  and  never  did  a  mori' 
sini'ere  ohlation  rise  toihi'  Diitv  from  a  sani-tilied  altai'  than 


Ir\in)r. 


;r; 


T-' 


',>"i«l 


VASro  \(  .^H/.  PN  nM.IIOA. 


I 


rioiii  iliiit  iiiuiintiiiii  simiiiiii.  It  ^MH.  iuilt'<'<l.  fill'  cf  tlif 
m>>M  !siil'lini«MliM'ov*'ii«'Hniat  lunl  yet  Ixfii  minh-  in  llu'  N'-w 
Wtiiltl.  iiiitl  must   liiHf  o|ifiH'(|  u  iMimuIN-^"  li>l'l  "I'  <iiiij»'«« 

llliv  to  till-  \sii||i|rrill-'   S|.;ini;in|s,"' 

IIiiIImiii  ciilltMl  lih  (•..iiipiiiiidiiH  tu  wiiiM"^-^  (li!i»  lu'  t«'<iU  |'<|^- 
si'ssiuii  ol'  tlh'scii,  Islmitls.  ttifl  smToiiiMliii^  ifiriiniy.  in  iln 
iiiiiiK'  of  III.'  Caihulif  S..vfivij:iis  ,.l"  Ciislili'.  A  li'.>«iimniiiiil  i<» 
that  ••IV.'cl  \\iiM«li!i\vini|..  iiinl  vi^iii.'-l  I'V  I  In- sixty  <fVfii  iiirn. 
Ill-  ilifu  cut  down  a  tall  live  iiiailf  a  cn'^,  ami  lajs.d  iIim 
au^iisl  SiuiM.r  III.'  |{.'il.'Ui|iii»»iMm  llu- vri'V  spot  wli.iic.'  In* 
lli'st  saw  I  lie  vast  rxpaiisf  »>l'  \\at«'lH. 

'i'li.'S|tauiai(lsln'l.l<>iilli<  ii'couist',  (|cs<vntl.'<l  llM'tiK'Utilain, 
nii'l  l!ir..iiL;li  many  tdislaclrs  l'..irt'.l  lli.'ir  way  lu  ilu'  ^\uav. 
Till'  wild  waters  lay  in  Nomltic  sil.-nc'.     Ni»  p«iiil  m*'»  ilu'  «'y<'- 
A  ;:rt'al  bay  cxtctidcl  as  I'ar  as  tli.'vi>i<m  I'.mld  ivnili.  and 
it  iM'iii.n-  St*.   Niirliacl  M  day.  l?allH.a.  in  ili«-  spiiit  "I  a  tnii' 
CallmlC'.  .uavc  it   tlw  nam.'  ..I'  tlic  fin'/  '</  '<f.  Mi>/niiL  \\w 
nam.'  by  uhi.-li  it  is  Isia.wii  r\.-ii  t.«  day.     At  iliai   li.-ur  tin' 
till.'  was  our.  Init    tin'  roiiimandt'i'  wail.-.l  till   Mn-  Mii'uln;; 
(U'l'l.  sw.  i.t  iniilmosi   to  his  f.'.'t.     lie  tlifU  InoU  a  l.aini.r. 
n|ioii  whi.'Ii  wi'iv  paint. 'd  ili.'  imaLivs  of   tti.'  MonI   lU.'sscd 
Nii-in  anil  the  Ib-ly   Inlanl.  ami   nml.-f  iln-m  tin-  arms  of 
Casmc,  ami.  drawin'o'  ids  swoid.   li.'  marrli.'d  into  lit''  sra. 
until  fin'  wwU'V  was  Um'.'-dc'p,  ami  nillcd  n|.on  all  1..  wit- 
lU'ss  tliat  In'  tooksoli'mn  possi'ssjoii  for  the  Spanish  S.. v. -r- 
ri^ns.     The  nn[ar\    of   tl..'  oxpi'diiioii  dr«'W  ni*  iIm'  usual 
<locuim'nt,   wiiirh  VuM  M^in-d  by  those  i»ivs.'nt.     'I'lnn  all 
Stooped  down  and   tasted   the  water.s.  and  a-aiu  reiurne.l 
thaidvs  to  Heav.-n.     lialboa  (inally  i-ut  llir.-.'  cross.s  on  ihree 
!,dja('i'iit  trees,  in  honor  of  the  Holy  'I'ritdly.  and  in  token 
thiit  he  had  di.s«'<.v«n'd  ami  taivcn  possession  of   the  ^reat 

I'acilic  Ocean.  ,  . 

Tin-  intrepid  ('..mmander.  sifter  several  adventurous  visits 
to  some  of  the  islands  in  the  (iulf.  ami  the  collection  of  con- 
siderable treasure  in  th.-  surroumlin.u,-  territory,  beuan  to 
retrace  his  stejis  towards  Darien.  In  order  to  acipiire  a 
ni<.r.' extensive  kmmled^e  of  tlii'  Isthmus,  he  marched  biM'k 


>  Irvliiif. 


dill'    (if     tlin 

■  ill  ilu>  N«'W 
I  <i|'  coiijrf. 

M'  totiU    iHiS- 

itdty,  iit  tin 
•.Hiiliinliial  !•• 

r    '^t'Vtll  IIM'II, 

il  i:ii>'(l  till" 

I   u  III  lice   ln> 

III'  iiKiiHilaiti, 
tt  llh'  .-luif, 
IIH'I  lll«'  r\i'. 

i|  |v;ii'||.  iIIkI 
lil     III     il     tl'llC 

MirJnii  L  tilt' 

liiit  hour  ilic 

llir    MirullIU 

Ills  II  liiitiiD  r, 
Mosi   lUi'ss.il 

tllf     lll'llt!^     Ill' 

iiiiii  llif  Mt'ii. 
Ill  nil  til  wit- 
[iiiiiHli  Suvt-r 
ij>  III''  UMi:il 
It.     Then  ill! 

ISSIS  (111    tlli'CO 

mill  ill  tdkfU 

dl'     llu'   ^^ITIlt 

iitmoiis  visits 

iM'tioll  of  cnll- 

iiy,  hciiiin   to 

to  iic(|iiir<'  !i 

iiiiirclK'il  1>:m'1v 


VASCO  NUNEZ  DE  BALBOA  TAKING  POSSESSION  OF  THt  PACIFIC  OCEAN 


h 


1^! 

ill. 


I  r 


lis 


I'M 


r.tsro  sr.KNx  hf:  n.i/.no.i 


tn 


••y  n  «ll(r.'ivhf  luiih',  uliii'li  he  tuiin.l  f..  Im-  u..  N-.^  iliuiu'<i'>im 
!iM(!  .IllM.nlf  iliiin  rh.'if  wlilrh  hv  \m\  r<.riii.il>  inK.'n.  Iiiir 
f<»  m,.|i  .'liifftl  wirh  "iin-rHN.  m\,\  tiiiiniiitftl  li\  liupi..  rtntliiiitf 
i-  InsiDiiK.iiiitiil.l...  If..  ivMi'lii'il  rli.'  S|.jiiiU||  M'frl.'iiM'Hi  fit 
l»:iii.'H  nti  .l:imi;iiy  ItMli.  I.MI,  luiiiy^iti!.'  with  hliu  M|,.|,f,.f 
irl'H-y  iiimI  iMMi.  ii'iHiiiv  iliiiii  lih  «o(mhyiii.ii  liitluiii.  Iiiul 
ii«'<l>>li«'l  in  tiiiy  i'X|>>«|i«li.ii  ill  tlif  N..VV  Woild. 

Ill   this  .'\|MMli(iii(|.    H;||ll.t!l\   (MllllllCt    fnwiinls    f  Im>   iiatlvt>(i 

uiH  iiKof  liiiiil  ;-ii'l  |iiiii|"rif.  Ihivliiu'  It'll  II  f.'w  i.r  his  iiifii, 
\\lit»  wi'iv  iihiiMf  |i»  I'ulluw  him,  ill  nil   UuWwn  \  ill;i;jr...  mi  UU 

lillM  III'  \h  lirh  to  l!|i'  IVl.-lic.  the  I'hii'f  nf  [\\«  tl'ilH>  Wl'fll  ulir 
'"   I" •'    hilll    nil    hin   I)  III!  II.  Iltnl    |ll",,.||(i||M;  III.'  Mul.||,.|',s.  Htlid  \ 

'  Urfi'i*.'.  Iii.ivf  iiinii.  \iiiii  i'(iiii|i,iii!oiis  iiiiiiijiii'i'd.  Ill  Ih.'V 
♦'llfi'l'i'il  iiihIpi'  my  r.M.r;  tliid  m:i\  Im'  uh-.  -Ims  iis  liic  j'niJN 
<•!'  fh.'  t'Mi'fh.  nml  nuis.N  i|)r  thiiinlMr  in  |  liuhfninu'.  prot'i'vc 
yuii  iiikI  tlK'iii."  ll.iiiint  Ji'lh  us  ilmt  fhf  tJiHky  ml.'!-  rhi-n 
r.'iis.-l  his.-ypH  fo  th*>  sini,  us  j'"  ||i>  \M.i'N||i|H'.| 'ilmf  uh  his 
•  h'ily  !iii(|  til"  !siM'tis,.|'. .rail  iimiiiiiimI  MrsHiiiu'i.  [i  is  nlso 
!•' hit"  I    ficif    ii'Ml  '  III'    Milhii'i's  (tijii-.'is  (litlitiyiiisht'd   Ihi'lll- 

s.'Ivi's  m.tiv  ill  this  (lisn.v.'iy  tliiiii  Kr.'itn'is  INziirro.' 

•  Kfiinrl«|»liiiirri»w««il.i;iih.'i,f  Hh„lii     ||,'  »„,  „f  |, l,|,.  ,,rlu'lii.    In  rurl\  Mir-I iiii.ir,| 

H«  II  .iilillrr.  iiii.l  ..•.II,.  t<i  liiiu'  ..I...  'hi  mum!  r,iiii|.il.'ii»  ImiIIi  In  Hhiilii  ,111.1  Itiih.     Ill,  r.ivlh^i 

.j.irll  ..Hill  M  l.liii  I..  III.'  N.HV  \V..rl.|,    ••  ||.'  h,|.  „f  f,  ni.l .•..iiritr.,"  uril.'.  Irvlii;;,  ••  uii.l  ulin. 

I  ti-'M,'.'.!  Ill  iiiiv  i.|ii..r|iri-.'.  |i.i.-,..,.l  iiiiii'.<iliiii.<  |i.r-.».r;iiin'  ii.lili.r  I..  Ii.'  il.i..rr.Ml  liv  ilimii,  r, 
".iilvii.-.l  li.vrillcH.  mill  li>iriMil|.>.  ni.r  di..  k.'.l  l.y  r.|i.'iit..|  i|l.ii|i|i..|iiiiii<  iil  Ari.'r  halnii 
« .Hi.i  I.  f  Ml  Hi.'  .Ti  al  kliiu'.l<iii.  ..f  I'.ni.  W'  «,-  h..ii..|ihi|,..(  ,,i  m\  ii.hani.'.j  ii.'.'  In  |,MI.  .|.  r.h.llim 
lillii-ilf  hrin.  ly  1.1  till'  |.|.|' 

l''.inli.'.i..r>   of  hU  ii.lt.'iiiiiruii^  fiifirr,  ►  a'  I'r Jii'"  •  lli.i.io  ..f  ili. Ciihiii,-!  i,f  isni." 


1 
li 


li 


} 


\* 


-^^ 


I 


, 


OIIAPTKIl   111. 

BT,AsTi;i>  iioi'Ks  AM»  111):  iii:i!')ic  i:vn. 
Arrotm/.s  nf  lln  ili.^.-unrtl  f«  nl  l'>  ^'/'it'ii     A  ii<  >r  don  nmr  - 

Till    sihl'lHitll   O'     nirhn        Xirf.-l/rSS    -lil'l    I  mil  nil  1,1    nf 

fhr  liiiliniis  liiilli'iii  ii'isis  Ills  ri,!r<  Is  uppul i,li 'I 
IJ,  nil  lidhl  (iori  ilinr  ■  I'll  iniiiiliinis  l<>  !l<>  f"  I'"'" 
Ciini/iii;/  ships  iirross  I  III  iiiuHiiliiiiis  A'l  ir  iltljimll  ii  s 
(iKil'iliiiiilirs  -Tin-  Jlisl  Ell, np,, I II  nssi/s  an  lln  I'd- 
rilh-  Four  ships  ,u,,„ph  In!  i,,,il  uli  I'l  n'ljl  Ihil/io  i  snil- 
(ill, hi  iirr<st<(l  Ills  hliil  mill  niijusl  r,.i,ili  inimlioii  - 
II,    mills  (hiilh  lihi   II  1 1  III   III  III. 

IVtlbon's    lii'st  cinv   \v:is  to  si'iid   iiirnriiiMl ioii   to  Spiiiii  oi" 
llic  iiiipiirtiint  (liscdvrry  wiiicli  lit'  Innl  niiul*';  ihhI  to  (Ifiuiiinl 

:i  iviliroircni.'lll  of    l.dliit  lll.'ll.   ill    or'lrr    to  !lltcllll>l    tll<'  nMi- 

(lucst  of  th:it  I'icli  iKitioii.  coiir-'niiii-j,-  which  lie  li;i<l  ivc'ivc.l 
siK'li  invitinii'  iiit<-lli-viici>.'     Tli.-  liist  iiccoinit  of  iln-  dix'ov- 

,.vy  of  tilt'  w.-stfriiliniiisplicrc  iiiirdly iisioiic-l  .uivnirr  jov 

tluii  tlic  iiui'xpi'ct^'tl  tidiii'-i'-i  tlmt  :i  pM^^iip'  \v:is  sit  l!i>t 
foiiiid  to  tluMiTcid  Solitlicni  O.vaii.  :is  tin-  P:icilic-'  Wiisllicii 
called,  ('omiiiiiiiicatioii  with  the  East  Indies,  by  the  west- 
ward. seeniiMl  DOW  to  lie  ecrtaiii. 

The  vast  wealth  whii'h  ilowt'd  into  Portii.u'al  I'lom  ils  In- 
dian settlements  and  <':.n(iiiests  excited  the  envy,  and  called 
ft.ith  th<>  emulation  of  <»thei'  states.  Fei-dinand  hoped  new 
to  come  in  Tor  a  share  in  this  lucrative  comiiieire.  and  in  his 
«>aj2;('niess  to  oUlain  i:.  was  willim;'  to  make  an  <'llort  even  Im-- 
v«md  what  tlw  Discoveivr  of  th<'  Pacific  ivtiuired.  Ihit  in 
this  exertion,  his  jealous  ])ol:('y.  as  well  as  the  I'atal  antipa- 


•  IVni. 

■••  Til.'  iKitiii'  /'./.•;/;.■  was  ..'ivvi.  It  by  llic  famous  IVrdinaud  Ma-dluii  in  l.V.'D.    S,t  l!..l»rts.)ii-s 
"llistorv  of  .\im'ika,"  liook  V. 

2:28 


'rritliin  III  III' 
.s'  a ppoi nil  'I 
<)  (it  I'll'ii 
tr  fllf/iriillii  .V 
lUI  I  III  Pii- 
llillhll  I  Sllll- 
ill  III  llill mil  — 


I  to  Simiii  oi' 
id  to  (Imiaiiil 

lllpl     till'    «'U||- 

Ii;|(l  lT('i'i\('(l 
if   the   (liM'dV- 

'd  <iTc:il«'r  juv 

\V!is    :it    l:i>t 

•itic'  \v;is  llicii 

liy   tilt'  \\<"-^t  ■ 

I'loin  its  lii- 
,  y,  niid  c'lllt'il 
ni  li(i|i"(l  new 
<•('.  ;ill(l  ill  l.i^ 
rll'dlt  even  lic- 

ircd.     I5ut  in 
icrntiil  iintiiKi- 

,")■,'().    Sit  ItcilicrtsDn'n 

228 


n  fB 


i 


r.i.sYo  .vr.r/;/  /</•;  um.iukx. 


990 


lialliy  (if  ni>li(>]p  |''niist>c;i  tofvrry  iiiiiii  of  iiwiit  wliodisiiu. 

^Ilisllfd    lljlll<i'ir  ill  l||t>    New   \\'<.ild.   WrlccnlispiciKillS, 

Niif  w  iilisliiiidiii.:  IVillMtii's  it'ccjit  services  wliieli  ceitjiiiily 
iiiaiUed  iiiiii  (lilt  as  the  nidsf  prniief  jiersun  td  liiiisli  tli;it 
/i'l'eaf  iiiideitakiiiii'  wliicli  he  had  heniiii     Fenliiiaiid  was  s.. 

Illlli-eiierdiis  MS  Id  dVeliddk  these,  ;illd  td   a|>Ii(iillf   Ddli  Pedro 

Arias  Davila,  ((((veriior  (if  Ihiiieii.     lie  unve  him  the  edin- 

lliaild  of  lifleeli  vessels  ami  t\vel\('  hlllidl'ed  .soldiers.      These 

\vi'i'e  liiii'd  out  at  the  {iiiiilie  expense  with  a  liiier.-ility  u  hieli 
file  Kiiiii,'  had  never  displayed  in  any  i'diiiier  ainiaiiienr  for 
tile  New  World:  and  such  was  the  ardor  of  the  Spmiisli 
ji'entlenc'n  to  fdlldwa  leader  who  was  alidiii  tocoiidiicl  iheiii 
to  ii  country,  where,  as  fame  ivported.  they  had  only  to 
throw  their  m-ls  into  tlu^sea  and  draw  out  i:'old,  that  fifteen 
Jiiimlred  eaiharkt'd  on  lio.ird  (he  licet. 

Davila  reached  thetinlf  of  l>.irien  wiihoiit  any  reniarka- 
Me  accident,  and  at  once  si-nt  some  of  his  piiiici|ial  ollicei's 
iisliore  to  inform  l?:illi  i.i  of  his  arrival,  with  ili.'  Kill's  com- 
mission to  lie  (idvermirdf  tliecdhmy.  To  their  lotonisli- 
nieiit  they  found  the  Discuveivr  of  the  Pacific  Ocenn.  of 
whose  <i-rear  ex iih lit s  they  had  heard  so  niiicli.  and  of  whose 
opulence  they  liad  fornieil  such  hiuii  ideas,  chid  in  a  can- 
vas j:iclve|.  ;iiid  wearin.i;'  co.irse  hempen  sandals  used  only 
liy  the  in 'aiiest  peasants,  employed,  to^etlier  with  some  Iii- 
dians.  in  roolinu'  his  own  liut  with  reeds,  lucn  in  this  simjile 
.i^arli,  however.  l>allioa  iv.ceived  the  visitors  with  dignity. 

The  fame  of  his  discoveries  Imd  drawn  so  many  ad\-en- 
tnrers  from  the  West  indies  that  he  could  now  miisier  fdiir 
Jiundp'd  and  (iffy  men.  At  the  head  df  those  liardy,  darin-j; 
veterans  he  was  more  tlnin  a  match  for  the  forces  wliicli 
Davihi  brought  with  him.  His  troops  murmured  loudly  at 
the  injustice  of  tlie  King  in  siquMseding  their  intrepid  cdui- 
manih'r,  and  comiilained  that  strnngers  would  now  reap  the 
fruits  df  their  tdil  and  success.  P)ali)oa  himself  snlimitted 
with  implicir  obedience  to  the  will  of  his  sovereign,  and  re- 
ceived Davila  with  all  tlie  defei-ence  due  to  his  cliaracter.' 

'  navllii  wns  iiccompaniotl  hv  liis  hrnpic  wifo  II(m1:i  IsmIu'ILi.  \\\w  .hconliiiL'  lo  old  I'rtir  M.ir- 
tvr  li;i(l  snstiiliiiMl  llic  roavini;-  iinil  ruL'.'s  of  llif  ocimh  uiili  no  l.-«  .«l,)Mt  Cdiirau'i'  tliaii  .'itlicr  liiT 
hu^liand  or  tlic  iiianiicr.s  who  liail  bei'ii  brought  \\\^  ainon;,'  the  MirgL'Sof  lUo  sva.—Irtiii'j. 


■|« 


|! 


2:10 


VAsco  .\i\^i:/C  /'/•;  iiM.noA. 


I 


I'.iit  iiotwillisiMiKliti,:;'  this  iinMlriMlidii.  In  wliitli  Davilii 
owi'il  III.'  iiriifi'l'iil  iMissi'ssioii  u'i  his  mdvcnmifiit.  hf  ii))- 
l»(»iiit('(l  ii  jiidiriii!  iiit|iiiiy  to  \»'  iiiaih-  iiilo  r>:ill>ii;i'>  ( oinliut 
whih'  iiiidt'i'  ihi"  roimiiMiiii  nf  Niciif«<a.  Ilr  was  IoiiikI  uiiiity 
of  sr\rral  iircLiiilaiilit's  ami  HiumI.  I5all»i>a  was  (h-t-ply  iiior- 
tilifil  al  liciiiuMiliji'Cird  I.I  trial  and  iniiiishmt'iil  in  tlii-  very 
jilarf  whnv  lie  iiatl  so  lab-ly  oi-cnpicd  (hi'  lii>l  station.  Ntn- 
could  Davila  foiict-al  his  jealousy,  llall'oa's  ^-iiiii  rior  ineiit 
was  beyond  (iiiestioii.  Such  feeliniis  le<l  to  dissensions  ex- 
tremely detrinieiiial  to  ihe  iir<t>i)erily  of  the  e.dony. 

i>nt'il  was  ihiealened  wiih  a  calamity  still  more  Talal. 
Davila  had  landed  in  Darien  at  a  most  untimely  jieriod  ol' 
the  year,  abont  the  middle  of  the  rainy  season,  in  that  part 
ol"  liie  torrid  zone  where  the  clouds  |iour  dow  n  such  toireiiis 
lis  are  unknown  in  nioic  temperate  climates.  The  villa;:e  <tl.' 
Santa  .Maria  was  seated  in  a  rich  plain  snrroundi'd  by  woods 
and  marslies.  The  constitutions  oi'  l-aiiojieans  were  unable 
to  withstand  the  jiestilential  iidliu'iice  ol"  such  a  siluatioii,  in 
ji  climate  natuially  s<»  noxious,  and  at  a  season  so  peculiarly 
unhealthy.  Many  <d"  the  soldiers  were  carried  oil'  by  ii 
dea.liy  nialady.  An  extreme  scarcity  of  provisions  aii.ii- 
nieiitt'd  this  distress,  as  it  rendered  it  impossible  to  lind 
])roi)er  reljeshment  for  the  sick,  or  the  ne<'e>sary  sustenance 
J'or  the  healthy,  in  the  space  of  a  mouth  over  six  hun<lred 
l.i'rsoas  i.erislled;  anddejrciion  and  despair  spread  tliKUi-li 
the  whole  .(.louy.  Many  <»r  the  chief  peix.ns  were  ,ula<l  to 
relinquish  all  tl'ieir  In.pes  of  wealth,  and  to  turn  llieirsteiiS 
lionn'wards  to  ihe  shores  of  sunny  Sjiain. 

The  new  (ioM-ruor  ,-ii-!.  avoved  to  divert  those  wli..  re- 
inainedfrombroodin^'over  t  heir  misfortunes,  by  liiidiii<i-  them 
employment.  With  this  view,  he  sent  several  detachments 
intotlie  interior  of  the  country,  to  levy  .iiold  amon.u'  tlie  In- 
dians, and  to  search  for  tin*  mines  in  which  it  was  produced. 
Those  rapacious  adventurers  were  more  attentive  to  jiresent 
gain  than  to  the  means  of  I'acikt.itin;,^  their  future  progress, 
rinnder  markeil  iheir  line  of  march. 

Ketrardless  ot  the  alliances  wliich  lialboa  had  wisely  made 
with  ""several    of   the    cacicpies,   those    greedy  gold-hunter.-^ 


liirli  |);ivil:i 
iM'Iit,  he  ilp- 
ii;i">  foIKlilct 
fdlllKl  .uiiilty 
(Ircplv  iiKH- 
I  ill  tlsi'  v«'iy 

itiltioll.      Nnl' 

jK  ricii'  iiK'iU 
.sciisidiis  ex- 
Idiiy. 

I  iiMHc  Tiital. 
■ly    ]ifii(i(l   ol' 

ill  iliiil  iiait 
■>iifli  toirniis 
"lie  villiljic  (»l' 
led  l>y  udods 

welt'  lllialilt' 

siliiatidii,  ill 
^(l  in'ciiliarly 
<'(l  nil'  l>y  a 
)visi(»iis  aiiu- 
isil)U'  In  liii<l 
•y  siisti'iiaiw'f 

six  liiiii(lri'(l 
I'cad  llii(iu,uli 
Wt'lC  ,ii'la<l  In 
111  llii'il'slcl  s 

lin^i'    wlio    li'- 

lir.diii^'  tlifiii 

dctaclimeiits 

iii()ii,U'  tilt'  In- 

,as  i)r<)dii('t'd. 

vc  to  jirt'siMit 

I I  If  progress 

I  wisely  made 
gold-hunters 


II 


VASCO  M'.^ICii  DK  ItM.nOA. 


-m 


strJMjvd  tliein  of  cverytliiiig  valiiahlf.  and  tn-atfl  lliciii  as 
ucli  as  ilirir  siihjtTts,  wiili  llm  iiiiiiosi  insulfiicc  and  eiielly. 
\\\  tiicir  l\  liiniiv  and  exaelioiis  wliieli  Davila  riiini'  roiild 
jiot  Ol'  would  in»i  I't'straiii  all  liio  cKiinliy  rinm  the  (iiilT  df 
Dai'ii'ii  to  liikc  .N'i(  aiaun.i  was  d«'s<>latfd,  and  tlie  Sitaiiiards 
ut'i'('  iiHMii^i  Id'.i;  -iy  df|ir!\i'd  uf  I  lir  ;id\anla,ii'i's  \\lii<'li  iliry 
niiiilii  lia\i'  d.'iivi'd  rmiii  iIk'  I'lifiidsliip  of  llic  iia!i\<'s,  in 
exiciidiiin-  lli'ir  ('(Hiiiii'sis  li  tin-  i'arilie  Orran. 

l>,i!i>o;i  li.'lH'Jd  sucli  ill  )iiiii;«'d  pro.'crdin.us  willi  sadnt'ss; 
and  i''lard 'd  tln' I'M-ciilioii  ol  his  l'a\  orito  si'Iu'iih'.  ofsrtling 
on'i  loi'  111'  ('oni|iii'sf  of  I'cni.  ilf  likf'wisc  scni  strong  if- 
iiioiisiiaiii'i's  to  Spiiii.  ag.iinst  llic  iiiiiiriidriil  go\ criiiiifnl  of 
Pavila,  wliiidi  had  iiiiiii'd  a  lia)ii>y  and  lloinisliiiig  eoloiiy. 
On  the  oihiT  hand,  havila,  accused  i1m»  Discoverer  of  the 
I'aciii.'  of  having  deceived  ilie  King,  liy  magnifying  his  own 
♦'Xploils  MS  well  as  liy  a  false  represeiilaiioii  of  the  iiatiiriil 
riches  of  the  country. 

i-'erdiiiand,  at  lengih,  l)ecanie  >e!i>iliU'  of  his  blunder  in 
siip'-rseding  the  luavesl.  most  active,  and  most  exptiienced 
ollicer  he  had  in  the  New  World;  and,  l>y  way  of 
(•onip.'iisalioii  to  Ualhoa.  appointed  him  Lieiiteiiant-d'over- 
nor  of  file  coiinlries  iijion  the  I'acilic,  with  very  extensive 
|iiivi!e^','s  and  authority.  At  the  same  lime,  he  enjoined 
l>.i\iKi  to  siippoi't  IVilhoa  in  all  his  o])erations.  and  to  coii- 
sali  wiili  him  conceiniiig  every  measure  which  he  liiiii-<elf 
pnrsueil.  Uut  to  liiiiig  al)oiit  such  a  sudden  Iransilioii  from 
iiiveterati'  eiiinily  to  perfect  conlidence,  exceediMl  the  power 
of  l"'er  liiiand.  Davila  <'ontiniied  to  treat  his  rival  with  ne- 
trlect  •  and  IJ.iloo.i's  fortune  beiiiu'  exliailsled  l>v  the  pav- 
iiient  i>f  his  line  and  other  exactions  of  the  (governor,  he 
found  that  hecoiild  not  niakesiiilal»le  i)rei)a rations  for  taking 
possession  of  his  new  governnieiii.  Uy  the  interi)osition 
and  (^xlior4ati(ms  of  the  good  I'ishoj)  of  Darien,  however, 
they  w(>re,  at  last,  brought  to  a  reconciliation;  and  in  order 
to  <'einent  this  union  more  lirmly,  it  was  agreed  that  Davila 
.should  give  his  daughter  in  marriage  to  I'all) oa.  The  tiist 
ofTect  of  their  concord  was,  that  Halbo;i  was  ]!ormitted  to 
make  several  short  incursions  into  the  country.     These  he 


.t) 


( ' 


i« 


f 


'i^i 


VASf'o  .\rSi:x  IH-:  nM.iu).\. 


<'(»ti(liiclt'(l  with  a  [tnitlfiu'c  wliicli  fvcii  jiddt'd  lu  his  wcll- 
('!il'lli>)l   i'r|)llliitic)ll. 

Maiiv  ;i(lvt'Mtun'rs<'i'o\v(liMl  ardiiiid  tiicnow  fainous  Discov 
fivr  ul'  till'  l'a«'ilif;     iiduilli  llh'ailol'  Davila  lie  Wcii'aii  tn 
jdfpait'  r<»r  Ids  cxpi'ditioii  lo  IV-ni.     In  oidiT  tn  :ircimii'li>-li 
lids  ii  \v;is  nt'ffss;iry  !••  I»iidd  vessels  (Mpidile  oV  («(iii\'     iiiu' 
his  ti<iiii)s  lu  llie  jinint  (»r  iiivaMitn.     Tlie  liltle  •(•wn  d  Aha. 

(Ill    the  AMailtie   e(i;i'>l    west    of    l>aiiell.   was   t  lie  scene  of   the 

Itusv  pfeiiafatioiis.     l"'oiii'  In  iuaiitiiu's  were  lo  he  (piiilt. 

The  limlier  was  eiii  on  the  Ailaiilie  seal'oaid  r  and,  then. 
with  the  aiifliois  and  I'i.LiLiin'j,'  was  caiiied  mcio-s  the  lofty 
niotintaiiis  to  the  other  side  of  the  Istlunns.  Several  J^paii- 
i:irds.  thirty  Nej;roes,  and  a  .uival  many  Indians  were  eiii- 
]»|oyeil  at  this  weary  work,      it  n-ed  hardly  l>e  s;iid  the  toil 

was  exlreliie. 

Tlie  larue  masses  of  hewn  limlier  had  to  he  <lra,i:,ued 
llii'on-h  imiieiieiralile  forests  marked  by  no  roadway  save, 
jierhaiis.  an  Indian  f.iotpath.  Rivers  had  to  l.e  cro^xd. 
And  as  the  exhausted  toilers  piisheci  du  ir  way  np  the  st("ep. 
roimh  shies  of  liills  and  nionnttiiiis.  scoirln'd  by  a  tropieal 
sun?  they  were  ready  to  sink  lieiiealh  their  heavy  Imrdeiis. 
The  po("ir  Indians  were  nnecpial  to  the  terrilile  task,  and 
manv  jierisheden  the  jonrm-y.  The  Spama'dsand  Neuroi's. 
howi'ver,  liore  the  fati.uMie  better.  Oil  leaeliin-'  the  siiminit 
of  the  mountain  whence  I'.alii<ia  lirst  saw  tii.  .uloiions  l»a- 
cilic.  the  workmen  halt<'d.  ..  linnse  was  erected,  and  some 
lime  speTii  ill  refreyhiiiii  Iheinselves. 

After  lids  re]iose  they  conliiine(i  Iheir  toilsome  conrse 
down  the  monnfain-sid(S  and.  at  last,  came  to  a  navigable 
river  to  which  they  «iave  rh<>  name  of  Ihilsas.  Ir  flowed 
ii^to  the  I'acilic.  Nof  weiv  their  labors  now  terminal. d.  It 
was  found  that  the  tindx-r  which  iia<l  cost  such  unh.'ard  <.f 
toil  was  all  worm-ealen.  and.  of  <-oi!rse.  nnlit  for  use.  Moro 
had  to  be  cut  in  th(>  vicinity  of  P.alsas;  but  scarcely  was 
everythimr  a,i,'aiu  in  readiness  to  be<;in  the  construction  of 
thev.  ssels,  when  tli(>  rain  be.nan  to  pour  .Iowa  in  torrents. 
The  river  verllowed  its  banks.  The  country  was  inundated. 
So  rapid  was  the  rise  of  the  waters  that  the  men  barely  es- 


It)  his  wcll- 

lOllS  DlscoV 
11!     'iM'li'.lII     t(» 

V  coin'  _>  in,ii 
iwii  el  Aim. 

sci'lir  »»r    I  It"' 
'  iMlill. 
r  Mliil.  iIh'II. 
iss  lln'  lolly 

I'VClill    J^|HIII- 
is    well-   t'lll- 

xiiid   till'  toil 

Ix'  (lia.Li.U'd 
iidwiiy  siivr, 

]»(•  crussi'il. 
ip  the  stccji, 
ly  :t  ti'opical 
vy  liiiidciis. 
('  t.i^k.  aiiil 
mil  Nc.ui'iH's. 

llic  simiiiiit 
uloiidus  l*:i- 
1,  ami  soiiu" 

soiiio  fotirsc 
a  iiaviuaMf 
,'.  ir  flowed 
iiiiiiatt'd.  It 
I  iiuhi'ard  ot 
I'  iisi'.  Molt' 
scai'ct'ly  was 
iistnictiou  of 
I  \n  loi'i'cnts. 
s  inundated. 
m  I'aivly  os- 


li 


VA!>tv  mm:/,  in:  iiA/.iio.i 


9U» 


rn])'(l  di'owiiiiiir  by  (•limltiiiii  up  the  tiees,  and  icsidhi.cf 
ainoim'  the  liiaiiches 

-Vrii-r  a  lime,  inaiked  !)y  liiiiiuci  and  many  aiUeiitiiies, 
the  watei's  fell  and  the  indoinitaMe  ISallioa  and  his  men 
were  once  nioie  at  woiU      Snpplies  came  IVom  Aha.  ami,  in 

il    little  while    the   Discoverer  ul    t  he  Pacific  had  f  he  pleasnic 

ol'seein^-  Iwi.  of  his  I iniiaiil iiies  proudly  moving  on  the  IJaJvas. 
'i'hey  weie  ('(piipped,  lloated  down  the  livef.  and  soon  their 
ket'ls  I'Mt  the  wide  waters  of  the  Pacific.  What  mn-^t  have 
f)eeii    the   mtivpid    ( 'i Miimaiider's   einoiions    when    he   iir>l 

s)>read   his  sail  on   iiiat    nntra\ersed   < ;in.     liis  were  the 

first  European  ships  that  rode  on  its  luiny  hosom. 

There  are  points  in  the  hislo/y  of  the  Spani>li  discoveries 
nl  file  western  hemisphere,  which  make  IIS  pause  with  won- 
der and  admiralioii  at  llie  daiiiiL;-  spirit  of  the  men  u  ho  coii- 
ilm-ted  them,  and  the  ap'  '".._;■  dilii.'Mlties  surmounted  hy 
their  ('((iira.ue  and  perseverance.  \\\.  know  few  instances, 
liowever.  more  strikinii-  than  this  piecemeal  ti.iiispoitation. 
across  the  nionntains  o|  Darien.  of  the  first  Kuropean  .ships 
that  plonuheil  the  waves  (.f  ihi.  Pacific;  jmd  we  can  readily 
e.\cnse  the  l.oast  of  tile  old  Castijian  writers,  when  they 
exclaim,  "that  none  Imt  Spaniards  conld  ever  lia\<'  con- 
reived  or  persisted  in  such  an  uiidertakin.ii-.  and  no  coni- 
niaiuler  m  the  New  World  hut  \asco  Nnfie/  could  have 
condiicfed  it  to  a  successful  issue."    ' 

IJalhoa  s  first  cruise  m  th<>  Pacific  was  to  the  I'earl  Isl- 
ands on  the  lar.iiest  of  wliii-h  he  disenii.arked  tlii"  .uieaier 
part  of  his  men.  Here  it  was  ids  iiilenfion.  toI>uild  the  two  re- 
inainiinil)ri,i:aiitine.s.wliic!i  heicpiiivd  to  complete  thestpiad- 
ron  Onecd'  his  ear'iest  cares  was  to  uaiii  tlie  liood-will  id" 
the  natives,  lint  while  ])re])a  rat  ions  were  niakin.u'  for  th(> 
construction  (d  the  twi*  vessels,  his  active  s)>iiit  found  snit- 
iihle  occupation  in  various  reconnoireriiii,^  cruises.  In  one 
of  these  Jie  steered  about  twenty  lea.irues  beyond  the  (iutf  of 
St.   Micliael,  and   then   cast   anchor,  in  oriler   to  caliu  the 


s,,.  ail  m-r.iuiit  of  a  similar  ciitorpris,.,  ..„  a  miali  lar-cr  seal.",  hv  IKTiiaiid.)  (-(.rl,-.-,  ,u  tlu, 
1.1  Uirx  !-\'.':^v  of  till'  cit.v  of  .Mexico. 


M 


li^ 


I  i 


!" 


234 


r.i.sro  \(y/:x  />/•.  i,.\i.noA. 


uliinii  of  thf  siiilois,  will)  liiiwird  in  tli«'  dii^k  of  rvciiiiiju'  that 
tli.'v  n:i\v  ivi'Is  iiixl  iMviU.'rs  iili.-ail  Wlifii  I  In-  iiioiiiiny; 
<l;nvii«'i|,  liuwt'Vt'r  llif  wind  liad  cliaiiLrfd.  and  was  cnMliaiy, 
wlit'i't'iiiton  In'  alffit'd  his  naiisc.  and  liiiis  al>andnnt'd  a 
niiiM',  wliirli,  if  pcrscvi'ivd  in,  nii.niit  hww  tfrndnalf<|  in 
tile  discovt'iy  of  I'fi  ill ' 

After  sninionnrinL;  many  lu'w  uhstacles.  and  milnrinir  a 
vaii.'ly  of  liardsiiips,  In-,  at  l.-n.ntli.  liadtln-  salisfaf,  ion  of 
M'l-inu'  iIh'  two  otliiT  lai-aiilin.'s  linisii.'d.  lie  liad  now  four. 
In  ilirs.'.witli  tlir.M'  Inmdird  rhos.-n  nirn  a  fo'icc  snpciior  to 
rlial  uil)i  wliicli  I'iziirio  afl.-vwaids  nndntoojs  llir  sain."  »-x- 
]„-diti..n  onr  la'io  was  n-atly  to  sail  towards  Pern,  wlnai  in' 
I'ccfivcd  an  uni'xiK'ctcil  ini'ssaii*'  from  Davila. 

As  tin' (Jovcrnoi's  nronciliation  with  nall>oa  liatl  ni'v.-r 
lu'.'n  cordial,  iln' projri''"^^  \\W\i-\\  his  son  indaw  was  inakiim' 
ivvivrd  hisam-icnt  mmily,  and  otln-r  ciirnmstancfs  ad<lrd 
tu  its  ran.'or.  Calnmny  was  laisy.  Amon-  I'.allH.a's  most 
linsi.d  followers  was  a  .Indas  iianifd  Andrew  (iarahito. 
a  vile  wretch  who  did  .•verythinu'  by  letter  and  words  of 
nioiitli  to  l.lacken  and  l)etray  his  master. 

This  aronsed  th.>  low.  saspicious  natnr.-  of  Davila.  i'.e- 
.sldcs.  hedn-a<led  the  i-rosi.erity  and  elevation  of  the  brave 
jiml  uil'ted  man  whom  he  had  so  deci.Iy  injnred.  lie  feared 
that  snc<vss  woidd  enconraiie  the  Discoverer  of  the  i'acilic 
toainial  inde|M'ndenc(>;  and,  in  short,  so  violently  did  the 
r,assions  of  haired,  and  fear,  and  jeahaisy  take  possession 
;>f  his  mind,  that,  in  .a.ler  to  limrify  his  v.'nueancc,  he 
scrnple.l  not  to  defeat  an  enterprise  of  th<'  -reatesi  inipor- 

laiu'e  to  his  country. 

ruder  pretexts  which  w.>re  fals.',  but  phiusible,  the  (.iov- 
,.rnor  desired  lialboa  to  poslpoi...  his  voya.oc  for  a  short 
time,  an<l  to  repair  to  Ah-a,  in  order  that  he  mi-ht  liav<'  an 
inti'rview  in  relation  to  theexpe.lition.  lialboa,  with  the  un- 
suspicious .-onlideme  of  an  upri-ht  mind,  instantly  <.beyed 
the  summons;  but  as  soon  as  lie  tMitered  the  ])lace,  he  was 
arrested  bv  order  of  Davila,  wlios<'  impatien.-e  t(.  satiate  Ins 
reven-.^  did  not  sufTer  him  to  hm^uish  hm.i;'  in  conlinement. 

•  Irving. 


fvt'iiiii.u:  fliiit 
I  III'  iiioiniiit;' 
uis  ctiiitiiiiy. 
il):iiiili)nt'i|  ii 
['I'liiiiiiiti'il  ill 

1  <'ii(liirin,Lr  n 

lliNl'at'i  inll  nl' 

!i<l  now  rum. 
('  Mipniui'  |i> 
(lie  siillK'  «'X- 
'crii,  wlit'U  lie 

)!i  li:i(l  iu'vi'I' 
was  niiikiiiti' 
tiiMct's  iitldt'il 
lilllinii's  must 
»'u  ( J;irii)»itt>, 
ind  \vni(ls  (if 

l):ivilii.  15.'- 
1  (if  t  Im-  hnivc 
1.  lie  r.-iiivd 
»r  \]u'  I'iirilic 
•litly    (iid   IIh' 

kc  |KISS»'S!si(lll 
iCimCillMC,  Im' 
■ciitt'sl    illlpol- 

iltlc   tll»>    (.ioV- 

i«  for  a  sliort 
iii^lil  linvc  !in 
I,  with  lilt'  Mil- 
tiintly  olu'vcd 
])liict',  lie  was 
'  t(»  satiate  Ids 
L  conliiieinent. 


^^B 


v.\scn  xr^h'x  in-:  n.\/.no.\ 


Q'.rt 


Tlif  (ioM'iiiur  t'Vfii  \isiicd  I5;dliu.i  ill  piisuii.  ••  M,.  u^i 
lllllicted.  Tiiy  son,"  said  lli.-  iiasr  |iy|iociii(..  on  i,itt>  of 
flit'sc  o(Tasi(»ns,  '-ail  iiiMstiMMlioii  will,  doiiltilcss.  not 
ini'ifly  csialiiisli  your  innocence,  hiii  serve  lo  render  \  our 
zeal  and  loyalty  to\v;irds  your  Soveieimi  slill  more  con- 
spiciioiis.  '  Al  llie  same  liiiir  ||t>  was  iii,u,in.y'  the  jiidp-s 
to  |iioceed  .'inaiiisi  oiir  hero  wiih  the  niniosi  riH,,r.  The 
liiini|H'd  n|)  charues  of  <lisi,,yj||ty  |,,  the  Kinu'.  and  oj"  an 
inteniioii  lo  revolt  a,uai!ist  the  (Joveriior,  w.-re  prererreil 
nuaiiisi   ltall)o:i. 

The  trial  went  on.  d'aiaMlo  was  the  cliier  witness.  Willi 
the  hold  ell'ioniery  of  anaccom|ilis||ed  liar  and  scoundrel,  he 
HW(»re  to  the  trill h  ol"  every  ai-ciisatioii  hroii-hl  anainsi  his 
old  inasier. 

One  day,  after  c  .iirt  linirs.  iIk-  (lovernor  a.uaiii  visited 
Tl'ilhoa  in  i.rison.  This  time  he  threw  oil"  the  mask.   ••Iliiher- 

to.    F  have  treale<|  yoii  as  a    son."  he  exclaimed.   ••I.ecjilise   I 

thoii-ht  yon  loyal  ti.  yo'ir  Kin,ii\  and  to  nie  as  his  reiue 
sentative;  hut.  as  I  lim!  ymi  have  meditated  rei.ellion  auaiiisf 
the  Crown  of  Castile.  I  cast  yon  oil'  from  my  allVction,  and 
shall  heiicei"orth  licit  yoii  as  an  enemy." 

The  nol.le  I'.alhoa  repi'lled  the  char.u'e  with  elo,iienl  iiidiu-- 
nation.  ••Jlad  I  l.eeii  coi,sci..iis  of  my  unilt."'  h,.  replied, 
••what  could  have  induced  me  to  come  "here  and  jtiit  myself 

intoyoiir  hands  ^    Had  I  i liiaied  ivl.elli..n.  what  prevented 

me  from  camin.i;' it  into  <.ire<'t  f  |  h;„i  |o,ir  ships  re;„|y  to 
weiu'h  anchor,  tlnve  hiindivd  l.rave  m.'u  at  my  conini;'iiid, 
and  an  open  sea  heh.iv  me.  What  had  1  to  d,,  l",nt  l(. spread 
sail  and  j.r.'ss  forwards  There  was  no  <I,,nl.l  of  lindiii-  a 
land,  whether  rich  or  poor,  siidicienl  foi'  me  and  miiie."lar 
beyond  the  reach  of  y.,ur  control,  in  llie  iniioceiKv  of'  my 
heart,  however.  I  came  lieiv  pn,mi)ily.  af  your  nn-re  retpiest, 
and  my  reward  is  insult     slander    ciiains:" 

At  leiii-th,  the  trial  ended,  and  sentence  of  death  was  iin- 
.jiistly  i)f(monnced.  j'.ui  ,.ven  tin-  judges,  and  the  whole 
colony,  interceded  warmly  foi-  Ualhoa's  ].ar<loii.  Davila. 
liowever,  was  inexorable.  "If  he  has  merited  death."  <'x- 
daimed   tlie  tyrannical  Ch)\ernor,  clothed  in  ti  little  briei" 


1^ 


2:m 


y.\si  ft  .vr.VA/f  in:  ii.\i.in>.\. 


» 

« 


jiiifliorlty,   '•!••(   Iiiiii  «'iilV<'i'  fitiitlil"     lie  wiis.  ii(T(ii»llimly. 
rutnlciniii'il  to  In*  li<-|i)','i(|)'<|. 

(ilooiii  iiml  ilioiiiiiy  liiiiiu'  ovfi'  iIh-  iihIi-  Imwh  of  Alrii  tm 
the  iliiy  nf  cxiTiitiuii.  TIh'  pcupli'  niiiH'  lurlli  !«•  w  iiii»>.s  tlii> 
I'l'ml'lll  s|i('c(:ir|.'  ill  llic  piililic  M|ll!ilt'.  Wtll  lli'>  kliru 
lliilliit:),  \\|iiisi>  Nti'iliiiu' i|ii;ilili<>s  iiml  lniHiiiiit  iirliicvciin  nis 
liiiil  sii  nrtcii  unii  tlicir  ;iilMiii';iliiiii;  l)iil  iinu  llifv  \M-ii'  tilli'd 
w ii!i  ImiKtr  on  scriim  tin-  "iic.-it  st-rv  ices  nl'  siidi  :i  Itmvi'  iimii 
rt>)):ii(l  uilli  iLiiiulil  l>iit  |M-i>i'<'iiliiiii  :iii(|  :iii  iuiiniiiiiiiiiiiM 
<l":illi.  Still.  llii>  innltiliiilt' so  I'l'li  .-uid  rt'iiivtl  tlu'  iioii  i  iili- 
i)\'  D.ivilii,  iliiit  not  :i  voice  v\;is  iniscil.  'I'ln'  liistori:iii 
Mvii'flo,  \\|i(»  \\!is  tJH'ii  ill  llif  colony.  iisMiii's  US  llint  llic  luiihil 
(iovciiior  \v:is  liiinsrir  n  secret  witness  <•!  the  ;iuriil  scene. 
lie  looked  oil  tlljoimll  sj.iall  o|ieliiims  ItelWeell  (lie  iceds  ol" 
the  Willi  of  ;i  house  idioilt  twelve  |iiices  from  the  sc;i|Vo!d. 
Iilllliojl   llinde  ;i  hist  hlinilile  colilessioii.  Mild  I'  ■(  ei\ed  the  Holy 

('((miiiiiiiioii  with  seiitiiiieiits  of    inoroiiiid   hiilli  :iiid   |iiefy 

lie  died    like  !|    tine  Ciilholic    hero.       .\scelldillii'    the   sc;i(Vold 

uitli  !i  linn  stepiiiid  dit'iiilied  deinenr.oi.  he  lieiit  his  ni;inly 
form,  ciilinly  hiid  iiis  he.nl  upon  the  Mock,  iiiid.  in  an 
instant,  the  luiulit  soul  of  the  illnstiioiis  Discovei-er  of  the 
I'acilic  Oceiiii  was  released  from  its  earthly  lioiida.ue!  On 
the  uloiloiis  i<»ll  oi'  ••(  )ceaii  clii\alr\ ,""  the  name  of  llailioa  is 
K'cond  (tiilv  to  that  of  the  imniorlal  ('oliiinl»iis. 


T 


|l 


.  ncrdidliinly, 

\  II    III'    Ali'M    nil 

111  u  itiii'-s  tin* 

■II    lli'>    kiU'U 

iii'liicvi'iiii  Ills 

H'\    Wi'lc  liiliil 

li  ;i  liiMM'  iiiiill 
I    iuiiiMiiiiiioii'H 

I  till'  imii  iiil)> 
'['III-  liiNtiiiiiiii 
iIkiI  iIm'  I'I'iiImI 
'  ;i\\riil  scciif. 
'II  lln'  K'cds  uf 
I  till'  st'MJVdld. 
fi\cil  ilir  ll.ily 
iili  Mini  |>ii-iy 
lu-  flit'  M'jilVold 
tfiil  liis  iiiiiiily 
k.  jiikI.  ill  iiii 
scdvclfl'  (if  iIm' 
IkiikImuc  !  On 
It'  of  r>;illni!i  is 


II 


I 


1 


^ 


=^— 


HERNANDO  CORTES. 


IlI-k.N.WDO  COkTI-S, 


Tin: 


<;()N(in:i{(Hi  of  Mr;xito  .\m>  ins(  nM;m:i{(M-  (  Ai.iKouxi.i,* 


<'ll  A  I'l  K  It    ». 

Y<H*V(i    YI:MM    !M      INI     <  HNf/t  i;ii(i|J. 

li'nlh  ,nif/  /',inii/.s-  nf  (',,il,'s  -hltilii  ijiafH  Sitlls  /',„■  Ih' 
j.Yi/r\l'o/h/  -Fii.st  t/iiii'M  ill  .\ii,,ili;i  l.^  iip/ntiiiful  til 
rnininftiiil  nil  ivfuil'itiini  In  M> .rir„  \,his>pi,:  ,iinl  i'nt- 
tt'it -lHjfhiilJhs  nii'f  Jiiiiil  fill  iiiiriifl,,ii.s-  A/i/mti'iiinti 
nil'/  iiiniiii,  IS  (,/'  ( ',n'tiM~lhjiHi'(iiii'  i,f  (fir Jhif. 

Ih'nijinl..  <'.»ih''s  wiis  1.1. Ml  :it   Mril.-lliii.  a  .smml  ruwn  in 

S|>;iiii.  ill  III,"  y.'ir  I  IS-..  Ill  l.,.|..|iuv  I  f(ui  y..M.|  iill'l  !iliri..|it 
I'imilly.  His  j'atlh-r.  Don  MiiKiu  Vu\\vs,  «iis  ;>  ciipiain  ..f  in- 
liniti  y.  iiMt  v.'iy  \v.-;ililiy.l.iii  a  s,,i,|,.i,(.r  iiiisiilli,..l  Ik.iidi-:  tiiid 
iiisiiiiHli.-r.  |).,fi:i  C.italiiia  l»i/;iiin,  \v<-aiv  a>*<iiir.'r|.  w;,^  a  lady 
'tf  ur<':ir  ptt'iy  ami  wurih/ 

Mi-*  |»;iiviits  |jitfii.|«'il  hiiii   I'ui'  til.'  |.i(. !'.-;-.!. .11  ..I"  |;nv.  ;,ii(l 
af  III.'  :m..  ..r  l'oiiit..;.ii.  y.Miiiu'  ll.in;in.|..  u;is  v..|il  lu  tli..  Ini. 
v.'isily  .,r  SalaiiiaiKM.      If,.  ,„a.|.-  -..n,..  ).n,Livss  in   l..aiiiiii- 
»»ur   aCt.'!'  hvoy(.ni'M.  liis  anl.'iif  mid   i.'sit.'ss  ..,.|,iiis  iHraiiiM 

.IN..;>.sf...|   wi(lM.„||..n...li|V.;ii,.I    j,.,,,    ;„,.,„,,|    |„,„„..,,,   j  |,^.  ^,,.(,1 

«lisi,!,.;isi,nM.n,isfaMi,.|'aii.|  iiioth.-r.     Tli,.  s(,„l..nt  ri..n  oavr^ 

•ri,l,.f,„u|,,,Hll...,....,,t:    ri..|„..  '•TM.|.|f,.,.riI,nm,KlnC„rr^;"     rn.ro-t    "  HMorv  ,.f  .iJ 

;:,';:;;;,'; ■ -i-i.  a  f.r,.ii,„i„„n.vi,.„. .,.„..,„„ Nr..i..,,(>i,i.:ii„n:,ii';:/,i;;; 

^•^^^«r'''"'7^    T:  ^••■'.•^-'■'''•■■''  """  " '-  '■    H'"-.">:  Anhl.K H,.„ ,. 

i.u»!'m!.s1;;.j!;!-  ■ '  ■      "' "'"'  ^'''"•^'- ""  '""""■'"'  ■'•"-""^"'■■'i.  '"Hi  Mi-cci! 

v.r;:::;:oi;:^;;i;i;:;;f  ;:?'= "  ^•'«"-  -  -'  '•'^-'-  ■"  -> « -  -'  -  '■-  -« 

237 


f 


Iliin^i-lf    up   rlltiivl>     In  ll"»lv.'   •pnl'lMillMl    lUlirlllll    .'XHtIh.'*. 

tth  Im.I<I.  liii|>t'HM>»"»  »!i!iiivH||Mvv.'.l  t»  piiiil.'iiliii  l.iiiilmr  in- 
uiinlH  til.'  inlliiiny  |Tur.".«l..n.  im.l  Ills  Ki«'"t  iU'hIiv  wu^  fof  it 
lif,.  i.r  lulM'iinii*'. 

•losu.luHM'V.'i'Ui'ih.'M'l'"'  •'•"  ^'"*^  \y*^\\*\  W'l*  II  "•"^* 
hivitiiiu  II  I'l '  "i>'l  l»»  •'"'♦•  ''»  '''^  iil"""'"i»ll«  v.'iir.  Il.'iiminl.. 
r..ih''H  hv.'lv.'il  |Im>  l.'U.l.T  I.U's^hiirnr  hh  pii-'iits.  ntul  Horn.' 
iii..ii.-\.  iiti'l  ili.'iil>:i.l.'ii.ll<'M  rMtli.'Mimiy  ^li-'iv^nl'  hi-  imtiv.- 

Illll.l.'     \l'  <lil'"l  '"'  :>'»  <'N|.  "lili'>ll   l'"l'    lli«*pllllinl;i. 

\(  tliMt  till!''.  Ill"  Uiii«'tii;iii.  nv;iii(l.s  WHS  (i.»v«'ni<>i'  ..f  ili" 
l.lilllM.  iill'l  ^^  li.'ll  CmH.' *  Irni.l.Ml  tit  Still  hniiiiliu,,  |„.  \m,^  luust 
Uiil.lly    !• |\.-l.       II"  W!l>  lit   ..II.V  .'Miplnxr.l    ill  s..\..|lll    pn^l 

ilnii-I.r  ini-»  'iii.l  li.'iiur.  n,if  he  nii->iill  uiivnisll.'.l.  II.  u.-... 
^^\u•n  '.  .•l;i-.,ti-/,.  ill  l."»M.  llli.l»'it«...U  tlw  •uii.pi.'-l  <>l  l'"''!". 
,„„•  li.-n.  ^^hnllv  iilMM.I..n..a  Ills  qiiipt  lif.' for  ili..  Miiiiii^x 
H.'..ii.'s  th.'iv  opi'ii.'.l,  iin.l  f.H.k  piiil  ill  til-'  .■vp''<liti..ii.  In 
this    n.-w  sph.-iv  ..f  nrlivily.    Ii-  <liMiii-iii>li.4   l.nii-.-ir   s.. 

„„„.|,      ,!,;,(    nnlVsilllslMlhliliy    S..III."    Vi..l.'lll     .'..Ut.'^lH   Willi    \.' 

li.s.M asi.m.-tl    l>y    \;iii"Ms   iiivi:il   .-^.tils,  ho  was.    iit 

hMiulh.  i:iK«'n  iiil.»  lav..!-,  nii.l  r iv.l  lariiv  ■giants  of  lan.h 

!,M.i  ll|.ii:ilis  IIS  II  iNMM.llipi'tls.'  for  his  s<Tvic.-s. 

(•u,i.'-s  MOW  sptil.-.l  .1..UII  ill  <'"il'a.  n.'iii-  111.-  iHuii  ol  M. 
.l.,,.o  ..r  whi.-li  li.'  was  iift.-iwanis  i,pp..iiit.-.l  ma-istnit.'. 
U.^livMlon  his  .■slut...  aii.l  .l-'volcl  hims-lf  to  i.-n.-iilMiiv. 
In  II  tow  vais  w.-iillh  llowo.l  ill  I.,  him  in  i.l.mi.laiuM" :  iiinl. 
itapp'Mi's,  hM  a.hhMl  to  his  foiiiii...  aii.l  his  happm.-ss,  iit 
this  tim...  I.v  niaiTvinu'  a  worthy  aii.l  lu-aiitiliil  la-ly.  a 
n.nnlrv-wanian  of  Lis  own,  naiia.l   pMnii   (".latiiia  .hia.v.. 

Th,,i'i..h('oit.'.sha.lm.l   hilli.'ilnact.'.l  in  hi-li  .oiniiiiin.l, 
h.'  hii.l  .lisp!;iv.'.l  such  .pialili.-s  in  s.-v.-ial  s.vi,..s  ..i  .lill:- 
nillv   aihl   .humvi-.  as  jxavn   him  a    Ln-lit    ■■.•p"talion,  ami 
fnni.Ml  th.>  .-ys  oi  tho  Spanianis  Pmanls  him  as  ..<,.■   n,,  ii. 
M..  .,!•  p,.vr..n..inu^  ;:T..at  .l.-.-ls.     Tli."  tiuhul........  ..f  youth, 

ns  s..on  lis  h."  found  <.'m-«'1-  nnd  .M-..upi,li.ms  siiit.-.J  to  th.-ar- 
,lor  ..f  his  niimh  o,a.lu:,lly  siibsl.hMl,  and  s.^ttled  mto  haluts 
of  r.'<inlai\  nm-rasiim- activity. 

The  imp..tn..sitv  of  liis  t..mp.T,  wh.'n  h.-  camo  to  n<-t  xmIj 
his  equals,  insensibly  aba'.r.l.  hy  l.oin^'  kept  under  restraint, 


H 


mms.wfto  loiirfis, 


•j:ki 


Ifiihinu  to 
li'  wan  for  i\ 

WlC*   II    lll'Ht 

r,  lli'i'tiiiuil** 

•r  iii-  iiiitivf 

I. 

•  I'IKil'   nf    ill'' 

III"  VMi"  niiiHi 

fVt'l'lll     ["""i 

ll.'ll.  Il.'llf.-. 

•h|  III'  ('ii)i:i, 
111.'  siiiriiix 
it'<liti<>ii.     Ik 
irniivflf  HK 

uti*  xn'iiIi  \  •' 
III'  was.   nt 
lit-,  ol'  latuln 

f«»\vii  (if  St. 
iiiiiL^Klralt'. 
!iL:rifiilliir<>. 
iilaiiiM" :  iiinl. 
i:i|i|>iin'ss,  nf 
it'iil  lail\.  ii 
iliiia  .liiai'f''. 
Ii  ruiniiiand, 
ciicH  of  diil'- 
)titafiMii,  aii<l 
as  oMi'  <'iti  a- 
(■(>  of  yoiilli, 
tell  to  tlicar- 
'il  into  lial>its 

\o  to  ai't  witli 
dcr  restraint, 


mill  rl|)i>iiMt|  iriNi  ii  nihUiiUolilli'ily  fraiikiiixts.    Tlh"««>  i|iiall 
lii'H  WiTi*  iin'uiii|*aiiif«|  by  rtiliii   priDlftM')'  in  coiH'i'itiim  IiIm 
tIh'Iii  ■■.,  Ity  i»  }  <'Vt'ilii'4\ljU'oi  liif\»-tiiihiii(||,.(ii.  immI  !•>  «lial 
I"  iMTiiliar  to  iii|M'ilur  «t  iiiii".     the  art  of  ^.liiiiim   the  roiill- 

•  li'lM'M  Hint  ^^i»V«'ri>!tltf  l);*  lllilliio    of    Iht'll.       To  till     tlM*>««>    \ti>l'M 

a>Mi'il  tlii>  Hiir  illfr  ti< iM|iFi-|iMii'iitH  tlmr  MiriUi'  iIk-   \iilu'ar 

aiiil  ntiiiiii'aiiil  tin'lr  it'H|Mcl  a  ;j:iai"f^il  pi'i'sori,  a  v\|iiniliu 
f  JUtih'ii  i:in',  ivaiaiU  ilt|i'  >l\il|  lit  Wj  ilikf  t'\t'ici-.i'N.  rii'l  ii 
c'o(iHtltr<lio/k  ftf  sijt'li  iron  \  {-.or  M>4tii  h,«  capal)!)' o|  t'lKlmiivj; 
miy  faliaui'.  Snrli  was  tin-  itiua  llnally  st-li-ciiil  liv  (ioM>r. 
nor  \'i>lasi|iii'/  to  I'iMiaiaih!  >}<•'  «*\;) 'tliiiou  wliirli  was  to 
visit  attii  ••\|»Ioi'i'  tln»  rt'i'i'iitly  ilht  (»vi':','  I  cinpiii'  of  Mi'xii'o,' 

Coitt's  rt'n'iviil  Ills  roiiiiiii«>>ioii  wiili  f Ik- wai nn'sl  «'X|n»'s- 
sioiis  of  rt'H|i.ii  ami  ;:rafitiii|i'.  Hi  ihiiiifdin'tls  cn'cti'd  hl« 
Hfaiiilanl  iM'lori-  lijs  own  lioiisc.  appi'aii'il  in  a  ndlilaiy  ilit'ss, 
nii'l  !.««siimi'i|  all  llii' mai k««  of  liis  ni'w  tliunitN  Mis  nmioHt 
iiilliii'iicf  ami  ai'ii\ity  wnc  i  \i«v»i''l  in  pi'iMiaiJiii'^'  lii»  fiii'iids 
to  I'nu'a.ut'  in  tin' si-n  ire.  anri  in  iiruinn'  forward  tin-  iufpa 
rations  for  tli"  voya«'f.  All  his  own  funds,  top'tlicr  with 
ulial  iiioiit'y  lit'  roii'd  nrlsc  l»y  nioituauiiiu  Ids  lands  and 
Imlians.  wfi-p  ('Spcndi'd  in  liiiivliasinii:  military  stoics  and 
|iio\isioiis.  ol-  in  sii|i|il\  in^^  'In' wants  of  suih  of  his  ojllcis 
as  wi-n  iirialih'  lo  ninip  ilii'tiiscKi's  in  a  nianii'r  scitcd  to 
llifii'  lanU 

Inojl'i'iisivi'  and  i-vi'tj  iiia!v»\vf»rthy  as  this  cniidiict  was.  tin- 
dis.i|t[M)inii' I  roi»,}H'iitors  of  CoiirH  w.'ii-  nialirimis  rnoiiuh 
(o^ivr  it  a  turn  lo  n^-^  disjiilvariiauf  'lln'V  ii'i»i»'s('nt»'d  him 
as  already  aiming  ••vctj  with  liltli>  disuniM'  at  cstaMishin^ 
,in  indi'pi'mh'iit  anilioriry  ovit  his  tnn  ps.  an<l  I'lidcaNoiinx 
to  s!i'r:i:('  tln'ir  ivspcrr or  lovi-  hv  his  showy  and  intt'icsicd 
lil><»'«li\v  Tln-y  ivniindcd  \  i-la-ipK'/,  of  his  foiimr  dissen- 
sions wiOf  th«'  man  in  whom  in-  now  ri'jioscd  so  miirh  n.n- 
lidt'iict'  and  fojt'told  that  Coilrs  would  Im- nioiv  apt  to  avail 
hiinst'li'  (I  tini  jiowcr  which  fin-  (loveinoi'  was  inconsiih-r 
at«'ly  piirfin^'  in  Ium  liands,  fo  nvcnjre  past  iiijniifs,  than  to 

'  Jiliiti  (Ic  drljjilvii.  II  S|iiiii-li  iiinv_  nor  -iii'  O'lf  hv  III-  (iiiviTiionif  «'  |(i»  rlUniMri.l  \|i  vlcn 
in  llir -prliiu  "f  IMS  ti  yu\\  IHii/  miil  I'l'lrii  (\v  Alviifiiilii-two  iiiiiiu'-'  wc^V  Uik'rt-i  In  lurly 
AiiHTlciin  hUt<>o-"eri'  in  ililc  isiKillium. 


I  i 


i>-10 


ji/:i,'.\A.yi)ij  coiiT/^s 


rt'iwiy  rcct'iit  obliniilions.     Siicli  iiislmiiifioiis  did  iiol  Tiiil  to 
iiiilD'i'ss  tlie  suspicion^'  mind  nf  \'tl!is(jiu'z. 

Ir  is  siiid  an  iiccidcntid  circunistiinci'  likewise  added  fo 
tlies((  siispieions.  One  day  Cortes  aii<l  tiie  (idveiimi' \vei(^ 
talxini;-  tlieir  ni(ti;dn,n'  waiiv  tn.uetliei-  touaids  ilie  jiKit.  A 
rracliltrained  jester  railed  out:  "Have  a  caie.  Master  Ve- 
lasqne/.  oi' we  sliall  liave  to  ,no  iidMintiii.u.  some  day  or  oilier, 
lifter  this  same  Cai)tain  of  oiiis!" 

••Do  you  liearwhat  the  ro.^ue  saysf'  exclaimed  the  (iov- 
t'l'nor  to  his  eoaipanioii. 

'•Do  not  heed  him,""  remarked  Cortes.  '-He  is  a  sauey 
knave,  and  deserves  a  .uood  whippinii."  i5iit  \'elas(pH'Z  was 
J'ar  I'roni  ror,i;-eltin,i;-  tin-  ri>:)rs  vvarniu.j;.  ills  distrust  ol'  Cor- 
tes .ti'iew  day  by  day,  and  friends  in  jtower  advised  the 
youni-' Cominander  to  hasten  Ins  dejiarture.  On  (his  (.cca- 
siou  he  showed  the  saim-  piompi  decision  which  more  than 
once  aftei'wards,  in  perils  and  adventures,  -^ave  the  direc- 
tion to  his  destiny. 

The  (iovernor's  instructions  for  the  conduct  of  the  e\pe(li- 
liun  dcsrrve  a  word  or  two  here.  'I'liey  weie  drawn  up  with 
wisdom.  Cortes  was  lii'si  t<.  iind  (irijalva.'  lie  was  then  1(» 
release  si.v  Christians  said  to  be  in  captivity  in  Yucatan. 
Tj'adewith  the  natives  was  iiiiother  j^-rent  object  of  the  cn- 
]ie(lition.  This  was  to  be  done  with  care  and  kindm'ss.  foi- 
Coiteswasto  b(>ar  in  mind  that  the  conv.'ision  of  the  In- 
dians was  a  niatt.-r  of  the  hi-hest  importance,  lie  was  to 
make  an  accurate  survey  of  the  coast  for  the  beuelit  <  f  fu- 
ture navigators.  lb'  was  to  familiari/.i"  himself  with  th<^ 
countrv,  iTs  i.e(.i)le.  and  its  institutions;  aial,  liiially.  he  was 
to  inkl ///>■  iiiosf  nirrfa'  <-ir,'  t.»  omit  notliin-'  that  mi-ht 
red()un<l  t.»  the  -lory  of  (b>d  and  the  honor  of  his  sover- 
ereii^nis.  Thus  relio-ion,  science,  and  commer<-e  were  each  to 
iwJive  due  attention.  T.y  this  conunission  Cortes  was  rec 
rx-'nizedas  (jaj.tain  (General  of  the  expedition.'^ 

""onr  hero  ur-ivd  forward  the  i)reparati(ms  with  sn.-h   ra- 
pidity tlmt  he.  set  .sail  from  St.  Ja-o  on  the  ISth  of  Nov.mu- 


J  Orijnlviv  bad 
s  rrc6colt. 


not  VL't  rt'turiied  from  tlio  voyngu  In  which  ho  discovurod  .Mexico. 


ill  111)1  I'itil  lu 

[(tvt'llinl'  were 

till'     pDl't.         A 
'.    MilsIlT    Vl'- 

(liiy  oi'  iillii'i', 

IIImI     till!    (U)V- 

Ic  is  a  siiui'V 

,i'l;|S(|ii('Z  was 

sinisi  III'  ('()]•- 
aihisi'il  tiiM 
On  tliis  iicra- 
I'll  iiinri-  than 
,vt!  llu-^  iliivf- 

nl'  till'  r\|iiMli- 

Irawii  lip  witli 

ji'  was  tlicn  tit 

ill   ^■lll■aiall. 

•rl    1)1"    till-   CN- 

kiiiiliii'ss.  I'lii- 

111!     Ill'     till'     lll- 

1'.  ill'  was  to 
■  Ix'lii'lit  i\'  I'll- 
iscll'  with  llu! 
liiially.  Ill'  was 
vj:  lliat  iiii^lit 
(if  liis  sDvrr- 
(>  wi>r<'  each  to 
(»i'li''s  was  iri.'- 

•i 

wirli  siii'li   ra- 
■^rh  of  Novciu- 


Muxico. 


iii:i!.\.\:;i)(>  ( ()itTf:s. 


241 


IxM'.  Vf'hisquoz  a('('i>iii[)ani»'il  him  to  tlic  shore,  and  took 
leave  with  an  appearance,  it  is  saiil,ol"  peilec^r  conlidence  ami 
i'riemlship.  lie  had  secnttly,  however,  char-^ed  some  of  tlii^ 
officers  of  file  jirmani(Mit  fo  keep  a  watchful  eye  on  the  con- 
durt  of  their  (Ntminander.' 

(!ortes  i)ioceeiIeil  to  Trinidad,  a  small  settlement  on  thn 
same  side  of  the  island,  whei'e  he  was  joined  by  seveinl  ad- 
ventiii'ers,  and  received  a  supply  of  piovisions  and  military 
stores.  I )f  which  his  stuck  was  still  - ci'y  incomplete,  [fe 
had  hardly  left  St.  .la.uo,  however,  when  rhe  jeali.iisy  which 
had  hi'cn  workini;'  in  the  breast  of  th<.  (loveriinr  View  so 
violent  that  to  snpp-.-ss  it  any  li»ii-er  was  impossible.  Sus- 
picion, with  fresh  vioor,  aroused  his  diseased  imagination. 
The  rivals  of  (joites  did  not  fail  to  increase  his  feais.  .\II 
these  inlluences  prodlici'd  tile  ilesileil  ellrct.       Vela'^qile/  now 

bitteily  icpenfed  of  his  own  imi)riideiice  in  liavinu'  com- 
mitted a  trust  of  such  vast  importance  to  the  fiituie  Coii- 
(pierorof  Mexi(M)  in  short,  he  hastily  dispaldied  orders  to 
the  chief  nia-istrate  at  Trinidad  to  arrest  Cortes  and  dej.rive 
him  of  his  commission.  Foi-  various  ivasons  dictated  by 
prndi'iice  the  mai-istiate  disreo-anli'd  these  instruct  ions,  and 
the  armament  was  ]M'riiiitti'd  to  depart  J'rom  Trinidad  with- 
out nioli'stalioii. 

Fioai  Trinidad  Cortes  sailed  for  Havana,  in  order  to  ralso 
hiore  soldiers,  atnl  to  complete  the  victuaiinu'  of  his  lleet. 
Theiv  sevei'al  persons  of  ilistinction  joined  the  expedition, 
and  eii-a-ed  t,,  siij.ply  what  provisions  were  still  waiitiim". 
J'.Ilt   toarcomplish  this,   time  was   Ite-es-^aiy.      A'elasipie/  t'eit 

that  he  onuht  no  Ion-,  v  to  ivly  ii| ;,  „;;,*„  ^vhonl  he  had  so 

openly  mistrusted,  and  availed  hiinsi-lf  of  the  nnavoidable 
delay,  to  make  one  more  attempt  to  wrest  the  command  out 
of  the  hand  of  Cortes." 


';-    ^'^'i;-.»l.o,„  I'lvs,.,,,,  f u-..dv,.s„  ,lim.r.>.t  version.   Crlr.,  i„  hh  l,„rrv,  „.:„!,.  ,,,■..,,«- 

■HUH  ,„  s„l ,,    ,  lawn  of  ,lav.     WU,.,,  Iho  i;„v..n>»r  l„.„r,l  th„r  M„.  Il,r,  w„s„l„,„t  to  .t,,,',,.  |,„ 

;  o  f  -■■''  '.'',"■''  '  7"  !"  '""  "'""-f-     '■"••"'•^  """•'•'■'I  "»  'nM,..,l  Imnt.  ,,,,,1  ,■„,„,.  ^ i„  .p,,,ki„i; 

i>  .......       N  ,   flu..  ,1,.,  vo„  ,,,„,  f,,,m  in,-"  ..sHninud  .1,,.  anu'ry  V.l,,s,,„,.x.    "A  .onrl...,,,: 

,.:  ,.^':'-    '■';•■■  <""y;"    -I'.,- ,  n«,.,"sai,l  Co....^:  ..,|„„.  „,„..,.,.  „„„  „„,.,.  „r..  M.me 

o     !    I  .,  ,"",;."'-"'"',';;-»■-■■""•  »^"'  "-'-I.'.  m,,l  CortC.-  ,^a-,..  a  ^.niu^  adieu  with  a  „oiu"o  wuvo 


242 


iiKusAsix)  coirrijs. 


11, >  disi.atcli.Ml  !i  tnisty  odicvi-  to  tli.'  l/i.MiU'iiiint-C^v.Tm.r 
sit  linviina,  with  tlic  iix.st  positiv.-  c.id.'is  instantly  to  s.'i/.<! 
Culr^  and  to  srnd  him  a  inisonrr  und<'r  a  stroii.i;-  iiw.wd  to 
St  .Ia''(.  'I'll''  sailin-  ol  tlic  llcK  was  also  to  lu'  countcr- 
n.an.l.'l  until  inith.T  orders.  I5.it  Ui'Unv  tli.-  arrival  ..1'  tins 
messen-vr,  a  Franciscan  Father  of  St.  .lau..  had  scrctly 
r„nv.'vcd  an  accimt  ol'  this  interest iiiji'  !.:ansaction  to  Father 
HiMtiiolomeu  de  Olniedo,  U.  S.  F.,whoacl.-d  as  chavlam  to 

the  ("xiieiliiion.  ,     ,    .  ,  , 

Forewarned  was  I'or.'ann.Ml.  Corti-s  had  time  to  <aUe  pre- 
,.,ntions  for  his  oun  safety.  His  lirst  ste,.  was  to  iind  s..n,e 
IHvtevt  ro,.,enioviimfroninavana..la.nes.h.()rda/„anoli.cer 
,,,•.,.,,,..„  „H.,.it,  l.nt  in  whom,  on  account  of  iiisl<nown  altacli- 
niN.t  to  Velastiuez.  lie  could  not  place  conrHh'iice  m  this  try- 
i„„..H,d  delicate  junclure.  lie.  therefore,  oavc  him  the  com 
nnnd  of  a  vess.'l,  destined  to  take  on  hoard  s.m.e  i,r..visi..iis 
to'a  small  harhor  l.eyon.l  ("a,K.  Ant..nio:  ami  thus  made 
.secure   of    his   absem-e,    Nvitln.ut    seemin-    to    sn^l '"<'t    I'ls 

lill*'l''y-  ,  ,  111,.-,; 

When  Ordaz  was  -one.  Cortes  no  hm-er  concealed  lioi 
his  troops  the  designs  of  Velas^iue/,.  The  olhcers  and  so 
diers  were  equally  impatient  to  set  out  on  an  -'^l^l"  ';"';  '.'» 
preiiarin.'  for  which  most  of  them  had  expemled  al  their 
Irt^unesrand,  ou  h-'arin^  such  news,  thev  <'M':--;  •''^;;; 
astonishment  and  iii<li,unati.m  at  that  illiheral  jeahaisx.  to 
which  the  (Governor  was  about  to  sacr. lice  m.t  ...dy  1  e 
],„„„.  „f  their  (Jem-ral  bnt  tlu'ir  own  arch-nt  hopes  ol  .uUmv 

'*' wTth  Im'e  voice  thev  entr.'ated  their  CVminiander  m.t  to 
,l,and<m  tlie  important  station  to  whi.di  he  had  such  a  ^ood 
tifle  Thev  warmly  conjured  him  not  to  deprive  Hem  <d  .i 
leader  wh.'.m  th..y  followed  with  sit.-h  unbounded  conlr 
dence,  and  olTered  to  she.l  the  last  drop  of  tlu.r  blood  m 
,,,i,tainin,,  his  authority.  Cortes  was  easily  "^^Inced  to 
oomplv  with  w  hat  he  himself  so  ardently  desired  He  de- 
claredVith  deep  solemnity  that  he  would  -™^;^-:^  ^  " 
diers  who  had  -iven  him  such  a  signal  proof  of  then  ..tta  h- 
menl  and  rromised  at  once  to  conduct  them  to  that  rich 


111 


,t-(iovt'i'n(»r 
tly  lo  sA/M 
<X,  li'iliiid  to 
lu'  cimntcr- 
■ivul  oi'  tliis 
;i(l  sccrrlly 
.11  to  Fiillicr 

(•llil](l!liU  to 

to  <:ik<'  ]tr<' 
(•  liiul  sonic 
iz.  :m  ollircr 
own  ;ill:i«'li- 
■  in  this  iry- 
iin  till'  com 
(^  jii'ovisions 
llius  niiule 
susi.t'ct    liis 

iccalrd  Iroin 
t'l's  iind  sol- 
ciK'(liti(»n,  in 
led  idl  tlirir 
ii't'sscd  llu'ir 
jenlousy,  to 
lot  oidy  tilt' 
>p(*s  of  li'lory 

uider  not   to 
siu'li  :i  ii'ood 
vt'  tliem  of  ii 
iiiidcd    conli 
lu'ir  blood  ill 
'  indiicfd  to 
red.     lie  de- 
er desert  sol- 
tlieir  attach- 
to  that  rich 


JlKllXA  MX)  CO  It  Tf:s. 


243 


country  wliicli  had  been  so  joiiir  the  obji-ct  of  their  thoiimhts. 
This  dechiiiitioii  was  received  with  wild  a|>|ilaiise. 

Kveiythiiii--  was  now  readv  for  the  deiiartiiie.  Mm  al- 
thonuh  this  expedititin  was  lilted  out  by  the  united  elVoits 
of  the  S[»anlsii  pttwer  in  Cnba.  thoiiyii  every  settlement  lia<l 
c(»iitiibiite(l  its  (|iiota  of  men  and  provisions;  thoii^iih  CortiVs 
liail  laid  ont  considerable  sums,  and  each  adveiitnivr  had  ex- 
hausted his  slock  or  strained  his  eredii.  the  poverty  of  the 
])repar{itions  was  such  as  nnist  astonidi  the  present  a^e,  con- 
sideriiii;'  the  vast  oI)jeet  in  view,  it  was  ail  armament  (U's- 
tined  for  the  coiitpiest  of  a  ureal  empire. 

'i'lle  lleet   consisted  of  eleven  Vessels.      The  lariTest   carried 

abiMit  on.  hundred  tons,  and  was  diiiiiilied  with  the  name  of 
T/ir  Afliiiiiiil.  Three  were  of  seventy  or  eighty  tons,  and 
the  rest  were  small  opi'ii  barks.  ():i  board  <»f  these  were  six 
hniidred  and  seventeen  men,  of  which  live  hundred  and 
eiu'lit  beloiiued  |o  the  land  service,  and  one  hiindredand  niim 
Were  mariners.  Accordinu:  to  the  niimber  of  ships,  the  sol- 
diers were  divide<l  into  eleven  coiiiiiariies.  To  <'ach  ship 
Cortes  appointed  a  captain,  and  «'har,iied  him  with  the  com- 
niiand  of  the  vessel  while  at  sea,  and  of  the  men  when  on 
shore. 

As  the  use  of  fire-arms  aTnoiiLi:  the  nations  of  Kiirni>e  was 
hitherto  coniiiied  toii  few  battalions  of  reirularly  disciplined 
infantry,  only  thirteen  soldiers  were  armed  with  muskets, 
thirty-two  were  cross-bowmen,  and  the  rest  had  swords  and 
s]iears.  Instead  of  the  usual  defensive  armor-  which  would 
have  been  too  cumbersome  in  a  very  hot  climate  the  sol- 
diers wore  jackets  (piilted  with  corton.  Kxi.erieiice  had 
j.roved  that  this  was  a  snllicu'iit  protection  a,i;ainst  tho 
weapons  of  the  Indians. 

The  i(rinci])al  standard  was  of  black  velvet,  embroidered 
with  .u'old,  and  emblazoned  wilh  a  red  cross,  amid  flames  (»f 
white  and  blue,  with  this  motto  in  Latin  beneath:  "  l'\i(ii<ls\ 
hi  iiK  foJIow  the  Cross;  diul  /i/i</cr  (his  sit/it,  if  tec  /laro 

fdiUi,   icr  sIkiJJ  co/if/lfrr."  ' 

Cortes  at  this  time,  writes  the  classic  Prescott,  was  tliirty- 

'  rri-cott. 


244 


jiKiixAyDo  coinf:fi. 


tlircH,  (»r  itt'iliiips  tliirty-!'(mr  \vnrs  of  a,u;<«.  In  stiihirt'he  wmh 
liitlu'i-  iil><)Vf'  tlir  iiiiiltlU'  si/,»'.  His  coinplc'xloii  was  jialc; 
inxl  liis  l:ir<;;H  (hii'k  eye  ^iive  an  ••xitivssinn  (»f  jj,iavity  to  his 
<'oiint»*naiict\  not  to  liavt'  been  exjdM'tcd  in  liis  fjiceiful  tcm 
]tci:inn'iit.  His  li^iiiv  was  slend*')',  at,  lta>t.  aniil  later  in  lilV, 
but  Iiis  chest  was  (h'Pj),  liis  shonhh'is  broad,  his  franjn  niiis 
ndar  and  w('Il-|)r(»])!irtiont'd.  It  presented  the  union  of 
jijiility  and  vii-or  wliieli  (pialilied  ]dni  to  excel  in  fencint!,', 
liorseiiianship.  and  Iht^  oIIh'I'  generous  ex<'rci:  es  of  chivaliy 

In  his  diet  li"  was  temperate,  caielcss  ol'  what  he  ale,  and 
driidviny  little;  while  to  toil  and  privation  he  seeinei'  jn-r 
i'ecily  indiirei'cnt.  His  dicss-Toi'  he  did  not  disdain  the 
imi>ression  produced  by  such  adventitious  aids  was  such 
as  to  set  oil"  his  handsome  jteisoji  to  a(lvanta<i-e;  neithtM* 
^iaudy  n<»r  sirikinu'.  but  rich.  He  wore  feu  oinanients,  and 
usually  the  same;  1)iit  those  were  of  <iieat  pr'ce. 

His  manners,  frank  ami  soldier  like,  concealed  a  most  cool 
and  calcnlatin^- spirit.  With  his  <iayest  humor  there  niiu- 
uled  a  si'ttle<l  air  of  resolution,  which  made  those  who 
approached  him  feel  they  must  obey,  juid  which  infused 
souii'thiiiLi'  like  awe  into  the  attachment  of  his  mi»si  devoted 
fojiowci's.  Such  a  <'oail»iuation.  in  which  love  was  teiupered 
by  authority,  was  the  one  proliably  best  calculated  to  inspire 
<levotioii  in  the  i'ou,l;1i  and  turbuh-nt  spii'its  anion^-  w  horn  his 
lot  was  to  be  cast.' 

liis  address  to  his  soldiers  before  departiiiir  was  cliaraciei- 
istic.  '*  I  hold  out  to  you  a  glorious  prize,""  said  the  intrepid 
<{eneral,  "but  it  is  to  be  won  by  incessant  toil.  (Jreat  thiiius 
are  achieved  <iidy  by  ureat  exertions,  and  ulory  was  never 
the  rewai'd  of  sloth.  .  .  Vou  are  few  in  number,  but  st roui;- 
i\  I'esolution ;  and.  if  tliis  does  not  faltei',  doubt  not  but  that 
the  Almiuiity.  who  has  never  deserted  the  Spaniaid.  ir.  liis 
contest  with  the  Inliilel.w ill  shield  you.  tliouuh  encompassed 
by  a  cl(»ud  of  enemies;  for  y(»ur  cause  is  a  J'/s/  r((i(.s(\  and 
you  are  to  liuht  under  the  bann<'r  of  the  Cross.  (Jo  forward, 
then,  with  alacrity  and  conlidenccs  and  cany  to  a  glorious 
issue  the  work  so  ans])iciously  beunn."" 


i 


>  '•History  of  tlio  Conquest  of  Mi.'.\ii;o." 


JTERXAXDo  ronr/is. 


2I.-5 


ihirt'lie  was 
I  was  jialc; 
iivity  fn  his 
iceifiil  trill 
later  in  lilV, 
frainn  iniis 
I!  union  ol 
in  fi'iH'iiii;', 
ol"  rliivaliy 
lie  atp,  and 
sceliM't'  pt'l' 
disdain  tin- 
;--\\as  Midi 
lic;  ncitlit'i' 
inicnts,  and 

a  most  ('ool 
fliei'p  niin- 

I  iiosc    w  llo 

icli  inl'Msed 
lost  dt'vott'd 
iis  tcinpci't'd 
'd  to  inspire 
1^"  wiioni  liis 

IS  cliai'actci'- 
tlic  intrt'pid 
heat  tliin.us 
r  was  never 
•,  but  stronij,- 
not  lint  thai 
liai'd,  iii  his 
'neonipassed 
'  rdi/sr.  and 
(Jo  forwaid, 
I)  a  glorious 


Holy  Mass  wns  then  celelnated  wifli  irretif  solemnity,  and 
the  tleet  phu'ed  under  the  sj>ecial  itri.tection  of  the  Aposth? 
St.  I»eter.  fhepatnni  saint  (.1"  Cortes.'  All  was  now  in  readi- 
ness, and  (.n  the  18th  of  February,  l.")!!),  the  arniainent; 
willod  for  the  coast  of  Yucatan. 


f 


ClIAPTKl?   II. 

HKtJINNINd  1)1-  TIIK  lt<»AI>TIIAT  I,i;i»T«»  AN  I  NKNoWN  rMlMIM. 

lii'thi'nn  o  hithf  anil  iisi-fiif  I'nplin—A  nnh'  rnuptinii  — 
Tln'Jir.s!ha)lliinfii  thr  lii<thiiis—Thc  stcoml  nimil- 
lit'(  Uu'  Faith  Valm  i<iiii<hiii  in  a  in'hl  la  ml  An-aii 
for  Mvxi('(t  -  ^\rip  r/.s'/A>/'.v  aii<l  iiul  hails  of  hih  ri>n  lalioiis 
-./>ana  Marina  Mnnh:inna,  Ihr  Mr.rira/i  /•Ji/i/n  ri>r 
An  infrriu'i'in  anil  ifx  n-xnltx  -Inilian  painh  rs—Anlan- 
inhntinl  if  Ihi'Mi'.ricans. 

As  Cortos  (It'tcrmiiit'il  lo  toiwli  :it  rvi-ry  itliicc  whidi  (Jri- 
jiilvii  liiul  visilcd,  he  sl.'civd  diivctly  hrtvards  the  ishmd  cf 
Co/jimcl.'  Ilt'iv  he  trt'iitt'(l  tlic  iiiitivcs  with  ,ui'<  iit  Uiiidiit'ss; 
aiiid  hiid  the  yond  fortune  to  rt'dcfiu  .IcroiiK'  ih'  A-^iiihir.  :i 
Sicuiish  «'ctlfsi:istic,  who  hiid  Ix'cii  right  yeiivs  n  inisoiicr 
ninoiij;  tlic  Indisins.  Auiiiliii'  wiis  ix'ri't'ctly  nctiiiiiinlfd  with 
wovcnd  of  th.'  Indian  dialt'cts,  and  was  a  man  of  laiidcncc 
and  frit'd  viitiic     lie  itrovtMl  t-xtrt'intly  uscfid  as  an  intcr- 

Jjlt'tcl". 

Lcaviiiir  (!o/Mni('],  ('oitrs  doidilcd  ('ajx!  (.'atoclic  swept 
down  the  bntad  Hay  of  Campeachy.  and  cast  anehor  at  the 
montli  of  tlie  Tabasco.  A  sand  bar  left  tlie  water  sliallow  at 
tlie  entrance  to  tlie  river.  Mangrove  trees  stud(h'd  tie' 
baidvs,  and  many  an  Indian  cast  sus].icions  ol;,nces  from 
amon.si  tiuM  matted  forest  at  the  Spanish  sciuadron. 

Cortes,  tlirouirh  liis  interpreter,  aslved  iterinission  to  dis- 
eml)ark;  but  lie  was  answered  with  iin;"'y  ,uc>tiires  and 
.sliouts  of  (h'!i:in(e.  He  landed  Ins  troops,  however,  and 
assured  ihe  nativ.  s  that  all  he  wi-^hed  was  a  free  pas.sajn*^  for 
Ids  men.  He  de^ired.  he  said,  to  1.-'  .'i!  friendly  terms;  if  it 
came  to  bloodshed,  the  sin  would  vest  on  their  own  heads. 


>  A  email  Uland  off  lUc  oastom  coast  of  Yucaluii. 


240 


HEUXAxm  conrfi!^ 


i>17 


w  N  !:Mi'iiti; 

llCtptllHI  — 

(iiiil     A /I'll// 
(lis  -  Axh>H- 


(>  which  (Jri- 

hc  island  <•!' 

at  kimliH'ss; 

h'  Auiiiliii'.  a 

•s    il     |)l  JSIlllCl' 

iiiiintcd  with 

(if    IHIldt'llCc 

as  an  iiitt'i- 

lochc,     S\\"t'|it 

anchor  at  tlic 
(')•  siiallow  at 
stuihh'd  tli<' 
jilariccs  I'ldni 
ion. 

isslon  tf>  (lis- 
^•('^ titles  and 
liowt'vci',  and 
M'  ]»a,ssage  lor 
y  terms  ;  if  it 
r  own  heads. 

240 


The  suva^es  raised  a  fierce  wur-cry,  and  a  sjiuwer  of  arrows 
fell  on  the  Siiaiiiards. 

Tlie  Indians  were  numerous,  and  f<Mi,ti>it  with  despcnitioii. 
At  lirsi,  i.;  was  a  hand  !o  hand  siniiiuie  u\\  the  sli|)|i,.|v 
haidis  uf  the  stream.  Cortes  h'd  the  attack  in  fierson,  anil 
beneath  his  iron  h!ow.s  sank  many  w  dusky  warrior.  Ilr  at 
fracted  such  attention  tliat  tlie  savayvs  were  heard  to  call 
out  to  one  anotlier;  ••  Strike  at  the  «-lner!"  Wiien  at 
ieMiiili  tho  liiiiilier  ;;■..  Mill  ujs  fairly  u-aiiied,  the  troops  hdj 
into  Old..]-,  and  ojx-ned  Inv  i.n  the  wild  men,  wh.»  reiivaled 
in  dismay  to  the  t(»w:i  of  Tabasco.  It  was  s(.on  taken  by 
the  S|taidards. 

''''"'  \\l''»l iiiHy  was  now  ill  arms.     .\iid  thus,  at  the 

very  beninuiii.y',  Cortes  found  himself  .■iitan-led  in  an  iin- 
lirolitable  conllici  with  overwhelmiui;-  I'oes.  'rii.-re  was  no 
alteiinitive  ;.owe\er.  I.iit  to  li-ht.  or  beat  a  laisfy  and  in- 
f-h.rioiis  retreat.  Miif  the  Coii(|iieror  (d"  .M.'xiVc.  nevt r 
turned  his  back  on  tie'  fo,'.  and  he  <.nly  waited  lor  the  mor- 
row to  say,  "  Foiwani:"  It  was  ilic  -.OllK.f  March,  the  Fesii. 
val  of  the  Annunciation.  I.'.i!).  The  sun  lose  (.11  the  littlo 
iirmy  as  it  devoutly  heard  .Mass,  and  then  sallied  loith  jor 

til''   l)attle -held. 

Oil  (he  broad  jilains  of  Cciitla  about  4o.(i()(»  Indians  wero 
drawn  up  in  liostile  array.     They  had  cla.sen  a  -o,,.!  p„Hi. 
ti«»ii.     .vs  th((  weary  Spauiar.l-,  marched  slowly  in  si<-ht  over 
the  swampy  ^roniid  that  sejiaiated  the  combatants,  a  wild 
yell  broke  from  the  dusky  lin<"s.  and  the  work  of  death  and 
cariia,<?e  be.uan.     The  ,uuns  made  terrible  havoc  in  tli.>  dense 
columns  of  the  Tabascans-  hat   iv,<-ardless  of  dan-er,   tho 
coiinth'ss  miiltitiKh' of  barbarians  i)ressed  the  troops  on  every 
.side.     All  at  once,  the  icar  (d"  the  sava-i'es  api)eaicd  to  be 
thrown  into  disorder.     It  was  not  lon<--,  writes  the  Ameri*  aw 
liistorian  of  the  CcuKiuest,  before  the  ears  of  the  Christians 
were  saluted  with  the  cheerinu,-  war-cry  of  '-San  Jauo  and 
San  Pedro  :  "  ;,nd  they  beheld  the  bright  helmets  and  swords 
<>f  the  Castilian  chivalry  flashinu-  back  the  rays  of  the  moin- 
iny-  sun.  as  they  daslied  throiiu-h  the  ranks"  of  the  enemy, 
stiikin---  to  the  n^ht  and  left,  and  scattering  dismay  around 


S48 


UKUSASho  coiniis. 


fltrm  The  i'V<'  ••r  fnitli,  iiwl.-.-.l.  coul.l  discTii  ihf  Pillion 
Saint  Ml'  Spiiiir  liims.-ir.  niu.mf.Ml  on  his  amy  war  hm?.*'. 
l.-aaiiiK  lli«'  r«'.Hcu.'  and  riami.lin«  «»v''r  rli«'  I"»Ii«'h  <'I    tlio 

falii'ii  iiifalfN 

Tims  Curl.'s  and  liis  liril.-  I.aii.l  el'   ravaliy  rliaiipMl   tliM 
tide  (.1"    l.altl.'.     Til.'   i<Mit    ui"   til.'    lii.lianH   was  u.iM|.l.'t»'. 
'riii'lo^swliirli  tli.'V  siistaiii.'<i.  aii.l  siiil  iiioiv  ill.' asi..iii>^li 
„„.|ila.i.lt.'!ToiM.xrit.'.l  l.y  Iii.'.l.'stni<tiv....n.'<t..t  ii..'lii.' 

„n..H.  aii.l  ti..'.liv:i<lful  ai.|...anin. I   Hm'  Ik'.s.'s.   iimuM.-.i 

,l„.i,  |i,.,r..  si.iii't.s.  ami  wUu-r^l   Wu-m  f.  su.'  !<.r  p.-ai.'        ii 
slw.it    Ji...  rlii.-rsaii.lwam<.is..i    j'al.asn.  a.  iuLmi..,!,-.-.!   ll..' 
KiiK-  of  Castii.'  as  lli.-ir  Sovi'iri^in  and  -laiil.'.l  ('-.ih-s  a  sup 
plynl-  pn.visions.  witii  a  pn-s.-nt  ct  .•..1...11  gaini.-iils.  m.iuo 
K<»i<l,  aii.l  tw.'iity  i'.'iiial.' siav.'s, 

.N.a.ii.l  ti...  SpanisiiC.inn.an.l.T  l'..r-.'t  Hmt  tlu'spivad  ol 
tliH  (!atii..iic  fiiitli  was  ......  ..f  Hh-  iiist  «.l'r<-ts  <.l  lli.-  .'xp.Mii- 

ti.m  Til.'  v.'ii.'ial.I.'  I'^ilii.'i'  Oini.-.l..  aii.l  ids  .•..iiipaiii.m, 
y-MUvv  Diaz,  .li.l  wint  tli.'V  .nuid  t..  nilij-iifn  tli.'  .•nido 
inf.ll.rts  ..!•  til.'  Tal.as.-atis.  'Hi.' (^..sp.'l  was  pmu'li.-.l,  pa- 
ganism d..n.mnc..d,  and  ti..'  I.^ly  sml,  it  app.-a.s  I.'  I  on 
U<„,d  p-.Min.i.  In  .1  iHHiy  ti..-  Indians  .Mnl.ran'.l  ti..'  ia.tli. 
Til.,  ir-antilni  .■...vn...nial  ..i"  ti,.'  .i.y  UA\o^y  ti.is  j..y..ns 
..v.'nt  is  tii.is  pirtmv<l  l.y  tli.'  ^niplnc  P'"  <•'  •'  ^  ml.'stant 
hist..nan:  Ti.e  next  day  was  Palm  Sunday.  .  •  -^  ^"';'"'» 
pron'ssion  was  f.nnu'd  <.f  tli.- wln-i.' army,  will,  tl';- -•'•"; 
astirs  at  tlwlr  In'ad,  .'acli  s..I.ii.'r  In'min;.-  a  paiin  iMan.di  m 
his  iiand.  Til..  (•..nnM..s..  was  sw.'ii.'.l  l>y  tlumsamis  ..t  In- 
dians „f  iH.tli  s.'x..s,  wl...  f..llow..d  in  (•un..us  ast<m.sl,m..nt 


'  HI..Timu'H. 

»  " Ill-t..ry  of  111.-  r..i.qni-t  of  «'■">'•"•"  ,„|,ii,.r.lil-torl.in  of  llu'  conqnoHl,  «rltr»:    "  I 

,1,1-  imlll..  .....rr  «u.  .,.,■.,,.  nn.nlHT    -f      '"'>",„„  ,„„„.,  „f  ,;„„  „,,  ,„.,,  „„,  1„...>.  ,,rn 

wortl.y  tr,  «.<•  1.1"..     11.  -  I  V  .      n   ,..«ov<.f  ....•  .."l^  A.-oMl.'-.    1.  ...ay  .mvr  1 ll..'  «lll 

r  ;;^  ::::::•:;.'.:" -":"":^:r  z Zn  \  l.  uu  ci.ron.c.e,  i ..... .... .....  u..y 

of  tl.c  "onq.uTor-  l..at  M.cl.  a  ll.ii.U  Ln'l  Imppt^uea.  ' 
s  T..f  Imliaiis  ...i.l  nivcr  t-oeii  liorifus  bcforu. 


T- 


lit:  USA  Slut  (Oil  ins. 


liW) 


ht>  i'liiroii 

will'   llOl!»t», 

lies  (il   the 
iiiM,i:t'(l  fliH 

((l|U|il<'l<'. 
|«'  lIMlullJsIl 

,)t  tli<*  tin' 

4,      |lllll|l)ll-ll 
|l»'ilM'  III 

Icd^i'd  I  ho 
»rlrs  il  slip 
IIClllS,   Miiim 

H'  Mprciid  <>l 
llif  t'xiM'di- 
(■iiiii|)iiiii<in, 
I  tilt'  nmlii 
iciiclh-d,  pa- 
ins,   Ifll    nil 
I   tlif  ndtli. 
this  jiiyuiis 
I  IMdlt'sliiiit 
.   A  sdh'iiin 
tht"  ('('fh'si- 
,111  hriincli  ill 
sands  id"  lii- 
istonislmiciit 


mfinoM,  write":  "I 
1  clirl-r.  1111(1  iliii'  111 
[  I'lich  liiiil  tlirinvii  ;i 
■(■  liiid  mil  licrii  pi" 
■il  III)  11  miillliil  t'liiy 
iii;  II  I'inntr,  wii-t  iiiit 
llilfl',  lull  111*  nil  ""• 
ly  have  liiTM  111!'  will 
ixT  liwird  unioug  uiiy 


fit  fho  HptM'tuHr.  Thr  l.iiiir  lllrs  lM>iit  fh.-ii-  wiiy  thiuimh  ilm 
H.rniTy  s*uva?imiM  that  iMud.ivd  the  s.'Ki.ni.ni.  inih.piiii. 
ripal  l.'iiipl.',  wh.'iv  an  iilrar  was  iiii>.M|.  and  ihi>  iinai:.'  ..f 
rh.'  pivsldin.i;  <h'il\  wasdrpusi-d  to  iiiaUc  louiit  U>v  (hat  of 
th.'  \  iixin  with  lhi>  liirani  Saviour.  M:iss  was  r.'l.l.ial.'il 
hv  Falht'i'Ohiit'do,  and  lh»' snJdi.Ts  \n  h(,  wfivrapaldr  jnincd  in 
III.'  sul.Mim  chant.  Tin-  nativ.'x  liviifd  in  pn.luiind  sij.-mv, 
and,  if  w»'  may  believe  the  rhroiiieler  of  the  event,  nnIiu  wit- 
llessed  it.  were  melted  into  teals;  widle  their  hearts  wryti 
lieiietrated  with  reverential  aw<'  lor  thed'od  ut  i hose  terri- 
ble heiii^s  who  seemed  to  uield  ill  their  oun  hands  tliu 
thunder  and  the  liiilitiiin^.' 

When  these  sidemnilies  were  nmrliided,  Cortes  and  his 
f(»ree  re  emltarUed,  and  cMniiniied  their  course  towards  the 
^nddeii  land  of  Mexico.  The  islaml  (d'  San  .liian  (l«>  llloa, 
on  th»!  coast,  was  soon  reached.  As  the  licet  entered  this 
harlior,  a  lari^i' caiioi>  full  ol'  peoph  ,  a  mom;' whom  were  two 
who  seemed  to  Ite  persons  o{  distilK  (ion,  Jipproaclied  till' 
Comman  ler's  ship  with  siunH  of  peace  and  rriendship. 

'^'I"*y  <;> 1  hoard  wiihoiit  Tear  or  distrust,  and  ad- 
dressed liini  ilia  must  resjiiM-tfiil  manner,  l)iit  in  a  Iaii.u'mi^'H 
altoirether  unUnown  to  .V^nilar.  Cortes  was  in  the  iitmosf, 
perplexity.  The  ^iieat  s(diemes  which  he  meditated  could 
never  bo  accomplished  if  lie  had  to  depend  on  such  an  im- 
perfect mo(h'  id"  communication  as  the  use  of  sio-ns.  Hut 
he  did  not  remain  loiitc  in  this  einharrassini;-  situation.  .V 
i'ortiinate  accident  extricated  him,  when  his  own  sayacity 
could  have  contributed  but  littlo  towards  his  relief. 

One  of  the  female  slaves  whom  he  had  received  f'rom  (he 
rliief  of  Tabasco  liai)i)ened  to  l)e  present  at  the  first  inter- 
view between  Cortes  and  his  new  ^iiiests.  Sh."  jjerceived  his 
distress,  as  well  as  fh(>  confnsicm  of  A-iiiilar;  and  as  she  i.er- 
fectly  understood  the  ^[exican  lan^iiaKc.  she  explained  what 
they  had  said  in  the  Yucatan  t(m<;ne,  with  which  Ayuilar 
was  acquainted. 

This  woman— known  afterwards  by  the  name  of  /><,r/((. 
Jf((rf/i(i—Wi\f^  born  in  one  of  the  provinces  of  the  Mexican 


:.':•(  > 


iH''ifyAMio  vonrfi!* 


♦'iiiplrf.  slif  miiUi's  tpiiir  a  n>nH|.i('ii(ms  IImui'*  in  iIm' rtiiiy 
hhiMiy  of  iIm'  Nrw  Wnrhi.  ItavhiK^  hwn  h»I)1  i.s  u  mIuvi'  !u 
l».i'  yuiiili.  iirriT  11  vmh-ry  "f  -I'lvMntmi's  hU."  frll  inrr.  (Iii> 
liiiiHiH  or  iIm-  TalwHcair,  uixl  lm«l  i.  «.i.l.  -I  h^\yx  <'ii<'ii^h  tmioim 
th.'iii  to  acpiiiv  tlit'lr  laimiiaui'.  witlioiii  lo«,iuu^  lla-  ii-.-  of 
her  own,  'riioii;;li  it  WHS  liotli  tftlioa-.  ami  I'oiihlt'soiiif  to 
I'oiiv.'isi"  l»y  ilu'  Intfivftiiloii  of  is\o  tlilV.'ivnr  iiitnitivicii*, 
Col  Irs  was  hlKlily  l>l''ii"^«''l  ">••'  Itiiviiiu-  'Um-um  i.mI  this 
mi.'IIkmI  oI'  cariyiiiu  oii  som."  iiit.'iroiiis..  witU  tin-  ).roplc  of 
a  roiiiitry  iiKo  wliirli  lif  was  (l.i.-naiar.l  to  pfiii-liat.'.  Il<- 
coMs'ult'ivd  it   a  visil)!.'  niaiitl't'statlon  <•("  rr«tvltli'ia*«'  in  I»1m 

favor.' 

Till'  Spanish  Cniiiniainlfr  now  h-arix-il  tliiit  tin'  two  per 
NonswlK.ai  li.' liail  ivc.-ivfd  on  l.oar<l  iiis  ^liips  w.-iv  th'pii- 
tics  sent  hy  a  vd'^'at  nionairh  nanit-il  Mmili  :inini.'  Thf'y 
wviv  ivipu'stt'd  to  impiin-'  wjial  liis  inicntioiis  w.-iv  in  visit 
jn^'  tli.'ir  roast;  ami  to  <>lV''i'  liiin  nny  assistant'.'  Iif  iniylit 
nt'i'd  in  Older  to  continm'  liis  voyaui".  ("oilrs  was  stnicl; 
Willi  ili..app.'aian.v  of  th.-s.- oHic.Ms,  as  w.-ll  as  tla-  i.iior  <.l' 
th.'ii  in.Hsa,u;f.  lie  assnivd  llicin  that  lip  appittaclicd  tlu-ir 
romitiy  with  thftnost  fii.-ndly  s.-nlini.'iits.  and  <"ini.'  lo  i>io. 
pose  inniit'is  of  ^ivat  impoi tanco  K.  llir  w.-llaiv  o!'  tlu'ir 
jirinct'  and  his  kiii;;(lom, 

Nrxt  inoininu.  without  wailin;;  I'oi- any  answ.'i'.  lie  landed 
the  Hoops,  horses,  and  alt illeiy  ;  and  liavinu  rhoseii  proper 
oioniid-  beniiii  to  erect  hills  for  his  men  and  l«  fortify  liis 
niiiip  ■  Tiie  nativ.'s.  willi  liindly  interest,  lent  all  the  assist- 
ance ii:  their  power.  .  i.   i 

On  Ivister  Siimliiv  one  of  ilm  d.-puties  the  caci.pM.  (.f  the 
Mexican  province  i'n  which  the  Spaniards  wero  tlier.  mulung 

"\  SMlr.  in.    p.." r  l„t.  ri.r.ia.lon  «,■„(  l,..l,l-«..>:    ,•,„.„- -puk.  t„  K,,.h,r  .Wullnr  m 

,,..,..  .li.p..,,.,  .1  with.     If ,.  n„.  1.1  !.:h1 n  -iru.U  .,n„n..,.rMH;r..,.  .  ,-  t'r.    .  .1  ■, '^     ^^      • 

for.  «ilh..nl  l„r  ul.l.  I.U  n„M,.....t  ..f  M..Ni.-.  «.."l,l  i^v,  /  Imvr  I,...,,  „r.M„„,|Ul,...l.  -//.//«. 
«  \.T..nllii«  ti.  I.ii-  C  |..i«,  M,ii.l./.mim  -laiilllod  "  .ail-r  -'V.rr  man.'' 
.  Thi-  «„..-„ 1  rn.lav.  April  •-Ms.,     en  ,1„.  sum,,  -p.r  „..w  Man.l-  .Ih'  mo,l..rn  '•>'>;•■['■;■;; 

,,„„  „,.. l.v  ,  .  IM.  .-.»•  n.,1  »l,l.  I.  n.-Hii-Uin.'  ,ily  -Hi,.  «r.a.  mar,  .,f  Kun-pca,.  au.l  (..i.n.al 

imil...  till,  oiiviimlul  capital  of  .New  Spain.   •i'/<'<.y«. 


I 


in  III*'  t'tiily 
H  u  hIiivi*  ill 

I'll    ilirr»    llli' 

Ml^ll  iiiiioim 

ihli'soiiic  ht 

iif«'ilii«'tt'i'f*, 

'(iVfltMl    \\\\h 
irllillt'.       Ilw 

U'lwi'  in  lii^4 
Id'  Iwii  i»'r 

W«'l»'    (It'pU- 

'„»!.'  Tlu'V 
«>r«'  ill  visit 
'{>  lit"  iiiiulii 
wii'i  stiiiiU 
till-  iiimr  t'l' 
•iiclickl  tln'ir 
(■iim»'  tn  |>rt»- 
■nil'  «•!'  tlit'ir 

r.  he  l;i(i»l<'il 

lUM'll    )ll(»|i('l' 

(    I'oitil'y  his 
ill  tilt'  sissisi- 

M'1(JIM'  of   till' 

tlii'i'.  tiiuUiug 


,  riitlicr  Aiiullar  mi 
I'll  il  liiKi  Mi'Xiriiii 
•  •rrvii'i'"  ttf  A'-'illlar 
il  '111*  <if  ('nrlrw.  I  111' 
■  fan'  of  till'  miilal; 
ll.liiil.     //.//«. 

miMliTii  lily  <if  I'  '■'/ 
)|i'  lli'-l  |>liiliti'(l  l;i> 
n>iHMiii   Hid  niiiiilal 


/M7/.v.i\/>o  nnnf:x 


m\ 


lliflr  »»fiiy     vMf.'.l   r.iitt's.     111^   iiiiin.'   wns  T.-iiliililo      TFm 

IMIIH'  with  U  llllllli'liHIs  ri'lilllln,   :|||<1  I  ol  l*>H  UTi'i  V  iil  liilll  \\il|| 

IllMi  li  (■••it'ltiiiiiy       l-'iillM-r  ()liiiM<|i)  r«'|i'liiaft'il  Holy  Mii^s  nt 
ulurli  tlif  iiiiliiiii  ollii'iiil  mill  Ills  atli'iHJiiiits  wnc  pifM'tit. 

'I'lii'ii  iiiTiiiii'il  (Ix-  iiitt'i'\  ii'w. 

'I')in  S|i.iiii<i||  ('iiiiiiti;il|i|)'l'  siulcil  llic  olijii't  uf  ||i<«  \i<^|r, 
lI'MViis  till.  milij.M'f,  liM  Huiil.  «>f  II  powerful  iiutiiiir«'li  l»(<y(niil 
III*' rti'us.  \vlu»  riilf"!  ovi'i-  :iti  imiiM'iis*' fiiiplif,  aiiil  li:i<l  Kin-jH 
nil  I  piinci's  for  his  vassiiJH  ;  tlnit  inipininii'tl  with  ||m' ;jirt»a(. 
iiiv*s  uf  till'  Mi'\i<Mii  I'lmpi'iui  his  iiiiisti'i'  hii'l  tli'^iii-il  ,»» 
i'tift'i- into  II  roinnitiniiMiiMii  with  him,  iiml  IiikI  scni  him  hm 
his  fiiMiy  to  wait  mi  Muiiff/iima  witli  a  pii'si'iit  in  tnkdi 
'i|  his  y;i»(>i|  will,  itiiij  ;i  m.'s^au;!.  whirii  In-  must  ilfliMT  in 
pi'isitn. 

•'Mow  is  il."  answi.jvil  th.'  ilnsUy  unMi',  "that  yon  have 
!>■  '11  lii'ic  only  lu.i  iliiys.  aii<l  di'mainl  !•>  sn'  thi"  Mmpi'ioi'*" 

-\ssiimini;a  mm' »arf.'iMis  air.  In-  iIii'di  ail<li><|  thai  he  v^is 

Niiipri^i'il  to  hear  tliat  flicri' was  aiiothfi  riiliT  as  puunrul 
tit  .Mniitr/iima,  l)iil   that,  if  it  wi'iv  so.  hi>  hail  n<>  <l<.nl>t  his 

niiisiir   won!. I    ln'    h;ippy    to  i imiiniratt'  with    him.      lit- 

woiihl  si'inl  his  coiiiii'rs  \vitli  iln-  royal  iril'ts  l.rmmht  l»v 
(' )rtr'-*.  and.  so  sni»n  as  hu  had  h-anu'd  Moiiti'zniiia'M  will, 
Would  commiiiiiralt'  it. 

'rimwiris  I'm'  tilt' Spanish  <it'iii'r:il  wciv  now  hrnimht  for- 
ward, 'riii'y  WI'IV  inlrndnn-d  with  juivat  paradi".  ami  n»n- 
hlsti'd  of  ti'Il  loads  uf  lint'  fotlnii  flnlli,  si'Vi-ral  inanlli'Sid" 
•'.Mpiisitf  fMatht'i'  work,  and  a  liaski'l  nf  uold  and  silvi-r  uiiia- 
iiii'M  s.  Till'  workmanship  was  as  ciirintis  as  tln'  madrials 
w.'iv  rirli.  Ail  ilii'sf  ('(iiii'«s  ivci'ivid  with  dm'  ackiiowl- 
t'dirmt'iits,  and  tlifii  ;(avt*  thf  Mi-xicaii  cliirf  tln'  pii'si.nts  fur 
Aloiiti'/.iinia. 

hnrin.n  this  intr-rvii-w  somi'  Indian  painti-rs  had  Ihtii  dili- 
jrt'iitly  I'liiployi'd  ill  drawing;  upon  whiti'  cotlon  <'li>th  %iiros 
of  tlm  ships,  horses,  ardllcry,  soldii'rs,  and  whatt'Vfr  t'lsy 
attracti'il  tlii'ir  atlt'iilinn.  Wlii-n  Coiir's  ohsi-rvi'd  this,  and 
was  inrormrd  that  flirsi'  jtiitmes  wcif  to  Iw  si'iit  to  .Monlt;- 
/.iiuia,  in  order  to  convey  to  him  a  more  lively  Idea  of  the 
«tranL,'o  and  v/onderfiil  objects  now  presenled  to  their  view, 


■"iWHi  niiiMii  mil  .1 


''"^"""^•'•^ — - — -^.-..j-^.^  iiijitiii  Ml 


aX£-' 


s» 


//A'WA.t.N/'O  (OltrfiS. 


tlitUi  liny  wnM«  mtiM  «'niiiiiiimitiit.'.  Iif  tv««.!\t'il  {n  ictuN'r 
fln' ii'|)i«'M<iil!Ui<iii  siili  inniv  nitiiHiidMl  Hint  lnt.ivjirlnjf  II" 
,l..|..|iniii»>«l  liM'xIiililf  siuh  u  M|H..  Iiu'l.' JIM  wuiiia  iiiuHl  llU'ly 
g|>..  Im.iIi  tli.'iM  ami  tli-lr  Imnulify  iii..ii!iirli  tin  iiwriil  \tu\>\vs. 
hioii  or  tln'  .'xtra«M'.liniiry  iii..a.->»s  df  iIk-  >|iimiiii.h,  .iimI  llio 

lir.'MhtiMi'  Utvt I  tiK'ii  mill"'. 

Hy  hin  (.nlt-r,  tli*'  rnnii|«'tH  hoiiikUmI  iin  nlaiiii,  Fn  ii  iim» 
nitnt,  till'  ii'M.iH  funm-d  in  unl.-r  <.f  luittl.'.  Tin-  iiil'aiitry 
went  (liiMiirth  .siicli  martial  ..x.i.  ls..s  as  w.-it- IwHt  suil.'.l  |.» 
display  III"'  t'lVf't  ol'  tin-ir  .lilV.niK  u.-apofiH.  In  vailun«4 
i-voiiitluiiH,  III.'  Ik.im.'  ^\i\v  II  s|M'<iin.'ii  of  tlifir  iiMiMty  »ii<l 
utivimMli.  'Ph.*  ariill.'ry  waw  pnint.'il  towaids  tla-  tlii<'k 
woods  wliifh  siim..iii.l.-d  III.'  .aiai..  fla-  .•ann..ii  wnv  lin-d 
oir.  and  Kivat  was  th.-  havoc  wlii.li  llu;  IkiHh  niad.-  aiuuim  ilio 

Til.'  M.'xl<'au«  Inok.'.l  (Ml  ill  wil'Mit  ania/.i'ni.'nr.  '!'<»  tln-ni 
tl...  siKht  uiw  Htninw-  and  auf.il.  HiH  al  lla-  .•Npl<.si„n  ol 
,|„.raunon  nianv  of  ili-m  II.mI.  son.r  f.-ll  lo  tl..  ^ao.ii.d,  and 
all  u,.i..  n.nfo.ind.-.l  at  tli..  skill  of  ni.-n  wlio!...  poNv.-r  so 
:i,,ulv ivs..n.l.l.'d  tluif  <»f  til."  Kods,  In  tiurli.  (.'(.lU-s  fom.d  it 
dllllnilt  t(.  <-..nipos.^  and  ivassuiv  t],,.  dusky  ninltltud.'.  I  li." 
p:,intrrs  Ind  now  many  m'w  i.l.j.Tts  on  wliirh  to  (A-iris,. 
,l„.i,,(it,  and  tlipv  put  llfir  laa<7  on  tin'  stivfch  f<.  inv.'Ht 
li^ruivs  and  symbols  to  ivp«»w»t  the  fxtnioidinaiy  things 
^\hicU  they  had  sceu. 


iiiuMi  llUi'ly 
ivfiil  irii|>H"<- 

\iU,  .tlMl  tliu 

I,    Til  il  mo. 
rh»'  inriiiitry 

■Ht     f*llll«'<l     to 

In  viiiloii<< 

utility  ami 

s   till'    tliirk 

ri  wfi't'  llird 

,»•  llllinn^  ilu» 
t,    Tt)  tlicm 

I'VUldsidll    ol 

;;ioiiiiil,  iiritl 
\m>  powtT  M«» 
ntrs  l"(»mi<l  it 
Ititmlt'.  'I'll*' 
:  to  <'\»'rris«> 
(>h  to  invent 
liiuiiv  tliiiiK'' 


CIIAI'TKU  in. 

foUT^w  Ol  iwir-i   MoN  ri:zf\f  \. 


T/h'  SffHiiiiHh   (lunml  ini-l   Ihr    Mv.tiniii.   offlrifth  -final 
Hl'liiit.  nt't.'<ntv.s    -ItiH  JliinatHM    -His  //»*/// ,v. 
Mf>-,.||:;,.|H    Wi'lfilt    onCt»    .|lH|»;|fi'l|,.,l    lo    MlUlff/IMIltl    ultli 

llif    iii.iiiivs.  iiiiil  a    lull   ni'/iiiiiii    ol  »'Vf'i'Mliiii4'   iliMi    liiiil 

I»!l«««f(l    HJltff   tllM  uniVllI   ol'   til-    S|»;i||J!ir.|s*       \\y    f||rs.«   uho 

(.'oiii'«*  Mcnr  liin  iti'i'sciitt  to  rlii>  Kmp Tor. 

Till'  Mi'\iniii  iiKiii.Hvlis.  Ill  Mi'ih-i-  to  oltttiiii  riiily  inroitiiu- 
tioii  ill  rt'iiiiinii  to  every  coriii'r  mI'  their  e\ieii>i\e  <|'iiiiiii- 

lollH.  Iiiiil  llltro.llieeil  11  MJimuliir  l-  lilleiiienr  ill  |Mi|ire.  TiieV 
ll.l'l  <'Ml|lie|>i  ].,H|e,|  !ir  |tni|l  ■!■  st,iti,i||s  :il.iim'  |  ||e  |i|'iliei|i'i| 
ro.hU;  :il|i|  !|s  these  were  fniilK',1  to  swil'tliesH  liy  II  reniillll' 
eillle.tti.dl.  iiinl  lell.'ved    one    iillolller  !lf    lllO(|e|;|  te  ilisl  j  iiee«l, 

th.'V  euiivey  •«;  iiileljiueiie.'  with  ivm.ii  k;ili|e  rii|tiilily. 

Tlioimli  the  e!i|.r;;il  iii  whi.'li  Mciiiie/iiiiiii  resided  \\;is  over 
one  hull. lied  and  ejohiy  miles  Irnin  San  .Inaii  d.-  Ijh.a.  the 
Kills  ..r  the  Spiiiisfi  (;,.|i.'ral  ueie  emried  thither,  iiiid  an 
Jiiisu.'i'  \>)  his  demands  iveeived  in  a  lew  days. 

The  same  nlJlrers  who  had   hillU'lfo   trejited  U  it  II  t  lie  SDail- 


I ■    ■•    "•       1  <>i     iiii.-i    |Mir|Mi>(' 

renewed  their  iie'^dtiMticiii  Iiy  iiitrodaeiiiy  a  train  of  on 
dred    Indians,  luaih'd  with    presents  .sent  (o   him  l>y  Mon- 
te/,iinia 

Till'  niairnillcencH  of  Hiese  was  siidi  ns   hecnme  a   ^reat. 
nionareh.     They  wero  phiced  on  mats  ,s])rea(l  on  tlie  jironnd, 


2ri4 


iiKiis.\.M)<>  coin'f-:s. 


\u  such  oplcr  MS  showed  tli.-m  t(.  the  frrcnlcst  iidvaiifii.trc 
t',.ites  iiiid  his  ollhvis  vh'wed  ilic  niiiiuiracl iiivs  ..f  the 
,,,untrvNvUhadmin.liou.  Th.-iv  w.mv  toL^'Si.-ii  cnftcu  stulVs 
s<.  iiiu'  as  to  ivscml.lr  silk-  and  iiictuivs  oC  lives,  animals, 
'..ud  other  natural  objeets,  foimed  with  feathers  of  ddh-rent. 
,,,h.rs,  arran-ed  with  sueh  skill  and  ele-anee.  as  to  rival  t^lie 
wcrks  of  the  pencil  in  tnill!  and  l-'aitty  of  in.italion.  l-nt 
what  attracted  niost  attention  were  ;w(.  lar-e  plates  ol  a  cir- 
cular h.rni.  One  was  of  massive  -old,  represent ni-  thesnn; 
,1„.  other  was  a  silver  <'inl.l<Mn  of  the  moon.'  in  short,  that 
,„,tirin"ini"ht  he  wantin-  which  <'oiild  -iv.-  the  Sp:iiiiaids  a 
,,,,,,,,1,,..   idea  of   what  th.    country  atVonh-d.  some  hoxes 

tilled  with  pearls,   p. h.ns  st(mes.  au.l  -inin-^  ol   unwroii-ht 

.,,,,,,.  uv.e  aiuoi,-  the  ,uifls.      Ca-tes  received  all  these  with 
"xpressions  of  oratitr.de  an^'  n-pect  f<.r  the  powerful  molt 
•  uch  1)V  whom  they  were  l>estowed.  ^ 

The'M.'xirans,  presundn-  ap.a.  the  -uod  .lleet  o  their 
presents,  n..w  made  known  t..  Cortes  the  wishes  o  tlie.r 
master  Mont.v.uma  re.piested  the  Spaniards  m.t- to  ap 
,„,;,,.,U  „.Mr  his  capital ;  hut  to  return  t<.  their  own  rountTV 
with  the  marks,  winch  he  had  just  .uiven.  ol  his  lr,endshii». 
The  Spanish  (ieneral  h-ll  nuadi  annoyed  at  this  ivlusal. 
„  i,H.,vas..d  his  resolute  purpose,     ip.  I.rmly  insisted  on  his 

Urst  dena.nd,   statin.^  that  he  c.a.hl  not  w.thou    .lisho.  o 
,,,,,,,U.,  his  <.wu  country  until  he  was  admmed   into  the 

presence  of  the  mona.rh  Avhom  he  was  appomP'd  to  ms,    n 
he  name  of  his  Sovereiou.     The  Mexicans  were  asKaushed 
at  seein,  any  man  dare  to  oppose  that  will  whn  .  they  we  . 
nccu.stome<l   to  consider  as  supreme  and  irresistible      S 
thev  feared  to  hurry  the  nation  int<,  an  op"n  rupt  ue  nmIIi 
such  f<.rtnidable  en^-mles.  and  prevailed  upon  tV.rtes  o  prom- 
ise that  he  would  not  move  from  his  pivsent  camp     "Util 
tl'e  return  of  a  messenger  whom  they  sent  to  Montezuma 
for  iurther  instructions. 
The  criti.nl  moment  had   now  nnived.  Jd^  hrmness  of 

S...  I'roKolt,  ••  History  of  the  Cm,.iuc..t  of  Mcuco,     \  ul.  1.  p.  M. 


iiKityASDo  voirrHs, 


anr) 


it  iidvaTitivirc 
imt's  iif   tlu' 
,  cufton  stuIVs 
[•('(•s.  MiiiiiiJils. 
s  (»r  tlillcicnr 
IS  to  riviil  the 
ihilioii.     I'lit 
l;it»'S  of  il  <'ii- 
iitiiiii'  the  sun; 
in  sliorr.  tlijit 
I'  S|>:iiiiiii<ls  il 
.  soint'  lioM's 
1)1'  miwiini.Lilir 
ill  (licsc  with 
(iwc-rrul  mull- 

,.(1"cct  dl'  tlit'ii' 
islu's  (if  tlit'if 
Is    IK.f.  to    !il>- 
■  own  4'oiintry 
liis  l'iU'n(ls!iii>. 
t  tliis  vci'nsiil. 
insisted  ou  his 
liont  dislionoi' 
littfd   into  the 
itcd  to  visit  in 
ere  iistoiiislu'd 
\\'vA\  tlu'V  were 
sistiblc.     'i^uW, 
II  iniituri'  with 
L'oitos  toproni- 
it  caiMi),    until 
to  Montozir.na 

'lip  finiinoss  of 

-wlici'ls."     'n;r(iii.-  ni>- 
,nro\\&<'  c(iu;il  to  §11.07. 

L'. 


Cortos  seemf'd  to  leave  tlj(  Mexican  ridei-  no  cliolce.  Ho 
must  t'ithei'  receive  Ihe  Spaniard  witli  C(tnlidence  as  a  IVicnd, 
or  <»i»i)ose  liim  (iiM-nl^v  as  an  encniy.  The  auswei'  soon  cam(*. 
It  was  the  same  as  hefofe.  'i'lie  sti'an.ueis  were  positively 
i'oi'l>i<hh'ii  to  advance  nearei-  the  capital,  and  lecpiested,  with- 
out delay,  to  I'etuiii  to  their  (»wn  cuuntiy.  Sucli  a  final 
messa,ii;e  was  received  with  cold  coiiilesy  by  fin'  Spaidsh 
Comniandei-.  "This  is,  indeed,  a  rich  and  iiowerful  I'lince." 
Jii'  exclaimed  to  his  ollicers.  "  \  cl  it  shall  uo  Imrd  if  W(  do 
not  one  diiy  p;iy  liiui  a  visit  in  his  c;ipii;il :"' 

'  Diii'in.:  thi."  Interview  M'Iwi'ni  Cir; '.  iiiil  l!i'il|i'ii !'    Muiiirzaiii.i,  tlf  ln'M  -inick  fur 

\'<'«|icrs.  At  III!'  -oiinil  llir  xilili.M",  thniwiiii  (licui-cU.'.  cm  ili;'ii-  kiu'c-.uirrnMl  up  iln-ir  oriMiiw 
licfofi'  the  larire  uoiiilcn  Cni—  |il,iiiti'<l  In  llh'  -iml-.  A<  til''  A/lcc  ililcN  t.';i/.ril  uill,  I'urioil-  «ltr- 
jirlM'.  Cinli"'^  tlii)ii;.'l\f  i;  ii  fiivoral)!!'  ii'ci^hni  In  liii|)ri'--  tln'iii  viilli  wiml  lit'  coni'clvcil  lu  Iw  a 
J>i'liii'l|i:il  ulijocl  (if  hii  visit  lit  tin-  ('Kiiiilr.v.  Fiillui  (lliiicilo  iici  rn-iliii:,'l.\  rxiiniimii'd,  a-  liriclly 
lIUil  rlr;llly  IH  111'  en  llll.  tile  Ul'e,,'  (Ii»l'lrllic«  (if  !'lll'l-ti, Hilly.  Kiinlilnn  on  the  .Vtuiicniciil.  Iliu 
1\h-Iiiii.  unit  till'  liTOiim'illon,  iiiiii  c.hk  liidlinr  wiili  ii— iirlni:  liN  ii-ioni-licil  nmliciiic  tli.it  it  \\i\n 
(li''ii  intciitinii  |4»  cxtirpjitc  tlic  idol.ition-'  pniclici'"  of  tlic  njiiinn,  iind  to  ~nh-riliili'  tlic  pniv  wof 
>liip  ol'  llic  Iriic  (i'dl.  Hi'  tlii'ii  put  iiiln  lluir  li.ind-  .'i  lililc  iniMirc  of  tlic  Vifi-iii  »illi  tlic  Inl'iinl 
Ilcdccinr'i'.  fcijiic-tin;.'  lLic:i  tn  jilui'i'  il  in  llicir  tciiiiilc-s  in-tci^J  of  tlicir  i-:iiu'uiiiiii'>  driiii',«.— 
J'ri.s(v/t. 


CITAPTKU   IV. 

GLAXCKS  AT  TIIK  MKXKAX    KMIMUK  AM)  Till;  SI'ANISlI  CAM!'. 

E,vli'nl  of  til''  M'.rirtni  I'Ji/t/n'n'  -A   icarJilcr  iKoph  —  TIn'. 

'  jtowii/iil  (ii((l  hinnildii  Mi>iil>:ini„t     His  Ihnidilii  tii  a 

t/inii  rn's-/x   -A  sliuiiiif  liiiilitioii-Ih'iiis  ainl  f',<irs  i>f 

)j„'  !<i)ii„!<i,(l>i  ~<irnil  rhni,;i>s   -Tin    l.illlr  loini   <>/  Uk'. 

Triir   CioxK — \    afraiKji'    thcfioii -A    nhrllloii    in    (he 

C(lii//>  Xrir  riilhl  ill  It  1,1111(1  III  llli-  }[i:v!riiii  Hiii pi r<'-- 
]S','n^  sif/i/rrl.^  '/or  Sjxilii^  Di  fill  Kcl ion  of  Ihi  jUd—Thi: 
icoik  of  conn  rsivii. 

Let  lis  u'liitici'  at  the  Mexico  of  tliiit  (lay  and  its  liaii-lity 
monairii.  The  cinpiiv  was  at  tin-  lii.ulH'st  i.il.'li  of  its  uraii- 
dnii'.  Its  ijsc  liiid  liiMMiwoiiiI.Tl'iitly  lapi'l.  Tlioii-li  il  IkhI 
siil)sist("(l  ac.-oidin-  to  Mexican  traditions  only  <uir  linn- 
divd  and  tliirty  years.  Its  i.Tiitories  stietclied  <.v.t  live 
Imndivd  lenuiu's  iVoni  east  to  west,  and  nioie  llian  two 
Imndred  iVom  nortii  to  sontli. 

Th..  jii'oiile  w.'i'e  warlike  and  enteri)risinii'.  The  reveiino 
of  rhc  ninniiivli  was  considerable,  and  Ids  nutliorily  nn- 
l)unnded.  or  all  tiie  princes  who  liad  swayed  the  Mexican 
sccyt.'r.  Monre/.nnia  was  the  most  hanuhty.  violent,  and 
impatient  of  ,'onlrnl.  His  subjects  look(>d  up  to  him  witli 
awe.  and  his  enemies  with  t(  rror.  lie  -(.veined  with  iiiiex- 
nmpled  riu'or.  l)Mt  his  al)ility  commamh'd  resprct.  \\\  force 
of  iiniis  lie  had  a.hhMl  s.'V.-ral  piovinces  to  his  vast  <'  .iiin- 
ioiis.  r.ut  the  cincial  (est  of  his  capacity  was  now  at  hand; 
,,,,,1  it  proved  thai  his  talents  to  -('vcni  an  imi.olished 
nation  w.-re  not  ('(iiial  to  the  task  of  c(.i.ini'' with  the  hold 
and  brilliant  ucinns  of  ('ort(''s. 

Fi'om  the  moment  the  Spaniards  apjieared  on  his  coasts, 
Moiite/.nma  displayed  symptoms  (.f  timidity  and  embarrass- 
nienr.     His  deliberations  were  marked  by  anxiety  and  liesi- 


jtEity.  I  snn  <  vi: t/^;s. 


ANISII  <AMI', 

jX'opIr  —  Tin' 
I  III  1(1  d II  III  (I 
(I ml  I',  II IS  I,/' 
liiini  (>l  (III' 
Uloii  ill  tin' 
III  l'hiiiiii<-  ■ 
In   Ihil-Tlii' 


1  its  liaiiLility 
h  of  its  ur;ui- 
'lioiiLili  il  liiiil 
iiily  (iiif  limi- 
hcd  over  liv(i 
iiri'   tliaii    two 

'I'lic  IWclllK* 

niitliorily  uii- 
l  tlic  Mi'Niciiu 
,  vidlfiil.  iiml 
])  to  iiiiii  v.illi 
[I'd  wil  il  iiiifx- 
I'ct.  I>y  rn:c(! 
lis  viist  ('  .iiiii- 
>  now  !it  Imnd; 
:ill  llllliolislictl 
witli  (lie  bold 

oil  liis  ('ousts, 
iiul  (Miiliiirriiss- 
s:i(MV  Miitl  iiesi- 


tntion.  Tills  state  of  luiiid  was  not  wholly  l>ioii-lii  a^oiit. 
by  th(>  iiov.'l  ai)i)t'anini'(*  of  the  straii.^vi's,  or  tli..  div;,,!  ,,)' 
riicir  anus.     Its  origin  may   lie   iiaced    to  a  iiioif   ivaioto 

MOUl'-C. 

Acfoi'diiii;-  t,,  til,,  (-ally  Si)aiiisli  historians,  there  was  a 
feel  inn-,  a  tradition-  almost  iniivei'.sal  anion,:;' the  Aiiiei'iran 
Jndiaiis  diai  s:-<:ie  dreadl'iil  caianiity  was  impeiidiiin'  (.v(>r 
tiieir  lieads  IVoin  a  ran;  of  powerfnl  invaders,  who  wi.iiid 
come  from  re-ions  towards  the  rising' sun,  to  oveirmi  and 
desoiaie  ilieii'  country.  How  ilds  opinion  oiiyinated  is  now 
univiiown.  IJnt  ol  all  the  Indians,  the  MexiVans  were  tho 
most  sni>erstitlolls;  and,  of  course,  iIk-  more  deeply  all'ected 
hy  thi'  a].pearaiice  of  the  Spaniards,  instantly,  "their  cre- 
dulity took  alarm.  The  wliiie  stran.^vrs,  they  became  con- 
vinced, were  tla-  insiriimeiits  destined  to  bring  about  this 
Jongdreaded  and  latal  revolution. 

Jjet  us  enter  the  S]ianish  camp.  It  was  not  without  its 
fears  and  dissensions.  While  many  wen;  eager  I'or  coinpiest, 
there  wr-ie  others,  who,  estimating  the  power  ..f  the  .\Ie.\icaii 
em]. lie  by  its  wealth,  and  enunieiating  the  various  proofs 
which  had  occurred  of  its  being  under  a  well-regulated  ad- 
ministration, contended  that  it  would  bean  act  of  tli(^  wild- 
',>st  phrensyto  attack  such  :i  state  with  a  small  body  of  men, 
in  want  of  ]>r(.visions.  iinsiii)p(.iic(l  by  a  single  ally,  and  al- 
ivady  enfeebled  by  disease,  and  the  li.ss  of  several"  of  fla^'r 
numlHT.  (jortes  secretly  api)lauded  the  advocates  for  bold 
measures.  Their  romantic  hopes  liarmonized  with  his  own 
vast  schemes. 

From  the  tinu'  that  tln^  snspici.ms  of  Velasquez  broke  out 
with  open  violence  in  the  att.>mpts  to  deprive  him  of  the 
command,  fortes  saw  tlie  necessitv  of  dissolving  a  coniiec- 
tion  which  would  obstruct  and  embarrass  all  his  o]>eratlons. 
He  bdt  that  the  moment  (.f  final  laiptnre  would  arrive, 
sooner  or  later.  K(>eping  this  in  view,  he  had  labor.^l  by 
every  art  to  secure  tlie  esteem  and  affection  ol  his  soldiers, 
^or  did  he  fail.  The  troops  had  the  most  perfect  conlidence 
in  the  ability  and  courage  of  their  chief. 
iSew  difficulties,  liowever,  i^roduced  dissension.    After  the 


m 


\-\ 


I! 


il-i! 


i!,: 


i'!  i- 


I 


lifi* 


,,.^  //A'A'.V.l.V/'O  COIiTl^fl. 

)i,,,|  ..nsuvvof  Mout.'/.mnM  lo('...i.-.s  il..-  Indiims  '>^"<l  '•• 

hold  fiulluT  ••.•nmumi.'atinn  will.  \hv  Si.iiniiuds.  nusky 
tiii.UMs  t:o  lun-.T  visil.'<l  thf  cMtni'  ^vitll  proviMuus.  AH 
IVir-Ml'v  Cullv^lMUKliMlC*'  s.'.'llird  ill  Mil  cIkI. 

This' ui.l\.ivs.M.n  fvonl  i-n.-liinMl  ii  s.i.hhn  n.i.stcn.:itinii 
.„uuU-Mh.'S,.MU'rs.  Th-  ii.lh.-iv;,ts  (.r  Vrhisqu.'/  Ml.hh'Uly 
1,,.,.,.„,.  l.old  'I'lh-v  iK'I  "Illy  iiuirimuvd  iui<l  i.h.tird  iiuiutist 
thrir  (i.-.i.-i;d.  l.ut'.'v..M  iiH-'mil.'d  <.ii.'  ..f  their  uuu^Uv  U> 
,,.„„„  :,,i„.  ,,pri,lv  :.uninst  tin-  rashiu-ss  ,.1'  i,tl..nii.liii-  tli'' 
,,,,a,,nr.i  uf  :i  mi-iity  .•ini.iiv  with  such  ;iii  inadc.iimU'  h.r.v. 

'Ph,.  M.MVSsilv  ..r  ivllimill-  IH  ( 'lll.il  tn  ivlit  the  Mrrt  Mild  111- 
,.,vMs.-  (h.«  aniiv  WMs  stio.iuly  ni-v.l.     .hinies  ,h-  Oi-Im/.  <.iic 

„r     ,h,-    l.lilicililll    «'in<'<'l'S,     in    thr    IIMMH-    U\     111.-    MlMl.nnl.'lllS, 

,l(>i;\vivd  this  iviiioiistrannv  11. ■  di.l  it  with  .m.I.Ii.tIv  iivc- 
,h„r.  MlidMiUltui'ss.  Mssiinil-Curtrs  tliMt  he  siK.ke  the  seli- 
tiincuts  (tl'  the  whole  I'uire. 

The  (Jelieral  listened  witluMIt  mHV  MlJhMVellt  em.-lK.n. 
AVell  he  kll.'W  the  temper  <il'  liis  s..ldi.  is.  lie  felt  sUie 
tluit  M  i.roi..sith.n  iMtMl  Mt  on.e  (,.  m11  their  splendid  hopes 
wnnld  l.e  rejeeled  with  in.li.uiiMlioH.  T-iit  he  .lissunnhited. 
lie  even  weiit  so  l;ir  as  seeinin-ly  to  eomply  with  th.'  iv(iuest 
or  Ordaz,  and  issn.-d  orders  that  iheariny  shoidd  l.e  in  readi- 
ness next  day  to  re-enihark  for  Ctil-a. 

Ks  soon  as  this  was  ki...wn.  the  hardy  adveiiliirers  m 
rheir  disappointnieid.  ex.-lain.ed  and  tlneateii.'d.  1  he  fer- 
ment l.e.vnie  -eneral.  The  whole  eamp  was  almost  m  ..pen 
,„utinv.  The  partisans  of  Corles  weiv  loyd  in  their  reimm- 
stram'es.  and  Ihroii.in^  around  his  tent,  they  ealled  <.n  h.m 
to  e(«iinrermand  his  recent  order.  ,•....,. 

-Wceame  here/'  exclaime<l  the  sohliers.  -expeetuiu  to 
fonn  a  settlement,  if  the  state  of  U.e  eoiintry  ^^^^'^^^^-^l  '  ; 
Now  it  seems  v<.u  have  no  warrant  Iroi.i  the  (.o^e  noi  to 
Lke  one.  B.it  th.re  are  interests,  higher  thnn  hj^e  jf 
Velasque.,  whieh  demand  it."'  Tt  was  .inw..r,hy  o  a  1- 
ian  eoiirao-e-  thev  (Mmtin.ied-to  l.e  daunted  at  the  lii.-t 
aspect  of  daiiuvr;  and  infamous  to  My  before  an  enemy  np- 
Df-ired  Thev  were  (h>terniine<l  not  to  velin.piish  an  eiiter- 
p,.ise  which  had  liitherto  been  s.Mresslul,  and  winch  tended 


^ 


iiEiiXAxno  coint's. 


•i.')!) 


IS    CCIlStMl     (l> 

(Is.     IMisky 
i^ioiis.     All 

iiiistci  iialii'ii 
(7.  siiddi'iily 
(tied  iiuiiinsf 
1'  iiuKilifr  l<> 
»'m|iliii,u'  til"' 
'(piiilf  I'lirct'. 
licet  mill  iu- 
i'  ( )r(l:i/..  olli' 
iiiiilctiiih'iils, 
iildicily  I'rcc- 
okf  the  st'll- 

'iit    fiiidliou. 

Mr    felt    sine 

l]('ll<li<l    iMlplS 

(liNsimiihiti'd. 
ll  till'  ri'(Hirst 
(1  1)1'  in  n:idi- 

Ivciiluivrs.  in 

..(I.  Thr  I't'l- 
liiKist  in  (>iii'ii 
I  tlicir  ifiiiou- 
■:illc(l  (Ml  him 

'('\|i(*('tiii,ii'  to 
aiilhoii/rd  it. 
'  (iovcrnor  to 
than  those  of 
•thy  of  Ciistil- 
d  at  the  lirst 
an  enemy  np- 
iiish  an  enter- 
whii'h  tended 


so  vi.sil>ly  to  spivad  the  kriowjedov  of  Hio  rnie  Faiih,  and  lo 
JKlvance  the  ;iIoiy  and  interest  oi'  their  ei.nnii'v.  llajipy 
nmh'i  file  command  of  ('oit(''s.  i!iey  uf.nld  rollow  hint  Ihioimh 
oveiy  danuei';  l>nl  if  he  chose  jathef  to  ivtmii  to  Cnha.  and 
tiiniely  ,i;'ive  ii|)  all  his  hopes  ol"  distinetiuii  t..  an  en\i(<n.s 
rival,  tlioy  winiM  instiintly  clionse  anotlier  enniinaiider  to 
h'ad  them  to  that  jiath  of  i^lory  whicji  lie  had  not  the  spirit 
fo  enter. 

C(»i't(''s  took  no  olleiise  a<  this  Ixild  lani;'iia,u<v     The  senii- 
incilfs   wel'e    lii><  (twn.      Ill'    was   si'cietly    delighted  at    Micli 
vai'tiith   (d'  (^vpi-ession.     Still  he  I'ein'ned   to  ht'  I'ath-T  siir- 
Iti'iscd  at  what  he  hrai'd,  declaring'  tliat  his  oi'dei'.s  to  jH'epai'o 
lor  einbaikinn'     "iv  issued  IVom  a   persnasion   tliat   it  was 
niriwable  to  his  troops;  that,  him  deference  t.,  what  he  had 
lu'iMi  inlormed  was  theif  im-linafion,  h:-    had  saciiliccd   liis 
own  private  opiin'on.  which  was  linnly  i)ent  on  estalilishini,' 
immediately  a,  sertlement  on  the  siM,-('oast,  and  then  on  cn"^ 
<lcav(.rin.i,'  to  ]iem'tfati'  info  the  interior  pirt  (,r  (|„.  c,>i,,itrv. 
II<^^  was  n«tw,  he  said,  convinced  of  |iis  error,  and  as  he  peV- 
reived  that  his  soldiers  were  animated   with   the   <.;vneron.s 
spirit  which  l>icallied  in  every  trne  Spaniard,  lie  w^yiild  iv- 
.siihk;  with  fresh  :inh»r  his  ori-inal  pi-ju  of  operation,     ilo 
<lonl>ted  nor.  he  concluded,   to  lead   tliem   in  the  career  of 
victory  to  such  indeiKmd'iit  fortunes  as  their  valor  merited. 
Shouts  (d:  a]>planse  ,<rreeted  tliis  declaration.    The  measure 
SfHMned  to  he  taken  vnIiIi  unanimous  consent.     Such  as  so- 
nr'tly  comh-mm-d  if  were  (.1,1  iovd  to  Join  in  the  acclamations, 
i)artly  to  conceal  their  dissatisfaction  from  their  (General,  and 
partly  to  avoid  the  imi)utati(»n  of  cowardice  from  their  fel- 
Jow-soldiers. 

Before  the  ardor  of  Ids  mm  cooled,  Corti's  set  abont  car- 
rying Ins  ,  sj.vns  info  e.\-(viition.  He  wished  to  found  a  col- 
ony.^ For  r!us  ]uirii<»se.  he  asseml:].>d  ilie  chief  persons  in 
Ids  litth-  army  and  by  their  siinVauv  elecf.vl  a  council  and 
mauistrates,  in  whom  the  government  was  to  be  vested.  It 
was  franuvl  upon  the  model  of  a  Spanish  corj.oratioti.  The 
magistrate*  were  distinguished  by  the  same  titles  and  en- 
signs of  (dlice,  and  were  to  exeicise  a  simihir  jurisdiclioii. 


ill 
1" 

1: 

j 

<   i 

'f  i 

:  ■ 

iJi''^ 


9m 


If  Hit. \  A. \  DO  ronrfis 


All  tlios.'  clioscii  wt'iv  liniily  drvot.-.l  to  CoHrs.  The  instni. 
lufnt  ol"  Hi-ir  ♦'h'rfion  was  dniuii  up  in  lln'  Kiiip:"'*  mmiiu', 
jiiul  no  h'!'"tvn('<' wiis  iniid*' to  \  rlMsqii.-z.  TIk-  iiil:iiil  «'ity 
uas  ntll."l  \i/hf  nira  ,lr  IV/f/  ('///:.  or  "' Til."  IJi<li  Town 
of  the 'I'm.'  Cross.'" 

'I'Ih'  iii'W  coiiiu'il  w.is  not  slow  in  ciHiiiim  t(»,u<'tlifr.  It  wat^ 
no  sooii.T  !!-s.'nil>l»'<l  than  Cortt'-sask.'a  j.-avc  io  .-ntcr.  Ilo 
ji).l.i.);!rlir<l  Mjaf  au-nst  ImmIv  willi  maiks  d'  i-foionnd  ic- 
■.«l»'ci,  ami  liiyin--'  liis  coimaissli.n  from  \  .'!;;-(iu<"/.  cm  iln* 
tiihlc.  li<!  tfJuVrt'd  tlK'  ivsiiiiialion  of  his  olli(v  of  Cajitaln- 
(frwrni,  '"whh'h.  ind.'.-.l/'  he  said,  "had  n.'crssarily  I'X- 
].iivd.  M,uv  the  anthorily  <»!"  ih»>  (Jovcinci  was  now  ^n\n^v- 
MMh'd  i.v  that  o:  the  niauistiary  of  Villa  Ki'-a  <h'  \  «'i:i 
Cniz."  lit'  kis.fd  his  tninclwon,  dclivcrcil  it  to  the  <'liii'l" 
ma.uistrati'.  and  then  left  the  apartint-nt, 

The  (It'lilu'iations  j.l"  thr  conncil  wci'!-  not  v<M'y  loii.ir. 
.^v,>hV  ivsi'Miat'on  was  arc(.pt<"d.  hnl  as  ih.'  niiinfmii.l.-d 
fp.ioror  th.'ir  prosiM.ri.y  nnd.-r  his  l.^adHship  alVordMl  Hu- 
most  siiisrvint;-  cvi.hM.n.  of  his  abilitirs  foicon.naMul.  la-  uas 
^„,.inin...nsiv  ohrn'd  Chi.'r-.Insti^v  ..f  thr  c.lnny.  and  Cap- 
tain-iirn.Tai  ..!'  its  anny.  His  n.-w  .■on.n.ission  was  mad.' 
out  in  til..  Kinir's  nan..',  with  most  ampl.'  powrs.  wM.-h 
vv,.ivton.ntinnMnr..ir..  nntil  tlu' royal  ph-asniv  slioul.l  .-' 
fnrtlH'r  known.  Thar  thisacth.n  mi-hl  n<.t  1...  d.'..M...d  the 
w<.ik  ..f  a  f.-w.  the  ronncil  cidl.Ml  In.-  (r.-ps  louvlli...'  an.l 
i„C,„,,„.a  ,iH.,n  as  to  what  had  tak.'n  phnv.  'rii.-  soldi.-.s 
ratith-d  th.'  rh.mv.  The  air  r.'sonn.h'd  with  th.'  na.n.'  .d 
Cortes,  and  all  vow.'.l  t..  sh.-l  th.'  last  .!rop  ..t  ih.'ir  hloo.l  in 
sni)port  of  his  anthority.  _     .    ,.  .• 

Tims  eloth.'d  with  snpr.'m<'  civil  and  military  jnnsdn-tion 
onr  h.To  was  n..t  l.a.-kward  in  ass.'rtin-  his  antli.»rity  An.l 
1,,  r.Miml  speedy  or.-asion  lor  it.  Tlu'  a.lheivnts  ot  N  ;;1''^'1"V^' 
Hi.dd.'nlv  awoke  to  th.'  n.'W  c.n.lith.n  ..f  ihn.-s.  Ot  ..rt.-s 
and  his"a.-ti.m..  th.-y  m>  hm-."r  n.ntinne.l  sil.'nt  siK'etaK.rs. 
Thev  .'xclainied  ..p-nly  nuninst  th.'  ].r.H-.'edin-s  ot  b..th  th.' 
coam-il  and  the  nrn.y.     Th.'  (h«nend  at  .m.-e  p.'ir.'.v.'.l  th.' 


.  A.n7.,i.,.  ...  H.r,ml  I.m..  tl.r  .1.1-  of  l>.a  Cn,z  ^ True  Cro«",  «u.  i..u.mK.d  to commcno. 
nitf  th.ir  lamlini,' "11  .;.«>iH''rUl.iy.--iV.w.'«- 


fTWiiilt>llll»ii»ll 


i 


llh:ii.\AM>0  ColiTi:/.. 


fOl 


'riic  instill- 

ls.in^!,■'s    IIMIIH', 

r   inriili!   rify 
.  Kiih  Town 

tlicr.     It  wiis 

n    t'lltcf.        Ill' 

|ii'((|'(iim(l  r<'- 

•(llicz    (111    ill*' 

!■  i.r  Ciiiitiiiii- 
ssiirily  »'x- 

s   linW  Mllu'l- 
{'H'il     «l»'    \  <'l'il 

[  to  llic  cliit't' 

tt   very  loiii:. 

iiiiiiiti'iriii"it'il 

)  :ill'()r(!<<l  I  he 

iiuinid.  Ik'  wiis 

my.  iiii'l  Ciil'- 

i(»ii  WHS  niiidti 

(nWf'l'S.    wliicli 

ill'c  sliolllil   Ix' 

)('  (ItM'MK'd   the 

Iducllicr,  iiiiil 

Tlic  sdltlit'is 

tlit>  iiaiiic  *>f 

(licir  l»l(iti(l  ill 

y  jurisdiction, 
tlioiity.     And 

S  <»f  \'»'lilS()1|('Z 

iis.  Ot'Cnrtrs 
cut  s[)('('t:il(>rs. 
ixs  of  both  till' 
■  ])('r('('iv('d  tJH' 

liitt'iiikil  to  lommemO' 


f 


luwsMity  of  imuiipf  iiiid  \i>.roiis  ni.'iisiircs.     H..  jnivstcl 
tlu'  liii^'lciidcrs,  and  .luifi  was  n^iiiii  ivsiuivd. 

Coi'tos,  liout'vt'r.  was  iiioiv  dcsiioiis  to  ivclaiiii  than  to 
l>miis|i  his  prison, 'IS,  wIk.  ut-if  olijc.is  of  ^■icaf  nimt.  and 
with  siicli  assiduity  jMid  addivss did  lie  win  liack  their  rii,.n(l- 
Nliip,  that  th»'  rfC(»ii(iiialiou  was  iiciftTily  cordial.  Kmt 
atlcnvards  tiicst'  ravali.-rs  ivi'iaiiK-d  invi.daMy  atfadicl  t., 
Ids  iiit.'ivst.  II..  was  now  completely  master  of  the  sit- 
uation. 

The  (Commander  tlioiii;Iii   lie  nii-lit  vcniiiiv  lo  (|uit   ilie 
camp  in  which  he  had  hitiierto  remained,  and  advance  into 
the  country.     T(»  this  lie  was  encouraged  l»y  an  event  no  less 
fortunate  than  seasonable.    S-mie  Indians,  haviimappioached 
liiscamjtina  mysteriims  manner,  were  intrttduced  into  his 
presence,     lie  |'(.und  that  tliey  were  sent  with  a  pioJIVr  of 
friendship  from  the  cacicpn-  of  Cempoalla,   a  c(,iisiderablH 
townatiioiiivat  distance,  and  from  th<Mr  answers  to  a  variety 
<.r  (luestioiis  whicli  lie  put  to  flinn     according-  to  his  usmd 
practice   in   every  interview  with  the    Indians-   he   learned 
that   I  heir  master,  though  subject   f(,  tlu'  Mexican  empire, 
was  impatient  <,f  tiie  yoke,  and  tilled  ulth  such  dread  and 
liafred<»l'  Montezunui  rha^  n»;hiim' .•.•iiid  be  more  accept:d.le 
t«»  him  th.aii  any  prosjurt  o:  tUliveiunce  from  the oppivssi(m 
innb'r  which  he  groaned. 

On  heariiiii-  this,  a  ray  of  light  ami  liop<>  broke  in  upon  the 
mind  (d"('.utes.  Fie  saw  that  the  .yreat  empire  which  he  un- 
•  lertook  to  attack  was  neither  i)erfectlv  united,  nc.i'itssov- 
♦'ivinii  universally  beloved.  The  caus(vs  of  disairectioii,  he 
concluded,  coidd  not  be  conJiiied  to  one  province.  Other 
corners,  donbthss,  had  their  malcontents,  w.'jht  of  subjec- 
tion, desirous  of  chan.iiv,  nnd  ready  to  follow  the  standard 
of  any  protector.     N(U'  was  he  mistaken. 

J3ut  we  must  hasten  on  the  road  of  our  narrative,  nor  sto[) 
t()  view  the  smaller  events.  (Vutes  paid  a  visit  to  the  chief 
of  Cempoalla,  and  was  leceived  as  the  commander  of  an 
army  of  superitu'bein.os.  of  M(.nte/nma.the  (teneral  learned 
many  further  i)arti<-idars.  He  was.  I  he  chief  stated,  a  tyrant. 
!b'riiin.«d  the  conquered  j.rovinces  by  excessive  exactions. 


" 


\\ 


HI     , 


iif'il 


"yr 


% 


*-'()'.' 


j/i:ii.\.\.\i)o  (ffmf.s. 


\\r  \\:is  nilrl.  illl-1  nil. -11   IuM-  ill. '11    m  lis  illl'l    (111  llnlltt'lS  iluM 

till  III  liy  \iu!rm'i'  lu  ln'  sMrrilicfil  lu  IiIm  dfilii-s. 

'IIh'Iv  \\.-iv  oIIht  piuviiin's  "|  lli.'  t'iii|iiiv,  lln'  cik-Iiiiim 
milled.  uliiTi-  tin-  liiiiiulily  niiiiiiin  li"-*  nili- \vii>  »'i|ii!ill\  odi- 
«Mis.  H.'iwii'ii  liiiii  and  tin-  .'Miiilal  liiy  tin-  Wiiilikf  Vi'inil'li" 
Thisi'iihi,  whii'li  hail  always  niaiiitaiiinl  ils  iiiilri..'iidi'iiri' ol 
Mt'xini,  Till' faiin' (if  ilii' Spiiiiaids  liad  ti.'iif  Ih-Iui*'  iIh-iii, 
and  ill'  was  wi-li  iin|iiaiiiii'd  uilli  tlii'ir  !»'iiil>l.'  victuiy  ai 
Taliasio.  lint  still  in' lnnk.'d  uilli  ili>iil>l  and  alaiiii  li>  a 
III). ti!;v  with  *'lh»'  M'n'i"'  M'>iitr/,iiiiia"  as  In'  iilwiiys  slylid 
hiiii  wlnisi'  armies,  on  tin'  I'-ast  |iri»vocalinii.  wuiild  iioiii 
(iitwii  liuin  rill'  iiitiiiiitaiii  iviiiuiis  of  till'  Wfst.  and.  riishiiiL; 
over  the  plains  liUi'  a  whirlwind.  swi'i'i»  oil*  I  hi'  wivtrhi'd 
iM.upli.  to  slavi'i-y  and  sanilin'.  Cnrtrs,  in  i.-ply,  said  tliat 
,,i„.  ,,r  till-  ol.ji-i'ls  (d'  liis  visit  was  to  ii'drcss  j-iii'vaiin-s  nml 
ri'lifvi'  till'  distivssi'd.  A  siii;-l('  Si>;iiiiaid,  In-  d.'rlaivd.  was 
stri»ii.i;ri'  thama  host  of  Mi-xii'ans.' 

Ill  :i  short  tinii' si'Vi'ral  rhii'l's  anioii-j,' wlmMi  \\:is  ihi' i  iiI.t 
(d'Ci'inpoalla  joiiK'd  tlir  Spanish  staiidaid.  Tiny  willinuly 
HubjiTti'd  tln-nist'lvi's  to  tlu'  riowii  of  Castili'.  and  ollVivd 
loiMroinpaiiy  ('"rti''s  with  all  tiii'ir  l'nir«'s  on  his  iiiairh  to- 
wards Mi'Xicn.  ^ 

Thi'kiM'ii  I'v.'of  till'  (Jcncral,  at  this  ])oiiit.  priri'ivi'd  liiat 
lhi.  spirit  of  ilis;ilV.Ttion  still  Imkfd  ainoii^'  his  troops. 
Maiiv  I'vi'ntsmi.uht  ocnir  to  call  it  fortli.  It  was  not  hard 
to  s.'r  that  a  nanilu'r  of  tlio  nii-n  had  ;:rowii  wiary  of  tlu' 
fiiiimii's  of  till'  si-rviiv,  !ind  loii-vd  to  iwisjt  thrir  srttlo- 
ini'nls  in  ("id-a.  I'.iit  any  diniinnlion  of  Ids  foirc  would  In- 
fal:d  to  thi'  siii-n-ss  of  "his  si'hcnii's.  Afh-r  nnndi  thoii-ht 
hi-  rami.'  to  llii'  bold  roindiisioii  <d'  cut  tin-  oil'  all  possi- 
bility of  ivtivat.  In  short,  he  decided  to  destroy  his  tleet. 
It  w"as  a  trvinu-  and  ihm.ueroiis  expedient.  All  movable 
jirticles  were  brou-hl  on  shore,  and  then  the  ships  Avere 
sunk.    There  reiuained  but  one  small  vessel  lloatiiig  on  the 


waves 


Hv  the  "leuter  part  of  the  soldiers  the  news  of  tills  event 
AVi.s"  received    wiiii    loud  murmurs.     ''The  General."  they 


1  l'rt!-ci)lt. 


ii 


iiiuhtcis  fioni 

',  lln'  ('!H'I<|I1<' 
>   niUlllly  Hili- 

iliki-  ivpiil'lif 

ilf|)''Mil''llfi'  nl 

lii'l'iii'f  ilii-in, 

hi.'    \ictoiy    lit 

til  iiliiini  i<>  :i 
ill  ways  styled 
I.  would  iitiiir 
,  iiinl.  iiisliiiiL; 

tllC    \Vlt't(ln'<l 

•ply,  said  tliat 

i'licva net's  and 

dcciaifd.  was 

1  was  llic  iiiItT 

Tliry  williii.uly 

If.  and  till'i'i'cd 

Ills  mari'li  tu- 

pi'i<('ivf<l  that 

iji'    liis     tltK'llS. 

was  not  haul 
I  weary  ol'  tlif 
;it  tlicil'  settle- 
fdicc  would  111' 

nnicli  tli(iii,!ilit. 

H  olV  all  possi- 

•stl'oy  his  Hoct. 

All  ni(»val)lo 

the  sliijis  Avcro 

Ihuitinii  on  the 

s  (»f  tills  event 
fieneial/'   tliey 


ii/:ii.\.\.\/n>  I  inrrt^s.  .jou 

^lil.      "  llild     le.l     lli.'Ul     like     <-altle     t(.    lie    l.lllelieled     in     1 1||. 

sliandiles:"  ('t.H(''i  was  in  mvaf  danner,  l>iii  his  |.iesen<'.« 
nr  iniuil  wus  admiral*!)',  lie  ealjed  his  nieti  lit.neihei'.  Tim 
xhijH.  he  |iuiiit>-d  Kill,  hail  siiU'civil  so  iiiiieji  liy  Iia\  iliy;  Iteeii 
s-»  litii:^' at  sea,   that    liel'uie  heiny   Slink  they    well-  alli»ue;||e| 

iinfi!  r.)!' sei'vli'e.  The  army  had  just  Iteen  ineieased  l.y  one 
liiinlivd  sailors,  no  lon-ei   eiii|il..yed  in  lakini;-  rare  i',\'  the 

NVOIMI  eaten    hulks.       lu    their    plesent    e\|i(ilitio||     the    II. Pt 

enalij  l>c  .»r  III)  assistance.     Their  hamls  weiv  to  work,  and 

lliey  nillsL  east  ||i)  nlj,|,ivs  heliind.  Tlie  i-lea  ol'  lelleat 
shonlil   not  e\e|i  entei'  their    Ihoimhts.       Siieress  was   eeitaill. 

•■As  |*(.i'iiie." ii'iiide, I  liiis  Spanish  llinnihal,   'l   have 

«'ho >e  I  my  part.  I  will  remain  here  while  there  is  one  i.j 
bear  me  eomp.iny.  If  tlieie  he  :iiiy  so  craven  as  to  shrink 
I'roai  shaiiim'  the  daiiners  ol"  our  i;lorioiis  enterprise,  let  ihi'iu 
p»  horn.',  in  (J, id's  name.  There  is  still  one  vessel  'eft.  L,.t 
tiiem  take  that  and  leinrn  to  CiIm.  They  can  tell  how 
th-y  dcM-rted  their  commander  and  their'  comrades  and 
palii'iitly  wait  till  we  return  lo.uled  with  the  spoils  ul  the 
Mexicans." 

This  pithy  address  had  the  desired  ell'-'ct.  It  restored 
'•'•'ili'leme  in  the  ('ommander.  If  rekindled  enthusiasm. 
The  air  ran-  with  shouts  of  --To  .M.-xir,,!  t,,  .Mi-xin,!" 
And  thus  Cortes,  with  iinriv.ileil  address,  -.'ained  his  point. 
It  was  a  -Teat  victory  over  his  own  troops;  and  was.  jjer- 
hajts.  the  most  e.vtraordinaiy  jKissaue  in  the  lil'e  of  this 
lieroic  man.  It  is,  in  truth,  one  of  the  most  d.ariim'  ads  in 
all  history.  Here  was  .-i  handl'iil  of  Spaniaids  shut  up  in  a 
liostile  ..mj.ire.  tilled  with  powerlnl  and  unknown  nations. 
llavmn'  destroyed  every  means  of  escape,  thev  had  now  ai» 
resources  save  their  own  dauntless  valor  and  perseverance! 

xN'othin-  now  retarded  Cortes.  I'.oth  the  troops  and  the 
Indian  allies  were  in  exrellent  spirits.  Hefore  departing;-, 
liowever,  he  made  an  almost  over-/ealous  elVort  lor  thecim- 
version  of  the  cacique  of  Cein]ioalla  and  his  ]»(>op|e  The 
preachino-  ..f  Father  Olmedo  and  the  iiersiiasive  woids  of 
the  Spanish  (uMieral  had  eipially  failed  in  chaimin-  the  dark 
belier  of  that  dusky  ruler.     One  mure  attempt   was  to  be 


i'l 


iy' 


III 


m 


|(g.S* 


UK  US. Who  ronrm. 


inmli'.  Tlu'  Iii<|«>fiiis  sii|M'i">iillt»iiH  nf  i|ii>  Mi-xii-niiH  \v»'r» 
hirk«'?iiim  in  fill'  I'xfjvm'".  In  iln'lr  rnn'l  ?*iM'iUlns  ihrv 
i)l1'i'i*i|  up  liiiiitiiii  vJt'tiniM,  tiinl  llit'ii' ciiiiiiilnit  ri')i:isi>  (uilllo 
(li'M'i'i|iliuit, 

Cniti'-H  with.  pi-rliiipM.  inuif  /.•■ul  iliiiii  pni<li'ii<'t',  r('"«ul\»'il 
ill  iih  illHtiiill  til  ilfNJi'uy  III*'  iiln'h.  Ilfiivi'tl  uoiild  ticNti' 
sinili'  (III  ilit'ir  t'litfi'priM',  he  Miid.  if  tlicy  (•••iiiit»'ii:ifM'c<l  mkIi 
devil  \\(»rs|iip.  'I'lic  wiiik  was  U>  lie  doiif  :ii  oiiff.  'I'lir 
ciiiiiiiKiiid  \\iis^dv»'ii  hi  liiovf  (»ii  out'  ol'  tln'  It'iiipli-s.  (Inni 
wiiH  tli*>  iiliiiiii  id'  I  lii>  liidiiiiis.     I'licsts  mid  win  rioiM  ^iiilirnd 

tn;ictlli'r.    illld    flit'  chl^llillH'  nl'   wiiipnllM  Wiis   liiiil'd    ill    rvciy 

diii'iliuii.  lint  lilt' Spiiiiisli  (ii'in'i:il  was  proinpi  in  liis  hkiM'. 
iiH'iils.  Ill'  liiid  lilt'  I'iiijLili  iitli'is  M'i/.fd,  mill  in  :i  nitiiiitiit 
Htnii'U  !i\M-  into  till'  bmlMiitiiis  iiitiltitntlt>. 

At  ti  sin'iiil  rioin  tilt'  ('iiininiindiT  in-t'liifl',  hl'ty  soldit-is 
sprmiu'  np  llif  yifat  sinliuii)  til  tin-  li'iiiiili'.  I'liti'it'tl  ilu- 
hnildiiii:' till  lilt' siiniinit.  tin- walh  nl'  wliicli  wfif  Maik  wiili 
linnimi  .uoif,  ttnc  tin'  liiijit'  wntnli'ii  iduls  rioiii  ilifir  rtninila* 
titiiis.  mill  tlr!i.ii';it'd  tlii'iii  In  Ilu- tilut' nl'  tlif  It'iiai-t'.  Tlifii' 
I'Miitastif  r»iinis  and  rfaliins  ^ttiiu'tl.  in  llif  tyf>s  t>r  ilit' 
Spanimds  likt'tlit'  liidfims  liiiiMiiit'iits  id"  Salan.  'riifitilns- 
sal  niunslt'is  wi'ic  itillt'd  d<s\vn  tlit'sti'ps  nf  tlif  p\  raniid.  Tin* 
trtitips  sliiiiiii'd  in  tiiiinipl..  Imt  tin'  nntivi's  ^iiumiid  ami  la- 
nii'titi'd.'  A  piiid  lilt'  rapidly  traiisrniint'd  tin-  uikmIiii  unds 
intti  snitiki'  mid  fliaicnal ;  .iiid,  I'iH'  tlif  liisi  tinit'.  Indian 
liflit'l'  was  shaken  to  its  very  rniindatitins. 

Alter  ii'iiiivaiinii;  tlie  teiniile,  mi  altar  was  eivcled.  an. I 
ni'atly  decoiiitetl  with  liailaiids  til"  lltiweis.  A  piticessinn 
^vas  rtinned.  Holy  Mass  was  celelnated  with  inipii'ssi\H 
ceivnionies  by  l''atlier()lniedti;  and,  in  the  wonisoi"  I'lvscitt, 
"tilt*  passionate  eloipient'e  of  the  <ioiid  priest  tiuiched  llic 
fwliiiiis  III'  tilt"  inotley  aiKlii'iire,  nntii  Indians  as  well  as 
Spanianls  were  melted  into  soils  and  tears."  Tliiis  the  ee- 
lestial  li^hr  of  the  line  Faith  shone  in  its  caliii  and  lieaiitil'iil 
liriliiaiK-y  on  rhe  suva<ie  land  of  Mexieo;  and  the  Keliuioii 
i'oiiiided  liy  the  ({ml  of  Xatni'e  triumphed  over  rhe  hardeiu'd 
natnre  and  pajian  prejudircs  of  crnel  barbarians. 


'  I'rt'iicott. 


""Tlf 


•  •XH'IIIM     UtTO 

iH'lUirt's  tlifV 
ri'lmotiH  ()iilllt> 

'IH'»>,  l'('"«nl\f'il 

Wullhl     IK'Nt'l- 
t'llMfM'fd  Mll'll 

I  oin'i*.  'Ilii' 
iipliw.      (iii;it 

liolM)itltll»'|((l 

■mil  in  t'M'i'y 
i|  ill  Ills  iii'ivi'- 
ill  :i  iiMiiiit'nr 

lil'ty  soldiers 

.     ClltflCtl      lllf 

'It'  l>l:ii'l\  wiili 
llit'ir  rniitidii 
•iiiitt'.     'I'lit'ir 

'  rvr>s  (if  tlio 
II,      TIliTolns. 

lyniiiiid.    Tht» 
tillli'd   iitid   l;i 
unodcii    uiiils 
tiiiu'.    Iluliiill 

('rt'cliMJ.  tiuil 

A     |ilurrssi(ill 

ill  iiii|iic,ssi\o 
is  ol"  |'r»'s(',»tt, 
t  lodclicd  tllH 
IS  iis  well  iis 
Tims  file  (■('- 
and  ))*':uitiriil 
I  lie    IJt'litiidll 

rill!  liardt'Ut'd 
lis. 


rilAI'TKW    v. 
Tin:  Ml  Moi;  viii,i:  mmkh  m  mi:.\H(». 

The  lillh  It riinf  linens  Tmnthnj  mi  ,i  rniof/i  rmnf  Aff. 
I'nihnrs  OH  f/,,  luinll ihs  nf  Tfii.s,;ihi  Mmlll,  .\„<,fhti' 
hiillh  in  ir/,lr/i  U,,,r  iniM  „n  olhiinilh-i  luit  <f,,if/,  o/' 
rofor//  J'fOrr  Thisr,,f,i  /„,■,,„><  s  snhjirl  (,,  S/„lh,  - 
M  C/iohihi,  iliiff  ti^/ni/  /i,t/ip,  not  II,,  ,>  Tin  Jhsl  shjhf. 
til'  tin    ciljf  i,f  Mi.vli'n    a,  nil, I    iirijilh,,,    ,,r   II,,    Si„in.- 

i'iiiiIm  />//  M(tiil,:ii,iiit. 

Ii  wiis  th.'  icili  of  Aiiyiist.  i:,i;i.  Til.'  hniir  fo  ln'iiln Him 
iiiincli  ciiiiK'.  ('i>iit''.i  ii<l<lr<-s<..M|  fli,.  s.ildicis  '"in  plnjiscs  of 
lioiicy.'d  ••l«M|ii(.|ir..  |';ir  iM-yuiid  wliat  I  can  irprar."  wiif.'s 
fli.'  Idiiv.'  and  JK.iK'sf  licnial  Diaz.  Our  ni,.ss,.d  Saviuiir. 
said  file  (it'll. 'lal,  will  uiv.'  ns  vi<-i..iy  in  nil  our  l>aiilf>  uiill 
ill.' I'll. 'iny.  'I'liis  ;issiiian<'.  iiiusi  he  .mr  stay.  Km-i  \  .iIIi.t 
ivriip'  is  now  fill  (iir  liiii  t|i;,i  iiir.)rdt'd  by  tlu' l'r..\  itl.'iu'i. 
<»r  ( 1. 11 1  a  II.  I  y.  Ill  r  (in  n  si.  (lit  Ilea  lis. 

'■  \Vf  ail'  ivady  (.1  (liicy  y.ai,""  cried  fJie  frooiis,  witli  (iiip 
vt)i('e.  ^  '-Oar  lortniit's  niv  cast  witli  y.nirs  l'..r  Intl.-r  i.r 
worse."  .\nd  thus  witli  coiirau-eoiis  hearts,  and  hivli  h.-iies 
li,uliliii--  ii|>  ih.'  way.  ih.'  liiile  nriiiy  set  forward  .>ii  the 
inarch  to  .\ie.\ico. 

It  consisted  ol'  liv.'  hiindr.'d  men,  lil'teeii  horse,  and  sI.k 
Held  iiicces,  (N.rttVs  left  the  rest  of  his  tro..j,s  c..nsistiii,i-- 
chielly  .il"  such  as  IVoii!  ayvir  iiilirinity  were  l.'ss  Hi  rorat-^ 
tiye  service -as  a, Harrison  in  \illa  liica",  under  the  coiiiniand 
.)t'  an  ollicerol'  ineril.  The  caciipie  .,|'  ('emi-oi'llM  siipj-lied 
liiin  with  provisions,  a  Ixtdy  of  f..iir  hiindicd  troops,  .-iiid  two 
hundred  Indian  ]»orters.  Th.'  last  w.'iv  to  c;iiiy  th.'  I.an- 
^\v^i\  dviv^  the  artillery  aIonn',  antl  perform  all  ser\  il.>  lal»or. 
They  avciv  a  ^'reat  relief  to  the  Spanish  soldiers. 

2G.J 


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i^lll 


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n 


foVlllM    III'  IIm' 

•ik.     A"  till')' 

I'lllfllifl    lIli'MI 

lltl\       IlKllll'U'll 

II  Id    ii)\M>rhiu; 

ilH'    lllillU    «1IH 

rh«>    Mil>liii(t> 

llu,li«'s    illl(t  Xfl- 

.»lv  Fiiitii  lufl 
niuiiiii:iiii<«  of 

ll|f>    |*|ntr-.liinf 

ktiis  ol'  iiiiin"'* 

I'PHH  of    (  'iilfl's. 

11  prniiil  liilli* 
iH|Mi^itinn.  tiixl 

iii'iiii  Ni'Mi  ruiii' 

IiIh  i,\\  II  li:illi»' 
Ills  would  |ifi'. 
nU's  (»r  lilt'  H'- 

lis  lil'I'Cf  Mini 
,  iilid    uillioiit 

•f|i!llillio||S    I'tll' 

1  of  liis  ciiilms. 

ll    IlilliVf   tldOllH 

cit  (III  liis  liitlc 

ii'sf    ('iiniiiiitfi' 

■d   two    Imrst's, 

i:il>l«'. 

Cullrs  siiw  till' 

oil.     His  iiiiiiy 

itioll  to  till'  stii- 

tf>'—  T/'i'iiilii  »lL'iilf> lirt 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WE>^,STER,N  Y    14580 

(■/'16,t  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


^ 


iii:u\.\  \i)(>  coitrns. 


Wi 


ttons  uli.'iv  li..  1imIi..,|.  :,ii.1  Initilir.!  ||„.  ,,,„ips  Willi  cMia. 
•'I'liiiiiry  ciiiv.  Dmiii-  ruiiil.-.-ii  djiys  li-  was  ,.\im,>,,|  i„ 
JihiiMst  (va.s.'l..s,s  assaults.  'I'hr  last  .•niia-vmnils  u,.,v  iho 
iiiM>(  li,.|c,.  and  iiii'in()ial)|i'. 

Acn.nlitin-  lo  (•(, Ill's,  niii'    iiiiihiivd    ilK.iisaiid    'I'liiscaliitis 
w.'ir  ill  l.attli"  array.  Micirlird  over  a  vast  plain  as  I'ar  as  tim 

<'.y.'  could  iv.i,.!,.     wi,  .„  I,  .  ,,,,„  .  ^viiiiin  liMiiim;  j, ,|,.,,„t 

Ins  iiiiPi'pivt.-rs  topnt-hiiiii  ihar  lii>  liad  ii.  Iii.siil,.  iiit,.„ii,,„s. 
All  III-  waiit.-d  was  a  |ias.sa-v  lliioii-iJi  il„.ir  cuiiiitiv.  He 
•'iih'ivdasa  IVi-iid.  ir  l.|,,,[  w.Mv  .sli.-d,  |„.  d,,.|ai/.d  that 
otli.Ts  would  l.r  ivspoiisil.N.  j'or  ||„.  ,.,im,..  \  ,s|„,w<t  of 
sroii.-s  and  arrow-  was  ih..  stern  and  only  ivplv.  I'.lood 
was  drawn.  The  Spaniards  could  stan<l  it 'no  lon^vr;  and 
Cortrs,  with  ih.'  l)artl."cry  of  --St.  ,la-o  and  al  tlinn," 
«»ii  liis  lips,  rushed  to  the  IVont  of  daii-er  at  the  head  ol' 
liis  lijindriil  ol'  cavalry.  He  wished  to  oi.eii  a  passa-e  for 
the  inl'antry. 

_  TIm' strii.u'n-Ie  soon  liTew  fierce  and  .lesperafe  as  tlie  liarha- 
riaii  tiKuisaiids  clos.d  ,,n  the  solid  battalion  of  CaMilians. 
I5ut  they  cease.!  not  to  i)reseiit  an  iinl)roken  front.  Tho 
v(.ice  (.r  Cortes  was  heard  amid  the  din  of  battle,  cheeriti"- 
on  his  soldi. -rs.  --Ifw..  fail  now."  he  cri.'d.  '-tli.'  Cn.ss  (.1' 
Christ  (Mil  n.'ver  1).'  plant.'d  in  the  lan.l.  Forwar.l.  c<.in- 
nuh's.  When  was  it  ev..r  known  that  a  ('.•istilian  luiii..d  his 
back  on  the  foef '  Aniinat.-d  by  th."  wor.ls  an.l  heroic  b.-ar- 
111- of  th.'ir  (J.'iieral.  th.' s.,ldi..|s.  with  desperate  eir.u'ts,  at 
length  siicc.'.'.h.d  in  buvinu-a  pjissa-e  throimh  tlie  .lark  c.,1- 
nnmsof  the  enemy,  and  emeriivd  IV,,ni  the  defile  on  th.-op..n 
plain  beyond.' 

With  a  free  space  to  liandl.'  the  unns.  Hie  artillery  now 
tlmn.hwd  on  the  Hidiiin  ranks.     The  b.-lehin-  ,,r  sinoke, 

rile  roarinu- of  cannon,  an.l  flu-  work  of  .l.-ath  pro. led  to' 

.uefher,  and  filled  the  barbarians  with  c(,iisiernati.)n.  A  iv- 
tivar  was  sounde.l,  and  they  divw  (.IV  in  .i^ood  or.l.-r,  h'avim;- 
the  brave  but  exiiansted  Spaniards  in  iDssessi.ui  of  the 
hard-earned  fiehl.  The  iidsI  dreadful  conflict,  how.-ver,  was 
yet  to  come. 


;i'ii 


'  rrc.-icotl. 


.i'i 


i 


am 


JIEnXAXDO  COIlTfiS. 


Aftor  a  (Iny  <»f  rep  >■!<•,  tli;>  Spimisli  rjcnci'iil  sent  two  (^n- 

Vltys  to  tlir  'riilsiMliiu  «-<»iUlll;ill<l('l'  ill-cllicl',   liciirili;;'   (ilVrl's  (if 

peace,    ami   stntiii;;   that   il    was   liis  intent  ion   to  in:iUe  a 
flieiidly  visit  to  the  capitMl  of   Ijie  i'e]»iil)li('. 

'I'lie  iiiiswei' suou  arrived.  Ft  was  not  even  iliivored  witli 
saviiu'e  eoMitesy.  "'IMie  Spaniards,"  said  tlie  lierce  Indiiin 
leader,  '"nd^lit  p:iss  on  as  soon  sis  tliey  cliose  to  TliiHeida  ; 
and,  wlieii  tliey  readied  il  their  llesli  woidd  he  li'-wn  IVoai 
IJieir  bodies.  Cor  Siierillce  to  llie  irnds.  If  they  l)refel  red  to 
lemain  in  tlielr  own  tpinrters,  lie  would  p:iy  them  a  visit, 
there  the  next  d;iy  !"  This  was  tiie  sicrn  liinuniMuv  of  a 
chiel"  who  hiul  .'>(»,(»()(»  warriors  in  the  lield,  re;idy  to  obey  his 
sli<j;U test  nod. 

The  as])ect  of  idl'iiirs  \v:is  now  riither^lo(»niy  Tiie  ci  ipph'd 
Si»aniards  niiiihl  well  drejid  ji  iresh  encounter  with  siich  :in 
intrepid  iind  overwhelmin.ii- loe.  Hut  there  conld  lie  no  re- 
treiit.  l-'iiiiit  they  must.  "  We  i"e:ir»'(l  deiith,"  siiys  the 
hold  Jiiid  simple  Din/,  "'ror  we  were  men.  That  in^iht  the 
veneral)le  Father  Olniedo  scMrcely  closed  iin  eye.  One  hy 
one,  the  men  knelt  at  his  knee,  nnd  with  contrite  hearts  re- 
peated the  ol't-told  tale  of  Ininuin  weakness,  and  rolled  away 
the  Ixirdell  of  sin.  O  blessed  beauty  of  Faith,  whose  celes- 
tiiil  briiihtness  is  never  so  grandly  conspicuous  iis  when  the 
sh:i(lo\v  of  death  or  misi'ortune  is  neiir!  Stren.iithened  by  the 
SMcriiments.  ami  with  a  ,uood  consciences  as  a  comjiiiniou,  the 
Cutholic  soldier  ciin  calmly  await  the  shock  ol"  battle,  and 
I'ush  to  the  front  like  a  hero. 

The  Spanish  (Jeneral  resolved  to  moot  Ids  jiowerfid  enemy 
more  rlinn  half  way.  It  was  the  mornin.u'  of  the  Titli  of  Sep- 
tember. ir)l'.»,  and  the  sun  arose  briiiht  and  glorious.  His- 
torians tell  us  that  the  TIascalan  :irmy  covei-ed  about  "six 
miles  square""  of  a  plain.  .\s  the  Sjiaiuards  advanced  in 
si<ihr,  the  barbarians  rids<Ml  a  yell  of  defiance.  (  ories 
ordered  his  trooiis  to  open  lire  alonu'  the  whole  line.  Every 
tshot  told.  Desperation  Mion  took  the  i>lace  of  dismay,  and 
tlie  dusky  horde  with  savaue  shouts  swept  down  on  the  Cas- 
tilian  cavaliers,  like  one  va.st  avalanche.     The  little  aiiny 


»  CorlO*  jilttcf!'  till'  muiibiT  of  Ihu  cuciiiy  iit  150,000  muu. 


r 


•NMH 


s(>nt  two  on- 
iriiiu'  (ilVri's  of 
III   to  iii:iU*>  a 

ll:ivor<(I  with 
>  licrcc  lijiiiiiii 
;c  lo  TlilHCJiiil  ; 
Ix'  Ik'wii  IVotn 
•y  ])rft'frri'il  to 
■  tliciii  !i  visif, 
]aii.Lrii;iL:t'  of  si 
(ly  to  olx'y  his 

'rii('cii|i|ii('(i 

'  wjlii  siicli  :iii 
oiild  lit'  no  ic- 
tli,"  siiys  the 
That  iii;:ht  the 

cyt'.  <  )ii<'  l>y 
itritc  licarts  re- 
nd r(illf(l  away 
1,  whose  ct'lcs- 
iis  as  wiicii  the 
litliciicd  l>y  I  lie 
><>ni])anioii,  lia^ 

oi'  liattic,  and 

owcil'iil  ciicinv 
tlic  t'tii  of  St']), 
iloritiiis.  His- 
•t'd  aliout  "si:< 
Is  jidvaiict'd  ill 
la  net".  (  ori(''.s 
e  lin<'.  Every 
)f  dismay,  and 
wii  on  till'  Cas- 
lic  littlf  aiinv 


iiKuxASDo  vonrns. 


s?oo 


w.h!  !.,.;n.'  away  ,.ii  iji,.  uiitl,  .au'inir  (orivnt.     Th.-  din  if 
l);itll.'  dluwiifd    till.  VI. ir;'  of  Coi'ti's.      All   si't'liifd   lost. 

I'.iit  tirsp.iir  ni'ivfd  cai'h  skilk.d  mid  l.iawny  aim.  Tlio 
sliaip  Tolt'do  hiaih'M  wcic  gradually  niaking  havoc  on  llio 
.iiaiidily  paintt'd  l.odi.'.s  of  tlif  naUt'd  Tlasralaiis.  Kach 
Spaniard,  fur  tlit"  linif.  IVIf  that  he  was  a  li.-ro.  li.^htino' foi- 
nil  that  is  d.-art'st  in  this  woriil.  'I'lif  hold  diai-i's'of  ( 'oit.'s 
ni  III.'  head  of  Hio  liorso,  and  tin'  tlmndi'i-  of  thr  faniioii  in 
tin'  ivai',  linally  tliivw  tlii'  aii.my  and  coiinilt'ss  mass.'s  into 
disoidiT.  Ir  waslikf  thftin'i'Usand  Pfisiaiisof  old.  |5i.f,,r,, 
til.'  sun  went  (h)wn,  viVtory  sin-d  iisgohl.'ii  niy.s  on  the  Si.an- 
isli  srandai'd. 

i't'ai'f  was  short! V  nft.T  I'onclnd.'d.  The  Tlascnlaiis  auivcd 
to  hi'i'oint' sni.jt'ft  to  till'  Crown  of  Castili".  and  ni-auvd  to 
iissisf  CortiVs  in  all  his  fntiirt'  opi'iatioiis.  'i'lic  (o'lii'ial,  on 
his  part,  took  the  ivpiihlii-  iiiiilcr  liis  protection,  and  proiu- 
isi'd  to  defend  its  people  from  Injury  or  violence. 

Coi'tesafrera  repose  of  twenty  days  coniimicd  Ids  niarcli 
towards  the  city  of  Mexico,  acconipaiiied  I'V  (i.ooo'riascalans. 
Tlieydiiecred  1  heir  course  towards  Cholida.  This  was  a  con- 
siderable town,  and  t  lion,i.|i  only  five  lea.niies  distant  from  Tlas- 

<-ala.  it  was  formerly  an  indepi'iident  state,  l.iit  had  1 n  lately 

snhjecfed  to  the  Mexican  empire.  It  was  re-arded  l.v  all 
the  people  of  Mexico  as  a  holy  place  the  saiicdirv  of  (heir 
gods.  Here  pil.urims  tlocked  from  i^wvy  juovince.  and  a 
.iiivaier  niiinl.er  of  liimian  victims  were  o.Tered  in  ilic  princi- 
pal temple  of  Choliila  thilli  even  in  that  of  .Mexico. 

The  Tlascaluns  warn.'d  Coites  to  keep  a  walchfnl  eve  over 
the  ( 'holnlans.  On  entering  the  town,  he  was  received  with 
mncl,  seeming  respect,  hut  did  not  fail  to  notice  several  cii- 
cnmstances  which  aroused  his  sns,,icion.  ],i  a  few  davs  ho 
was  secretly  informed  that  six  children  had  been  sacriliced 
m  the  duel  tomplo-a  hrntnl  eereniony  which  indh-ated  that 
some  warlike  project  was  on  foot.  The  wludo  plot  soon 
came  to  Ins  ears.  Tt  was  i-esolved  to  destrov  the  Span- 
iards. A  body  of  ^fexican  troo],s  lav  concetijed  n.'ar  tlio 
town.  Some  of  tlio  streets  were  I>aiTicaded.  Tn  others  m\H 
and  trendies  were  dug,  and  sllglitly  covered  over,  as  traps 


?  I 


r 


1 


270 


IIKIIXAMIO  ro/,'77?.s. 


into  wliicll  tlic  linl'scs  ininlll  I'mII.  SlHIcs  W.'rc  ciillrctcil  (III 
tllC    tn|is  nl'    IIk'    toiilplcs    In    llllt'l    (In.VIl   (ill    tilt'   Sdldii'IS.       Ill 

slmri,  ill*'  I'mImI  Imtii'  wiis  nl  liiiiid,  niid  iiiili  iiiuivoidiililf. 
\l   this  news  ('(»i't(''s  was  iiluniird.     lie  sccrrtly  iiiifsffil 

lllivi-ul'   till' I'llifl"  prirsts.  Mild  t'Xtdlli'd    i'l'nm  llirlll  !l    coliri'S- 

sioii,  wliicii  ('(iii\iii('i'd  liiiii  iliai  lii'  liiid  only  In  :ii'd  ilic  truth. 
Not  il  lii.illli'lll  WHS  now  to  ht'  lost.  Ill'  I'oojvcd  to  lir;id  olV 
his  tii'ai'hi'ioiis  t'lii'inii's,  iind  to  inllici  nii  tlii'iii.  oiu'i'  for  nil. 
such  il  suil't  and  divadl'iil  rliastisciiit'iit  as  would  stiil\»^  ter- 
ror into  .Montt'/mna  and  iiis  siiliji'cis. 

At  a  u'ivi'ii  sii;iiiil  th(^  Spanish  soldiers  and  tlieir  Indian 
allies  rushed  out.  and  fell  on  ilie  asseniMed  niiillitiides  of 
C'holnla.  D.'atli  and  destnietioii  lilled  the  sireris,  The 
teiiii  les  were  set  oil  lire,  and  lho>e  who  had  ualheied  ill 
I  hem  iM'iished  in  llie  llaines.  This  scene  ol'  horror  lasted  for 
two  days.  At  Ien,i;tli.  the  carna^eeiided,  after  the  slan^ihter 
of  ((.(Kio  ("holidaiis,  withoiii  ihe  loss  of  a  siii;j,le  Spaniard. 

Cortes  then  released  the  chiefs  of  the  city,  and  lepKiached 
tlieiii  !)ilterly  for  their  inlended  treachery,  lie  foiuave  the 
ciinie,  he  said,  as  jiistii'e  was  now  apjirasnl:  and  rnpiir.-d 
them  to  recall  the  citizens  who  had  lied,  and  to  re  esialilish 
Older.  It  was  done  as  he  coiniiiaii<led.  ami  the  Spaniards 
lieiiceloiih  were  looked  iiiion  as  a  wdiiderfiil  race  *>f  supe- 
rior discernment. 

From  Chohila,  Cortes  advanced  directly  towards  >rexicf). 
M-hich  was  only  twenty  lea-nes  distant.  In  every  place 
thioii-li  wliich'he  iiassed.  he  was  received  as  a  iiersoiia,;:-.' 
clolii.'d  with  power  to  deliver  I  he  empire  from  the  oppression 
un(h'i'  which  it  .uroaned.  The  various  caci([iies  or  f-overiiors 
communicated  to  him  all  the  -rievaiiees  whicli  tliey  felt  un- 
der the  tyrannical  rule  of  Montezuma.  This  tliey  did  with 
tliat  unreserved  conlidence.  whicli  men  naturally  repose  in  a 
supev!.-)r  beinsi.  To  ihe  keen,  analytic  mind  of  Cortes  such 
information  was  most  snu'irestive 

The  i.icturesiine  -irandeiir  of  the  country  charmed  the 
Kuroi)eaiis.  As  they  descended  the  mountains  of  Chalo,  the 
vast  i)lainof  MexicI*  opened  <m  their  view.  Tt  was  one  of 
the  most  striking-  and  beautiful  visions  on  the  fa<c  oi  the 


n*  ciilli'ctcil  {III 

!»'    So!(li«'l'S.        Ill 

li:u  (ii(lnl>l(>, 

llinii  ji  ('uhIVh- 
cnid  III*'  truth. 
.(•(I  to  lifiid  (»1V 
in,  (iiicc  fur  nil, 
iiiM  stiiUf  It'i'- 

(1   llicii'   liiili:iii 

niiiltitiulfs  of 

•    sli<M'is.     Til" 

ad  ^iitlicicd  ill 

(»ii(»r  iiistfd  fill' 

I'!'  lilt'  slail^ilitt'l" 

uir  Spjiiiiiird. 

and  ic|i)(ia('lifd 

lie  Coruavc  the 

I:  and  ir(|iili'i>d 

to   ic cstalili'^li 

the  Spaniards 

I  rat'«'  t'l'  siipf- 

iwaids  Mexico, 
In  every  place 
as  i\  jieisoiia;:'' 
1  tile  op|ili'ssi()ii 
es  or  fidveniors 
I'll  lliey  felt  nil- 
s  tliey  did  with 
ally  repose  in  a 
ol'  Cortes  such 

y  cliarnied   tlu^ 

nsol"  ('halo,  th(* 

Tf  was  one  of 

the  face  ol  the 


IIKiiSAMin  <  (turfis. 


i>7l 


iin. 
I- 


•  'arth.     Fertih"  and  cultivated  lields  sfivfclied  fiiirher  then 

theeyeeonld    ivacll.      The   weaiy    Wolidelili-  t  laveler  sa  w   a 

lake  reseinl.liiiy  the  sea  in  extent,  sniroiin.led  l.v  |j,,„,. 
towns,  and  dis.'ov.-red  the  capital  citv  risin-upon  ai'i  jsliind 
'"  •'"'  iiii.ldle,  adorned  wifj,  jis  temples  mid  Inrrefs.  In 
tniih.  the  scene  so  I'ar  exceeded  t heir  iin:i,uinali(.ii.  t hat  some 

'"•li.'Ved  the  laiicillll  descriptions  of  romance  uere  leali/ed  ' 
niheis    thoiiohf    rhis    WolKh-rflll    sperlacle  milsl    1...  :i    dieail 

As  ihev  advamvd,  their   doiil.ts   were   ivniovd,   l.iii    the 
aina/eiiieiit  increased. 

Hitherto  no  enemy  d.iivd  to  oppose  their  pr(.mess:  I.iit, 
<l.iy  alter  day.  couriers  had  arrived  from  Moiite/,in„a. '  One 
<iiiy  he  permitted  the  Spanish  forces  I.,  advaiic...  ||„.  ,„.m  |,„ 
<'i'"h-red  fhrm  to  ivtire.  His  instructions  uvie  variously 
slliipe.l,  as  he  ••hanced  to  take  c..iinsel  ol  his  ||op,.s,  or  his 
l«':trs.  Xoi'did  this  sinuular  infal  mil  ion  cease.  Cojieswas 
idinost  at  the  ^ates  (.f  his  capital  before  the  Moi, ..,,,. |,  |,,.„i 
Inially  decided  to  ivceive  him  as  a  friend,  or  oppos..  him  us 
ii  loe.  Itiit  no  siun  of  open  hostility  appvaicl,  and  the 
Spaniards c(.iitiinied  their  march  alomrlhecaiiseu.iv.  iliroiiuji 
the  lake  which.  hMl  to  the  ci(y  ..f  .Mexico.  1»|  inleiice  and 
strict  discipline  marked  their  steps. 

When  Coites  and  his  little  l.iind  of  Castijiaiis  drew  near 
fli«'  city,  ahoiit  a  thousand  persons  <.r  disiincii,,!,.  adorned 
Willi  plumes  and  clad  in  manth'sol'  ||i,r  coii.m.  came  forth 

'<»  ""'''1   '•"■"I.      They  sainted  ||h'  (ieileral  With-reat   respect, 

and  aiinomiced  the  api)roach  of  Monie/.iima. 

The  lon.l-'  pnicession  that  preceded  111,,  emperor  soon  ap- 
ix'ared.  First  caiiK-  two  hundred  iiers<.ns.  dressed  idike, 
with  larii-e  plumes  of  feathers,  marchiiio-  two  and  two.  in 
deep  silence,  haivd'oofed.  and  their  eyes  lix-.-d  on  t  lie -i,,,,,,,!. 
These  were  folh.wed  l.y  a  company  (.f  still  hiulKw  rank,' 
<h'cked  in  their  most  sla.wy  -iarmeiits;  and  in  the  midst  sat 


'  -Ami  wlirn  we  s.w,"  rx.laim-  H..™,l  IH.iz.    •^,,  „,,,„,■  ,1,1,-  nn.l  l.m„.  rl.i.,.'  „„  fr.m.  .l.n 

w.ilrr.  aiMl  ..tl„.r  |...|,„l,m»  pi,,,-,..  .||„„„.,|  ..i,  il„.  ,„l|,l  ,.,,rrl,.  , ilnt  .■,m,.,«,,v   -n  li-h,  Jl 

™r|.n.l,TV  l,;ul    «1,1,1MV,.,„  i,„„  >l...i,..,  „.,  n.„K,l.„..l  „.,„„|. ,„„1  .,,1,1  ,.,  .,„,:  ani.ih.r  Mn.t 

I'  "I  l"'i"-'l  111;-  II,..  .■,Mh„„„.,l  ,„-,|,..  „l,i,.|,  11,,.,  i,.ll  .,!■  |„  ,|„.  |,„„k  ..r  .I,,,,,,/;.,  |,v  ,.,.„.,.„  „r  ,1,0 

K.r:,t  l„w,.rs  r,„,|,l,..  m„l  ..lill,,..  »|,i,.l,  Ih.,-..  »,.r,.  ,„  ,l„.  ,v,„..r.,„ 11  „r  .l,..i„  ,u„.U  „r  „,.,. 

H,„r.v.    s,.i„..  ,.x,.„  „r  ,„„■  .,.,Uin-  „-;ic.,i.  ir  ,1,1-  ,i,,,i  Hu-.v  siw  «a.  „ot  a  lUhif:  In  a  .hvam  "       ' 


,     I 


li 


llNli.\.\Mn>  roia/is. 


Moiili'/itiM!)   in  u  I  luiii-   tidily  i)i-ti:iiii«>iiii-il    wiiii   <;(>|.l   inid 

ft'illlli'is  III  Vill  lolls  ciilurs.       l-'niir   of   Ills   rliid'   I'iivoijlcs  t-jii 

I'ii'il  liiiii  on  ihi'ii'  slioiilili'i's;  wliili*  omt  IiU  Im-ikI  otliris  Niip 
jMdtt'd  a  raiio|»v   ol    ninoiiM    wot UiMiiiishi|i        nrlun'   hini 
lii:it'('lii>«l   tilt )flii'i>t's  Willi    Kills  n|   uiilij   iti   ilii>it'  liiimls, 

wIlH'll   rt'olll   llllic  lo  lillic  Ihcy   llltt-d   |||)  (iti   ||i;;||,   iitnl  ill     lIlIlL 

Hin;iial  ill!  ilii'  in'opl.-  IxtwiMJ  ilifii  heads,  iitid  jiid  )|i*>ii'  I'liccs 
as  litiwollliy  lo  look  on  so  iiii^flily  ;i  tnnliatcli  Siirli  wilS 
file  |M)m|)oiis  siatf  and  t'Xifinal  spiciidof  (»r  ilic  showy  sav- 
UjSi'  iliai  nili'd  ovff  Mt-xiro 

When   lit'  dit'w  ticar.  roiti'-M  disnioiinifd.  and    advaiind 
towards  hiiii  on  fool     Ar  rlifsann' liuic  Moiii«./iinia  aliuhii'd 
rmiii  his  cliaif,  ami  Ifaiiiiin'on  the  anus  of  tw(»  ol'  his  iifiii' 
i<'Ialions,  aiipioaclird  with  a  sl(»w  and  stciidv  pact',  his  at 
t«'iiiianfs  rovftitin'  tiif  way  with  cotlon  cloths  that  lit-  nii;ilit 
not  lollch   ilic  n'loiind       Coftrs  sjillltcd   hliii  with   proroimd 
rt'spcct.  at'lcr  tilt'  l'aiiop<':in  fashion      He  ii'tiiiitcd  the  sain 
tatioii  liy  toiichiiin' thecal  III  with  his  hand,  and  then  kissjnu- 
it.     This  cotidoccijsion  in  ilicii'  liaiiuhly  iiilcf  aina/cd  tin' 
Mexican  innltitiidcs,     'I'liev  concluded  that  the  jieisotis  le 
fofe  wlioin  lie  hiiinliled  hinisell   in  this  niatiner  niiisi  he  nidie 
flian  hiinian.     'I'iie  Spaniards  were  leuaKled  as  siipenialiiial 

beititis. 

Monte/ninil  coniIllcte<|  Collrs  to  the  (piaileis  lifepaied   for 

]iis  leception,  and  at  once  took  h'ave  of  liitn  witli  a  polite- 
ness not  iinwoiihy  of  a  coiiit  nioie  feliiied,  *  Von  an* 
now,"  saiil  the  Mexican  filler,  "with  your  hrotheis  in  yoni- 
own  house.  Refresh  yourself  tifter  yoir  fatigue,  and  ho 
liajipy  until  1  return.'' 

The  place  allotted  to  the  Spaniards  for  tlieir  loduinos  wiis 
51  vast  palace  hiiilt  hy  >r<iite/,iinias  fatlier.  It  was  stir- 
lounded  hy  a  stone  wall,  wiili  towers  at  proper  distances, 
which  served  for  defense  iis  well  as  for  ornainenf;  and  its 
apartments  and  courts  were  so  l;ir«>-e.  iistoacconiniodatelxith 
llie  Spaniards  and  their  Indian  allies.'  The  lirst  care  of 
(fortes  was  to  take  ])recanti(itis  lor  ids  security,  by  i)lantiii,i^ 
the  artillery  sons  to  coniniand  the  ('ilTerent  avenues  which 
led  to  lu.s  quarters.     He  also  appcjliited  a  large  division  of 


Willi    ^i)|.l    iiiid 
I'l'  I'livitiijfH  rjil 

Iii'IMI   otlld'S  M|||> 

[»  Ut'lnic  him 
III    iIk'Ii'  IimihIs, 

i;:li.  iiiiil  ill  lliiii 
lii<l  tlit'ii'  rjM'c.H 

iiicli  Siicli  wiis 
llif  slidwy  s:iv- 

.  iiikI    ikIviiiici'iI 
il«>/,iiniii  iili;:ltii'il 
two  ol'  Ins  iii'iir 
\(\y  liiirc.  Iiis  ;it 
s  ilcil  lit'  tiii;:lil 
I  mill   piofoiiiid 
tiii'iK'd  tlic  silil 
iikI  iIh'Ii  l\isNiii<x 
iilt'i'  iiiii:i/('(l  lim 
the  i»»'i's(itis  I  (' 
•  ■I'  must  III'  iiKni' 
iis  MiiK'riiiiliii;il 

ITS  lil<'ll!ll'<'<l   I'dl' 

I  MJtli  !i  )i(ilit*>- 
('(1.  '  ^uii  iirc 
liiothi'is  in  \{)\iy 
liitigiK',  and    Ik* 

fir  Ictdiiiiifi's  wiis 
'1'.  It  WHS  siir- 
rujH'i'  distiiiict's, 
iiiimciit:  and  its 
commodate  liotli 
he  fust  caie  of 
ity,  by  ]>Iantiii,i^ 
aveiiiu's  which 
iiige  division  of 


iit:ii.\AMii)  I  (jjirf;M. 


fm 


Ins  li..opH  lol...  nl«ayHonyiiai(l.  and    posted   sentinels  at 

l'lo|H.r  sliKiulis  \\itli  strict  ol.l.'is  I.,   ohs.  ive    the   sailie  viM'i. 

liint  discipline  as  if  ihe>    ut'ie  within  sIkIiI  of  anencm\*M 
camp. 

'I'l'"  Miemor.il.le  .hiy  on  which  roit.'-sand  his  comi.anions 
I'liler.'d  M.'xiro  uasihe.sthor  .Nou'nd'er,  i:,\u.  Their  nnm- 
l>ei'  uasal.oiir  i:.(i.  In  a  time  of  ^reai  IVsiiviiN.  ihrv  uonl.l 
''•'V"  '■""""''  '""  .1  P""r  and  m.-aii  Mici;„ce  'to  haVe  h,.,.|i 
••llered  (o  (hr  M.-xiraimods.  The  j.opnial ion  of  ihai  most 
'••"•"»iH  .iiy  ihea  ih,.  -leaiest  In  AmenVa  was  estimated 
l».v  III'-  hest  authorities  at,  MiJ.oo.)  souls.' 


'   M"Mi- 1.  or   l\,ni.'l,li»,l„.  IK  II  Hi„  iiiM'Irli 


ill.v  .nil,.,!  In  llH'iiiillvr.,  |..||ii„i,.,||,|„|,iry,.,,|„,„^ 


""; - f - 1.1.'.  .1....  Hi„n.„  ;u, I    "  M  ';r    :z' : „; 

,^^^^1,^  '  i'""l'  a,|J....i„„  i„  ,|„.,„.  ,!,„  ,,„,,„„,  „f   ^,,„„,„„„^,..  ,,,     1^,,  ^^^^^ 


hull 


-'-;:  .^  ,'::,' v'^^     ""'■^■■"" "'■^•> '"■"..  i. m. 

"l..n.  .„.„|  ll,;'r  ,       ,■  , '""""';'"  ■•""""">•  mil... I ,1,1,11..  „r,l„.,l,v. 

Th,J  ,  l"'i«  ,•,•„  II,..  ..|„,...«i,.v.„i„|,|„..|ty,  »|,l,l,  »«„iil,|  i|,„.  i,„. 

"-•''■-,,.,.,,  ;;j[:;;'^;;::::;;;;:v,''''"^^^ ■" '-h,„...,ii.,.,„i„..,ii,...„,im^ 

n,„ \^n\u'r.ls^rn^::::^r^c: :'':::'" ""■'-•■'■-•"I".' " ^-.■r 

Il„.  I,,,,,-.  ".Hr,.,m,r,.rlH,a,..    11...  r,„„  ,, i,..,,- ,..,ii|,|  |„l|;  »|ll |„ 

^^'\^:^n'^n:u'T^^^^  r- ih.rN.nli  M,„.,.|,.„. 

r;;;;:T:;:.';;r-;;;;;   ':^^^^^^^  r 


mm 


From  \vli;it  lit'  Iiiiil  sf.'ii  nii'l  li«':ii<l  of  tin'  S|);iiii;ir«ls.  M(.n- 

tt'/uni:i  stiiil  ill  ( iMiclnsi(»ii.  Ik-  1i:i'I  ii<M|i.ul)t  tliiit  tlwy  wtiv  ili.' 

vt'i'V  |i('is()ii'^  who'^r  iiiiiHMi'iiiifi'  llic  Mcxicnii  li'iiditiniis  Miid 

indlili.'fii'-;  tr.ii.ulit  liini  to  cxitfct:  iiiid  Iicncc  lie  Ii:hI  ivr.'ivrd 

*-74 


IIKIISWMHI  (OliThH, 


I.V    Tnl.n. 

till  sh  f),  iiitil  liolf 
SHtini  hii'ui  US  n 
}  II  fill  N  (  itill  s  In 
ti  li  X  il  If  fiiisi  il  I  I' 
mil  iii/ohisi  l/if 
1,1  It  u-    Ih  spi  t'lilr 

if     Mil  II 1 1  IIIUHI"^ 

I  In    SfHi  nlm  lis 
Imllli       Aiiiiiiii/sl 
Ml. rim      (iliiiins 

ll/)illll  '/'l/llllltS- 

\W]\  Ills  mit'sts. 
lillilf  |>lt'st'ilts  In 
nil  rnlluwiil  with 
ti  Mnli;ilr|i    I'lti'ly 

\iii(iii,u'  iIm-  Mt'xi- 
((•1(1   roilt''N,   lli:it 

(•  IC^iidll.  Mini  Cnll- 
|)>,  illl<l  lIlMt  ill'M'!- 
1    wliu  ('olKllirN  (I 

|il'niiii>iii.u'  tliiit  :it 

isit  lllrlll.  II'-MIIIH' 
(■()|istilli;inli. 

S|)iniiiii(ls.  Mdii- 
hilt  tlicy  wtif  111.' 

Ml  tl'llditinlis  illlil 
('  lie  li:i(|  icci'ivcd 


Jln'tii.  Hot  iiHHUiinui'i-..  Iiiif  IIS  ivliifluti'n.f  fh.»<.nni.'  1. 1 1  nn.t 

I'liiviitauf,  iiikI  .|.-h||,..|  ilmi   f||,.\  miulu  i  nii^i.l.i  i|i,.|||>,.|v,.h 

»IH  liiiiNf..!.*  Ill    lti<t  iloliiiliiixi^.   I'ul    h-.tll    IliliHrir  mill    U\h  Hlih. 
j.Mis   \\..i||<i     Im.    iv.i.ly    lo    nIiuU    ihflH    ||||    .|||,.    ||u|m.|',      TI|.» 

r<'|»|\   ,,r  III,.  S|,;imMi  <'niiiimiii,|,.|-  uiis  •>l<M|ii.>iii,   niiitiuiiM, 
mill  iliuiillii'il. 

Till'    lii'Xt    .jiiy    rnlti'.M   pilhl    II    vjsil    III    Mulitr/liliill.      Tills 
lilll"    lilt.   I'uliVcisiiflMll  Wiis     not     |ii>|il|i':i|        Il   Uiis  iv||;finim. 

Our   lii-ru  was  II  iii.iii  ..f  .l...|,  miuI  nnl.'iK    |;iiili.      As  ii  riin« 

klli-lll,    III'  Uulll.l   liiiv.'   nIi.mI   ih.'  hi^l   (||u|,    ,,(    his    I.IuimI    fi.!' 

ilii'  ','lofy  ..r  (;.m|  mill  till'  Ciiilii.lir  niiiirh.     Iml 1.    iIm* 

jM4">  nf  Iii>|uiy  iiiiwhi  Im' s.'iiivhnl    III  viiili  l'n|'  ||i<>  ii:iiii..  ,,!' 
iiiiy  iuii.|ii.'iMi'  who  was  hm.iv  .hvply  imhu..,!  uiili  ih.'  min 
Hhdiai'y  spiiii  |||;,it  ||„.  wis,.  hihI    IVaiii-ss  C.n.'.s, 

Till'  Cniiiiiiamh'i-iii  rlii,.|*  was  ii,,t  iiiipiiiiii'i'il  in  ,.,\|i..iiii,| 
liiU'  Ihi'  hiith.  uf  l-'aith.      II,.  I,. !,.,(,., I  I.,  Muiitrziiiiiii  l|i.'Wuii. 
•I'-iriil  story  ..!*  riiiisiiaiiity.  .stali-il  why  Ih.'  S|.aiiiai.|s  ||,.ii 
oivil  fh,.  Ci.Hs.  ojiv,.  ,.xj,r,.^si,,||    I,,  Ills  ||.,|,,.|  :ii„|  srniii  f,.r 
ilic  vih' iih.Is  ,,|'  Mcxi,.,,.  )iii,|   iii|',.riii,.,|  iji,.  ,lii^|,_v   |':iii|M.|..r 
lliai  Ihi'si'  idols  had    -ivfii  way  l.i.r..|i'  ilii>  Crnss.'"     i||.  tlu'ii 

'  ''"'■  '"'"'"•  "  'I""'  ""> "•  >  il" II  *'illii.  MU.  mluu.l..  »WM  „H..  |Mi...t„.  <  rn/...,  .■..,„„  I,,* 

']'}"  *'''' ••■" "ii'l""-.  "Ml  l.iimr  .1.  lia.  im>  ...uh  pi.rri.T  ilrhii.i,..     //,,„„/  />(„;,  '■fii.h,>i,i 

t<i,iii  1,1,1, 1,1  i„,,,i„hh,  ,1, 1,1  A,  „, ,  r  /■■i,;,i  ■• 

II  n,  ,1  II,:,-,  II, .  I.rn  . ,.!  I  .,,1 II,  r  I,|.|„H  .„  „t  il...  ,„,„|„,..|  „t  M-Mm.  «, ,. „r  s,,„|„, 

Ml-  ..n  ..r  l,<,„>l.l.'  |Mr.„|.,  „„  I  |„  .uru  ,,.„r.  .■„.,„.  u, ...  1.  I,|.  f,„„i,...  li,  II,.   N,  >*  W,.H.|      II,. 

.M,l|...    ,,,,  It  I,  .i-u,  .,.,,',•.,,,,•..,,,,,,, ■,,;i..»..,|  1,1,  ,ir„„: i,l,.ni,r.M,... iil,.«i „„ 

'""  '"'  •"  •'■■  '!"■■"' Ill  "f  M.,i,v.,iM.  i hull,,,,  ,„|,.  In  ,h„  M..M..„„  ,,„,,|M.,    II,.  «„.  ,„.,,„u.,,| 

","";;  "",""■'; '  "'!''  ,"""•"■ '•"--  » "•  "  » ..l.  mh.I  n,,,,-,.  ,l ..,„„..  „.,,r  r,,llh,u. 

;  ",";  """'^  ;'■  '■';•  ""'•'••"■''  '■"■"'>•     m-  '"l"r  «,,.  ,„.v..r  •|,.,..|l,„.,.l.,„,l  l,l.  i,.„nh  I..m,Ii>- 

'  '"'"  '""  '    "■■','""•  "'■■  •"""'"""  -I'lrll  M,„l  l„„  „f,.  „  ,;i.„„l,.  ,1  ,1,..  |„„,„.,,„  ,.f  ,i,.. ,  i.,,,,;. 

,!,'■' ;,"''i'     ',' "'" '"'""'  "■'"■ '" '''"  • "" '  '"»i'".i,f  .„„...  i„«i,i.i,i„.  «.,..•„, 

.- ..,  i„« ,1, .  „„„,i,.r„i  „,.i,i,.„.„„.„,, ..r  1,1,  ,v,„„i,  „  „„.  „„,,  „,„„;,,,,, If „ ,,: .;  „f,„, 

i,,  I      If  .;      "' ,"'  "','    "'"''■''  ""  '''"  "•"■'"'"  """I'i'il'-"-  '"  """■  "H „„r...     Vhr  .mlv 

,,i  .,         '.,  '"'" "■"" ■'Iil"".-n..ir...nm„,„l,r..hhl...v|„.,!l.l„„fr.,m 

•  1,  i  "I  •';",';  '"  ""■'■'"  ""■  "'""'  '"■ ' =•'  '''"■"''•■'■  'iliH-lf.  "'•"■  -rnMr. ,...-. ,1 

n    ,  ',       r"       '";,  "'"',:'•"';'' ^'•' «'»^'  '"  'l,o..  for h.  l.n.  ul/l,  .,.r.,.|>  .1,.. 

/      "V    r    ;       '       ," '-  ""■''''■'^'  "•  ""■>  •""'  •"■-""  """'•  i"  '"11  ""■'  •' I'"    l':^!''^ 

>^; "si i ,'•?," :,'■" '  '","""'"'*'" ''' '" ■^'""■" '■-'""'" '■■''•'"•  ■'>"•■  "i«""> '" ""■<■"' ' "f 

,       ,       r         I  .■""',"  '"•*""•  """-"''^   '""'■   "-   ' • ' "•■  "■'        "'■    i '^ 

.,;,'.'      ;;■  ",";""■-'  • •'""■  •'"  '"•■  "'■""••• ■"" '"""""i- 1'"  i'''-"- 

m-    II,..  -,,lrl,  „f  .1,,.  v..,..r„„.    Tl„.  Il,--  -f  y I.  ^.|„«.  |„  ,.,,,,  |,„„„f  ,,,.  ,,„,„  ,,,.,„„     ,,,,  ,, 

\i;  ""• ■^""  "" "■ "  '""f  "  '■"""■>  I-'-"-  1.  ...  ,„i,„nl.    ., „„„„.!„.„  ,.,  M,.,l,i.l 


r 


mB 


llh'ttS.Who  rninfi/*. 


h|iu|M>  iif  rill'  (  It'iltintl,  of  Ailllltl  ltll*l  l''.V<>,  IMIil  till'  lllliv«>|>tll 
Itlollh'llloMtt  i>i'  liiiili;  lllltl  Nillil  tllllt  his  Kllltf.  ill  IIm'  ll'IMt 
Hpilll  of  MH'lt  lt|i»rll»'llnHM|.  y;rii'\iliw;  u\fV  IIm'  loss  of  Nollls, 
illlil    srlit    |||>>    Spillliiinls    to     |iii'Vft|t     till'    lli|iililtlo||    (if     itlojs 

lllltl  tli«>  ii'voliiiijx  suriitii'*'  of   iiD'ti  unit  wiiiiii'ii.     'i'lii'  mill 

|sll*l'1H  of  till*  M'Ollll  IIIHI  III!  |)0\\l'|  fill  Ooil,  III'  t'0||cill<il'l|, 
Wolllil  rollll'  Itfti'l'  IlilM  lo  illstllK't  til«>  Mt'XinitlN  III  tllt'MU 
llojy    tlltllKs. 

"I    liiiVf  IiskI  II    lu'lfi'i't    I  iiil"'r.l:iliillMjr,  *    Irplii'il    Molid' 
Xtllll!!,    "of   III!   till'  ili<>i-ol||s«>  Illlil, ri'lisoliili;:-*  >\ilir|i   Noll    IlllVl* 

iiiitli'i'SMi'd  Itpfuji'  now  ((I  my  snhji-cts  ii|ion  tin-  Miltjui  of 
joiiiHoil,  mill  ill  icliitioii  to  till' ('loss,  .  ,  W'l'  liini'  nor  i»>. 
Hpoiiilt'M  to  iiiiv  of  tlii'-Hf  rliliiu's.  I'or  fioiii  III!'  Iifj:iiiiiiii;u'  lit't'«» 
^^•'  liiiM'  ;ii|ori'<l  uiir  ^oi|s,  miil  luixf  lirlil  rln'rn  ro  In'  uoml 
noils;  mill  MO,  no  iloiilif,  m'«'  yours.  Iini  «lo  tmr  rnlM'  i'n« 
tioiiltli',  lit  pii'si'iit,  to  Hiiy  mi.\  tiling  inoii'  iilniiit   tliiiii   fo 

Us.'*  Till'  I'liyiil  p:m';ill  tlli'll  ( oiiiliKlfd  uilli  il  lllo^t  rolir- 
tt'olis  It  I'l'li'liri'  to  llic  Spiilii>li  Si.vrli'i;;!!. 

Si'Vi'iiil  iliiys  ui'ii'  now  .niployt'il  in  vii'win^-  lin'  riiy.  lis 
iippi'm'iiiici'  lilli'il  till'  Spiiniiiiils  with  siupiisi'  miil  iiilmiiii- 
tioii.  'I'lit'lt'  roiijil  l»i' sfiii  till'  vnsr  nuiilxtt  piiiri'.  w  illi  its 
tlioiis!ini|s  of  Itiiyi'i's  iinii  m-IIits.  Coiir-s  xisiiid  ilip  un-iit 
ti'iiipli'  of  rlii'  Mi'xirmi  piil  of  wm.  nt  iIh'  •  iiti:inn'  of  wliii  h 
hi'  wiis  ri't'i'lvi'il  hy  Monfi'/.iiinii  iiihI  lii>  piii'sfsmnl  iiohli'.s. 
Till'  pMity  nsri'iidi'il  to  iIk'  piniiiirli'.  iiml  tln'  vii'W  wjih 
lii'iiiirifiii. 

Wliili' I'lijoyiiii-'  till'  ,!iri;ri(Ii'iir  of  iln- M-ein',  Corlrs  tiiriipil 
toliisvi'iii'i!il»li'(oiiip!inion.  l''!illiritli'()iini(lo.  iiikI  Mii<l :  "It 
tippi':irs  to  lilt'.  Hi'Vi'ii'iiil  rutin  r.  tlint  wr  miuiit  just  iihiUm 
M  tiiiil  of  Moiiti'/imi!!.  iiikI  sf'  il  li«'  would  lit  iis  m'I  up  our 
cliiiirli  lii'ii'."'  'I'll.'  wiser  KiMiirisnin  ivplird  tllllt  il«woiilil 
1)1' vi'iy  wi'll  to  miilxi'  III'  ivqiii'sl  if  tiii'ii'  wi'ii'iiny  liopi-  of 
Its  lu-iui '^raut.'d.  .Iiisiilii'ii  lid  not  si-i'in  to  1h' iin  oppor- 
tiuit'  niomi'ut,  iiuil  till'  .Mi'xii'iin  ruler  would  iiiosf  iiki-ly 
^dvi«  ji  d.ridi'd  ri'fus:il.  Tin'  Spmiisii  (Iciirrnl  iil>:iudoiii'(l 
tin'  idi'a,  iiml  iin'ivly  nsjvi  d   Moiilrzunm  to  jii'miit  tin'  stnin- 


•  "PiirCrrmr,  Snllnr  I'mlrc.  i\»f  «"  m  liliii  i|i"'  "li'ii""'  "'i  lii'i'"  ''  M'liihriiinii ;  »i<iliri'  nuc  no* 
tlixv  liH/.cr  luiiii  h.iistru  l«l.  ,lii,"-i/fr/iu/  Maz,  "  UUIvila  U«  la  luni/uUla.' 


ml  till-  iitil>ri>nl 
ill).',  ill  I  III*  trim 

III'   |0M<4    uf    NMIIIh, 

iil:illi)|i  nf    IiIiiIh 
liifli,     'I'lii'  iiiill 
,    lit*    i'<)|ir|ii«|)'i|. 
•xlrtlllN    ill    tlit'MU 

ifplifil  Monti'- 
V  liirli  yitil  li:i\t' 
[|  lllf  Milijtt't  of 
W'f  liiixr  IH'f  !»•• 

•  lif^iiiiiin;U'  ln'ii* 

Iftli     to    lit'    uooil 

|o      tiol      tlll\l>     I'li' 

tllioiit  IId-Iii  to 
til  !i  iiio>«t   loiir- 

ii>r  liw  ••ity.  lis 
'Imi'  iiikI  luliiiirii- 
■t  I'liirf.  willi  its 
i  i«^itf4  I  III'  yifiit 
iiliiiiin'  of  wliii  It 
it'.sfN  Hint  imhirs. 

I      'III'     \ii'\V      WilS 

H',  Col  Irs  tiiriH'd 
|o.  iinil  stiid  :  "It 
miulit  just  iiiiiUt' 
ct   us  st'i  lip  our 

•  '(I  tliiit  iiMvoiiM 
,t'i('  siiiy  Iki] r 

to  Ih>  ill)  o|i|ior- 
iild    niosr  likfly 

llt'l'ill    illiiliuldllfd 

H-riiiit  till'  .HfniM- 


Idiiiiriiinii ;  Mibrc  <iiit'  non 


'n.nsAMuj  ioHT^jt, 


m 


K-iH  m  ^,.,.  |,u  iro  h     I'of  Oio  n^Hi  rliiio  a  riirUflan  «'ii(.  i'...| 
lht»«.t'  ilii'inl  iilHMJtot  of  lilolatrv. 

Ill  II  hm.'i'  H„.v  U.M.ltu;,  hl.i.'ni,^  M«nii>N  M-iit.  ,1  oi,  uu 
"".'I'.  •ni.l.T  II  n.ii.ipy,     o,,..  |„m|  u  hunui  runs  h|.|..  mioiiHi 
""'l  t.'llihl....y.'s-    f|„.   oil,,.,.   |,;m|  „   nMlllt..iiilllr.'  ||K,.  f|,Hf  uf 
H  IM'III,       M-roli.  fli.'H..  I.luj,  u.'h.  luiiniliu  .lylil  n,>/  ||..,ilfs  ..f 

"'•'M   ^»lio  liti.l    tliiit   iliiy    I, Hur,lli.-...|.     Th..   u„||.    „,.,,,. 

'•  •••!<  Wifli  ,.|ott..l  M..,».|.     Th..  Ht.'iirli  wan   N|.'k.'i,||,j^      i„ 

"llnlf,  if  U,H  II  sluhf  invflll  tiri.l  |..S<.mi,^.  uiMJ  f,„.|,'.s  ,||,|  ,„„ 
llM.'Mipt  to  n,iir..;,|  |,i^  JM.l  m,,!  ( 'III  i>l imi  iii.|imiiilio„  Tli.. 
H|.;iMliir.|s  li„„rh,.,|  iMrU  to  ||,..ir  ,p,.„„.,s.  sj,.k..u...|  ,.||.|  .:,.!. 
;'"'""'•   '""  •"•"•mvllllt   .'MlWll.. |„s    lotl...UIlllll.',m.l    l.,II'. 

i'";'";/'";';"Msof  tii..„M.ri  i.y  ui.u,,,  ,i„.y «.,... mTou,„i..,i. 

<-••.-  l.-lt  til.'  pM.-.ilhir  .hi,u.'r  nn.l  ,|.-lir;,rv  ofjiis  .jfi,. 
'"";"  ,     ' '""'  "  ••""•""•'  •" f  ••ih'UM.MMmvs.  '„.,  I..S.  „„..v 

villi  nIniHlluol  soMi.'rs  to  p,.,i.'tia.P  into  ,|„.  |,.,„,  ..C  u 

'ir''^;:' •'••'':'•■•••  ^'••'■'•'''-vi.iK.mn'Mi..t«i,i.op..„o^ 

...     ...Ill   usnil.T.     II..  ...s   ,iou|o.Iu...|  lulls  n.p  til. 

..    I  asniliins    i.ow.'v.'r.  Inid  .'luu.'Mly  ,lissu:„l...|  l|...Sp,,„ 
i'.  •  s  fioMi  pliu'in,-  siu'l,  .■onll.h'i,,..'  i„  MoMCvuiuii  ,is  to  ,.'.,..,■ 

;""'''"\"    l"'"'"tl.is.i..-ivy.slM,tupusiiu..,..iMiisuan. 
l.'Mu  wliiHi  irwiis  InipossiM,.  ,„  ,.„.',. 

Tl...yasHu,v,ltli.'Sp;.,hH.Mstl,i.t,li.'M..si..aupri.'s^ 

",';;'"' '    ""M'Hls    n..,u.<-l.'.l    lli.'l,.  sLvlp,    to 

Tt     :     ?r"'^T'' "Pi'.-.l.  .lint  lu'inlulit  nit  tli.'in 

I     p..,'..|,,,lM,nttl,..,,pp,o...us|ouolM^  r 

1  •      '"""'■"'•-. :  rlint  by  hr uu^  tli.  l.rl,V..s  pin I 

:,    ;    '      tTl'n'"" ""-"->-•  ^'"•••'■tivnt./^  Ills  I,:.u.| 

^..mouiul..^ 

^'.^^i.>....inion.,.H.t.io,-.;;ij':;';..:.^^^^^ 


278 


JlKliyjXDO  tVIlTI^^ 


with  it's|M'ct  i<>  llif  ii  it'si:  liMc  iHiwn  dl'  liis  iunis.  To  In 
tiiiii<l  WHS  t(»  liC  lost.  Till'  Iciisf  siiiri  ol'  IVnr  nii^lit  biiiiju; 
Miilitt'/llliiil  In  !i'l  l(iitst>  lipdli  liilii  liic  wliolf  Unvr  (if  (lie 
('iii|>ii'i-.  A  lioiil  slip  li:i(I  invtilvi'd  liiiii  in  (lifliciillirs.  luit 
Ji;' vt'iitiiit'd  (111  u  .slill  boldti-  ptiliiqis,  ilu'  ItDklcst  in  till 
liistoiy. 

lie  it'Sdi',  ('(I  Id  s:'i/t>  M(  iitt'/iini;i.  in  liis  dun  iiiiliicc,  and 
brinu' liini  ;is  n  piisitncr  Ic  the  Spiinisli  (|n!ii  his.  \  niidiis 
cMiisfs  ni'ufd  liini  Id  iu't  tlins.  Fioni  the  sn]n'rsiiiidns  vcn- 
(■);ilidii  dt'  tilt'  M'.'xiciins  foi'  tlic  iicisoii  dl'  tlicir  Mdniirdi.  as 
veil  as  tiicir  implicit  snlijiiission  Id  ids  will.  ("di'i(''s  lidprd 
liiat  l)y  iiavinir  Mdntc/nnm  in  i'lis  liands,  lie  wonld  liavc  ;i 
sacred  pleduc  widcli  woidd  secure  Idin  IVdni  tlieir  violence, 
lie  nidivdver  tliduulit  lliMt  uilli  llie  Kni]iei->r  diice  in  Ids 
jidwei'.  all  the  i)i'dvinces  dl'  \\]v  Mexican  enipiic  wnnld  lie 
easily  hfonnht  nndef  Spanish  I'nle.  He  cdnnnnnicaled  the 
jieiildiis  scIk  nie  td  his  n(»  ){>s.  and.  accdi'dinu'  to  !>enial  Diaz, 
they  }iasse(l  the  niulit  in  |ir:!\in<;'  Id  (idd.  "that  the  enter- 
piise  iniiiht  he  so  cdiidn -teil  as  Id  it'dcmnd  td  liis  holy 
ser\  ice.""' 

The  recent  killinii'  dl"  a  fe.v  Spaiiiat'ds  outside  the  city  was 
made  the  pretext.  I'ntil  the  mat tei- was  cleared  up.  ("oil (''s 
dei  hired.  Monrezuma  mn>t  cdiiie  and  live  with  his  i'drces  iu 
their  (piartei's.  He  added  kind  and  sodthin,!.;'  wdrds.  but 
the  Mexican  Monaich  sat  stui»elie(l  at  the  bold  demand.  '•  I 
am  not  one  (if  these  ]ierM»ns,""  Jie  Jt'iilied.  "wild  are  imt  in 
Mveil  if  I  were  ttcdliseiit,  lliy  subjects  Wduld  never 
,-.  ;.  ir.""  The  Spanish  (leneral  i)ersisted.  hciwever,  in  his 
lei.  .11(1,  and  ^Mdiitezum;.  finally  yielded.  In  deep  silence 
,t"  was  bcrnt'diit  of  his  ]iahice--never  more  to  return,  lie 
Y.iis  hurried  in  sihMif  pom])  to  the  Spanish  (iiiarters. 
"This."  says  Helps,  "i>  an  iin]iaralleled  fraiisacticm.  There 
is  iidthiim-  like  it.  I  beli<  ve.  in  the  annals  (,f  the  wdild."" 

I  "RoMiiil'i  A  l):n-.  line  riii--r  ilc  I  il  nidilo.  (iiic  rc(liiii(l:i><c  Ii:ir;i  mi  siimui  scrviciii."-  y/i/y/ii/ 
inn:. 

8-N(.\vtlint  Inni  iin  nlii  nmn."  wril.  -  llio  vcirniti  Ilinz,  nfly  ycrir-  iift.T  lie  \m'iiii-'>i'i1  tln' iili()\.' 
ovcni.  '•  1  ofti'ii  .iitiTtr.in  iiiv-  ,;r  wil!i  .mIIIiil'  m  mind  llir  licinii-  ilciiN  <il'  .■miIv  iIii\>  lill  tlw  y  iiiv 
ny  frcsti  iiv  •  m  iiliiy.  1  think  nf  111  •  Mi/iirc  of  the  liidiiMi  Mnniiirli.  lii-^  ci.nlliK  nii'iit  in  irmis 
lind  tin  .  ■;«,,, i».n  cf  liis  tAWnr^.  lill  :  11  Hk^c  llii'i'-'^  -«'dii  .■Klindly  pa>.in-  liffniv  iiir.  And.  M.< 
1  |M.:idcr  oi,  onr  exploits.  I  fiid  llial  il  "ii-  not  of  our-.'hvs  tlwit  «<■  p.Tforiiird  llnin.  Imt  tluit  it 
W'ls  till'  rr.ividincu  uf  tioU  wliiili  ;;iii'kd  us.    Much  food  is  Ihure  liurc  fi  r  luiuilalioii." 


U'dl 

}•• 
( 

1 


is  iiiins.  'I'o  1)4 
'!ir  iiii^lit  \n\uii 
jU>  ruicc  (if  (lie 
(lilliciillit's.  I)iit 
I'  liuklcst  ill  iiil 

)U  11  |i:ilii(')-,  and 
iiltis.  V'Miitiiis 
i])('i>tili<iiis  vcM- 
cii'  Muiuirrli,  as 
1.  ("nrlrs  litipt'tl 
('  would  liiivc  :i 
1  llit'ir  viiilt'iicc. 
l"»i'  once  ill  liis 
iipiit'  wuiild  !)(• 
iiiiiimicalcd  ilic 
:  t(»  I'mial  Dia/. 
'tliat  till'  ciitci- 
id    to    Ills    holy 

i(l<'  tli<'  city  was 
■art'd  up.  Corlrs 
ifli  Ills  forces  ill 
iii.u'  words.  l)Ut 
lid  (h'luaiid.  ••  I 
•who  arc  \nU  in 
cts  would  never 
however,  in  his 
In  deep  silence 
'  to  return.  He 
anish  (iiiarlers. 
iisaction.  There 
the  world."  •' 


siimii  scrvicio. "-./<< /■//((/ 

tcr  III'  \m'iiii"'"CiI  till'  iiIkim' 
(if  cMilv  iliiys  lIll  llwv  iiif 
Ills  ciiiilliii  iiiriit  ill  Iniiis, 
-ini.'  Iiifiiii'  nil'.  Anil,  ii.-i 
Toniicil  llii'in.  luit  lluit  it 
fi  f  miuilalion." 


1 


iihii.\A.\i)()  v(>nTf:s. 


g?» 


Mnnte/iinia  was  received  in  the  Spanish  (piarleis  with 
every  inaik  of  jijiili  lespecl.  He  was  .'itleiided  hy  his  own 
domestics,  and  served  wiiii  his  usual  stale.  His  [nincipal 
•  'lliti'is  hal  I'lee  access  lo  hiiii.  As  if  he  had  heen  at  per- 
I'ect  iihejty.  he  caiiied  on  i'\t-\\  I'liiK'tioii  oj'  ;io\t'riinienl. 
The  Cast  ilia  lis,  however,  kept  a  carelul  watch  ov<r  iheii  ii:\al 
jiiisoiier-iruest  ;  1)111  at  the  same  lime  endeavor<'d  lo  soothe 
i\\\i\  reconcile  him  to  his  situation  Ity  delicate  acts  oj'  reyard 
iiiid  allaclimeiit.'  Thus,  l»y  the  l'«irliin;ite  temerity  (»!' ( 'oi'tes, 
llley  at  once  seciireil  to  themselves  nioie  extensive  authorilv 
ill  "he  Mexican  einjiire  Ihaii  it  would  he  possilile  to  jiave 
ncipiired  in  a  lo]m  c(»iirse  of  time  hy  op-n  Force.  In  the 
name  of  another  they  now  exiTcised  more  alisoliiie  sway 
than  lliey  could  have  done  in  their  own. 

The  S]»aiiish  (Jeiieral  did  not  hesitate  to  avail  himselt'  of 
the  pievers  which  he  ]).)ssessed  by  lieiliu'  aMe  to  act  in  the 
name  of  .Monte/iima.  lie  sent  some  of  his  Iiest  (pialilieil 
olliceis  into  dilfeieiit  ]):ii'i,s  of  the  emi)ire,  accompanied 
l»y  pi'isiuis  (»f  distinction,  whom  .Moiiteziinia  apjiointed 
'"'  iitleiid  to  them.  l)nih  :is  unities  and  protectors.  Thev 
visited  nn)st  of  the  provinces,  viewed  their  soil  and  jiro- 
diiclions.  (hey  surveyed  with  ])arlicular  care  the  districts 
which  yieldi'd  uojd  or  silver,  jiilched  upon  several  places 
as  proper  points  for  future  colonies,  and  endea\ored  to 
piepare  the  iiiinds  of  the  Mexicans  for  siiiiinitrin.u- to  Sj)an- 
ish  rule. 

Willi  the  keen  eye  of  tlioiiulitfill  ii-enilis  Cortes,  liow- 
ever,  saw  tlirre  was  <ine  thinu-  'till  waiitiiiLr  to  cumpleie 
his  security.  He  always  looked  ahead.  lie  wished  to 
]ia\e  command  of  the  lake  which  surrounded  the  ureat 
cily.  This  would  o]ien  a  means  of  i'etre:i.|.  if,  either  from 
levity  or  disgust,  the  Mexicans  should  take  anus  a.u'uinst 
him,  and  break  down  the  hridiies  or  causeways.    With  him, 

'  ll  iii.-iy  well  III'  lirlii'M'il  th.ir  ilii'  S|iaiii:iriN  illil  not  in'-li-rt  llic  (i|i|)uiiniiily  ;  ITorili'il  liv  liis 
n-iili'iin'  \\  iili  llii'iii  of  iii-lilliiiLr  into  liitn  ~mw  nnlioiis  c,f  n,,'  Cliii«ii:,ii  (iiM-irjiii',  Kiihi'i-,  '|)iaz 
ami  lilnii-ili)  rxlutn.-tiil  .-ill  ilii'ir  liattvry  of  lu-ir  ami  iH'r.Mia.''ii;M  to  sliaki-  lil>  faltli  In  lii>  iiliiN, 
Init  ill  vain.  Ur,  inilii'il,  paiil  ii  ini)«l  nlifyin^'  lUlrntinii,  Hlii<  !i  nave  iiroiiiiT  of  lutli  i-  tliin:,'-!.' 
Hut  Ihii  I'DiifiTiiiii-*  aluays  cIom'iI  uiili  the  ilii  laiathm  tliat  •'llii'  lioil  nf  tlic  Cliri.stiuiis  wii.s 
fjiioil,  iiiit  lliai  lln'  jioUs  of  \\U  own  coiinlry  wito  llic  trui-  troil.i  fur  liini."— /V-.srOcV. 


2») 


jiKiixAxno  coiiT/^:s 


V, 


to  plan  w.'iM  Id  Mccdiiiplisli.     iri(viii<j;  fn-ciiiciitly  ctih  rl;iiiM'(l 
Mdiilczmiiii  willi  iicromiis  u\'  sliijis  nntl  llic  :iit  of  ii:ivi«::i 
fidll,    he  awaUclK'd   the   laftcl's  cilliosity  lo  sec   lliosr   liiuv- 
iii.u'   pahircs,  wliicli  without  oars  math'  tlicir  wax  iliionuli 
tlic  walci'. 

I'lKh'r  tlic  j)ri'h'xl  of  yratil'yiii.ii'  tliis  dcsiiv.  Corh's  ic 
(liifstcd  Moiilf/.imia  to  appoint  soiiu-  of  his  siilijfcls  to  In  iii.u' 
to  the  city  part  of  llic  naval  stoifs  wiiich  Ihf  Spnniaids  liiid 
Ifi'l  at  \t'ia  Cii;/,  lad  to  employ  otiieis  in  entlinu-  (hiwn  and 
])i('paiin,u' tinilii-r.  It  was  done  And  with  Mexiriin  jissist- 
ance,  tile  (Jastilian  cai'p.'nt.'is  soon  coniideted  luo  iiriuan- 
tines.  A  new  sonrce  (»!'  ainiisenient  was  thns  all'orded  to 
thednsky  .Miinaicli,  and  a  means  of  escape  to  Coiies.  il"  he 
shoniil  I)e  oliiiu'ed  to  i-etir<'. 

The  Spaiusli  Coinniander  felt  lliat  ilie  time  had  anived  to 
persnade  Monteznma  to  jiive  st»me  j)id)lic  si<in  ol  I'eidty  to 
the  Kinu-  (»!"  Spain.  It  was  ceitniniy  a  fiyin.u'  test.  'Die 
Mexican  Monaicirs  elastic  power  oi"  snI)ndssion  was  now  to 
l)e  stretched  to  tlie  utmost.  He  called  to.uelher  the  chiel' 
rneji  of  his  empire,  and  rendnded  ihetn  in  a  solemn  speech  of 
the  traditions  iiiid  p:".)p!ii';'ie-(  which  led  them  to  expect  the 
arrival  oi"  a  i)eopl(  sprniii;'  from  I  he  same  stock  as  thenisehrs 
in  order  to  take  j)ossession  of  the  supreme  ]iower.  lie  de 
dared  his  belief  that  the  Spaidards  were  this  ]iromised  lace. 
lie  said  he  recon;in/,eil  the  riu'hl  of  their  Kinu-  to  <i'overn  the 
Mexican  emi)ire.  and  that  he  would  lay  down  his  crown  and 
obey  the  Spanish  Sovereign  tis  n  trilmtary.  His  aiief  was 
visible,  for  he  wept.  This  act  of  snbndssion  and  homa.i:e 
was  ex<'cnted  with  all  due  formality.  What  a  sudden  clian,ue 
in  the  [)osition  of  a  vast  enijiirel 

P)Ut  the  nr,.;,nd  triumph  of  Cortes,  and  that  !is(>  of  his 
])ower  for  which  he  lias  been  likened  to  dndas  Maccabeus, 
was  in  the  (h'striu-tion  of  the  hideous  Mexican  idols,  the 
deansin.ir  of  their  foul  temples,  and  the  stern  forbidding-  of 
liuman  sacrilices  any  more.  Monuv.uma  himself  and  niany 
of  his  chief  men  were  present  at  tin;  downfall  of  the  idols. 
It  must  have  been  a  glorious  siulit. 

About  six  months  luul  ni  w  juis.sed  awav  since  the  >rexi- 


II i: II \ A. MX)  loirrfis. 


itly  <'ti((  ri;iiiM'(l 
'  :iit  (if  ii:i\i^;i- 
st'i'  llidsc  niov- 
I'  wiiy  iliiDii.iili 


sIlT.  Cdilrs  ic- 
iil>jf<'ls  l(t  liiinu' 
'  Spiiiiiiirds  li;i(l 
Itiiiu'  (low  II  iiii<l 
Mt'Xiriiii  Mssi.sl- 
rd  lud  ItiiuMii- 
HIS  iil)'iir([t'(l  Id 
()  C'dilc'-s.  if  111' 

li:i(i  iinivrd  to 
i^ii  (il  IViilty  t(» 
lillU'  test.  'I'lic 
imi  wiis  now  ((» 
t'tlicr  the  cliicr 
•Icrnn  s|i(m'c1i  of 

II  Id  r\|ircl  tlic 
k  ;is  tlit'iiist'lvcs 
Ktwcr.  Ill'  (U' 
jirdiiiist'il  liicc. 
r  td  <idV('ni  I  lie 
I  liis  crown  iiixl 

Ill's  aiit'l"  WilS 

HI  ;iii<l  lidiiiii;i:»' 
sudden  fliiiiijie 

li;it  ns(>  of  his 
l;is  M.'icciiliciis, 
Mciiii  iddls.  the 

I  forliiddiii^-  of 
self  ;iiid  jiiMiiy 

II  of  the  idols. 

sinco  the  yh'\\- 


v.xw   .Mdiijiirh  iM'iiiin  to  live  in  ijic  Spmiish  (iniirtcis.'     Oiu* 

diiy  ht' s.'iii  rdf('(,rt,'.s.     Tlu-y  ivtiivd  u^  a  v „.  iiiid  Mdn- 

I'-ziiniii  Ihiis  iiddivssi'd  Ih.' S|.iiiiish  <M'n.'r:ii:  ••  i  |ii:i_v  yen, 
riiU.'  yoiir  (h'i.ailiii.'  IVdin  this  my  city  niid  my  lund.  Idi'  mv 
^i'dds  iiic  very  jiii-iy  lh;it  I  krrp  Vdii  iieiv.  Ask  dl'  nic  uhiit 
yon  iiiiiy  \\;iiif.  •mu\  \  will  uiv,.  it  fd  yon.  iid  ndt  ihink  ihiit 
1^  s;iy    (liis   Id  yi.ii  in  jiiiy  J.'si.  Inn   wry  niiicli  in  .'iinicst. 

Thr|..r,,|-.',  riillilj  |„y  dcsiiv.  lh:it  sd  i;  nuy  JM'  d(.iM'.  uh.ilcv.T 

luiiy  dcnir." 

CortcVs  u;isii  niiin  whom  .'vcnts  nii-hl  siiipiisc.  I.iii  in-vn- 
discdinpds...  «'|  hiivc  hciiid  uh;it  yoii  h:iv.'  sjii.!.'"  he  ic- 
l'li.'<l,  ••jind  ijcink  yoii  niiich  Idr  it.  Niiiiir  :i  lim,'  uhcn  yen 
^vish  lis  Id  dt'imit,  mhiI  so  ir  shiill  \n\" 

'•I  do  iidt  wish  ydii  td  hiiny/"  s;dd  iIh' p(,|iii,'  Mdi,(,.. 
ziiniii.     "T.ik.'  lli(    tiin.'  that  seems  td  ydii  necessiiiy;  mikI 

Avhell    y.ll    (h)   M,,,    I    xvili    niv,.    Id    y,„|.    Cdites,     tWd    jdMds   df 
^•oid,  jind  diie  t(»  (.jicji  dl"  ydiir  edliip:iliid|is." 

'•Von  :ire  silready  well  nware/"  ivmiiiked  the  Spiinish 
(ienenil.  --how  I  destl'dyed  my  ships,  wliei,  I  liisl  |;,iidfd  in 
your  teiTifory.  Jint  ik.w  w  Imve  iirrd  drdili,.|s  tdictnni  lo 
our  own  r..nnt.y.     I  slidiild  |„>  dhjinvd  if  y„„  wd,ild  -ive  ns 

Wolkni.'U  to  cur  iind  Wdik  the  tillll.er:   and  wli.'ii  the'vessels 

•••le  l.uilt.  we  shall  take  (uir  (h'pailnic.     Of  this  voii  ran  in- 

Idini  your  udds  and  ydiir  siiiijecis."' 
.Monte/nnia   assented.     .M.'xi,.;,,,    wdiknu-n    were  sent   id 

\era  Crii/  under  Spanish  dlliecrs.     Tli<.   l.iiildin-  ..f  ships 

was  lu'uiin  in  earnest. 

Fi'din  the  day  dl'  this  interview,  hdwevrr.  the  I., ne  of  tli-' 

Mexican  ruler  f(.wai(ls  ('dries  was  cluiimcd.  The  Spaniards 
l)e.U'anl..ap])ivrial.'thedani.-erof  their  pdsitid„;  niid  unit 
about  fully  prepared  for  a  sud.len  attack  at  aiiv  nu.n.ent. 
Indeed  this  little  bddy  of  i,„.„  Jiv,,!  in  their  annor.  an.l 
lornie.1  .sn.-h  hal.its  of  wnrin.vss  that  vears  of  peace  could 
not  efhice  the  watchful  custr.ms  whi<'h  Ihev  liad  acquired  at 
thl^s  eventful   period  of  their  lives,  so  much  s,,.  fh.-,t   one  of 

M  N     l...".!:  m„l  ,n    I,,.-..  f..u  ,„n,„hs  I,,-  h,„|  :,..,., |M,„„  „„„..  ,„,,„  ,,„„,  ,„,„,.,„.   "  „,^      ;  ^J 

i.ft(Tl,ini--i.vd(h,l«iiliM,smallaf„r<T,itluscommaiHl.-//e//,«. 


■ 


I     II 


•>i 


7//v'fi.v.LV/>o  conrfis. 


tlH'iii  iil'tfrwiirds  (Icsciilit's  liow  III- Tdiilil  iu'vcr  p;iss  si  iiiixlif 
in  lii'd.  lint  must  p't  up  iiiid  walk  about  in  tin-  npni  air,  ami 
ua/c  at  tlin  stars.'  H'  such  wciv  tin-  rft'liiii-s  ui  tlu'  <(iiiiiiii'ii 
siildit-rs.  wiiat  must  have  Iwcii  ihf  sln'|ilfss  aiixifiy  of  their 
I'niiimaiidi'r ; 

Oiilva  few  of  lliosr  days  of  IVar  and  siis]i(iis('  iiad  woiii 
a\\a\.  wlifii  Cnrirs  riM'fivt'd  iiiirlli.nriicr  ol'  a  niu>i  inriilfx 
luiX  r\cnt.  laLililtrii  ships  had  arrived  in  tiir  I'ay  of  San 
.liian.  nut  far  Irom  his  liillc  ((.Itpiiy  <»r  Vera  Cm/..  It  was 
alarmini;' ni'us.'  'riic  Ccnrral  inslanlly  sent  nit->st'n,iit'rs  in 
various  dirci'tioiis  to  ij, lean  rnrtlicr  iid'oiiualioii  in  reuard  to 
the  ships.  At  last,  Moulfznma  inrornird  him  liiat  he  was 
aware  of  the  arrival  of  the  newcomers,  lie  showed  ('dries 
a  i)icture  of  the  force.  It  liad  disemharked,  and  con>isted 
t»i'  eiuhly  horses,  eiiiht  liundred  men,  and  ten  or  twelve  can- 
non. The  .Mexican  tiller  also  iutiuiated.  it  is  sai<l,  that 
there  was  now  no  excuse  for  the  Spaniards  to  delay  their  re- 
turn home. 

This  I'nrmidahle  armaiueut  was  sent  l>y  his  fornwr  master, 
and  now  Litter  enemy,  (Joveinor  Nelasipie/,  ol"  Ciilia.  It  was 
commanded  hy  l>e  Narvaez.  an  expi-rieiiced  j^eiieral ;  and 
his  inslriictions  were  to  seize  Cortes  and  his  companions, 
lie  sent  a  llaiterin.u'  inessaue  to  Montezuma,  tellinif  him  that 
he  came  to  release  him.  lie  also  .soiiuhf  to  jiain  the  little 
liarrison  at  \era  Cruz.  I)ut  they  were  true  to  their  Comman- 
der. To  Cortes  the  daiiuer  was  immineiil,  ami,  like  a  hero, 
lie  met  it  more  than  half-way. 

LeaviiiL'-  a  hrave  oHicer  named  .Mvarado  in  command,  lie 
dei>ailed    from  the  city  at  the   head    of  only    seventy  of  his 

■  Diivii,-  il,i>  tiin.'  111., mil-  tliiU  tlic  Si.MiiiMnl-  r.i.iMin.il  in  MrNir...  .■very  iiimii,  williont  miv  .11- 
liiHlii.M  l..'l«..i.  i.llir.r,  Mill!  ..ililirr-.  >l.pt  <m  hi-  Mini-,  in  hi-  M"ill'''l  .i^"l^>'-  'I'"'.*'  '•'•*■  '"' 
iiiii!-.  or  Mi-iuv  smnd  ,.i.  ih.'  Ilimr:  mi.l  .'M.  h  wii-  iil.li-.Ml  to  linl.l  hiniMlf  in  in-i.iiii  rra.lin.-». 
••Tlii-  "  "lilv-  Ih.'  -iil.llirhi-l.iriiin.  Hcnml  Din;.  -  hvrintw  s.i  liiihilii.il  l.i  in.',  Ilmr  I'V.n  ii.m  in 
my  mlvani'.  .1  ii'.-.'.  I  always  ,^1.'.',.  in  my  .l.ithi'-..  ,"  ■  -rv  in  my  Ih'.I,  Wh.'ii  I  vi-il  my  /./-'-.///i- 
,i'„/<i  1  (l.'.m  it  -nil  il.l.'  Ill  my  niiik  I.)  havi'  ii  l.,'ii  .  ni.'il  al.iiiL'  "ilh  my  oih.v  haiTa-.'.  laii  I 
iii'Vcr  "..  inl.>  !!  .\iT.M-.rn'.'  I<>  «'ii>l.im  I  lie  in  my  i  l.ilh.'s.  and  walk  rr.'.nniill>  il'iiiiiL'  Ih.'  ni-lil 
int.,  ih"'  ..[..'ii  air  i..  M.'W  Ih.'  ^lai-.  a-  1  «a-  «..nt  «h.'n  in  Ih.'  -.rvi.'.'.  .\iiil.  thank-  lu'  I..  ((.,.1,  I 
liavr  ri'i'.'iv.'il  n"  h'lrm  frcmi  II.  1  ni.nti.m  tli.'s.'  iliiiiL'-  ihal  Ih.'  w.irl.l  ma>  nn.l.r-lanil  .<f  wliiit 
MiilT  \\v.  111.'  triu'  •.in.in.'ri.r:',  w.rc  mail.',  ami  h.iw  ".11  iliill.  .1  ".'  ".r.'  t'<  arm-  ami  «al.l.iii'.'." 

■-•  I'ort.'-  i'.>.-.'i\«'.l  Ihi-  lU'W-  fr.im  .m.'  »f  lii-'  .iftl.-.'r-  wliipin  h.'  hail  apii.iinl.il  m  "al.h  Ih.'  ri>i\>t. 
Wliat  n  sirikinu  in>lan(c'  .if  hi-  ri'markalil.'  fi)i'i'si;;lil. 


i 


If  «i|M'ii  nil'.  :iii<l 
ut  tlu>  <'(iiiiriii>n 
mxit'iy  <>r  tlifir 

|i('IIS<'    llllll     Will  II 

I  iinist   pt'iiilfX 
llic  r>;iy  i>\'  Sim 

II  ('ill/..        It     WilS 

t  Mit'SM'ii<it'is  in 
lull  in  I't-uiii'd  to 
ill)  liiiit  lie  ^vils 
•  sliowt'd  ( 'ditt's 
I,  mill  r(iii>i^l('(l 
w  or  Iwi'h t'  cMii- 
if  is  siiid.  tliiit 
o  (Icliiy  llH'ir  IV- 

<  fornicr  iiinstfi-, 
»l'  ('iiliji.  It  was 
(I  <:,riiciiil  ;  iind 
his  coiiipiiiiiitns. 
trjlinu'  liiiii  lliMt 
(»  <iiiiii  tin-  little 
)  tlirii-  ('tiiiiiiiiin- 
in<l,  likt'  a  licio, 

in  coiniuiind,  he 
,•   seventy  nj"  Ids 

,('iy  iiiMii,  «lili(iiii  liny  di- 
lied  Jiirki'l.  'I'liry  lay  (in 
niM'lf  ill  iii^laiii  rriiclliii-«. 

III  III  nir.  llllll  I'M  II  lli'W  III 

W'lirii  I  \M{  my  f.'xfi'ihi- 
Il  my  iiiliir  lim;!.':i';r.  Imt  1 
ii'iHiiiill>  il!!riii'_'  llii'  iiiiilit 

Anil.  Iliiink>  lif  lo  <hiiI,  I 
(1  ma>  niiilrr-^liinil  I'f  «tiat 
ir  III  ann>  and  «ii\(liiii'.'." 

iiiiinlril  111  Halc'i  Ilii'  riia^t. 


ir/:i!\.\\nn  f(/i,'rf:< 


•JH.*) 


fried  and  trusted  rujluwvis,  ami  l.y  I'm I   niairlies    |,iis|i,.d 

"II  towards  Cenipoalla.  On  tlie  uay  lie  learned  that  Nar 
Vae/  .Hriipied  theorem  teni|  ile.  and  af  enee  determined  <.u 
11^  ni-'lif  assault.  Mis  plans  were  |;nd  wiih  ama/iny  >kil|. 
The  sejitinels  were  surprised  ill  ilii.i,  posts.  The  attaek  was 
bold  an<l  sudden,  and  in  a  lew  miniiles  Narvaez  and  all  his 
men  were  prisoners  in  the  hands  of  Cortes!' 

The  prisoners  .soon  raiiLivd  themselves  under  t!ie  l.anner  of 
tlie  eompieror;  an<l  thus  a  -reaf  dan-er  was  turned  into  u 

Uelrome  siircor.      Cortes   leeeived    I  he  vail.piislied    troops   in 

the  most  winning'  manner,  and  at  once  rreaied  an  enthusiasm 
in  his  lavor.'  One  ,,r  ih,.  soldiers  ol'  Xarvae/  a  ne-n.  and 
n  comical  fellow  danced  and  shouted  for  joy.  cr\iim': 
'•Where  are  th,.  |{(,mans  win.  with  such  small  niimi.er.s  ever 
ncliie\ed  so  ureal  a  victory  ;"' 

^  Two  werlvs  after  this,  a  travel-worn  courier  hurried  np  to 
('orte.s.  jiiid  communicated  mosr  unwelcome  int.'iliucnce. 
TheSpanishuarrison  in  Mexico,  he  said,  were  hesh-vd  hy  ,h,. 
rili/eiis.  and  wnr  in  cMivnie  peril.  The  four  l.ri-anHne.s 
on  the  lake  had  Imm'Ii  hiirned.  Fmy  i»o,sses.sed  fhi.  l.aiha- 
rniis  miiltiliide.  In  sln.rt.  Alvarado*  imjilored  his  (ieiieral 
for  the  love  of  {{od  to  lose  uo  time  in  hasti'tiin^^  to  his 
assistance!  '^ 

This  revolt  was  excited  by  motives  which  rendered  it  verv 


'  I>iirliii.' tills  iMlrf 


M„.f  rn„  („,    I  „.  nionn    a-  il-  -l„.  liail ,„  „  |„„,U.,n  i,f .  -urU..  aii.l  »a.  ^M■:,r^  nf 

ooM   .  ,lo«„  ,i„„„    |„.  ,„.,,|,    -aiTilli...  ,1,  „|,|,|,  1,1  „,,  ..,„|,,,v„Hn.  ,„  ,„„  „„  .,„d-  ,„|,liil,i.u 

';  :,      '■■"""'  ""■;■ ■'• ■'  '""••■••"■•  ""•  N-'"-v-'^  f.'n'-ion.  iii.w  ,o  ,1,1.  lanil.  ., 11....  ,|i .,    ,. . 

,Mi  ,,.„,.  ivalnro  ,  c,,,.,,,-..  wi.,v  Hi,.  ,,li„...„„„r  „„„„„,„„  „„,„„.  „,  „„.„„„„  „r  „„. 
I  I  u|,    .ir  .  „    I-     N„  Hiiin..,..  l.,.«i.M.,.,  „a.  ,1,1.  ,„.M,M,  .li.i-l,li.,|,  ,l,an  ,|„.  .an...  r..r,l, II  lar 

-I'li'Mllnr.  |.illllHl,MK.  aill  Ill.lr.Mllc  virli.r,-:  -    ff-'jl-. 

■  In  ll„.  .■nnHin.i.p  Nana,..  I,,-,  an  ..y...     I|,.  ,,„-  si.„,  a-  a  ,„■!..• r  ..,  V.Ta  C,-n..     11,.  «a-  a 


Ini.|n..i|  |,.iri  III  Ills  |.\|i|.,lii:,iii  I.I  i.-|i,i 


,,.,,,     .,      „,  '"I.'. '"   '•"'•^.  "■•'■' III!'  I.''.  l.'i'V.. llllll,  .li,ar,.z.Hli.il,a,Mi..,.n 

ii,.|K„n„.,l  liy    I,..  Hilly  s,.,.  Ili-1,,,,.  „r  ,.-|,.,.iila.     Tl„.  i.Mii.,ll,ii.,i  ,.|.ai.|,|.d  Kluvida  in  .Miril.  I.VN 

N.a..a,..  anil  In.  in,.„,  ainnnpa, 1  l,y  ,l„.  pnla,..  ami  a  IVw  ,i,.|..„-.  |,..,,,,„  ,,1.1..  manl   inm  ,|„: 

.n.i.nnr.    .Inaiv.  1,  ni,iv  lii.  r,.mark..il.  wa.  ,I,...AV„/  |.M,„|i.  ,.,„|  |,i.  „ ,„„„,,  „„.  „,,..,  „„,,.;;;; 

'";'■;  "'"'  "■'  '^""'  "" ""■  I"-'-'"'  '"'>!••  "f  ""•  |-'"l'"l  Sial..-.     I)|.|.a-|..  aliliil  In  ||||.  |,i,.,ili,v 

■  If  I  „.  -av.i.,.,.  iialiv..-.  ,„a.li.  ilnir  ...iiir-roni.  .rrl,..  nf  ilisaMiTv     \VI |.r.i.-li,^r  M.il Hav  in  a 

'"■"•  ""■  "'"■'"!'  " -^  c.miiaiiion.  «,.rr  nearly  <lniHn,.,|.  Iii.,,,^-  >..,v,.,i  „„|v  i,^  ,,„,  ,|.||,        , 

laavi.ry  ,.f  N,irvai./.    Tli.-  nrM  day  Narva..  Iiim-,ir  «a.  diiv.-n  -m,  l.i  ..,. , '  ,..,v  ,.r  „..,,| .',,,,1 

y  .     Ili-h.i|.  .I,i.ii.|./  and  Ilri,lli..r  .l.ilin  .1..  l-al,i.  „..,■..  la„  „  ,„...,|„.,.     „  ,,  ,     ,.„,  „„.^        . 

IS  „.d  .If  l,nn.....r,  i.r  at  tli..  liand-  ..r  th..  Imlian-.   Tlin>  ll,|.  .Vmrri-ar, nh  had  It,  marM  ,-.  .'niv 

tlih-iy.-ix  y,.a>..  afiir  i|„.  dUcMiy  of  iIk'  cimlinc.ni.— yt,y,„/,„.  y/;,./,,,^  ,.j- ,/,,  Ci'lMc  vionrk 

Hi  i'ti    I  ,uh.  (  -'•nlfts. 


;  1 


I 


'JS 


28-t 


mnxAxno  conrRs. 


nljii'Diiiii;'.  Oil  tli(Ml»'iiiirtiirt'  nl'  Ciiiti's  I'lir  ('ciiiiMiiilln.  Ilic 
Mt'xiriiiis  lliith'l'i'il  tlicmHclvcs  tliMt  tlif  loti;;' ('X|i('<'l»'(|  i>|i|i(i|'- 
liiiiiry  ol'  ivsfoiinu'  Muiih'/iiiiiM  In  lilicity  Mini  nj'  I'lft-in^ 
tlii'ir  ('(Hiiiti  y  IKiiii  tin-  (Imiiiiiinii  ul'  ilic  (lr('ii(l<'<l  sliiiiimis. 
WiiM  lit  Ifiiii'ili  iiirivcd.  Till'  SpMiiisli  roircs  were  tliviili'd. 
illlil  lln'  (it'ilt'lill  Wiis  jil>sriit,  ('iilisillliitidlis  well'  luld. 
M;iiiy  sfliciiit's  wci'i'  rniini'il.  The  Spiininids  knew  ilicir 
»>\vii  r<'cl»|t'M(ss.  iiikI  siiNlicclfil  iiiid  dlciidfd  \\  roiis|iii;icy. 

Alvillildo,  tlioiiuil  II  Ullllillll  ollict'l'.  possrsscd  iicillicr  iIkiI 
udiidf'iriil  (';i|)iicliy  III)!' diuiiily  uj"  niiiiiiicis  liy  uliidi  Cnitrs 
liiid  iiciiiihfd   such  ;iii   jiscciidjiiicy  over   llic  iiiiiidN   dl'  I  lie 

Mt'Nii'MIIS.  iis  Iicvt'l'  mIIoUciI  IIiciii  Id  I'dllll  ,'l  jllsl  i'slilllMir  d|' 
his  \vr:iUiitss  di' df  lllrii'dwii  Nlivjiulh.  AhilUldo  kiii-w  lio 
nindf  df  siippdi'tiiii;  his  iiiilhdrity  Itiit  I'dirc  lie  llidnulii  dl' 
Ud  nicMiis  df  prrsinisidii  bill  hi-;  suoid.  Iiislrjid  dl'  nnpldy- 
ill'j,"  llddlrss  Id  discdiici'i'l    llh'  pllllis,  dj-  (d  sddlln'   lllr   spilils 

dl"  llu'  pldltiiiLC  .Mi'\ic:iiis,  he  \\:iilfd  the  return  dl'  diir  dl' 
tlit'ir  sdh'inii  pMiiiiii  I't'sliviils.  when  iIm' chiff  ix'i-sdiis  iiiilic 
cMipiif  wt'ic  diiiiciiiu',  iiccdrdiiiLi'  to  ciisidin.  in  the  cdiiri  of 
Ilic  H'lciil  Icniplc.  lid  iitlMcki'd  llic  ci'dwd  with  all  his  roicc.' 
;md  tilt'  iiiiissacrc  was  rcarl'iil.  It  uas  wild  aii<l  Itldddy 
Wdik.  'rill' ni'ws  df  this  cvciil  lilli'd  ilii' city  with  rauc  and 
I'liiy.  Ni'iiuTaiicc  walked  the  streets,  '{'he  Spaniai'ds  weiv 
iM'sieued.  and  all  fhdse  acts  ol'  vidleiice  were  coniiiiilted  el' 
Avhicli  Cdi'tes  received  all  accoiiiit. 

The  distant  (General  losf  iid  tiin(\  but,  ^atheiiiii;' his  men 
around  him.  he  henan  his  march  I'ltr  the  capital.  At  Tlas- 
cala.  all  was  friendly.  I?e\  iewiiiy  his  trodps  there,  he  rdiiiid 
that  they  anidunted  tn  thirteen  hundred  sdldieis,  ninety-six 
df  wlldiil  were  lidisenieii.  eiy-lily  ci'dss-lidw  nieii,  and  alidllt 
•  'iuiity  musketeers.'  \Vit1i  this  hardy  force  lie  made  lapid 
strides  tdwards  Mexico,  and  reached  flie  cify  on  the  24tli  of 
.lime.  \7)'2i).  It  was  Sf.  .lolin  the  liaptist's  Day.  lie  passed 
over  the  Si'reat  causewi'y  by  which  he  lirsf  entered.  Hut  how 
chaniiced  was  tli<>  scene  I  Nd  cidwds  now  lined  the  roads,  no 
boats  swarmed  on  tic  lake.     Overall  brooded  n  dealhdike 


'  He  liiiil  oiilv  1  in  S|miii:ir  N  iniilrr  \\\»  roniinand. 

"  TlUM'  ll;;iiriv  arc  from  ncniiil  Din/.,    (llliir  iiicDUiits  var.v  sonic\vlii>t 


iii:i:s.\:;i)i)  coiiTf.s. 


ysj 


r»'lll[»niill:i.  the 
'X|H'rl»'(|  ii|i|i(ir- 
Mini  <•!'  I'lvt'iim,' 
idfil  sII!I1il:<is, 
i  wcif  )ii\  iilcd. 
Ills  well'  licld. 
(Is  knew  ilicir 
(•(iiispiiiicy. 
mI  iiciilirr  iluit 
iV  u  lilcli  ( 'nitrs 
'  lllilKis  of  llll> 
list    cstilliMll'    uf 

:il,-i(|(>  kiK-w  iiu 
llr  IIkmi.uIiI  of 
('!I<1  nl'  fliililoy- 
iIIh'  lllc  spililM 
■tlll'll   di'  nlic   (if 

IX'l'SOllS     ill    I  III' 

II  llli-  ('(ilirt  dl' 
llinll  Ills  rdicc' 

III  iiiiil  lilddily 
■  uitli  niuc  jiiid 
Siiiiiiiiirils  wciv 
'  cdiiiiiiiltcd  dl" 

rliciin^'  Ills  iiHii 
|)iriil.  Al  Tliis- 
flicrc,  lie  I'dUlKl 
it'is,  iiiiicly-six 
iii<'ii,  iiiid  iilidiil 
lie  iiKidi'  liipid 
•  on  tlid  '-Mill  of 
iiy.  lie  l>;issrd 
'led.  Hut  lidw 
'd  tlio  roiids,  no 
cd  n  d('iUli-Iik«^ 


NJIi'lKV.     It    \v;is  il  stillll.'ss  lliiit   s|M.k<'  luilddl'to  till'  lli'lill  llillll 
til"'  iH-cliiliiiiflniiM  df  iMllltJtildds  ! 

Wli.'ii  Cdrfrs  iiiiiv.-d  III   Ills  ..nil  <|iiiiiti'iH  In.  I'ninid   I  In. 

i£Mi-s  l);ilivd.  sd  snin  liiid  li'ili  llid  si.'M...  II,.  |,;|,|  ,,, 
dt'iiiMiid  Mil  riitiy.  AlvMiiidd  iippi'Mivd  iipini  tlir  hMlllp- 
llii'iifs,  :iiid  Mski'il  ir  Cdi'ii'.s  "iiiiii'  ill  lis  I'll','  iiH  lid  went 
•»iif.  Mild  II"  hd  Udiv  still  lli.'i'r  (diidiMl.  'I'Ih-  ('uiiiiiinnddr 
ivpli.-d,    "Vi-s.""    :iiid     iIkiI     hd    rMliid    with    \ir|diyiiMd    iii- 

••|V;|s,.d  n.llVS.  'I'll,.  ^;||r>  U.-r,.  d|l|.||ld.  Mild  i'liltdS  Mild 
Ills  VffdlJIIlH  nislldd  ill.  Oil  hdlll  sidrs  111).  ^IVftilJu;  ^yus 
llldSt     Mlft'f'fiolliltl'. 

Cdlfds  .'M-i'i-ly  iiiiiuiivd  MS  to  fill.  cMiisds  df  thd  iv\d||.  piK- 
fill-'  iiiMiiy  ijiii'stidiis  to  AlvMiMild.  Wlirii  tin.  Imiu'I'  IimiI 
cdiiriiidi'd  his  Miiswdi's.  thd  l.idw  i.l"  tin*  ( 'diiiiiiMiid.'r  dMik- 
diidd  MS  hd  sMid  Id  his  lidiiiPMiiiil  :  ••  V,,ii  hnvd  d..iii.  I-Mdly. 
\dii  hiivd  liddii  I'mIsi.  td  yi.iii' inisi.  ^  Hiir  n.ndiici  Jms  |„.rii 
tliMt  of  M  lUMdniMii:"'  And.  tiiiiiiim'  Ml.niptly  dn  his  hivl, 
Jid  li'l'l    him  ill  iiiidisuiiisi'd  displf.iMUd.' 

N'l'xr  d;iy  thdwlidid  ciiy  \\;,s  in  mi'iiis.  A  iiidssrimir  iii- 
I'diiii.'d  Cdi'ids  tliMt  thd  di;i\v  hi'idu'i's  urn"  ijusdd.  In  ;,  r,.\v 
lidiirs  thd  siiruiiiii-  iniiliiindi..  lidMiIdd  l.y  MdHtd/.iuiiM's 
ItrdthiT,   MdvMiiivd    dii    thd    Spniiish   ijiiMrfdls.   Miid    lldir..|y 

1h.,-,|11    thd  MSSMIllt.        It    \\;,s  il   SI fuel,,  to  MjipMll    thd   M..||t,.sf, 

lidMrr.  Thd  stdiids  I'dll  lik,.  hiiil.  Mild  thd  ;iir,,us  cnin,.  i„ 
shdwdis.  Cdifds  iiindd  fwd  up  thidd  ddspdmld  sMllids.  hut 
Jiiiiisi-irMiid  diuhty  of  his  iiidti  \vdii.  Wdiiiiddd. 

Ar  dny-ljivak  thd  I'dll,, win-'  iiidiiiin-'.  tin*  MllMck  ums 
rdM..\vd,|.  Thdiv  UMS  11,.  ,.,r;isi,.ii  l',.r  thd  yinnidis  ti.  tMkd 
Miiy  piiitii'iilMi-  Mini.  I'di-  thd  MdxidMiis  .mIvmikviI  in  sinh  ddus,. 
niMssi-s  tliMt  rhdy  cdiiM  „dr  I...  niisM-d.  Th-.  unps  mnih' 
in  Ihds,.  niMssds  wdi'd  instMiifly  lil|,.d  up.  \  dtdmiis  ii,  thd 
Sinnisji  Miniy  wh,.  hiid  sdrw.l  in  Itnly,  Fimikv.  mikI  MUMiiist 
the  Turks.  (h'l'lMivd  tlnit  tlii.y  Inid  iidVdr  sdi-n  nidii  ddSd  up 
flidir  r.iiiksMsdid  tlids,.  >rdxii.Miis  nftdi- darli  (dnihld  vdjldy 
<»l"  MitilldiT.  Thdy.  indddd.  dl'tdii  sfiio-divd  nnddr  thd  liiv. 
I»iif  thdy  wdiild  rnlly.  mikI  nish  du  td  thd  vdiv  inn/zld  df  thd 
••aiiiidii.     A-nin  nnd  ;i-Min  C.ifds  snllidd   I'ditli  Muniiisr  thd 


'  Proscott, 


4; 


'iSO 


ItKliSWS'liO  rnUTft!*. 


hu\{\  l)iirl)ill'!illis,  lilit  III*  (•tll\  !lil(l*il  to  llir  IKt  (>r  lih 
Witllllilril.' 

Oil  i!u'  iliinl  A\\\\  fit"  mifnjfiiimtc  MMnff/nnui.  rlfh'-r  \\t 
rill'  i<'(jii»'?*t  ul'  tilt'  S|i!ilii"«li  <ii'ii(iiil.  <•{•  <>i'  liis  own  iicnud. 
<-;iiiii' Hill  iipniui  lialllniifiit.  Mini  inldifN  <>)l  ilic  !iii<;'iy  mill 
titiidi'M.     lit'  WMH  ilii'sscij   ill   his  iiii|H'ii;il    lulifs.   wiis  siir- 
rniiinlt'tl  l>y  Cii^tilijiii  sdldirrs,  mid  wiisiii  rn>l  ifcrivrd  uiili 

linlHtl'    Mild     li'spt'Ct    liy     his     )nti|i|t'.       Ill'    S|iuInI'    fn    thi'lll    ill 

|ci\  iiiu' wi'ids.  Md\i«<i'd  thciii  III  ci'MNi"  lln'M(fMcU.  mid  M»sui('d 

tlli'lll    lh:il    lllc  S|i;llliMI(is   \Mtllld    di'I'MII    rit'lll    Mi'Xil'li. 

At  llif  r(iiii'|ii>iiiii  III'  llii'   iiMili'V.  M   iiiiinimi'  iMii   lliioiiL'li 

till'    rliiwd.    Mild    M    shiiWi'l'    nf    shilll'S    Mini   MII'oWs     lli'W.        l-'nf 

till'  nionii'iilllii' S|tMMisli  Mtidii'i's  had  crMM'd  li>  piuti'i'l  lin' 
MuiiM.i'Ii  uilh  llii'ir  sliii-iih;  Mini  In- um-.  m'M'IvIv  wdiiiidi'd 
ill  thi' In-nd  Minliii  I  W(i  ni  hrr  phici's.      Ili' wms    litnin'   mumv 

]|i.  Ii;id  !■ ivrd  his  di'Mth  siroki'.      Whi'tln'i'  il    rMiiif    I'lniii 

thf  WDiiiids  ilii'iiisi'ht's,  III'  rimii  lln"  iiidiuiiity  ol'  Immiih'  ihiis 
tri'Mti'd  l>y  his  pi'npli',  ii'iicdns  m  doiilMriil  imint.  Ci  rlrs. 
Ids  <']!Mpl:iiii  Mild  uHic.'is  did  mII  lln'y  ••niild  lu  Ih'mI  his 
wi.iiiids  Mild    siii.thi'  his    Mimuisli    n|'  mind,  I'lil    in   m    liltii' 

uhili'.    Mnllti'/limM   WMS  1|u  mnir/ 

IMliiiiilii-s  wi'iv  (iMily  thirU.'iiiiiy.    Ni'W  dMii;ivrs  nn'imn-d 
tlic  juiirnsdii.     Oppnsiti'  tin'  SpMiiish  ipiMitrrs.  mI  <.iily  m  I'.'u 

rods'  ilistMinv.   stund  M    .UIvMt    pyiMlllidMl   Irmpir,       Il     rosi.    lu 

llic  lii'iuhl  of  iK'Mily  oiii-  hiiinlivd  Mini  lil'ty  I'lvi.  Mini  its  i-lr- 
VMti'd  posilioii  n-niplrti'Iy  I'oiiimMinIrd  tin'  ]»m1mc»'  oiriipii d 
by  till' ChiistiMiis.  A  liody  ol'  jivi- hiiiidivd  I'lioscn  McxiiMii 
nobles  Mild  wMiTioislliii'w  ihcmsi'lvi's  into  this   li.l'ly   sliiic- 


■  on  h\-  »:iv  l.iirU  t.i  liN  ,|N,ir!.i-.  rnrlr-  iMli.'l.l  hi-  rri.n.l  m.mI  -,crrl:,r.v.  IIM.Tn,  In  „  -liv.l 

mlininin  r.  nMl,..r-r,|  mnl  l...ih  ^■w^^1.■^  «lll.  i ly  ol'  M.sinin-.  ML'Mln-i  «l."in  li-  »,.«  ,l.-|.rr. 

mrlv  .1,  rwnliiii.'  Min-rli-  »illi  lil-  -.1.   •'"H'-.  '"'i-  "I  ^"  H"'  'li^'"'  ■'"'""•''  '''''  ""'■•'■'•>'  •  "''• 

.iM-liin.'  Into  nihl-l  nf  Ihr  .•nriny,  -nill.T,.,!  Ili.ni  IIU  •  rImlV  li.v  II..'  f.irv  ..f  1.1-  .M.-'t;  M..M. 

i.M„v,..li...'  1,1.  ri'l,.|„lV  liHi-,..  )„■  .■!..■ I  liim  I"  r.'ni..i.i.t.  ..n.l  lli.'  I"..  ii.Milicr-.  s'llkiii;;  Ih.'ir 

Kpn,-  li.K.  il„.ir  -I,..m|-.  I..iv.t  thn.T.'l.  Il.-'ir  opiM.n.Ll-^  ,in.l  .l..li..'.l  ti..'  n.M..  I...il>  ..I  ll..'  army. 
Slid.  i|l-pl:.v.  Mf  L'i'l..'PM|.  L'MllM..trv  vuMv  ii'.l  ......i.niirM.n  in  II.'  -.■  .■..•.•.■.l'.'..i.'..I-."  I.kIi  '".H'"'  I">H> 

morr  rriit-  Mf  pri'-unal  a.lv.nhMv  llm..  ImIII,-«IiI.  Mnl,.'j..ni-t-  Inllr.-  -Ulll.vl  In  111.' -.  I f 

wnr.-  /'/•«■■(/". 

•J  II  ,1 ,r-  tl.Ml  M..iil.'/ii.i.;.  <1M  ii"!  l"'.''"".'  -^  ni.'i-lia...    on  lil-  .I.'atl.-l..'.l.  l...«.'vrr.  l.r  ,'..m- 

n,rn,l,.,|  III. favm'ilr  Mai.L'l.l.'f  f  H.  '  l.r..l".'ii.m  ..f  r.,.'U'-.    Afl.  r  ll.-iv  rnll..!--  .I.ail.  lli.'y  «.■.-.■ 

Ii,iptl/,.(1  anil  afl.'l'  111.'  Co.i'i.n-I  w.'.t  marri.'il  I"  Spaiiiai'.l-  "f  liniiural.l.'  family,  ami  ri'...i.  iIm'Iii 
l.avr  ,|..-,,  ...I.'.l  -V,  ril  i.al,!,.  liiaiM-  In  Spain.  (•...'I-'-  l'-  '.  I'V  «..y  ..f  .l.m I'V.  I..  Il.i'  rlil.'-l, 
iJiM-.a  I-alu'l,  111.'  .ily  i>l'  Talai.a.  anil  -.'V.ral  "th.T  phiri'-.  "<''. 


ni:it\.\\im  foiiiiis 


387 


lif    list    i>(    liw 

/(iniii,  t'!fti<'r  !if 
\\^  (i\\  II  iinuid, 
till*  tiii;:'iy  mill- 
iuIm's.  whs  siir- 
s|  icccivfil  uiili 
il\)>  til  tlii'iii  ill 
•k.  iiihI  iissiiird 
Mi'\i(ti. 

ir  r:iii  lliioiidi 
iiws   llcw.     I''iir 

Id  ]i|(itt'rt  lln' 
I'l'fly  \\(>iiiii|i'il 
s   litiiiM'  :i\\iiy. 

il  ciiiiH'  rii>m 
y  of  Itriim'  'liii^ 
]  mi  tit.  Ctltrs. 
Id  to  lit'ii)  liis 
till!    ill   II    liit!i> 

IlljUt'lS  lIH'lliH'i'd 
>.  Ml  I  (Illy  il  ft'W 
p|r.  Il  lose  to 
'.'1.  illlil     il-^  I'li'- 

)!ilii('»'  ()('('iiiii(  (I 
I'lioM'ii  Mcxinm 
liis   Idl'iv  striic- 


Ti'lMvy.  iKiiTii,  III  11  -inct 
i-l  «  Imni  lir  »ii«  ili-|iiT- 
-hiMiiril  III*  »iir-rn.  i.ii'l, 
'  fiir.v  iif  lii-  iiM-i't;  iJK'ii, 
I  ciiMilliT-.  s'llkliiL'  llii'lr 
'  iiiiiIm  Iii>iI\  <it'  iIm'  MMiiy. 
iiinil-.wliiili  "■iillc(l  fnrlli 
-klll.il  III  llii'  -ill  iiii'iif 

til  lir.l.  liHWi'Vcr.  Ill'  I'lmi- 
•  ImIIhi"-'  iIi-iIIi  IIii'.v  wrli' 
\r  fumilv.  iiiul  fniiii  iIm'Iii 
V  iif  (liivM'.v.  Ill  llir  vl(li"I, 


tiifc.  iiidI  ^^illnl  I  Ik-  S|.iiiiiiir(|s  whh  tt'iii|Mvsts  of  Jiiiiiws.    Tu 

llhloiju't'  fills  MfW  I'lU'tny  Ulis    ahsnliilcjy  ti ssiil'V. 

'rilf  (t.'lltrill  Mllf  lilH-  ill'    Ills  Itr^t  «.f!ll'.-|M    in  U\k'v  tills  |i()s{. 

linn,  liiir  tli)>  S|i;iiiiH|i  s.il.lii'is  wt'iv  tv\ic,'  ri'|»iiKf.|.     (■uitr>, 
tliMinli  ui.iiinifil.  (l.'li'iiiiiii.Ml   to  Iciul   til.' iidiick   ill  |pfisou. 

Ill-  pliiri'd  soliip  of  Ills  tloops  lit  ||i(.  |,!is,.  of  |||.>  |f||||i|«<,  himI 
l>i'i;;iii    the  i|i|iii-i||t    lltnl    (|iiH;.icfo||s  UHCfllt.      Til-'   S|..i|iij||(|s, 

Jil'Liii  fi-iiihl iiiliiii.  '-liii.tl  tli<>  Mimiiiii.  (li>I<i(|fivil  (licif 

CIM'llli.'S  I'lolll  thill  uiildy  liriMlil.  ;,l|i|  ,|io\r  |||<'|||  i|o\\||  |||mi|| 
till-  loUi'l'  t<'nil«'»'S.       Tllt'll    llli-llt   Itf    .s.'cll    ijir    lltiliall    |ili.>>|s 

niiiiiiim' to  iiiid  IVo.  uiih  ilii'ir  JiMJi-  clolti-il  niil  I-IimmIv.  iiii<l 
wililly  siiv.iiiiiim'  ••vtT  ihi'ir  si,i,i,.  luiiiiilcs.  Il.ivniim'  in 
Mii'l  iiir,  tlicy  sfriiii'd  likr  sn  iniiiiy  di'inons  of  dMikiic^s 
iii'uiin--  on  tin-  work  of  shnmliifr.  Miit  t-vt-iy  t.iic  of  tlif 
Mfxifiiiis  wciv  imMlif  s\\(ii(|. 

This  liyhf  is  oiif  of  tlif  most  iiir(iiic«<(|ii(.  on  icidid.  Ij 
l.'istt'd  tinvc  hdiiis;  mill.  t(»  iisi.  tli<>  woidNoC  IViind  Dia/. : 
"Corti'.s  thnv  showed  hiniscir  to  Im-  n  \«'i\  \;ili:iii(  inaii.  ns 
h.'  always  was."  ||  is  said  he  had  a  narrow  t'sra| if  from  the 
divailfiil  fafi'  of  Itciim'  Hiinwn  from  tla-  tii|i  of  ihr  low.-r. 
Two  warriftis  of  stioim-.  mu  .Milar  fiam.'s  sci/cd  on  him.  aii<l 
w.'ivdiimniim-  him  viol. 'iiilv  lowar.ls  the  l.riiik.  Awaiv  (d' 
ih.'ir  iiili'ali..ii,  hi>  siriii;-j,'l.'d  with  all  his  fore.-.  ai<.<l  hrfuro 
lli.'y  could  acriaiplish  ihi-ii-  |tiii|iosi'.  siiccct-di'd  in  i.-arim;,- 
liim-«'ll  from  th.'ir  ,uras|>.  iiii.l  hnrliiin' on."  of  th.iii  ..vtr  (117' 
walls  wiih  his  ow  n  aniil  ' 

Th.'  vict.iry  in  the  t.'m|)Ic  was  a  nioiiiciilaiy  ^l.-am  i>[' 
siicct'ss  f..r  th.'  Spniish  ar  as.  It  all'oi.l.'d  Coiirs  an  oppor- 
tiiiiily  to  ivsiimc  pc.Hv  II. 'n-oiia lions.  Hut  th.'  sava,iic  d.'lcr- 
iiiiiiali.iii  of  the  .Mexicans  was  <'omp|c|.'.  In  v.ain  did  the 
Spanish  (o-n.'ral  press  tli.Mii  to  consider  tli.-  havoc  h.' was 
daily  iiiakiiiy'  anioiiu-  th.'  ci;i/eiis.  Th.-y  wei.-  awaiv  of  it, 
was  the  r.'ply.  hilt  ih..y  uoiil.l  all  perish,  if  (hat  w.-r.-  ii.-e.!- 
i'lii,  t.t^-aiii  thi'ir  point  of  utterly  deNiioyiiin- th.-  Spaiii.irds. 
The  eiiraii'e.l  mnltitn.h's  had.-  ("ortt'-s  to  l.)ok  at  th.'  streets, 
.s.iiiares.  and  terraces ;  an.l  tli.'ii.  in  a  i>iisiness  like  wav.  tliev 
s(»l(Miinly  assured  him  that   if  •i.'i.nDo  M.«\icaiis  w.-iv  to  di.- 


r- 


Hi 


rrt'scott. 


I  ill 


38H 


Jlihii.\.\.\no  ininfis. 


I 


fui  ciicli  Spiililiil'd.  Htill  till'  S|»iiiil:iiiU  uoiiM  jM'iMi  |||>tf. 
Tln'M'  rillinllH  lt;it'liii|'i;ili<4  j.-filliylv  t'llllftl  jij^  lit  h'til  ii>lt  In  llii 
fiKl  til.. I  all  till' raiist'\\ii\  «*  wi'ji' ili'-.tinsi'il,  Hint  that  Iiiiim».| 
mill  thirst  ut'if  iilifinlv  «.iiiriiiK  tin-  S|i:mJ!inis  in  ihf  \t.iv 
I'i "Ill  tiiilli."'  wrIti'H  Ciuh's  liliii>*.||',  ••|||..y  IiikI  iimk  Ii 

li'lisotl  III   wliiil     lliry  Htljll,    fitl'    if    \V«>    liail    Mil   nllii-r   rlKliiN    In 

llulil  auaiiHt  l>iit  hiiiiu'i'i-.  it  uas  Mitlji  iriit  in  dr^troy  iin  all 
ill  a  sliDit   liiiir;" 

It  Kt'iH-ially  riMpiii'i'S  iiH  iiiiicli  ruiiinuf  In  ivtn  at  iis  |u  imI- 

vaiifi".  ami  ffW  jfath'lM  liav.-  ih..  i.adv  uixlum  i iivat   in 

liiiii'.     Km  ('oi'trs,  un  limlltm-  thai  it  was  iiii|iii«.<il<l*-  in  liuld 
lii«.  iiii>iii()ii,  |((>il  III)  tiiiii'   ur  ria'i>iy  in  pai  Ifuny  uilli  dan 
pT.     Tliat  v«'i'y  nly:lit  li."  n-solvcd  tuijuii  Mtxin.. 

At  inidiii;{lil  tin-  tiiMi|.s  wtir  midi>i- iiniis.  in  iradirH-Ns  fni- 
tilt'  Miarcji.  Mass  was  irlfliiahd  l>v  lIu-  vcnnalilf  l-'alln-i' 
( )iiiii'dii,  w  lid  itnoUfd  til)'  piiitrrlitiii  (if  tin-  A  liiii!:lit  v  on 
iIk-  liiilr  arniv.  Tin'  liiitt's  wt-iv  ilimwn  (i|M'n.  and  .liilv  tin' 
|x|.  I.V.'ii.  til.'  Spaniards  J'or  the  last  tiiia' sillied   I'oitli  i'lnm 

III.'  walls  ol"  till' mi<'i»'llt  rnlUcss,  t  lie  seen.' nf  si.  nillcliMir 
r.'iiii'^'  and  siicli  ini|..iiiiial)I.'  rdiiiaj.'.'.  'I'lif  I'.av.'  in'-iaii  l.t 
iii.tv.'  in  till'.'.' di\  i,si.»ns.  'I'li.'  Inavc  and  yoiilliriil  Sain|.i\al 
It'll  tilt' vail.  Ahiir.idii  liioimht  up  tin'  i.-ar  .miaid.  ('mli's 
liiins.'ir  n.inniaiidi'.l  in  liic  r»'iih'r.  wln-ii'  lie  pliM.'d  |||<> 
piisiiiH'is.  anniiiu:  wliuni  wcif  a  stm  and  two  ilan;;lilt'rs  i.l' 
Mmit.v.mn;!.  tnir.'tlit'r  wiili  M'vcial  Mcvirans  of  distiiictiiui, 
till'  aitill.'iy.  Ii;i'_'ii;aut'.  and  a  |ii.ilal.lt' l.iid^r  ol'  linilii'i',  in 
t.'iiili'd  to  III'  thrown  (ivcr  tin'  l.t'cnclit's  in  ilif  caiiscwav. 
'I'lii'V  inari'lii'd  in  prnriMind  sili'iic'  aluiijr  tin'  slantt'st  raiist'- 
\\',\\\'  and  had  ivarhi-d  tin'  liist  luracli  in  it  ln'l'.ui'  th.-ir 
it'lri'at  si'.'iiH'd  to  1)(.' di.scovt'n'd.'  in  a  inonH'iit  the  alaiin 
was'iriv.'ii. 

liiiiid  shouts  and  Mouin.ix  of  lioi-ns  wiTi'  licard  in  all 
diii'ctions.  "('oini'  (lUf  (piickly  in  your  caiiot's."  yclifd 
thi!  fiaiili(;  Mi'.\i<Mns.     "The  liulcs  are  goin^.     Cut  fliini 


'  It  wiin  iilii.iit  two  nillf*  III  lc  ncth. 

«Tln'  M  \1c;mi».  liovMMr,  liml  t.icn  wlili'  nwiiko  nil  lilulil.  ruiicrcrlvcl  tti.v  liii.l  Hiit.lic.l 
C'\.rv  iiiiivMni'iit  of  till'  S))iiiiliir.l^  iiml  wvk  (iiiitf  riadj  lo  ii  akc  ii  fnimlcliiljlr  miaik  «l;,ii  ilm 
ulanu  .tiiiiiiilt'J. 


t/f.irx.wno  nn{rf:<i 


tffi'> 


ll'l      JM'lisIl      IllMf. 

iilh>lilii)|i  (It  llui 
11*1  iliiit  liiiiiucr 
il**  ill  ilic  U'l  V 
iIk'V  hint  iiimli 

iillicr  ••||f|ll\    In 
il'xlloy  li«.  iill 

I'tniii  tiM  tu  nt|> 

III    l<>  K'llfllt    ill 

iiis>iM*-  tu  liii|(| 
\  iiiu'  with  ihm- 
'\in». 

ill  li'MflircNS  1*1  .!• 
IH'llllilf    KillluT 

t'  Aliiiiijlif y  oil 
I,  iiikI  .IiiI,\  tlif 
lii'il  I'oitli  I'loiii 
r  Ml  iiiiicli  siif. 

lurec  ln';:;iii  In 
tlil'lil  S:ilit|iiv.'i| 
.miill'il.  Cnilrs 
lie     |iliM't'i|     |||(> 

II  iiiiii;:lil*-rs  n|' 
nl'   flKtilHtiriil, 

■  (iT  tiiiihrr,  ill. 
flu'  ••llllst'Wiiy. 
slidilt'sf  r.MllM'- 
if  lifl'ore  llicji' 
H'lil    llir  .-iliiliu 

■  iH'Jinl  ill  nil 
imncs."  ycllfd 
11^.     Ciif  flinii 


Ivcd   llirv  liiiil  wiiti  hi'il 

IlitluljK'  lltluclv  Ullrll  lliii 


<»[T  lit  Mm-  ItrMir'"*:"  TIm'  hK.'  wns  smux  n>vi'tv.|  ulih 
rtilliM's.  Il  niiiiril.  iiinj  tlii>  iiiM'<irliiM<-o  III'  |||)>  iiiulii  Ihx^hh 
l»y  iwii  liuiNiH  «i|||,|,ii|M  ||,,||,  (|„,  |„,|||,„(M  into  Hm'  Miller, 
l''liuhls  of  inniwH  :iii(|  slnnvfiH  of  nIhiu'h  |iuiiiv(|  in  iipmi 
flif  S|iiiiiiiiii|H  ri'oiii  t-vfiy  i|iitiii«>f.  Till'  uiM  li;nliiiri.iiis 
jiitliiMl  rurwiini  III  i|i.>  I'liiiiLri'  uiili  ri'iiilfxs  iiii|.riii.»N!iy, 
ii-i  ir  ilit'V  liii]H'(|  ill  i||;ii  iiiuiiiftit  III  Mix..  I'lill  M'lmt'aiicf  I'll,- 
III"   |>:i««i, 

riir'tiiiiiiiii.i.\  ill.'  wi.  i.ii'ii  iiiidu.'.  '•>  III"' wt'iu'iii  "»riiii.Mi 

tlll'iy.  uiii  wt'lyt'd  mi  I'.i^t  iiihiHii'  Mtuin'H  iiml  Mimi,  ilmi  ii 
nas   iiii|iii>.sili|i>   fni'   l||i>  li'itiilM   lu  I'lirn.'  it.      This  !iri'ii|..||| 
•'iiiH.'.j  .lisiiiiiy.  aiii|  llif  S|iaiii  ii.h  ;ii|s;iiii'i'(|    uiih   Imsi,.  |i, 
uaiiU  till' m'i'iiipI  Itr.'ifli.      Kill  |||.  .\|.'\ii':i!i^  ||..||||||,.,|  III,. Ill 

ill  nil  t\.'iy  sidf.   :i||i|   lli.ttl-ll   IIh'V  ijfri'lDl.'ij  lli.'liiM'lvt'S  Willi 

all  till'  lnavi'i'y  i»l  xlNill*'.!  aa  I  .1  ''iifTalfsiil.lii.i'.,  \|.|.  ciiumI,  ,1 

l«>UHt||,.|'   ;|H    llii.y    Wt'li'    oil    il     ll'il'liiw     cailNCWny,    llii'ii'   ijisci. 

pliii''  ami  iiiilitify  scii'iK- •  \Vr.  •..  of  liti|i>  avail;  ii..r  i|ii|  |||.. 
•  lailiiKwH  tif  the  iii:;lif  pi'i'inir  ilifni  !••  fl.-i'ivi' tmy  L'lval  a<l- 
vaiiau:  ■  fioii  t!it'!i'  lir.-  ai  in-i.  nr  tin-  sii|i.'riiii'ity  of  tln-ir  uilit'i* 

\\(aiin||>,      'I'lic  |i<isitiii;i  \v;|s  tl'lllv  a  |»| 'allilliX  I 

Till'  wliolt'  city  Wiis  ihiu-  ill  arms  an  I  s uvr  w.'i..  tlio 

t'Nciii'il  tniilliiinl  's  j'lir  iIim  ilfsii  iiiiiiin  ..I"  the  S|.;iiil,iii|.;.  thiit 
tli..«.i'  wliu  wi'iv  iKii  II, Ml'  ,.||(,ii-||  1,1  nliiiuy  ilinii  jn  |„.|mi||. 
iiiipaiii-nr  ol'  (It'ljiy    invvs.'il   r.nw.nils    with   mmIi  arlnr.  ;is 

<liovt(  on    llii'ir  iniiyiiii'ii    in   tin-  rnnii   with   iiir>isiil,|,. 

viuli'iin'.     Fr.'sli  ujilliuis  iiist:iiitly  lill.'il  llic  plin f  siirli  as 

IVII.  Till' Casiili.iii^  u.'i"  u. 'Illy  uilh  sl;iiiuh|,.|..  jmil.  iiii;ili|i> 
iiny  loimcr  in  sustain  llii'  wciulil  of  tin-  imivnt  that  poiiivd 
in  Mpun  tlii'in.  hcynn  in -iivc  wny.  In  a  niniii..|it  .ill  unsmn- 
riisinii.  Ilms.'  :iiii|  I'nnt,  nUicci's  iiiid  snidifis.  jrifiids  and 
nii'inics  w.'iv  iniiiul.'d  inHcihrr.  And  wliih-all  Iniiuiif.  :in<l 
many  I'dl,  scarcrly  any  cniild  dislini^iiish  Irnm  what  hand 
flic  l>hiw  came. 

Ill  a  vi'iy  sjinit  tim.'.  tli.'  water  was  I'lill  ni"  de;id  Imrses, 
Indians,  Spmnards,  liau'u'aue.  inisniiers,  nnd  iirtill..|y.  On 
vvt'Vy  side  rlie  most  pifenas  erii'S  \\i>v*'  lie.iid  -••  Help  me!  I 
drown!"  "  IJescii.' me:  ihey  mv  killiim-  iiie  I"  |'i;iyers  fo 
tliu  .M(wt  Blessed  \'ir-i:i  and  Sr.   .lames  were  niiimled  with 


'Mhi 


iinH.\A.\uu  vuur^ 


rlu»  trtttHti't  of  tli»»  HyhiK.  »inl  Mii»  »thoiil«*  of  tltNiM-mtr  war- 
rioiM, 

U  Wiis  mI'  r..i||'».»',  ||<«t>|f*«i«  fol'  (lie  liuI'MfM;  litir  llh>  wiilihliil 
jtfi'iihiH  «»r  rii'ifi'"*  roiiiDl  u  ^IihIImw  iiI.ki'  wIu-h-  Mi*-  Will.  I  (till 

iinr  I'l'iii-ii  riiitin  I  tiiiiti  ii|i  lu  iiic  -'i.i<ii,.     II,  I,  I,,.  |„  HM'ii  lit 

Mil-  Id'ihI  1. 1'  liin  niMilr.N.  aii<l  •.iicn'i'(l,.i|  in  i.-iu'liiny;  (Jm-  iiuiiii' 
liiii<l.  Till*  four  si)|i||i>|i(ali<M'oiiti')viMi  liiiHiiif  \vit\  !•>  I'tplli.w. 
Tlif  U«>iifiiil  U'U  tlii>  Villi  triiiii'il  iiikI  lih  own  *livio|*>ii  Hiit«> 
oil  slmr.',  iiiitj  h'fiiiii..,|  j.i  uhf  uliiif  iiN-isiimc.'  lii-  ruiiltl 
to  till'  iinroiiiiiiiiti'  iiifti  w  ho  \\fii>  ••till  lichiiiij. 

hut   I'fW  of   lllf  Iflll' ;fl|t||i|  •'«4|'|||n'(|.      jl   JH  toltj  IIH  II  Wolllji  r 

of  AlviiiiKlo,  that,  coiiiitiu  to  till-  jaxt  bihlyc.  h**  iiiiiili>a  l''ii|» 
uliirh  li.\  iMiiiiN  hiiH  lifi-ii  (jt'fiiM'il  iiii|Mi>.sil>|i>  aii)|  rliMtitl 
tln'  vast  o|M'iiiim',  <>ii  ••oiuin'r  u\^  to  him.  ('oitt'-s  roiiml  tlint 
his  iJi'Mti'tiaiit  wiiN  an-otii|i:iiii)<i|  Ity  only  m  r,  n  S|p|iiii;ihN  tin  i 
r/>//// 'I'lif^calaiM,  all  rovi-ii-il  with  l»|oo»|  atnl  wruiniK.  I'ln-y 
told  tlit'ir  roiiuii:iii(|fi'  that  it  wa>*  iisflfts  to  p»  riiiiln  r.  All 
N\  ho  I'ciii.iiiD'd  niiM>  wi-D*  w  lih  lh)>ni! 

Oil  lu-aiiii;:-  thin,  the  <o'iici:il  liiiia'd  hatU.  Il  u;i>,  ikiI  _\t't 
diiy-l»r»'!ik.  Imh  th*'  Minall  :itid  iiH-lancholy  liaiid  ol"  SpaiihudH 
p'lxlii'd  on.  Coiit".  pitit<'ftiii;u'  tin- real'.  Moiiiiiiu:.soon  dawned, 
and  hf  it'vii'Wfd  thi-  shattf'it'd  icinains  of  his  lii'iuir  litilo 
army.  'I'lit'  ii'an'iiilaanrf  of  so  iii;iii\  liiiihl'iil  I'lifiids  ami 
K:ill;int  I'ollowcis  ulio  had  r,ill.'ii  in  that  ni^ilit  of  .sorrow ' 
ph-ri't'd  his  Honl  with  anuiiish.  It  is  >aid  that  h»'  snt  down 
on  a  st<»m',  and  w<-|.t  at  the  sml  siuht.  |t,,t  ,,s  tht  rnnniry 
wan  aroused  amiinsi  ilitin.  tht-  t'\|iaiis|i'd  \ficiaiis  did  imt 
r»'Mt  till  they  had  fortilicd  tlirmsflvrs  in  a  lrm|i|i'  on  :i  liill 
lit  sonio  dislanci"  Iroin  Mcxiro.'  A  chiirch  was  nririwaids 
Imili  hciv,  and  v-ry  ajipropriali'ly  diMlicatcd  to  \i,is/,<t, 
Sn'/it/if  t/r  /ii\  I!  iiiii/iiis     ()iir  Lndy  of  Ucl'iiui'. 

In  tliJM  disaMtroiis  lliirhl.  all  tin-  aitiih-ry  and  roiiy-.sj.ic 
lioi'scs  wcif  lost.  (  iuht  hiiiali'i'd  :ind  st-vcnly  Spaniards  jicr- 
islK'd.'and   four  tlioiisand  ipf  iln-  lndi:in  allies  were  killed, 

'  Tlil»  iiMiiinr.iMc' iilu'lil  liii"  iM  r  linn  iikliralid  iii  Ann  rNMii  liMnrv  n*  l.n  innh,  tiitit  — 

•'  ll  Hii«  till'  inurnlhLjnr  IIh'  I-I  nf  .Inlv,  l.VJii, 
>  TIiIh  In  ail' (.-lliiiulluii  uf  Ucriiul  i)li4/, 


^^= 


i»f  tlt'HiM'nitt*  war 
iiiii\  \um  ri)itiiii. 

iMIt  \W  Uiifrltllll 
I'll*  tilt'  \Mlti  I  lli*| 
fi'l*  lie  pi  M-«'t|  lit 
■il«'llill;Ll'  IJK'  IIIIIIii- 
IM'  \VI|\  !•>  I'tillttW. 
Wll  til Vi^ lull  hiiI'm 
i-liilH'i'  III-  riiiilil 
iinl. 

ImIiI  MH  II  Wullili  f 
■.    Ill'   IIIIdIi'  II    |)'|||l 

III)'    iiidI  I'If.ii'i'tl 

'ollt'-s  I'tMIIKl  |||i;t 
'  II  S|ij|||i;ilu'«  Hill 

I  vvniiinii.  'I  ln»y 
I  K«»  lull  lit  r.    All 

1 1    UilS   iKil    \  ct 

IIIkI  oI'  S|iii|||;i|'i|H 

ill'J'  siKiM  i|i|\\  |H'«|, 

Ilis    Inlcic    |i|||i> 

Irl'iil  I'lii'iids  ami 
lli;L;li(  nC  Muriuw  ' 
hilt  lit'  !s:it  ilnw  II 
I  ii'^  llii  npiinti'v 
\f(t'l!ii|s  ilid  lint 
(•■lii|>l)>  on  :i  jiill 
I  XMi-^  at'li'i  wards 
lied    t(t    \i  iis/i  ti 

I'll.Ui'. 

vy  and  loitv-^iv 
y  Spaiiliirds  ikt- 
ilit's  wciT  kiih'd. 


Imlmllntf  «»«.«  wm  tttid  Imi  itnujirliN-r^  "I'  Mnnt-  riiiiia.  \ 
hmn  wliirji  p.^J-iUy  h|||  ..y.-r  iv^ivJ  Wj»*  thrit  i.f  (lie  iHM.k*. 
MM'Mi..iiaN.  aii.l  wiltiim^     Thiw.  It  !«♦  f.iiI.|,  n.nfahi.'il  a  iiur- 

imin'ofall  tliaf  liml  li  i|tp<  ,„.,|  hU ruttr,  |,.rt  fiil.ii. 

TIm'  S|.:iMlai.|«<  ii.,s«   fnnU  iti..  juad  fur  TlaMiila.  tlu'  onh- 

|»lar.>  wh.TM  fli r)   I'uiild    li..|.M  roi' II  fil.'ii.lly  I ptlim.     I*t 

\si\^  alM.iii  ^Kry  nnti-  iiiIImm  ..tmr  ..f  \hv  v\\y  o'f  M.'sln.,  huy 
nrr.';'  day.  fl> -r  manli.'.!  ..ii  ihioimli  a  miviiu.'  and  IiumIIm 
••••iiitiiy.  a|vva\«.  )|-;|iiiiiy;  and  always  •'iiniiiilM'ivd  with  .'n.'- 
inl.'t.  XlliihMoiH  IhMJIi.H  of  M.-xIraiiM  niiitliiiii'd  to  imvi'i- 
iii'Miiid  llii'iii.  H.)|ii..th„..s  |iaiaHHln„r  tli.'in  at  a  distaiin.  with 
tlbliisi.r  si. .IMS  and  allows,  and  -om.iini.s  altarUiii;^  thfiii 
rl..s..|y  ill  IVoni.  ill  ivar,  In  llaiiK.  and  always  with  uivaf 
'•"I'lm'o^.  tis  tli«'y  kiu'w  that  ih.-  Casiiliaiis'w.'ie  uoi  iu- 
\int'ili|ii. 

N(.i'\\t»iv  ffiM  raff-rn.' and  daniri'fs  of  fhosM  Im-.'ssaiir  «'on 
llj'ts  till'  worst  v\  ils  to  w  hi.'h  th<>  troops  w.-iv  .'Npusi-d.  As 
|Im»  liaiTi'ii  foiiniiy  ihroii4h  whiili  ih-.y  pas^.d  airordi.d 
f'I'.iiri'ly  any  provisions,  tli.'y  w.'iv  ii'diin-.l  |.,  r,v.|  on  L.-r 
i'*"s,  loots,  and  stalks  uf  n|,.,'n  mai/i':  and  at  iln- \.'i\  tliiii> 
that  raniiiH'  was  thus  di'pii.s>iim-  ih.-ir  spirits  and  w"a>iiii« 
tlii'lr  .sfr.'iiuth.  thi'ir  siinaiion  riM|ii||rd  ili.'  most  viunuiis 
iiiid  iiiin'asiiiir  «'Xt'itlons  of  cninam'  mi'l  netivitv. 

Milt  amid  ihos..  niinil)i>rh>ss  di<tri'ss,.s.  on..'ciiciiiiistani'.' 
Milpport.'d  and  aniniaf.'d  tin- suivly  trird  Spaiiiai.ls.  ji  \\;,s 
thi'  ^'iiiiis  ul'  tjirir  daimil.'ss  ( •.'.iiiinand.-r.  II. ■  sustain... I 
this  sad  ii'vi'i-s,.  ul'  loifiin..  with  iin-hak.'H  n.- unaiiiihilv , 
Ills  pr,«s..|i('i'  of  mill. I  n.-v.'r  lois....k  him.     His  k.'.-ii  sauarity 

I'lavsaw- I'v.'iy  .-vi'iif.  an.l  his\iui|j,, piovidnl  for  it.     ll'.. 

was  r..ivm  'st   ill  .'v.ay  daiiuvr.  atal  .'ii.lmvd  fvi'iv  hardship 

^^'••'  h.'roi.'cl rfiiliK'ss.     Th.- dil!inilii..s  l.y  which  h.- was 

siirr.ait.d.'d  s.'.'m..,!  t.M-all  f.ath  ii.'w  uil'ts;  and  his  soldiers, 
llioiinh  .l.'spairiny  tli.'ms..Ivt's.  (■.•ntiiiiicl  to  follow  him  wltli 
iiicivasiny  naiti.li'iiri'  in  his  iiiatflil.'ss  aiiiliiics. 
^  On  til.' sixth  day  tlioy  arriv.'d  n.-ar  Otiimha.  a  vall.'y  nnt 
I'ar  fr..m  th.'  I).aiiidary  liin'  In'twi'i'ii  Mexico  anilTlascal,-. 
Iviriy  next  niorniiiir  th.-y  pushed  on.  Wynv^  i»artics  of  ih- 
(•Mciiiy  still  haiigini,^  oti  th.'  ivar,  and  o.'ciisi.nallv  sh..iitiiiu': 


2n3 


n/:i;\.\.\nf)  cnurf:^. 


"(in  (111.  I(»1)1)('|N.      (id  Id  ill;-  plan'  wliclf  yoii  sluill  <tiii<'kly 
lllci'l  !lic  vrimcMlin'  dllc  lt»  Voiir  ciilllt's  !"* 

Tilt'  S|i;mi:ii(ls  (l!(l  i!ot  <'iiiii|irflii'iii|  ilif  iiu'iitiiim'  ot'  t!li^! 
tlirciit  iiiiiil  lli:'y  iviiclicd  tlic  .sinniiiit  nl  ilic  iiiniiniajii  sirc]»s 
mIiIcIi  shut  ill  lln-  \allfy  of  «>;iiii:lia.  Il'inw  was  !i  si;:lir 
tliiii  iiii'^lil.  ill  tiiilli,  a:n;isc  f.-ar  in  ihc  l)!vist  of  tlic  liia\('*t  ' 
cavalier.  A  vnst  aniiy  ul'  .Mi-xicaiis  (•\ti'Mi|.'([  as  far  as  llit« 
eye  coiiM  rcarli,  'I'lii-  I'miti's  ul"  iIp-  t'iii|p;i('  jiail  l>.'i'ii  liiistily 
('nllcctcil  al  this  Sim;  lo  (|is|iiitc  ihc  passau'o  nf  \\\"  (''iiis- 
tiiiiis.  I'lvcry  rliicf  dI"  ikiji-  had  lai\rii  |h<'  li.  |(|  with  his 
Avlioji'  ai'i'iiy  ,u:it!i:'rt'il  iiiidtT  his  standard,  idmnlly  disidayiiiL!: 
ill!  Ill"  piiinpiiiid  nidi'  splendor  of  Ins  inilitaiy  *'t|iiipiii('iit. 

It  wiisa  spt'ctaclf  hi  till  tile  siniiicsldicai'f  iiiimiiu,-  the  Span- 
iards with  dismay,  liciLihtciii'd  l'\  t  he  pr)'\  i.)iis  ■xpeciatinii 
nf  soon  reach iii.u,'  the  I'lieiidly  lam!  which  was  to  leriiiinalc 
tlieif  weary  pilii'riniiiue.  Mveii  Coi'les.  as  he  contrasicd  the 
li'eiiieiiiloiis  avrii\  liel'ore  him  with  his  own  diminished 
.sipiadioiis,  wasted  by  disease,  and  eiireehlcd  liy  hniiu'er  and 
Tiitiii'iie.  could  not  escape  llie  coiivic:i(ii  that  his  last  hour 
liad  arrived.  I>iit  liis  was  not  ihe  heart  to  (piail  liefore  daii- 
juer,  and  he  fathered  sircii,iith  from  the  very  extrciiiily  ol! 
his  situation.' 

IT"  aildr«'ssed  jv  few  words  to  his  iioops.  jfi'  icmitiileVl 
them  of  tlie  victories  they  had  often  won  auaiiist  fearful 
odds;  and  remarked  that  niiml>ers  were  of  no  account  when 
Heaven  wiis  on  tln-ir  side.  All  tjien  earnestly  commended 
tlieni>«'lves  to  the  pidteclion  of  (iod.  ila-  Imiiiaciilale  \  ir- 
,i;in,  nnd  St.  James;  and  ('urte>  led  his  hravc  Iiattalituis 
sirai.ulit  ii.u'iiinst  the  liosts  of  Mexico.  Kvery  man  felt  that 
it  iiiKxf  iioip  b;^  death  or  victoi'v. 

The  chai'u'e  of  the  cavali'y  with  the  (leiieral  at  its  liead  was 
irresistible.  It  penetrated  and  dispersed  the  most  niinier- 
oiis  divisions  of  *^lie  enemy.  The  infantry  fou.u'ht  like  lions. 
])iit  while  the  Mexicans  gave  way  in  one  (piarter,  fr<'sli  com- 
batants advanced  from  another ;  ami  the  Sp.'iiiiijirds.  tliouiih 
successful  in  every  atttick,  were  ready  to  sink  under  those 
rejieatcd  effo.'ts,  without  seeing  any  end  to  tin  ir  t  »il,  or  any 


'    I'lV-QDtt. 


iiicns.wDo  coirrf.'s. 


m 


oil  sliiill  <piickly 
iiM'.MTihiu:  of  til  is 

'  lliniiiil;iiii  streps 
•inu  \\;is  ;i  siL:lit 
I'^t  *<\'  I  lie  liia\('»t 
•  '(1  ;is  I'lil'  iis  t  ll<' 
lliul  I). 'I'll  liiistily 
iif  of  till'  ('!iii-<- 
K'  lii'M  with  lii"^ 
hikIIv  (iisiihyiim- 
ilMi'v  ('qiii|iiiii'iit. 

MIIUillU,'  tllC  S|iilll- 

i.)ii-^  "Xln'ciMtiiiii 
kVilS  to  tfriiiiiKilc 
i(>  coiitfiisicd  tli<' 
own   <liiiiiiii>li('(l 

il  1)\    liniiui'l-   ;ill(l 

:it  iiis  l:isi  lidiii' 
ijiiiiil  licfoiv  (Imi- 
'vv  cxticiiiitv  ol! 

>.  lie  icniillilcil 
I  ii'uaiiist  rmiritl 
HO  accdiiiit  wlii'ii 

'sl  ly  ('(illlllirlKlcd 

Imiiiaciihilc  \'ir- 
liia\f  I'attalioiis 
ry  man  IVlt  that 

i]  at  its  liciid  was 
he  most  iiiimcr- 
iiii.u'ht  lil\t'  lions, 
alter,  flesh  eoiu- 
pMiianls.  t lioiiLih 
ink  iiiKh'i'  tlu'se 
th(  ir  t  >ii.  or  any 


llop''    '>r     victory        'I'he     (•(.nte;t      had      now     la^le.l     seveivd 

liotiis      "'uh  the  Slid  iiKise  in  tile  heavens,  and  shed  ;in  in- 

roleial.le  heat    oVef    the    plain        The    tide   (if   l>altle    was    set. 

fiii'^-  rapidly  auaiiisr  the  Christians  ;  and  all  that   remaiiiMl 
for  I  hem  seenitMl  to  III'  |(»  sell  |  jieir  lives  as  dearly  as  jk.s- 

.silile 

At  this  critical  moment,  Cortes,  wln^e  restless  e\..  had 
hi'eii  rovin-'  around  the  field  in  ipie^t  ..|'  any  ..l.je",i  ihat 
niiuht  oiler  him  the  means  ol'  ai!e>iinu'  the  cdiiiiim'  ruin, 
risim;  i„  i,!.,  stirrups,  descried  at  a  di-.|;ince.  in  the  nii(ht 
of  the  fhroiiii'.  the  chiel'  win.  I'l-.m  his  divss  and  military 
<'ortenv,  he  knew  must  he  the  cniiiiiiaiider  <.r  the  liarliariaii 
lorces.  The  ea.yle  .glance  of  llie  (;eiieial  no  souner  lell  (»ii 
(his  i>ers()na,uo  fliaii  ti  glow  ol"  trinmi.li  lit  up  his  coiiu- 
Iciiaiicc*, 

lie  turned  (piickly  to  tin'  cavaliers  jit  Ids  sid(>  anioiiy 
whom  were  Sandoval  an<l  Alvaradn  and  iminted  oiit  the 
chiel".  e.vclaiminu::  "There  is  (inr  mark  !  fdllcw  and  sii|.p,.ii 
me!"  Theiicryini;' his  war  cry,  and  stiikiiii;-  hi>  iron  heel 
into  his  weary  steed,  he  plnii-vd  headhm-'  into  the  thickest 
of  the  ]tress.  His  enemies  tell  buck,  taken  Ity  surprise  and 
<laiinted  by  the  feroi-ity  of  the  attack.  'i'lK.se  wli..  did  not 
were  pierced  ihifHiuh  with  liis  lance  <>r  borne  down  by  die 

\vein;ht  of  his  charuer.  The  cnvali.'rs  followed  ch.se  in  the 
rear.  On  they  sw.-pt  with  the  fury  (.f  a  tliiinderb(.lt.  <'leav- 
ini,Mhe  solid  ranks  asunder  strewinu-  their  paths  with  tlie 
dyiny:  and  the  dead,  and  bonmlini--  over  eveiy  obstacle  in 
their  way  In  a  few  minutes  they  were  in  tin"'  presence  of 
the  fiidian  commander,  and  Cortes,  (ivertnrnin,u'  his  sup. 
porteis.  sprani:  b)iward  with  (he  strenuth  of  a  lion,  and 
sirikinu;  liim  tlir.»iiiili  with  liis  lance,  hurled  him  to  the 
-round  The  imperial  standard  was  ca])tiire(l.  it  was  all 
the  work  of  a  moment. 

When  (he  .Mexican  h'luh'V  f.dl.  and  the  standard,  towards 

which  all  direct<>(l  their  eyes,  disappeared,  a  general  jjaiiic 

si'i/ed  the  Indians,  and,  as  il   the  boiul  which  held  them  t(.- 

.t-ether  liad  been  dissolved,  every  ensiun  was  lowered,  each 

'  rri'sudlt.  "" 


f 


t,".>l 


lli:il\.\M)n  <  <HiTr.\ 


i 


i 


' 


<iii^ky  Wiiri'loi"  (Iiivw  nw.-iy  his  \\,.:i|„,iis  mi,,!  nH  n,,,]  ^vi,), 
III"  iitiiK.st  i.ivci|,it,itiuii  In  III,,  nioimiiiiiis.  Til,.  Spaniin.ls. 
iin-il.!.-  In  i.iii->ii,.  II  ,.  ,,  f:,,.,  n.|,in„.,i  |,,  mWvri   ih,.  s|.,,ils  of 

111'-  lirM.  »|ii,.li  u,T..s,,  v;iIii:iI.|,.;is|,.Ih.  ,s,,| •(>IIII.,.||Sli;(.II 

l'"r  ihrii  |,,il  ;,,„!  r,„'  til,.  u,.;ilil,  wind,  i|„.v  li,i,|   I,, si   in  H.^, 

•■IIV  ..r  Mrxico.  N,.M  day,  In  thrir -iv;,!  'jny.  ||„.v  ..||h.|v,l 
lilt'  'ri;iscal:iii  Ifiiiiniics. 

'I'll.'  TIiis.mIiiii  ,.|,i,.rs  cat Mil  to  111.',. I  111,,  iiar.lv  v..|..|;iiis, 

Jill. I  ilist.'ii.l  ,.r  >li,.uiiin'  .•iiiy  <•,.!. Ill, -ss,  ih.'y  ImIm.iv.I  i.,  ,...11- 
M.!.'  ('..it.'s  ill  his  iiii.sr.,i'|iii„..  ..()li,  Maliiich.'.  .M.iliiich.',  ' 
lll<-ys:ii.l.  ••how  il  ,uii..v,.si|s  l..ll.':il(.ry..llil...ssrsiiii.|yui,r 
N..1T..W.S.  liav.'  u.'  not  lol.l  you  many  tiiii,.s.  ihat  v.ni  should 
lint  fnisi  ill  lh..s,.  M,.xi,.aM  i)..o|,|..f  MiK  now  ih..  ihii,:..  is 
d.Mi.'.  iiiid  nothin-  in.»iv  iviiuiins  at  pivs.nt  I, in  t,,  ivlivsi, 
y.Mi  iin.I  t..  <'inv  y..ii."  Th.'  n..M..  kin.ln.'ss  of  ili,.,s,.  n,„,d 
iilh.'s  r,.||  liU,.  ;i  bk'.s.sin-'  on  (i„.  w..iiiid.'.|.  wiiv  u..iii 
Sp;iiii;ii'ds. 

^  III  such  ciiriiiiisfiinc's  :iliii..st  aiiy  otli.T  coiiiiniin.l.T  l.iil 
<'orl.''s  w.)ul.l  li:iv.'  1.....M  lli..roii,uhly  cast  ,|,,wii.  I'.iit  ih,. 
elastic  spirit  ..f  this  ni...l.Tn  llminil'.al  was  nntoiich,.,!  and 
ho  l.c]i..M  III.'  star  ..!'  hop,,  shinin-  as  l.iiuhHv  as  vyw  on  his 
Hi.'ck.T.'d  pathway.  Whil.'  his  ..n..Mii..s,  aii."l  cvn  many  .,r 
]iis  ..wn  lollow.Ts,  (•,.iisi(|,.|-(.d  iIm'  disasters  which  laKl'lH'- 
i'all.ai  him  as  fatal  t..  fli.'  i)r.)iiT.'ss  of  his  arms,  aii.l  ima-iii.'d 

thiit  ii..tliin-  HOW  r.'iiiaiii.'.l  hut  sj lily  (,,  al.au.l.)!.  a  c.iin- 

tiy  whi.'h  h..  ha.l  iiiva.l.'d  with  iiiicpial  force,  his  hold  aii.l 
lolty  iiiiiul  ascininciit  for  p.'rs.'v.'raiic..  as  lor  ciitcrpris.. - 
wassiill  iM.nt  on  ac-omplishin--  his  ori.uiiial  piirpos,.of  suh. 
j.'ctin.i--  Ih.'  .^[.■^icaM  cmpiiv  to  th.'  Crown  of  Castil..,  and  ..f 
]»liiiilinn'  the  ("r,,ss  ..Il  the  pao'an  lowers  ..f  its  h.'aiitifui 
capital! 

In  th.'  fac.'..f  c..untl.'ss..l)stacl..s.  his  -..njus  fonned  in  a 
fownmnthsa  -r.-at  ollVnsiv.'  an.l  d.'l'.'nsiv,' alliance  a-ainsr 
fli.>  M.'xi.-ans.  II.'  wislm.l  t..  r.'iider  an  attack  on  that 
iiati.ju  n.)t  only  a  s]»Iendi.l  aii.l  cliivaln.iis  event,  l)ut  an  enter 
]>iis.'  entir.'ly  c..nsis!,.nt  with  th..  rul.'s  of  that  j.riidem'e  int.) 
which  th.'  vah.r  of  C.it.'s  was  welded  as  the  blade  of  the 

'  Tlii.s  was  tile  tiariii'  ilir  Im'.iaii-  ■.■aw  to  I'ortus. 


Mini   :ill    tl<d  with 

Till'    S|i;ilii;|j(|s, 

li'i't     till'    .s|iiii|s    lif 

Mill'  niiii|irii><:iti<m 
y  li.iil  l(isi  ill  flm 
jny,  llifv  fiiifivd 

<•  li.iiily  vrli'iniis, 
l;|l>ii|('(l     III   cnli- 

k'Ih'.  .M.iliiiclii',  ' 
!■  losNcs  iilid  Vuin 
tlllir  Vnii  slioiild 

i«>\v  till-  tliiiii:'  i-- 

t     ImiI     to     idirsli 
""^    ol"    these   ;^n()(l 

ii'li'd.    wiiy  worn 
•  ■oiimiiiiwlci'  liiii 

•InWII.        I'.llt     tllC 

mitdiirlicil,  jilid 
ly  ;is  v\,'v  (111  his 
"1  <'\<'li  lliiiliy  nf 
•  which  hiid  1),.- 
i'^.  ;iiid  iiiiMLiiiird 
:il>;ilidii|i  ;i  ('(11111. 
•I't'.  his  liiild  ;iiid 

I'lir  <'iitri'|iiis('  — 

IMIIIKISC  ol'    sld) 

<'.iNliIc,  iiiid  o!" 
of  its  l)»'iiuiil'ul 

ins  formed  in  ;i 
iilliimcc  iiu'iiinsr 
iitliick  on  fliiir 
nf,  hiif  an  enter 
If  jiriidence  into 
lie  blade  of  the 


jn:iL\.\.\no  conrrs. 


'JIC) 


swoiil  is  to  its  handle,  lie  created  and  eqiiipited  a  new 
:ii'njy,  an  I  with  wonderful  foresiiiht  he  i^ave  orders  foi' 
bri,i;antiiies  to  he  coiistriicied  in  separale  pieces  at  'I'lascala. 

ih\  the  day  after  ( 'hi istnias,'  the  (leneral  icviev.ed  his 
tioojis.  lie  found  that  they  consisted  of  forty  horsemen 
and  live  hundred  and  lifty  foot  soldiers.  He  had  alsoei^lii 
or  nine  cannon,  l»iit  \fv\  little  gunpowder,  lie  made  a 
foiichiii^  and  i>lo([nent  address,  remindini;  his  veterans  that 
they  were  iroinu,'  on  a  war  for  the  j.',I""y  "f  *'"'!  niid  the 
Catholic;  ]*'aitli.  and  their  native  land,  lie  heuiied  (hem  to 
obsei've  certain  rules  which  he  laid  down  foiihe  yood  <;;ov- 
ernr.ieiit  of  the  army,  one  of  which  was  that  no  mai"  should 
Itiasjiheme  the  Holy  Name  of  (i(»d.  Two  days  after  this, 
the  .uallant  l)and  of  Spaniards  set  out  on  the  naircli  f(»r  the 
j'ity  of  .Mexi<'o,  acciimpanie  I  ity  l!>.(>!ii)  Tiascalan-. 

On  coniinu'  near  the  capital,  Cortes  sent  a  messap'  (»f  ])eace 
to  the  aiithorilii's.  He  assured  them  that  he  did  not  desire 
Aval',  althoiiirh  he  had  muclicau.e  for  olfens(>.  He  wished 
to  he  their  frieii  1,  as  he  ha'.l  ()ei'n  in  other  days.  "  i^et  the 
])as(  he  past,"'  he  concluded,  "and  do  not  u'ive  me  occasion 
to  destroy  yoiii'  lands  and  cities,  which  1  should  much  re- 
j;ret."  This  peaceful  oH'ei',  ho,v<'ver,  led  to  no  result,  and 
lie  resolved  to  lu-sie^'e  the  city.  But  his  enemies  were  well 
prepared. 

Nor  was  Cortes  tlie  leader  to  beuin  siicli  a  danuerous  and 
dillicult  (Miterprise  unprepared.  Heat  once  <lispatclied  tin* 
bravo  Sandoval  to  TIascala  for  the  materials  of  the  briyan- 
tines.  The  men  ap]>ointed  to  carry  these  materials  were  S.doo. 
Another  body  of  :;>,(),)i>  was  to  furnish  a  relief  for  the  beai'- 
<>rs,  and  to  carry  provisions.  The  whole  was  guarded  by  an 
oscort  of  2().(»()0  armed  men.  The  march  was  thus  arraniied: 
In  front  came  eiijht  Spanish  horsemen  and  one  hundred 
Spanish  foot,  then  I(».0()()  Tlascahiiis  formed  an  advance 
j;uard,  with  win<,rs  thrown  out  to  the  ri,iiht  ami  the  left. 
The  center  was  taken  nj)  )»y  the  b(\'ir(>rs  of  th(>  riunini!;  and 
corda,i;-e,  and  the  carriers  of  the  timber  and  iron-work.  The 
whole  line  of  march  was  closed  byei<>ht  more  Spanish  liorse- 

'  Dt'cembiT  i(),  1j:.'0. 


1^ 


\ 


iii:ii.\A.\iK)  (•oirril'i. 


I  t 


i 


llli'll.  ;i  IllMldlvtl  S|(;iiiisli  I'lMil  .111(1  li'.dii!) 'n;,sr:il!ilis,  ihmUt 
till- rniiiiiiiiinl  (if  :i  iioltMl  uiuiK.i  Fiom  lln-  \:iii  -luiid  lo 
till' ivnr -iiiii-.l  w.is  six  niil.-s  in  I.mi-iIi.  'ri,is  v;i^i  liiMccs. 
sioii  itdv.Miici'd  Ifisiiiviy  l»iif  In  fxrcllcnt  <.i<Iim':  :iii(I.  in  -,\ 
iVw  (liiys  Corh'-s  liiid  the  |ilc;isiiiv  (if  sfcin-  ih,.  rn.iti  riids  ..f 
II  ll.ft  DM  thf  sill. ITS  of  the  lak,.  uhich  siiir,,iiii(li.(|  llicciiy 
<»l"  Mfxicii.-' 

I'rt'pni'iiljuiis  for  tin- sicp- uciv  im.u  |,iis|i..i|  on  viudimisK- 
Tilt'    ltri,u:intin<'s    unv    sunn    ••(ini|.|ricd.  niid    ilic  d:iv  I'nr 
liinncldri-' liicin  jirriv.'d.     ('(.rirs  ivxijvrd  ||i;it  so  inispiriniH 
nil  v\vn\  slionid  Ix-  rcIcliiMlfd  Willi  dn,.  v,,|(  niiiiiy.     On  i|it> 
'JSlh  ol'  April  llii'  Iroojis  wnc  driiwii  np  iindci'  niiiis.      Mn^s 
\\:is  (('Ichrati'd,  niid  ilir  (.'I'licnil.  loucllicr  uiili  r\ci\-  m;iii  in 
tile  ;;;iny,  went  to  conr.ssioii,  ;ind  (!r\onlly  rr(vi\"(il    ||olv 
('(•ninimiion.      I'lnyi-is  w.-ic   (illnvd  np  l.y  Fiitlicr  Olmfdi"., 
and  n  liciicdictifiii  invoked  on  ilie  Jitile  navy,  tin-  ijisi     wdp- 
tliy  of  the  name— ever  lannelied  on  AiiiiTiean  wains.'    The 
signal  wasoivm  Ity  theliritmof  a  raniion:  and  as    (lie  ves- 
sels, one  al'ter  another,  rode  fori  h   on   Ihe  ample   liosoin   of 
the  lake,  with  iniisie  soiindiii.L;-.  and  the  icyal  ensiun  of  ('as- 
till'  proiiijly  jloatiiin'   i'loin  their  niasls.  a   slioiit   o|  ailiidia- 
tioii  arose  rrom  the  countless  mnltitiide  of  spc(  taioi«.  w  hicji 
miimlcd  with  the   loar  of  artillery  and    iiiii>k<try  IVom  the 
vessels  and  the  sliore.      To  t lie  sitnple  iiati\es  it  was  a    novel 
si>eeraele.     It  even  toiiehi'd  ihesteril  ilearts  (»f  the  Coinpicr- 
orswith  a  .dow  of  rapture,  and  as  they  felt  that  Heaven  had 
Messed  their  undejtakini:'.  they  hioke  forth  by  ticiirial  ac- 
cord into  the  noMe  anthem  <d'  ihe  T<   1>(:in.' 
Cortes  foiined  his  troops  into  three  divisions,  for  the  at- 


I  Kdiir  (liiy-*.  ••  It  Hii-"  a  in  irvclo'H  thiiiir."  csrliiiin-  C.iilri  In  lii-j  lcttiT-«.  •'tlial  fi'W  liinr  «,  ,11, 
orcvi'M  licani  (if -this  tr.iii-|Miriatliiii  i<r  //lir/nn  \v*fvU  of  war  dii  iIii'  ■  li(.iili|n>  of  moi  (or  maiiy 
(Hi'iilj  liai.'ilc«  aiicis"  llic  iiiiriiitaiiis!  " 

•  It  \va-.  iiiili'c<l,  n  "tiipiiiiloiis  aclilcvi'iiii'tit  ami  not  fa-ilv  iiiatrlicd  iti  atiiifiii  i,t  iiiddrrti  "lurv, 

'"»'  wliiil Iv  a  L'i'iiiii-  lil<i'  that  (if  Curli's  cniilil  have  drvl-cil.  nra  tlariiiL'  '|iiril  iilic  lii-  liaM'  mi 

fiir.as,riill,v  i-xcc'iiti-(l.  l.iitlr  cliil  lie  fiinscc,  \vhci|i  he  iiriliicil  tlir  (li-,rm  tiiiii  (if  the  lli  el  Hliiili 
llr»t  lir(iiii;lil  liiiii  to  llic  (■(niiitry,  and  uilli  hi-  ii>iial  f(.|('ca>t  ((mitnandcd  the  inv-crMilidti  of  the 
irdiiHork  and  rli.':;ini.'.  little  did  lie  foresee  tlie  ini|i(irtaiit  use-  for  "lii(  li  tlicy  were  iire-crMii;  -o 
irnpiirlant.  tliat  on  Ihiir  iirescrvalion  may  lie  fiM  Id  have  de|iin(le(l  the  Hiiccessfiil  issue  of  Ids 
^'^(•at  eiilcrpri-e.  -/'/■(  m-iitt. 

'  Kiillior  Olnietlo  l)li-!>«c-d  the  vv8sel8,  and  gave  each  Its  nmw.—Ilij6<:rf!<nii. 

*  I'ri'scott. 


iiimxAMii)  f'urn'.s. 


9W 


'liiscilims.  iiiulci' 
In-  \:iii  uiiiird   lo 

'Ills    \;i^l     I'lMccs- 

oi'-l'T :  ;iml.  in  ;i 

t  Ik'  rii;it(  riiiK  u!" 

•••iiiidcd   ihc  ciiy 

il  nil  viu(i|(i|l>lv 
lid     the    d;i\     I'nl' 

lilt  so  :iiis|ii('iiiiis 

iiiiMly.     On   ill,. 

ilt'i'  iiniis.      .M;ivs 

illi  <'\ciy  m;iii  in 

V  rrcri\(d  Holy 
Filtllcl'   Olliiido, 

•.  iIk-  lirst-  uoi'- 
III  wiilt'is."  'I'hc 
ilid  ;is  iIh'  vrs- 
ni|il(>   luisdin   (iT 

I I  cnsiull  nf  (';is- 

I'liit  (>{  ndiniiM- 
!'<•(  (;i((iis,  w  liich 
-lifliy  I'ldlii  ihc 
s  il   u;is  ;i    iiii\  (-1 

»r  tile  ('on(|iiir- 
li!d  llciivni  li;id 
1   liy  .uciiiTiil  ;ic- 

1 

(Ills,  lor  the  iit- 

iT".  ■•dial  fl'W  IlIlM'  «icll, 

i.iilili'i>  (if  nun  (t)r  miiiiy 

Miiiifiii  (ir  iiKiilrrii  'lury, 
ML'  '|iiril  iikc  lii-  hiiM'  Ml 

III  Mini  of  till'  lllfl  Hhilll 
(1  IIh'  IHi-rrMUinll  nf  l||,. 

llit'.v  \V(  ri'  pn  -iTHil;  -ii 

Ir  HllCCC:J«fl||  U-UC  llf    Ills 


filfk  n;i  llircity  was  to  lir  nmd,.  JV,,,,,  |||,,.,.  difTrlrlil  (|ii!,r. 
f<'is.  ToAlv;ii:ido  uiis  .ulvcii  iIh' coiiinKiiid  of  ijiiiiy  jiors,.- 
I:ii'Il.  .iuliti'i'ii  liilisU(.t,.|.|.s.  :iiid  oil,.  Iiiiiidivd  iiiid  liliy  iti,.|| 
MilllNUold    ;i|,d   |,|lck|..r.       Tllis  division  u:is  Mccnliipillli.'d  l»v 

'J.i.iM)  rri;is,Ml:iii  Uiiii'iors. 

Olid's  division  consist, ..1  of  thiny  i|,iv,.  hoisrin. n.  ,.i^■|,. 
fccii  niii.sk,.t,.,.is,  :ind  on,.  Imiidivd"  mid  sixtv  sword, nirii. 
A'l.ody  of  •Jd.diKi  Iiidiiin  ullios  :i,',. i,:,iiicd  lliis  r,.ir,.. 

S;iii.!o\ii|  |i;i,|  iii!d,.|.  Ids  coniiiiaiid  tuvniy  n.iir  liois,.|ii('n, 
s(nciit..,.ii  niiisi<,.tr,.rs.  and  oiir  liiindivd  and   lifiv  swoi.ls- 

""•"•        <'^"''    -"•"""    lll<ii:m    alllrs    sil|.|,o||,.,|    i  Ids' di\  isi,.;,.' 

AI>oiii  ilir,.,.  liiiiidivd  iii.-n  \v,.|v  |i.||  lo  man  ilirl.i'iuantiii.'.s 
-most  <.r  tliPiii  i;-o,id  scain.'ii.     Karh  vrss,.]  had  t  \v,.nt  vlivo 

nu'ii.  with  six  niiisk,.t,.|.|s.    Cut,'.,  tool^  coi and  of  th,*.  ||,.,.t, 

Jniiiscir;  lor.  as  h.-  alirrwards  ri'inarkcd,  ••iln'  kfVof  tlu> 
who!,,  war  was  in  ihc;  ships/' 

I"  <"ir  l.ri.-r  sk.-lch  a  ininuto  dcsciii)ti..n  of  this  liist..ri(' 
si.'.ijc  IS  not  t..  lM.<.xp...-t.'d.  It  w.Mild  nil  a  small  v..|iini.., 
Inr  Its  many  m.-idrnts  l,y  Mood  and  lii.I,l  aiv  anion-  ili,.  most 
|''iTil.l.'  and  ronianth'  on  ivrord.  At  <.ii.'  time  th."  littl,.  ||,.,.t, 
IS  alt:ic\..d  l.y  :)()0,.ano..s:  hiit  thr  <lrf,.al  <,f  th.-  .M,.xicaiis 
••;.  thr  water  was  swift  mid  si-nal.  From  that  dav  C.rtrs 
ri'iuaiiit'd  master  of  the  lake. 

The  Mexicans  exhihited  desperate  valor.     Ka,.|,  m..riiin- 
t  I."  Spanianls  l„.-in  the  attack  anew.     IJi-r  week  after  week 

""';"'-"•■"""•" •     O'lk.Mdand  water,  hv  dav  ami  niuht, 

-n..  Innoi.s  ..onllict  sm.ce,.,h-d  another.     (Vrtes;  on  one  o.-- 
r:isi.,;..    stormed   the  city  with   his  whole   f,.,r,..  h,„    was  re- 
pulsed with  heavy  loss,  and  cam.,  near  lu.in-  captar,.,!    as 
i..;u:,s  severely  wounded.      Six  >rexica.,   captains  siKldeldv 
s.M/ed  hmi,  and  w,.re  hnrryin,,-  him  off.  when   two  of  hi; 
.n.vest  o  h.-ers  resc,.,.,l  ,he  (fen,.ral  at  the  cost  of  their  own 
n<'s      ll..'l.:.rhanans  were  Unshed  with  trinmph.  and   at 
t  li.s  t.m<.  many  n  poor  Spaniard  was  sacriliced  to  the  hideou.s 
god  oi  war. 


Til.,  tr  lin  ,.f  ,irllil,.ry  .-o,,,!,,,.,!  „f  ,|ir,.„  |,;,„„r|„;, ,.., 


iMiii.ii  ,iM>l  lirt.TM  llvM-pi,.,.,.-.     llnUrt^n 


■'''^^"^:^'!"^t.::i::T::^^ 


U 


1>1»8 


jii:n.\.\.\i>o  iiiinfis 


Tlic  SpMiiiiiiUs.  iil'h'r  luMvciy  in'iliiips  mmintrlicd  in  ili»> 
iiitiials  ul"  Will',  liiiully  siici'i'i'l'Mi  in  |it'ni'li;ilinLi  l<>  ilit'\!iNl 
Mpniii'  ill  lilt' fcnit'i' of  tin' ;un't'iil  v'Wy,  {Uul  iIuti'  injiil<' a  ^<'- 
j'lijv  loduinfni.  Till-  liulitinu'  w.'is  tnilv  iiwl'iil,  iind  ulnistly 
wi'ii' tilt' si;;liis  at'ti-r  I'iii'li  iiiiitlitl.  On  (lilt'  ticci^iiin  Ix'.tMiit 
Mi'xjt'iins  wfiv  Uillfd  ;  mill  iln'  <liiy  lit'lnic  tlif  l:is|  df  iIip 
sit'ui'.  it  is  siMit'd  iliiit  III)  rt'wcr  than  -Kijkm)  Mi'.\ii;in.s  wcro 
.slain.'  or  laUfii  iirisdiifis. 

'I'lii' liiial  i|;iv  1)1"  Mi'xiio  liail  cnnif.  Tin' siinalinii  of  lli«' 
bi'sii'Ufd  ii'ii'w  sit  ili'siit'i'ati'  thai  ilif  iifu  inonaicli  irifd  to  cs 
rai'K,  l)iil  was  faptnit'il  l»y  the  Si»aiiiar(ls.  ('(Utt'-s  ii'ii'ivcil 
liiin  with  nnicli  cDiiitfsy  Tin'  .Mfxicaii  riili-r  pmltaMv  Iuh'w 
thi'  prisiiii  III'  tilt'  ('oiitpii'ittr,  I'or  lit'  l»i()ki'  silt'iici'  liy  sayiiiii' 
'•  1  havr  doni'  all  that  I  could  to  dt'l't'iul  inyst'll'  and  my  jico 
j,l,..  1  ;ini  now  rt'duc  I  to  this  .stale.  Yon  will  di-nl  witli 
nil*.  .Maliiiilic,  as  yon  pli-asc."  "  l'\'ar  not,  "  ffplifd  tin- 
^ivat  ami  kind  hcai'ti'd  (fi-iu'ial.  "  Voii  shall  lie  tivatt'd 
with  all  honor.  You  liavf  (It'l'cndi'd  your  capital  like  a 
l)fa\'e  warriof.  A  Spaniaiil  knows  how  to  it'spi'«'t  val<»i'  cvfii 
in  an  mt'iny." 

The  Sovt'n'JLi'n  bciiiLC  captui't'd.  all  I'mtlicr  opposition 
ccasi'd.  The  whole  city  was  iakt'ii.  Sixty  llioiisand  Mexi- 
cans laid  tlown  their  aims.  This  menioiahle  day  in  the  an- 
iials  1)1'  Anii'iiiMM  history  was  An^iiist  the   l:itli.  I.VJI.     The 


olhir  imi-'.ial  In-truminl-  of  a  -Iniilir  dolDnni-  rliiinii'Icr.  Finm  llir  ciimi'  l' "'  '-'""'I  I'  mpl''  "il^t 
|nTfrc!l>  xl«ilil,v  :nil  wlii'li  lli"S|nlii:il-|-  IchiKcI  up  at  it  fc.r  an  liiliTpnlalinii  of  llu>c  jiit'laii- 
.■li.ily  \mv:  lla-v  -aw  lli.Or  cnaipani.)!.-  itrlvcii  l.v  Moh.  anil  l.nlTclin--  up  w  IIh'  plarr  of  Harii- 
llcf.'  Tlii'«tiit.'-»MnMi'lrlirl-iiaiH  wrr  •  .'u-ilv  t..  !»■  ilhliiiL'nWi'il  atiiiiM  ihcdn-ky  l'm.imh  lliat 
wirr.iiin.l.il  tlwm,   Wlio.i  itir  m.liappy  nww  alaml  P>  '"■  -a.iill.  v.l  liail  rcai  l»'<l  liii'  li.liy  Irvri  spac  -t 

on  «lil.'li  111 .l.nmiiiali.)««  hit.'  «.iM  Ii>  l>r  nmimill.'.l.  Il  «a-  Ml^roMTnl  l.v  llicir  fii.li.l-  ami 

lair  cMiMpaalon- Hut  plum-' of  r,.all.iT-.  WTc  pal  npnn  Ila-  lirad- of  inaiivcf  Ha  in.aial  ll.al  uwu, 

«lin-r  m.nrm,.nt-  in  Ih.'  di-lann.  a|ip.'ap>.l  llkf  lliat  (if  winnow.'!-,  niadf  llir  <apliM'-  .1, <■  1..- 

f„r,.||».  inr of //./i ',:<'-.■«.  '.'•;.     Wli.'n  tl..' il.inc' wa-nnirln I.  lii.^  vicliin- w.av  pla. cd  n|M.n 

till'  -aiTillii  il  -Ion.'.;  tlii'ir  lirarl-  wi'iv  t  ikin  out  and  olTi'i'i  d  to  tin'  idol-.:  and  llii'ir  l.odii  -  liiiili'il 
dimn  111.'  -li'P-  of  till'  l.-mpl.'.  .\t  Hn'  I'oHom  of  tin'  Mi'|.-  Mood  "  othi  r  Iml.  lui--."  "I.<>  ml  olT 
till'  arm-  and  1.'--  of  thi'  viitiniH,  inli'ndin'_'  to  cat  lli.'ii"  poitlon*  of  llii'ir  I'lu  inii'''.  Tli.'  -Ixin  of 
(hi'  far.'.  Willi  111.'  lii'ard.  wai  iiri'-.Tvi'd.  Tin'  f.'-l  of  Hi.'  I.ody  wan  tlirownto  tin'  iions  tii-'iT-.and 
Hrrprnl-',  'I.i't  IliiMiirioiiTi'adiT  I'onsidi'v,"  niv..  ItiTiial  l)ia/,  "  what  pil.v  w.' nln^l  liaw  iiad 
fiirllK'«i'Ourionii..i.iion-.  and  liowHi'-aid  to  on- ani.llii'r:  'Oli:  tliank-  I"'  to  (io.l.  lliat  Ihi'V 
4lid  11..I  lari'v  ni.'  olT  to  ..iiii  itln'  ni.'  t..-ilay.-  "  And  1 1  riaiiily.  no  army  ever  looki'd  npon  a  iiioii! 
diploralili'  ^ll.'lll.     //''/'"■ 

>  Till-  fi'arful  -laii-litiT  wrt«  chli'lVv  tin'  "ork  of  tin-  Indian  aHi."<.  Tlii'  SpnnianlH  coni.l  not 
(iri'Vi-nt  it.    Tlii'V  wiTf  only  iilionl  itiH)  in  niiinliir,  wliik'  iIil'  ullii's  wiTi-  ovi-r  l.'iO.OiW.— //iVyM. 

»  Oiialomo/.ln,  the  succoiior  of  Mimti'jiiitnn. 


llllliMlrlh'il    ill   tlin 

'illillU'     to    tlu>   VtlMt 

ilii-rc  niiidi'  ii  ft'- 
\  I'lil.  ;iii(l  ulin.stly 
II'  <i('(;i>i(iii  Ix'. (1(1(1 

■<"    tilt'    lilsf    dl'   ll|(> 

(M)  Mexicans  wero 

('   sillllllillll     (l|     lIlM 

Miiiicli   irird  to  vH' 

Corlrs  icn-ivt'il 

liT  |»r<iliiililv  k\U'\\' 

silt'iicc  lis  saviiin" 

ysi'ir  and  my  jk'd 

'oil  will  deal  wiili 

iKit.  ■    i('|ilit'(l   tilt! 

shall   l»t'    tifatt'd 

nil-  capital   liko  n 

rt'spcci  valor  even 

iitlitT  (i]i|»i>silii»n 
y  lliiiiisaiid  Mt'xi- 
lilc  ilay  ill  lilt'  aii- 
•   i:!ili.  I.VjI.     'I'll.' 


Ill'  riini|i  till'  '.'I'l:!!  I(  liipli*  wiH 
iliTpnluiiiin  of  llii'M'  lui'lmi- 
IIL'"  lip  I"  ''"'  pl'"''  "f  WK'H- 
iiiiiiil'l  ilii'ilii-kv  L'liMipi  lliat 
I  rcarlu'd  llii'  lnl'lv  IrM'i  i-piiiii 
-niMTi'il  liv  Ihcir  riii'iiiN  mill 
iniiiiy  iif  llii'ni,tiiiil  llnil  iiii'ii. 

Illlllll'    till'    I'MpliM"*    llllH  T  lll'- 

IIm'  virliiii"  Hiri'  pliii  I'll  iipiiii 
IiIhN:  mill  lliclr  rmlli'^  liiiili'il 
iiliiir  liiiK  liir-."  wl.o  ml  nlT 

lliiir  fiHiiiiiK.  'rill'  Mit  of 
tiniuii  li'  III''  '■\i<'-f,  lli-'ir^  .mid 

wlial  pit.v  "«'  iiiii'-t  liiivr  liiid 
llimik'  III'  III  llixl.  tliiit  llx'.v 
riiij  I'MT  liidlii'il  upon  u  imiii! 


J/h'Hy.lMfO  nmrr.s  odd 

Nit'-c  last,.,!  M-vrniy  |i\,.  .lays.       lis  Irjiirn!  ivsiilts  ciitiiiul  1,0 

'"•"'•f  niwii  than  in  rlif  >ini|>|.'  w.iidH  <.f  an   .'Vf  uirufss. 

••I'  is  ini-,"  wiiit's  Mrnial  Di;,/.   ••„ihl  I  su..„r  Ann,,,  ihat 

all  the  lakfand  tin'  hoiists  and  llif  l>aiacaiis  Wfiv  I'lill  ..f  ihf 

l".di.'sand  heads. ,r  .lead  ni.'ii.  s,,  that  I  .1,.  ii,,|    k„,,u    Ik.sv 

I  may  .it's.'nl.i.  it,     |<'..r  in  th.'sfi.'.'ts  ami  in  th.'  ven  coiiii.^ 

fht'if  ufiv  MO  oil,..,' thiiius.  and  u.'  ,'onld  not  ualk"  .'x.'.'pt 

ninoimsi  il„.  hodi.isaiid  lieails  of  .slain  Indians.      |  haM-  ivad 

<»f   till,   ili'stnirtioii   .,r    .l.'iiisal.'in;    hut  uhctlirr  th,.|'..  w-i!* 

Niich  a  iiioifaliiy  in  that  I  <l  .  no|  Uiiow."' 

'I'hns  I'.'Il  thi'^ifar  city  of  .Mexico. 

It  was.  in  inith.  a  time  r.,r  thanUsnivinu'.     a  i,r„n..s,Hi(,n 
«l   the  wh.de  army  was  roinie.l,  uiH,  Farlier  Olmedo  at  its 
licail.     The  soiled  and   talteie.l    haiiiieis  ..I'  Castile,    svhi.'Ii 
Imd  waved   over  many  u  liel.l    ..f   hatil..,    now  threw   iheir 
shadows  ..n  the  peacel'iil  array  of  tlie.s..|,li..|'v,  as  they  slowly 
mt.ve.|    aloii-    reheaisin,-   Ih.'    IJtaiiy,  and' disj.lavim"   fho 
ima^nv.,r  the  lle.Iy  Vi.'.'i,,,  aiid  the  hl.'s.s.i.l  .svml-ol  of  mans 
Kt'demi.tion     The  llevere.id  Father  iirononnVed  a  <li.s<.onr«e, 
III  which  he  brielly  reniimle.l  th..  troops  ..r  their  oreai  canst, 
ol  rhanUtnlm'ss  to  Heaven,  ami  emh'.l  l.v  cnlliii-  on  Iheni 
t(.   ••con.lncr,   themselves   like  Catholic  ("hristians.   that  so 
(»od  niiuhr  ctrntiniiefo  favor  them."     ('..rlt's  ami  his  elder 
olhcers  receive.1    the    niesse.l    Sacrameiif,  ami    the  services 
<'<"><'liided  with  a  solemn  thank.snivln^r  to  the  (,'.,d  of  |,attl,.s 
who   ka.l  emihled    fliem  to  .'any  the  banner  of   rlie  Cros.s 
triumphant  »»ver  this  barhario  empire.' 


,„rLS;;:::;:i;r;;::;;:r;;f:;»:-»;;;;:;:^,;;"';:--;i';n™;..^ 

'"''■■ii'rJ'».*«..---m.,.,,w,w.../.,.,.,*,Ajn«S     •"■'"'"' '"''•" 

'■I  rrc'.iuutt. 


".    Till'  Sp.'ininnlf  nmlil  not 
iVoro  ovir  l."iO,iX)0.— //iVyw. 


J' I 


CIIAPTKU  VII. 

AFTiin  f.Mtri.i!  or  riii:  cnNtiiKuint  or  mi:.\H(». 

Jti  iijijiiti nh  <l  fiiirniiDiot'  Mi.ririt     Tin    inH'  ii//>//i>f     '/'/'■■ 
rmiri  isiii/i    nf  lln    lii<liniis      Arniuil  of  I  iriln    Ennuis 
villi  Mlssh>ii<irl>  s      .\ffiiutifitf'  C'tiUs      /hs/'iiit/r  Jo'ii- 
hill    I'l    lluinhiiiix     Co}  II  mini     i'i,iliH  iim  ^    fii    Sjniiii 
//is   iii-i/>flnii      //lUinis      /{i  I II  III    In   .U(  I  nn  ~  Sni'  '/ijH 
rilUlis  mill  rii/i  i/iiisis      lUsmrni)  tif    ('iifi/niiiiil      Ta 
i<pilili  iilirr  n/ui-r      T/ir  villi  11/  ilmlli      III"  jiiim.s   1  ml— 
Villi  I'll' ti  I'  '//  Ci'i'lvx. 

We  ciin  mt'icly  Kliiiwf  iit  llic  siiltscciuctit  <;iic('i  of  tlio 
illiistiiiiiis  C'oiKjiii'itir  of  Mt'xiro.  Ill  S|t;iiii  lit'  had  )>ith'r 
rlM'iiiics.  Aiiiiiiii;'  iIh'si-  wciv  Hisliop  l-'niisi'd.  wlm  Imd 
tluiiuvd  Colmiiliiis  lo  ilic  vt'iy  loiid'.  Hut  iiispitt'ol'  <  vny 
«»l»l' -siliuii.  tin'  acts  of  ('( III rs  writ'  ('(iiiliiiiK'il  in  lli''ii'  lull 

-■■Ml  ;  and  Ills  (•(iiiiiiiis>si(iii  as  ('a|>laiii  (inu'ial  and  Cliii-f 
,^  '  M.'xicn  was  .si<iiit'd  by  I  la-  Kiiipt-rur  l.'liuilcs  \  ,  in 

i,i  ,,  u  I'diir  years  fiuiii  the  dcstnictioii  of  Mexico,  a 

new  ( .1  \  lia<l  risen  on  its  rniiis,  wliicli.  il"  inferior  to  tin-  aii- 
cieiii  capital  in  extent,  surpassed  it  in  inaiinilicence  and 
.streiiii-tli.  (Jivat  alterations,  of  course,  took  place  in  llie 
fashion  of  the  architecture.  On  the  site  ..f  the  famous 
Temple  of  the  ^'o  I  of  war  arose  the  stately  Cathedral  :  and, 
ns  if  to  c.iini.lete  the  triumphs  of  the  (U'oss.  the  foundations 
\v«'re  laid  with  the  broken  ima.ires  of  the  Mexican  idols.' 

The  coiiveisioii  (f  the  natives  was  an  object  of  which 
Cortes  never  lost  siuht.  In  one  of  his  reports  to  the  Kmperor, 
dated  i:i:.'4.'  he  says  tli  il.   "aH  many  times  as  I  have  writt -u 

I  I'ri-ioit. 

1  Mioii'  tlii-  llMir  his  « if.'.  Doilii  Caliiliim  .limrcz,  camr  t..  M.xlc".  (In  luMun  -lie  w.i-  .■^<  nrtcl 
1)V  SMIldn.^il  I..  Il.r  rap-.tiil.  wIht.'  -lir  wm^  lilluU.V  rrc.ivcd  liy  her  hu^l>Mllll.  Mini  .ill  llic  ri- !«■« 
iml.l  lu  IHT  «hlrl.  -hr  was  cnllllr.l  I.,  liv  h.r  .h^valr,!  r.ink.  Ili.l  thr  •■\haM<-  cf  Hi-  Uihlr  h.Mil  vm.h 
not  Kiiltotl  It.  Iiir  rc.iK.uif.i.ii,  iiiul  !.lii'  dii'il-llirii'  montli-  aft.r  h.r  arrival.-  /';w  •.,/^ 


I    Mi:xno. 

//"  iiiintiil     T fi  ■ 

hi'ilri    /•'ii'/nis 
Ih  s/>i  mil   Join  • 
liii  v    //(    Siniiii 
I  no     Ml  II'  il ijj} 

('iillfnilliil  To 
Ills  j)ioi/.s   I  11(1 — 

lit  nivcct  of  tlio 
n  lit'  liiul  billcr 
iisr(!i,  nil"  liiul 
in  spiff  ul'  <  \('iy 
M'(l  ill  tht'ir  lull 
i'IicimI  :iiiil  C'liit'l" 
\\M-  CluiiU'S  \'.  ill 

ion  of  M('xi<'o.  ii 
iil't'i'ior  to  till'  ill)- 
ii:inuiH<'<'ii('i'  iiiul 
ok    |il:i('t'  ill    ilif 

■     oi'     lllt>     i'illllOIIS 

(.'iitlif'(lr:il  ;  iiiicl, 
tli(>  i'oiiiKliitions 
'xiciiii  idols.' 
)lijfct  of  wliich 
s  to  tilt'  I'Jiiicror, 
as  I  liavt'  \vi'itt;'ii 


111  l^UlllillL'^Ill' W,l^  CMCirtlll 

lll^l>l>llll.  mill  nil  iIk'  ri"|i('cC 
Imiilc  iif  the  liililr  lliiul  wii« 
nival. -  I'lxniitl. 

300 


UKliXWlut  rntm:!^ 


m 


to  \oii;  Sacivd    .Maj.'>ly,  I   Iia\i'  lul.l   _\  our  (Ituliiif^s  ul"  |||.> 

n-adiiifss  w  h  it'll  tlit'if  JM  ill  .soiiifi*!  tin-  iialiM-s  in  rt'...i\ |. 

Il<'!y  ratlMilif  iNiifli.  ami  Imtuhh.  ilnisiiaiiH.  .'.ml  |  havo 
s.'iii  to  >ii|.|ilifatt'  your  liii|M*iial  .Majfsty  dial  yon  uoiiM 
hiiM'  ilit>  utMHini'ss  to  pitivitlf  lor  that  fiiti  ivlinioiis  |m'1>oii.s 
oi"  uooil  lit'f  aiitl  I'Naiiipli'." 

Ill   oln-ilifiiii'    to    ilii.sc    siJu'c.Ht lulls,    twclvf   Kraiii'jscan 
I'jiilifis  .•iiihaiUfd  I'm  .Mt'sici».  wUUU  tlioy  ivarlinl  faily  in 
I.V.'I.     'I'll.'  pifs.'iK'i'  t.r  tlii's..  iiii'ii  of  (itid  ill  tlii>  <..!iiitiy\vas 
Kivi'tfil  with  ufiifial  it'joit'inu'    Thf  iiilialtitatils.il  tlif  towjin 
tliioiii.-|i  whii-li  tiii'v  pas«4..d  faiiif  out  in  ti  hotly  in  uilci.iii.. 
liii'in    profi'ssions  wciv  I'.iiiiii'd  (iC  ih,.  iiativi'N.*li..ai'iim'  wav 
tiipfis  in  thfii-  hamls.  and  tli.-  hflK  n|  ih,.  .InnrliMs  laiiy  out 
n   Jt»>oiis  p.'al   ill  liuiiiir  uf  \\u>\y  un\\u\      On  .■ntt'iinu'  llio 
<'apiial    tlii-y  Wfif  iiifi  hy  a  Itiiliiaiit  iMvaifatlf  til"  tin-  prin- 
cipal tavalifis  aiitl  (■iti/.'iis,  with  Ciitrs  at   tli.-ir  li.'ad.     'I'lm 
(o'li.'ial.  tlisiiKMiiitiiiii'.  and  ln'inliiio'  uiii.  Uiifc  tti  tin-  mound. 
kissfil  tlii>  lolu.s  of  Fatli.T  .Maitlii  ..f  Nalfiicia.  tli.'  Siip..|inr 
oi   iliis  haml  of  aptistlt's      Tlif  nativfs  wviv  |i||,.d  uiili  as- 
ioiiis|iiii,.Mf  at   till'    N'if.'iDy's    piurnnnd    ivvciviicf    tt.waitls 
iiit'ii  \\||(»s..  naki'd  l.-ct  an<l  latti'ivtl  uaiincnis  uavi-  tlit'in  tln« 
jispc.'t    t.r    nit'iidicants,  ami    lit-ncrruitli    iviiartlfd    tlit-ni   as 
lit'in-s  t.j  a  siipcritn-  natiiif.     'I'li..  Indian  fliit.iiif|,.|'  ,,r  Tlas- 
cala  doivs   not  foiit'i-al  Ills  a  liiiiiMtioii  at  this  fdilyinn;  cond,.. 
sfi'iisidii  uf  ('t)rtt''s,  which  ht'    pioiii>iiiit(s   'ont'ol'   thf  most 
Jioroif  ai'fs  ol"  his  lil'f.'" 

Corf (''s  was  a  man  t»|'  marvfltnis  at-tivity.  He  ('ontpicivd 
Affxifo.  ivliiiilt  anti  ptvfriifil  it.  At  thf  .same  ,!mf,  hf  «•  ni- 
])l(!yfd  skilifiil  pfisons  tt»  sfairii  lur  mines  in  ililVfivnt  part.s 
of  thf  ctnintry,  ami  opcnfil  soim-  which  wcrf  lonnd  fo  l.<> 
lifhfi'than  any  which  thf  Spaniaitls  liad  lilfhfi'lo  discovfifd 


rri'ncoK. 


Till'  niK-loniirli-.  lo-t  no  time  In  Ihr  l-oimI  work  nf  .•onvrMmi.  Tlii'v  lii-uii  ihclr  prr/icliina 
tlin.iiL'li  iiil,i|iivt.T-,  iiiilil  til,  y  liiHl  Mr.|iilri  .1  a  r«iii|H'lrnl  kii.mliML-  of  il'ir  hm-iin-r  IhiMii-chc. 

Tliry  o|M.iir,|  Ml ■.  iinil  routidi  (I  colli".'!-.  |„  „|ii,.|i  111,,  imihi  youili  «,rr  in-inictnl  In  |,ror:iiio 

Ul.  well  a-  clirlMlan  ..anilni;     Tlir  arilor   if  iIk'  Inillai .qili.Mf  .  riiiil.ili  il  lli.il  of  lii^  i.  :,ili,r. 

Ill  II  r.'w  yrar-  ruTv  vc.tl);..  oi  tlir  |)riiiiiiivf  u„r,il/h  ua-  iffatTi'l  from  llic  html --■■//;./,„  u  "fl/it 
Coi('/'i,-yt,i/  M.Hri,  •    Vnt.  III.  »  .'      • 

Fallicr  Toiihi,,  >iaii..  that  twenty  years  nfler  llie  roiwine.l  tliirc  were  0,000,000  of  C'ulliollc  In. 
Oian."  in  lliu  vniiilre.  -IIM.  Jt  las  liaJian,  fjiwUU  liy  I'ltfcult. 


:ioj 


IIHItS.WItn  rntiTF.!*, 


Ill  rlip  N.'w  Wi.iM.     II<><l*>iiiflii><|  Ills  |)iiiiii|»iil  udlr.Ms  into 

IIm-    ll'llioh.    |iruvit -.   IIIkI    cIH iMlicil     |||i>|||   to  m-irlr    |||.T|» 

l>>  liofuwihu:  iip.iu  (Ik-mi  hir:;..  iih.Ih  .if  jiitui.  Nnr  u;i>  tliN 
nil.  II.' s.'iit  Mill  m.-iiiy  .•\|..'<liii.,iiN  ..r  sr(i|i>riii|||.  iiikI  cli.«». 
i'ovt'r,v       or  llit's..  wf  niii   iiutin-  liiif  Mill-. 

Kiiily  III  I.V.'I.  III.'  ri.ii<|ii.'i<.r  <ll-|>iilrli«'i|  Oliil  jni  ..(IIct 
ulni  liiiil  ;:ivi(tly  <listiiimii>.Ii.'i|  Iiiiii>,.|f  at  lli.-  si..^,.  ,,1'  .M..\ 
K'o  lu  iiutk.'  a  "..'til.'iiM'iii  ill  ilmi. Initio  'I'll.'  li.-iiti'tiani, 
lio\v»'v«'r,  piuv.'.l  iiiil':iiilil'iil  III  Ills  tiiisf.  iiii.l  piv.'  iiiid.'iii'. 
iililc  Miyiis  ..I'  s.-tiiM'^  lip  an  iii.h'iM'iiilaiil  p.vcnuii.'iit  U>v  lilm. 
N'ir.  At  siirli  cuiidiicf.  C.iih'.s,  was  .•xfr.'iiifly  iii.liuiiaiii. 
lit' r.'uanl.'.l  i(  ana  •laiiL.'.'r.nis  «.\aiiipl.'.  <'alliiiu'  I'msw  ill  iiml 
m'Vt'i.'  piiiiislmi.'iit,  and  rcsnlvi'd  to  lakf  Hi.'  iiialt.'i'  luiu  hi^ 
•  iwii  hands  'I'll.,  joiiin.'y  was  l.ititriiiid  iiu.si  p.'iMtiiiM.  Ar- 
rdidiiiLT  f«<  Kaih.-r  (J.nnaia.  In'  inar.li.'.l  iln,.,'  tli<iiisaii.l 
iiiil.'s,  iliiuKuIi  a  .•.»iinliyjil...iiiidiM;Lr  in  swamps,  ihirk  (.Hfsis. 
I'liiruvd  inniintains.  d....p  nv.-r.s.  jliiiily  inlial>iii'<l.  and  .iilij* 
vaf.'d  ..Illy  in  a  few  pla.'.'s.  Wluii  |,j|,is..|r  and  Ids  f,,ir,. 
Mifi'.'iv.l  I'loin  famine,  from  (Ii»'  li.. utility  of  tli.*  Indians, 
from  ill.' .I.'inliy  rlimali'.  ami  from  coiinrlt'ss  ami  iiidi.'ai.l  <if 
liardsliips.  is.  piTliai.s,  mutaiiill.'l.'d,  «'v«'n  in  Ih.j  fuily  his- 
tory  of  Aint'iirn.' 

Wli.'ii  ('orl.'"^  rcncli.'d  tli.' sctflcmi'iir,  he  was  Informed  of 
tlie  death  of  Olid,  ami  of  ilie  re  .'siaMishnient  of  his  own  ;iii. 
Ihority.  II.-  was.  Ili.-refore,  cordially  weleom.'d  l.y  his  eoim- 
flymen,  w  h..  wi'iv  ureatly  astonished,  says  Hernal  IHaz.  "iit 
fh.'  pr.'sence  ainonir  them  of  tli.>  (teiieial  so  renowned 
throiiuhoiit  these  connlri.s."  In  this  divadfal  s.-rvie.-.  he 
8iH.'nl  over  two  years;  and  thon.irh  it  was  not  distinguished 

'^'"""'-'" »liM,i.T..mpiiiii,i|  ihc..\|,.iii(iiin  K.  |luiii(iinH  Hif  ihr  Imrdv  ('iititiiln  IHm/,    llii 

ilwl  iii>:  »i.!i  loiMi,     •  Hut  Ciri.'-  •ciiiiiiimikIi'iI  Ii."  hr  hHii-.   •.•iimI  «.•  dim  il  hoi  -,n  i,<>   • 

The  Kijlur  lii-i.irl;iii.  uh.ii  .lornlilni:  llii'  .oM-lriiiilnii  of ,,  ,•,  iMln  l.rl.lu'v  lu•r.)^-  ,i  ih.  r  mliN 
thw  :i.  ■  .irnn  h.id  mmIiIm-  i..  .ai  for  ilir...  .lnv.  Imii  u;ra«,  iin.I  u  root  <ulM  ,,>,„■„.  „.ri',  «lil.  li 
hiim-'d  iliiir  lip"  Mihi  loiiL'iii '". 

In  till-  .Ml,  inii.N  III.'  M.vl.nii  rlihf-  liirii.M  raiiiilh  il-.  Tho.v  ..l/.'d  upon  Itii-  imllv,..  ^^u,■t^^ 
Ih,  y  ciiild  llii.l  llh'iii  mid  iMkliiL'  lli.li  lio.ll.  -  Im|«,.,ii  lunlrd  i.toni'«,  di'Voiirnl  Hi.  |,|  Tlif  .icii. 
tml  imiiiidiiit.  ly  pill  a  »top  to  III!.,  iilioiiiili.'ihl.'  pr:ii  tie,..  «|i,  n  lli.'  r,iil-  nunc  lo  lil-  kiH.Hl..lL'c 

Till'  rolloHiii-  -liowj.  ih<   .|.'«p.  rule  .■ii'.iini»Miin's  of  nil.     "Uli.  Si'dor  lir.iihir  lliriml  U\n/." 

Kild  Con,--.  •■  If  ynii  liiivr  lift  „iiy  of  Ihr  f I  m  ,  r.-l.  d  by  ih.'  r.mil.  for  111.-  lou'  of  i,„.  i-u,. ,',',. 

•■'""'■  "f  I'      '  »'"  ^'""'  » "'-•  t'''^''  l«l'l  '"'111''  r.-r  youri-..lf  mid  jour  friind  Siindovul  •'  Kin.'i.. 

\:i\.  «ho  Ha<  «li!i  CorlO^  .•xilaimi'd'  "J  ..H.'ur  1  Imvi'  not  own  o  iMii.iriil  of  m„l/.r  to  r.wi.i  r'„r 
my  Mippcrl  "—/Irlpn. 


llt:US  WlinvnUrflf* 


I  fplll  ufllrtM's  itilo 
•HI  to  ^v\\\t>  tlliTM 
III.        Nur   «;|N  tills 

ll)-iii)'iil-  iiiKJ  tli.^. 
I  niM     iiti  ..Itl.vt- 

In-  si. 'Ml.  nl'    y\v\ 

'\'\\v  lifiitt'ii.'itit. 
ml  K»v*'  iitiilftii- 
I'l'iiiiicitt  rill'  liitii 
■mt'ly  iiKliiifi.'Mit. 
liiitr  lor  swill  iind 
I'  iii.-ittcr  Into  his 

sl    IU'lilollM.       A«'. 

Iliit'f  tliiiiisiind 
Ips.  tliirk  loivsls. 
I'iti'd.  iiml  nilti. 
ir  and  Ids  rone 
<»l'  IIk'  liidiiiiis. 
<  Mtid  iiidicatd  of 
ill  lliu  t-arly   his- 

vviis  liifoinit'd  of 

lit  ol"  his  (iw  II  ;|ii. 

iit'd  l»y  his  fdiiii 
l?t'ni!d  IMaz.  "mi 

III  so  ri'iiow  lied 
idl'iil  st'r\  ir*',  hi' 
ot  distinguished 

!■  Imrely  Ciititiilii  Iilim.    ||i' 
iliincj  mil  Milt  iKi  ' 
lirlilu'v  Miroh-  II  ihi  r.  iiilij^ 
(Uilill  ijlliiiniii/ili,  Willi  li 

(I  iipiiii  llic  iiiiihc.  whirr 
ilcviiiiri'il  till  ii|  Till'  lien- 
ii  Clinic  III  hi.  kiMiHliiliii.. 
fliir  liiciiliiT  lliriiiil  liiiiz."' 
cir  Ihr  lii\i'  iif  iiir,  L'Ur  iiii' 
frliiid  Saiiildviil ,"  Kiiii'.ii 
iiiriil  iif  miilw  to  roiiKt  fur 


l>y  iiiiy  s|i|t'iidid  fVi'Hf.  llif  ('oni|Mi'ioi' t'xhiliiiid  dniiiiu:  flu* 
I'ollisc  III    ji    itiitti'  ixitli'liri',  nioi'i'   |H'|'s«*\rriiii«'t',  ;jri>iiti'l'  jwr 
Miflid  ruiiru','!'.  and  iiioiv  wnndi'irid   roititiiih'  of  niitid  than 
111  any  oihi'i'  |ii-tioi|  ii|'  ids  loinaniii' and  ri'inarUalih' laii'i'i'. 

In  oiir  day  it  is  ditllndt  to  roticiivi'  tlit>  rliaraitii'  of  u 
rnstiliaii  t'avallt'i'  of  tlip  ^ixtt'ciitli  (■••iiliiiy,  it  Inn'  toiMiU'r* 
pan  of  whiili  it  wiiidd  not  lia\«'  Im-i'Ii  rasy  to  llnd  in  any 
othi'i'  nation,  i-vi'ii  at  that  liiin'  m  anvwln'i".  indfcd.  suvm 
in  till'  tali's  III'  rlii\ali_\,  'I'lif  iih'Ii' lArjii'iiii'tit  ol'  ('\p|oiin'.x 
till' '^iiaii'j.'i*  and  ilii>  iinKnoun  was  a  sniHiii'iit  <'unipi'nsatloti 
to  thi>  Spinisli  adM'iitiii'i'i'  I'm-  all  his  toils  and  trials.  |(m 
\vas  :i  niaii  full  o|'  I'aitli.  and  I'l-ai  |i's>,  nl  (|;in'.^i'r.  It  sii..nis, 
in  tiiiih.  to  liaM'  l»i'i'n  oidi'i'-d  Ity  i'lovidi-ni'''  that  such  a 
lai'i'  of  nii'ii  should  rxist  conti'niporaiK'oiisly  wlih  tin*  dis- 
ruM'i'y  ol'  till'  Nfw  World,  that  thosr  ii'iiions  should  It" 
I'lMimht  to  liulil  uhirh  wi'iv  ln'^i't  uitli  dan-^i'is  imd  dillirnl- 
tit's  so  appalliii'^'  as  niiyht  havf  ti'iidi'd  to  ovcrawi'  and  to 
dist'oiiiai.'"*  till' ordinary  spirit  ol"  advi'iitiiit'.' 

W'liilf  till'  u't'idus  ol"  Corii's  was  nrhi»'sin'j:  ptodiuii's  in 
Aiiii'iii'a,  caliiiiitiy  al'ii'i-  i-aliiiiiny  '  'aclii'd  Sp;iin  ('oiicrrniiux 
his  :ums  and  ohji'cis.  Malicious  ntid  naiiiuv  iiiiiidi'd  ollicials 
in  Mi'vico  wrotf  to  tin'  hoinf  irovi'mnicaf.  iffircscniiiiLr  hiiii 
as  a  liold,  atiJ»itious  tyiMiif.  Kvi-n  tlh'  suspicions  of 
Charli's  \.  wi'ii'  lindly  aroiis,.,! ;  ;itid  the  Mm  pi 'for.  al'tcr 
soiiii'  lii'^iiation,  oiilcri'd  a  soji'mn  iiKpiiiy  to  In-  iiiadi-  into 
the  conduct  of  till'  ('oiiijui'ior. 

Till'  !oy;il.  ioj'ly  mind  ol'  Coitrs  was  deeply  Udillidcd  ;if 
this    unexpecfe.l    return    for  services  W  hid l    fat*  exceed. d    ;dl 

that  any  sul'jecl  of  S|);iin  had  ever  rendciv.I  to  his  sovereii.-'n, 
lie  resolved  not  to  exjiosi' jdiiisi'ir  to  t he  iniiiirnity  of  a  trial 
in  that  country  which  had  Iteen  the  scene  of  his  triiim|>lis;  and 
without  awaitirii;  the  arrival  of  the  Commission  of  .Iiidu-es, 
he  ivpiiivd  directly  to  Ciisiil...  ;ind  committed  himscir  add 
Jiis  cause  to  the  justice  and  generosity  of  tli..  Kmp.'ior.' 

'  I'ri-rnlt. 

'till  lil«  Mrilval  111  Villii  Itlc.i  III-  ri'Ciiv.'il  !'..>■  |.,iliif;i|  ilillnu'-'  <>f  iIh'  il.'ulli  »r  hi-  rmlh  r.  Dun 
M.irllii  Ciitl.'-.  "hoiM  hr  hiiil  hiiiiiil  -.-  miiii,  to  •  irhriii'r  uf,.  rhi-  liiML'Mnil  .mi  ifiil  .■ili-rnci'.  Il;iv. 
ma  n  li  linircl  h!-  oiiii|til,  I.  ulih  iviTj  iimrk  of  lUi.il  ri>iiiil,  hv  imiU  iir.'iiuriitioii..  fur  hi-  i-iH'i'Uy 
lU'liartiirc,    l'rt>cull. 


i  I 


PI 


M 


9fV| 


m:fi.\.\.\M  tvftrfis 


'I'll)'  (i)'iii>iitl  iip|X'iii'r«t  III  Ith  iiiiliVM  coiiiiliy  uilli  11  M|ili*n> 

(|(ir    ittllt     >HM'lllllt>    ill •Ill|lll  i'Ol'    Oi      II     lltiullly    l>lll|lll'l>.        Ho 

t>l    Mlulll     Uilll     llilll    II    llllUi*    |.ti'    of    llt^    Ufllltll,    hlllllS     ji'WfJH 

iillil  DllliitiD'liN  iif  <^\>'Hl  v:ill|i>,  «if\i-i:il  •utioiiH  liiiMliirtiiiftH 
u(  iIm*  N'-vv   W'MtJit,  iiiiil  VMI"*  U<'t'i)Ml|)iiliii>i|  Ity  siillii'  Mt'sii'iitiH 

itt  U\^\i  t'liiik.  liH  »«'||  iM  l)>  ttii>  Caltlil'iil  Siiiitlnviil  mill  iiilii'i' 
oillifi«4,     "III  lliH'."  urli«".  ilu'  liiHioiiiiit  lii'irtiiii,  "ln'r!iiiM» 

ill  till  IIh*  Hliih*  Itt  II  Uiv;il   jittil. 

'rii»'  li«'ii»'s  tiri'i\:il  ill  S|i.iiii  Hi  ojiri'  ri'iiiov»'«l  I'Vcry  mih. 
);lrloll  iiikI  ffiir  llitil  li  :i|  Im'cii  ••ii|t>|'r,i!iici|  wllli  (•>^|m>iI  to  IiU 
illt<'tltioti<«.  'I'llP  Klli|M>|'Mr  |'fi'i*i\ri|  liltii  iiM  nil)'  wliolii  fi;t|< 
M'i  iiinHi'««4  III'  Ills  o\\  II   iliimn'liri'  Ii;i(|   hnnmlil  iiil«i   ||i»«   |  icM. 

I'll r   lli"H  II lit ^It 'I',   :il|i|    W  l|i»  \MI«4  Clllill.ll    ll\    lli-.  l|i>lillUlli'-ln'tl 

iM'i'vlrrs  to  ili»'  liiiilit'Ht  iii;irl\*<«'l'  M's|.t'i'i  niid  d'Hilntiii  ti.  'I'Ih' 
ithliT  III'  sr,  .iiiuK,  ili)>  litlt'  1)1'  Miiit|iiiH  i|,  I  \  mIIc'  Iillil  ili»> 

Jltllilit  nl' Mil  illllpli'  Irirlfitrs  ill  Mt'Xint  wi  If  M|(  ri'ssiv  fix  I  (>. 
MtoWi'il    l|[Mill    llilll.       ('Ii:il'lf»,    illdrfil,    liinK    IVmiMi'IiI    ii|i|ii|'- 

tii'iiiy    ii»  >liii\v  tliM  (')iiilirli'ii('i'   wliirli    hf  tiiiu    if|i(isi'i|    in 

CmIIi'^.         Ill  !|I|    Jtllhlir   ll^l•il^i^•ll^    lit'  Il|i|ifiirfi|  wil  |i     Itjlii    liy 

lii-t  >.i.|i' ;  iillil  MiK'f,   wlii'ii  (lif  (if iH'iiil  hiy  ill  nf  ii  IfMr.   tin' 
i'!mi)"ri»r  |»;ii<l  liiiii  n  \  InIi  in  |ifi>nii.  aiul  I'liiiniiii'il  I'nr  Mnut' 
liiiif  ill  ilif  ii|>;ii'tiiii>iil  nl'  till'  iiivniiil.* 
Kiirly  ill  iIk' spiin'j;  i»r  \'*'M  CoiifM  fiiilt:iikr<'  I'm'  Mixiro. 

lie  \\;is  ;inMi|il|i;illifil  I'V  til"'  M:ilf|ii(i|if.s.'  Iiis  wiff.   l<ii.r|  liif 

I  IJ,.  r|,tr?..il  It'i.  Ilttl..  finrr  nf  TiIm.  In  '!,|V,  IT'*  tl;i'  •■■inii'  'I'nl  wUtv  (  i.llimlil  >  liii>l  I;iiii|m| 
Am'  mill  ililrti  Miif  111  fiiri'.  1)11  111-  nliifii  in  ihiIh'i'Nium  ry  nf  ilii'Ui»tir>.  Wnr'il.  In  in  I'iilci.  lin 

knoli  |,rilii,rl.ll|ri|)li'ri>llMill  l-f    1.1  ll.lliiill.  "Illllll  III'  lli.|lllllil>'  «.ll|.  nr  vlnlll  l.llilhlill.  i.ilil 

fiiiiiii)  .llilll  r,  All  liidri  •tlnir  r'n  iiiii-liiii'i'  i-  imrili'iMil  l'>  lii-lnrliii,".  mi  v<  u  ,\  \\\\U  ||i.  ..linrt 
uliiv  111  Piilu*,  Kriiiii  l>  Pi/iirt(i,  till'  riiMim  riir  "f  Pi  m.  Im'l  iirthul  iln  rr.  Ii  uli  l"  mnii'  tu  ^|p,ilii 
III  .nitilt  iilil  fur  hi«  uriit  1  iilir|irl-i'.  ll'  *mi»  tlmi  In  ilu'  ci'iiiinri'ii  im  1 1  (if  lil.  I  rlllliiiil  nirn'f, 
iia  rurii'"  nili'lii  111'  "iilil  111  I'l'  111  '111'  'I"-''  "f  ''''■    I'''  """  ""  "''•  ii'i|iiiiliiiiiiiii'.  'iiiil  II  l.lii-ii.iiii, 

H«  U  iilllfllli  il,  i>r  llii'  lirliiril.  vtii-i'  nmlllrr  w:i-i  II  piziirrn,  Tlii'  llinllliir  nf  IIht  Ihh  iMmi. 
onllii  ii'v  llilll.  till'  Ciiiinni'ri'r"  I'f  tlir  Nnrlli  iiiiil  nf  llii'  *iiiilli  in  iIh'  Vi»  Wiirjil,  ii»  lliiv  n  I  fnnl, 
iifiir  lli"lr  I'M  iilfiil  iili-i  nci'.  mi  lln'  "I  im  •  nf  '1  ilf  iiiiiIm'  IhihI.  iiml  llmt.  Km,  mi  llir  «|iiit  inii'i'. 
iruii'i!  Iiv  I'll'  iiri'«i'iii''  nf  ri'lnnil'ii".  Ii  i-  -i  iiii'llilii'.:  in  II  Mrlklnu  in  lln'  lin.i'.'liiiitlnn,  -  I'li-iiiH. 

WMIi'  llUlllL'  •1)111  '  ri|in.i'  mill  IliTfnMn  ll     lll-  lll'mlinn"  III  flu'  CnilM  111  nf   I.il  llillllllll.  nil  I'Mllt 

iiiTiirri'il  "llilll  '.t.-iIIn  •■iiililiiii'il  fiiri''".    I   "ii-  iIh'  ili'nili  nf  Mi"  lirm'.  irii  ty.  iiiul  •Mil  yniitlifiil 

Siii,iliiuil      111'  ill  ll  lllii'  n  liiH'  (  iillinlli'  ""liUi  r.  I  ri  iiililii'.'  lil-  li-t  in  ll riii»  nf  lil-  iimiiniiiiili  r. 

Ml'  MM-  lull  llilri\nni'  vi;ir«  "f  ml'i'.  uml  »n»  liiirlril  In  llii'  rniiM'iil  i  ■  111  tiiy.  "  (Ir  Mil-  III  iiiiiiiy 
ri'«|iiii","  -IIV*  III!'  Anil  llriin  lil-lnrliili  of  llii'  ('iiliiiii«'»l,  "tlii!  nm-l  iiiiliiriil  nf  t|ii<  yri'ul  iii|iliillK 
fiiriiiril  iiliilrr  til '  I  ye  of  t'nrli'»." 

'"  Miiriinlnnf  1l:i'  Viilji  y  n?  OMirii.' 

0  Pn'jrnlt. 

<  DiirliiL'  till'  (li'noril'K  »liiy  'n  Spuln.  In-  miiL'lil  tlir  liiiiiil  of  Dofla  Jiiaiiii  lU'  Zudl^'n,  iluiiirliti't 
of  t'.ii'  Count  ilu  Aijiillftr,  iiinl  »lu'  bi'cumt'  In*  feconil  wlfo. 


ry  Willi  ii  wph'M- 

lIV     I'lllpll)'.        Ill* 

Itli,  iiiiiiis  jfUfU 

IMIH  |>HM|m'||i(||H 
»•  M»|||i>  Mt'Nifllll"* 
luVtll    IIIhI    nliii'l' 

iriiiii,  "  III*  riiiitt* 
i\ti|  r\('i'y  MIS. 

Ill  |i'-|MM  f  In  his 
niif   wlioiil  Ctitl- 

ll    illl<t    lll»'    I  I'i'H' 

ii-'ili'tiiiuiii'>ln'tl 
ilMiiHlii  II.  Til." 
N'nilt','  mill  III*' 
*  u «'•■••>.«. |v  rl\  I  «'• 
I'll  t|'it'iii  i'|t|it  I'- 
iiiivv  H'|i<iMil  III 
I'd  \>ii|i  liiiii  liy 
I  III'  II  I'fM  r.  till' 
iiiiiiit'il  I'dI'  i>o)uu 

kri'i  I'lij'  Mtxiro. 
is  wil't'.   |n:_rl||fC 

iri'  I'olliliilil  X  IiikI  liilidnl 

ir»i  Wiif'il,  I'll  III  I'iiUi-lH' 
U  lit  v\\  <  li  I  i'liiiiiliii>  liinl 
,  (iiiin  till  Willi  iii«  >.|iiiri 

I  rr,  |i  ivlit"  iiilllr  fii  S|i,i|ii 

II  t  (>r  III-  I  rllllMiii  niM'r, 
iiiliiiiiiiii',  'Hill  a  Klii-iMiti, 

1  liny  »<  IIk  -r  IHII  iNlriM 

i\  W'nrlil.  II*  llii'v  p*  I  fiMii, 
t.  Icm,  nil  llir  «iiii|  iii|i"i'- 

'■  iinii'.'liiiitldii,  -  I'ti'ii'll. 
ii'  iif  I.ii  Kiilildii.  nil  I'M'iit 
,  iriit.v.  mill  •III!  >iiiitlirM| 
I'  iiriii»  iif  III"  I'liiiiiiiiiiiiliT. 

I;  Icrv.     "  llr  «ll-  III  lllMliV 

Hint  of  till'  1,'n'ui  ciiiiIiiIiik 


iiuiiu  lie  ZiinU'n,  iluuiflitvt 


II Kit S.\ Slut  rnitlKH. 


WB 


^'liii  liU  iiiri'l  Miotlirr,  wUn  liiiil  tli'-;r(i<Hl  forfiirii'  lo  livp  in 
«♦♦!•  Iit'i'  fiih'n  ••liMiilioH,  iiM'l  Ity  II  mii^u'iHfi'Hf  niiiiii)'  of  jMigcH 
iiinl  iirri'tiiiiiiir<«,  mihIi  jm  lH*|itii^:i>i|  in  ihc  |iiiiiM«>iio|ii  of  n 
piiuiiriil  tiultif      l|os\  tlilTi'h'iir  finiii  till'  I'orjiiin  ronililioii 

ill  \\liifli,  Iw  'iify  six  yi'.irs  Icfnr-'.  Iii'  IimiI  It'i-fl  iMst  Jimmi',  iih 
ti  vvihl  ihIvi'IiIuiit,  Io  si'i'U  his  lii'i-!ii|  iijiDii  ||ii>  wall-Is" 

'riioimli   iliuiiillMil    wlih    iii'vv    ||tlt»M,   l?oi'fi''H    rfliiiiicil   fo 
Mt'.\in»  wifh  illiiiliiislii'il  i.iiihniity      Tin*  iiilllfiiiy  ili'|.iiii 

tlli'lll.  mid  puwiTs  to  illli'llltil  lii'W  discovi'l'ii's,  \\»>\;',  indfj-d, 
It'ft  ill  his  hiiiids;  ImiI  III!' siipr.'iiii'  din'cliMii  of  civil  iill'iiiiH 
was  plai'i'd  in  ii  huaid  iMJIi'd  "TIim  Aiidii'ru'f  of  Now  Spain.'* 
This  division  of  powiM'  pt'i«viMl  tin*  ,soiiirt«  of  pi>rpi>(iial  din- 
wi'iisioii.  It  iiiiMtti'i'i'd  till'  lifit  of  till'  roMtpit'ior,  and 
liiwarti'd  ail  his  vast  fiiti'ipiisiH. 

ill'  imd  now-  no  oppoit unity  to  diMplay  his  wiuidi'i-riil  ac- 
flvlfy  Imf  in  iitti'Mi|>fini(  n»'W' d'srovi'iii-s ;  and  for  this  pur- 
post!  Ill'  foiiii.'d  viiiioiis  srI  n's,  all  of  which  Im'iw  thn 
iiiipit'ss  of  ii  .L'l'iiius  that  di'iiuhtt'd  iii  what  was  hnld  and 
spli'iidid.  lUi  wwH  iilways  Imsy  in  ^xH'iit  I'litt'ipiisfs.  ||o 
piirly  I'ntfitaiMi'd  flu'  idea  that  t'iiliir  by  stn-iiim  ihfoiijili 
the  <tiilf  of  M.  xico,  aloii;;  the  casti-rn  coast  of  North  Aiiur 
ica,  soiiii'  strait  would  In  I'.'iind  that  cnmniiiiiicatcd  with 
till'  I'acillc;  or  that  hy  cxaiiiijiiiii,'  ih"  isthniiis  of  Daricn, 
Monu'  pasMiip'  rtoiild  he  discovi  ;i'd  connect  in;;  the  two  ^'teal; 
oceans.  Mm  he  was  disappointed  in  his  cxpei-tations  with 
respect  to  liolli,  ami  he  now  coiililiiil  Ids  views  to  siich 
voya^t's  of  discovery  as  Iw  cmild  make  from  I  he  Mexican 
ports  on  the  IVicilic.  'riieic  lie  litted  out,  one  after  another, 
Heveral  siiMil  sipiadrons,  w/iich  were  either  lost,  or  returned 
without  iiialviiiir  any  discovery  of  Impnrrance. 

The  (ieiieral  ^'rew  weary  of  intriisiinir  the  conduct  of  such 
enterprises  to  others,  and  took  the  command  of  a  new  arnia- 
nieiit  in  person.  He  sailed  I'twjiids  the  north.  Afti-r  en- 
diiriii;,'  iiicrediMe  hardships,  and  eiicoiinterin;^  <..i;nlless 
(laiijLCers.  lie  discovered  the  peninsula  of  California,  and  ex- 
plored the  jxreater  part  of  the  gulf  which  siparafcs  it  from 
Mexico.     The  disrovr  y  of  u  country  of  .ucli  extent  would 


ill 


!}00 


uh:iiy.\yDo  conrfjs. 


have  rcHcrtcd  nvdit  on  n  coimiioii  tulvt-ntiinT;  but  it  coiihl 
add  liltli'  to  III*'  bnylit  iiiiiiu'  of  Corfrs,  and  was  far  from 
Hatisfyiii^'  the  hoiH's  wliicli  lie  had  formed.' 

'Hk*  Ccjnqm'ror  <'ontimu';l  to  mi'ft  iI!-sii<'Cfss  and  bitter 
oi»liosition-  two  tlnnij;s  tt)  which  he  had  not  been  tiecus- 
tonied.  And  disgusted  at  having' to  cuiitest  witli  advi-rsa- 
ries  to  wlumi  lie  considereil  it  a  disgrace  to  be  opjiosed,  he 
once  more  soiij^ht  for  redress  his  native  Spain.  This  was  in 
1540.  Hut  his  reception  was  very  dilb'reiir  from  that  which 
gratitude,  and  even  decency,  should  have  secured.  The 
merit  of  his  ancient  achievenn^its  was  already,  in  some 
measure,  fory;otten.  No  service  of  importance  was  now  ex- 
pected fnmi  a  man  in  (h^clininij;  years,  and  one  who  b.-oan  to 
be  unfortunate.  The  Kmperor  behaved  to  him  with  cold 
civility;  and  iii.s  ministers  treated  tlie  illustrious  (itneral 
sometimes  with  neglect,  sometimes  with  insolence,  Inshort, 
his  grievances  received  no  redress.  His  claims  were  urged 
without  success.  Like  Columbus,  he  found  that  it  was  just 
possible  to  deserve  too  much! 

The  great  man  was  at  Seville  when  the  warning  of  death 
came.  In  order  to  avoid  the  i)resence of  visitors,  he  letired 
to  the  neighboring  village  of  Castileja.  attended  by  his  son, 
who  watched  over  his  dying  parent  with  tender  .solicitude. 
Bernal  Diaz  says  he  sought  this  quiet  i)lace  for  the  purpose 
of  making  his  will,  and  preparing  his  soul  for  its  great  de- 
l)arture.  "And  when  he  had  settled  his  worldly  affairs, 
our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  was  pleased  to  take  him  from  this 
troublesome  world."  Like  a  Chiistian  who  had  "fought 
the  good  iiglit,"  his  end  was  calm  and  peaceful.  He  made 
ji  last  Immble  confession,  and  devoutly  received  Holy  Com- 


'  Cortd-i  ilisonvorcd  rallforniii,  but  lie  left  that  coimtry,  littlo  rmijcctiiriiiK  tlic  riches  « lii.li  lie 
had  iirolialily  tnidiii'ii  under  font  It  was  on  thin  oreasion  that  his  see  mid  wife  wrote  liiiii  a  iiicist 
toiuiiiii};  letter,  heiifiiii!.'  him  to  reliini  Id  his  Maniuisale  in  Mexieo.  to  think  of  his  l)ojs  and 
Cirls.  and  no  ioncer  to  tempt  fortiiiie,  but  to  conti'iit  himself  with  the  heroic  uctioiiB  he  had  ol- 
ready  performed,  and  with  his  world-wide  fame.— /A/yw. 

ThouL'h  it  may  seem  sln^'nlar.  Cortes  was  far  from  wealthy.  In  a  letter  dated  at  Mi'xiro.  1^18, 
he  writes:  "1  have  enouKh  to  do  to  maintain  myself  in  a  villacre  where  lliave  my  wife,  witlioiit 
darini.'  to  reside  in  tliis  c  ity,  or  to  come  into  it.  as  I  have  not  the  means  lo  live  in  it :  and  if  some- 
times I  come,  because  I  cannot  help  doinf,'  so,  and  remain  in  It  ii  month,  1  am  obliged  to  fast  for 
a  year,"' 

Tlie  Conqueror  of  the  Mexican  empire  had  not  means  to  live  in  its  capital. 


1 


irrcnxAxno  cnnrf:^ 


mi 


but  it  roiihl 
vas  fur  Troiu 

■<  ami  Mttt'V 
been  acciis- 
itli  advi'isa- 

OpJIOSt'll.    ll«' 

Tliis  was  ill 
n  tiiat  wliicli 
■ciirctl.  'I'lic 
idy,  in  sonic 

was  now  ex- 
ivliu  iM'naii  to 
ini  with  ('(tl(l 
ions  (iKneral 
i(v,  In  short, 
<  wcrt'  nriivd 
lit  it  was  jnst 

linii'  of  death 
I's,  lu'  it'tiied 
nl  by  his  son, 
er  solicitude. 
I'  the  pni'iiose 
its  /ii'cat  de- 
u'ldly  iilfairs, 
liin  from  this 
had  "foufiht 
\\.  lb;  made 
!d  Holy  Com- 

iR  the  riches  « liicli  lie 
»ifr  wrote  liiiii  ii  iiKist 
liiiik  i)f  his  Ikpjs  ami 
oic  act  ions  he  had  al- 

ihited  at  Mi'xJco.  Vi», 
irtve  my  wife,  witlioiit 
ive  ill  it;  ami  if  >ome- 
am  oljliyeil  to  fast  for 


Tiiunion;  and  thus  i)asscd  away  the  Conqueror  of  >b'xico 
niul  Discoverer  of  Cabfornia,  (»n  the 'id  of  December,  b'i47, 
lit  th(f  aj^e  of  sixty-two  yeai's.' 

Of  all  tlie  nohh*  band  of  adventurous  cavaliers  whom 
Spain,  in  lh<!  sixteenth  century,  sent  foitii  on  tin"  career  of 
discovery  and  cotKiiu'st,  tliere  was  none  more  deeply  tilled 
witli  the  spirit  of  roiuanfitr  ent<'r[»rise  than  Hernando  (,'ortes. 
I)an,<i:ersand  tUlliculties,  instejid  of  deterrinir,  seemetl  to  have 
a  clnirni  in  his  eyes,  They  weic  necessary  to  nuse  him  to 
a  full  consciousness  ol  his  jiowers.  He  •••rappleii  with  tlieni 
at  tlie  outset,  and  seemed,  if  we  jnay  so  exjiress  it,  to  take 
his  (>nreri)rises  ])y  the  most  ililllciilt  si(h'.'  He  was  certaiidy 
a  ^reat  ^'eneral,  if  that  mm  be  one  who  ]»ei'foiins  great 
achievements  with  the  resourci's  whicli  his  own  ijeiiius  has 
created.  Tliere  is  probably  no  instance  in  history  whert^  so 
vast  an  enterprise  has  been  achieveil  I)y  means  ai»i>arently 
so  inadetpiate." 

We  know  of  no  exact  parallel  to  his  character,  but  he 
possessed  traits  in  common  with  many  jjjreat  •generals  of 
antitpiity.  lie  moved  and  con([uered  with  tlie  electric  rapid- 
ity of  Pyrrhiis.  but  he  was  more  successful.  He  subdued  a 
more  warlike  emivire  than  Alexander,  but  unlike  the  Greek 
conqnerer,  his  end  was  not  shameful.     Tie  had  the  courage, 


•  \\\*  lioilv  wan  Urst  hiiried  at  Seville,  in  the  cliapel  of  tiie  mnna-lerv  of  San  Inldm,  In  1,VW. 
it  was  removed,  l>.v  order  of  his  son,  lo  M  "vieo,  when'  in  the  monastery  oi  .1.  I'r.iiicis,  Tezcm.o, 
|i  was  laid  t)y  the  side  of  a  diii,!li!er  an!  nt  lii«  mnrrier.  In  ,"ii!t  the  ri'inains  were  O'^ain  re 
moved -this  linn'  to  the  charrh  of  St.  Krancis.  in  tlv  eipital.  'Phi'  reremonv  was  oondacled  with 
Ihe  pomp  suited  to  \\m  oeeasiim.  .\  m.litary  and  ri'li^'ious  proee-^ion  was  formed,  with  Iho 
Arclil)isliop  of  Mexico  at  its  liead.  Nor  were  his  hones  permitted  to  r -^t  niilistiirlM'd.  Tii  ITfll 
they  were  removed  -o  tlie  Hospital  of  .lesus  of  Nir/areth.  ft  was  a  more  lltlTriL'  plaei>,  since 
it  was  Ihe  saaie  iiislilntioii  which  niider  the  name  ot  "Oar  I.ii'y  of  tiie  ('oneeplioti."  had  tieen 
founded  and  endowed  I)y  fortes,  and  whl<h,  with  a  fate  not  loo  fre(|uent  in  similar  charities,  Im4 
been  administered  to  tins  day  f>n  Ihe  nohle  principles  of  its  loundation.— i'rtviy//^ 

Sec  '■  Uistory  of  Ihe  ('ompiest  of  .Mexico,"  Vol.  III.  p.  *ri. 

'  "Once  hp  had  landc'd  in  Mexico,"  writes  .\r(vhhi^'l)op  Spaldincr,  "  and  conceived  the  idea  of 
conquerinir  the  empire,  lu' Imrned  his  Heel:  thus  cull  iirr  off  all  hope  of  retrea'.and  leavinirhis  men 
lioaitermitivchul  lo  conquer  or  lo  die.  lie  then  hackled  on  hisdood  sword,anrt  with  his  little  army 
followed  fearlessly  the  banner  of  Ihe  Cross,  which  he  had  resoived  to  plant  on  the  loftiest  pin- 
n.lcle  of  the  city  of  Montezuma.  On,  on  with  tlie  lial tie-cry  ol  fioil  iiiiil  Sun  .rnqn.'  No  dan'.'eis 
nppall—no  difflcnllies  discourage  him.  I,abor  and  ton,  and  liardships  and  reverses  are  his  dully 
liread.  His  soul  rises  with  obstacles,  as  the  ship  rises  with  tlie  waves.  .\  child  of  fortune.  \v! 
pcpms  lo  rise  superior  to  fojiiine;  or  rather,  his  (jenius  transmutes  misfortunes  into  lirilliuiit 
cuccess," 

»  Pn-iiott. 


308 


1IKHNAND0  conrfis 


pkill,  iiiid  indoinitiiblH  t'iu'r<;y  u\  Scipio,  and  lik«'  him  \w 
dt^rstmycd  ii  ciiiiiial ;  but  unlike  Scipio.  In-  caused  this  capi- 
tal t(»  rise  a^ain  IVoni  its  ashes  more  sjdendid  than  ever, 
lie  con(piered  like  ('avsar,  and  like  him,  ••  he  wrote  his  own 
conimeiitaries,'"  almost  amiil  the  stinin^^  scenes  of  tiie  l>af- 
tle-lield  itself,  lie  had  the  ifon  nerve  and  the  fertile  inven- 
tion of  Hannibal,  and  the  same  uncoiKpierable  ener<ry  in 
encountering'  ditliculties;  but  he  was  uiiu'h  more  foitunatt* 
than  Ihinnibal." 

"He  preferred,"  w  rites  jrood  ohl  Hernal  Diaz.  "  to  be  called 
Corfi'S  by  us,  to  bein<r  called  by  any  title;  and  with  irood  rea- 
son, for  the  name  of  Coi'tes  is  as  famous  in  our  day  as  was 
that  of  Ca'sar  among  tiio  itonuins,  or  of  Jlaunibal  ainon^;  tliu 
Carthai-inians." 

Nor  was  tlie  Conqueror  of  ^fexico  simply  an  iHustrioiis 
('omnnimh'r.  W*'  wasji  sincerely  reliuions  luan.  He  was  a 
great  statesman.  He  was  a  consummate  man  of  business. 
Ife  was  au  eminent  discoverer.  Tiiesu  are  qualities  rarely, 
if  erer,  found  in  the  same  person. 

Were  we  to  overlook  tin*  religious  aspect  of  the  Con- 
quest, it  woidd  lie  utterly  in. possible  to  understand  or 
rightly  appreciate  its  character.'  'i'he  spread  of  the  true 
Faith  was,  in  fact,  its  great  end  and  aim,  its  veiy  life  and 
soul.  Cortes  felt  that  he  had  !i  high  missiou  to  accomplish 
as  a  soldier  of  the  Cr;>ss.  He  felt  that  lie  was  engaged  in  a 
lioly  crusade.  He  felt  that  he  coidd  not  .seive  Heaven  bet- 
ter than  by  planting  th(>  blessed  sign  of  man's  He(lemj)tion 
on  the  blood-stained  towpr.s  of  pagan  >rexic(>!" 

'  SpaldlnR. 

5  TliiTo  niiiy  1)0  tlinso  who  think  thilt  the  roiiqiic^t  of  Mrxlco  was.  pfrtinp!".  Iiol  jiistllliilpli'. 

Hcri' wi' li;i\f  IK)  ^pncc  tiniiM  lis-  ilic  iiiall'T.  Tli  IcMriiciI  .\rclilpi>li(i|i  S|i:ili|iiii.' in  hi- rl■^  vw  i,f 
I'n-iiiu's  //i^lll|^y.  H^k':  '■  W  ^  the  CcuKim'-t  jii-lillatili'.- "  iiiiil  :in-«fr-:  "  If  cmt  m  ( iMii|ni-l 
wa-  jiistiflatili'.  Iliat  of  Mixiin  I  v  the  SpanianN  "a-  -<i  "  WC  ii  f<T  the  rcndrr  to  liis  alilf  uryii- 
niciit  on  this  -iilijt'Ct.     Si'o  "  MIm  ,  iianra,"  Vol.  I.  p.  ••.'I'l.!. 

'  Spiaklni;  of  tho  new  car'cr  o'  disrovcry  ami  roni|iii-l  opcmd  lo  Kiiropran  nation-  Iiy  the 
p.'niiis  of  ColiiinlaiM.  Ilii'  hl-ioria"  I'rr-cott  truly  say-:  '•Oilier  nation-  ciilcrc-il  on  it  iil-o,  lait 
Willi  (liffcnn'  motive-.  The  Tn  rrli  sent  fnilli  their  nil— iiai.-irie-  to  take  up  llieir  thMllini; 
amoiiL'  the  he:illien.  who.  in  the  (jooil  worli  of  w  inning'  -oiil-  to  r.iradi-i'.  were  eonleiit  to  wc>ar  - 
niiv.  soiiietliiie-  seemed  lo  eoiirt  -the  crown  of  niarlyrdoni.  The  Dutch,  too.  Iiinl  their  mi— ion, 
lint  it  wa-  one  of  worldly  Iihtc.  and  they  found  a  reeonipeii-e  for  toil  ;ind  siilTeriiii;  In  iheir  >,':iiii- 
fiil  trafllc  wi'h  llie  n-ilivi-.  while  our  TariLan  falher-.  "ilh  lri;e  .Nul-'o  Saxon  -piril.  Icfi  ilicir 
Jileasaiit  l.oiiu-  across  the  waters,  and  l>ilched  their  tent-  in  the  hovsMn;,' wilderne— .  ihal  Ihey 


1iUt>  liiiii  li(> 
t'd  tliin  i'ujif- 
1  tliiin  cvt'i'. 
w\{'  his  own 
s  of  tlic  bill 
I'citilt'  invfii- 
U'  ciici'^y  ill 
nv  IVtitiiiiiite 

"  to  be  ciillt'd 
ill)  <ioo(l  ivii- 
r  (l;iy  iis  wiis 
i[  aiuoii^;'  the 

n  illiistiloiis 

He  \\;is  ii 

of  hiisiiK'ss. 

litios  ijirciy, 

of  tlu'  Coii- 
i(h'isl:iii(l  or 
of  th«'  trill' 
ci y  life  iiiid 
»  afcoiiijilisk 
'iipiu'ril  ill  a 
llciivcll  lict- 
H(>(l(>iiij)lioii 


nps.  not  jii*tllliilp|t'. 

litiL'  ill  lii-  rr\  'iw  i.f 
"  If  v\ir  M  ( iiiii|iii~i. 
(Kr  to  Ills  iililf  iiryii- 

lii'iiii  iiiitiiiii'.  Iiy  llip 
crril  oil  it  iiImi.  Iiiit 
I'  ii|i  llii'ir  ilwclliii^' 
•I'  coiilciit  to  miir  - 
,  liml  tlii'ir  mi— ion, 

ITrlilll;  ill  tlicir  /.lin- 

1111  •pirii.  Ii  ri  iiii'ir 
iliK'rin>>.  l!i;ii  ilicy 


innix.wwf  coiiTfjs. 


soft 


His  nol)h'  kiudiM'ss  iiiid  if!i;jioiis  spiiit  slioiic  out  in  iIim 
Very  hist  \u't  of  his  lift'.  Hy  a  claiisi'  in  Ids  will,  lie  ap- 
plit'd  till'  icvcniit's  of  his  cstatt-s  in  tiif  city  of  Mcxict"  to 
<'stal)lisli  and  pciinant'iiliy  endow  thivi' piiltjic  iiisiiiiitions 
of  charity  a  iiospiial  dedicated  to  tlie  liiiniaciilate  Cuiicep- 
tion,  a  convent  for  nuns,  and  a  colleu'e  for  the  eiliicatioii  of 
missionaries  to  preach  tim  (lospel  ainoiiiir  tlie  Indians,  lie 
also  appropriated  a  sum  i'oi-  the  celehiatioii  of  twi»  tlioiisaiid 
Masses  for  the  eternal  repose  of  the  soiils  of  those  wht»  had 
loiiudit  with  him  in  the  campaigns  of  Mexico. 

\Ve  conclude  Ity  a  few  i>enpictiiies  from  the  hand  of  a  coin- 
]ianion.  "His  whole  appearance,"  says  the  veteran  IJernal 
Diaz,  "in  his  disconi'se.  his  table,  his  ilress.  in  every thinu'.  in 
short,  he  had  the  air  of  a  jireat  lord.  His  clothes  \vere  in 
the  fashion  <»r  the  time.  He  set  little  value  t>n  silk,  dam- 
ask, or  velvei.  hilt  dre.ssed  jilainly  and  exceeilinuly  neat; 
nor  tlid  he  weai'  massy  chains  of  udld,  but  simply  a  line 
one  of  extiuisite  workmanship,  from  which  was  suspended  a 
jewel  liavin<;  the  titjnre  of  (Mir  HIes.sed  Lady  and  her  pre- 
cioiiM  Son.  with  a  Latin  motto  cut  iii)on  it. 

"He  was  actpiainted  with  Fjatin,  and.  as  T  have  under- 
stood, was  made  li.ichelor  t)!'  Liws;  ami  when  he  conversed 
with  learned  men  who  addressed  iiini  in  fiatin.  heansweretl 
them  in  the  same  langnau:*'.  He  was  also  somethiiiir  of  a 
poet.  IHs  conversation  was  aijreeable,  antl  ht^  had  a  ]tleas- 
aiit  elociuion.  In  his  atteiuhmce  on  the  services  of  t!ie 
Church  he  was  most  pnnctnal,  (h'vout  in  his  mannei-,  ami 
charitable  to  tlie  poor. 

"When  he  swore,  he  n.sed  to  say.  On  nnf  ronscicnn';  and 
when  he  was  vexed  with  anyoiuN  /•>//  fxliih'  yoii.  With  his 
men  he  was  very  patient;  and  they  were  sometimes  iinjierti- 

iniitlit  ctijoy  tlio  Httci'l-i  of  civil  jiiul  nliL'iiiiis  frcciloni.  Hill  lln'  Simiii.ird  f.inir  over  to  tlii'  New 
Worlil  ill  tlu'  trii;'  spirit  of  w  kiiiL'lilcrniiil.  ('(iiirlini.'  iiihi'iilnri'.  Iiowcvir  pcriloii-i.  Hooiiiij 
ihiiit'ir.  a-  it  Hiiiilcl  «i'ini.  for  its  own  salic  Willi  svvord  iiiiil  liiiiii-.  Iif  hus  rvcr  rculy  to  do 
ti.illlc  for  llic  K.iilli;  and.  us  In-  raisnl  his  old  Har-cry  of  SI .  .hviiiAw  faiiiird  liiiii-clf  Hi.'liliiii{ 
iiiidcrtlii'lianiiiTor  ihi'  niililary  apo-tlc.and  fcit  liisarin  a  inalili  for  inorr  than  a  liiiiidrcd  inlldi  Is! 
Ii  was  till'  rxpiriiiu'  iil'i'  of  iliiMilry;  and  Spain,  roinaiilir  Spain,  was  llir  land  wlnrf  il«  liidit 
linu'ircd  loiii.'<'>t  ahovo  tin'  horizon."     "  llistaiij  of  Ih-  l'iii(i/ii,.\/  nf  .Wuiin." 

This,  from  a  I'rotcstant  jien,  is  u  woll-iiicTitcd  triliutr  to  tlio  liriivo  old  Ciilliolic  pioiitrrs  of 
Atuorica. 


.0 


:nu 


lltMSASUO  COUTRS. 


iD'iil  and  t'Vfti  insolent  When  very  an.^n.  the  veins  in  liis 
thi.iat  and  f«)r.'liead  wonld  swell,  hut  he  uttered  no  re- 
proaches  n^ainst  eitiier  ofllcer  or  soldier. 

"  He  was  aJFahle  with  his  followers,  especially  with  tlio^-c 
Avho  came  over  with  him  from  Cid)a,  In  his  cami)iii;iiis  he 
l)aid  strict  attention  to  discipline,  freipieiitly  ^oin^^  the 
rounds  himself  duriuf,'  the  ni^dit,  and  seeing  that  the  sentinels 
did  their  duly.  He  entered  the  quarters  of  Ids  soldiers 
without  cereniony,  and  chided  those  whom  he  fouiul  with 
out  their  arms  and  a<'coutrements,  sayinj,',  U  icas  a  bud 
sh'cp  that  vould  not  canif  its  own  wool. 

"On  tlie  expedition  to  Honduras  he  acquired  the  habit 
of  sleeping  after  his  meals,  feeling'  unwell  if  he  (mdtted  it; 
and,  however  sultry  or  stoitny  tlie  weather,  he  caused  ii  car- 
pet or  his  cloak  to  be  thrown  under  a  tree,  and  slept  soundly 
for  some  time. 

"He  was  frank  and  exceedinfily  liberal  in  his  disposition, 
until  the  last  few  years  of  his  life,  when  he  was  accused  of 
parsimony.  But  we  should  consider  that  his  funds  were 
employed'  on  pcreat  and  costly  enterprises,  and  that  none  of 
these,  after  the  Conquest,  neither  his  exindition  to  Ibm- 
duras   nor  his  voyage   to  Califoinia,    were  citjwned  with 

success. 

"It  was  perhaps  intended  that  he  should  receive  liis  re- 
compense in  a  better  world;  and  I  fully  belie\e  it;  for  he 
was  a  good  cavalier,  most  true  in  his  devotions  to  the  Virgin, 
to  the  Apostle  St.  Peter,  and  to  all  the  other  Saints.'" 


1  'Ilii'torla  de  la  Conqulsts  ;"'  Prcscotfa  trunBlutlon,  in  liis  "HlBtory  of   the  Conquest  of 
Mc&icu," 


ic  veins  in  liis 
tt«'it'(l   no  IV- 


lly  with  tliosi^ 
('Jiini)i«i;;iis  Im 
ly  jioiiiji'  tht^ 
.{  tiicsniiiiiei.H 
f  lii.s  soldiers 
e  found  with- 
/I  iciis  a  bud 

red  the  habit 

he  omitted  it; 

•  caused  a  car- 

sk'i)t  fsoundly 

is  disposition, 
•as  acoised  of 
lis  funds  were 
I  that  none  of 
lition  to  llon- 
citjwned  with 

rereive  liis  re- 
ie^e  it ;  for  he 
<  to  theA'irgin, 
Saints,'" 

y  of    tlie  Conquest  of 


^^^^y/>\ 


■m 


Zi 


\1 


/J 


ST.   KOSB   01"    LIMA, 

Tin-:  KIUST  AMKIMCAN  SAINT.' 


ClIAPTKR  T. 

TIIK   flllMHIOMl)   OF    AMKKK.v's    FIllST   SAINT. 

/iirfh  of  S/.  /insr  I/oto  she  got  the  name  of  Hose— Tnh-s 
St.  (Uttharhic  of  Sh-nnn  as  hir  uiot/ct  -/frr  n>ic  at  Jim 
years  nf  a(ii-  —  lfrr  Inroh'  ohi'i/i'cnrf  -Ifif  spirit  of  piii- 
aiiee—liosc' s  demotion  to  Ik  r  father  and  mother. 

"First  floweret  of  llio  desert  wilil, 

Whose  liuves  the  sweets  of  uriice  exhale, 
We  j^reet  thee,  Limns  Miiiileil  ehiltl — 
Hose  of  Amerieu— all  hiiil!" 

— I'lilhir  Fiihir, 

Rose  Florez,  tlie  lioly  and  renowned  subject  of  our  sketeli, 
was  born  iit  Lima,  tlie  capital  of  Peru,  in  Soufli  Aniericti, 
on  the  20rh  day  of  ApH!,  in  the  year  ir)8(».  Tier  parents, 
(irasi)er  Flon.'Z  and  Mary  Olivia,  were  persons  of  virtue  and 
hio;h  birth. 

Her  aunt,  Lady  Isabella  of  TIerrera,  beinjr  chosen  as  her 
godmother,  ^ave  hei'  the  name  of  Isabella  in  Haptisni.  Three 
months  after,  however,  as  the  child  slept  in  her  cradhs  her 
mother  and  several  other  persons  saw  a  beautiful  rose  on  her 
sweet  little  countenance.  From  that  time  they  called  her 
by  the  name  of  Rose. 

Rose's  f:;odmother  thoufjht  herself  slighted  by  this  chan<?e 
of  name.     So  much  offended  was  the  lady  that  she  lived  at 

•  Chief  luithoritli'f  iiix'd:  FntlitT  .1.  H  Finllli't  O.  P..  "  I.ifi'  of  St.  \{nw  of  I.lmii."  tmiiKlatcd 
from  tl.  •  Kniicli  hy  the  Fathers  of  the  English  Oratory  and  edited  by  Kcv.  K.  W.  Fal)er,  D.l)., 
Butler,  -  U\c*  of  the  Saiuts.' 


nt3 


ST  nasi:  or  i.ima 


variiiticc  witli  tli.'  rliild's  tiiotli'i'  until  iiii  <>ii(l  wiis  pnf  to  Mm 
uiiliii|i|>y  dispiitt'  liy  tin-  ik  tiori  of  tlif  Anliltisliuit  ul'  Uniii. 
ulm  pivi-  lii'i'  111!'  MiUJH*  nf  Hiisi'  ill  (*orilirm;iliuii.' 

As  :i  t'liild  slit'  was  vt'iy  iriinirkalili'.  Itor*'  iiiiiny  scxt'iv 
iiniictiuiis  wirli  iiiilliiicliiti;;  li''i'oism,  niid  wiis  •'xccfdiimly 
iH'iit  ill  JHT  dif'ss.  In  piiiyt'i*  sin-  was  ini»sf  rtivmi.  We 
nr«'  assiiifd  fliaf  she  ivn-ivid  ficni  (Jud.  af  a  riiosi  iiii  li-r 
ap*.  ait  inspiration  to  rullow  in  the  rootsit-psol'  St.  Catliaiiia' 
of  Sienna,  l)y  a  p('if«'ct  imitation  of  tin.'  virtin-s  of  that  great 
and  saintly  woinan. 

'!'<•  Hnse's  jiiiie  lieait  and  ^irlisli  mind,  innocenee  was  ///<- 
grand  and  only  attraetion.  She  htved  purity,  heeaiise  it  is 
"the  heaiitifnl  and  white  virtue  of  the  soul."  At  live  years 
of  age,  we  are  tt»ld,  she  made  a  vow  of  virginity,  ronsecrat- 
mg  her  whole  life  to  Heaven  'Phils  we  may  say  of  A  merica's 
iirsf  Saint,  what  a  celehraled  Dortor  of  the  Chnrcli  said  of 
the  lovely  St.  Agnes  that  her  piety  and  virtue  weie  aliovo 
her  years,  and  far  l)eyond  tlie  strength  of  nature.' 

Her  obedience  was  in  the  highest  degree  heroie.  Iler 
mother  like  many  others  who  love  their  children  more  for 
this  world  than  for  Heaven  df  ten  begged  iiose  to  lake  much 
fnrn  of  lu'r  beauty,  and  even  desired  her  to  use  ]>aiiit  and 
cosmetics.  Hut  the  pure,  simple  soul  of  our  Saint  saw 

the  folly  of  such  advice.  She  knew  that  modesty,  virtue, 
and  simplicity  in  dress  ar(^  the  highest  oinameiits  .s;inctioned 
by  religion  and  good  .sense;  and  she  earnestly  entreated  her 
mother  not  to  oblige  her  to  obey  in  such  matters. 


'  KiiM'.  uMi'ii  nliliT,  had  Minii<  HrniplcM  iihn'il  It  on  li'iirnlni;  lliiit  U  wno  imiI  iIic  iiiinic  Aw  lind 
ri'i  Tunl  In  H.iptl-m.  Slic  llioiiuhllll  «ii«  an  clTiit  (if  Ilic  ((imijlal-aiur  or  vaiillv  i)f  liir  iianul", 
»h(i  Hi-lii'il  111  iiiakr  hir  licaulv  iikph'  allmrlhc  liy  IliU  a^rci  nlilr  naiin',  l)i«lurli<il  liy  ilii-  ion- 
iliii't.  which  Aw  Ihoiiuhl  iiii»iirlliy  i>i  llic  »|ilrll  nf  ii  ('hrl»llaii.  Aw  wciil  In  llir  rhiirch  nf  llm 
Ddinliiliaii".  Sill'  iiilinil  Ihr  Chapil  (if  the  |{ii»arv,  lar-l  hcrvilf  al  Ihr  fi<l  of  \\w  Uli-wd  Vir 
Kill,  ami  maclc  kniiwii  hiT  iiiira-iu-K,  Our  Hlc'^-iij  MhiImi-  linnii'illalily  roii-nlrcl  In  r,  a«»iiiinL; 
liiT  Ihal  the  name  of  l{<>xi'  wa^  piiiiMi'L'  to  .Ii'^iih  ClirNt  :  and  thai  a*  a  mark  of  licr  alTiciloii,  Aw 
woalil  aNn  lioiior  hir  uifh  hrr  own  name  and  that  lii'iM'i'rorwanl  Aw  '■hoiild  Ix'  talUd  l!ii-e  nf 
iSI.  Miinj.  So  Ihal  we  may  wiy  Ihal  of  idl  tl'.c  Halni"  uIiom'  nainis  Almighty  (iod  lian  ilianni  il 
tiy  an  cxlraordinary  favor,  St  Uo»c  of  Miiia  \y>  \\w  llrwt  and  iMTliap"  Ihr  only  one  wluwi'  ftiinama 
\\u*  lu'iii  ali-o  (  haii;,'cd  liy  lli'avcn.— /'Vi^/ic/'  Feiii/fef,  O.  I'. 

^  From  Ihc  Icytiniony  of  hiT  ronfissorH,  It  In  firtalii  that  Ho^'i'  licL'aii  to  have  Ihr  ii-i-  of  rcai'on 
from  hir  flflli  year  :  and  ho  plcancd  wan  (Jo<l  with  tin'  irmi'roaH  action  rchiml  aliovr,  that  llu 
Khowcrcd  down  upon  her  IIIh  cIioIcchI  licni'dlctloni',  and  I'lirlchcd  licr  with  ho  miiiiy  KWCiw,  thut 
ihe  im'scrvcU  hvr  DuptUmul  innocence  till  her  dvath.—J^'at/ifr  f'euilM,  O.  /». 


PT  iios/:  or  LIMA 


818 


iVtiM  I  Hit  to  tlin 
<li)>|)  til'  Minti, 
.11.' 

iiijniy  N('\('r<» 
*  I'Xrccdiimly 
f»'IV«'l||.  \V»« 
I   runs!    fi'ii  It'I' 

Sf.  ('.iilmiim' 
I  of  I  hilt  grrut 

rciu't'  WHS  ///<' 
l)i't';iiis»'  it  is 
At  nv«'  yt'iirs 
fy.  r'tiiMccnit- 
'  of  i>  niciicji's 
lurch  s:ii(l  of 
If  wfic  ahovo 

lit'idic.  Ilt-r 
Ircii  iiioif  for 

to  lill\l>  IIIMcil 

isi>  |iiiint  iiiid 
iiir  Siiiiit  saw 
(lt's!y.  viitiH'. 

Its  SMIICtioIKMl 

ciilii'att'd  lit.'i' 

rs. 


(It  ihr  nil  nil'  Aw  linit 

MlllllV  llf   IllT  IHirilllH, 

»i^lurll<•ll  liy  llii"  ciiii- 
II  llir  rliiircli  of  thu 
II  (if  till'  Hl.-H((l  Vlr 
m-iilril  lirr,  a^-iirlni; 
i  llf  licr  alTi  Tlliiii,  fJiK 

ill!  Ill'    Clllllll     /I'OM?  Ijf 

ity  (1(1(1  tiiiM  I'liiinurd 
S  dill'  wIhim'  nuiiinmt 

live  till'  iHc  (if  n'miim 
iilcil  iiIkivc.  Hint  Ho 
HO  miiiiy  Kraci'H,  that 


On  on»'  ocrfiMJon  tli»'  niotlirr  oidctfil  Iht  daiiulitt'r  to  wi'iir 
a  Kailaiul  of  tlowpis  (»ti  Imt  ln-ad.  Kosf  did  not  tliiidv  Ikt 
Sfjf  sfii.tii;  *'noiijj;li  to  rlVrrt  a  rliaji;.'i- ill  iliis  coiiiiiiaiid,  and 
ol»fyt'd.  Hut  sill'  saiictillitl  ln'f  MiluiiisHioii  Ity  the  paiid'iil 
niortillcalioii  with  whirli  sin-  ac-oiiipaiiii'd  it.  Our  Lord  hav- 
lim  rt'calit'd  to  hi-rniiiid  tin*  K'ni'iiihi'inrt'of  thtM-rih-l  ilitirtis 
wliii'li  iiiiniiii't'd  IliHCrowii  in  liis  I''  ssi.ui.  sln«  tooli  tlK-ifar- 
iaiid.  and  lixfd  it  oii  hrr  Ihsid  uitli  a  lai>i''  in'cdl*-,  wldcii 
jH'iit'tritt'd  MO  dt'Mply  tlnit  nt  niudit  tin'  maid  could  .sciu'«<'|y 
ri'iiiovc  till'  garland,  'riius  sin*  i-oiitrivcd  to  elude,  without 
resisting;,  the  «nders  of  her  n  other,  when  iliey  were  o|ienly 
(iplio^eil  to  till'  hi,u;l>  virtue  at  which  our  Saint  ainn-d;  and 
will'  |iunislii'd  herself  severely  when  she  obeyed  her  ill  liny- 
tliiii-;  that  partook  of  th  '  vanity  of  th"  world. 

It  may  he  said,  in  truth,  that  from  her  infaticv,  Hose's 
patience  in  sull'erinjx  and  her  love  of  mortitii'ation  were 
extraordinary,  and  whilst  yet  a  child  she  ate  no  fruit,  fasted 
three  (hiys  n  week,  alhtwin^  herself  on  them  only  hread  and 
water,  and  on  oi  her  days  takinu;  only  lierhsand  jiiiise.  When 
she  was  ;irown  up,  her^^ardeii  was  planted  \\itli  nothing'  hut 
bllter  heihs,  interspersed  with  li;j;ures  of  crosses. 

Hy  the  clian,<i;es  of  worldly  fortune,  (laspet  Klore/,  f«'ll  from 
a  state  of  opuleJU'e  into  J.tleat  distress.  The  pious  wife  of 
the  Treasurer  (tonsalvo  took  Mose  into  her  family;  and  the 
yoiin^  Saint,  by  workinj.?  there  all  day  in  the  pirdeii,  and 
lat«  at  ni^dit  with  lier  needle,  manaiied  to  relieve  and 
(•(iiiiiort  her  father  and  mother  In  their  necessities. 

She  was  a  perfect  mistn^ss  of  needlework,  either  in  de- 
sitjnlni?  llow(  rs,  or  in  tracini^  them  oneiiibi-didery  or  t!.p<'stry. 
So  much  beauty  and  delicacy  had  her  work,  that  it  seemed 
to  surpass I'.rt  and  nature.  And  what  is  more  surprisiii<;  is, 
that  thouj^'li  her  mind  was  often  elevated  to  '.Ud  duiin,:x  her 
liours  of  toil,  yet  her  hand  .yuided  the  work  as  faultlessly 
as  if  her  mind  was  solely  intent  upon  it. 

Besides  needlework,  she  cultivated  a  little  garden,  in 
which  slie  nast'd  violets  and  other  llowers.  These  she  sold, 
to  lieli)  her  parents  in  rheir  necessities;  and  as  all  her  indiis- 
trv   was  iusulFicient  to  save  them  from  poverty,  she  con- 


HT  nnsK  nr  rjVA. 


f»«MH«'tl  to  u  hf»Iy  |MM!*on  flitif  .I.'hiih  VAmM  hiriiH»«if  tfiwlonHly 
Hii|>l>li«'<l  tli«  dfll<'it'iiry  liy  M»'cr»«l  uiul  womb'tful  rtu'iitis. 
ll«'r  piin'tifs  mIic  ii»t»'HtlH(l  in  sifkn»'ss  wirh  {inu»'li«'  kiruliU'HM 
hikI  assuluiiy.  Sli««  was  ahvtiys  at  tlifir  l»»«ilsiilt«,  n-mly  l>y 
(lay  and  by  niglit  to  perfuim  tlio  vilest  hiu'*  nxont  dillUuU 
in'ivirt's. 


ttiilt'iful    iiit'iiim. 
id  tnu»t  Uillk'uU 


CIIAPTKUII. 

<»I.ANCKH   ATMItTt'K   IN    AiTION. 

Matrhitttnhif  nini'ntitiii'iH     /fnsi'  hrmmrs  a  iixmhir  of  f/m 

Till  I  if  nnhr  i>J'  S(.  Ihimiiiir  ~lt>r  luimilih/     ll>r  rlnir- 

Hif  mul  ffnnimf/rnnhnf-  Ihr  iromltrj'iif  piuibj     lUr 

y,i»tit—itinn  «//"  rhoHlhnl  tniMv!/     Ifn'  Hhif/nlitr  hvd-' 

Thr  hnunr  IHlid  f»  fl>  I'  "'>  n  f>H  illiltiolUll  riUiltlllfS. 

Ah  Mmsc  p-fw  Up  to  woiiKiiiluir.d,  ht'r  rxtifnu*  iM'inity,  thn 
ivliiii'm.'iil  «»f  litT  iniiifl,  Imt  il.-ii^'lilfiil  (•oiivfi'satioii,  mid 
«'v.'U  h.'f  vhliif  ilH.'ir,  whi'  li  Kivally  rnlmnci'd  Imt  jM-rMtiml 
iiiiia<ii.»iis,  (.([tiivatt'd  many  licarts.  To  Iut  this  wan  u 
jfivat  lUiuoyuiK'*',  as  slit*  xwwv  for  a  nioMU'iit  for^^ot  lior  vow 
id'  vli,4}inty.  Slit'  iuvcntt'il  all  smfs  of  iiH-atis  to  dlsll>,'iii'»» 
h'Ts.ir.  Shi'  madif  Ikt  I'ac.'  jmIi;  and  livid  wirli  fasiill^^  and 
\saslH'd  lii'i-  liands  in  liot  litiH-  to  taU»'  tln^  skin  olV  ihrm. 
HIiH  KiMiKlit  Molitudc,  shut  lu-rself  up  rlosrly  in  tlif  lntu«»', 
went  out  v»'ry  si'ldoni,  and  then  only  wlifii  il  was  <pilte 
in'ccssiry.     Tints  several  years  passed  away. 

Jim  notwillistaiidiii^'  all  these  precautions,  lhe^'o<»d  young 
lady  was  n<»t  able  to  prevent  nevt'ial  persons  from  seeking 
lier  hand  in  marriage.  Anion^';  (»thers,  one  of  the  ni«»st  »lis. 
tin;,'uisliel  women  in  the  eapi  al.  as  niueh  <h'lii;ht<'<l  "Itli 
her  virtue  as  her  heauty,  wi.'-!!"i!  her  to  heeoine  ihe  bride  of 
lier  oaly  sou.  The  lady  ol)enly  made  the  lecpiest  to  Hose's 
parents,  who,  having  eleven  children  to  provide  foi;,  received 
the  proposal  most  favorably,  tliinkii.i;  the  alliance  wouhl  bo 
very  advantageous  to  themselves  and  their  family. 

Our  Saint  was  the  only  person  to  whom  this  (.tfer  was  dis- 
agreeable Shy  blamt'd' herself  for  it.  She  haw  that  there 
was  now  no  means  of  escape  but  by  openly  declaring  Im'V 
tirm  re.solution  not  to  marry.  IUt  parents  were  snrpristid, 
315 


r 


.•I  in 


ft  nn^K  or  r.rv.i 


liiir  lilil  tint  liNc  lifipf^uf  iinliiriiiK  Imt  to  comply  \\  I  til  ilii'lr 
winhi'*.  'ri»«'y  trl«'«l  niiMiwiii,  tlirtnitM,  hiuI  HiiiiMn  l»lo\vm 
luir  it  wtiH  till  ill  viilii. 

AfliT  fills  >tt>llll    lili'W  oViT,    \{nM>   Mcill^lif,  II   |M.|f  nf   Mifi'fy 

III  III*' 'I'IiIkI  OiMfior  Sr.  hiiiiiiiijc.  Slif  >>M|«nitil\  inciuil 
(Im*  liiililt  lit  iIm*  IiiiikU  nf  tlii>  |{fv.  Kiitlnr  \  •'liisqiitv.  on  llio 
loili  of  AiijriiHt,  IIUMJ,  Im-Imk  twi-iily  yitiiM  of  ii>j;«'.  TliU 
iKtiih'  of  lift'.  Ir  limy  'm*  (iIix'immI,  djil  ndt  |iif\»nl  iIm- Siiiiif 
limii  t'Mtiiiiiiiiiix  toii-sisi  ||fi'  fiiilM'i  iiiid  iiioilnT. 

It  h  Mtiiil  iliiit  Im>  wliokiiDWM  not  liow  to  ti(*tiitiiiMt  Uiiowm 
iiotliiii;;.  liiiiiiiliiy  iiowii  ittiyM  is  ii  iiih'  viiiiic,  Imt  it  Ih, 
tn'\iTiln'|i's«i,.  a  |.r|«'iit  oiu',  'I'liis  u!««'  yoiiii^'  liii|>  \mih  u 
iiinili-l  of  (lfi>|i  litiiiiility.  All  lii*r  iK-tioiiN  pidiJuiiufU  it.  At 
ronfi'H.Hioii  tlif  :il)iiiii|:iiii'«>  of  her  icmim  iiii^iii  iiiiikt*  Idt  ptiHM 
ill  tlnM»y»*Hof  u  Mtiiiiiy:*'!"  for  II  ^ii'iif  |»iil»lir  siniH'i-.  Vft  hi 
|tiiit'  iiimI  iiiiiocciil  WHS  ilic  lift'  sill'  li'fl  tliiit  Iht  coiifi'S'.ors 
JiskI  ofifii  ^'tciit  ilillinilty  in  liiitliuu  iiiiill)<i'  for  al'soliitioti  in 
lliost>  tliiiigH  of  whicli  mIu*  tUTu^cM  lit'i'sflf  witli  MO  iiiiiiiy 
tears. 

Sln»  ki'pr  NO  Mifirt  11  WMfrli  over  lii-lsrlf.  tliilt  lie  wiis  tH'V»»r 
lii'ai'il  to  spr:iU  one  wold  !oiii|)>r  lliiiii  aiiollH-i'.  or  to  t'lid  llit* 
least  fiiiilt  wiili  llif  anions  or  roiidii";  of  othiis.  'I'Im'|»» 
wtiM  nothing;  in  Iter  l«>liii\!or  tlnil  roiild  ^ivt>  iiiinoyiin<i>  t<» 
tiiosi'  witli  wlioiii  rliaiity  or  duty  oMi^ffd  Iht  to  (onvciMi-; 
on  tilt' contrary,  lii'i'swrt't  and  oliji^rin^'  niniiiicrs  niiidr  her 
HO  iiKi'''«':ii>lt'  to  I'Vi'iyonc,  tliat  it  vvii.s  ((iniiiionly  Miid  tliiit 
tliH  tiiiiiuf  /^'vr  Uid  not  .suit  litT,  IxrauM'  mIm*  had  not  it.s 

tllOIIIS. 

Her  ••liiU'ity  towards  niiinUind  was  wo  nnlvcrsal.  Iliaf  IIiIh 
qiii'i'ii  of  virtiii's  sft'iiifd  t(»  !)•>  till-  soul  wliirli  aiiini.-ili'd  lier 
\V(»rds,  a<'lioiis,  and  entire  conduct.  The  l(»ve  which  she  liiid 
for  God  and  her  iieij:lil>or  tilled  her  whole  heart,  and  had  >o 
entirely  disi'njra^ed  it  from  eiirthly  thiiij^fs.  th.-it.  she  was.in- 

selisihle   to  lite    pjeiisiires  w  |:ic!i    most   men    h'.vc   so    Jiassioli- 

alelv.     Hein^  asked  (Hie  diiy  if,  in  the  midst  of  ihedeli^ihts 
uiid  ('onsoliitions  whieli   .Miiiinhly   (rod    infused  so   idmn 
dantly  into  her  soul,  she  did  not   feel  her  heart  attached  to 
worldly  thin^fM,  she  confessed  that  it  was  iniitowHihle  for  her 


■W" 


if  ilOfNoFU.V.l 


mi 


I 


tiiply  wlili  lilt  ir 
lllililly    I»I«)Wh; 

I  I'oif  i>(  Mifi'ly 

li'llllllv    MTflMll 
I>lll^*itl|i7.  oil    tilt* 

I  of  iigi'.     TIiIh 

I'Vttll   flu-  Silillf 

Uvv. 

•IiiudMi  Known 
iiliM',  tint  it  Im, 
U)j:  Imly  \MiH  II 
cluinitil  It.  At 
niiiK«'  Iht  |i!ihh 

silllH'l'.       \  t'l   ^u 

ln-r  coiir'-ooiH 

•r  :il>s()liitioti  in 

vvitli  HI  iiiMty 

It  f  lit'  WlIN  Ill'Vfl' 

!•.  or  to  f'lid  ilif 

otlids.  'I'llt'ln 
i>  iiiiiioyann'  to 
i-r  f(»  (onvcif***; 

IIICIS    llliitll-    lu'l' 

iioniy  Miiti  lliiit 
tilt'  liad  not  itM 

icrHiil.  tlmt  IImm 
li  !iniiiiiil«'(l  li«>i> 
•  uliicli  slir  liiid 
art,  and  had  .^o 
liat.  nIic  was.  ia- 
'.vc  so  Jiassinii- 
of  liic  (Icli^ilits 
fused  so  alaiii- 
■ait  attaclicd  to 
Itossihlc  lor  Ikt 


to  tliiiiii  of  ilii'in,  or  to  takf  tlif  li'ti.tt  |)li'tiNUi'>  itt  llt<  ni.  My 
IIiIn  wniidrrful  tli'tui'ltuu'nl  fiitiii  rrMUliiii'N,  MJic  ultailh'd  ton 
I'ai'f  purity  of  In-art,  in  xoni**  di'Ki*'*'  Hiinitai'  to  that  uhirjt 
tli»»  am,'fl<4  I M »•««••,««>«  hy  till'  |»llvll»'n»'  of  tht'ir  llafnii'. 

Ih-r  spirit  of  pftiann',  tli**  tiiatk  <>f  liic  triii*  (liii^lian,  wa4 
not  |i».<t  Mt.irvfloiiH.  Ity  loi^  iiaiiiin;^  nlto  fMUi-iii'd  an  (Ih* 
hMil-'liiiiK  di'jjfi't'f  of  ahsiiia'iirt'.  Ofo-ti  fi>i'  tin*  span*  of 
twftttv  lour  lioiiiN  xliM  uoiilil  tali)'  iiotliiti;;  Imt  a  picn*  of 
Incad  and  •'.  litili'  wat«'i.  'Iliis  ntn^i  iia>«'  l>»^ii  at  llm 
i«x|M»»!*i»  of  jri'»»af  Niiffriiiu,  for  tli«»  i>xfr»'MH'  In-at  of  I't'iii  U 
vt'i'y  •'xlia/<'«tlv«' «»f  pliysiral  strtnKtIi. 

haiiiii,'  iln'  las!  l.-w  ni-ihs  uf  h.-r  liff.  Uom'  lu'cii-lonu'd 
liiTti'lf  to  fast  ill  I  III'  followin.;  iniinin'i':  Sln'  ohsi'ivi-d  \i't'y 
utrirtly  tli««  fast  of  la-r  Oidi-r  fintn  iln*  festival  of  tli«'  Kxalta- 
tloii  «>f  lliM  Holy  ''ros  iiniil  Kiist»'r  Sunday.  Kioin  iho 
h»'ifitinintf  of  lii'iif.  sill'  It'ff  oir  hivad,  roiiti-ntiiiK  ln'i'sclf  wiili 
U  fi'W  oiaiiK''  pippins  i'\i'iy  da\  ol  tlir  forty  thai  ale  const'- 
I'latt'tl  to  [itnantt'.  On  l-'iithiys  ^||l•  tuok  only  live.  Sho 
nt»»  HO  liiflf  timing  tin' rest  i>f  the  year,  that  what  she  loolv 
In  eiju;ht  tlays  was  siareely  siillleierit  noiiii-hnient  for  tufnty- 

foiii    hours.      Ind I,  she  was  '.aown  to  aiake  a  inot|t>rale- 

Mi/.ei|  loaf  anti  a  pifeher  of  water  last  lilty  days.  Hut  uliat 
HHi'iiis  tnirai'iiltMis  in  her  austerities,  Is  that  the  Saint  deiivi d 
more  stren;;th  from  ln-r  fasts  than  from  the  I'ooil  width  shu 
louli. 

Rose  likewise  itaiiy  ehasfisetl  lier  luxly  wiih  instruments 
of  penance,  so  nnieli  so,  tint  her  eollfessors  were  olilip'tl 
to  it'strit't  her  in  tiie  iis.-  ul'  tiu'm.  After  she  lieeame  a  nun, 
.she  was  not  conlent  witli  a  eonimon  sort  of  tlisclplinc.  Slat 
made  one  for  herself,  eom posed  of  two  iron  ehains.  and  used 
it  tiaily  with  ne'reiless  sev.'iity.  She  tli'.eipliiied  herself, 
lii'st.  ft>r  Iter  own  sins;  secondly,  for  all  souls  etitrau'ed  in 
sill  ;    li^ivdly,    for  the   ju-essinif  necessities  of  the    Churtln 

'  |)!irliv/HiiMvlinloroiir»i'ii{  her  lifi—wlilch  lii-ti'il  ihlrtv-mic  yi'iirx-xlif  \vii«  ni'ViT  uiillty  "f 
the -I'Mlili-t  full  iiL'iiiii"!  piirlly;  mimI.mIiiiI  I"  i-nmillilii;;  mir!Miiloii«.  »lii'  \ni»  iicirr  I'Vcii  iin- 
wilji'il  »lili  iliriMulil"  cotilian  t(,  ilmt  holy  iiiiil  hiaiillliil  ■.Irtm  Ami  \M'  l«  ji  |)il\ilc':!r  imt 
ariilili  1  til  111!  iiM)-l  1  luTl«lii'il  Mini  fiiiorrcl -Mint-  (if  (icicl,  KIimh  Iririinl  |irli-l-,  "Ix  IIuiiiIiiI- 
niii  I  III  1  11m  .loiilu,  «lio  liiiii  neural  tlmi."i  heard  her  «•  iut.iI  cuiifi— •lull*,  ili'imscil  IliU  on  llnlr 
Mili'niii  iiaili. 


r 


318 


ST.  ROSE  OF  LIMA. 


foiiitlily,  for  Lima  or  IV-ru,  wlicji  tlirt'jitfiicd  with  any  \:vv\\i 
inisfortmit," ;  lil'thly,  for  the  souls  in  piir^Mtory ;  Hixtlily.  I'or 
thos(.'  in  tlicir  last  aj-uny  ;  and,  srvmthly,  in  reparation  of 
the  outrages  ollVrfd  to  AliMii;lity  (Jod. 

Tin- bed  IJosc  used- and  wliich  she  const rudcd  lirrs»'lf— 
was  in  tlu'  form  of  a  ron^li  woitdt-n  l)ox.  Into  it  she  l>ut  a 
quantity  of  small  stones  of  dilVerent  sizes,  that  her  l)ody 
mi,i!,ht  sull'er  more  and  more,  and  miuht  not  enjoy  the  re- 
poM'  which  a  smoother  (•(uich  would  have  all'oided  Nor 
did  this  seem  liard  enouj-h.  She  afterwaids  addt  d  i>ieces 
of  wood  and  broken  tiles;  and  such  was  the  luxurious  bed 
on  which  this  youn.ir,  delictite,  ami  beautiful  <ilrl  took  the 
rest  necessary  to  recruit  her  exhausted  strength  i'oi'  tlu' 
Hpact  of  lifteen  yt.-ars! 

When  some  good  persons,  tliiHtiiiih  cliarity,  entreated  tlu; 
Saint  to  moderate  her  austerities,  she  answered:  "As  I  can- 
not do  any  good,  is  it  not  just  that  I  shoukl  sulVer  whatever 
lam  capal)le  of  sulVeringf 

Rose's  body  being  so  obedient  to  the  laws  of  lier  nnml, 
and  her  mind  so  perfectly  submissive  to  the  will  of  (»od,  it 
is  not  surprising  to  learn  that  even  irrational  creatures  re- 
spected her  virtue.  The  dampness  of  the  earth,  and  the 
ioliage  of  the  trees  which  sui-roumh'd  her  little  hermitage, 
dreu"  thither  a  countless  multitude  of  mos(]uitoes.  It  is 
well  known  how  these  small,  malicious  busybodies  love  the 
shade,  and  take  such  a  (lueer  delight  in  ceaselessly  annoy- 
ing all  who  are  within  their  reach.  Hut  there  was  one  wiiom 
they  touched  not.  It  was  Rose.  >'ot  one  of  the  legion  of 
mosquitoes  that  covei-ed  the  walls,  windows,  and  dooi's  of 
her  gard(>n  cell  presumed  to  annoy  her.  On  the  contrary, 
thej^showed  so  much  respect  for  the  purity  and  sanctity  of 
her  person  that  thev  seemed  to  honor  in  her  the  sovereign 
power  of  the  good  (iod  who  had  created  them.  To  the 
Saint's  mother,  however,  and  other  persons  who  came  to 
visit  her,  the  mo^quitoes  exhibited  no  such  marked  defer- 


.  \f„.rtheSainlV,I,.ntl..  M„rv  „f  r.atcL-m  kq.t  son,.' links  of  tl,l.  .Ii«np1inr  wl.kh  it  Is  «.i,l. 
exlmlea  .o  swo.t  an  o.lor  tlmt  all  who  cxamlircd  llicm  were  oblife'od  to  confo.s  that  .o  strani-e  a 
phenomonon  was  bupcruatural, 


with  miy  p'cat 
y ;  sixthly,  for 
I  i('i)avati<>n  of 

M'lcd  h»'rself — 

(I  if  she  JiUt  !l 
licit  ln'i'  Inidy 
enjoy  thf  vt'- 
alldldrd  N(»l' 
*  addtd  i>i('('('s 
'  luxurious  lit'd 
I  <ilrl  took  the 
length  i'or    tlio 

,  enticatrd  the 
>d:  "As  I  can- 
!iiiHV'i'  whatever 

s  of  her  mind, 
will  of  (lod,  it 
\\  cicatures  re- 
earth,  and  the 
ttle  herinitaps 
'^quitoes.  It  is 
hodies  love  the 
selesslv  annov- 
>  was  one  whom 
if  the  leiiioii  of 
s,  and  doors  of 
!i  the  contrary, 
and  sanctity  of 
r  the  sovereifi'ii 
them.  To  the 
s  wlio  came  to 
;  marked  defer- 


»riplinc,  wtiich  it  Is  said, 
oiifoss  tlint  1-0  strniij^e  u 


ST.  iinsr,  or  i.ima. 


WW) 


ence.  They  attacked  all  comers  with  that  vl-jor  nnd  vencmi 
for  which  they  are  so  n'liowiied  even  to  this  day  in  the 
backwoods  of  America. 

Ill  the  last  year  of  her  life,  a  bird  whos(^  melody  was  most 
charmin,!,^  l)laced  itself  oi>i>osite  her  room  durin-;-  the  wlioltj 
season  of  L"i»t.     As  soon  as  the  sun  be<,^in  to  sink  in  the 

west,  i?os 'deivd  the  little  warbler  to  employ  its  notes  in 

l)raisiii,u'  (Jod.  The  bird  obeyrd,  and,  raising  its  tiny  v».ice, 
it  sang  vigorously,  until  the  Saint,  unwilling  to  be  (.iitdoiu' 
in  olfering  canticles  (d' praise  and  benediction  !<»  (okI,  began 
mo^t  sweetly  to  sing  hymns  to  Ilis  glory.  Wln'ii  she  had 
linished,  the  little  songster  of  the  grove  comnienceil  again, 
and  thus  together  the  Saint  and  the  bird  composed  a  clntir  in 
which  they  sang  alternately  for  rn  hour  the  jnaises  of  the 
Almighty.'  At  six  (»* clock,  she  dismissed  her  little  ft-atliered 
comiianion  till  next  day,  and  so  punctual  was  it  that  never 
did  it  fail  to  ai>i)ear  at  the  time  lixed ! 


:  \ 


mi. 


I 


c'llAPTKU   ni. 

ALON<;  TIIK  STKAimiT  AND  NAIMtOW  WAY. 

/fovc'.y  sj>/n'/  nf  fHii iji'i'  —  Ili'i'  tlup  iiisiy/d  inhi  (Iw  //i>/s- 
/rn'i'S  o/'  /t'fi;fio/i  A  t(n'iiitii(»'i'  (it  hoiiir — l^nsdnt inn  — 
i<ivJcii>'.s.s  -T he Sii i iW .s  vhiirHij— lit r  vohfuh lice  in  ^loil — 
Slu'  h'nniH  of  the  (hiij  o/'  In  r  dutlli  bij  nr<  lotion  —  Ih  r 
la>il  s)iJ)'(U'in(/'i  -Till'  i nd. 

Tlio  piillj  tliaf  ItNids  to  s;untlirie«s  is,  it  is  tnu\  Ji  sti'iiiulit 
nnd  narrow  oiit^ ;  but  it  lins  its  ])in>'  joys,  iiiid  |ic:ict'.  iiiul 
Ix'aiitit's,  nnd  cons(»liitions.  Many  wcic  the  cxiiaordiiiiiry 
jfiaccs  wliicli  (tod  hcstowrd  iiiioii  tliis  lioly  AiiuM'icaii  lady; 
and  (Miiist  oncn  in  a  vision  callt'd  \u*v  sonl  his  S])onst*. 

'*'I'lit>  niort'  a  man  is  iiinlcd  witliin  Idnisclf.  and  inti'- 
rioily  sinl|>l»^"'  writes  tin'  antlior  ol"  Tlir  Iniihilion  of 
Christ,  "thf  more  and  hiulier  thin^is  does  lie  nndt'istand 
without  labor,  I'or  he  ivcfivcs  tlie  liulit  of  nndt'isiandiiiu- 
I'liiai  above.  A  jmuv.  sinij)!"',  and  steady  spirit  is  not  dissi- 
l)ate(l  l)y  a  niiillitiide  of  alTairs,  becanse  he  ]H'it'oi  ins  them 
all  to  the  honor  of  (lod,  and  endeavors  to  beat  rest  wiiliin 
Inniseli',  and  Free  from  all  se<'kinij;  of  himsell'.'" 

If  was  thns  with  Hose  of  Lima.  The  supernatural  liiihts 
with  which  (iod  enriched  lier  nnderstandinu-  intlanied  her 
lieart  uilh  Mciidenr  a  h>ve  for  ])r;iyi-i'.  Ilia;  ;ven  sleep  itseU 
could  ni»t  distract  hei'  from  it.  So  completely  absorbed  was 
lier  im;i,uination  in  this  holy  exercise,  that  she  was  often 
lieard  to  i-epeat  whilt>  asleep  tin*  same  number  (d"  vocal 
l)rayers  as  she  had  said  duiin<i  the  day. 

She  meditated  <  very  day  for  three  honi's  on  the  benefits  of 
C!od.  and  tin?  cout.tless  trraces  she  had  received  from  His 
mercy.  Her  vocal  prayer  was  continual.  Indeed,  it  is  be- 
yond the  power  o'.  our  imagination  to  conceive  how,  thongli 
320 


Hr.  IIOSH  OF  LIMA 


WAY. 

'  ill  hi  llif  itll/s- 
-Pi  rxmition  — 
(hlii'i'  ill  ^iiiil — 
•inliitioii — III  r 


tint'.  Ji  sti'iii,i:lif 
iiiid  jn'Mct'.  iiiid 
'  ('xiiiKiKliiiiiiy 
\iiieri(';iii  I:i(lv  ; 

ISclf.  !1I1(1  illt!'- 
''    Jill  ilill iuii     of 

ln'  iiiKlt'istinid 

Uli(lt'isl;ill(lill,ii' 

irit  is  not  (lissi- 

poi't'oniis  tlit'in 

I'  ill  ivst  Willi i:i 

M'nntiinil  liulits 
u-  iiilliiiiM'd  licr 
•vt>n  slccj)  iiscU 
y  ii))s()il)Hl  was 
slit'  was  ol'lt'ii 
miber  td"  vocal 

I  tlit^  bt'iit'fifs  t)i' 
'ivt'd  from  His 
ndccd,  it  is  1m^- 
\w  how,  tliougli 


till'  idt'scncf  of  (Jod  t'litirt'jy  t'liifrossi'd  all  tiif  iiilcrlor  [.ow- 
t'ls  oi"  luT  soul,  sill'  slill  actt'd  in  fxtfiior  tilings  wiih  j;rt'at 
I»ii'S(Mic('  of  mind,  ^ivimr  tin"  jirojH'r  answers  to  t|iirsiioiis, 
and  caivfully  (inisliiiii;  any  wtirk  sin-  foinmi'iicfd.  Wlifii 
ill  cliiiivli  slm  kt'pt  litT  I'yt's  li.M-d  on  tlic  altar,  and  iifvcr 
looked  at  anytliiii;;'  els;'.  Thus,  acroidini,'  to  thi-  advifc  of 
till'  Holy  Hi);»k,  sh  '  k<'i»l  (Jod  in  her  mind  all  llic  days  of 
lifP  lift'. 

Till'  Aliiiiyhty  nnvaidi'd  this  purity  and  simplicity  of 
mind  l>y  ,i,dvin,i;  her  a  tlccp  insight  into  the  most  profound 
mysiciit's  of  religion.  Some  learned  tlieolouiaiis  heaiiiiij; 
of  this,  had  the  curiosity  to  conversi'  with  her  on  such  siih- 
iinie  suhjet^ts  MS  tlm  Hlesseil  Trinity,  the  Incai'iiatioii.  j-race, 
and  predestination;  and  after  a  Ion;;'  conference,  they  con- 
fessed that  they  had  never  known  a  more  eiiliirhteiied  soul, 
and  that  the  Saint  had  not  ac(iuirt,'d  the  knowled^-e  of  tliesi.' 
elevated  truths  of  faith  by  thtj  viviuiity  of  her  mind,  or  by 
a])plicatiou  to  study. 

iiiit  there  is  another  feature  in  lier  candor  to  whicli  wci 
must  devote  a  few  w):vU.  .Vs  thorns  spriu'j;  forth  with 
roses,  sf)  j^rief  and  ]>aiii  seem  to  have  been  born  with  the 
lilessed  liosi'.  Her  life  was  one  loiin'  chain  of  siilferinu's, 
sickness,  pains,  and  cross,  s.  which  exercised  her  paiieiice 
from  the  cradle  to  the  toml)  by  a  tedious  martyrdoiii. 

The  sweet  disposition  and  relin'ious  spirit  of  the  Saint 
were  often  severely  tried  hy  the  passionate  tetiiiter  of  her 
mother,  who  found  fault  with  everythinir  her  daimhter  did. 
She  couilemiied  her  reserve,  blamed  her  fasts,  disliked  her 
takiim'  up  so  much  time  in  i)rayer  and  retirement  so  op- 
](osed  to  the  maxims  of  the  world  ;  and  for  these  reasons 
she  often  sctildetl  Hose,  and  went  so  far  as  to  use  a  thou- 
sand abusive  ejiithcts,  ns  if  she  had  been  an  infamous  ])er- 
soii.  At  the  least  provocatitui  she  yave  her  blows  on  tlie 
cheek,  but  when  she  was  carried  away  by  the  fiiryof  an^er, 
she  put  no  bounds  to  her  ni'.ilicious  abuse.  She  even  as- 
sailed her  dau,i,diter  with  blows  and  kicks;  and  on  one  oc- 
casion she  took  SI  thick,  knotty  stick  and  struck  her  with  all 
her  strenuth.     She  be"an  to  treat  Kose  thus  when  she  cut 


n52 


sr  li'tsi-:  OF  i.nr.x. 


oir  li.T  liMir.  after  haviiiu;  ooiiscrratcd  li.'i'  virginity  to  fJcd. 
and  sln' rotitiuucd  tins  .simu  treatiufiit  on  many  otln-r  oc- 
i'asioiis. 

Tliosf  with  whom  the  lioly  hc'ioliic  livt-d  were  also  nctii- 
at»'d  towards  her  by  the  vil.'st  f.«..lin«s  <il*  envy  and  vexa- 
ti(.n,  and  all  beeanse  they  smm  Ikt  lead  a  life  ,m»  dilVerent 
IVoni  theirs.  To  disobli-iv  tmd  annoy  her,  lh<'y  did  every- 
tiiini;' in  iheir  power.  'Plie\  ev.'ii  threatened  to  report  lier 
to  the  Impiisition  as  a  deluded  j-irl  and  a  hypocrite,  who 
wawiU'ceivinj^  the  world  by  a  false  appeaiance  of  virtue! 

Sickness  came  npcm  her  in  all  sorts  of  shapes.  She 
was  three  years  in  bed  a  jtaralvtic.  sidVerin.u;  ^ireat  tortnre 
without  slieddinti;  a  tear,  (^r  makin.u'  the  Itast  complaint. 
These  dlswises  arose  from  dllTerent  causes,  which  all  united 
in  her  body  to  ^'iv*'  lier  an  increase  of  torture.  Kven  the 
])1iysicians  were  sur]>rised  to  see  her  sulVe  "on,L^  soine- 

tin'ies  from  tertian,  scmietimes  from  quartan  fevers,  which 
made  her  burn  with  heat  and  then  shiver  with  cold;  for  so 
dried  up  and  attenuated  was  Iwr  body  that  tla-re  seemed  to 
be  scarcely  anythin^•  rejuaiidn.i--  to  nourish  fever. 

On  her  part!  this  heroic  woman  adored  the  hand  of  (Jod 
in  her  inlirnuties,  acknowled^dn«r  that  they  did  not  proceed 
in  her  fiom  any  derani^^ement  of  tie  system,  as  is  the  case 
Avith  (ttiuMs,  but  from  the  jiarticidar  dispensation  of  Christ, 
who  sent  them  to  exeicise  her  patience  and  to  furnish  her 
with  opportuidties  of  ^inice  and  merit.  She  was  a  dau-hter 
of  amicti(m.  lint  in  the  nndst  of  her  pains  and  sorrows, 
she  would  look  at  her  crucill.x,  and  exclaim:  ''Oh,  .lesus, 
increase  my  sulf>'rinj,'s.  but  incr.Ms,»  alsf>  Thy  divine  love  in 

niv  soul  1" 

llei-  charity  was  lioundless.  One  day  when  she  had  noth- 
inu-  t(»  fiive  li  poor  woman,  who  be,u<ivd  her  for  the  love  of 
God  to  give  Ikm'  some  old  clothes  to  cover  her  jxior  little 
half-naked  children,  liose  took  a  large  cloak  b(>longing  to 
her  motlu'r,  and  without  any  permission  beyond  that  which 
she  interiorly  received  from  God,  wlio  inspiied  her  to  per- 
form this  action,  she  Icstowed  it  niion  the  nnhai)py  mendi- 
cant.    Her  mother  was  displeased  with  this  sort  of  liberal- 


.S7'.  A'O.s/v  or  I.IM.X. 


\m 


jiinify  to  Hod, 
laiiy  other  <)(■• 

ven*  itls(»  actii- 
nvv  !Ui<l  v«>xii- 

« 

iff  f-o  (lilVeiTiif 
licy  (lid  cvny- 

I  |(»  rt'iKH't  Iht 
liypocritc.  who 
•('  ol"  virliicl 

if  shiijM's.  She 
H  jiiciit   lortiiic! 

list  coiiipliiint. 

hich  all  imitt-d 

HIT.     l''.ven  the 

Mnii:.  soiru'- 

II  t'fvcis,  wliicli 
th  •'(iM;  for  so 
hcif  si'ciiicd  to 

'Vt'l'. 

It'  liaiul  of  Ooil 
ilid  not  jn-ocfcd 
,  as  is  the  case 
atioii  of  (Miiisf, 
to  furnish  her 
was  a  (laii.iihttT 
IS  and  sorrows, 
i:  ''Oil,  .Icsiis, 
y  diviiu!  love  in 

'n  she  liad  notli- 
for  the  love  of 
■  her  jioor  little 
ak  belon.iriiiir  to 
^ond  that  which 
lii'ed  her  to  jier- 
nnhajipy  niendi- 
s  sort  ot  liberal- 


ity; hut  tile  Saint  limnhly  entreated  hernot  to  ho  uneasy; 
ami  assured  her  that  Alniitility  (lod  w<»ulil  make  lier  a 
return  far  heyond  the  cost  of  her  cloak.  Nor  was  slm 
deceived  in  her  expectations.  Diirin^^  the  same  day  a  stran- 
U-er  caint!  in  and  ^^ave  her  lifty  pieces  of  nn»ney.  'I'hive  tiays 
alter,  a  lady  sent  her  l»y  a  servant  a  piece  of  cloth  lariiv 
enoimh  to  make  another  cloak;  and  the  Dominicans  added 
to  this  hy  sendiiin-  her  another  line  piece  of  <'lotli. 

Hose  iiiade  herself  the  atten<lant  and  inlirmarian  of  the 
poor.  She  took  Inmie  with  her  .lane  de  r.ovadilla.  a  vouii.l? 
orphan  lady,  wlii>.  besides  her  j.';reat  i»overty.  had  a  cancer  in 
her  I. least,  of  which  no  one  could  hear  the  iusiipportahle 
olor  (h.  [  r.'vealel  h.'r  cdilitioii  to  the  Saint.  She  went 
immediately  to  see  the  unlortunate  ^irl,  oll'eied  to  wait  upon 
her  iind  tliat  she  mi-ht  l»e  able  to  do  it,  >he  persuaded  her 
to  come  to  her  father's  house,  where  she  could  render  her 
every  kind  of  assistsince.  Still,  as  the  Saiul  knew  that  her 
mother  was  a  lilfle  too  much  attached  to  her  own  interests, 
she  told  her  patient  that  she  would  hire  a  room  intheh(iuse, 
and  that  she  woiild  ^ive  her  the  money  to  jKiy  for  herself, 
only  itMpiirinii;  that  the  you nn'  lady  should  keeii  this  a  se- 
civt.  Hose  hired  the  room,  brought  Miss  de  Hovadilla  to  it, 
charitably  waited  ui)oii  her,  ami  worked  more  than  usual  to 
obtain  the  money  necessary  bir  the  payment  of  the  lod,niii^% 
which  the  young  lady  <lid  not  (iiiit  till  she  was  perfectly  re- 
('((Vered. 

A  little  while  after,  her  mother  beranie  ac<piaiiited  with 
the  b)regoin,u' case,  and  <rave  her  leave  to  brin-i-  home  sick 
persons.  On  reci'ivin.u;  this  p 'iinissiou,  Hos*  exercised  her 
cha.rity  towards  the  poor  women  and  uirls  whom  she  met  in 
the  streets,  whatever  miuht  be  their  condition.  Nor  was 
she  satislied  with  merely  .liiviiiij;  them  a  lodiiinji'.  She 
nursed  them,  made  tlu-ir  beds,  dressed  their  ulcers,  washed 
their  clothes,  and,  in  short,  rendered  them  every  sort  of 
r.ervice,  niakin.u'  no  distinction  between  the  S]»aniard  and 
the  Indian,  the  free  and  the  slave,  the  European  or  tlie 
African  XeiiTo. 
We  are  told  in  the  Holy  Book  that  the  shadow  of  St. 


\i-2l 


ST.  lins/-:  OF  LIMA. 


IVit'i  rcMtorcd  tlw  sick  f<>  lu-iilth.  'I'lic  nuTf  siu'Iil  nl'  mir 
Siiiiit  ol'trii  fir»'ftf(l  11  nii'e.  On  oiif  (irt-nsioii  I)uii  .lolni 
(T AliiiiiMsii,  a  ;4;('iitl*>iiiiiti  of  liiuli  rank.  In'iiijx  (lann't'ioiisiy 
ill,  (It'sii't'd  vt'iy  imidi  to  spraU  (u  Ko^f  oiirc  ni(»rt'  hcfdrf  Iih 
ilit'd.  Slit' went  tu  st'p  liiiii,  toalluid  liini  \\\\s  ^alislariidM. 
Wht'u  lln'  saintly  lady  eiitfh'd  his  room,  he  ifinaikcd  (|iiit«' 
a  li<'av»'idy  iM-aiity  <*ii  luT  piiic  ctnintciunicc,  I'loin  uliicli  In* 
foiict'iv<'(l  a  linn  Iio|m'  that  she  uould  (ililain  his  cnn'  I'loin 
Almighty  <»od,  \vln»  alone  (-(Hild  raise  him  I'ldni  the  sad 
state  to  which  he  was  rednced.  While  she  was  speakiiiic 
to  him,  he  Tell  asleep  with  this  (•(>ns(»lin<f  thonuhi  in  his 
mind,  and  awoke  as  iteil'ectly  recovered  as  il'  lu'  had  never 
been  ill  I 

Like  her  ('harity,  onr  Saint's  childlike  c((nlidence  in  ({oil 
was  wonderful.  One  day,  seeinji"  that  there  was  n<»  money 
in  the  hoiis(?  to  buy  provisions,  or  a  bit  of  bread  to  eat,  she 
wfiit  to  open  the  chest  in  the  assurance  that  the  Almiuhty, 
\vli<»  innt'i' abandons  those  who  trust  in  hins.  woidd  provide 
for  thos(^  so  dear  to  lier.  She  was  not  deceived.  She  found 
the  bi-ead-chest  full  of  loaves,  whiter  and  of  a  diirei'ent 
.shape  from  the  oties  they  wei-e  accustomed  to  eat. 

On  anothei'  occasion  the  supply  ot  honey-  which  is  mncii 
used  in  I'eru— haviim  failed,  and  her  brotliers  havini; 
brought  woffl  that  there  was  not  a  sin<iie  diop  remaiidnir. 
Hose,  full  of  conlidence  in(Jo(l,  went  to  the  place,  and  found 
tlie  vessel  ipntt!  full  of  exct;llent  honey.  It  lasted  the  family 
eiii'ht  months. 

When  her  fatlier,  Gasper  Flore/,  was  sick  and  weiuhed 
down  with  sorrow  at  not  beinu;  able  to  pay  the  sum  of  fifty 
livres  which  he  owed,  and  which  he  was  pressed  to  return, 
Hose  was  inlormed  of  the  atfair.  She  went  to  the  church 
and  beuued  of  Christ  to  assist  iiim  on  the  occasion,  and  not 
to  allow  her  parent  to  be  i)tit  to  confusion.  As  she  returned 
slie  saw  a  stranu'er  enter  the  house.  lie  uave  her  fathei-  a 
little  purse,  which  contained  jirecisely  the  sum  wan((.'d  to 
satisfy  his  creditor.  On  many  other  occasions,  in  the  jrreat 
necessities  to  which  her  family  was  often  reduced,  (tod 
favored  its  menjbers  by  miraculous   moans,  to  reward  the 


■  i»«wL»  I  J  i*jm' 


ST.  ItOftR  OF  USrA 


335 


siu'Iil  (if  oiir 
>ii  liiiti  .lolm 
:  (hmp'i'oiiKly 
i(»rt'  Ix'fdrc  liM 
s  Milisfjicfioii. 
iiiiii'ki'd  (|iiit(> 
loiii  \\lii('li  li<> 
Ills  cure  fifini 
ri'uiM  ilit>  siul 
wiis  spi'iikiiii; 
iDiiulit  ill  Ills 
lie  had  never 

lelicc  in  (lOil 
Nils  IK)  lliont'y 
id  to  ent,  she 
he  Aliiiiulity, 
(tiild  pKtvide 
1.  Slie  found 
t'  a  (liireient 
■at. 

*  hich  is  luiicii 
Iheis  haviiii;; 
tp  reiiiaiiiini;-, 
ce,  and  i'ound 
ed  tile  I'aiuilv 

and  weiii'JK'd 
sum  ol"  lil'tv 
ed  to  redini, 
o  Ihe  chnifii 
sion,  and  not 
i  she  returned 
her  I'atlier  5i 
in  wanted  to 
,  in  tlie  fxreat 
•educed,  (iod 
o  rtnvard  tlio 


Saint's  ailmirable  eonfideiice  in  Ills  alniiglity  power  and 
goodness 

lios-  learned  l>y  revelation  tliaf  she  would  die  on  the  l-'es. 
tival  of  Sf.  Hirtholoinew,  and  when  she  reached  her  thiity- 
llrst  V'-ar  wiiich  she  knew  she  would  not  live  to  c(»in|ile(e 
— slie  made  the  wile  of  Don  (^m/iile;',.  her  great  lu'iielactor 
and  th"  protector  ol'  hei-  family,  acqii;',inted  with  the  day 
and  place  oi'  her  death.  She  was  in  p.-rfecl  health  when 
she  commuuicaled  this  sa«t  iiN'lligence. 

(lod  likewise  enlightened  our  Saint  as  to  the  cNtrenie  suf- 
ferings silH  was  to  endure  at  the  rlose  of  her  h«»ly  .'illd  hum- 
ble Hie.  Heshoweil  lief  their  llUUlber,  aiid  revealed  to  her 
that  hi-r  pains  would  he  so  violent  tiuit  each  memln'r  of  tier 
liody  would  have  its  own  particular  torment.  She  was  tcdd 
thai  slie  would  have  to  suH'-r  tin-  same  thirst  wiiicii  tor- 
mented our  Blessed  Iledeemer  oil  the  ('roHS,  and  also  a 
burning  iieat  wliich  would  diy  up  the  very  marrow  in  h<'r 
bones.  Ibit  the  heroine  trembled  not  at  the  thought  (>f  tlu:-« 
woeful  species  of  martyrdom. 

i)\\  the  night  <if  the  1st  of  August,  "Rose  retired  to  lier 
room  in  perfect  health;  but  at  midnight  she  wiis  heard  pite- 
ously  crying  and  moaning.  The  wife  of  l)(»i'  (Jon/.ale/,  at 
wli(),s(»  house  she  lived,  hasteii<'d  to  the  Saint's  room,  and 
found  lu'r  exteiKh'il  on  the  lloor,  half  dead,  cold,  pulseless, 
motionli'ss,  and  scarcely  breathing. 

Skilled  physicians  were  at  oiiee  summoned;  and  after  a 
most  careful  iliagnosi;;  they  all  declared  t^iat  lier  infirmities 
ai;d  sulTeringswere  beyond  human  endiiran  -e.  and  that  smdi  a 
union  of  incomi)!  tible  symptoms  was  something  truly 
miraculous.  They  were  of  opinion,  in  slioii.  that  her  illness 
was  not  natural,  but  that  the  hand  of  (Jod  had  sent  the  tor- 
ments whi<di  thus  alHicted  His  servant.  As  for  Hose  lu'i'self, 
in  the  midst  of  lier  agonies  of  pain,  she  exhibited  the  great- 
est peace  oi  mind,  and  continually  thanked  all  who  at- 
tended her  for  their  kindness  and  devotion. 

At  length, her  last  hour  aitived.  Il  was  towards  midnight, 
and  a  mysterious  noise  warned  her  that  the  angel  of  death 
had  come.     She  received  the  announcement  with  joy.     Just 


n-i(J 


AT  nosfi  OF  i.iM.y. 


i 


li 


l)t*for»»  t'Xiiirlnjr,  sli«'  ivniM-stfil  Iht  broth,  r  to  n'lnov*-  tlif 
liolsl.T  I'lOiii  iM'iU'iitli  Ih'I'  li»'a(l,  iiiul  lo  pliu-t'  soiih'  |ti.'c.'s 
ol"  wnnd  ill  ilH  sttjul.  \h'  ct'initlit'd,  and  sli»'  lliaiiknl  litin 
f(.r  this  last  ad  of  kiiKliifss.  Sin-  plii.vd  ht-r  \uw\  upon  thf 
jii.MTs  of  wudd,  to  (li»',  iiM  it  vv.'iv.  upon  u  sort  of  Cross,  and 
isaid  twice,  ".It'siw  bewiiii  iiit'l"  and  thus  passed  away  to 
its  heavenly  home  Ihe  pure  and  heaulirul  soul  of  America's 
liist  Saint,  Hos.-  ol"  liima.  Her  precious  dealli  look  plac 
uii  ihe-Jlth  of  Au^Mist,  tlie  I'V-ast  ol"  St.  Harlholoniew.  in  the 

year  l<U7.' 

So  lovely  did  death  itsi-lf  appear  \\])<m  her  counts-nance, 
that  thosp  who  remarkeil  the  freshness  of  her  complexion 
and  the  retlness  of  her  lips,  which  weic  separated  so  as  ti» 
form  a  i>leasin«  smile,  (haihted  for  a  lonix  lime  whether  her 
Hoiil  had  rwdly  <piitted  the  body.  They  heh.lil  so  much 
briirhtiiess  in  her  eyes,  and  such  app;irent  marks  of  lile, 
Hull  they  could  not  i)e  satisfied  till  they  had  placed  a  mirros- 
before  her  mcmth,  and  perceiveil  that  she  did  m.t  in  the  least 
tarnish  it  with  her  breath.  Then  they  knew  that  their  holy 
Iriend  had  forever  bade  adieu  to  the  scenes  o(  this  world. 


lOii  llu-««m.'  iilKlil  «  U.ly  n»m...l  .\l...v-l,.  .!.•  s.rnin..  IumI  «  r.*.lMll.m  „f  il,r  n,  m  -  .l.alli. 

„„.!  «,  It,,.. ,1  -h,.  Im.l  i.r..n,l..  .1  o„,.  ,.no.li.T  Ihul  ll »■  « V-l  IliM  «nnl.    ..mk-   .  kn.mn 

,„,l,. „.r,  ll„-..k,|.i  l..r .1  uml  liitormfa  Ikt  frUbd  uf  Utnlclh  anJ  of  lhUmi.i.lm» -li« 

wion'ii.-J-'ul/iir  J-'iiillUt,  (J.  2'. 


I 


^i 


'    SOIIH'     pifCt'S 

tliatikt'il  htiM 
lii'iid  ii|>on  till* 

ol'  Cl'ttss,  illl<t 

;is«<t'<l  away  lo 
I  of  Aiiiciica's 
iili  took  |ila<'(' 
iloiiu'w,  ill  the 

coiiiitt'nanct', 
iT  compli'xiou 
nitnl  so  as  ti) 
t'  wlu'tlii'i'  \n'V 
lii'ld  so  iiiiM'h 
marks  ol'  lift'. 
)la('i-(l  a  iiiinoi' 
iioi  in  tin*  It'ast 
iliat  ilit'iilioly 
ol'  this  world. 

Ill  nr  III!'  Sllllll''  ili'lllll. 
I  wdiilil  iiiiiki'  II  known 
nil  u[  tU'  lia|i|.ilii'M  cliu 


ClIArTKIlTV. 

MinArl,!;s    AM»   (   VNoNIZATIoy. 

JC.r(tifiiniffio/t  n/'  o/ir  /niiit/ii  if  (f/iff  i  ii/lihi  iirrmms — .1  risit 
to  (In'  Sain Cx  (imih  \V /mf  o  f>li usifinii  stiip  -Tlir  rh- 
in/ts  o/' ff  /iiiuis  fmh/  Si  it  in  is  founrlni  Tii'i)  /Hfftinis 
rnisiii  to  lift  Au  iiu'iirnhlf  nrni  ciiikI  .1  /><"»/•  r///; 
pic  liviilid  III' his  iiijinnifli  s  A  vhiUI  ciirid  of  lipinsif 
— finioiiilttlioK  of  SI.  Jfo.ir. 

The  Saints  dif  only  to  live.  'IMu'iv  trin- ^lory  is  heyoiid 
the  toiul>.  So  it  was  with  tln'  holy  (hiii;ilitfr  of  INmii.  TIim 
fanif  of  ht'C  saiiftity  was  so  nifut  that  in  May,  \t<'HK  an 
Apostolic  Mrit'f  was  n'ct'ivt'd  at  Linia,  by  which  the  Sacrctl 
(.'on^^ivuationof  l{itcs  cstaltlisiicd  a  tiilmnal  for  the  pniposo 
of  «'xaniinin<;  caiionically  into  the  life,  actions,  and  miracles 
of  Sister  Rose  »tf  the  Third  Onh'r  of  St.  Dominic.  Two 
years  were  employed  in  iiearin;:.  juridically,  one  hnndre(l 
and  eii^hty  ])ersons  who  presented  themsrhes,  and  depitsed 
oa  their  solemn  oath  whai      ey  had  seen. 

Nothin.!^  more  remained  to  lei'minate  rh«  proreediniis  i)nr 
t(»  visit  the  I'elics  of  tht^  servant  of  (fod.  It  was  lifteen 
years  after  her  deatii.  The  members  of  the  examininu' tri- 
Imnal  went  to  her  tonih,  and  ha vinjj;  opened  it.  they  found 
her  bones  entile,  covered  with  dry  llesh,  which  exhaled  u 
(leli^htfnl  oih)r  like  that  of  roses. 

A  physician  well  known  for  his  virtiu".  Dr.  .Inan  de  Cits- 
tile,  swore  before  the  exandninir  commissioners  that  Hose 
liad  api)eared  to  him  several  times,  lif'een  years  after  her 
death,  environed  with  an  extiaoi'dinary  li<;ht.  and  that 
he  saw  lu'r  in  the  nutlst  of  this  li^ht,  clothed  in  her 
reliirlons  liabit.  but  so  frlorions  and  majestic  that  he 
L'unld  lind  no  words  to  depict  lier  splendor.  In  her  riylit 
327 


:WH 


ST  nosK  or  r.nr.i. 


I 


lininl  ^li<*  li^'M  fi  Illy.  Hi.'  .'mJ-lfni  of  hn  vii;;iii  purity  ;  ami 
nIi(>  H\utkf  of  til)'  iiappiiM*MM  of  th«>  SiiiiitN  In  m)  Mihlinu'  n 
nmiiih'i'  that  li»'  unuhl  try  »u  valii  Id  ••xjuvss  thfli  Kl'»i'y- 

III  III"  hint  rxainiiiiillniu  imimIi'  lit  Miiiii  In  KMI,  Mi.  •iicin 
Uf  Cnstilf  (lt'iMt«*«'tl  on  niiili  iluit  lor  >ix  ni<>iilli>.  \\ln'iit'\<r 
h»»  niiult'  lii«i  nioliratloii,  «'ltl»»'r  by  day  «»i'  iii^lii.  lu'  laul 
bt'oii  pfiinlitt'  I  t«iM'»'  till'  iiinr*'  tlifiii  loyal  iiri'j;iiill«'t'rict'  wiili 
ulii«li  AIniiLxlily  («<"l  r»'\viir(l<'il  lli»*  iiH'iit><  <'f  St.  Wn>*i'. 
'I'IiIh  Ih'  saw  by  iiii-ans  of  iin  jinufl  whom  mIh'  st'iit  from 
lli'av*'!!  to  iiivili'  liliii  lo  wiiiit'HH  fsitcli  a  rflt-stlal  sp('<'tacl<'. 

She  nppcai'cil  IIU>'uiMo  to  u  pious  widow  tliaf  livnl  in 
IJnia.  Oin' day  wIhmi  this  uoud  l;idy  was  fiirMpliiivd  to  wf 
flu'  Siiiiif  amid  a  miillitiidf  of  lh<'  blu'ssfd,  Itosc  siiid  lo  ln'r: 
'•Mitilit'i-,  ihix  siiii.' of  jiloiy  h  only  acipiiicd  by  uciit'iouH 
rIToifs.  Much  labor  Is  noci'KHiiry.  Ibil  lln*  n'compt'iiM' 
with  whicli  tJod  riownn  our  trials  Is  fX('t'«'iUn;,dy  ^nvat. 
You  M'c  liow  His  nu'icy  icwjirds  iibiindjuitly.  and  i-vfii  be 
yoiid  my  hopes,  tin'  i)ains  I  siilb-rt'd,  and  tin-  f»'\v  ^'ood 
iM'tions  i  pcrforint'd  while  *tiM'artli." 

I)urinn  lift'  the  Saint  often  ••xliil>ited  lu-r  love  for  lier  native 
city  and  its  iiihabifniils  ;  nnd  it  seems  that  she  teslilied  the 
Hame  iiile'ivst  lor  them  in  lleuven.  The  pious  lady  alreiidy 
nientioiied  was  on  •  day  prayin-j;  for  Limn.  l{o><e  uppeared 
to  her  and  said  •  ">b>ther.  I  will  do  what  you  retpiesf. 
(iod  has  promisrd  to  oianl  me  for  these  dear  people  what- 
ever eonceiiis  their  salvation.  Those  things  wliieh  ha\e 
been  recommended  to  my  inlercessioii  I  icmemlter  well,  and 
I  shall  not  fail  t,>  ask  for  them.* 

The  miracles  wrought  Ity  the  Saint  after  death  cannot  lie 
here  recounted.  Accordiujj;  ti>  her  biouiapher,  tlie  number 
was  so  jLTieat  that  a  volume  mi^dif  be  tilled  on  Ihi.s  subject 
alone      We  merely  notice  a  few  oi  the  most   r«!inarkabh', 

Wlieii  her  body  was  expos'd  before  bin  ial.  it  was  o1)served 
that  some  younjx  liberfiin's  who  came  to  the  (diurcli  merely 
to  pi/e  on  the  iMire  beauty  of  ••  Lima's  holy  child."  whom 
they  had  not  been  able  t«»  look  iiptm  attentively  during'  life, 
returned  Inane  jtenet rated  with  '^V'^M  contrition,  and  resolved 
to  chaiiire  their  sinful  ways. 


sr.  IIOSK  OF  /./V.I 


ti  jmrlty ;  ami 
ni\  Mil)linit>  n 
ilicir  Ki"»>- 
till,  Ml.  .Iiiiin 
itli>.  w ln'iii'v«r 

lli^'lll,    In-     ilillt 

iiillct'iict"  wiili 

of   Sf.     Hose. 

iUv  sent    l'i»>m 
III  s|)c«'fnrl«». 
rliiir  livftl  in 

iilihllfil  to  we 
ISC  Hiihl  to  It*'!': 
I  Ity  uciit'loiiH 
n-  n>coiii|)*>liM(f 
'iliiijfly  ^'r«'iit. 
•.  and  cvt'ii  It" 
till'    IVsv    goo«l 

n  for  lu'iiiatlvH 
('  tcstilit'd  tlio 
s  lady  aln-atly 
llosc  appfai't'd 
!  ycHi  ri'qin'Mr. 
V  pcnpli'  u  hat- 

IS    Wllicll      ll!l\«' 

iuImt  well,  aiiel 

■atli  r.'iiinot  Ik* 
IT,  tlu'  iiinnlMM" 
»ii  this  siiWjcct 
■<t  r«'iiiaikal)l(?. 
it  was  observed 
cliurcli  riK'it'ly 
child,"  whom 
•ly  during  lir*", 
n,  and  iv.Holved 


hody  \v;iH  stllT,  o|K'HMd  her  ••yt"'*,  and  in  la.-  prfHcnc'  "i  lu-r 
fatlu'iand  s«'V»'ral  otln  is  win.  wi-i'f  in  fln'  room,  ai'os«>  from 
tlu'  inaftrt'ss  in  as  jM-rfi'd  h"alili  and  strt'iijjrtli  a^  If  »1m'  lanl 
iii'viT  Ih'i'Ii  iiinvfll.     This  hapiM'ticd  in  OitoluT,  W'.-.'T. 

Ill  thf  y«'ar  lo;M.  Anthony  ISnin.  (In-  s.'i'vaid   of  a  pious 
l;idy.  ilit'd  of  a 'oiiipliratioii  of  «lis.'as.'s.     His  mi-^ircss  uan 


111*'     Ot     nils     plUll     S»'I\HIU,        >^ll«-     |iu|iiM     IIM-     j>i.  i.ii>      .M.     ....< 

col  |>s.'.  and  piayi-fl  a)j;ain  with  <»tli('rs  who  were  in  tin-  room. 
Anthony  cainc  to  lif.-,  I'osf  iip  in  a  sitting'  i.osition.  and  \n-o- 
riaimed  in  a  loud  voic.- the  niarvrloiis  favor  he  had  n-crivt'd 
Ihioiii^li  the  intt'iccssion  of  St.  Kos»>.  Tin-  sanif  day  hu 
\v»»nt  to  Inr  fuinl»,  to  rt'tiirn  thanks  to  (;<id  and  his  kind 
iH'in'facti'Hss. 

During  till' fiin-'  that  tin- remains  of  the  Saint  were  lyinj; 
in  chiirih  hvUm  intfrni.'Ht,  Klizahi'th  Diirand  visited  tln^ 
place.  She  wished  to  touch  the  holy  liotly.  ill  order  to 
recover  the  use  of  her  ami.  which  the  surgeons  pro!ioutlce(l 
incuralih'.  She  returned  Inane  with  the  arm  perfectly  re- 
stored. 

The  miraculous  cure  of  .Mphoiisus  piaz  Is  not  less  authen- 
tic. He  was  u  poor  cripph-.  well  kno  u  t<i  huiidii'ds,  and 
bejjixed  Ids  bread  from  door  t(»  do<a' in  FJnia.  With  nincli 
dillicidty  he  dra;j:,ued  liinisrlf  aloii^'  on  liiile  crutches,  on 
account'  of  a  contraction  <»f  the  nerves,  which  had  s(»me 
year.s  befcn-e  so  dried  tip  and  shortened  his  feet  that  Iih 
roidd  no  hinder  sui)porf  himsflf  upon  thdii.  In  ihis  iin- 
liappy  condition  ht    inayed  near  the  coHln  i^f  St.  liose,  and 


f 

I 


li 


■9  if  MH,y  OF  I  I.V.I 

<>iiiti*'Kily  lnv(>ki><l  lii'r  iiNHlNtiuicf  iliut  li«>  iiiiKli'  Ih*  <'iii'i*<I. 
Hmlilfii!)  Ill'  ff'lt  )iU  ftt't  Hrivtrh  oju.  Ili»  hi»Hl  \\\a  >v»'l^'lit 
ii|M)ii  tlii'iii,  lo  Hit*  if  liM  roiilil  walk.  itt«  wiiH  n<»  htn^i*!'  a 
rrlppli*.  ilt' \vii>4  ovcrjoyi'd  tn  tiii<l  li!s  U'i'i  mii'*'  iiiori<  poH- 
idc'MMi'tl  of  nil  |||t>  \  igiti-  iiiitt  i>|n.<4tirit)  of   \  uiitlil 

III  Novi'IiiIht,  in:il,  nil  ttipliuii  lutlu*,  t»>n  inontlis  old, 
IiiiiiiimI  Mill),  livi'iliit  iIm>  linii>««Mif  .!•  ruiiii' (|m  Soto  AIviii'ikIu, 
ulioliml  tiilo'ii  Imt  tliioti^'lirliHlily.  'I'liis  lilih' Miiri-r*-!- wiis 
ittllii'tcd  with  |i>|)i«i'«y,  tiixl  uiiM  Hilly  ii  lioiiihlc  oIiJitI.  TIih 
Hfrvtiiit  of  till*  lioiiH«>,  .sft'iiig  dial  tlic  piiy.HJciiiiiN  (l«'>4|)airi'(t 
ul'  tilting  till*  rltltd,  went  to  the  Cliurcii  oT  St.  hoiniiiir  to 
pick  Mp  u  nitiiilx'r  of  |'oh*>s  wliirli  liad  hi-cii  pjarcd  on  ;|ih 
Htaliit'  of  our  Saint.  She  took  lln-iii  lioiiir,  aii<l  williotit 
iiit'iiti')iiiii;{  Ii«'|-  inlt'iitioii,  appiii-il  tli)-ii<  lu  all  iId*  inaikM  of 
Ifpro^y  wlilrli  uppiai'd  on  tlif  (liild's  liody.  S|it>  ijifti 
wiapjM'd  liff  iiiiliappy  little  cliarMt'  np  « aifl'nlly,  niriit'tl  jn-i' 
tolled,  and  the  lle.vt  liioniili;j;  round  lie>'  (iiii'd  of  tlif  |ep- 
l'(tMy,  In  ej-Hlasjes  of  joy  she  laii  to  aeipiailit  liT  tiiiiMter. 
Alvanido  luiNteiiiHl  to  view  tlie  wonderful  I'llle;  and  wo  as- 
tonished  was  he,  that  he  prmeeded  at  oiu'e  to  ^Ive  tesllinony 
of  it  litfore  the  Apostolic  ('oinillJissittnerH  who  were  then 
t'xainiiiin>;'  the  life  and  iniiiirles  of  St.  Uose.  This  niiiacle 
was  NO  pulijii'  and  well  authenticated  that,  to  keep  it  in  mind, 
tliey  ordered  that  the  little  ^rii|  slutuld  htt  called  .Mary  liose, 
which  name  sh<'  Itore  all  her  life. 

The  crownin;^  ^hny  of  |{ose  of  liima  was  yet  ht  come. 
Hhe  was  canonized  in  H>7I  l»y  l'o|ie  Clement  X  ,  who  ajt- 
poinied  .\ii;iiist  :{nth  for  her  festival.  Thus  the  t'huirh  of 
(»o<i  solemnly  set  the  seal  of  lier  unerring,'  approval  upon 
that  chain  of  wonders  which  extended  from  the  cradle  to 
the  grave  in  the  career  of  America's  lirst  Saint.  What  u 
life  of  purity,  beauty,  iind  childlike  simi>Ii«'ity !  In  this 
h<»llow,  heartless  and  pretentions  age.  it  l)i'ings  forcil)ly  to 
our  niinds  the  profound  philosophy  eiiihodieij  in  the  words 
of  Jesus  Cliiist  :  "  I'liless  you  become  as  little  <  hildieii,  you 
shall  not  enter  Into  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven." 


it'il  i)h  ui'i^ht 
IN  no  lon^iT  II 
ii('«>  morn  \um- 

liiolillis  old, 
"<(»fn  AIvuiikIo, 
!•'  Hiiirt'ifr  wiiH 
••  «ilijtM't.  Tim 
laiiN  (l»'t|»!iir»'«l 
^t.  hniiiinic  to 

platTtl  oil  tllM 
,  niid  witlioiif 
tin*  iiiimUm  of 
ly.  Sill'  llifll 
ly,  ninictl  ln-r 
t'd  of  till'  jt'p' 
It  li  •!•  niiiMtfi*. 
I'h;  ami  mo  iin* 
^\yr  hsliiiioiiy 
Jio  vvci'i'  rlicll 
This  iiiii'iiclc 
.•'«-|)  it  In  niiiiil, 
I'd  Mary  lloMt', 

Vft    t(»    COtlH'. 

t  X  .  who  »ii. 
tho  Chmrh  of 
iplii'oval  u]ii)ii 
the  cnidh'  to 
lint.  What  a 
it'ity !  In  this 
l^js  forcibly  to 
1  ill  tlu'  words 
'  I  hildrt'n,  voii 


SAMLIiL  Dlv  CIIAMIM.AIN. 

T  II  K 

KOlNDKUOFTlli;  IITVDF  l^l  KHKC  AND  FATIIKIl  OP  CANADA,' 


CMAPTKU    I. 
(ll.ANCF.-i    AT    niAMl".AIN'rt    KAKt.V    CAUKl.li 

/;;////  aii'f  i>,n;„l's  r.nrf:)  >/>',rs  llnnif  I  V.  <ui<l  r/f,im. 
pfoia  Visit  In  '/,,  ir-.v.'  lii'llrH  /Hsron,'/'!/'  ('>in>nfa 
ri,f  Cniuiinni'li  'i,  (•/titsfi'.s  rhnnipUiinH  JIihI  HhII 
/i,<',nnttf,i  hi  M'n  ts  aiiilfiix  srhiniii  Aniilin  ~  ViHit 
A.  I  Ik'  /hn/  o/'  riiiithl  -l'lniiiii>l<iiir  s  /<ihofs  Fnffnf 
.\„hr>l  f"s/  'in  //ir  irnoffs  S/.  ('mix  Thr  <',><isl  qf 
Mail',,  Wihirr  tn/uiii  Tin'  JlrsI  fjiirili'ii  in  Xorf/f 
Aimrlni  Fi[ihf  mth  MuxHiK'huMth  linlimix  Thv 
''Onhi'  il'  /lonTc/fps."'  ,    ^ 

Siiinii.'l  d«'  (ninnipliiin.  whoH(^  C:ith<.lir  nniw  Is  om»  of  thn 
l.riudit.'st  in  tli.' ••arly  history  of  Nor.h  Aiiu'rii'a,  wj.s  Ix.in 
ill  Friinct'.  in  1.V57.  ii'f  Uroiiau'i'.  a  sniall  scaiiort  on  fiH-  Hiiy 
oi  IV.sciiy.  Mis  worthy  paivuts  were  Antlioay  d.-  (Miatn 
pi  in  niiil  Martraivt  h  itoy.  Of  liis  youth  w  know  lifiln 
Hiu  his  clear  \uvvl  bmv,*  liwirt,  and  active  nplrit  ohtained 
early  reio.unition,  as  wv  llrd  him.  tlion<rh  yotinir  in  yeavs.  a 
ri'pt'ain  in  the  royal  navy.     Hov  was  h.'  a  strain;*  r  >»  tl'^ 

^  .-nh-f  ..mlmrl.l >>',\:  rtn.n,.t..i...  ••Narn.tiv,- „f  «  Voy,.uM,.  Mk  W.-.  !,„11,  .  «n.t  M.-»lc«. 

IVl-l  t..  l.K).'-  triM-liitr.l  hy  A.  \nimrr...  'MEnr,-  <!.•  Cham n,"  pnnllr,..  i..r  1  Al.t..'  (    II. 

■    1,    .  V.V..  .•l.,.r:.n..U.  *..!,.  "Ill-.ry  ,.n.l  (i.-.-r..!  ...-.rl,,,!.,,.  of  N,  «   Krun,...."  tran-^ 

.1     V  .1   O,  Sl,..,>:   A-.!,.'.  r..rla,„l.  •■.■■«.-  IVIIl„.,ir..  .lu  On,,...,.    •   P..  .nu...  •'  11;."-... 

'  K  ,.„<■,•  m  .1...  N.'«  WorM.-  I'..rkm»i..  "Tho  .Irnult.  In  North  Ainrrl...;"    rarlmmn,      rim  UM 

U-!";:.  in  C,.,;,..!,,;  ••  .k-.krup.  •'  lllou'raj,!.,.-  -f  O,.  K.vlv  UUcovvrcr-;"  Uarncau.  "  lll.lolrt.  .lu 

faimdii; "  Uc  I'oiiIik.'T  uln.  "  Lv«  Kmiivul"  I'li  Amtrlfiur." 

881 


SAMUEL  Die  CUAMFLArX 

Ifind.  for  wf>  nro  told  that  lie  Clrvw  liis  good  sword  on  moro 
than  oiii'  ticM  nl'  litTv  coiitlict. 

At  this  pt'iiod  tht'  i'aiiious  Henry  IV.  guided  the  des- 
tinies of  France;  and  witli  the  keen  eye  of  a  scddier  lie  did 
not  fail  to  see  that  (Miainplain  was  no  ordinary  man.  Tho 
Monarch  kept  him  near  his  jierson,  and  as  his  small  purse 
and  great  nieiit  were  rather  out  of  liarinony,  Henry  settled 
a  i)eiision  on  the  fntiirt!  I'^oiindei-  of  (Janada. 

When  i)eace  returned,  Cliamplain  determined  to  visit  the 
West  Indies  in  the  interests  of  l-'rance.  Spanish  jealousy 
]:ad  hitherto  excluded  all  foreigners,  and  mystery  over- 
shathtwed  llie  alfairs  of  these  islands.  The  young  1'  ''Ucli 
(•ommander  felt  that  it  would  be  a  good  work,  however  peril- 
ous, to  throw  some  light  on  such  a  dark  corner  of  the  world. 
He  set  out  <m  his  journey.  'riiiouy,h  the  inlluence  of  a:i 
UlU'le,  he  obtained  tlie  command  of  <ine  of  the  vessels  of  ii 
Spanish  s(pi:idn)U  about  to  sail  for  the  West  Indies.  What 
was  the  result  ( 

At  I)iei)pe,  in  France,  there  is  a  ctirious  old  manuscript 
in  clear,  decisive,  and  somewhat  formal  handwriting  of  the 
.sixteenth  century,  garnished  with  sixty-one  colored  pic- 
tures. Here  we  see  many  ports,  harbois,  islands,  and  livers, 
adorned  with  rude  portiaitures  of  birds,  beasts,  and  lishes 
pertaining  thereto.  Here  are  Indian  f(>asts  ami  dances— 
liere,  too.  are  descri[)tions  of  natiiral  objects,  each  with  its 
singular  illustrative  sketch,  some  drawn  from  life,  some  from 
memory— as  the  chameleon  with  two  legs— others  from  hear- 
say, among  v.-hich  is  the  jiortrait  of  the  (//-{(fi/i  said  to  haunt 
certain  districts  of  Mexico,  a  monster  with  the  wings  of  a 
bat,  tlie  liead  of  an  eagle,  and  the  tail  of  an  alligator.  This 
is  Champlain's  journal.  It  is  written  and  illustrated  by  his 
own  hand,  and  with  the  most  complete  independence  of  the 
laws  of  art.  The  West  Indian  adventure  occupied  him 
two  years  and  a  half.'  He  visited  tlie  principal  ports  of  the 
islands,  made  plans  and  sketches  of  them  all,  and  tlien, 
landing  at  Vera  Cruz,  journeyed  iidand  to  the  city  of 
Mexico.     Returning,  lie  made  his  way  to  Panama.     Here,. 


1500  to  1608. 


i 


»iui«i   j(mL-L-j.:ma 


SAMVh'l.  ;>/•;  VIIAMl'I.MS. 


\vx\ 


vord  on  mnm 

l(l»'(l  tlic  (Ics- 
soldicr  lu'  <li(l 
ly  man.  TIkj 
is  small  ]tiirs(' 
Henry  settled 

d  to  visit  tlie 
nish  jealousy 
iiysteiy  over- 
'(•iin<i'  I"  vnch 
luwever  pei'il- 
'  ui"  llie  world, 
lliience  (if  a:i 
t'  vessels  oC  a 
ndies.    What 

Id  mannsci'iiit 
vritiuii'  oi"  the 
colored  pie- 
ds,  and  livers, 
■its,  and  lishes 
and   dances— 

each  with  its 
ife,  soniei'roni 
ers  from  hear- 

said  to  haunt 
lie  winos  of  a 
lliVator.  This 
strated  by  his 
■ndence  of  the 
occupied  him 
\\  ports  (d'  the 
nil,  and  tlien, 
)  the  city  of 
mama.     IIere,i 


moiv  |]i;!ii  two  centuries  and  a  half  a<;o.  his  bold  and  active 
mind  conceived  llie  i)laii  of  a  shipcaiial  across  the  isihnnis, 
••by  whii'Ii,"  ht^  says,  •"the  voyauv  k*  I  lie  South  Sea'  would 
be  shortened  by  more  than  fifteen  hundred  lea^-ues."  ' 

When  our  hero  returned  to  France,  the  work  of  his  life 
awaited  iiiin.  In  the  lirst  half  of  tiie  sixleenth  (vntury,' 
•laiii's  (Jirtier.  a,  pious.  h;irdy,  and  eiiteri)risin,i'- caplain.  of 
St.  Malo,  discov.'ied  Canada,  explored  its  <-Te;it  river,  and 
erected  crosses  in  its  soil.  Many  were  the  attempts  ma<l.! 
to  coloni/e  the  new  country,  but  failure  frowned  (.11  them 
all.  Providence  reserved  such  a  uloiious  achievement  for 
Samuel  deChamplain;  and,  as  a  preparation,  he  was  toserve 
a  Ions;-  apprenticeship  in  aiiotlier  Held  of  exiihtrarion. 

At  "this  time  there  lived  in  France  a  man  to  whom  Henry 
IV.  was  much  indclited,  a  white  headed  vctciaii.  a  devout 
Catholic,  and  a  stern  soldier.  It  was  tin'  CommaiKh'r  d.; 
(lliastes.  He  wishtnl  to  end  his  days  enga-ivd  in  s<.me  nobl.; 
work.  To  i)lant  the  Cross  and  \\\v  Jh'iir<hJl-i'  in  the  wil- 
denicss  of  Canada  became  the  object  of  his  laudable  ambi- 
tion.  He  went  to  Court  to  bcir  a  patent.  "  And  thou.di  his 
head,"  writes  (,'liaiui)lain.  ^' was  crowned  with  ^n-ay  hairs  as 
with  yi'ais.  he  res(dved  to  jdoceedin  iiersouto  New  France, 
and  dedicate  the  rest  of  his  days  U)  tli»>  service  of  Cod  and 

his  Kin;;'."''  . 

The  patent  was  readily  granted.  AVith  himsell  De 
Chasles  associated  several  merciiants  of  Dieppe,  and  lixed 
his  eye  on  Champlaiu  as  erne  of  the  men  to  aid  in  carryinjjj 
out  such  a  cherished  enterprise.  Well  the  veteran  knew 
the  younu;  ollicer's  merit  and  experience.  A  i)rernninary 
exploration  was  agrei.'d  upon.  Two  small  vessels  were  put 
in  readiness  at  Honileur,  and  spreadinj^Hiis  canvas.  Chamidain 
sbx.d  across  the  Atlantic  in  the  year  1<5(»;}.^  After  bulVetins 
the  billows  for  manv  a  day,  they  came  in  sight  of  the  wild 
shores  of  the  New"  World,  and  held  their  course  up  the 
lonelv  St.  Lawrence.     For  the  Hrst  time  the  eagle  glance  of 


'  Till-  Pacini-  (h'Oiin.  »  rmknian.  =  r>!l  ;r>. 

e  111  till*  voviis:pC:iamplnin\vnsn(!cini|iim'i'd  tivI'oii'ijMvc'.  ii  "wn 
ready  been  in  Canada  ;  he  liaJ  spent  some  time  in  trading  ut  Tudons.ac 


*  The  rnv;i)  in-i'j!i:.i  nf  I'niuce. 

hint  of  SI.  Malo,  wliohad  al- 


•YM 


SAMUKL  DK  CUAyWlMS. 


(Minnipliiiii  (ook  In  tho  baro  clilTs  of  Qu.'bcc,  btit  nil  wris 
sulituUe,  snul  thf  littlr  ships  bniv.-Iy  boiv  jijiuiiist  tli.'stiriiiu 
until  th.'  isliuul  of  Moniival  wiis  iKidu'd.  TIi.mc  sLkmI 
Mount  Uov:il,rl(.tlH'<l  in  its  wiiil  hut  stately  foivst  yaiMM-nt, 
risin-  l)."fon'  tli.-  .'v.-  in  all  tli^-  tnaj.-sty  (.f  sava^a>  gnindciir. 

ClKiniplain  cxplcivd  a  ii()rli<.n  of  (he  island,  iind,  with  the 
:,i.l  of  a  few  Indians,  tried  to  pass  the  Si.  Louis  Kapids. 
lie  tried  in  vain,  however,  and  was  forced  to  return.  He 
tluMi  made  many  in.piiriesof  the  redmen  concerning  I  lieir 
country,  its  rivers,  falls,  i-ikes.  mines,  and  mountains.  In 
the  deek  of  his  vessel  tile  indiansdrewa  rn(h' map  i.r  the 
river  ahove,  ♦•xhibitin.-r.  with  more  <.r  less  cornrtness  us 
chain  of  rapids,  the  vast  lakes  by  which  it  is  fe.U  anil  the 
wanderinii,-  tribes  livin^^  near  its  banks. 

The  hardv  bat  battle.l  explorer  now  turned  the  i.rows  <  I 
his  vessels  hon.eward,  and  r.-ached  Havie  de  ({race  only  i) 
learn  of  the  (h'ath  of  the  worthy  veteran,  the  Comman.h  r 

lie  ('hastes  ,         ,       i  i  t 

The  mantle   of  l>e  Chastes   fell  upon    th.>  shonhh-rs   ,1 
Pel.'r  du  (Jnast.  Sieur  de  Monls.     This  nobh'man  wished  to 
e„loni/e  Aru,Vnt:MxA  the  French  Kin-,  by  -rantiu-  liim  a  pal 
„,„.  ,.ncoura-ed  the  enterprise.      He  was  constituted   Lieu- 
,enant(bMieral  of  all  the  t<.rritory  from  the  fortieth  t(.    he 
lortv-sixthde-reeof  north  hititnde.  with  power  to  subdue 
the  "natives  and  c.mvert  them   to  the  Catholic  faith.       0;. 
M(,nts  equipped  two  vess.'ls,  and  sailed  for  his  new  t:nve,n- 
ment   in   March,  \^M.     Champlain   was   pilot  ol  the  expe- 
dition. ,  .        .-IP 
In  May  they  arrived  at  a  harbor  on  the  southeast  side  ot 
the  peninsula  of   Acadia,  where  they    found   oiie   ol    their 
<.ountrvmen,  named   Kossi-nol,  tradini--   with   the   Indians 
witho.U  license.     They  seized  his   ship  and  cai-o.  but  lelt 
him  the  poor  consolation  of  -ivinj;  his  name  to  the  harl)or 

in  llu'lriu'  Faith. 


■MPK  .  J    -■  r 


c,  but  nil  wns 

ilist    tllCStlfillU 
'V\\V\V    Stnod 

'ore.st  yiii iiit'iit, 
',\}H^  {inimlf'iir. 
,  imd,  wiili  tliM 
l.niiis  Kiipids. 
ti)  it'tiiiii.  ilt' 
ori(vriiin<itlH'ir 
louiitiiiiis.  l^ii 
i(l<'  mill*  ('i  tlu' 
correct iit-'s><.  its 
is  1"«'(1,  ami  I  lie 

il  the  1  trews  <  f 
'  (iracc  only  '-> 
lie  Coiiiniiiiult  r 

(>  slioiildcrs  if 
'inau  wislit'd  to 
iiti'ig  him  a  [lat 
nstitiitcil  Lifii- 
Tortietli  to  tlu^ 
owcr  to  sill  (liit^ 
(die  t'aitli.  "i>' 
his  new  t:(i\'<'ii!- 
lot  ol'  the  exiie- 

mthenst  side  of 
d  one  (d"  their 
til  the  Indians 
L  (•ar<i();  but  hd't 
le  to  the  harbor 

I  Scotia,  from  its  llrst  sct- 
i;!.  Ill  till'  oriirinnl  toni!iii>- 
•  iiiclmlitl  ill  A'luliii.  liut 

Ull.li/i'l. 

.liaii.-  wou'il  111'  iiistriiclfil 


y-AMl'EL  I)E  CIlAMri.M.y. 


:?n."5 


wlu'ro  liowns  taUon  TIm'  vrnvisions  found  in  liis  v.>ssf.l 
werea  most  seasonable  siiMdy.  for  uilhout  them  theeiiter- 
luisenuist  have  been  iibandoiied.  The  jdace  is  now  cullea 
Liverpool, 

Constini;  alon.i;  the  ])t>ninsiilii  to  the  southwest,  they 
doubled  Ci\\)i'  Sable,  :ind  cauie  to  atudior  in  St.  .Mary's  Hay. 
One  day  a  partv  went  <.n  shore  nud  strolled  throiiuh  th(^ 
f.,rest.  '  Anion^^"  tlmui  was  Father  Nicholas  Aiibry.  of 
Paris.  lie  sepiirated  from  his  comimniniis  and  .not  lost 
in  the  dense  w(.ods.  lii  vjiiii  they  senirhed.  slK.utin.ii-  his 
name  to  the  e(dioinu^  solitudes.  Triimpels  were  sounded 
:,nd  eannon  lir.vl,  but  Father  Aubry  appealed  not.  He 
was  f-iven  up  lor  dead,  and  after  sixteen  days  they  (put- 
ted  the  place. 

'i'hevoyaiivrs  now  proceeded  toexplon'  th"  F)ayol  l-iiudy,^ 

onlled  bv  De  Monts  L;i  Bay  Franvoise.  ( )n  the  eustern  side  of 
the  Hay  they  disc(»vered  a  mirrow  stiait.  into  which  they  eii- 
tered.  and  soon  btund  themselves  in  a  spacious  basin.  en\  i- 
nmed  with  hills,  down  which  trickled  stivams  of  fresh 
wiit.'r  in  all  their  silvery  'vauty.  Between  the  hills  ran  a 
tine  naviirable  river,  which  they  named  the  K(piill<\  P.aron 
,le  P<mtrincourt,  a  member  of  the  expedition,  was  deli.uhted 
with  the  scene.  Here  he  even  determined  to  make  his  resi- 
dence, and  havin.ii-  obtained  a  grant  of  it  from  He  Monts, 
Hie  Catholic  nobleman  ,uave  it  the  name  of  Port  Hoyal.' 

Fnun  this  lu.int  th.>y  sailed  farther  into  the  .ufeat  Bay,  to 
visit  a  copper-mim>.  It  was  a  lii-h  rock  on  a  i)rom<.ntory 
between  two  bavs.  The  copper,  thoiiuh  mixed  with  stone, 
was  found  to  be  very  pure.  Crystals  an<l  curi«ius  colored 
stones  were  also  found,  and  spefimens  of  these  were  sent  to 

Ilenrv  IV. 

On\  fnrHier  examination  of  the  coast,  they  came  to  a 
great  river  to  which  they  ,irav(>  the  name  of  (he  St.  .lohn.  It 
was  swnrmin.u-  with  fish  and  full  of  islands.  The  voya-ers 
sailed  np  Hiis  river  about  lifty  lea.mies,  and  were  extremely 

~Tl,r  TVnnf  f7i^N  ■•'mm  KO  mil.-  lorv.'  and  fnmi  ::it  'o  .VI  mill-  wid...    It  is  rcnmrkiil.).'  for 
lt>  illraonl.n.rv  ""i'Vuhii'li  ru«li  iip  from  the  BfU  will.  s.id.  rapidity  us  .omctime*  to  ovcrtuko 
cwini  fri'diiii;  on  >lnlltl^li  on  llio  .-liurcs. 
-  Nov  Aniiai'ilis. 


.1- 


.s.i.u/A'A  /)/•;  cif.i.wr/.M.y. 


n«'Ii^litt'(l  wifli  flic  vast  (|ii;mtify  of  iniipcs  wliidi  liivw  (tii  its 
I'iinUs.      A(  liist  llu-y  iiliclinlrcl  in  riissiillilKilK  <l<ly  liiiy. 

'I'll"  iiiitiiinjj,'  Clmiiipliiiii.  «•.\l•l(>l•iIl^^  siirvcyiiiu'.  sodiuliiij,' 
1i:i<l  iii:i(h'  cliiirts  ol'  nil  llx*  iiiiiiri)i:il  loiids  and  luiiliorH;  iind 
now .  piirsiiinij:  liis  rcicaii'li.  Ii''  cnt.'K'd  a  i  i\ cr  wliicli  lie  calls 
I^a  Uivirit'  dt's  Mhcln'iniiis.  Near  its  tiKnitli  lie  I'oiiiid  an 
islet,  rcnci'd  ari  u  id  with  rocks  and  shoals,  iind  «'allcd  it 
St.  Oroix.  a  name  now  lM)rnc  by  the  jivrr  iis^'H'.'  Willi  sin- 
gular infclicily,  this  spot  was  chosen  a^  Ihc  site  of  ihc  new 
<'ol()iiy.  It  conmianded  the  liver.  and  was  well  lilted  for 
di'l'eiisf.  These  were  its  only  merits.  ('Mlinoll.  Ii(»wever, 
Were  landed  on  it.  a  hittery  was  {ilanti'd  <>n  a  detached  r<i<'k 
at  one  end.  and  a  fort  liej;iin  on  a  risiiiti;  irroiind  at  tho 
oilier.' 

At  St.  Mary's  Hay  the  voya<j:ers  had  foniid.  or  thought 
they  had  found  trac<'s  of  iron  and  silver.  A  jtilot  was  now 
sent  hack  to  jjursne  the  search.  As  he  and  his  men  lay  at 
anchor,  tishin,<r.  not  far  frvmi  land,  one  of  them  heard  a 
strange  sound,  like  a  weak  human  voice.  '1  hey  look*  '  to- 
wards the  shore,  and  saw  a  small  Mack  ligure  in  motl(»n, 
seemingly  a  hat  waved  at  the  end  of  a  stick.  Howing  in 
liaste  to  the  spot,  they  foutid  Falliei'  Aiibry.  For  sixteen 
<lays  the  iinhap])y  juiest  had  wandi'red  in  the  wooils,  sus- 
taining life  on  berries  and  wild  fruits,  lie  was  but  a  shadow 
of  his  former  self.  When  he  was  carried  to  St.  Croix,  his 
conipanions  gi(>eted  him  as  one  risen  fioiii  the  giave.'' 

^'aiioiis  habitations  were  erected  on  St.  Croix.  It  was 
determined  to  found  a  colony.  The  winter,  however,  proved 
^'xtremely  severe.  To  add  to  the  miseries  of  the  ice-bound 
Frenchmen,  scurvy  attacked  them,  and  thirty-six  of  their 
iiund)er  soon  ])eop]e<l  the  little  cemetery.  The  riMiiaining 
forty,  who  wei'e  nearly  all  sick  and  dispiriteil,  lingered  till 
the  spiinu;.  when  their  woes  diminished,  and  they  gradually 


'  The  nnmi'  of  Si.  Croix  mr  Uolv  Crd^^iwa*  (;"<'ii  I<>  llir  i^hiiicl  Ihtihisi' tliiit  two  IciiciU's 
tiicliiT  Ilicrc  were  hl(l(lk^  wliicIi  ■rami'  fni-^wisc  to  fall  «illiiii  lliis  laiKi'  Iji-ancli  of  tlii'  sva."— 
Htlki(<ii>. 

Till'  St.  Croix  Kivcr  now  forms  lliv  X.  E.  boundary  bclwctii  ilu'  I'liilcl  StatoM  and  l(ritl?'h 
AiiuTica.    It  in  aliout  l'i">  mills  lorij;. 

»  rarUnian.  »  Ibid. 


{yAML'/il.  l)h  VIlAyfl'LMS. 


^M 


•li  i;ri'\v  (111  its 
Idy  liiiy. 
is;.  .soiiinliti<i: 
liiiilioi's ;  iiiid 
vliicli  lie  (■;ills 
li(>  lolilid  iin 
iitid  rnllfd  it 
.'  Withsin- 
ti'  of  lln'  new 
fll  littctl  lor 
um.  Ii(»\vc\('r, 
IclMclicd  lock 
oiiJul   at    the 

I,  or  llioiiulit 
tilot  wiis  now 
is  nuMi  lay  at 
licii)  lit'aid  a 
cy  lo'./kt  1  to- 
i-e  in  mot  ion, 
Howini;  in 
F(»r  sixteen 
le  woods,  sus- 
biit  a  shadow 
St.  Croix,  his 
li'iave.' 
loix.  ft  was 
wcver.  1)I()v<mI 
tlie  in^hoiind 
r-six  of  tlieir 
'lie  riMiiaiiiiii.i; 
,  liiifi-ered  till 
liey  ^nadiially 


■niiw  rlmt  two  Iciil'iu's 
limncli  of  till'  H'a."— 

i"l  Statcx  and  Itritir^U 


roroveretl  bv  means  of  the  fresh  v.-ef,f  h.n.     '•  ^  .t  anw.ui; 
,1,..,,,  •'  wrih's  I'aiknian,  "lliere  was  one  at  least,  who,  aini.l 
l„„.,;,„.an.iaete.tion,  hehl  to  his  purpose  with  nnmdoni-  ■ 
i„,,,„  ,.,,;u-ity;    ami  where  Chaiiiph-::  was    present   there 

was  no  room  for  despair."  , ,    ^  .  ,       ..»   .. 

\V.>arv  of   St.  (^roix,  De  M.>nts  would   fa-n  se.'k   out   .i 
raore  au'spieous  site,  whereon  to  rear  tlie  eapital  ol  his  w.l- 
d.-ruess  th.n.inion.     Durinj--  th..  previ^.us  Septen.her,  (  ham- 
i.lain  ha.l  ran-e.l  tin.  westwar.l  roast  in  a    pmna.v,  vis.  .  .1 
!..,,l   „„„..,i    ,1,0   elilfs  of  Mount    Desert,  au.l   entere.l   the 
„,„uth  of  the  River  I'enohoseot.     Now.  .>ml.arki.n--  a  seeoml 
H„„.  in  a  bark  of  tifteen  tons,  with  De  M-nts,  several  gen- 
.i.Muen,  twenty  sailors,  ami   an  liulian  and  his  .s.piaw,  lht3 
future  Foumlerof  (iuebec  set  forth  in  .lune,  K'.a.,  on  a  see- 
oTid  vovaiie  of  tliseovery.     Alon,^  the   strang.-ly    imh.nted 
..oast  ,>f  Main.^  by  reef  ami  surf-wash.vl  .slaml,  blaek  head- 
,„,,aml  tleep-embosomed  bay-by  Mount   Desert  ami    ho 
r.nobosrot,   the   Kennebec,   Portsmouth   Harbor,  and    the 
Ish.s(.l  Shoals-lan.lin- daily,  iioldin-  f.mleren.v  with  In- 
dians, givin,^  and  re.•eivin^^  gifts-th^.y  hel.l  the.r  course, 
like  some  atlventurous  p.irty  of  pleasure,  al.mg  those  now 
IVimiliar  shores.     Champlain,  who,  we  are  t(»l.l.  -deb^ihted 
marvelously  in  these  enterpi-is-'s,"  busied  himself,  alter  lus 
w)nt   with  taking'  observations,  sketching,  making  charts, 
and  exDloring  with  an  insatiable  avidity  the  wtmders  of  the 
land  and  the  sea.     Of  the  latter,  the   liorseslioe-erab  awak- 
ened his  especial  curiosity,  and  he  describes  it  at  length, 
with  an  amusing  accuracy.     With  etpuil  care  and  trutii  he 
ivdnts  the  Indians,  whose  round,  mat-covered  lodges  they 
could  see  at  times  thickly  strewn  along  the  shores,  and  wlio, 
from  bays,  inlets,  and  sheltering  islands,  came  out  to  meet 
the  Frenchmen  in  canoes  of  b.u-k  or  wood.    They  were  an 
-rricultural  race.     Patches  oi  corn,  beans,  tobacco,  squashes, 
"and  various  eatable  roots  lay  near  all  their  wigwams.' 

The  voyagers  finally  cfane  to  Cape  Cod,  on  the  coast  of 
Massachusetts.  In  some  of  the  places  passed,  the  land  was 
most  inviting,  and  particular  notice  is  taken  of  the  grapes. 


1  Parkraan. 


H. 


s.i\fr/:i.  in:  ri[.\.\fi'i.A/.\: 


I'liil  lln's;iv;i,ir('  n:i(iv«'s  !i].|)t';ir('(l  loltc  tiiitnt'i'oiis,  iinrilftitlly, 
uiiil  tliii'visli.  I>i'  Mniits,  liuwfvcr,  pit  ffrivd  MilVty  !•• 
jilcasmv,  iiinl  ivi ihiiim'  lir^t  l«»  Si  Croix.  :iti(l  llu-u  lo  lN>rt. 
Hiiyal.  ll'Mv  he  round  si  sliip  I'idiii  I-'innct'  willi  rrcsli  siip- 
plifs,  :iimI  :i  ifinroiCfiiH-iil  of  I'oiiy  liicii.  'I'lu'  ^tol(•s  w  liicli 
liad  liifii  (|i'pn>itr(l  at  Si.  C'l'oix  wt'H-  inuoMil  iicioss  iIih 
H.iy  ol'  Fmnly.  Imt  tlic  iMiildiiiu*  wvw  It-It  staiidliiu'.  Nt  w 
htHist's  wt'if  t'lvcii'd  al  till'  iiioiilh  of  lilt'  livt'i'  uliiili  I  mis 
into  111"  lia^iii  tif  I'ltrt  lloyal.  Tlifit'  the  »'toi»'s  and  i copht 
were  loil^i'd. 

Dc  .\lonis,  liavinu'  put  lii-<  ali'airs  in  ppoil  tiidtT.  (Miil>aikt'(l 
for  l''ianct',  It-aviim'  INiiitiiiavt'  as  his  licnlfnaiit.  ('Ii:;niiilain 
and  antiliiiT  pilt»t  wfic  it)  pt'iffct  tin.'  ."ji'lllt'iiifiit,  and 
fontimic  to  ('Xplt)rt'  tlif  conntry. 

Tilt!  winter  td'  K'.ii.'t  ('»  caint'  on.  Tiif  rolonisis  it  sctMiis 
Avi'tc  plt'iilifiilly  snpplictl  liy  llif  iiidinris  with  venison,  aiwl 
a  ^reat  trade  in  furs  was  <'ariiitl  t>n.  Noiliinu'  is  said  'jf 
tlie  sc'iii'V  y;  ImiI  tliey  liad  a  sjioit  allowanc' of  l>ifad.  This, 
howi'ver,  was  not  IVoin  any  starcily  ol'  <::ain"  Inil  iMcanst* 
tlit\v  had  no  tiilier  mill  to  uiii'.d  it  fliaii  the  liaiid  mill, 
which  ie(piired  haril  and  iinceasinii'  lahor.  So  niiifli  tlid  the 
red  nuMi  liate  this  uuitunaiiiic  exeifise  that  tliey  pifi'ericd 
hunger  to  tlic  task  oC  jriiniliiiir  corn,  ihtniiih  they  were  of- 
fered liair  t)!'  it  ill  payiiieiU.  Only  six  men  died  in  the  i  tmi.so 
ol'  this  winier. 

Sprin;;  came  art)nnd.  and  l^mron  de  Poiitrincourt  hecan  hi:? 
l)lantati()n.  A  spot  ol"  ^n'oiind  was  t'leared.  \Vitliiii  lii'leeii 
days,  lie  sowed  <rrair.s  mihI  several  kinds  of  icaiileii  veucla- 
lile.s.  Tims  the  lirst  tield,  cultivated  by  wliite  hands,  that 
marked  tlie  wild,  sha^xu'y  coniineiit  of  North  Aiiieiica  lrt)iii 
Flt)rida  to  the  I'ole.  owed  its  existence  tt)  the  enthusiastic 
industry  of  a  Catholic  noUleman.  This  is  a  trilling'  fact,  but 
one  not  ninvorthy  t>f  reniemhrance. 

In  the  fall  of  l(')ii(),  Cliampiain,  accompanietT  by  Poutrin- 
coiirt,  attain  set  ft)rtli  on  a  voyaf?o  of  discovery.  Tin  ir 
vessel  was  a  miserable  craft  of  ei<jrlir<>en  tons.  Tt  was 
rou^dily  liandled  by  tlit>  jrales  of  autumn.  (\)astin,i;  aloii.u' 
to  Nantuckv't  iSouiid,  tlity  became   disgu.sted,  and   turned 


mmmmmmmtmmma^KSeBae^ 


<.  iitirilfiidly, 
■d  Mil'fly  to 
tln'H  !(•  IN'lt 
III  frcsli  Mi|i- 
stoics  w  lii«li 

(I    iH'Hi.NS    tilt' 

iirliiiir.  Nt'W 
r  u  iilrli  I  mis 
•H  :iii(l  icoplc 

el',  <>liil):ilkr(l 

.    ('li::Mi|>liiin 

llt'tlM'Ilt,  iind 
isIS     W     StTtliS 

Vcllisoll,  illhl 
iH'  !>■  sjiid  vX 
\m'\\'\.  Tliis, 
'  Iml  lit'Ciiiiso 
i(>  liiiiiil  mill, 
iiiiit'li  (lid  lli<- 
licy  pK'iVrit'd 
(licy  writ-  ol"- 

iii  till'  (oiuso 

Milt  licuaii  lil:i 
N'ilhiii  lil'tfeli 
;;ir(lt'ii  vciit'fa- 
(>  luiiids,  tliiit 
Anit'iica  Irom 
I'  fiitliiisiastic 
lliiig  I'lict,  but 

1  by  Pcutiin- 
ovcry.  TIk  ir 
tons.  It  was 
\»astin,i;  aloii.u' 
I,  and   tunic'd 


8.\MCh:i  rtJ' CJT\MV!.MS'. 

back.    It  wasbatllinir  with  dang.r  and  lianlliii)  for  nofliin^'. 

.\|i»ii^'  til.'  .'aot.'iii  Vfiyv  ni*  I'api'  Col  iIk'  vnya,u;»'rs  loiind 
tlif  slum'  ihirljy  siiiddrd  with  rlir  uiijuaiii-. '»r  a  lac- who 
w:"  li'<H  hiniN'.'Uliiii  tillers  ct'  ih.'  suil.  At  Cliailiaiii  liar, 
bor  live  of  tin-  coiiipaiiy,  who,  <'oiHrary  l<»  oKlcr'i,  had  re- 
iiinint'd  on  slior.'idi  niulit.  wnv  as^aih'd  ns  th.-y  sh'itl  aoiiiid 
llit'ir  lire  liy  ;i  showt-r  ol"  iiii'owH  IVoiii  four  hiindivd  Indians. 
Two  \v.'r<rki)lt'd  outright,  wliil.-  iIm'  fi iuhten'-d  survivors 
jl.'il  I'or  th.'ir  bout,  biistl.'d  lik.'  i.oiriii.iiK's.  Tho  sci-ik"  l;^ 
oddly  iiortray.'d  by  th«*  iit'iiril  of  Cliaini-laiii.  II«',  with 
routVinconrt  and  <'ii;lit,  ni'ii.  liMrirvj;  the  cric-i  I'or  aid.  and 
Hie  war  wlioojis  ol"  III*  sr.  ;m' '•«,  siuaii;,'  ii|t  froin  sb-cp,  and 
rharircd  ili' yrlliii;.;,  dusky  iinil;i!u<l.',  who  H.-d  bci'oic  tli>'ir 
ni,.'('trai  ass:i'ilants.  Tin'  I-ViMicli  biirifd  their  (h'ad  comrades; 
but  as  they  chanted  their  I'nnerai  liymii.  the  Indians,  at  a 
sil'e  distance  on  a  nei^hl)  »rliu'  hilK  \vere  dancinir  in  uieennd 
lriunii>li.  anil  iiio;'kin,'j;  tli  '\\\  wiih  unseemly  .-..stuies.  ji.id  no 
.«ooiier  had  the  party  recmb.irked  mn  they  duir  up  tlio 
dead  bodle.s,  burned  tliem.  and  ar  /td  themselves  in  their 
fdiirts.' 

After  a  p(>rilous  voya,i;\  riiami>lain  and  liis  mmiianions 
jirriv.'dat  l*oii  II  >ya!  o:i  th  >  1  lt!i  of  November.  The  man- 
ner ill  which  they  speut  t!i'  thirl  winter  was  social  and 
Testlve.  At  the  chief  table -to  which  lifleell  l>ersons  be- 
bmixed  -  an  Order  was  established  by  the  name  of  "  I/Orilrci 
de  l}(tn-Temps."  It  was  the  work  of  the  cvor-cheerful 
Chami>lain. 

K.icli  was  Hrand  Abister  for  a  day.  durinp;  wliidi  ho  woro 
the  collar  of  the  Order,  donned  a  napkin,  and  cai-.ied  tlin 
stair  of  ollici'.  After  supp  m-  he  resiLtne  I  his  accoutrement-!, 
with  the  ceremony  of  drinkinu'a  cup  of  wine  to  the  heallli 
of  his  success(U'.  If  seems  this  was  an  excellent  instilii- 
tion.  Its  advanta.Lre  was  that  each  member  was  emul(;us 
to  be  pre]iiired  for  his  day  as  (Jrand  Master,  by  previously 
huntiivu;  or  lishinir.  or  luirchasin.u;  lish  and  jrame  of  the 
simple  natives.  It  was  a  point  of  honor  to  lill  the  post 
with  credit. 


'  rarkmun. 


MO 


fiA.\tVKi>  in:  ciiA.\fpi.My. 


'I'h»»  invllt  tl  ^Mirsts  were  Iiuliiin  rhi.'fs.'  Thov  i»f  IiiimldtT 
ilviiwv  Willi inis  sijiiaws,  uiul  rlii!<livM  nut  «»n  tlM«  !!«M.r  <ir 
cidiirlit'tl  io;,'.'tli.'r  in  lln"  (•.•iik'Is  of  tli.-  hull.  ciiKi-ily  wnitinu' 
tlifir  |.i)iti(»ii  of  liisdiit  or  <>f  l»n'!i«l  n  ii<»v.'l  iiii<l  imicli 
fuv.'t.'d  luxury.  'I'lviit.'d  I'lwiiys  with  kiudiirss,  Ili..y  I).'- 
cam.'  lou.l  ur  III.!  Kr.'n.-li,  \vIi.m)Ii.'Ii  I'oll.nv.'.l  tli.>in  ou  Hu-ir 
nioiwH-hunt!4,  ntitl  sUaiv.l  th.-ir  wint.T  luvounc' 

Only  four  (U«'«l  flfM  wint.-r;  un.l  ll  U  iviuaiUcd  that  tlicy 
w.'i'.'  "sluixnisli  ami  fi.'tl'ul." 

I..'aviiiL?  III.'  story  of  Fr.'iK-li  Acadia,  lis  sfniirKl."'  and 
inisroitutu's.  \v.<  must  now  follow  tlu^  fooist.'pst.f  Cliamplaiii 
to  a  n.'sv  n.'ld  of  activity  an.l  .•iit.'ipiist'  a  li.-l.l  wli.-i.-  Iim 
t..il.Ml  Willi  III.!  shiniii,!,'  virtu.'  ..f  a  tin.-  ('Iiri>liiin  and  lii.' 
ia.lomilal.h'.'ii.'ruv  ..f  a  h.-n.,  wli.'r.'  hikc'ss  linallv  smil.'d 
on  his  .'nlii;lif."U.'.i  and  wcll-diivctcd  toil,  aii.l  li.-  fouiid.'d  a 
iiati.m,  which  today  llnds  a  c..nsi)ifU()iis  place  ..n  tla-  map 

<.f  North  Anicricii. 

-    -  ...,—.» 

TtH..  prltullMil  of  11.0.0  w«»nn..l.l  .l.lrf  l.y  ll.o  Min......f  M,..nl..T...„, ,.  f„.|  fri.  n.l  -f  Ihr  VV.M-h 

J    '  ,1, ^,.rt  in.Ml..  l.y  .1,,.  rrnul.  m,.-l»n.,rl.-  h.  North  An.-Hn,.   ..•„ll,.r  l.n    1.  ■    ,■ .  h 

n       n        .    I   .11.  «!..,..  VM.  un.  ...;,1,  ).■■  I.  u\  VmMU  -.r^-.l  ,l,„i.,.  ..  Im„.l.v,l  mul  ....  y.-r-. 

,0  .  .    ■  :r  .  1-1,  .1  Nvim.T.. .rl.....pl.  -..r  .!..■  p..«.rH  .,f  .l,.rk.......     M..n.l...r.„..  »:..  ....  .  -.l 

'   "   ,..  ,r  V i-,  .....1.  in  Ilk..  n.:.......r,  .!,.■  n.-l  of  .1...  .,,,.,.11.1  o,,,r.,...-.y -.x-l.-.-.c,.^  -'  ^^    "'     -« 

l;ppHl...l,M..  r..r.l.,.  ....m...  ..f  prhu.....  ....1.10-.,  a..,l  l,..!!--  "f  rauk.--Plo..en  uf  t<ance  In  (/,» 

'""'ZaVmoCoi  Ucurl.  coi.lln..c.d  fulthful,  and  died  a  devout  Chri-tlau. 
*  I'urUniun. 


!»•  of  lium'tl'T 

j^i-rly  waitinu: 
I  titxl  nincli 
•ss,    tliry  l»«'- 
lii'iii  on  Ou'lr 

..(l  that  tlicy 

ul'  ('li:tMi])laiii 
eld  wlii'lf  llM 
siiiin  ami  ili<> 
linallv  stmU'd 
Ii,>  I'oiiikIimI  a 
•  on  tin-  map 


.|  friiiicliif  llirrri'tirh, 
III'  vMi>,  |ii  i>n|i»  ilio 
illiir  l.ji  ricclir  .Mi»n.s 
ifi-Mtl  iil«  ^ln^  1111(1  re- 
iiiiiiliTil  mill  tin  yi'iirn. 
»im  oMT,  II  "U<  .11 
y  iilir  ill  llllllll'cr.  WITH 
111-  i(f  III-  (illiir;  'liTll 
niloiiy,  Till'  iiiini'iH 
iif  cniiiiiili  pilH  lillllHll 
ili'iiiliiTliiii  \v:i-  iiiiiiii'il 
r  III-  fiili-  riitlMil  Iliu 
Mari-milli'.  iiflir  Miir- 
;iliiiiicril  lliilr 'nirliiirlo 
Miem  <i/'  t'raiue  In  tin 

uu. 


CIIAPTKR   TT. 

Tin:  puiNci:  <>i'  pionkkim  iv  caxapa. 

Champhiin'x  forr  (/  arfrmfurr-I/r  /on tiffs  thv  rlhf  of 
i^Hi'hn'  I  loin  III  s/nifii/f'tf  It  ronspintojf  -Sftrtnh'iii/^  ///*' 
whifi'r  of  Qiiih'V  ~A  inor/ii!  sriiir  of  flislihlfioii  Tin: 
lliiioiiK  mill  A/ifoii'/i/iihs  Till  /idi/iiois  /H.sfoirri/  of 
J,uli>  ('liomi>htia—A  bolUe  with  tlm  //ui/uoin—JIumfi- 
ward  hotind. 

Turnini^  away  from  Acadiii  ami  its  nii!i(-<l  liopi-*,  Dij 
Monis,  at  Hii'  sii^^Lr-'stlon  of  Cliamplaiii,  lix.'il  his  ryes  on 
Canada.  Ilf  madr  his  proj.'cts  ktiouii  to  Ilctiry  I\'..  and 
solicited  a  m»ni!p>ly  of  tin'  fur  tradi-  for  oik-  y.'ii-'.  Jlis  n?- 
qiu'st  was  f^raiitt'd.  This  privilc^'f  l)iwiii  In  .laniiary,  UiOS. 
Many  advanta;;.'s  wtM-H  exprttid  to  How  from  «'Mtal)lishin,i;  a 
foh)ny  on  thf^  Uiver  St.  Lawivnco. 

(;iiampl-un,  at  this  tiim',  was  in  Paris;  but  liis  nnipiict 
thoughts  tnrnt'd  wtvstward.  Xh'  was  cnainort'd  of  th»'  Ni*w 
World,  whosH  rii^j,!' I  rharms  had  s(»i/.»'d  liis  fancy  and  iiis 
heart;  and  as  explorers  of  Arctic  Seas  liave  pined  in  tiieir 
repose  for  polar  ice  and  snow,  so  did  he,  witli  restless  lonj;- 
inij,  revert  to  the  fo^jf-wrapped  coasts,  the  piny  odors  of  I'or- 
est.s,  tl»e  noise  of  waters,  the  sharp  and  piercinu;  siinlij,'ht, 
BO  dear  to  his  remembrance.  Fain  would  lie  unveil  the 
mystery  of  that  boundless  wilderness,  and  jdant  the  Catho- 
lic Faith  and  the  power  of  France  amid  its  ancient  barba- 
rism. Five  years  befoi'e,  he  had  explored  the  St.  Lawrence 
as  far  as  the  rapids  above  Montreal.  On  its  banks,  as  In? 
thought,  was  the  true  site  for  a  settlement,  a  fortitied  pos!", 
whence,  as  from  a  secure  basis,  the  waters  of  the  vast  inte- 

341 


It 


» 


'M'J 


sAVVKf  nK  rn.wi'i.M.y, 


I'lor  niljj;'.il  b*  tr.U'i»4  liifk  low.iiti*  tlifii'«otiit»'s  aiul  u  wohI. 

I'lll  lutll<>  tlhcuVrtfll  III  CliitiM  t  tld  lllf  KilHl 

IviiIn  in  tliM  «»'iii!m«'r  m|'  KXM,  u  \»'s«.i-1  puiHUfd  Itn  Holiniry 
njiiix'  i(|t  iltf  Si.  Liwi'i  iiff,  It  Wilt  Ciuiii  lltinllt'iii',  iiiiil  wiiM 
(nt.iiitiiiiil«Ml  liy  Saiiiiu'l  (l.>  C'tiuiiipluiii.  AUvv  Milling  iiitiiiy 
ii  l.'UK'U'*  "p  iIm*  lt»Mlly  iiv»«!,  llif  liaidy  v<.yity»'r«  niiin'  lo  a 
|>iiliil   uId'Ii'  III)'  vu'^i  rlKiriiM-1  itiiiitiWH  tu  a  itill*'  in  uiUtli. 

'|'ll:'l)(t|tl  rlltTHiif  guflirr  muMMrd  llicil'  \in:v.  lU^^vtl  IVjilmi  s 
ill  I  lie  Walt'.i  Im'IoW,  llt'l*'  f!n'  titii  lioi-  \\i\n  cuhi  oh  tin'  .III  of 
.Inly,  for  lln-  kft'ii  fy**  »»i"  ('liani|i!ain  inaii\Hl  IIm-  wild  l>nl 
HJt'tiui'-«|Ut' Hjtoi  IIS  ill*' Miti' of  a  ciiy  hidaN,  ihr  imi.st  liis 
{••lie  riiv  ill  Ann'!i<'i.'  "Two  icntiiiits  iiiid  a  half,  sayn 
j'aiiuiian,  "liavf  iiMirkfind  tin- ^^>lillldl' willi  >wiiiniiim  iil'i', 
cov«>i»nl  tin-  d<«'p  husorn  of  lli»'  riv»T  wiili  l>a:p'  tiiiii  Mlcunnr 

•  I'ltrkmnii. 

■'  rih-  wi.ril  i^K  l»r  l«cif  Jmlliifi  Kflulii.  nii«l  III  in«  II  nli'itKnr  niivr»iitii'ji>f  Ihr  Hrrr.  Tti" 
jiuriiiil  M'lir  lirhiiii'  »rll>i>:  "  i  miuhI  im  iii<»  Ar«.A'  iiiiulM.M.  \\  n\  .i  |iit.  i\  ilniiiir  i|ii'il  ••  ( 

U'lirUtiii'  iiliii)ii<|iilii''.    rhiitinil.ilh  cr  l.'-inrlni  li'  ill>iiit  >\\>\ 'iii'iii:   W  |iniiilir  Ir  ri|i>i,i 

Jii»i|iriii|rii\  I'.ii.  lull* |i  •(luli'n  iii» ill.il'i'li" iiljiiiic|iiliip.  A'./«i<  <Mi  A'l  W» k  i-l.'iillli' rt  iri''<l»»i  Mii'iit 
il'iiiH' il»ii'r>',"  •nuilwi,'  lilt  M.  nil  lirr  l.iilir'ilir.  '  uui  tllri',  ilii'/.  Ii'i"  t  rl»  f'l-/ /«>«iA>.  II 
^Hiit  ill'  K'li'iH;  liiii|i«  iirli'lliil  ilii  vi  rhv  Kl(iiiii," 

"Viili'l  ri'iiu'i'irluilt  it  11'  riili't  M.  ill  III  M.irli' lli'lliiii.'1'r,  4ii('lrii  Mil'oliiiiitlri',  iiti  iil'i  liiiriiiiii-» 
i|i>  iHiiri'  irii  >•  i|iiiMim  li'  iiili'iiv  riiiiiti  1 1  1,111^. I.'  il. .  Mli'iiiM";     '  Ki'lm'.  I'li  iiiliiiiiir,  miiI  ihni 

l.'//M(<*(m.  I./ i/i  <  >'I'(J' fiirilli'  |iir  ill  ill  lullUIH"  mi  Imllllt  •  ilr  lirri'  l(lll  ••■  <TiiI"iIII.  n.lll«  111 
|iri'liili'r«  liiii|i'  Hill'  J'l'l.il-  il.iii-  11"  iiii-ilim-.  Jr  ili  >ii mlnU  i|i  UI-iI'^imii  In  i\  «  iirli'liiii;  iv  i|rii\ 
mviiu'r"  >|iii  Ml''  III'  n  mill  in  i';iiiiil  rr|ii'i:iiil  -hum  nl  li'  iiini  Ki'Ihi'  Ji'  ii'ur  ili'itmiiiliil  ii'U«  ••  |iri' 
iPiiriili'lK  I'l  iilli'l' lilriil''il  A  «iil''lii'i'.  11"  nil' ii'|i'iiiillri'iil:  .S'lni;  ri'/nnti  If  ili  u.r  /'ilnli*  rt  I'li'/il'il 
tut  n  "I  ivi'r  fh  ill, lunn-wmiiii  Hi  (.^l  AV'«ii;t  (i<///i  A«/f/'(i."--(i/'i(«  i/7/l»'"(*v  i/k  ('iiifi'iii, 
Vol.  /.,/.,  W», 

i^iii'lii'i' I',  now  llic  ciililliil  iif  llii' I'liiUiiii' of  ijiiiliii'.  !l  Ik  INI  mill'"  N.  K.  of  Mmilri'iil,  iiml 
ni'iiily  liNi  null « fill  II  III!' If  ill' lit  SI  |.nsri':iii',  li<  |iii|i'il.iiliiii  In  isn  »,i«  .vi.iiii,  ml  iif  ilii'-i 
fi',',.l,".T  wirr  rnllinlli-.       |l  i-  ii  "llllcil  i  iiy.  mill  on  nriiiiilil  iif  II-  iiiii»-Im-  fnrlllli  iiIIhIi-,  Iki«  lii  i  ii 

Ntyliil  II (illirilll.ir  iif  Aliirrli  II  "    'In  lllirli  II!  riilli'.'i'.  fiiiiilili'il  li)  llli>  ili"-!!!!  KatUirn  III  lU.TI, 

W«i<  HI  rii|iiril  u»  II  liarr;i(k  li.v  tlu'  Kii        li  liiiii|i-  ,il'lir  l^il'J. 

(If  till' ;;ri  III  liii-lltiiliiiii"  |ii  lli.'i'lij  riMiinli'il  In  (  liiiiii|il  ilii,  iIh'  iim-l  ruiiiuiiii  I*  I, mil  I'lilvir 
I'll)'.  TliNrnllii'lii-  Ki'iii  or  li'ariiliik' »ii'-  tiiiiiiili'il  In  I <!'.'.  I ly  iIh' Siinlnary  nF  ({iii'liir,  wlilrli 
Uiii<  ItM'lt  riiiiiiil'il  III  li'ii'il,  II)  till'  M  II  'rilili'  l,:i\ul.  Ilr-i  iri-liii|>  iif  I'.iiiailii.  Ily  Ifinyiil  rliiirlrr  It 
loiifiT- iIi'lTii'  In  iirtt.  n'li'Mii  .  I'IH  nml  niiillrliii- ;  iiiiil  II  |ii...i'.»i  .  llniiil-liliii;  ■.rliii.l-  In  ink  || 
of  lliiKi-  ili'|iarliiiriil'>.  Till'  lliilv  S.'i'  lin|iinM  11  il  tlir  riiivrr-lly  lixniifir  iill  ili'ixrir"  In  ihinliiL'y; 
.itlil  111  HM,  till'  lllil-trliitl"  riil-  IX,  liy  1.1  111  I-  .\|iii«liilli'.  llil-nl  II  I  illinlllrillly  til  till-  Milk,  illu- 
lilly.  ..Ill  |ir.\lli'.'i  ••  of  II  riiiliiilir  I'lilMT-liy.  It  lia*  jii'irral  iif  iIh'  lliir-l  iiiii«i'iiin«  ami  nilln  llmi* 
fur  till'  •imly  "f  i-rl  in'i'  In  .\iii  rica,  lii'-ii|i'«  ii  riiin|ilrii'  |itillii»ii|iliiral  ii|i|iriratii-,  rlninlial  liilmm- 
(Dry.  hirliailiMii.  -iiliinlld  ualh  ry  iif  inliillin:-.  iiml  a  llliriry  nl  ,v..i««l  miIuiih'-.  .\iniiii:.'  li«  ill.- 
tlii'.iiil>lii 'I  |inilr--.'r«  lian'  li  iii  tin'  .Milir  Kirlanil.  aiilliiir  nf  Cinii'  ■!' Iliilnin  ilu  lniKiila;  Itrv, 
Dr  II  I'anncl,  aiiilmr  iif /..  /.I'nin'hitf  ;  Ua  \h-  ]V'i\\\.  M\l\\m  uI  I.i  I'limfili'il  I' IhMIHI.,I'iI!i 
(III  Smiirilii  hmU'i ;  .\lilir  l.aMiiliirr.  iilliiir  nf  A'. 'ii'iiw' 'A' ./i -"('' <;  .IikIl'i''  Miirlii.  Iriina- 
/li'.  aril  iithiTK.  Till'  Vi'r>  It'v.  Tlinna-  K.  ll.iinil.  M  A.,  V.»i..  Ui'i-tnr  of  llii'  Inlvi  r.lty,  I-  ii 
lialiM' ipf  t^iiliii'.  mill  Ha'"  liiiiii  III  l>*'ii).  Ili' inailia  >|ii  rial  itmlyof  m  ii'iiif  In  I'miii'i. —  "y/i/i. 
tory <j/' Ihd  Cul/w'k  Vharch  inthe  VniUI  .i/unf,"//.  403. 


I'd  its  >*tiliriiry 

illi'ill',  :iIhI  >MI!4 

Milling  iiiiiiiy 
•••IN  niiiH*  hi  u 
!iili'  ill  w Ullll. 
i^;:til  Ifiiiiini 
t  (III  thi>  .ill  of 

III)'  will!  I>iit 

tilt'  llio.sl    Ills- 

a  hall",  says 
swaiiiiiiiu;  lil'i'. 
,-('  niul  sicuincr 


!«»/</  thr  Hirr.  Th" 
II-  Ik  iliiiinr  i|iril  •'  t 
If  lihiiilir  li'  r(|i.i,i 
iil^iillli'r«'irt''<'l>iirMii'iil 
»  CrU  c'lft IkkiiIii.    \\ 

iitlri',  nil  ili«  iKiriiiiii'* 
I'll  liili'iiiiir,  Mill  ilirii 
M'  rriiNi'iii.  iKiiH  III 
A  t'lirji'liiii;  Iv  ili'iix 

iji'tiiaiiiliil  li'lt'*  •'    \>ti 

I  iij-  I'liiihii  if  rii'i/ii 

'l/lfluirt  </'<    C'llnX^d, 

<.  K.  of  Mmiiri'iil.  iiml 

.■):i,i;ii,  III  I  uf    iiii-) 

riii'iiiiiiiMiH.-.  ii.'i-  Imi'Ii 

.li-iili  Kutlii  rn  III  lii:!.'l, 

iiuiiii  !•  I, mil  riilvir- 
iiry  iif  (purine,  wlilili 
.     Ily  IfiM.viil  <  liiirirr  il 

l-tlllli;  -rjl  H.|.  ill  null 
II   lliU'M'  III  llllillllL'.V; 

Hilly  III  III!   Milk,  illu- 

IIX'IIIIIH  ullll  I'lllln  lliiliK 

riilii-,  rlii'iiilnil  liilKMit. 
lilir».  AliMilii.'  Il"  <ll»- 
iiirt  ilu  ruiiiiila;  Itiv, 
ii,rilt',/r/iiliiim/.illli 
.luili.'i'<  Miirlii.  iriiiia- 
if  till'  I  iiIm  r-lly,  I"  It 
iiii;  ill  fniiiii'. —■•y/id. 


nnil  u!.aiu«  .all  ana  ivaivU  .'hi.-  aud  vlll:.«p  on  IV  mIo  of 
HLh    Im.I  .loil.ii.U  ra„  d.M,oy  ll..  H...l>aH.lr.K  m-n.!....  ul 

•^T:;vC.UH  I.H..I.  au.1  a  ,iil..ur  ...nl.n  lu.iiain.H  .... 

„„.;,  ,.,^..,U..,wliha.-..mi  >a,ii.  ri..m..u..M.l..ot   ^l".ll..- 
,„   Uv.......liU...tl..ir,y.     A.n.Mi..Mium,.l..il    l..'M.oK 

;:a:si:.a.as,....nv...    Tl....vwasula.....na^u......^^^ 

hanl.anaapaHol.l.....d,ia.vnf^.on.idvj;.^h..d^ 

u';.  Imuiv  .apital  ol-  CaiM  I...  aa-l  .U.  hUo»,....  ru..,.v.s.s  In 

tilt'  Nt'w  WoiM.'  .  ,  I 

..0-,rl.ui.ltatloM,"  w.o...('lnm,.!aln.   -1.  m  f.iHy  six  am 

hi!      iful      l,iHsuital,l.r.ralls.r.s..rpans,     '1 1..' f-uvsH 

.Hork.:lwmM.v,Myki..l..nr Kniit  ......s  niv  ,.^•• 
i  ,„    \vil.»,  .»f  ...........  n.Mu.  hi.in^  .•nl.lva....l    ..s  ,1...  walnut, 

!.;;;;;,,,,,,„,  n,s,>h,.,.ry.«iv.i.l...r.y......    T!i...iv..|.p.u.lu.v 

l.sh  ill  al.nn.lan.v.  and  th.'  quantity  of  jrinn.-  is  mlinit... 

S.-arn.lv  was  th nnTstor..  of  (^U'Im-  lanl,  wln-n  a  si-n^ 

ous  pi "..r  Minvs  .-an...  to  tl avs  of  (M,a.n|.lai...     N-vyial 

has.,  an.l  tuH.uh'nt  spirits  aaionu'  th.  workn.-...  ^^  •";;;•";;; 
i„.:tn!ot  to  kill  him.  an.l  to  .h-livrr  lla-  phw"  ■«"•'; 
l,amls  of  .■...tain  S,,.nianls.  tlmn  at  Ta.loussar.  .  1  hb 
wi.  not  to  1,1,  (Ion.,  for  m.thin-.  A  va;ralmn.l  lorKsimth, 
nami-l  Duval,  was  ut  th..  h.-ad  of  tlu'  mov..,m.nt  Om-  .. 
Z  ••onspi.ators.  ,.on..M..nn..sn,itt..n.  no  .lo.bt,  .l.srov..rea 
tlm  wUoU.  ti.'mli.sU  alfair  to  fliampiain. _^ 

tiiland. 


J 


I 


n^f 


AAVlKf.  UH  ril.XMM.AtX. 


1 


Afl«>r  n  ettii'ftil  fxai.ilii.iiluii  tlKutxitit  JitMtU'(<  wun  ri.clHl 
out  lu  iIm'  rhivihnuh'i'.  ••  UuviiI'h  IhiiIv  !*w!i>«!iji;  !u.«n>  a  jflh- 
ln't,"  vmUi'v  Hiii'kiiiiiii.  "foi^*'  \vliu!t'M)ni«*  untiling  to  tlHud* 
III*  liuti  sriliiriHl;  tilltl  Ilit  li'M.l  was  (li,s|i|a,>  «>tl  on  iv  |iik«', 
frmii  till'  liiglifMt  I'uuf  uf  tlif  laiililiiifT.  I'onti  lot  hiith,  iiial  a 
IfriNtMi  lo  Mfdtli'.in.'*  'I'liiN  ad  uf  vif^oi*  it>  fHiaMislitd  miIi. 
I'lhsiuii  iiiiioiig  tli«>  iiial«ort'«'iitH.  Tlif  <.lli*'i' ^iilliy  iiii«-s  ac 
kriu\\l«Mlg«Hl  tlii'ir  Tattlt,  aixl  ircfUcd  laiiUui.  Anil  thiiH 
♦•ii(l«'<l  a  ••unHplrary  whirli  placi'd  tli<>  Infant  lolfniy  «in  iIih 
Vfiy  vt'iiftMif  d»'HtriirtluM,  Ity  nu-naiiitK  llu*  day«  of  lla*  oidy 
itiaii  rapalilc  liy  his  |iriidi-n<f  and  inancldiis  t'lifiiry  to  (aiild 
ii|t  Hiicli  a  vast  fiiti'ipriM'.  NMiiomidrd  liy  dilHiiilli»'s. 

Willi  lui'iity  flKJil  iiirii,  Cliaiiiplain  H'>olv«d  to  ^|.«'nd  IIm' 
wliiit'i' at  liiM'iM'c.  Tlif  wdiUs  ah"ady  hk%n\\  pi(ign's>»'d  as 
Ihi'  fall  iKissi'd  away;  Imf  dmirg  tlu'  I.ifig  wiiilrr,  all  liaiids 
fuiiad  Mifllcii'Ml  (ii'cii|iati(  u  (oint  and  cniiy  llif  wtiod,  or 
to  Itatth'  Willi  tilt'  iiu'viialilf  scipvy. 

It  Ni't'ins  that  the  Indiana  aimind  the  ik'w  xi'tlU'inent  w»'r«» 
n  tnis«>ral)I»'  hfid.  Tlifir  laziiu'.ss  was  n»*aily  IiouiuII^sh,  and 
llu'ir  accompIiMliiiK'nts  iiiiiy  I*'  l)i'i«>lly  siiinnu'd  up  liy  say- 
ing that  they  Welt'  sUilN'd  liai's,  lililiy  and  couaKlly  in  anrx- 
tn'HH' d»'gr(M'.  WitliHui'h  nrighltors,  li  Is  Kcarc«'ly  lu'ccssary 
to  say  th.at  Clianiplain  had  idnindant  opioitunily  for  the 
•'Xt'icisf  of  his  patience  and  charily. 

On  one  occasion  a  group  of  wrehhed  beings  was  seen  on 
the  farlher  hank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  like  wild  animals 
rlriven  by  fandiie  to  the  honlers  of  the  settlers'  clearing. 
The  ri\i'i' was  I'lill  of  drifting  ice;  none  ioiiid  cross  \\  ilhotit 
risk  of  life.  The  ludiiins  in  their  desperaiion  made  the  ai, 
tempt;  and  midway  their  canoes  were  ground  to  aion.s 
among  the  tossing  masses.  Agile  ;is  wild-cats,  they  all 
leaped  upon  a  Imge  raft  of  Ice,  tin-  scpuiws  carrying  their 
children  on  tlu'ir  shoulders,  a  feat  at  wliich  C'hamplain  mar- 
veled when  he  saw  their  starved  and  emaclaled  cordiiiim. 
Hern  they  began  a  wail  of  despair;  when  ha]iiiily  the  prf.s- 
8iue  of  other  masses  thrust  tim  sheet  of  ice  against  tho 
northern  shoi'e.  Landing,  they  sof>n  made  their  appearance 
ut  tlif  Xorl,  worn  to  sktdt'tons  and  horrible  to  look  u]>on. 


»,\VVKr.  OK  r:i.\VN.M.v 


n45 


hi;  ii<Mi>  a  trih- 
tiling  t{>  tlioH«« 
•■tl  on  u  |)ik«', 
or  hiitU,  tiiid  tl 
lal)llsli*(l  Mil)- 
iuiliy  oiH's  iM- 
Id.     Anil  tlitiM 

(•((Inny  im  (li»» 
}H  of  ilic  nnly 
iH'i^y  to  ()iiil(t 
<ultif's. 
•  I  to  sfrntl  lllH 

pl(i^l»'SM'(l    UN 

iitT,  till  luincis 
\-  liir  Wdotl,  or 

'Mlt'tnent  were 
kkiikII'hn.  and 
M(l  lip  Ity  Hiiy- 
iiKlly  ill  tiiifx- 
<'«'ly  lU'Cfi^.Hiiry 
uniJy  for  the 

H  WHS  si'cn  oil 
wild  aniiiial.H 
tl«'i-s'  I'h'ariiii;. 
(TOSH  without 
I  made  tli(>  al 
iiiid  to  titoii.s 
cjits,  tlu'y  all 
rtinyinu  tlii'ir 
laniphun  tiuir- 
(<<l  (ur.tlitiun, 
pily  tile  pre.H- 
(■(•  a<rainst  the 
fir  Jipp<'aniiice 
o  look  u]»on. 


rii..d  uUdt;>.  and.  unapj......!.  f.-ll  upo,»  a  d*nid  do,r  M 

/  ./  ..  w    -■  (huiuplaiu  for  iwu  month.  p..*«  ««  «  ImU 

I::i  .IXoH...  I  l.f  to  ,h.  dN,.t  of  .1...  Hp...tuto..,  «Uo  va..d> 

'•A;MSXl;rdiir..'adowrMi.MW..,iu^^ 

h    »1^;L  of  th«  UtlKh^  St.   Uw..t...p  l.u,  - 

rudv  atta.-li.'d  to  tli.'  soil,  It  was  .■aad..u.u.d  to  l"^,  i  ,    * 

],o.uo...  tuid  to b. att.t.-k.d  by  ItH  mi«!.  »ors of  >  '^ ,  '''^f'     '  ' 

n   I .     bv  IM-'vld........  It  gradually  (...k  Itnn  root,  ami  Ua^ 

till;.;}  l:i  lLn^.^^  .mturulU.  l  und..r  the  rigorous  .ky  of 

^Tr'Munun..r  ram.,  nud  with  it  f..h  supplies  f--  •;-- 
CM    nmlaiii  iv.oIv.mI  at  on.-,  to  l.-ia  his  lon-m.-.l.tat  -I  rv 
no    t  bv  wl.i.h.  liko  ha  SalK.  ...vnty  vars  lat.r,  ho 

!'"h      ',      ',  ,,1,       Til.     Iiilian    tilb.'s,  war-hawks  of   thn 
n,  ,;    .   of  ("  •,;..l.  was  ,,mr..  llun.  in.lilT,.r..nt,  Imt  h,.  ,.m^ 

i  n  ,.f  its  s,.i       T'li"  Aiu'irnqnin  l.Trildy  may  !>■■  «ii'!  to 

;:r.trr,;„n  <)„..:..... .'...,« ,.,  ,1,..  I .«.,..■.. .. .  .; 

Imlwa  river;  »hll..  Ilu,  llnnm  .ounl.y  lay  soulli  ..f  (■.or 


I  rurkman,  •  Ferlan.!. 


M 


nio 


fi.UrUEL  DR  ClFAMn.Afy. 


;.i:r.i  I'ay,  witliiii  < onip;initiv*'ly  uarruw  llniiJs.  The  ITurorH 
iind  Aljluiiqiiins  wcie  allu's  in  a  deadly  stiii^rJile  with  the 
Iroquois,  oi-  Five  Nations.  TLese  uc^jupied  tlie  central  part 
(»r  the  Stuti'  of  New  York,  and  were  i'aniuus  waniDis,  of 
luiidy  mould  and  fieree  c!isi.ositiou. 

The  hour  U)V  action  tjii  tlie  piU'^  tjf  Chan!i>lain  soon  ar- 
rived. An  Al!j;oniin:n  chief  from  the  wild  banks  of  the  (M- 
tawa  came  to  C^'iehe  ,  and  be,u;;ed  the  (ommaiider  to  aid  him 
against  his  enemies,  tht*  lioquois.  Ciianii»lain  consented, 
:ind  thiew  hi.s  power  on  the  side  of  liis  red  neiMld'ors,  War 
jmd  exploration  wtire  thus  destined  to  .uo  hand  in  hand. 

Ka.ly  ill  the  summer  of  1(1M».  a  war  party  in  hi,i,lr^lee  mi-iht 
le  seen  puddling  up  tlu;  St.  Luwrente,  fror.i  Quebec  towards 
.some  distant  p.rnt.  It  \vii«  a  bc.nd  of  Huron  anil  Al^cmcinin 
wan-iois,  and  ChampUiiu  was  in  ((mifany.  They  were  on 
their  way  to  attack  the  Mohawks.  Let  us  follow  tliein  : 
On  coming  to  the  IJiclielieu,'  they  tuired,  pursued  their 
ronrse  up  its  channel,  and  entered  the  beautiful  lake  which 
to-day  bears  the  name  oi  Cb.aniplaln.  He  was  the  lirst 
white  man  w].o  ["azed  on  its  crystsd  besom.' 

A  review  of  \heir  forces  slowed  that  they  mustered 
twenty  four  canoe.s  and  sixty  warriors.  To  these  may  be 
:ulde(l  (.'hamplain  and  his  two  Fienchmen,  well  armed. 

The  canoes  shot  alont?  the  waters  of  the  lake,  and,  when 
not  far  from  the  liistoric  site  of  Crown  Point,  the  allies  fell 
in  with  a  p.irty  of  their  enemies.  The  nunglcd  war-cries 
wen  eclioed  by  the  neighboring  hills  and  mountains.  Even- 
ing was  castiTig  its  sliade  over  kind  and  water.  The  Iro- 
qm)is  landed,  and  spent  the  night  in  active  preparations,  but 
the  Tlurons  and  Algonqnins  remained  on  the  lak  •,  their  ca- 
noes being  made  fast  together.  Both  rattles  had  agreed 
that  the  tight  should  be  deferred  till  daybreak. 

It  was  the  ::()th  of  July.     As  day  approached,  Champlam 


.  Tho  R,ch,.liru  rlv,.r  W  tl>o  outlet  of  I,«ko  ChamplulM.  It  falls  into  the  St.  Lawrenc.  at  the 
town  of  Sorrl,  V,  mil.  s  L.Iow  Mnntn'.il.    It  is  abmU  KO  rniUs  in  lonatli. 

■^  Tik,.  <l.:.m,-l.i„  li<s  l,o.«.-on  N.-w  York  an,l  V.f.nont.  .-.nrt  oxtomls  from  Wl.it.lml  in  the 
fo,„;'r  s,a,  .  "o  S.  l.,hn-K  ,„  Canada.  It  in  IC.i  mil..>  Ion,-,  an.l  vari..-  In  ..r..a,lt,.  from  40  ro.l  ,o 
n  L^ri;  ol-ains  n.any  i.lan.ls  an.)  i-  nav-U.U.  .hro.,h.ut  iu  .hoi.  extent.  Many  an  In. 
loric  scene  liej  aloi- itH  shoroj.-.l//itmw/.  CV''varf<u. 


'I'llt'  IIllIdlH 

i^uit'  will)  tlm 
lie  ci'iitnil  piirl 

IS  WUl'liDl'S,    vt 

plain  soon  nr- 
,riks  ol'  \\u>  01- 
hU-v  (o  iiid  liini 
ain  const'iitcd, 
i<ilil)Oi's.  War 
(I  in  liand. 
ii,i,lr^l«'f'  nii<i-ht 
^lul  (.'('  towards 
:miU  AIji-on([uin 

They  were  on 
s  I'ollow  them  : 

|.ursii('(l  flu'ir 
it'ul  lake  wliic'li 
'  was  the  lirst 

they  mustered 
these  may  be 
ell  armed, 
idv*^,  and,  when 
,  the  allies  fell 
ngled  war-cries 
untains.  Even- 
ater.  The  Tro- 
reparatiuns,  but 
'  lak  •,  tlieir  ca- 
ies  had  agreed 
ik. 
lied,  Chami)lain 


)  llie  SI.  Lawrencii  ut  the 

Is  from  Wliitclmll  in  Ilia 
II  liriMilth  from  ID  rods  ii> 
)1j  exluiit.    Many  an  liL- 


■ 


I. 


■% 


ml 


m 


'^i~'A 


< 


X 

h- 

u. 
O 

UJ 


< 

QQ 

UJ 
I 


C3 

Z 

I 

u. 

z 
< 

a. 

< 
u 


SAMUEL  DE  (JlJAiinMy- 


847 


and  his  two  fullow.'rs  put  on  thr  lifd't  '»nnor  ui  ti..'  tiuu-. 
(niiiini.biM  wo.v  tlhMluubI..t  and  loii-  !>">"  t'-i-n  I'l  vyU',-. 
Over  tiu"  (luiibh't  h."  buckled  on  a  birast ph.tr.  and  probably 
a  iKirk  pieco,  whil.5  his  tlii-hs  u.-iv  pvohTt.-d  by  r,,,ss.s  ol 
steel.  an<l  his  head  by  a  l-lunied  casqu...  Ar.oss  li's  slioul- 
iler  Inii-  the  strai)  <.f  his  bandoleer,  or  aaiiminiiK.i!  l)n\  ; 
iithis  side  was  his  sworl.  and  in  his  hand  his  arqiiebiise,' 
v.hieh  he  had  loaded  will,  loar  balls.  Sueli  was  the  r.i.iip- 
„,,.„,  „r  this  an-lent  Indian  ny-hter,  whos,.  ..xploMs  datH 
eleven  years  b.-l'ore  the  lai.dir^'  ..f  tlu-  I'uritai.s  at  liy- 
month.  and  sixly-s::c  years  b.for'  Kh,-   IMul.p's  W  ar.^ 

\t  ihe  lirst  ravsof  the  nio'.nin,^  sun.  the  lluK.ns  and 
\i'o-,„Mnins  land.-d,  takin-  <-:.re  to  eoneeal  iMianiplain  and 
Li^two  lolh.wers  in  the  n/.dst  of  their  ranks,  On  the  other 
si.h'  ab:ml  two  hundred  Iroquois  advanc.'d  IVoni  tiieir  rudo 
barricade..  Thev  weie  bold,  fierce  lookin-  varnors.  and, 
stenp'l  to  the  Inittle  «;Tu.in<l  with  much  order  and  wteadi- 
ne.ss.  At  their  head  were  thref  chi.d's,  whose  long'  plumes 
made  them  cfmsi)icnous. 

Tlie  contendini;  hosts  v.cre  soon  face  to  face.  J  he  allies 
now  opened  their  raidcs,  and  loudly  called  on  their  champ!..ii 
to  advance.  Champlain  canu-  to  the  front,  and  only  halte,l 
about  thirty  steps  fiom  the  Iroipiois.  lie  appealed  like  a 
Avarlik.'  appariti.m  in  their  path,  an<l  th.-y  stood  starin-  m 
mute  astonishment  at  the  odd  ch)thing-  and  calm,  dauntless 
bearing''  of  the  stranger. 

But  after  a  miunent's  hesitation,  however,  they  prepare-l 
to  attack  the  allies.  Champlain  cpiickly  raise.l  his  gun  to 
his  shoulder,  and  took  a  N\.dl-direct>'d  aim.  Two  of  the 
Irocuiois  chiefs  dropped  dead,  and  (me  of  the  warriors  was 
m(ntally  wounded.  Then  arose  a  wild  yell  such  as  would 
have  drowned  a  thunder-clap,  and  the  air  was  thick  with 
arrows.  Siuhh'nly  the  two  Frenchmen  came  to  the  front, 
and  another  deadly  discharge  of  iire-ainis  did  its  work.  The 
Iroqnois  broke  and  fled  in  terror,  and  the  victory  ^^as  coni- 

~7Thi^7r<iiiO„.so  «n«n  mntrh.nrk  or  tlromrU  ^o,n..wlut  liUo  U.c  m^l.m  rLubiue.  an  1  fn.ui  i-i 
c!i..rliu>-  iK.t  ill-^ullca  for  i;;:o  m  U.c  {oK^\..-l\ukn.aiu 
»  rarliiiian. 


\' 


:m8 


SA.VL'EL  DE  CllAMFLMN. 


plt'tt'.  Th<»  savagH  joy  of  the  IIuioiih  a?iJ  Algon(|uln.s  at 
the  Hpeedy  and  tiiimipUaiit  issue  of  the  cjutiict  was  inde- 
scri'oabU'.' 

The  victors  made  a  prompt  retreat  from  the  scene  of  their 
triumph.  Three  or  four  days  brought  them  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Richelieu.  Here  tliey  separated;  the  Huroiis  and 
Algonuuins  made  for  the  Oriawa  their  liomeward  route- 
each  with  ti  shuie  of  prisoners  for  future  torments.  At 
parting  they  invited  Champlain  to  visit  their  towns,  and 
aid  tliem  again  in  their  wars  -an  invitation  which  this  pahi- 
din  of  the  woods  failed  not  to  accept.' 

1  Tims. lid  NfwFrmir.Tii-.h  Inl.x  olli.i,.i.  with  tlu'  r.doiil)!...!  warrinr^  <.f  IIh'  FIvr  NallonH  llrm 
iva-  III..  l).-innlntr-i<i  M.nioiiuMMir.'.  .l..ul.ll.>s  Iti.' ..."-  "  »  l"ii>.'  -'"H'  <.rniMr.l.r<m-..onnHl,-, 
hearini:  liav...'  aiul  llanK  to  p'n.Tall.MH  >vt  ..niv.m.  r,„.„,i,lain  l.a.l  inva.l.Ml  tli,'  tl-rr  mI,'!., 
onrt  1H.W.  i>.  ^timlUirca  fury,  tlio  pulicul  busatjc  would  liu.  •jldU.tf  Ul«  du>  of  liiwd.-y^i/Av/.a/i. 

s  ralkimli), 


I 


I 


\lgon(|ulns  nt 
iict  was  iiulc- 

scene  of  tlieir 
to  the  nioutli 
i  Huroiis  aiitl 
Hwaid  route — 
tornu^nts.  At 
eir  towns,  and 
liicli  this  iiahi- 


till' FIvrNlllloilB  lIlTO 
orinnrilcrdMfcnnlliit.s 
viidril  till'  Ilnri-''* (It'll, 
if  UtoviL- I\iikiitan. 


ciiAPTKn  n.. 

now   A  TAinWAY  TO  CHIXA   WAS   NOT  FOrXP, 

CInn.phns  Ti.sit  to   Fnmeo-Iietnrn^  h    (Unmlo-The 
a(Lk  on  an.  Im>,ois  fortres.-Meets  fico   un.fnr,/;. 

^Ws  vmraHinq  Ml  ond  orVnt,i-Thv  ///>/W</    ^^i 

V,;' ,slrvan,^Ahjon<inin  fear  of  Ihe   IroqHO>s-At  the 
Chaiulicre  Feu  Is— In  Franre. 

Champlivin  0.1  his  return  to  Quebec,  resolved  to  proceed 
to  France,  in  order  to  render  an  account  to  )e  M-nus  o  the 
work  which  he  had  ac-onq-lished  in  the  ^v,  de.ness  of  (  an- 
^d-  du  n.  tlu-  last  twelve  n.onths.  He  sailed  ,n  the  la  l  o 
'lO(i)  in  cmupany  with  Pontgrave,  leaving  as  <.onnnandant 
in  his  absence  Capt'iin  Peter  Chauvin. 

The  em  of  the  Canadian  forests  was  favorably  received 
bv  emT  I V  ,  to  uh(  n»  he  presented  a  belt  wrought  .n  ein- 
JCv  o  t  e  dved  quills  of  the  rorcnp:.-.  'Hw^  hvely 
K  1  ktened  with  pleasure  as  Chan.plain  recounted  li.s  ex- 
^^i^;!:^d  adv.^rtnres  by  lake,  and  1^-)--^^  -;^  ^i;; 
vLr  The  stav  in  V^ranre,  however,  w».s  b-ief.  Kul>  in 
rnei.    .1»^*^J*'^^        ,  .         t  to  sea,  and  soon  reached 

Q^eir "' b^ S  his  men  in'excellent  health  and  spirits 
^S  A'J  C\v^m^^\^^m  take  a  moment's  rest.  He  longed 
to  eK;io  e  tt  nntwn  solitudes.  He  wos  met  by  Indian 
^.nm  tTons  He  was  earnestly  sought,  as  a  valuable 
'i?;"'h  wa.  both  to  fight  and  to  explore,  but,  to  use 
,.^  .^„  1.^  imrl  "  f  wo  strings  to  his  bow\"    The  Ai- 

t^Sr^tni  TaXn  rufm  .on,,a»„  Bay.  ,heH,u;o„s 

SThey  wouMAowhim  the  Great  Uk^s,  v.ith  the  „„nes 
S  copper  on  their  shores;  and  to  each  the  same  re^rd  .as 


I 


a:o 


RMdUfil  DK  CJAMPIATX 


I 


pi'onMsitl  to  juiu  iIh'Ih  iipu'mst  fbn  cunirnon  Top,  tlif  dendly 
liuqiijis.  Tfj"  it'iitle/votis  wns  at  \\w  Tiioiitli  of  tlu'  Hivrr 
Kitlu'lipii,  jifid  fhifhtT  Champfaln  no'v  r*'[».'ilrH(l.' 

It  w.is  p:ist  tilt' iiiidill  '  of  .liitie  when  flu.'  ever  active  ♦>v. 
]i]oi'ev readied  the  point  of  destination,  lie  wnsntcdiiip'inieil 
l\v  four  of  his  men,  and,  as  for  AI;,'oiu|iiin  warriors,  they  were 
in  abmidaiice.  Siiddeid y  a  war  <My  was  laised.  A  (larty  of 
Alvriiiuiiiiiis  liad  discovered  about  (»tit!  hundred  Iroquois 
HiroiiL-ly  enlreiiclied  in  the  woods  itt  some  distance  away. 
The  (iieiny  had  formed  a  circular  barricad.e  by  means  of 
]arjj;e  fallen  trees,  witli  the  bran<'hes  cicssed  and  ititerla(ed. 
AVitii  wild  yells  the  savages  rushed  to  attack  this  wooden 
fortress. 

Champlain  and  Ids  men  were  left  behind  in  the  race  :  and 
without  waiting  for  them,  the  Algonquin  warriors  diaiged 
the  Iroiiuois  eiitrencliments.  They  were  very  warirdy  rf- 
ceived.  and  were  far  fidin  liaving  made  any  [irogn  ss  when 
Cliamplain  ai)peare(l  on  the  !'cene.  A  shout  now  arose  that 
resounded  foi- miles  tin ovgh  tlie  unbroken  forests,  and  the 
attack  wasi'enewed  witli  despeiation  as  the  allies  surrounded 
the  enclosuie.  The  Iroquois  i'oi'.ght  iike  tigers;  but  again 
tlie  gun  did  its  worlc,  Even  tl:e  tierce  Jfohav.  k  qiuiiled  be- 
fore the  <U'stnirtive  fire  of  the  wliite  man;  th«  iiirrricadeH 
were  scaled,  and  the  awful  v/ork  of  carnage so(m  !<  .'inliiated. 
"By  the  grace  of  (lod,"  wrote  Champlain,  "  l)eliol(l  the  bat- 
th'  wnnl"  But  he  did  not  escape  nnharnied.  A  stone- 
headed  ai'row  had  split  his  ear,  and  toin  its  way  through 
the  muscles  of  Ins  neck. 

The  next  day  a  reinforcement  of  two  imndred  Tliimns 
and  Algonquins  arrived,  undei-  the  command  of  a  famous 
chief  cidled  Iioquet.  In  harsh,  guttural  tones  the  newcomer.^ 
londly  exp-es^ed  regret  at  not  l>"ing  in  time  t(»  take  part  in 
f]i(:.  )f.cvnt  light  vith  the  INfohawks  ,  but  their  joy  was  nn- 
bonnr'.f-d  it  .'^eeing  for  the  first  time  the  Europenns  of  wjiorn 
Ihey  har)  heru'd  .;o  much.  The  rude  son  of  the  forest  viewed 
the  hardy,  conrteovis,  and  adventurous Mon  of  France,  with  his 
strange  d/ess,  strange  appeariinc.^  and  stranger  weapons,  as  a 


>  Purktnan. 


s.\.ML'f:i.  m:  cjn.nnM.y. 


'AM 


\  lilt'  (le;i(lly 

(if  tilt'  Hiv«'i' 

il.' 

.•er  iicfive  ♦'*: 

fU<'(i?lll)'lIlitMl 

MS,  they  w»'ii' 
A  (liirty  ol' 
I't'd  iKMiiuiis 
stiiiUT  iiwiiy. 
bv  inriiiis  of 
(!  intcrliKcil, 
tlii.s  wooden 

he  rare :  nrul 

iors  (liiiiged 

warinlv  re- 

ft 

!'(nrn  ss  when 
»\v  fuose  that 
ests,  antl  the 
s  sniToiinded 
s ;  hiii  ajrain 
V  quailed  be- 
ii«  ir!i:n'U'ades 
n  t'  .'wiiiii'ed. 
'liold  thi'  bat-- 
d.  A  stone- 
way  tliron<ih 

dred  TInrons 
of  a  fanions 
iie  newcomer?! 
take  part  in 
•  joy  was  11  n- 
niis  of  whom 
forest  viewed 
anoe,  wifli  his 
weapons,  as  a 


wonaerfunnn.an.Mniusity    ia  short,amosMnys  e:ouslM.  .,  . 
Ib.foie  bi.bli.u^.Kl^MMohN  dusky  n..«uas,  Cha,up,nn- 

,,H.s,ed  .he  .-hief,  l.oque,,  to  .ak-  w.th  hnn  a  y.-MUK  I.e.  l^ 
, nan  who  was  to  visit  the  hikes,  nveis.  and  M.m.->,  .md  at 
;::;a:::tin.e,learuthelnUan,on,,.e.  '»'he.l..-  n.;H..y 
,.nsented,  b:.t  promised  to  treat  the  youn^'  man  :-  hs 
;,;:;,  ..n;  and  in  return  Chan.plain^  took  . .. h  hnn  a  . 
,,^,,,i,.,i  ,o  I'aris  a  yonng  ilnn.n,  to  whom,  he  Kt>^»■  th-  lunn 

of  SavisjfM):!.  .,11    ..,,1   ,,,.'.«. 

When  (Mnniplain   reached  (Mebee,  he   hnard   sad  n^  ..s 
Henrv  IV    h;el  fMlen  under  tlie  knil'e  of  an  assassu,.      1  h  ■■ 
•ovarfri.md  who  had  smiled  ....  all  his  enterprises  was  no 
luoie.     lie  at  once  hastened  to  Franv  in  the  interest  oL  the 

'"'u  nils  time  there  lived  at  Paris  a  ^.fted  and  bKUitifnl 
.u-\    Mile,.    Helena  l^onMe,  dau^l.ter  of   ^n•ho!as   li.nlle, 

^Hcreta.yor  the  Royal  Chamb,..;,     ^^^^ ^'^' ^''V      Z'^^^' 
of  a-e,  and  was  (h'stined  to  be  (M.amphun  s  brid-.       he  ma  - 
vi...;   00k  plaee  early  in  KUl.    The  hardy  v.teran  ot  sea  and 
1,,,:.    „„t   onlv    lovel    his  ehil  I  wife,   but   heeame   her  n.- 
strnctor,  and  "had  the -lory  of  making  her  a  p:o.is  and  sin- 
cere Cat^iolic.     She  had  b..en  seeretly  brought  iq.  a  I  =..'est^ 
ant-a  fact  nnknoun  to  him  for  some  time,     (o.d  blesse,! 
them,  and  to  the  end  they  were  n.ost  happy  ••ompann.ns^ 
Ona.rount  of  her  e.Ktreme  youth,  however,  (M.:nnphnn  lett 
ins  wife  to  reside  ft  Paris,  near  h.«r  parents;  and  tM.  y-ars 
pii«sed  away  before  she  followed  him  t.)  Canada  to  share  his 
toils  an  I  his  hardships.  .     .    ^^    ,  i  ,.« 

In  Mav,  1011,  Champlain  was  again  in  Quebee.  passed  up 
the  river,  nnd,within  the  pr«.^nt  limits  of  iheeity  of  ^fon- 
real  .deared  a  pieee  of  ground  as  a  site  lor  a  tra.l.ng  post. 
]I.  eldled  it  Plaee  iioyale,'  lie  had  numy  a  long  eonlerenre 
^vith  the  Indians,  and  on  one  occasion  he  made  the  exp-ri- 
ment  of  shooting  Hi.  Louis  Rapids  in  a  birch-bark  canoe. 


.  Tho  ha.„i.a.  cf  the  ^y  Xan«  .as  h.iU  on  a  „or,:on  of   V,..,:.n-  ^  P.ac.  (!ny:..o.  - 


i 


r^' 


<«■ 


•.io^2 


-P.J.Vl'A'A  DK  CII.\MN.MS. 


A  few  inon'hs  ]\\Wv  w««  liiid  liitii  in  I'nnu't'.  Fii  spit*'  of 
nil  hls^tltnts,  iIjm  litflH  cok'iiy  in  Cuniidii  was  fii(lin;<  iiwiiy. 
Ho  iiloiiH  vvus  itf  lift*  uiul  soul .'  Bii»  s((iin'iliiii^f  iihik'  was 
iiff't'ssiii y.  Anotlh^r  was  wanted.  A  |u»\\t'itnl  piotrctc  r 
iniist  Im'  had  a  >;irat  ikiiii<>  to  sliit-ld  tiit>  riitnpiiM'  I'loia 
nHsaiilts  iiiul  iiitii^iM's  <»r  jealoiiH  rival  Inttrt'sts.  On  i»'a<h- 
iag  Pails,  he  udditsM'd  himself  to  ii  prince  of  the  bleed, 
(Jllalies  of  Bjini)UIl,  CJoilltr*  <le  Soissons;  «leN('ril>ed  New 
Fiailie,  its  I'esotnces,  its  hoiiutlle.s.s  extent,  llljied  tjic  need 
of  iinroldiii;^  a  niy.steiy  pregnant  jieihaps  \,ifh  results  of 
ihe  dneivst  moment,  laid  liefoie  liini  ^lllI^•■  tir.d  memoirs, 
and  be-rj^ed  him  to  become  the  guardian  of  this  new  'vorhl. 
The  royal  consent  bein^^  obtained,  the  Comle  de  Soissoiis 
became  Lieutenant  (ieneral  for  the  Kiii^f  iti  New  h'rance, 
with  vicerej^al  powers.  These,  in  turn,  he  conferred  u|ion 
Champlain,  makinj^  him  his  lieutenant,  with  full  control 
over  iht!  trade  in  fuis  at  Jii;d  above  Quel'ec,  and  with  |)ower 
to  associate  with  himself  su(  h  persons  as  he  saw  lit,  to  aid 
in  the  exploration  and  settlement  of  (he  country.' 

Ayain  Champlain  is  on  die  Atlantic,  wiili  the  prow  of  his 
vessel  turned  towaids  the  New  Worhl.  lie  arrived  at  (>inH- 
bec  in  May,  ICii;},  after  an  absence  ttf  nearly  two  years,  dur- 
in^jj  which  he  had  been  nrueasirgly  c ccnpied  in  furtlierin^- 
the  interests  of  the  little  colony.  He  found  all  in  excellent 
health,  a  ]>roof  of  the  salubrity  of  the  climate. 

It  had  lon^  been  the  desire  of  C'hampla'n  to  penetrate  the 
preat  country  of  the  west.  One  of  his  men,  named  Nicholas 
dr.  Vi^non.  had  passed  si  winter  with  the  Al^onquins  of  the 
Ottawa.  He  came  back  with  ii  tale  of  wonders;  for,  writes 
(jhamplain,  "he  was  the  most  impudent  liar  that  has  been 
seen  for  many  a  day." 

He  averred  that  at  t.he  sonrces  of  the  Ottawa  he  liad 
found  a  ffreat  lake,  that  he  liad  crossed  it,  and  discovered  a 
river  fio",'ing  northwards;  that  he  had  descended  this  river, 


with  Inrtnns  lo  an  Isinni  In  iho  rar>'(ls,  to  shrjot  heroilH,  nnd  was  drowned  in  the  dcwi'nt.    Tlie 
third  «iis  Chiimp'ii;n  himwlf  -  P.vhnan. 

'  S  noo  iho  rtnaihor  Hono'  IV  ,  Do  Mon:s  bad  logt  all  the  influoncc  which  ho  had  before  pos- 
nwrd  ii:  f'niirt,  -,l*ftf  Ferland, 

•  Pitrkman, 


HAMUKI.  in-:  C7/.'. »//•/,. I /.v. 


'xa 


\n  spilM  (if 
t  fiidin;^  iiuiiy. 
liii^'  iiuno  uiH 
rl'iil  |ii()f«'rt<r 
itnitii.«-c  I'ldiii 
M.  On  ifjirh- 
<il'  llw  lt|(;()«l, 
I'.scrilu'd    Si>\v 

t^cd    I  lie   l|«M'(l 

illi  rt'MiIlM  f)t' 
:ir;(l  ntfiiHiiis, 
li.s  new  noild. 
»'  de  Soissdiis 

New  l''ijmct', 
)TdV'ii»'d  uiidii 
li  full  r(»iitnil 
tid  willi  powt'i* 
^jiw  lit,  to  aid 
try.' 

'A'  prow  of  liis 
ri'ivcd  af  Qnn- 
\vo  ycais.  «liir- 

in  fuilliMiii^ 
ill  in  excellent 

)  per.etnde  the 
niied  Xicluila.'* 
•iKluins  of  tlie 
'is;  for,  writes 
that  has  been 

\tin\a  he  had 
(I  discovered  a 
led  this  river, 

n  In  the  dosci'Dt.  The 
Ich  ho  had  before  po«- 


nnl  .va.h.-d  Ih.'  shuivH  of  11..'  ^Hu;  that  heiv  lie  had  se.,, 
II,..  w,v<.k  of  an  KiiKii>l'  -^>^V'  wi.us.M,  -w.  e^eapniK  U>  Iniid. 
1,;„|  i„.,.,i  kill.-d  l.v  llM'  IndiaMH;  and  that  this  s.-a  ua.s  din- 
tant  fi...n  Muniival  only  ...v.nt...-n  days  by  eaiiue.  I Uo 
rl.Mii.^.HH,  e  MHisteiioy,  ""d  appar-iit  siinpHnty  of  his  stoiy 

dei-eivHil  ('Iiainplain. 

\nxi.MHto>..to'ir  onihe  piiib<.l  dismviy.  the  ilnstii- 
OMs  ..NiM.ivr  l.d't  (!..•  isl.of  SI.  Ib'N.na'  in  May.  utth  l>v.. 
<,um ..  r..;ii  Fren.-h.n.'.i,  and  an  Indian.  Th-y  V^^^'d  «.vef 
LaU."  St.  LoiiiH.  and  enteivd  the  Oltasvu  rivr.     Chainpla  ii 

r .i.ntH  his  vovaife  vith  smh    ehaiiirss   thai,  ainoiiK  I  "' 

n.auv   d.'tails  ^.von,   it  is  still  .piil.'  easy  I.,  ivro-ni/.-  tlie 
spot's  whirl,  llH  visit..  I.      Il's  desriiption    .f  ll.r  pirtures.p.« 

site  of  th,^  pivM-iH  city  or  l);tawa  is,  in.l I,  niost  lururate. 

I'ushin-alon-  his  rii«^."d  way.  h-  earn.'  to  tla- Ish-  d.-.s 
AllMM..«tt..s,  th.'    prinnpd    s.-at   of   th.'     \l,i,^oM.piin   nation. 
Nolliiii-eau  pietniv  th.-  astonishui-nt  of  ih.-  dusky  lioi.le, 
wh.-ii  th  -vsawClian.pIain  -the  "jrieat,  FiHicli  wur-eaptain. 
Warriors  stool  in   ainaz.'nient.  s.piaws  stared,  and    nak.-d 
H.iM.vn  ran  away.     A  ^hiH^.lVrl.■d  th^.-alnniet,  rNrlainimix: 
'■Th.-s..  whit.'  HH'n  must  have  fall.-n  from  llw  ''h'uds.     II<.\v 
dse  .'ould  thev   hav.'  reach.' I  ns  thioii-h  th-  w..ods  and 
rapids  whi.-h  ;'v..n  wm  lind  It  hard  to  pass^    Th.'  Kivnch 
,.i,i,.f  can  do  anythin-.     All   that   w  hav  h.'ai.l  ot  hiin 

must  hi'  tni.'."  . 

After  a  ivpast  of  lish,  (Mitimplain  hnst.Mi.'d  to  ].ny  his  re- 
spects toTess.aiat,  on.Mif  th-  most  i.ow.Tful  of  th.'  Aluon- 
tpdn  chiefs.  'I'.'ssonat  was  astonished  and  ov.'ijoy.'.l.  Uh 
jTuve.'xpn'ssi.)Usto  his  f....limjrs  of  unusual  d.'liuhr  by  niak- 
sn-  II  sol.'iun  f.'ast.  All  the n."i,^dlbol•in,- chi.d's  wviv  invited, 
and  t lie  <;d)in  was  wll  swept. 

The  siniiular  ceremony  and  what   TolloWed  it  cannot    »e 

better  d.'scrib.'d  than  in  th.'  pi.'tuivs.pi.'  laniiuair.'  of  Par.c- 

man      Champlain  an.l  his  Fivnchm.'U,  writ.'s  the  i-rince  ot 

American  word-paint.-rs,  were  seated  on  skin.*  in  tlu- place 


I 


'  I'arUman. 
'  A  lillli-  i-liuii: 
of  lii-i  wifo 


1  in  the  81.  Lawrence,  near  the  city  of  Montreal.    Charapluiu  .mmud  It  iu  honor 


It 


:i.*.4 


S.l.\nKI.  UK  i'lIAMPl.My. 


M 


i)f  hull...',  inul  tU.'  tiiikHtl  .;ue*fH  iip|>«'aivj  iinjnlfk  siim<«. 
Miull,  ♦•aril  vvJtU  Ills  wood*"  dlslj  iiud  hjiojU.  hikI  .'inh  ♦jtiril. 
lutiiiKlii"*K<"l«"'"'  NuliilHio  lu'Hloop^diit  flii'l(A\  t|(.».i.  Tiic 
Hp:u'l«»UH  <iil»iii  wiis  fiiM  Tlu'  .otiKi«K:il«-»l  wiHli-ni  nml 
i.iow^'ss  of  III.'  iiiifioii  sit  I'NiHMt.mt  on  ilu-  lunv  ♦■uitli. 
K:,,!,  long  bur.-  imu  tliniMt  fuitli  ilstlisli  in  turn,  iis  tlie  lost 
wivkI  out  til.'  l)iiiK|u»'t,  in  Nvhlrli,  nn  i'oui1»'»y  eiijoimii,  he 
himself  wiiH  to  liiivi'  iK»  nIi.ii.'. 

KiiHf.  ii  niMN^  of  iH.uii.l.l  mai/.',  wh.T.'ln wm'boil.ii,  wiili- 
out  Slit  ni(»r^«'lH  of  nsliaiul<laik,Mnil)H(.l'  m.-at;  thnfi,  tisli 
und  H.'hU  bioiU-d  on  th.'  fiubpis,  with  u  knttlH  of  rold  uatH- 
fioiu  tliH  rIvHr.  Chan.i.lain.  in  his  wi^*.•  diMiust  cf  Ottawa 
rookei-y,  contin.'d  hinis.'ino  th.- >*imi>l«'r  and  Ihss  iLiil.tliil 
viandH*  A  tVw  ininut.-s,  an<l  all  alikf  had  Nanishnl.  Tii.- 
ketth's  WHi'H  «'iniity.  ^  ,  .  , 

Th.'U  pipes  weiH  niU'd  and  foiich.'d  witli  Inv  bmiifrhf  in 
bv  (hr  diit.'ous  s.piawH,  whih'  tlir  youn^  ni.-n  wlio  had  ^^U-<  d 
rhfon-'..(l  about  tlu'  cntianrr  now  niod»'sily  witlidiew.  and 
tin-  door  was  closed  f(.r  rounst'l.  l-Misf,  tho  piji^-s  «♦..« 
passed  DChan.plain.  Then,  lor  lull  half  an  h.-ur,  the  as- 
WMublv  smoked  in  silence.  At  lem-ih.  uhen  the litfinji  tune 
WMsro.ne,  he  nddiess.'d  them  in  a  spe»^rh  in  whieh  he  «le- 
rlared  that,  moved  bv  allVction,  he  visited  their  r<.untry  to 
see  its  rlrhness  and  its  beauty,  and  to  aid  then,  in  th.-ir 
wars;  and  he  now  be-^ed  thetn  fo  furnish  hin-.  with  lour 
canoes  and  ei-ln  ...en  to  ronvy  him  to  the  coMntiy  ol  the 
Nipissin-s,  a  tribe  dwelling  northward  on  the  lake  which 

bears  their  name.  ,    ^       ii        i 

His  audience  looked  prave,  for  they  were  lait  col.l  and 
JHah.us  frien.ls  of  the  Nipissln^'s.  For  a  time  they  dis- 
"coursed  in  nu.rmurin-  tones  amon-  themselves,  all  smok- 
in-  meanwhile  with  redoubled  vi-or.  Then  1  essonat,  chief 
of  tliese  forest  rei)ublicans,  rose  and  spoke  in  behall  ot  a  i: 
"We  always  knew  you  for  our  best  friend  anion^^  the 
Frenchmen.  We  love  you  like  our  own  diildren.  But  why 
did  you  break  your  wo,  d  with  us  last  year,  when  we  all  went 
down  to  meet  you  at  Montreal,  to  give  you  presents  and  jjo 
with  you  to  wari    You  were  not  there,  but  other  l-iencU- 


<]  »'iirh  ♦•jjMU- 

o\v<l(n>r.   'riu» 

wisdom    iiiul 

)>  |lllt>'  fU  It  li. 
•n,  lis  tlie  >:<iMt 
y  eiijiiiitfti,  he 

Hl>ftlK'«l.  with- 
f'lif;  tiiHii,  lii^li 

of  r(il«l  Wiitf'P 

ilHl  (f  Ottawa 

Ihss    ilflliitl'lll 

anhlu'fl.     Tlio 

iH  bioiifflit  in 
wiio  had  sU'cd 
witlnliHW.  atul 
K*   i>ip»'S   \v»'ie 

hour,  tlif'  as- 
llicfittiim  tlnu'! 

which  ht'  <le- 
u'ir  country  to 

thtrii  ill  th»'ii' 
hiti'i  with  ioiir 
coimtiy  of  lilt! 
he  lak«'  whicii 

»  lull  cold  and 
time  thny  dis- 
IvcH,  all  smok- 
Tcssonat,  chief 
n  lu'half  of  all: 
•nd  aiiion<r  the 
Ircn.  But  why 
•hen  we  all  went 
nvsents  and  fio 
;  Cither  Fiench- 


won  wor,.  thov.,  who  ahu.e.l  „s.     NVe  ulM  nernr  p.  .t^nln 
Ah  fur  th..  lour  niiMie..  you  shidl  have  th.m    if  nou  iu.l. 
mou  it  ;  h.il  II  Uil.'ve.  us  to  think  of  iheha.d.hi|.HyuM  n.u^ 
nduiv      The  NiplsniuK-^  have  weak  hearts     they  ».v  uoud 
:\;,,„,in.a^M.Mhey  kill  UH  with  chain.,  .md^.^^^^^^^^ 

poison  us.   Theivforo  w«  ui-.i  uti  bud  t^nns  with  the,,,.    I  hey 

will  kill  VOil,  too."  , 

Such  was  the  pith  of  'IVHsouut'M  discourse,  ami  nt  each 
cla.ls.,  the  conclavM  respo.ided  l.i  uulsou  with  an  ai^'imin^ 

'"chan.l.lalu  nr«ed  his  petition;  sou^jlH  to  relieve  iMr 
,..,„|..,  .,,.„pi..s  in  his  hehalf;  assund  then,  '>'="'""- 
di  MM,  proof,  and  that  he  feared  m.  haidsh.ps.     .\t  Lnuth 

U.  gained  his  p :,iut,    Tl anoes  an.l  ih  •  tm'H  w."«e  W'"""-;  ' 

nndseein,^  hi:n.elf.  as  h..  tho,.,l,t,  on  the  highway  to  1, 
p,„„to,n  Northern  Se;,,  he  K,f:  his  ..nlctainers  to  the,, 
MUM  an  I  with  a  liMlit  heart  issue.l  from  the  cl.ne  and  smoky 
JA  to  iMvaihe  th..  fresh  nir  of  the  afternoon.  ^  lie  visit...l 
the  Inlian  Hells,  with  their  y.Mu:^  crop,  of  p.unpKins.  Leans, 
.,nd  French  peas  the  last  a  novelty  ohlaim-d  l.'oin  th.'  tiad- 
;.rs  Here,  Til  .iuis,  the  interpreter,  soon  joined  hiin  with  a 
r.Minl.M,ancM  .»f  III  news.  In  the  ahsem-e  of  Champlain.  the 
assembly  had  reconsidered  their  assent.     The  camn-s  were 

***Witii:i  troiilded  miml  he  hastend  a^'ain  to  the  hall  of 
,.,„„„,il,  and  addressed  the  naked  senate  in  terms  better 
suited  to  his  exl^ieiicies  than  to  their  di-nity  : 

-I  th.M,-ht  von  were  men.  I  lh«.mihl  y«>H  nvouM  hold 
fast  to  vonr  uo'rd;  bull  lind  y<.n  .•hildren  without  truth. 
Yon  call  vours."lves  n,y  friends,  yet  yon  b,vak  faith  with 
me.  Stilf,  I  would  not  incommode  yon ;  ami  it  you  cannot 
cive  mc^  four  canoes,  two  will  serve." 

The  burden  of  the  reply  was,  rapids,  rocks,  cataracts,  ami 
the  wickedness  of  tlm  Nipissinffs. 

"This  youns  nuin,"  rejoined  fMinmplnin,  pointm-  to 
Vi.rnom  who  sat  ly  his  sid.-,  "1ms  been  to  their  country, 
and  did  not  lind  the  road  or  the  people  so  bad  as  you  have 
sr.id." 


liJ 


u.*o 


.H.I.I/r/.A  DN  fllAMVI.MS. 


ti 


l):>it 


H 

tini 


tt 
If. 


(Ir«-ii 

•'Vi'l 

HI)  I 

than 


j.ir 
th.' 

WllM 
NtOI 
H)li| 
UIIM 


11 


11  r 
\ 


now 
liat 


wei 

8t2l 
sill 

Th 
and 
l«?n 
tinio 


fitly  itiut  yi)U 


fi«?*»'iiili|v,  iumI 


I  a^ 


Ui.li 


r»v 


'ilH 


Hill. 


;(l  Hittii  I 
inoiiUii.M  lio.st; 
M)ii^  in>  cliil- 
K:  iil:<l  if  \ti|| 
il  liiiol  liavtt 
t*  ho  iiii|iU(l<'nC 
Ills  life  ;iliM)|i;{ 

ten  IllU'X  \\(l|>t! 


Hilt    inotiotllcsH 


l>!n   Miul  coii- 
11  tl 


IIM    >t'il    (I 


III    tl«>   IKK 


f 
I  ^ili(l 
II  ri'iH'iilcd  liiM 
of  ail  Kii;iliNli 
boy,   ini^oiifr 


.     •'  i«)U  Jii'c  a 
wliiit  liviisr' 


ii'li  ('liiiiiipliiin 
is  (|U('.sti()iu'i'M; 
ilil  not  ultt'i"  a 


sa 


11(1  lii^ 


licnrt 


a  incasurH  at 
jih  so  near,  he 

an  iMi|i<)st(ir. 
mI  and  moody  ; 
I  doiihts.  At 
dclKiitui'c,  tliu 
bclorc  liiin. 


*-^ 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


j^o 


o 


ss 


V 


/Si 


iLi 


'<M.v 


V. 


% 


'  III'' 

IB  111^ 


111^ 
IIIIM 

||20 

1.6 


Photographic 

Scien:es 
Corporation 


e 


23  VEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTEI.W.Y    M580 

(?16!  872-4503 


/. 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


^^> 


J 


SAMUEL  DE  CIIAMriMN. 


S.-)? 


"If  you  have  deopivecl  me,  confess  it  now,  and  the  past 
shall  1..;  foi-iven.  But  if  you  persist,  you  will  be  discov- 
ered,  and  then  you  shall  be  hanged." 

Vi^non  p(>ndeied  for  a  moment;  then  fell  on  his  knees, 
owned  his  treaehery,  and  begged  for  merey.  Clianiplain 
l)roke  into  a  rage,  and,  unable,  as  he  says,  to  endure  the 
fdghtof  him,  ordered  hitn  from  his  presence,  and  se^nt  the 
interpreter  after  him  to  make  fiirtlicrt-xamination.  Vanity, 
the  love  of  notoriety,  and  th  5  hopi^  of  reward,  seem  to  iiavo 
been  his  inducements;  for  he  had,  in  truth,  spent  a  quiet 
winter  in  Tessouat's  cabin,  his  nearest  apitroach  to  tlio 
North.n-n  Sea;  and  he  had  llattcr-d  himsclF  that  he  niiglit 
escape  the  net'es:iity  of  guiding  his  commander  to  this  pre- 
tended discovery. 

The  Indians  were  somewhat  exultant.  "Why  did  you 
not  listen  to  chiefs  and  warriors,  instead  of  believing  the 
lies  of  this  fellowf'  And  they  counst'lcd  Champlain  to 
have  him  killtulat  once,  adding  that  they  would  save  their 
friends  trouble  by  taking  that  office  upon  themselves.' 

Thus  vanished' the  dear  hopes  of  iinding  a  way  to  China 
and  the  Indies.  Champlain,  howevt-r,  possessed  his  soul  in 
patience,  and  turned  to  ])ursu(^  his  route  homewjirds,  adown 
tl;-3  rapid  current  of  the  Ottawa,  lie  was  a<'companied  l)y  a 
part  of  Tessouat's  people,  wIkj  were  bound  for  ^Montreal  for 
the  purpose  of  trading.  As  the  band  descended,  the  fleet  of 
canoes  grew  larger  and  larger.  When  about  ten  or  twelve 
leagues  below  the  Isle  des  Allumettes,  all  stopped  to  add  to 
their  stock  of  fresh  provisions.  Fish  was  in  abundance 
here.  But  towards  the  middle  of  the  night  the  dusky 
lishers  grew  alarmed.  It  was  suddenly  announced  that  four 
canoes  of  the  enemy  were  seen  at  a  distance.  Nor  was  the 
fact  hnprobable,  as  the  Iroquois  were  swift  and  mighty 
huntprs,  skilled  alike  in  chasing  beast  and  man. 

Three  canot>s  were  immediately  dispatched  to  reconnoitre, 
but  could  discover  nothing.  Still,  a  cloud  of  fear  hung 
over  the  voyagers,  and  while  the  warriors  slept  on  the 
lirnund,  the  squaws,  little  reassured,  remained  in  the  canoes. 

>  "  I'ionccK  of  France  in  the  New  World." 


I 

I 


35a 


RAMVKL  DE  CHAMPLAiy. 


Just  before  daybij-ak,  one  of  the  Indians  in  his  uneasy 
NlunilMT  dieanied  tiiat  they  were  altufi<f'd  by  the  Irocinois. 
lb"  junipcd  np,  ycllinjr  that  he  was  klllnd,  and  spranM'  for 
th'  waf<'r.  His  rrightened  t-oinpanions,  hearin;^'  his  ,sli<»nts, 
also  leapt'tl  up  in  terror,  tind  sprang  into  the  river.  The 
noise  ahinned  the  French,  who  were  sh-eping  at  some  dis- 
tance, 'I'iiey  hastened  to  the  spot ;  but  what  was  their  sur- 
l)rise  on  s»'eing  the  Algoncpiins  tuniblin<;  al)out  in  the  water, 
.some  up  to  tlieir  necks,  and  shouting  witliout  any  ajjparent 
cause.  Tlie  scene  was  one  worthy  of  u  crowd  of  roaring, 
half-dnjwned  bmatics. 

Having  found  out  tlie  cause  of  tlie  uproar,  Champhiin  re- 
established tnimiuillity  among  the  savages,  and  laughed  the 
terror  i):inic  away.  Such  was  the  fear  inspired  by  the  Iro 
quois  throughout  the  Avliole  country  that  ludicrous  scenes 
of  this  kind  were  not  uncommon  among  the  Algonquin 
tribes. 

When  day  came  tlie  fleet  of  canoes  wa.s  again  in  r  orion. 
At  the  Cliaudiere  Falls'  Champlain  was  present  at  a  cere 
niony  which  tlie  Indians  never  omitted.  The  passage  at 
this  point  became  doubly  dangerous.  Tlu?  waters  not  only 
plunged  down  with  violence,  but  it  was  a  favorite  spot  for 
Iroquois  ambuscades. 

1  hiving  carried  their  canoes  to  the  bottom  of  the  cataract, 
all  the  voyagers  assembled.  They  stood  in  a  circle.  A 
■wooden  plate  was  i)assed  around,  and  each  deposited  on  it  a 
small  piece  of  tobacco.  The  collection  made,  they  danced 
and  sang  around  the  plate.  A  harangue  was  i)ronounced. 
Tlnm  all  followed  to  see  the  tobacco  thrown  Into  the  falls, 
and  this  offering  to  the  guardian  Manitou  was  accompanied 
by  a  general  and  prolonged  shout.  To  pass  down  without 
making  the  accustomed  gift  would  be  to  insult  the  Manitou 
and  call  forth  his  sure  vengeance ! 

On  his  return  to  the  St.  Louis  Rapids,  Champlain  became 
convinced  that  nothing  more  could   be  done  during   the 


'  Tlic  C'liaiiilirrc  Fiilli'  now  stiiml  nl  Iho  wi'stcrn  cxlrcmily  of  tlio  city  of  Ottawji,  tlic  rapit.il  nf 
the  I)i);r;r!iiin  of  Caniidii.  Tlic  \\i\Wv*  plunge  forty  foct,  anU  partly  disuppfur  by  un  unilir^roia.J 
pas.<j^'(',  i1;l'  oiulit  of  whicn  is  unkiiowu. 


I  in  his  uneasy 
jy  the  Iro(iii<)i.s. 
and  siiiaii;;'  for 
riii;;  his  slioiits, 
tlie  liver.  Tlie 
ig  at  some  dis- 
it  was  their  hiu- 
)ut  in  the  water. 
It  any  ai)i>arent 
i\vd  of  roarinj^, 

,  Chaniplain  re- 
ind  laughed  the 
ired  by  tht^  Iro 
idicrous  scenes 
the  Algonquin 

gain  in  notion. 
?.sent  at  a  cere 
The  jiassage  at 
waters  not  only 
ivorite  spot  Tor 

of  the  cataract, 
in  a  circle.  A 
eposited  on  it  a 
le,  they  danced 
as  pronounceii. 
I  into  the  falls, 
IS  "tccompanied 
s  down  without 
dt  the  Manitou 

mplain  becam(? 
•ne  during   tlio 


)f  Ottawii,  tlic  oaplr.-il  (if 
)l)L'ur  by  un  uin!i:^roui.J 


SAMUEL  VE  (jUAyil'LAJy. 


iV)9 


ooniinuj  winter,  and  decided  to  yro.-eed  to  T  ranee,  where  his 
Z  Mice   would    prove   useful    in    larthern.g    ..Ueres ts    ol 
e  c"  ony.     He  kept  his  word  with  U.i  Vigtion    left  tho 
l:u;:^";'unpunished,  bade  farewell  to  .|-    ndu.t.    en. 
barked  in  a  trading  vess^d,  and  in  the  lall  ot     «>-^  «tou^ 
on.e  u.ore  on  the  soil  of  la  belle  France.     Lnder  the  p.ote^ 
Z  :    tlL  Prince  of  Conde  he  labored  to  ionn  a  power   d 
tr  .lin-  <oinpany  composed^ .If  the  merchants  of  ht.  Malo 
nn     1  "our    Allr  many  difliculties  his  scheme  was  crowned 
w  ti  sTc^ss,  an.l  the  con.pany  was  duly  .-onsli  uted  for 
eletn  yeS  ^ith  the  approval  of  the  King  and  the  Pnuce 
of  Conde. 


v^ 


CHAPTER  IV. 

HELIOION   IN   TIIK   WILDKKNESS. 

Champlaln  as  a  viissio)ntri/~T/t(:  first  pricstn  in  Canada 
—Mass  at  Qnibiv—Iicffinninti  of  the  Canadian  viis- 
sions—Fat/nr  Dolbcau  -Father  Lv  Varon—Voifajfc  to 
the  Huron  cotintrif—Vhamidain  atjain  on  the  warpath 
—  The  Jill  run  Nation —  The first  Mass  in  Upper  Canada 
—The  march  for  the  tand  of  the  Iroquois— A  picture 
of  early  %mrfare—The  return  to  Canada— Mlnterinff 
anionff  the  sapar/es—State  of  afiairs  at  Queljec-Vlhir 
important  events— Madame  de  Cfiamplain  comes  to 
Quebec. 

"The  salvation  of  a  single  sonl,"  writes  the  noble  Cham- 
plain,  "is  worth  more  than  the  conquest  of  an  empire,  atul 
kings  should  seek  to  extend  their  dominions  in  countries 
where  idolatry  reigns,  only  to  cause  tlieir  submission  to 
Jesus  Christ."  And  he  adds,  that  he  undertook  his  Cana- 
dian toils  and  labors  with  patience,  in  order  "to-  i)lant  in 
this  country  the  standard  of  the  Cross,  and  to  teach  the 
knowledge  of  God  and  tlie  glory  of  His  Holy  Name,  desir- 
ing to  increase  charity  for  liis  unfortunate  creatures." 

The  favorable  circumstances  of  the  colony  now  convinced 
Champlain  that  the  proper  time  had  arrived  to  invite  mis- 
sionaries to  visit  the  banks  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  for  the  i)ur- 
I)ose  of  reviving  and  sustaining  the  Faith  among  the  French 
and  of  preaching  the  Gospel  to  the  dusky  sons  of  the  for- 
est. He  would  fain  rescue  from  perdition  a  people  living, 
as  he  says,  "like  brute  beasts,  without  faith,  without  law, 
without  religion,  without  God." 

To  accomplish  such  a  sublime  enterprise,  he  "sought  out 
some  good  Religious,  who  would  have  zeal  and  affection  for 
360 


SAilUKL  DK  ClfAWPrALV. 


301 


.v^.v  in  Canada 
ktnadian.  viis- 
on —  Vo//af/('  to 
n  I  In:  war  path 
Upper  Vauaita 
)fs — A  picture 
fa —  Wintiri/if/ 
Qncbvc—Vlhtr 
'Iain   comes  to 


le  noble  Cham- 
im  emi>irc,  atul 
s  in  count  lies 
submission  to 
took  liis  Csina- 
r  "to-  i)lant  in 
[I  to  teacii  tlie 
Y  Njime,  tlesir- 
■atures." 
now  convinced 
to  invite  niis- 
•e,  for  the  i)ur- 
m}r  tlie  Flench 
ns  of  the  lor- 
people  living, 
,  without  law, 

i  "sought  out 
d  affection  for 


Go.Vs  glory.*'  As  those  who  earnestly  seek  always  (liul,  so 
(Jliaiuplain  <litl  not  look  in  vain  for  apostolic  men.  Four 
Franciscan  Fathers  otTered  their  services,  but  as  tliey  "were 
as  weak  in  resources  as  Chauiplairi  himself,"  to  use  the 
W(u-(ls  of  I'arkmau,  "he  repaired  to  Paris,  then  tilled  with 
bishops,  cardinals,  and  nobles  assembled  for  the  States- 
(ieneial.  Responding  to  his  ajipeal,  they  subscribed  lirteeii 
handled  livres  for  the  i)ur<d»ase  ot  vestments,  candles,  and 
ornaments  for  altars.  The  I»ope  uuthori/ed  the  mission,  and 
the  King  gave  letters-p.iteut  in  its  favor.** 

The  four  religious  pioneers  named  for  the  Canadian  mis- 
si<(U  were  F.ithers  Di-nis  Jamct,  .lohn  Do'.oeau,  Joseph  Lo 
Caron,  and  Brother  Pacific  du  I'lessis— men  *'who  were 
boriiH  away  by  holy  alTootion,  who  burned  to  make  this  voy- 
age, if  so,  by  God's  grace,  tht^y  mighf  gain  soiiu?  fruit,  and 
might  plant  in  these  lands  the  standard  of  Jesus  (Mirist, 
witli  fi.xed  resolution  to  live,  and  if  nw;l  were,  to  die,  for 
His  Sacred  Name.'" 

The  necessary  preparations  for  departure  being  made, 
"each  of  us,"  to  quote  once  more  the  words  of  Champlain, 
"examined  himself  and  purged  himself  of  his  sins  by  peni- 
tence and  confession,  so  as  best  to  say  adieu  to  France  and 
to  place  himself  in  a  state  of  grace,  that  each  might  be  con- 
scientiously free  to  gi\e  himself  up  in  the  keeping  of  God 
and  to  the  billows  of  a  vast  and  perilous  s(^a." 

Champlain  ordered  the  sails  to  lie  spn'ad,  and  tlie  good 
ship  stood  out  to  sea,  leaving  Tlonfleur  in  April,  1015. 
Qii  bee  was  reached  towards  the  end  of  May.  A  little  con- 
vent and  chapel  were  erected  for  the  missionaries,  and  on  the 
2.-)th  of  June  Father  Dolbean  had  the  hapinness  of  celebrating 
the  first  Mass  ever  said  in  the  rude  rock-built  capital  of  the 
little  colony." 

'  Champliiln. 

2  The  Kriinil-rnti",  wrlti'x  rarkmnn,  mnflp  iin  nitiir.  Anif  oojohrnfcd  tlie  fim'  Mfi"-' over  <>iiid  in 
{'aimdii  Dolhraii  wim  itic  oHlciinliii;  pritv.t:  nil  New  /niiici'  km'c'l"(l  cm  t'lr  tiiiri' ciirlli  iiroiinrt 
liini.  mill  inminn  from  the  Milp  mid  fti(« riiniparti*  IwUi'd  Ihc  m>>tle  rflc.  -"■Piniifa--:  if  Fiaiire  In 
thf  Xfir  W'tirld."  p.  *iO. 

Tin-  A'l'u''  Firlund  <l(i('!'  not  npponr  to  think  that  thlx  wax  the  flrU  Maj-x  rcWhrarcd  In  Cunndu. 
He  wrid's:  _  ^ 

I.I' \iii..'(-<  inn  jiiin,  Iflt.'),  Ic  P.  nnlhcnn  out  Ic  hnnhiinr  do  dire  la  iircniirri'  mc-^-o  qui  iilt  cto 
i(?liiliri'o  i\  Qiii'liec  dipuin  la  voyages  lie  Carder  el  de  Itoberi-<il.—"Cours  iJ'Hhtoire  (I'l  Canada,'" 

p.  iro,  roi.  I. 


'lU^?v<-"-!;i^-i'^'.i*'Jv" 


802 


SAifCEL  DK  CirMfPLAiy. 


'•Nothing  was  wantinK,"  writes  FatlMT  I..'  Cli'mj.  "to 
r»'ii(l»'r  tills  action  soleiim,  as  farastiic  simplicity  of  the  infant 
colony  would  pt'iniit.  .  .  .  All  niach' tlit-ir  confcssljins  antl 
ivcpiwd  Holy  Coniniunion.  'I'lif  '/'■  Drum  was  cliant«'<l,  an«l 
its  sounds  niin«l»*d  with  tin*  roar  <»f  (Im  artilh-ry  an<l  tho 
acclamations  of  joy,  whicli  wjm'h  rH-ecliocd  by  tln'snrrt»undinK 
Holitudes,  of  wlii<li  it  miglit  l>«'  ^aid  tluil  tUcy  wer*-  chaiiKt'd 
into  a  paradise,  all  therein  invokinji;  the  King  «>f  Heaven, 
luul  calling  to  their  aid  the  ^niardian  angels  of  tliese  va^5t 
provinces." 

A  month  after,  Mass  was  celebrated  re;,nilarly  every  Sun- 
day at  Quebec.  Truly  it  was  a  grand  and  beautiful  day  for 
Chaniplain  and  for  the  <'olonisls  who  clustered  around  him 
in  the  poor  little  chapel  of  Quelu'c,  as  they  assisted  for  tlie 
first  time  at  the  Holy  Sacrifice  o«  the  banks  of  the  ndghty 
St,  I^wrence.  This  was  the  beginning  of  Catholicity  in 
Canada.  During  a  century  and  a  iialf  the  church  (.f  Quebec 
Avas  the  center  and  almost  only  focus  of  the  Faith  in  the 
immense  regions  whicli  exfendt'd  from  Ilud.son's  liay  to  the 
Oulf  of  Mexico.* 

Each  Father  began  the  work  assigned  liim.  It  was  u 
vast  Held,  with  few  laboreis.  The  Huron  missicm  fell  to  Le 
Caron.  Dolbeau  was  charged  with  the  roving  bands  of 
A Igonquins  l)elo\v  Quebec.  For  tlie  present  .lamet  and  Dii 
riessis  were  to  remain  at  Quebec.  Let  us  glance  for  a  mo- 
nent  along  tlie  thorny  pathway  of  Dolbeau  and  Le  Caron— 
tlu'  pioneer  missionaries  of  Canada.  The  picture  is  from  a 
non-Catholic  pen. 

"Dolbeau,  full  of  zeal,"  writes  Francis  Parkman,  "set 
out  for  his  post,  and,  in  the  next  winter,  essayed  to  follow 
the  roving  hordes  of  Tadoussac  to  their  frozen  hunting- 
grounds.  He  was  not  robust,  and  his  eyes  were  weak. 
Lodged  in  a  hut  of  biich  bark,  full  of  abominations,  dogs, 
fleas"  stench,  and  all  nndeanliness,  he  snocumbed  at  length 
to  the  smoke,  which  well-nigh  blinded  him,  fonung  him  to 
remain  for  several  days  with  his  eyes  closed.     After  debat- 


'  "  Ei'lnhlli'nomi'nt  do  In  Foy,"  I.,  fii. 

»  The  OUhDiic  loloiij  of  .Murjland  was  ihuoniy  uxct'iition. 


fl.ivt'ff'  DK  cn.wpr.Arx. 


rm 


■ityof  till'  iiil'titit 

('()lir«'MMi(l|tH  iiiul 

iis  rli!ini<'<l,  and 
itilh'iy  siihI  fhe 
tlifsurroiitulinK 
•y  wvn'  cliiiii^*'*! 
iii^  ol"  Ilravfii, 
Is  of   tlit'se  vast 

iirly  evory  Sun- 
eaiitil'iil  (lay  for 
led  arouiid  liiin 
iiH.slsN'd  f<»r  tliB 
1  of  the  nii>i;hty 
[  Catholicity  in 
hmch  (»f  Quebec 
he  Faith  in  the 
son's  liay  to  tlie 

him.  It  was  u 
lission  fell  to  Le 
ovinj^  bands  of 
t  .lamet  and  Dii 
[lance  for  a  nio- 
and  Le  Caron — 
icture  is  from  a 

Parkman,  "set 
ssayed  to  follow 
frozen  liuntin;?- 
yes  were  weak, 
minations,  do<rs, 
umbed  at  length 
,  forcing  him  to 
rl.     After  debat- 


ing within  himself  whether  <i  td  retpiired  of  him  th.»  acrl- 
lice  of  his  s;^-ht,  he  Nolveil  his  doubf4  wiihti  negative  and 
retiirne(l  to  (Quebec,  (inly  to  set  foilli  n^'ain  with  opening 
si)riiiu;  on  a  toiir  it*  t-xtensive  that  if  brought  him  'n  co!»hict 
witli  the  outlying  bands  of  the  KMiuinuiux. 

"  Meanwhile  l^e  Caroii  had  long  been  absent  on  a  mission 
of  m<)r(>  noteworthy  adventure.  While  his  lirethren  were 
building  their  convent  and  gainishing  their  altar  at  Quebec, 
llie  a'dent  j-'riar  had  hastened  to  the  site  of  Montreal,  then 
throngeil  with  a  .savage  concourse,  come  down  to  the  yearly 
trade.  H.'  mingle(l  with  them,  studied  their  numners,  tried 
to  learn  their  languages;  and  when,  .soon  after,  (Jhamplain 
and  I'oatgravt'"  arrived,  he  declared  his  purpose  of  win- 
tering in  their  villages.  Dissinision  availed  nothing. 
What,'  he  demanded,  'are  i):ivations  to  liini  whose  lifo 
Is  devv>ted  to  perpetual  poverty,  who  has  no  ambition  but 
tos(nveUoa<"" 

The  nssend)lel  llurons  and  Algomiuins  b(^gged  Cham- 
plain  to  aid  tliem  against  the  common  enemy,  the  Iroipioi.s. 
He  consented,  i)romisiiig  to  join  th.-m  with  all  the  nu-n  at 
his  command.  The  Indians  weie  to  muster  without  delay 
twenty  live  hundred  men,  and  tlie  lierce  enemy  would  .soon 
I'hc'  the  i)()wer  of  sudi  a  formidabh*  combiiuition.  T(»  has- 
ten preparations,  (;haniplain  proceeded  toQuebec,  while  tho 
Indians  awaited  his  return.  Hut  they  .«oon  grew  impatient 
of  delay,  and  liast(>iu'd  to  their  villages,  accompanied  by  the 
indefatigable  Fatlier  Le  Caron.  The  voyage  was  long  and 
X)ainful. 

"It  would  be  hard  to  tell  you,"  the  apostolic  priest 
writes  to  a  friend,  "how  fi;cd  I  was  with  paddling  a'd  day, 
with  all  my  strengtli,  among  the  Indians;  wading  the  rivers 
a  liundred  times  and  more,  throngli  the  mud  and  over  the 
sharp  rocks  that  cut  my  f(>et;  cai-rying  the  canoe  and  lug- 
gage througli  the  woods,  to  avoid  the  rapids  and  frightful 
cataracts,  and  half-starved  all  the  while,  for  we  had  nothing 
to  eat  but  a  little  sa(jamiti\  a  sort  of  porridge  of  water  and 
pounded  maize,  of  which  they  gave  ns  a  very  small  allov,- 

» •'  I'lontird  of  Franco  in  the  New  World." 


3''4 


PA  VrHf.  t)K  Vtl.  I  MP  I. .  1  IN. 


niM.'  r»v»' T  niorninK  and  iiiKlif  Hut  1  iniiHf  iie»Ml.s  WW  you 
what  aliiiiulaiit  coiixo'atioii  1  foiiiid  \iii(1*'rrill  my  troiililrH; 
for  wlu'n  out;  M^HM  ho  many  Jnt'th'lM  n<'»'tllii«  noiditi^  h\\{  u 
drop  of  wiitf  r  to  niak»'  tlifiii  rldldn'ii  uf  (iod,  he  ff»'l.s  an 
ln»'X|>i<'svil)|»>  ardor  fo  lidor  for  tlu'lr  t'onv«'i'!<ion  and  -acrl 
Jin*  to  it  his  i>'|»oH««  aii('  Ids  lift'.  '' 

Aboi'.t  a  wiH'k  afti-r,  Hu'  dt'votrd  ("liamplidn  was  follow- 
ing on  tlu'  track  of  the  pious  Franciscan.  With  two  ca- 
rocs,  ten  Indiiins,  his  iMfciprctci-  and  a  Frcn<linian.  ho 
pnslicd  up  llif  currents  <»f  the  Oiiawa,  pas.scd  inl'»  ihc  Mat- 
tawan,  and  was  soon  on  the  slioi-cs  of  Ijtike  NipisMiniir.  Mfre 
liH  was  well  received  liv  the  Indians,  and  rested  for  two 
days,  lliscanoes  then  skimmed  down  iln'  KicikIi  ii\er,  and 
NUon  his  eyes  l)eheld  the  placid  waters  ol  Lake  Huron,  to 
which  h«  ^ave  the  name  of  "'Mer  Douce.  l*addlini<  to 
the  south,  alon^  the  eastern  shoH*  of  (Jeoi^'ian  Hay,  he 
landed,  and.  on  the  Ist  of  August,  found  hi.nself  in  the 
fanu'd  country  of  the  Ilurons.' 

Tho  Huron  territory  Htretchcd  fioni  north  to  south  he- 
twecn  tlie  rivers  to-day  named  the  Severn  and  Nottawasaga; 
ami  froin  oast  towest  Itetween  liakeSimcoeand  thetJertrgian 
liay.  Its  Ien;Lj;rh  was  aliout  twenty  or  twenty  live  leagues, 
and  its  width  not  more  than  seveti  or  eight  leagues.  Al- 
though the  soil  was  wandy,  it  was  (pute  fertile,  and  prodiu'ed 
Indian  cf)rn,  beans,  and  i)umpkins  in  abundance,  hidecd, 
11i.»  Huron  country  was  regarded  as  tjie  gianary  <f  the  Al- 
gonquin nations,  whose  hal (naked  hordes  came  hilli.'r 
yearly  from  the  borch-rsof  Lake  Nipissing  aiul  the  lianks  of 
the  Ottawa  river,  to  buy  theirpr(»visions.  Champlain  found 
eighteen  villages.     "By  the  Indian  .standard,"  writes  Park- 


'  I'iirktnan'n  Imn-lallnn.  With  tho  cxcciitlon  of  tho  liixt  nonlonro,  Ihln  pxirnrt  f»n  fcc  foniul 
In  F<rliin(l,  "('(inr"  il'IIUtnIro  ilii  Cmiiidii."  Vol,  I,  p.  ',''i.  Tho  orlclrml  KinrciH  iiro  Siiwirtl. 
'■  IlWoIrr  lie  la  Nouvollo  I'ninro,"  and  I.c  CliToq.  '■  F-lalill«»cnirnl  dr  la  I'ny,"  The  fiirc«i)liijf  U 
quoted  from  "  I'loiifcrn  of  Kranco  hi  tho  Now  World,"  p,  .'XtJ. 

'  For  moro  ilinn  a  hiiiidnd  miIIoh,  hlx  onuri'o  wan  aloni.'  tho  onutom  thorrnof  tho  Oonrulun  liny 
llirout.'h  lorliioiin  rhaiiiioli',  of  IhIi  l«  coimllo-n  «►  Iho  •i'a-«and"  -an  arohlprlai;o  of  rork»  worn 
for  aav*  by  llio  wai-li  of  uavcH,  Not  to  ilil-  day  doiB  iIk'  handiwork  of  man  broak  tlio  navaeo 
cliariii  of  iliow  loiioly  mi\A*.  Ilo  crosi'id  \\\n\i  Inlii,  I'raiikliii  Irdot.  I'arry  Souml.  and  iho 
widir  May  of  Malchodai-li,  and  Hocnii'  to  lia\o  doliarki  rl  at  llii'  Inlet  '..w  oalled  Tliiindir  Itav,  at 
the  eiitraiico  of  thu  Uuy  of  MiltiilvdUHh  and  u  Utile  lo  tlio  uect  of  tl;;  haibor  of  renetanyiiWi- 
\\\\;.—l'aikiiHm. 


sAxvhL  DK  cn.[)t:n.MX. 


m^ 


UHj'ds  tt'II  you 
II  my  troitlilfM; 

notfiini;  litit  u 
<hI,  \u'  f»'«'l.s  iiri 
.sion  jiiid  -iit'ii- 

iln  was  folUtw- 

Willi  two  ni- 

I'li'ticliriiiin.  Iio 

(1  irit*  the  Milt- 

iipis.'iirii;;.    Utre 

It's  led    for  two 

vt'uvh  riv«'r,  iirid 

liSikt'  Huron,  to 

Piicldiitii^  to 

ngiiiri    Hiiy,  lie 

lihiiHflf  in  tliu 

h  to  .south  be- 
ll Nottjiwiisii^fa; 
i<l  tli(>  (Georgian 
fy  live  lea;; IK'S, 
t  lea^Mit's.  Al- 
t', nnd  prodiK'tMl 
lancf.  Indeed, 
lary  <  f  I  lie  Al- 
s  canu'  liilli.T 
?id  tlu'  hanks  of 
ininplain  foiiiid 
I,"  writes  I'ark- 

!«  rxtrnri  can  to  fonml 
rial  foiirci'H  lire  Siiiriird. 
1  I'ny,"  Till-  forryoliij.'  U 

>rr«  of  rlip  r.cnrulHn  liny 

ihl|"lii!;n  (if  ruck"  wurii 
r  mnn  brnik  tlir  kiiviici- 
I.  I'lirry  Souml.  ami  iho 
"  called  TliMlidrr  May,  at 

biubor  of  riiiclttiiguli-U- 


man,  "If  wi-i  a  mlnhty  niitlon;  y»»t  tliMHiiIre  Huron'  popu- 
Jul  loll  did  not  vxvwd  thiit  of  u  MiTond  or  tlilrd  rluuM  Ani.-rl. 
can  «'lty,  an«l  tli«  drufl  of  tw.-nty  llv..  hiindivd  warrloin 
l»l.'.lK.'d  to  Clianiplaln  niunt  hav.?  left  iu  villugt-s  hvivlt  U 
ll^htiii;^  men.- 

Father  Ui  Ciiron,  on  hU  nrilval,  rook  up  Ids  uhode  In  thn 
villu«e  of  (;arhii«onhii.  Ih're  !»♦♦  hullt  for  hiniielf  a  eal.in 
of  poles  and  hark,  In  uhieh  he  eiveted  an  al'nr  lor  the  rele- 
le-iflon  of  tlie  J^aered  My.leiies.  Clianiplah'  laine  just  in 
time  to  assist  at  the  llrst*  Mas^  When  the  lli.ly  Sanllien 
was  e'ldnd,  a  larKe  woothMi  Cross  was  made,  blessed,  and 
planf'Ml  in  tiie  soil,  while  all  the  Kieiielimen  present  «l:anted 
th«  7>-  ittum,  and  a  volh-y  of  musketry  reM)iiuded  thntimh 
thn  f  Mvsts.  Thus  was  the  pre(  ions  sl)j;n  of  Uedemption 
er«.'t«d  for  th«  tirsf  tinio  In  a  land  covt-rt'd  with  the  dark- 
ness of  paKi'nisni. 

On  the  1st  of  S.'ptemher  the  liftl.-  army  of  Unions  be^an 
the  manli  und<  .•  rhe  lea<l'isliip  of  Champlain,  who  was  m*. 
(•oMipani»'<l  by  twelve  Frenchmen.  The  lleet  of  canoes 
^kimm  d  over  Lake  Simcoe,  then  I'ollo^v.'d  the  course  of  a 
irmilx'r  of  little  rivers,  aii<l  passed  over  a  portage  to  tim 
1. ikes  which  form  the  sources  of  the  Hiver  Trent.  As  they 
traversed  h  roiinfry  full  «»f  ^'ame  and  llsh,  there  was  no  dan- 
<-erof  Mti.rvatifui.  Passing;  down  the  Tient,  the  little  tleet 
entt  red  tilt;  Hay  ofQuiiite,  and.  after  a  voyajire  of  thirty-live 
diivs,  Champlain  beheld  the  sp;  i'\\\u>^  waters  ui  the  grand 
anil  beautiful  LaKe  Ontario.  "There,"  he  writes,  "Is  the 
oeginninu'  of  the  great  Hiver  St.  Lawrence." 

The  nimble  paddles  cut  the  smooth  surface  of  Ontario, 
nnd  soon  the  birch-bark  s((iiad:'on  touched  the  New  York 
shore.  We  shall  let  the  ])hotograi)hic.  pen  of  Parkman  re- 
count what  befell  the  hardy  invaders. 

After  hiding  tlu'lr  light  craft  in  the  woods,  the  warriors 
took  up  their  wwift  and  wary  march,  tiling  in  .silence  between 

1  TlilK  pi'oplo  rcd'lvod  tlii'  iinmc  of    Iliironi.  a'miit  llic  year  liWO  i  ttifij  called  Ifienuflvt* 

WljantlilU.  ,      „  ,,  -     ,unn 

Eiixmfmen  f.<  nomninlcnt  Wcndat-.  W*  avalmt  rcrii  Ir  noni  d.  Iliironx  vor*  I  ann.'c  lUfX), 
lor-nim  nyam  ont.'i.dii  imrlcr  dr-  Kraii.;al«  qui  fal-alrnt  lu  tmllc  u  Tadoiiit^ic.  W*  y  tlulclit  Ue- 
eccnduH  jioiir  cclmnsor  leiir  i)cllt'ti'rlvi(.-.lWic  Ftiianii. 


:m 


8AM rNL  .'iK  V'fAMI'I.My. 


tli«>  wooih  iin«l  t!i«*  luk«*,  fur  tv\»'lv»»  tiiilrH  jiloiij^  tin*  prlil.Iy 
Nti'.iiMl.  Tlit'ii  tticy  Nti-uck  iiiiuiiU.  tliri'uU«>d  iIih  furmit,  cu«^^tll 
tliH  Ulv«>r  (Jiiondtii^u,  aiul,  aftHf  u  iiiai'«>|t  of  four  dttyM,  \v»>ri« 
(Iffp  within  I  111*  \v»'Mt«M;i  limits  uf  i1:h  liuqiioiN.  Smiif  *<t 
tlii'ir  Nroiitt  Mift  II  liiliiii/MKU'ty  of  thin  |i«it|il«>,  tuul  I'liptinul 
fluMu,  ••h'veii  ill  iiiniili»'r~iu»'ii,  >\oii:»'ii  iiiul  rliililrcii.  'I'lu-y 
Wfi-i*  JM-oiixlit  to  tiiH  ('iiiii|)  uf  tliH  fxulliiiit  lliiitinM.  As  II 
Iw^ililiillK  of  tilt'  Jill)il:itioll,  11  cliit'f  rut  II  titlK*'r  of  otic  of 
tliM  tttdui'ii ;  liiit  ti»'sisit'il  fruiii  Curl Ii«t  torniriti^  oti  tin* uiij<iy 

lii'utest  of  (Jillllll{lltliu, 

Light  bruliH  in  iipoit  tli«>  for<>st.  Tlu*  liosiilt*  town  wi.m 
clusiHUt  liaiid.  HugMvd  lii'idslny  Im-I'oic  tluMii,  with  atHlovfuly 
iimi  savn^M  cultivation.  The  y<iiinj;  liiiroiis  in  iulvanc«<  w\v 
tliH  |itK|uois  at  work  aiitotiK  lli**  imnipkins  and  iiiai:',»>,  ^ath- 
I'liiiK  lli«^ir  niMllin;;  liar\«'Mf,  for  it  wii.s  tin-  l(»th  cf  Ortohfr. 
Notiiinx  could  icstiain  tin*  hai«'  l)rain«'d  and  iin^(i\»'rMt'(l 
civw,  Tliny  scivaiiit'd  llo'ir  war  cry  iiikI  ruslM-il  in;  ixit  tlie 
Iroquois  snatched  I  heir  w«'a|ionN,  kilh-d  iiiid  wound*  <l  livH 
or  Mix  of  tln'  assailants,  atid  dnivc  l)iu'k  thn  rest  dis('<»nilii.'d. 
Chaiiiplain  and  his  KimcliiiK'n  wni*  forced  to  inf»'rpos«;  anil 
tliH  crack  of  tli»'ir  pieces  frc  rii  ilie  boriler  of  the  woods 
Mtoppeil  tlie  pilisuillft  elieiiiy.  wli-  withdrew  to  tlle'v  dn- 
ft'hses,  hearing  >vitli  tlit'tn  their  d* ad  iiiul  uoiin(!e<l. 

It  wu.H  a  town  of  the  Seiiecas,  the  tr o.st  |)opidouM  and  cne 
of  tliH  most  warlike  of  tlie  live  Ir<<piois  tribes;  atid  its  sito 
was  on  or  ntar  the  lakes  of  Ceiiiial  New  York,  perhapn 
Lake  (/'ananduiKua.  Cliamplain  descrilx's  its  defensive  works 
as  m.n'h  Mtronj^er  than  those  of  the  Huron  villages.  'I'hey 
consisted  of  four  concenfric  rows  of  palisarh's,  formed  of 
trunks  and  trees,  thirty  feet  hi^h,  each  aslant  in  thn  earth 
and  intersectiiifj  each  other  ne.ir  the  t(»p,  where  they  sup- 
ported a  I\ind  of  puilery,  well  defended  by  sliotjudof  tim- 
ber, and  furnishtMl  with  wooden  jjiitters  for  quetichiti^  tire. 
A  jiond  or  lake  which  washed  one  sidi-  of  the  palisade,  and 
was  led  by  sluice  *  within  the  town,  j;.,ve  an  amjile  supply  of 
water,  while  the  galleries  uere  well  piovided  with  magazines 
of  stones. 

Cliamplain  was  greatly  exaspeiated  at  the  desultory  and 


*jr  CI/.  «»//•/,« /.v. 


807 


(ul'fHl,  CU«hM(l 

Mir  Uuy",  ui'rM 
iuIn.  Honif  <.f 
,  iirul  ciiptiiit  cl 
liMi.-n.  Tli.-y 
iliiKtiiM.  An  u 
liK»'l'  of  one  of 
IK  on  tlicutiKry 

^lil»»  town  wi.ii 
with  aNlovtnly 
11  lulvancn  Hiw 
kI  tiiiii:',»*,  tiut)i- 
n\l  <  f  OrtohHP. 
1(1    Ull^dVelMt'd 

i'<l  in  ;  liiit  tliH 
\vonn(l«(l  tivH 
St  (lis('onilil»'(l. 
int»'rpos«' ;  anil 
of  tin*  woods 
,v  to  the'r  (In- 
in('»'<l. 

iiloiiM  and  one 
s  ;  and  its  situ 
Voik,  ppil.api 
(•fi'iisivc  works 
il!a^«'s.  'I'lu'y 
U's,  formed  of 
t  in  tlm  earth 
lirre  tliey  wup- 
iliot-proof  tim- 
liiencliin^  tire, 
palisade,  and 
iij)le  supply  of 
vitli  niaga/in(>8 

desultory  and 


futile  procedure  of  his  Huron  allien.  At  tWIr  .'venii-jj 
ciinii)  In  lh«  udjn.ent  foivMt.  li.«  upbraided  flie  tliroiiK  ot 
chhfM  and  warriors  somevvliat  sliarply.  an.i,  IiuvImk  lluislie.l 
liis  a.ln...nitlon.   ".le   pro. .led  t..  luslruet  tlieiu  m  tli.*  urt 

In  tli.^  n..)rninK.  ni.l.-.l  .l.Md)tl..ss  l)y  hin  ten  ..r  tvv.he 
rr.Mi.liuien,  tliey  Let. .ok  tli.'niselv..s  witli  alu.rity  lo  tlielr 
pr.'serilf'l  task.  A  w..n.len  t.»wer  was  uia.le.  IiIkIi  .'IuhikIi 
t.)  oveili.k  tli.^  palisa.le,  an.l  larg.*  en.aiyli  t..  slu-iter  f.Mir 
or  tlv  ujaiksnieu.  Hii«.'  w.M.den  HUi»'l.ls,  ..r  ni..val.l«  paru- 
not,-.,  like  tlie  niante.Hfs  of  tlie  Mi.ldl."  AK»•^  «ere  alM.  .on. 

itlll.'t.'.l        i'.KIf  liours  suin ced   to  llulsll    tlie  Work,  UU.l   lliell 

tlie  assiult  he^iiu.  Two  liundr.M|  ..f  tie'  sinuigest  warriors, 
witli  uuwont.'d  pr.)wess.  .Irani^.'d  tlie  tow.  r  f.irwar.l  and 
planted  it  witlilii  a  pike's  lesij^th  of  t!ie  pilisy.d.'.  Iiir.'.» 
tiniuehusiers  nioMUt.'.l  l.»  the  fop  and  op.«m-d  a  lakieK  lir« 
nlonn  the  Kall.Ml.M,  now  tlirous«'<l  with  wii.l  uii.l  naked 
defenileis. 

nut  nothing  roiild    restrain  th.;  unj,'ov.>rnal)l.'  TTurons. 
They  al.an.lou'l  tliejr  inuit.'lers,  ami,  .leaf   lo  .-v.-ry  .'.un- 
nnnd,  swarmed  out  like  Ix-.'s  ui>ou  tlie  ..p.Mi  Held,  l.-aped, 
MlKmt.Ml.  sliri.^lo'l  their  war-eri.'s,  and  shot  ..I?  th.'ir  arrows; 
whllo  the  Iro.i  I  »l.s,  huiiiiii;  .l.-lian.'.»   from  tlieir  nmiparts, 
pent   back  a  sli  )wer  .»f    st.m.'H  and   arrows   in   reply-     A 
Huron   bold.'rthan  the  rest,  ran  r..rwar.l  witli  lip'l.raii.is  t<» 
burn  the  palisade,  an.l  oth.'is  f..ll..w.'d  with  woo.l  to  feed 
the  llame.     Hut   it  was  stupidly   kindled   on   tim   leeward 
Bide,  without  tin*  prof.M-tin«  shi.-lds  d.-si^ned   t<.  er.v.-r  it; 
and    torr.'uts    of    wafer    poun-d    <lown    horn    Wu-    ^Millers 
a!,ove    .piieklv   .■xtinguished    it.     The    .•onfusioii    was    re- 
d'lubled.     Champlain  strove  in  vain  to  restore  ord.'r.     ha.li 
warrior  was  vellini,'  at  tlie  t.>p  of  his  thr.nit,  and  his  voi.-e 
was  drown.'.r  in  th.^  outrap>ous  .lin.     Thiiikin^',  as  he  says, 
that  his  h.wl  w.mid  split  with  shoutiui;,  h.«  f,mvH  ov.-r  thn 
attempt,  and  busi.«d  himself  ami  his  men  witli  pi.dvinj;  .)t! 
the  IrocpDis  alonff  their  ramparts. 

The  atta.-k  lasted  three  hours,  when  the  assadants   f.dl 
back  to  their  fori  itied  camp,  with  seventeen  warriors  wounded. 


J 


308 


SAMUk'L  DE  CUAMPLAIN: 


Cli;iirip]ain,  too,  liad  received  an  arrow  in  liis  knwe  niul  nn- 
other  iu  his  leg,  which,  Tor  the  time,  disabled  him.  He  wiis 
urgent,  l.> owe vei',  to  renew  the  attack ;  while  the  Hnitns, 
crest  ralleu  atid  disheartened,  refused  to  move  from  tlieir 
(•amp  unless  the  five  hundred  allies  I'or  some  time  exptcttd 
should  appear. 

They  waited  five  days  in  vain,  beguiling  tlie  interval  with 
frec|uent  skirmishes,  in  which  they  were  always  woistcd  , 
then  began  hastily  to  retreat  in  confused  lines  along  the 
somber  forest-pathways,  while  the  Iroquois,  sallying  fr(»m 
their  stronghold,  sliowered  a-rvows  on  (heir  flaid\s  tiiid  rear. 
Their  wounded— Uhamphiin  ainong  tlie  resf— h-ul  been 
packed  in  baskets  for  trans[)ortation,  eachlorneon  the  back 
of  a  strong  warrior,  "bundled  in  u  heai>,"  says  t'hamplain, 
"doubled  and  strapped  together  after  such  a  fashion  that 
one  could  move  no  more  than  an  infant  in  .swaddling- 
clothes.  ...  I  lost  all  i)atieiu'e,  and  as  soon  as  I  could  bear 
my  weight  I  got  out  of  this  pivison,  or,  to  speak  plainly,  out; 
of  hell." 

At  length  the  dismal  mardi  was  ended.  TliPy  readied 
the  spoi  wliere  their  caaoes  were  hidden,  found  them  nn- 
toudied,  en^.bai'ked,  and  recrossed  to  the  northern  shore  of 
Lake  Ontario.  The  llurons  had  i)romised  t'hamplain  an  es' 
cort  to  Quebec:  but,  as  the  clnefs  liad  little  power,  in  i)eace 
or  war,  beyond  thuf  of  persuasion,  each  warrior  found  good 
reason  for  refusing  to  go,  or  lend  his  canoe. 

Champlain,  too,  had  lost  pre-;"]:e.  The  ''man  witl-  the 
iron  breast"  had  proved  not  i'  -arably  wedded  to  victory; 
and  though  the  fault  was  theii  ^  vn,  yet  not  the  less  was  tlie 
luster  of  their  hero  turnished.  There  was  no  alternative. 
He  must  winter  with  the  iTurons,  The  great  war  party 
broke  into  fragments,  eac-ld^and  betaking  itself  to  its  hunt- 
ing-ground. A  chief  nanjed  Durantal  offered  Champlain 
the  shelter  of  his  lo  Igo,  ami  M-  \>ris  fain  to  acce.pt  it.' 

Winter  wore  away.  si)rin7  camf',  and  finally  summer.  It 
was,  in  truth,  a  n  )vh1  and  stirring  time  [ov  Champlain. 
Here  his  many  adventures  "by  flood  and  field"  cannot  be 


>  '•  Pioii  crs  of  France  in  the  N".;  World.' 


SAMUKL  DE  ClIAMl'LALV. 


mi) 


s  knee  and  .'in- 
I  Lini.  Jle  wiis 
G  tl)e  Hi;  I  ens, 
ove  I'loni  tlieir 
time  exptcttd 

le  interval  with 
way.s  woi.st*  (I , 
ine-s  aUiii<r  tlin 
,  sallying  from 
lanka  and  rear, 
est— li'ld  been 
rneon  t  lie  back 
lys  t'lianii>lain, 
a  fashion  that 
in  .s\vaddlin<;- 
as  I  could  bear 
ak  plaiidy,  out 

Thi^y  readied 
und  them  iin- 
thern  shore  of 
ianii»lain  an  es- 
power,  in  peace 
ior  found  good 

■man  with  the 
ded  to  victory; 
he  less  was  the 
no  alternative, 
reat  war  party 
elf  to  its  hunt- 
ed Chamiilain 
i'ce,pt  it.' 
y  summer.  It 
[)r  Champlain. 
^Id"'  cannot  be 


recounted.  Our  space  is  too  small.  We  must  hasten  on.  It 
was  the  11th  of  J.dy,  lOlC,  as  he  a-nin  tn.d  the  rude  streets 
,>f  (iuel,ec,  accompanied  by  his  Huron  host,  1><'«''''';'1; 
(ire-d  were  the  rejoicings,  for  tlu^  Indians  ha.l  repoiU'd  hat 
nls  dl^d;  Fidher  Le  Car<.n-who  had  return-d  a  b.He 
before  him-welcomed  the  brave  «.,>mpan.on  ol  Ins  t<.  s 
and  the  Kran<-iscans  ofT-n-el  up  a  .solemn  Mass  oi  ihanks- 
•dvin"-  in  their  little  chapel.  t     i  •      i 

•  S^^ious  work  now  remained  for  Champlain.  Tn  his  ab- 
sence thepunv  colony  ha.l  been  daily  wastm^^  away,  and  wit  h- 
mt  the  constant  support  <.f  his  strong  arm  ^"'d  magu 
p  esen..e,  it  must  soon  ingl<.rl<msly  perish.  He  was  the  , le 
ind  soul  of  Canada,  yet  there  were  coh.nists  on  whose  fnend- 
Bhip  he  dare  not  count.  His  was  a  stern  and  thankless  tod 
The  picture  of  affairs  given  by  I\irlun:in  is  dismal.  At 
Quebec  all  was  discord  and  disonler.  ("hamplam  was  the 
nominal  <.ommander;  but  th.a.tud  authority  wa.  wi  h  the 

.erchants,  who   held,  excepting   .'...Franciscan    1-athe 
„,,,,y  every  one  in  their  p:iy.     IvM'k  was  jealous  o     he 
otlier,  but  all  were  united  in  a  common  jealousN  of  I  iam- 
p    -m      From   a   shorl-sighte.l    view  of   self-interest    they 
sou-ht  to  check  the  colonization  whi<'h  they  were  ple.lged 
t„  im.mote.     Some  of  the  m.Mchants  were  of  liouen,  some 
of  St.  Malo;  some  were  CathoVw-s,  some  were  Hiv^rnenots 
Lnce  unceasing  bickerings.     All  ex.Mris.>  of  t  le  T  eformed 
R,.ligion,  on  land  or  water,  was  prohibit..!  within  the  hmi  s 
of  New  France;  but  the  Huguenots  set  the  prohibition  at 
nau^dd,  roaring  their  heretical  psalm. .dy  with  ^^"<'1»  ^'^or 
from  their  ships  in  the  river  that  the  unhall.nv..d  strains 
polluted  the  ears  of  the  Indians  on  sIhkv.     Cl':^"M»l=un.    ^ 
his  singularly  trying  posith.n,  display.Ml   a  nungl.>d  /eal 
aid  fortitude.'  IL.  went  evc^ry  year  to  France,  laboring  for 
the  interests  of  the  colony.' - 


«k 


370 


SAMUEL  DE  CIlAMl'lAfX 


The  fouuderof  Quebec  renjalued  in  Fraiu'e  tluiin^^  1010. 
In  the  midst  of  the  events  wliich  tlieu  agitated  that  Kiiij?- 
(luni,  it  was  scarcely  to  be  exp^'cted  tliat  the  di:-tant  colony 
of  Canada  would  command  niucli  attention.  Still,  the  \  (.nn^ 
Duke  de  Montmoiency  puichased  from  tlie  Prince  of  Conile 
the  prolitable  lieutenancy  of  the  t'olony.  He  laid  11,(((> 
crowns  for  tlie  bargain,  and  cimstituted  Chaniplain  hia 
Lieutenant-General. 

Louis  Xlll.,  recognizing  the  services  rendered  to  religion 
and  to  France,  addressed  the  following  letter  to  the  intrei)id 
explorer: 

'•Cliamplain:  ILiving  learned  of  tlie  commission  which 
you  have  received  from  my  cousin,  the  Didce  de  Montmo- 
rency, Admiral  of  France,  and  my  Viceroy  in  Canada,  to 
procml  to  that  country  as  his  Lieutenant,  and  lo  liave  a 
care  for  what  concerns  my  service.  I  have  great  i)leasure  in 
addressing  you  this  letter,  in  order  to  assure  you  how  very 
an-reeable  shall  l)e  the  services  whidi  you  will  render  me  on 
this  occasion,  above  all,  if  yon  preserve  the  ct.lony  in  my 
obedience,  leading  the  inhabitants  to  live  in  conformity 
with  the  laws  of  France,  and  having  due  care  for  the  prog- 
less  of  the  Catholic  Faith,  to  tlie  end  that  you  may  thereby 
call  down  the  Divine  blessing  on  yourself,  and  that  you  may 
succeed  in  all  your  tmterprises  for  the  glory  of  C-Jod,  whom 
I  beseech  to  keep  you  in  llis  holy  Grace.  Given  at  Pans, 
the  7th  day  of  May,  ICrJO."  ^ 

The  prospects  of  the  cokmy  were  growing  brighter. 
Chaniplain  engaged  a  number  of  persons  to  emigrate  with 
him  to  Canada,  and  lie  even  decided  to  make  his  own  per- 
manent residence  on  the  banks  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  He 
sailed  from  Fiance,  accompanied  by  his  wife  and  several  of 
lier  relations,  and  landed  at  Quebec  in  the  summer  of  WiH\ 
The  Governor  was  received  with  every  mark  of  joy  and 
respect  A  solemn  Te  Denm  was  chanted  in  the  chapel 
of  the  Franciscans,  ard  new  life  and  happiness  seemed  to 

S   .trnno    r    lir  do  fondor  un  empire  fr«nv«is  .n  Amuriquo,  ot  d;npp..U-r  l.s  ,m,i..ns  nan- 
;  -        c      i.atio„  et  ^  la  religion  chrc.lenno  e,«lt  .1  anient  et  .i  Kr-everant,  '•"';;;?';<;. ^^^V'" 
ibmnlor  eou  dcvouemcnt,  ui  diminucr  .a  conflancc  dan.  la  protection  de  Dieu.-.life  le.lanU. 


SAMUKL  1)K  (JUA'II'I.M^- 


•371 


ice  iliiiin^'  1011). 

uted  that  Kiiij?- 

^  di>'tant  colony 
Still,  th»'  \oung 

Prince  of  Conde 
Ilf  laid  n,((() 
Cluiniplain   liis 

dered  to  rclij^ion 
iT  to  the  intrejiid 

•mnussion  wliich 
ike  de  Montnio- 
)y  in  Canada,  to 
I,  and  to  have  a 
jreut  })leasiire  in 
[•e  you  how  very 
ill  render  nie  on 
he  folt.ny  in  my 
e  in  cont'ormity 
are  for  the  prog- 
vou  may  thereby 
Hid  that  you  may 
ry  of  (-lod,  whom 
Given  at  Paris, 

rowing  bri^ihter. 
to  emi<rrate  witli 
ake  liis  own  per- 
.  Lawrence.  He 
ife  and  t;everal  of 
summer  of  U')2(\ 
mark  of  joy  and 
ed  in  the  chapel 
ipiness  seemed  to 

fol  an  !inrc?ss  d<>  son  (Ciivrc 
[-t  rt'nppcliT  Ic"  imiloiiK  Hwi- 
"i-vurnnt,  iiiic  ricn  iic  poiiviiit 
I  de  Dicu.— -liie  Fnianii. 


be  infusod  into  tb<'  ruu-h,  motley  society  of  the  litth'  rock- 
built  capital  of  Canada. 

It  was  M.irely  a  period  of  no  small  pleasures  to  the  noble 
Champlain,  on  (indin-  hhuself,  after  so  many  fatig.ies, 
anxieties  and  voyages,  in  the  bosom  of  his  family,  happdy 
reunited  near  him,  in  the  colony  which  he  had  founded, 
and  which  was  to  become  his  adol)ted  country. 

The  young  and  amiable  Madame  de  Cham  plain  had  taken 
witli  her  two  or  three  huKes,  -attached  to  her  service,  and 
who  were  to  her  a  necessity  in  the  midst  of  a  society  com- 
pas.Ml  almost  entirely  of  men.     Although  but  twenty-two 
vears  of  age,   she  had  exhibited   no  common   courage   m 
un.lertuking  such  a  long  and  piiinful  voyage  at  that  early 
epoch   of  American  history.     Daring   the   four  years  she 
remained  in  Canada,  she  won  the  respect  and  allection  ol 
l>oth  the  French  and  the  Indians.     The  poor  savages  were 
delighted  with  her  beauty  and  goolness.     And  siie,  with  the 
mo-^t  praiseworthy  energy  and  devotion,  learned  the  Algon- 
quin dialect,  and  taught  catechism  to  the  little  tawny  hall- 
niked  children  who  crowded  around  her  knee,  earned  her 
sweet  smile,  and  heard  words  of  holy  instuction  fall  fiom 

her  lips. 

Throughout  her  whole  life  Madame  de  Champlain  (on- 
li'iU'Ml  to  testify  the  deep  interest  she  took  in  the  Canadian 
ni'isslous;  and  when,  after  the  death  of  her  illustrious  hus- 
band, she  retired  to  the  Ursuline  convent,  at  Meaux,  in 
•  France,  she  ceased  not  to  remember  tlie  simple  cliildren  of 
the  forest,  some  of  whom  had  listened  in  other  days  to  the 
sound  of  her  maternal  voice. 


CHAPTKK  V. 

Tin:    DKATII    <>i     CIIAMIM.AIV. 

Gioiotli  of  th>'  cutuiii/  JtrlhjioKK  disrord—Qvihrr  tall II 
b!f  the  KmjlhU  -Tlh'  J\'-:hiit  iii  Franrr  Tlir  It't'hf 
riii'i'tJH  of  ('hd'iipldill  -t'diiflda  t'tf<fon(/  to  FiHiiri  ^ 
('Jioihphiiii  b><uiii<'<  iioim.oi-  Ilia  inJIiK  ikt  vrcr  flw 
i<oraiji'.s  UiiiL'Uiil  iHoijnss  of  (he  ruJviif/  A  roJhfft'ot 
Qufbn'i-Ulaiur  (it  Vhuiitphiin' t:  (t<tH !f  life  -lUs  (hatli, 
oil  Uliiistinas  Dai/,  \\jXy~-Ili;<  Choiavter. 

Tli^*  H'li.u;ioiis  controversies  uhich  jjrevailed  in  Fianco 
added  to  tlie  number  of  <(']oni>ts  iliat  soiiviil  new  imnies 
in  Canada.  Cli.iniplain  was  iaboring  late  and  eaiiy  ii  r  the 
w»'ll'are  of  the  colony.  A  settlement  was  made  at  Thive 
Rivers,  and  a  brisk  trade  was  ca-ried  on  at  Ta<loussac.  In 
in:2(5  Quebec  he^an  to  assume  the  I'ace  ol'  a  city,  ^b^st  u' 
the  old  buildings  had  I  een  leveled  wit.h  the  ground,  and 
new  ones  erecteii.     The  fortress  was  lelmilt  willi  stone.' 

Kelifiious  troidiles.  lutwever,  iinhajiiily  be<ian  to  disturb 
tlie  peace  of  the  colony.  The  people  were  divided  in  theii- 
reliuious  principles.  Tiie  ('aens.  wlio  held  tlie  mom  j>!y  of 
trade,  were  bitter  Oalvinists.  'i'his  added  to  the  didiculties 
of  Ohamplain's  position.  ITe  was  deeply  scandalized  l)y  the 
coutumacious  lieresy  of  Kmeiy  de  Caen,  who  not  only  as- 
sembled his  TTugnenot  sailois  at  prayers,  but  forced  Catlio- 


1  Tho  ypiir  KUI  \\n*  rondciort  mrmonihlp  at  (Jii-'hcc  !);•  St.  .lo^cpli  s  Ijcin;;  clio? cu  ii»  the  Jird 
Tiitron  SmnI  of  Circidi. 

l/.inru'c  Ki'.'l  fiit  ni.irqni'K  a  (Jiivhi'i'  pur  iiiii-  ■^oldntiili"  ri'Ii2irii<o.  ik  Inqiiollo  ii.'slsifrt'iit  tni»  I's 
Franniisci  plii-ionr.1  siiiivasm.  Kllf  fnt  (('li'liic'c  I'n  cxj'rii.ion  rt'rni  vaMi  fait  a  I'l'disiii'iir  il.  ■  •■.'  t 
.lo-i'pli.  qiip.  (l;in<  coitc  occasion,  fiit  ( hnW  conimi'  pi'inii-r  po'inn  (!<■  la  Nouvcllc  Iniiu'.  . 
ncpiii.' !■(' li'Hi|H,  la  ilfvoiioii  Clivers  Saint  .lo-i'ph  s'l-^l  loiijoiirs  coiimtvi'i' vivc  ct  I'lllcacr  parnii 
;<■»  Caiiafiii'ti''.  aiil«i  (inc  Taltr'tcn:  lc>  Iinmtiii'ilscs  (■^.-lii^cs  placi'i's  snus  ni  protection,  el  Irs  cdii- 
fn'iics  (''tahlic-  en  s(iii  hniin<ur  -.1'-'"'  Fnliinil. 

The'  first  hand  or  .Ii-nil,.  that  nod  the  soil  of  Canada  land<'d  at  (JhcIht  in  Id.!.".  It  (<i;.-l>tiU  of 
Kathiis  Charli's  Lakmcnt,  John  dc  Uribiaif,  Enoiiiuiid  .Maa^f,  anil  two  llro.hcri. 


BAilUEL  DE  CUAMPT.ATJT. 


nw 


inrr  Tilt'  hil'hf 
^1(1  (it  FiViiri  — 
iJliK  HIT  vrcr  iho 
Iff-  A  rolhfH'  of, 
life  -I Ha  (Inith, 
tr, 

iiilrd   in  Fianro 

imhl  new  in  lines 

ltl<l  es'lly  ill'  tli»> 

ni:i(lt>   jit   Tliive 

t    TlKloUSSiM'.       ]ll 

a  city.  Most  oi' 
the  ground,  and 
\  witli  stone.' 
began  to  distnib 
divided  in  tlieii- 
[  file  iiioni  ji!y  of 
lo  the  didiculties 
vandalized  l)y  the 
ivho  not  only  as- 
)nt  foired  Catho- 

1  Iji'iii;;  cliOfC'ii  iiM  the  fircl 

Inqupllp  iif'flHlf n'nl  irii«  I's 
(VII  full  II  ri'.oiiiuMiriK  -  •:'  '. 
)«  (!•'  la  NoiivclU'  rniiii'.  . 
LTvi'i'vivc  ct  ('fllcacr  piirnil 
ll!»  Ni  piolcction.  I'l  Irs  (Oh- 

lice  ill  III'.'.".  It  (■<i'..-l>uil  of 
o  llro.hcrs. 


lies  to  join  them.  Caen  was  ordered  thenrefortli  to  prolid.it 
his  orHNvs  from  all  praying  and  palm-singing  on  the  Kiver 
St  Lawrence.  'Ihe  (^rews  revolted,  and  a  compromis,'  was 
mado.  It  was  agieed  that,  for  the  present,  they  might  pray, 
hut  m)t  sing.  "  A  bad  bargain,"  says  the  pious  Champlain, 
-but  we  made  the  best  of  it  we  could."  Caen,  enraged  at 
the  Viceroy's  reproofs,  lost  no  opportunity  to  vent  his  spleen 

against  the  .lesuits.'  ..in.. 

In  this  divided  !-.tate.  the  cohmy  was  suddenly  attacked  I)} 
an  English  armament,  under  the  command  of  Sir  Dayid 
Kirk  in  10>.).  II '  sailed  up  the  St.  Lawrence,  ai-peared  be- 
fore Quebec,  and  demanded  the  surreiuh'r  of  the  i.lace. 
Champlain,  th.Migh  ill  prepared  to  resist  an  attack,  gave  a 
l)old  and  dignilied  refusal.  Ihit  the  town  was  so  miserably 
supplied  with  provisions,  that  in  a  short  time  each  man 
was  reduced  to  live  on  seven  ounces  a  day  of  peas.  A  re- 
lief s(piadron  from  France  entered  the  river,  but  was  cnp- 
tured  by  the  English.  This  last  blow  made  further  resist- 
ance useless,  and  Champlain   was  reluctantly  obliged   to 

c'.ipitulate.  _  .  .  ,  ,         ,  ,        i 

He  was  carried  to  France  in  a  British  vessel,  and  found 
the  mindi  of  the  rulers  there  much  diviihnl  with  regard  to 
Canada.  Some  considered  it  not  worth  regaining,  as  it  had 
cost  the  government  vast  sums,  without  making  any  return; 
others  deemed  the  fishery  and  fur  trade  to  be  great  national 
objects,  especially    as    they  proved   to  be    a  nursery  for 

seamen.  ,  .       ,  .  i 

Champlain  still  ardently  hoped  to  see  his  colony  re-estab- 
lished. With  him  patriotism,  religion  and  civilization  were 
inseparable.  To  found  a  Christian  empire  in  America,  to 
civilize  the  Indian  and  make  him  a  child  of  the  Church— 
Huch  were  the  grand  objects  to  which  this  illustrious  man 
consecrated  his  energy,  liis  affection,  his  life.  He  now  used 
rll  his  influence  and  his  eloquence  to  show  the  value  of 
Canada  to  the  mother  country.  Nor  were  his  efforts  in  vain, 
r.y  the  Treaty  of  St.  Germain,  in  1032,  Canada  was  restored 
tD  France. 


f^' 


tM 


BAilUEL  DE  CirA.VPr.AIN. 


In  Mny,  lOIW,  (Jlmmplaiu  landtd  at  Quebec.  IIo  caiTU'd 
witli  him  Ills  «'orntnhiiou  us  Ouvonior  of  tiinaJn,  MiKiU'd  by 
Cardinal  Kiclu'lit'U  in  U'lialf  uf  tlie  company  of  New 
Fiano'.  lie  was  liandrd  fli»'  k»'ys  ftf  tlic  citadel,  and  re- 
snmed  command.  'I'lie  joy  of  tli«  colonists  was  botindless 
on  seeing  the  founder  of  their  country.  All  reco^'nized  and 
adndred  his  devotion,  and  his  noble,  iiidomifable  chaincter. 

lint  a  few  days  jjassed  away,  when  he  held  a  f-reat  <()un- 
t'il,  to  which  he  invited  his  dusky  friends,  the  Algonciuin 
chiefs.  He  had  heard  that  it  was  their  intention  to  trade 
with  the  Knglish,  and  he  spoke  to  them  with  such  skill  and 
insinuating  elociuence  that  the  Indians  pKniiyed  to  h(»ld  no 
commerce  with  the  enemies  of  the  Frencli.  On  sncli  occa- 
sions, Champlain  was  accustomed  to  gain  over  the  savages 
not  only  by  his  tact,  prudence,  and  jointed  reasoning, 
but  even  more  so  by  his  gayety  and  excel K-nt  good  humor. 
"You  are  always  the  same,"  said  a  chief,  addressing  him  at 
the  close  of  this  assembly.  "You  have  always  something 
to  say  which  gladdens  our  hearts  and  puts  us  in  good 
temper." 

The  blessing  of  Heaven  now  seemed  to  rest  on  the  colony, 
and  it  advanced  with  rapid  strides  on  the  road  of  peace  and 
prosperity.  Immigrants  flowed  in.  The  Jesuit  Fathers  es- 
tablished the  Huron  mi.ssions,  attended  to  the  spiritual 
welfare  of  the  colonists,  and  founded  a  college  at  Quebec, 
the  first  college  erected  in  North  America  from  Hudson's 
Bay  to  the  Gulf  of  M'^xico.  "Its  foundation  was  laid,  ' 
writes  Bancroft,  "under  happy  ausi)ices  in  IGIJS,  just  before 
Champlain  passed  from  amtmg  the  living;  and  two  years 
before  the  immigration  of  John  Harvard,  and  one  year  before 
the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts  had  made  provisions 
for  a  college." ' 

Since  his  retuin  to  Quebec  the  venerable  Champlain  led  a 
most  autive  and  saintly  life.  Tie  established  such  admir- 
able order  among  both  citizens  and  .soldiers  that,  according 
to  Father  Ln  Jcune,  S,  J.,  "the  fort  resembled  a  well  regu- 
lated academy."     Following  the  example  of  their  chief,  all 


"  "History  of  tho  fnltcU  Stutw,"  Vol.  HI. 


HAM  IK  I'  JH-'  cirAMPrAiy. 


'.\n 


hoc.     Ho  carried 

iiuula,  MiKtU'd  by 

iiipimy  of   New 

cinuh'I,  and  re- 

S    WUH    IxtlltldU'SS 

11  rf((igiii/<-d  and 
iifal»l"  <'huiacfer. 
^Id  a  ^reat  <'()un- 
S  tilt*  Algonciuin 
itmtlon  to  trade 
h  Niich  .skill  and 
aiiyt'd  to  hold  no 
On  such  occa- 
over  the  sava^^es 
int(.'d  reasoning, 
■nt  good  humor, 
(idre.s.sing  him  at 
Iways  something 
;ul8  us  in  good 

'St  on  the  colony, 
oad  of  peace  and 
esuit  Fathei-s  es- 

to  the  spiritual 
llege  at  Que))ec, 
a  I'lom  Hudson's 
lation  was  Jaid,  ' 
,  1G:J5,  just  before 
r;  and  two  years 
d  one  jear  before 

made  provisions 

Champlain  led  a 
lied  such  admir- 
's  that,  according 
ibled  a  well  regu- 
of  their  chief,  all 


nm.r.mchea  tho  Sacniments.    'Ilielr  c.tiduct  was  regular  and 
edirying      .I<'sult    Fathers  and  s<-arle.l  nllhers  mingled  ut 

(Miainplain'H  table.     There  was  litll uversatlon,  but  in  its 

place  good  histories  and  the  lives  <.f  th.^  .saints  were  read 
alou.l,  as  In  the  refect.^ry  of  a  monastery.  In  the  evemng. 
like  a  true  father,  the  ({..vrrncr  reunited  the  sol.liers  t..- 
ir,.fher  in  his  room  to  make  the  examination  <>f  conseieiice 
an.l  to  say  the  prayers  for  the  night.  He  alM.  establishe.l 
th«custom-so  religiously  continued  to  the  pre.sent  tnne- 
«)f  sounding  the  .\m!;elus  bell  three  tim.'s  a  <lay. 

In  the  miilst  of  all  thes-  liappy  circumstances  the  angel 
of  death  ,ame.     On  (M.ristU'.as  ilay.  lOlC.,  the  sad  tH'ws  was 

whispered  around  Q.u-b-     that   Chan.plain   was  no  more. 

\nd  thus,  at  theage  of  sixlv-eight,  after  rec.v.ng  all  the  holy 

;.ous,.lations..f  relighm,  on  (he  most  lu-autiful  l-st.va  .u  tho 
...jlemlarof  the  Church,  the  illustrious  iMmiub-r  ol  Canada 
went  to  receive  the  reward  of  the  faithful  s.-rvant. 

'Christmas  D..y,  1035,"  writ-.  i;arlunan,^'was  a  d     c 
dav  in  the  annals  of  New  France.      u  a  chamber  of  t  c  f  n 
breathless  and  old,  lay  the  hardy  frau.e  which  war,  the  mI- 
lerness,  and  the  sea  had  buiTeted  so  long  m  vain.     After 
two  m.mths  anX  a  half  of  illness,  Champhun,  at  the  age  o 
^"t^,  was  dead.     His  last  cares  were  for  his  colony  and 
the  ;uccT)r  of  Its  suffering  fanulies.     Jesuits,  ofhcers,  sohlun-s, 
ule  s,  and  the  few  settlers  of  (iiebec.  followed  his  ren.a.ns 
to  the  church,  Le  Jeune'  pronounced  his  eulogy,  and  the 
feeble  community  built  a  tomb  to  his  honor 

Champlain  passed  away,  loved  and  honored  by  all.  Many 
years  a  terwards,  a  Jesuit  missionary  u>ard  among  the 
Huron  Indians  the  warmest  testimony  o  then-  a<lm.ra  mn 
or  the  virtues  which  they  had  remarked  in  Champlain  dur- 
ing the  winter  that  he  passed  in  their  country.  They  held 
lii^  memory  in  the  greatest  respect. 

V  caS  study  of  his  life  nrd  character  will  show  us 
that  he  possessed  all  the  qualities  to  be  expected  m  the- 
founder  of  a  colony-constancy,  firmness  courage  disinter, 
cstedness,  honor,  h>y^atv^_patnotism,  and  above  all  a  living 

r^nir^ni)crior  of  the  Jesuit  Fathers  ot  Quebec. 


376 


s.wrrHf.  PK  nf.{}frL.\ry. 


prnctlciil  fnlfh  wlilch  crfivvn^'d  tlio  Invnity  of  hts  nnblo  rlinr- 
ncf«'r,  nn<l  1«mI  liirii  to  i»';,':ii'<l  '*tli«'  Halvati<»n  of  ii  .siiiK'*'  «<>'kl 
us  worth  inoio  tliiiii  tli*'  coiuiiu'st  of  iiii  niipin'.'" 

To  profound  n'lijj;ioiH  I'oiivirlloiis.  Ii»'  udiifd  giiitid»'iir  of 
vlt'WH,  llrtnn«'MH  in  tlin  midst  of  revtrst's,  and  a  iiiaiv«'lou« 
jtHrsevcratic*^  In  tlu' principal  woi-k  of  liis  lif»*.  His  iiiiwav- 
t'rln^M'oiilidt'nce  in  tlio  protection  of  iuu\,  and  his  faith  in 
the  Muccfss  of  his  enterprises,  are  worthy  of  our  adinini- 
tion.  In  th(>  nti  1st  of  a  thousand  didicidties  he  marched  on 
conrajxcously  towards  thf^oid  at  which  he  aimed  for  tho 
glory  of  (»od  and  the  honor  of  France. 

Thirty-two  years  before  his  <leath  he  had  visited  the  ma- 
jestic St.  Ijjiwrence  for  the  llrst  time,  and  formed  the^iiind 
project  of  planting  tho  French  Wix^  on  the  heij-hts  of  Que- 
bec. Year  after  year,  lie  persevered  in  this  glori(»us  enter 
prise.  In  war,  in  <'ouncils,  in  his  lonj:  voyages  of  discov- 
ery, anil  in  every  ])osition,  he  never  ceased  to  exhibit  an  en- 
ergy, courage,  sliill,  and  constancy  which  wuro  beyond  all 
praise. 

He  founded  the  city  of  Quebec,  and  with  rare  liappiness 
chose  the  sites  on  which  istand  to-day  the  cities  of  Three 
Rivers'  and  Montreal.'  So  carefully  did  h;?  i)rotect  the  \m\>- 
lie  and  piivat(!  interests  of  both  tlu*  Frencli  colonists  and 
the  Indians  that  they  regarded  him  as  a  fatherland  in  the 
midst  of  contests  and  disputed  matt<'rs,  w  Inch  he  had  often 
to  decide,  never  was  a  doubt  raised  as  to  the  supreme  recti- 
tude of  his  intentions. 

"Of  the  pioneers  of  the  North  American  forests,"'  says 
Parkman,  '*his  name  stands  foremost  on  the  list.  It  was 
he  who  struck  the  deepest  and  boldest  strokes  into  the  heart 
of  their  pristine  barbarism.     At  Chantilly,  at  Fontainebh'au, 

'  Cliiini|ilaln'H  zciil  forllii'  propiiiiiillon  of  the  Calhollr  rfliglon  wiw  co  crcat  ttmt  It  hii»  ii  com- 
mon Hayiiiit  'Mill  liirn  tliut  "  tho  vnlvntioii  of  oni>  eoul  wuit  of  more  value  than  the  conquest  of  un 
einiilit'."—  Uri-my  lUlkiiap. 

'  Till-  city  of  Tlirc'c  Ulvcrn  l»  hrtwopn  Quebec  nml  Montreal.  It  In  the  nee  of  u  rutliollc 
'   Blnliop. and  In  IRTt  had  a  |)opiilotion  or7,r>70. 

'  MontrcBl  in  today  the  larucnt  city  in  the  Dominion  of  Cnnnda.  and  the  roninicrclal  capital  of 
the  coiHitry.  It  Htamlt  on  an  Island  of  the  wmic  nnnir,  «  hUh  1^  about  .'K)  miIIcm  Iiuik  by  10  wide. 
In  ISTl  Die  population  was  lOT.'J^'i.  of  winch  TT,  OHO  were  CuthulicD.  Mount  Uoyal,  from  which  It 
derives  Itu  name,  riuen  "."iO  feet  above  the  harbor. 


H.hMVKf'  PK  cn.yMrfMy. 


nn 


his  nnhlo  flinr- 

iv.'" 

It>(l  gintiilfiir  of 
ful  a  iiiiirvj'loiiH 
f»'.  His  iiMwav- 
tiiid  Ills  fiiiili  in 
oT  our  ii'liuini- 
i  \w  iiiiirclird  oil 
(  aliiH'd  lor  tluj 

I  visited  flic  nin- 
rrii>'d  tJH'  ^I'Mud 

llt'ijilltS  «il'    t^lM'- 

1  glorious  cuter 
riigcs  of  discov- 
()  exhibit  iin  en- 
vuro  beyond  all 

rare  haitplncss 
cities  of  Three 
protect  the  piib- 
h  colonists  and 
ther;  and  in  tlut 
ch  he  had  often 
e  supreme  rccti- 

n  forests,"  says 
he  list.  It  was 
es  into  the  heart 
tFontainebleau. 

o  crciit  ttmt  It  HUH  II  com- 
ic thHn  tlic  coiiqiii'.<t  of  un 

Ih  the  wc  uf  u  rutlmllc 


nt  Paris  In  the  cabin-ts  of  pHncMS  and  of  roynlly  Itsrlf, 
n,inu'in..iwilh  the  pK.ml  vanilies  of  the  Court;  then  lost 
from  HJKht  iu  the  depths  uf  faiiudii,  the  ci.mpanion  ol  .sn- 
„aes  sh:.rer  of  their  toils,  privntions.  nnd  battles,  morn 
lurd'v.  p-.tient.  an.l  bold  than  ihey  such  for  .smcccssivm 
vears  uere  the  alternations  t.f  this  mans  life.  A  hohUer 
from  his  vouth,  in  an  age  of  uabridh.l  license,  his  life  ai.^ 
Hvvered  to' his  n.a.xinis;  and  when  a  generation  ha.l  passe.i 
„ft,.r  his  visit  to  the  Ilurons.  their  elders  remembered  with 
usfnishniHit  theconlim^menr  ih.^  great  Kremh  war  chief. 

-That  which  we  most  admire  in  him,"  writes  tharlevoix, 
-was  his  constancy  in  carrying  «'Ut  his  enterprises,  his 
bravery  in  the  greatest  dangers,  hiscounige,  which  was  proof 
a-'ainsi  the  most  trying  misfortum-s,  his  anient  and  disinter- 
ested zeal  lor  his  .Mmntry,  and  his  tender  and  compassiiuut*, 
heirt  lie  was  the  very  soul  of  honor  an.l  charity.  V.iiL 
w!nt  gave  the  crowning  feature  to  all  these  good  (pialllles 
wis  that,  in  his  crmduct  as  well  as  in  his  writings,  he  was 
ever  a  true  Christian,  zealous  for  the  service  of  (Jodan.i  full 
of  candor  and  ivlighin."' 


•  In  ihr  p^.Imrl^tlon ..f  tl.o  for..Boln«  -kH.h  «o  .-i""-!.!!!.*'  ,irkno«l...li.'.-oi.rirfrM  lndoMr(1nr..t« 
V,Mkn,:n. '■  l',...u-.r.  »(  Kmncc  llltho  NVw  rtorl.l,"  :.ml  to  Abb.'.  FrrlmiclV  ••  CrmfH  ri  lll-lolr.' 
(In  I'liii.'iilii." 

•'  »,..|.loH  Ih.-  vnbiniP  "  n.-'  S  itivni!"^."  Ih.ii.mI  Id  1W1.  ninniplHl"  |".bll-b,.,|  "  Vo>  ni...  -In  mm. 
x,„l,  *..ry  vaUmbl.-  di  irl*  ..f  th..  N-w  Kn«h.i..l  .■naM,    In  l.ll'  hr  |,»bl|.h.M|  ..  «<.rk  .  onl-jiiilnu  |l 

>..rv  l.„,llv..,.T,..nl  ,,hrl,lL'l..rnt  -f  lb..  pr.N v.-v,,!-.-,  «i(b..nt  lb.  Ir  MihmhI..  mnp-     Ihl-u-  _ 

„,„,.  ,,|,o  ronniln-  «  rnl...hl«n.  in  Huron  an.l  i.n.y.TH  In  Monl»cn«l-.  II  <vn.  r..,.rinl..l  »  I  nrl-  I  i 
IHKI  «ilb.ml  ir.,iii..  A-  Mb„l„rH  r.M.nlr.'.l  all  lb.'  v...vatr.-.  lo  know  «hi.t  Champlaln  m.lly  «i..u-. 
,„,.  ,..„rn.-,l  .•aib..llr  .UT>.vm,.n  of  (in.L.T.  lb-  Abb.'-  I  avrrtb-r..  an.l  .■a-.-ralr,.  «;"'<"""■"''' 
,|,..„  l„.,on.Ml  Kin.h-..  pnbl|.b...l  In  ^Ki^  lb,.«bol..  htI-h,  Imln.llnL-  bi.  M.-xl-nn  ,o,HU...,lna 
voU..  «UU  not.':*  una  facslmlltji.  of  ull  tin:  mm  »">i  illUBlralioii».-.l«.<fkun  i,idi>i^UM. 


I 


(he  rnnimiTrlal  raplliil  nf 
t ;»)  nillcH  l.HiK  by  1(1  Willi', 
ount  Koyal,  from  which  It 


FATIIHK  ISAAC  JOllll'S,  S.J., 

TlIK  AI'OSTI.K  OV  TIIK  UUKJUOIH  ' 


CHAPTKK   I. 

Tin:    YOVTII    t»l-    A   tiUKAT    MISSlONAItV. 

Joffuvn'    birth  out/ /ii  III  if//     His  innf/nr     H</itra(ion-/k'' 

' coini'H  a  Jtsiiit    (tn/iiififioii     S<Hs  ii/orri;/ii  mission-^ 

In  St nt  to  i'liiioila     Littrr  to  his  iiiafhri--Anofhrr  hf- 

ter--la  snit  to  thv  I  In  ion  mission  -  Ihsni/ifion  of  the 

Joitrni'i/     His  niissionnr//  (oils     /HJflm/tii  s  of  thr  mis- 

sionnr'if.f-  llisjournvif  to  the  'Jubaau  yution. 

Isanc  .Jogiu's,  "«>ti(«  of  ili.'  yuwst  ♦•ximipl*'^  f»f  ^'atliolir 
virtih'wiiicli  this  W.-striti  Coiiriii.iil  lias  sffn,"  was  licriisifc 
OrU'iins,  Franc*',  on  ili.'  KMli  d'  .Jiiiniiuy,  Hi(»7.    ll»'  lu'lotip-d 

t<»  a  most  worthy  family.     Ai   an  ly  ngn,  Ihn  hoy  wn;i 

depriv.'d  of  his  flith.-r,  l)iil.  h:i|iiiily.  hv  found  in  his  mother 
a  nobU!  woman,  who  iindfrsh.od  ili.-  li(.ly  mission  which  (jod 
had  conlidcd  to  ht-r  in  ilic  .'ducation  of  h.-r  children. 

In  his  tenth  yi'ar,  Isaac  entered  the  collep' just  opened  hy 
the  Jesuit  Fathers  in  his  native  city.  As  he  grew  inap',  lie 
made  rapid  projrress  in  his  studies,  and  always  stood  high 
in  his  class.  When  talent  is  backed  by  liard  work,  the  re- 
ward is  never  uncertain.  In  this  instance,  we  nro  told,  suc- 
cess was  the  fruit  of  constant  application,  seronded  by  a 


I  Chlof  oiilhorili'n  iik.iI;  Wn-  V.  Miiilln.  ••  !.<•  \W  V  Niinr  .locur's, iIi-  III  C<.ni|mi.'iilf  ili- .U*n», 
Prrnil.r  ApAirr  <\o*  li<«iimi-; "  I'rrr  K,  .1.  H  ("am.  -  Hiliiioli  Al.i.ViV  <!<•  (^!.■l.l^.•-  Mi.-.:nii.,"' 
nonv..|l..  .'.lllion,  1HT7:  AliW  K.tIiukI,  -CniirH  .1  lli-iorli'  .In  Ciiim.lii;"  lUinrrnft.  ■•  Ili-Kiry  of  Ilia 
mil.Ml  Slul.'^:"  I'urknmn,  "  Tho  .'.Hill-  In  N<«r.h  Aiii.tI.ii;  '  Sh.'ii,  •  lli-t..r>  nf  lli.'  (■.tll...llf 
MlK-lon-  Mim.ni!  It..-  Imll  n  Trlh.'H  of  Ih.'  Cnil.'.!  StHfK,"  M...l,.'."l,  "  l».'<.>ii...i  l-  H..  I!I.-m  ,1 
Vlrijin  In  North  Ani.Tl.u;"  Spiil.llfic  -  MiH.'.lliin.'.i;'  !).<  Couny,  •Th.-  falliolk-  rlinr.ti  In  tliu 
VnlleU  bttttc»i'  "  Ubiory  of  llic  CbiUoUc  ChircU  lu  lUt  LuUiJ  SlultD," 


|gl  r\mFn  ffi.i.ifjofirmf,  MI, 

null'l  Jinl4tiit'nf.  nil  «'X«'Mll«'nt  iiicir.ory,  niiM-li  p<'n»'lrtitit  n  nwiX 
liap|iy  ili<4)io<«it lolls  t>i'  Ill-Ill (.  Nothing  \n  iiitti*'  fiivuitibU*  hi 
til"  hi^hix^t  ((••\«'l<)|)MMtii  cif  IntflllK  IK  •'  ilittii  II  K^)'i(l  lifitit; 
aii'l  rnily  a  piiiv,  gtHdl  lifuii  IvM  lit  tin.'  lio)  hh  lucuiii  ot 
Italic  .t*>;;iu»(. 

With  tli<>  i'()tiHi*iit  aii'l  bIcMMiiiK  uf  IiIh  iiinihfi-,  he  citifitMl 
Ihf  tiovltliitf  of  tin*  ><  ( li 'ly  of  .l«'siis,  at  Hoinii,  In  hU  <.t'V»'ii- 
tt'«'iitli  y»'ar.  fifii'  tlu»  fiiliii"  .\iio««tl«'  of  iIm'  Iroquois  foiiiul 
a  iiiUHit'i-  ni'oroiiii'lly  vim''«)'iI  in  tli«>  kiiowli'dgc  iiimI  I'lartlct* 
r>r  tlit>  tliiMu<*  ol'  {i<i\.  Tlih  ^^aH  tli(>  fatiiouiH  Kaili»-r  l.oiiU 
LalfMiint,  S.  .1.  'I'll*'  virtu»»,  aptltiub-M,  ami  happy  UI«|kj:i|. 
tiffin  oi"  thf  yoiinu:  novii'M  w.To  wtriUinu.  Ilf  **iul\anr«'cl  In 
\vJ<«tloni,  a^i>.  anil  ;t;iai'«>  li*>rot-i>  <io(|  aixl  man."  At'tt'i'  u 
tlni»»  In'  tau;;lir  with  appIausM,  pasMfd  lliMiijih  varl«'Us  col- 
l«';^M>s  of  th<' Siii-ifty,  ami   waH  oidalm'd  in  in:i(l. 

Fath.'f  .louin's' (h'Hlrc  for  a  foii'lKii  ini"«^i»»n  \vaH  fooiittiati 
li«'i|,  ami  in  tli)>  spring  of  l(i:iil  hn  uas  <)i'ili>t'«Ml  to  Ilicppi>, 
wIum'p  a  s(pia<li'(»n  was  about  to  >iaH  for  Canada.  HfforH 
quitting  Kouimi,  Ii»»  wrot*'  a  few  words  of  consolation  to 
liis  nioflii'r.  'I'Im'  Ifttt-r  h'ars  tin-  niaiks  of  liasic,  but  it 
Nho\vsili)>  .stinplit'ity,  Kraiidtuir  of  houI,  and  lilial  alb'ction  of 
the  writer: 

•'>b)sf  MouoiimI  >fofln>r: 

"It  would  b.'  failinij  in  the  first  (bity  of  a  pnni]  son  to- 
wards  so  »'xct'llt'nt  a  niotlifr,  if,  bcintr  on  tli^  point  of  stfp. 
piii^  'i|  )P  tim  broad  ocfan.  T  NJiouid  forp't  to  say  adifii.  I 
wnt  y.;u  a  l»'ttt»r  h.  ;t  luontli  l)y  Mr.  Tanz<»au,  statinjr  that 
1  siaiipd  for  Difppi'.  NV.-  hoped  to  sail  about  Tloly  Week, 
but,  heaflwinds  ami  unl'avorabU'  w»'ath«'r  ha\t>  caiisi'd  dt-lay. 
I  hoji^*  that  Uod  will  (b'ijrn  to  ^dvn  iis  a  fair,  pleasant  voy. 
n^H,  as  our  scjuadron  is  made  up  of  qiutn  a  nunibt-r  of  ves- 
shIs,  and  many  ^'ood  .soids  pray  for  us.  I  am  Nur»'  you  will 
pleas»»  contributf'  somfthinjj:  to  the  success  of  our  voyaiji^ 
by  your  prayers,  and.  above  all.  by  a  generous  resifrnatioii 
of  your  will  to  the  Divine  will,  <'onfoinMny  your  desires  to 
those  of  Divine  Providence,  which  are  never  other  than 
most  holy  and  honorable  for  us,  since  they  emanate  from 


!'••  ftiviil'ttbU*  hi 

it  noin\   lii-ili't,' 

»}  hll  I'UNoiii  ol 

l»'f,  Ih'  •'lit«'l«'(| 
II.  ill  lih  '••■\i'i|. 
Ilii«|iitih  ftiiiliil 

M    tlll*l     I'liU'ticH 

KiillitT  t.otth 
hilpliV  Ui.M|K;:;l. 

"nihiini-i'd  in 
im."  Ali»r  u 
'M  Vtll'ioUM  (uU 

\\t\s  J'nolijjnitU 

•I'll  to  lMt'i>|»>, 
inmlu.  Mt'foiM 
rotisdintioti  to 
r  li)ist«>,  Itnt  it 
liiil  nir«'(ti(iii  of 


a  pnml  son  to- 
'  ]K)int  of  stt'p- 
»  my  julit'ii.  I 
II,  stiitin^r  iliiit 
It  Holy  Wrrlx, 
■  ciiiisi'ti  (ifliiy. 
,  i)I«'iis!iiit  voy- 
lumhtT  of  vrs- 
1  Nur»>  yon  will 
of  oiir  voyjit;^ 
tiiH  ivsifiriiitioii 
•oiir  (lesin-M  to 
■or  otlitT  tliati 
emanate  from 


tuA.WJOniiia  H  /  M 

th.'  lu'nrt  of  tt  F.ttlH'r  |Hi^M|oniil.'ly  ^ftll»  Itoiis  for  our  \\»'lfaif. 

"I  liM|>«'.  as  I  liaNt-  ••aid  oii  another  iH«»si(m.  ihul  If  yoii 
riK'eU''  thii  lltil..  aftlirtiun  in  «b»  |>*"|»t^  «I'U».  it  >*iJJ 
Imi  MXtit'iiiHy  aKl.'eal.l.i  to  tli.'  AlliilMlHy'  '«»»'  «'•»*  '"*"  "' 
>*Ihmii  sh.Hiia  iH'ulv.'ti  not  ..tily  ohm  mou,  but  all  i»ie  oilier»«. 
iital  .'v.'ii  lir.'  it^.'lf,  If  it  «.•••••  n'ee*-aiy,  For  u  lUil.-  uiilii 
mm  iravMiHo  tli-  nea^  ••mliuitm  ul  l«'iff  »»*  »"«»«'»»  »•*  ^^•*5 
uri.t  for  tiM'  lov."  .»f  (»oa  w..  hesitate  to  emluiv  hIiuI  Pa-n  ilo 
in  tli»'  iiit»'it"*t  of  tli«'  woilil  I 

'•  v.li.'ii.  my  .l.'ar  Mothff,  I  tliaiiU  yoii  for  all  >oi.i' t»'n(l»T 
ntr»Mtioii  to  Ml.'.  Sli.ail.l  vvr  not  na  .-t  iiMt.ln  III  iIiIh  wuil.l, 
God  will  rail  IIS  tt»K«'ll'»'l'  I"  ''»"  '»"•'  "''  '•'*'  HU'ved. 

••I'lease  to  kIv"  niy  most  liiiml-U-  \v\nmU  to  tn>  l.iuiliMrs 
ami  >ist.'rs,  to  wlio^r  ulT..  tioiwiie  |  layeiH,  a«  to  your  u\s\\,  I 

lomna-nd  myself,  ....  .1    i  #- 

YiHir  mo«i  laimliln  *m  siihi  oi»««lu'iit  ^^  rviiiit  in  J.  v  , 

ISAAC  jurnKs. 

DiKPrr,  ApriUtli,  loao."' 

Tl v.Mits  .•ouii..rte.l  wltli  his   voyaiie  all.'    lamlin):   In 

Ca„,i.la  aiv  r .unl.-l  in  iIh-  rollowin^'  W\wv  to  Uis  taoiluT. 

,i„t.MlatTlii.M.  HiN.Ts  Ait^.i>f.'(.th.  I(i:m:  ,,     ,      . 

...Vt  last,  it  has  ,.l.as...l  our  LunI  llmt  I  mI  ouUl  statu 
„pna  tliHM,ilof  NW  IVi.nn..  This  is  somHhinK  IoiwI.kI. 
,,,'a  lou^r  hop..l.  W.'  sail.-.l  In.m  Di^ppM  on  ih..  Mh  ol 
April,  eiu'ht  vHssels  in  .•..a.p:my.  aial  amv...l..iKht  weeks 
„fl..,o..r  depart  me.  1  lande.l  on  an  Ule  nill.d  Miseoiis, 
uheiv  two  of  our  Kath.'rs  are  employed  in  miMsierinn  h.  ilia 
IVem^h.  who  have  oae  halMtalion.  atal  in  LeMinmnu- the  |u.rk 

of  eonveisi^.a  amonjr  Ha-  sMvap-s.  Afh-r  >p.-..<l'»M^  ''"'""; 
davs  with  them.  I  iH.anled  am.ther  vessel,  uh. eh  i>ua.«ht 
„,;  to   'I'adoiissar.     This  in  a  pl:..v>  where  tlie  ships    stop 

^vhilst  the  harks  and  smaller  vessels  pro, d  iip  the  pea 

and  lengthy  Uiver  St.  Lawrenee  to  Jiaehee  a  I-'";  M-t 
.^•hi.•h  is  .laily  prouin.'.  1  nrrived  there  on  the  2d  ol  .I.iIn, 
the  Hay  <»f  iIh'  Vis  lation  of  Oar  j^ady.        

.1 f;„m  ,h.  nr'uMi^oMhlii  H''^^^^^      ho  fn.inrt  .n  M.irlli.V  /,.  />  hmf  .M'/'" ••  ''' ""•■  >" 

.  Aropyfrnm.hooruln.lor    n     •  _^^^^,^__^  ^^^.^  „„„  ,„..  .  ,„„„„,„p„..  ...t  ......mj 


:383 


FATHER  ISAAC  JOCl'KX.  A  /. 


"I  luiv.3  enjoyt'd  such  roiitlniK'd  and  ext^'lVnt  lieallh  on 
sea  und  land,  thanks  be  to  (iod,  that  it  is  a  rause  of  asiuu- 
ishiiwnt  to  n>ys.'lf,  as  it  is  not  by  any  means  an  ordinary 
thing  to  make  such  a  lonj,'  journey  without  bein^  im- 
noved  by  either  sea-sickness  of  the  least  indisi.oMUon. 
Tlie  vestments  for  Mass  have  been  ot  the  greatest  use  to  me, 
fori  have  olTeied  up  tlu  Holy  Sacrifice  ev<^ry  day  cUuih^^ 
favorable  weallier.  a  happiness  of  which  1  would  liaye  been 
dei)rived  but  for  the  thoughtful  generosity  of  ouv  fatnily  ; 
this  has  been  a  great  consolation  for  me,  and  a  lavor  which 
our  Fathers  did  not  enjoy  in  preceding  years.  The  sqiiad- 
lon  protited  theieby.  Without  tliis  the  eighty  voyagers 
who  were  on  our  vessel  would  have  been  two  months  witli- 
out  assisting  at  the  Iloly  SacrlHce,  in  place  of  which,  on  ac- 
cou.it  of  the  faculty  which  I  had  to  celebrate,  they  all 
made  their  confessions  and  received  Communion  on  the 
festivals  of  Pente<;()st,  Ascension  Day,  and  Corpus  Christi. 
God.  in  His  gratitude,  will  not  fail  to  bless,  you  and  Ma- 
dame Hondelin,  for  having  contributed  to  this  good  work. 

"And  now,  dear  Mother,  every  year,  wiih  the  grace  of 
God,  you  will  receive  letters  from  me,  and,  in  return,  I 
shall  expect  to  hear  from  you.  It  shall  ever  be  to  me  a  con- 
solation to  hear  from  you  and  from  our  family,  as  1  scarcely 
hope  to  see  vou  again  in  this  world.  But  may  God  merci- 
fully grant  that  we  shall  meet  again  in  the  abode  of  the 
blessed,  to  praise  Him  for  all  eternity  !  .  .  . 

"I  write  this  separated  from  you  by  more  than  a  thousand 
leagues,  and  it  may  happen  t^iat  during  the  present  year  I 
shall  be  sent  on  a  mission  to  a  nation  called^  the  llur(m:^. 
Their  country  is  three  hundred  leagues  distant.  It  is 
said  they  are  well  disposed  to  embrace  the  Faith.  But  it 
matters  not  where  we  are,  provided  tliat  we  are  always  m 
the  hands  of  Providence  and  in  His  holy  grace— this  is  the 
wish  which  from  the  altar  I  shall  every  day  breathe  to 
Heaven  for  you  and  all  our  family." 
A  few  days  after  this,'   the  devoted  Jogues  was  on  his 


1  Ht>  even  refers  to  h«  now  m.s.ion  In  the  postscript:    "  P.  8.  Oe  vien-  do  rc-evolr  rordve  do 
me  disposer  it  partlr  dans  trols  ou  quatre  jours  pour  aller  che*  lea  HuroM. 


iMn^ 


;'5..AJ  -i-V  svrnyfi'Jt^KKSf^pr^ 


^.'i.-  '-kin^w:.-  ^'-i'--* 


FATllEH  ISAAC  JOUIF.S,  S.  J. 


W» 


ellent  lieallli  on 
caustt  oi  iiMUm- 
iis  an  urdinury 

lOUt     Imill^'    Ml)- 

atest  use  lo  me, 
.-ly  day  diuifig 
uiild  liave  been 
of  ouv  fa!iiily  ; 
I  II  I'avor  v.liicli 
■s.     The  sqiiad- 
jij^hty  voyaueiH 
,o  months  with- 
[ii  which,  on  ac- 
•brate,    they   all 
imunion  on   the 
Corpus  Chiisti. 
ijs.  you  and  Ma- 
is good  worlv. 
iih  tlie   grace  of 
ad,  in  return,  I 
r  be  to  me  acon- 
ily,  as  T  scarcely 
mt>y  God  merci- 
he  abode  of   the 

than  a  thousand 
le  present  year  I 
led  tlie  Huron?!, 
i  distant.  It  is 
lie  Faith.  But  it 
ve  are  always  in 
;race— this  is  the 
day  breathe  to 

gnes  was  on  his 


;\vn*  do  rccvolr  Vordie  do 

fOM." 


uav  ui,  the  St.  Lauren<-e  to  the  country  of  the  Hurons.  In 
SI  iHfi...'  written  the  subsequent  year'  to  his  mother,  the  n.is- 
siuuarvfcives  us  a  gli.npse  at  thedeta  =  'sof  the  ><>;'^»'';  l';';"; 
lul  journey;  ami  certainly  it  was  something  h,r  d  lle.ent 
fron.  a  steamboat  e.xcursion  of  our  da>  up  the  lluds..n  ..r 
on  the  St.  Lawrence. 

-  \s  it  is  not  every  vear  that  an  opport.niity  may  present. 
itseU-  to  write  to  you,"  he  begins,  -  I  now  sei/o  an  ..ocasu.n 
t..  an.uit  mvself  of  this  duty  to  so  good  a  mother.     1  am 
sure  vou  will  be  exceedingly  glad  to  learn  the  D.v.ne  good- 
ness  io  me  since  my  arrival  in  the  country  ol  '»-  H;";"- 
1  wrote  to  you  last  year,  in  the  mcmth  of  Augnst,  pi.t  at 
the  moment  that  I  was  about  to  begin  the  journey.     I  lelt 
Three  iiivers  on  the  twenty-iourth  of  Aug.isr,  ^t    Bartholo- 
mew's Day.     I  ^vas  put  in  a  birch-bark  canoe  whuh  would 
,H;t  ..arry  m..re  than  live  or  six  persons      It  is  not  very  easy 
fo  recount  to  you  all  the  anm.yances  of  such  a  voyage    It 
the  love  of  God,  which  called  us  to  these  missu)ns,  and    he 
dc^sire  to  contribute  in  some  way  to  the  conversio.i  o    the 
,,,„,  barbarians,  renders  all  that  so  sweet  that  we  w..uld  nc>^ 
chr.n.^e  these  pains  for  all  the  joys  of  the  world,      lie  food 
t"re  voyagers  was  a  little  Indian  corn,  crusoed  between 
two  slones  a^.l  boiled  in  water,  without  any  other  seasoning 
We  s  ept  on  the  earth  or  on  the  frightful  -*•'-, -I-'';.  J-;;;«l 
the  banks  of  the  great  river,  and  always  in  the  ^'l;--^  f  J'- 
n.onshine      The  posture  which  we  are  obliged  to  take  in 
r     noes  is  extremely  unpleasant.     So  small  and  narrow 
wTs    he  space  that  you  need  not  think  of  stretching  >our 
Ws      You  could  scarcely  stir,  fearing  to  be  upset  into  the 
water.     I  was  obliged  to  keep  a  profound  silence. 

"Other  things  added  to  the  sum  of  our  troubles  and  fa- 
tigues BurinS  the  voyage  we  met  between  sixty  and  eighy 
rMds  or  waterfalls,  which  descend  with  such  impetuosi  y 
Z  b^^approaching  too  near  them,  the  canoes  are  frequent^ 
en'ulphed  It  is  tnie  that,  as  we  were  going  against  the 
suiun,  we  were  not  exposed  to  these  dangers;  but  we  were 

I  It  IS  datet'  June  6th,  108T. 


ir 


FATllKlt  ISAAC  JOGUKS.  S.  J. 


none  the  less  obliged  to  travel  over  rocks,  i>usli  throu;?h  llio 
>v()()ils,  and  take  our  way  over  by-i)atli.s,  ioiided  at  the  same 
time  with  all  tiie  b'iju:ga.'re,  and  even  the  (•an()(\  As  for  me,  I 
not  (mly  carried  my  litde  package,  but  lent  a  hand  to  the 
Indians,  until  ii  l)oy  ten  or  twelve  years  of  age,  who  be- 
longed to  our  party,  fell  sick,  and  1  took  charge  of  bin),  carry- 
ing him  on  my  shoulders  at  the  portages  occasioned  by  tbe 
cataracts  of  which  I  have  spoken. 

"We  i)ushed  along  the  route  with  such  diligence  that 
instead  of  twenty-nine  or  thirty  days,  which  this  journey 
commonly  occupies,  we  reached  the  end  in  nineteen.  Here 
I  found  tive  of  our  Fathers,  som.!  of  whom  have  resided  in 
the  country  for  live  or  six  years.  The  two  last  arrivals  were 
Fathers  (iarnief  and  Chastelain,  who  reached  the  nnssion  a' 
inoiitli  before  me.  And  thus  has  God  preserved  me  to  this 
day  full  of  health  and  strength." 

On  the  nth  of  September,  10'3i3,  Father  Jogues  arrived  at 
the  Huron  village  of  Hionatiria,  surnamed  St.  Joseph. 
This  was  the  point  of  destination.  It  was  the  abode  of  the 
missionaries.  Great  was  the  joy  in  the  cabin  of  the  Fathers 
on  the  arrival  of  the  new  brother  who  came  to  be  a  i)artaker 
in  their  toils  and  hopes.  The  illustrious  Superior,  I-'ather 
John  de  Brobeuf,  received  him  with  open  arms,  as  an  angel 
fronj  Heaven. 

A  few  days  after  hiS  arrival,  Father  Jogues  fell  sick.  A 
pestilential  disorder  broke  out  and  swept  th(;  land  of  the 
Ilurons.  The  cabin  of  the  missionaries  became  a  veritable 
hospital.  At  one  time  tha  priests  were  all  down,  except 
Father  de  Brebeuf  and  two  others.  But  all  finally  recovered, 
and  ru.shed  to  the  care  of  the  sick  and  dying.  At  the  same 
time  every  village  resounded  with  the  orgies,  games,  feasts, 
and  other  rites  in  honor  of  the  Maniton,  Antoerhj,  ordered 
by  the  medicine-men,  in  whom  the  savages  had  unbounded 
confidence,  and  who  attributed  the  scourge  to  the  anger  of 
that  god. 

Amid  this  tumult, the  missionaries  continued  their  task. 
The  catechumens  were  the  first  object  of  their  solicitude.  Is'o 
e.lyrt  was  ."spared  to  prevent  their  dying  unbaptized;  but 


FATIIhUi  ISAAC  JOG Vh:s,  S.  J. 


385 


(Ufsh  through  Iho 
ided  lit  tlje  san»* 
w.  As  lor  \m\  I 
it  a  liaiul  to  tht) 
of  aj^e,  who  be- 
'goof  liiii),  'Jiirry- 
L'casionod  by  tlie 

h  diligence  tluit 
ich  this  jourmw 
nineteen.  Here 
have  resided  in 
last  arrivals  \v(>re 
^d  the  mission  a 
erved  nie  to  this 

ofifues  arrived  at 
led  St.  Joseph. 
the  abode  of  the 
in  of  tlie  Fathers 
to  be  a  i)artaker 
Superior,  Fatliev 
irms,  as  an  angel 

les  fell  sii'k.     A 

the  land  of  the 

came  a  veritabu* 

11   down,   except 

inally  recovered, 

ig.     At  the  same 

!S,  games,  feasts, 

ntoerhj,  ordered 

had  unbounded 

to  the  anger  of 

ined  their  task. 
Ir  solicitude.  Is'o 
unbaptized;  but 


^vhen  the  wretclied  medicine-men  accused  (he  Fathers  of 
be!u"  .he  authors  of  the  disease,  the  Indians  drove  the  latter 
i'roiii  their  witfwams.  . 

Singular  as  it  may  seem,  not  the  least  of  the  d.mcult.cs 
^vhicl^  the  n.an  of  <{od  had  to  encounter,  was  to  i.^i^esei, 
himself  in  his  proper  chara.ter  to  this  ignorant,  sensual,  and 
Huperstitious  race.  Of.ea  he  was  hated  and  persecuted  as 
M  sort  of  superi<.r  m.-dicim^nan  who  had  evil  designs  in 
'visitin.'  the  Indians.  The  presence  of  "the  mysterions 
strangers  garbed  in  black,"  aronsed  fear  and  suspi.-ion. 
They  were   narrowly   watched.     Their  lives  were  m  con- 

""^ThenVre  generallv  held  accountable  for  all  the  misfor- 
•tunes  that  befell  the  village  in  which  they  had  con.e  to  make 
their  abode.  Sickness,  small-pox,  bad  crops,  want  of  suc- 
cess in  war  -all  were  laid  to  the  charge  of  the  priests  .  1  heir 
clock,  beads,  crucilixes,  breviaries,  were  all,  in  turn,  sus- 
pected  of  being  charms  for  the  destruction  of  the  red  ra.-e. 
Whole  tribes  came  to  regard  liaptism  with  liorror,  as  a 
deadly  incantation.  One  of  the  Jesuit  Fathers  luul  a  litt.e 
box  in  which  he  carried  his  str4(mery  ;  and  it  was  seriously 
thought  to  hv.  used  for  the  purpose  of  holding  the  souls  ct 
dead  Indians,  which  lie  bore  away,  and  toimenttd  for  Ins 

amusement!  ,        ,        •     • 

In  short,  the  pagan  Indians  thought  that  the  missionaries 
were  mighty  ma-icians.  masters  of  life  and  death  :  and  they 
came  to  them  forsp.lls-.mietimes  to  destroy  their  enemies, 
ami  sometimes  to  kill  grasshoppers.  It  took  years  oi  in- 
struction and  sublime  example  to  eradicate  this  false  and 
ridiculous  impressi.m  from  the  crude  savage  mind. 

Vftn-  toilin"  three  vears  among  the  Hurons,  the  new 
and  perilous  missicm  of  the  Tobacco  Nation  fell  to  Fatlu  r 
Jo<vues  and  Father  Gamier.  They  were  well  chosen;  and 
ye"  neither  of  them  was  robust  by  nature,  in  body  or  mind, 
thou<rh  Jogues  was  noted  for  personal  activity.  Ihe  to- 
bacco Nation  lav  i.t  the  distance  of  a  two  days'  journey  Irom 
the  Ilunm  towns,  among  the  mountains  at  the  head  ot 
Nottawassaga.     The  two  missionaries  tried  to  lind  a  guide 


( 


FATUICIi  ISAAC  JOG  VKS,  S.J. 


nt  Os!*ossam'' ;  but  iioiih  would  j-o  with  them,  nnil  tboy  set 
Ij.'tli  <m  Iheir  wild  aud  unUuuwu  |.i!f;riiniiK<'  iduuc 

Th»'  luivsts  w«'iv  lull  uf  KUovv;  and  llu-  suit,  noist  ilakcs 
■Wcire  still  fiilliu';  Ihickly.  obscuiiui;  tlif  air.  ijcplastfiiii.ii;  tlin 
gray  truuks.  wcii-hiu;;-  tu  llie  varlli  III"  l)(.u<,'hs  of  spruco  and 
piuH.  aud  liidin.?  every  rootprint  <»r  the  iiarruw  i>ath.  Tlu! 
Fathers  missel  their  way,  and  tailed  <»ii  l-ill  iii.nht,  shakin;^ 
down  at  eve.y  stej'  froMi  the  burdened  branches  a  shower  of 
llivcy  while  (V»  th  "ir  bla"k  cassoek-i.  M^ht  overlook  Iheui 
in  a  spruce  SNvaaip.  Here  then-  made  a  tire  with  f,M"eat  ditli- 
c'llty.  cMl  fh' e.e-ijreMi  b:)u.i(lH,  piled  them  for  a  bed,  and 
lay  down.  The  storm  i»reseully  ceased  ;  and,  "iiraised  bu 
(*od,"  writ;"!  {):u>  of  the  travelers,  "we  passed  a  very  g«H»d^ 

nifrht.'' 

In  the  morning  they  breakfasted  o:i  a  morsel  of  corn  bread, 
and,  resumiiv-,'  their  journey,  fell  in  with  a  small  jiarty  of 
Indians,  whom  Ihey  followed  all  day  without  food.  At 
el^dit  ill  tJie  eveniuij:  they  reached  the  first  Tobacco  town,  a 
miserable  cluster  of  b:irk  cabins,  hidde:i  amonir  forests  and 
lialf  buried  in  snow-drifts,  wli-re  the  sava.i^e  children,  seeinu; 
the  two  black  apparitions,  screamed  that  Famine  and  Pest 

v.ere  comin,!^. 

Their  evil  fa'.'.ie  had  tiono  before  (hem.  They  were  un- 
welcome jL,niests;  nevertheless,  sluverini;  and  fandshed  as 
they  ^vere,  in  the  cohl  and  daikness,  lliey  boldly  pushed 
their  way  into  on:i  of  these  dens  of  1)arb:irism.  It  was  pre- 
cisely like  a  Huron  hoase.  Five  or  six  lires  blazed  on  I  he 
earthen  tloor,  and  around  tliem  were  huddled  twice  that 
number  of  families,  sittinc:,  crouc]nn,s;,  standinc:,  or  flat  on 
the  f,n-(nind  ;  old  and  yoiuvj?,  women  and  men,  <'hildren  and 
doijs,  nungled  pell-mell. 

The  scene  would  have  been  a  stran.jje  one  by  daylicjht ;  it 
was  doubly  so  by  tlu^  flicker  and  glare  of  the  lodge-jires. 
iVowling  brows,  sideloni;  h)oks  of  distrust  and  fear,  tlie 
screams  of  scared  children,  the  scowling  of  s(piaws,  the 
growling  of  wollish  dogs— this  was  tlie  greeting  of  the 
strangers. 

The  chief  man  of  the  household  treated  the  priests  at 


r.VniEH  ISAAC  .10(1  UKS.  S  J 


•JS1 


■ni,  nnd  tboy  set 

;»'  uluiit'. 

iull,  iroist  lliikcM 
ix'phistfiiiiu!:  tllH 
;hs  (*r  spnicf  and 
rrow  iKitli.  Tlic 
II  iiiulit,  slinkiii;^ 
iciu's  II  sliowcf  (»!' 
It  (ivnloolv  tlu'iu 
!  witli  {iwdt  dUli- 
[i  for  II  bt'tl,  tiiul 
iikI.  "liaised  bo 

ssed  a  very  goitd 

• 

'st'l  of  cornbn'.id. 
a  small  ]iarty  of 
itliout  food.  At 
Tobacco  town,  a 
notii;  foivsts  and 
i«  chihb'cn,  spjmiiu; 
I'^unino  and  Pest 

They  wcro  un- 
and  faniislu'd  as 
>y  boldly  pushed 
ism.  It  was  pie- 
•es  blazed  on  the 
ildlcd  twice  that 
indinu,  or  flat  on 
len,  <'hildreu  and 

e  by  dayllcjht ;  it 
)f  tile  lodge-jires. 
ist  and  fear,  tlie 
g  of  squaws,  the 
greet in;^  of   the 

?d  the  priests  at 


first  with  the  decencies  of  Indian  hospitality:  but  when  he 
Haw  them  kneeling  in  the  litter  and  ashes  at  their  devotions, 
his  suppressed  feius  fouiid  vent,  iMid  he  began  a  loud  ha- 
,..,ngue  ad.lressed  half  to  them  and  half  to  the  Imlians. 
'« Now  wiiat  are  these  ofcirs  doing  i  They  are  making  charms 
to^ill'iis,  and  destroy  all  Ihi.t  llu'  pest  has  spared  in  this 
house  1  heard  that  they  were  sorcerers;  and  now,  when  it 
is  loo  hue,  1  believe  it."  It  is  won.h'ri'ul  that  the  Fathers 
♦•scaped  the  tomahawk.  Nowhere  is  the  power  of  courage 
faith,  and  an  unllincliing  purpose,  more  strikingly  displayed 
tlnn  in  the  record  of  thes.-  missions. 

i„  other  Tobacc.  towns  their  reception  was  much  the  same; 
],ut  at  the  largest,  called  by  them  St.  Peter  and  St.   I  aul, 
'  thev  fared  worse.     They  reached  it  on  a  winter  afternoon. 
Every  door  of  its  capa<-ious  bark  houses  was  dosed  against 
them';   and  they  h.-ard  tin.  squaws  within  calling  on  the 
young  men  to  go  ..ut  and  split  their  heads,  whde  children 
;creamed  abuse  at  the  black-robes.     As  night  approached 
thev  left  the  town,  when  a  band  of  young  men  b.lowed 
them,  hatchet  in  hand,  to  J.nt  them  to  death.     Darkness, 
the  fo.esr,   and   the  numntain  favored  tnem;  and  eluding 
their  pursuers,   they  escaped.     Thus  began  the  mission  ot 
the  Tobacco  Nation.' 


CUAPTKIl  IT. 

A  CAI'ilVi:  A>JC»N'(1  Tin:  .'.loilAWK^. 

T/it'  f'roi  I  phtiili'l  ill  Mivhhjan  —  Tlii'  Huron  nii.i.si'oii -^ 
FhIIk r  J(>'fit( s  on  hia  waif  to  (Jitrht'c — /.y  ta/ci/i  on  i/m 
nliirn  roi/nt/r  hif  tli<'  Mo/t<t ir/i-.f—Si/jn  ri iif/ft  (tnd  adrt'n- 
(iif'S  on  III''  irt'ffrom  /fir  Sf.  Ijitirrrn'-i'  to  llir  himt  of 
till'  Moli^iirh'x  —Ltikr  <!ior»ji—llt roUin'j  tortiin h  —  TU'' 
(hftlh  of  t!:)ir)il  —  'rh"  iti-tr/yr-i/ii.s'.s'/oii'ir//'s  life  ninon'j 
till'  sara'jcs — Ilh  csctt^je  and  arrlral  in  Xao  Am- 
sdrdain. 

In  tho  fall  of  1011,  l'\ilh('r  Joguou  and  his  companion, 
X^iIIkt  llayinluiuU,  passed  nortliwniul  alon^'  tlu>  short's  of 
Lak((  llujon.  cntcicd  thn  strall  tliroii;;h  whii'h  IjjiU"  Sii- 
p'M'iordischarsii^s  itself,  ])ush('donasfarasS;uilt  SainfoMarie. 
and  preachi'  I  tlio  I'\uth  to  two  thousand  Alu'orupiin  Indians 
there  assenil)led.  The  chit-fs  invited  tlie  I'atlieis  to  dwell 
amoni;  them,  and  hopes  were  inspired  of  a  [lermatient  nds- 
sion.  ''We  will  enit>race  yon,"  said  liiey,  "as  brothers; 
Wii  will  derive  jjro'it  from  your  words,"  Tims  I'^ither  .lognos 
■was  the  lirst  to  plant  tho  Cross  in  tho  soil  of  Mieliipm.' 

'  Tlr.i-  illil  llic  rc!i,'iii'.H  /imI  of  llic  Fnncli  licar  Itir  Crn<^  to  t!.i>  li;it.l;-'  (if  llic  St.  M.iry  iiiiil  111') 
^nnllm■^' of  l..iUc'  S;i|>i'rii>r  aii.l  ImiIi  >vi>lfully  towariN  tlir  l:((i:u'  <if  l!i;'  Sioux  in  lln' valley  of 
till'  Ml-ils'llipi,  llvi'  yi'ar.x  lii'l'ori"  liii-  Ni'vv  KiiL'lainl  rillot  l;ail  m'.;!rc!'-i'il  tl;r  trilpc  of  IniliaiH 
tbal  ilwili  witliiii  A-%.  milrJ  of  Ilo-to;i  liarlior,— //((/ir/'//. 

Till' "  Ni'W  Kiiu'luiid  i;:iiol,'  ^!lo■,ll,l  not  111'  iiiiiitioiii d  on  tlir  K:in;c  pa^'i"  with  llic  very  liiiri- 
blc.''.  of  llii'  .livinit  iiiW-loiiirii-i  Di.l  lie,  or  any  olli  r  I'rol.i;  m;  iM'iii-icr.  ever  nialic  any  qie^tt 
»arrinofi  for  l!u'  siiiiitiml  lifMcIlt  ot  tlic  IiidiaiH  *  I'i'l  lie  "  1' avi'  failii  r  and  niotlur,  and  lioin'! 
and  wifi',"  to  drvotc  liini-^clf,  liody  and  fonl.  for  tlicir  ^alvalion.  iiiiild  "  |m  ril-i  of  rl\i'r^,  in  prril  i 
o  rolilpi-r-'.  In  pi'ril-i  in  lliiMviidi-ni"'-'  In  lalior^'  ai;d  iiiinfidni"*'.  In  wale  liin::  oflfii.  I;i  Imn;:' r 
anil  tliirii.  in  many  fa.^tln;-',  in  cold  and  In  nakcilnc»»  r"  V>'»''  iv<r  a  I'roli^iant  inini-ii  r  Uno\v:i 
to  cndari'  all  llii^,  o,  rvcn  any  coiiKldcraldi'  porllon  .if  it,  for  llu'  love  of  cliri-t,  iiml  llir  conver- 
sion of  llic  licalticn?  All  tlicMC  privaiioii",  tiowcvcr,  the  ,Ic<uilM  cliccrfnlly  cniimcd,  and  many  of 
tticni  nincli  more  licsidi!< ,  for  many  of  them  ylailly  laid  ilmvn  their  live-  in  tfii'*  cause,  Tlii) 
flr't  mi-slonark'-' amiinLr  llu'  Hiironi— Killicr"  iMniel,  !)•  Ilrc!ie:if  and  I/.illenient— all  fell  fdoi;- 
011!'  niartyrr'  to  tint  devond  zeal.  The  "  New  KiiLdand  KHIol  "  is  not  known  to  liavc  pene- 
Ir.ited  iinicli  fnrlliiT  into  the  Iiiilian  wilderness  than  six  miles  from  llo^Km  liarhnr  ;  and  he  did 
ver'.-  little  anil  sncceeded  very  |ioorly,  even  when  lie  reached  tlds  r.mnzing  distance  from  home  I 
—.lixlithhoj)  S^iahliiij, 

388 


iJ5iii 


hi  ran  iniiNhni  — 
/.■<  takfii  '>ii  till' 
'it  I  IK  (111(1  adi'cii- 
to  Ihf  laud  "/' 
■/  iartui'i  x  —  Th' 
I'lf  ft  I!/r  diiioli'l 
'   in    -cVci'o  Am- 

his  companion, 

IIL?    tllO  Khol't'S   of 

ivliic'h  Ijitii'.'  Sii- 
iiU  Saint(»  Mario, 
u'oiKiilin  Indiana 
•"'ntlHTs  to  dwell 
licrmancnt  niis- 
•,  "as  ln'othors ; 
IS  FafliorJogues 
f  Mic'hlf^an.' 

1;-()f  llic  St.  M.iry  niul  llin 
\\v.-  Sioux  ill  till'  vulli  y  of 
■S'-i'il  till'  irilpc  of  liiiliaiH 

■  p:n;i'  witli  the  very  lium- 
-Icr.  ever  iinlic  iiiiy  i/reat 
i>  r  and  iiiotlu'r,  ami  linm') 
"  |M  ril-'  of  rivers,  in  inrll  i 
ivalcliin:;  ofliMi.  i;i  Iniii;;' r 
I'nili'Miaiit  iniiii-k  r  kiidw:! 
of  Cliti-l,  uihI  till'  cimvor- 
iilly  ciiiiiiri'd,  ami  many  of 
live-  In  Ifii-i  cansr,  Tlia 
I,allcm.'iit-all  fell  frlor!- 
iior  known  to  l:a\c  pciio- 
lii^loii  li'irlidr;  nnil  lii' ill:l 
jzing  ('.Utance  from  lioine  1 

388 


hWTllKR  ISAAC  JOaUE'^.  S  J, 

■Rcvorsps  were  now  Ix'^'imiiii^'  to  overshadow  the  Tfiiron 
lulsHion.  It  was  in  a  Htale  of  d«'stltu(ion.  Tliere  was  ii.'.'d 
of  (Idtliin.!;  for  iIk'  priests,  of  v»'ssels  for  tlie  altars,  of  J>read 
nnd  wine  fi.r  llie  Holy  Saeritice,  of  writing;  materials  in 
Mhort,  of  ev(M\  tiling'.  Father  Jo>jMes,  accompanied  hy  a 
train  of  Indians,  was  sent  down  to  Q-ielHC  for  siippli«'s.  Ir 
wisaniost  dan,uerous  journey,  at  that  liiin-.  for  the  licupiois 
v.ere  rava^in,;;  thf  Huron  territory,  and  ulieir  fierce  war-cry 
resounded  ahui,!^  the  hanks  of  the  St.  I.tiwreiice. 

I''ather.l(»,^nies  arrived  at  guflx'c  in  .sifety.  executed  Ids 
various    commissions,    and   j.r.'pared    to   iciniii    wiili    the 
llurons.     Tliis  was  in  10l:>.     Aft.-r  comnieudinK  llu-nisflves 
to  (Jod,  the  i»arty,  which  consisted   <  f   twelve  canoes,  set 
forth   on  the  ivimn  voya<ie.     llavin^^  reached  the  western 
extremity  of  Lake  St.   Peter,  th<"  frail  ciafls  were  hn^^«rin^' 
the   shore  to  avoi<l  the  stron<;  currents  of  the  rivrr,  when 
suddenly  the  warwhoopof  the  Inupioisran^Mhroufih  theair, 
.ind  a  shower  of  h-.lls  rattled  about  them.     Several  canoes 
of  the  enemy,  Hlled  with  warriors,  ])ushed  out  from  tla-ir 
concealment,  and  Ix.re  d(»wn  upon  the  devoted  .lofA'ues  and 
his    companions.     In  a   moment    the   pa;u'an    llurons   like 
fhameful  cowards  leaped  from  the  <'anoe;  but  the  Jesuit, 
the  three  Frenchmen,  and  a  few  Christian  Indians  with 
him,  "offered  up  a  prayer  to  Christ,  and  faced  the  enemy." 
At  the  first  whistlin;^'  (»f  the  balls,  a  catechumen  threw  him- 
self on  liis  knees,  and   the   fearless  priest  baptized   him. 
About  a  dozen  of    them   foii,t;ht,   but   the    Iroquois  were 
seventy  in  uinnber.     The  missionary  did  not  even  try  to 
escape,    (loupil  was  taken,  flighting  like  a  lion. 

The  next  ))rou,ij;l»t  in  was  a  famous  Christian  chief.  Ahas- 
istari,  who  cried  out;  "IVIy  FatluM-,  did  I  not  swear  to  live 
or  die  with  you!"  Finally,  Couture,  a  youn.u;  Frenchman 
who  had  escaped,  came  back  and  pavo  himself  up,  sayin^% 
"I  cannot  abandon  you,  my  dear  Father."  This  heroism 
won  him  the  honor  o'f  torture.  The  Iroquois  stripped  him 
at  onco,  tore  away  Ids  nails,  crushed  his  finirer.s  Avith  their 
teeth,  and  ran  a  sword  through  his  ri^'!it  han.l;  and  l-'ather 
Jogucs,  wlio  consoled  the  brave  fellow,  was  also  violently 


T 


FAT  It  nil  ISAAC  jnartis,  R  J. 


iitriwU.Ml,  Lratcn  till  li.-  f.-ll  s.'iis..|..ss,  for  tlioy  nisli.  .1  on 
liini  llki' wolvt's.  ii!)«l,  not  «oi!t»'Hi  witli  Mowm,  toit*  out  his 
lijiiN,  imil  giiiiwfd  Ills  liiiufn  to  III.'  vfiy  lioiif. 

'I'lic  Irniuuls  now  »'inl).iiU.'ii  with  tln-ir  pivy;  hut  not  nu- 
til  they  liii'l  knorU.d  on  tin-  In-ati  an  old  llnron.  whoiri 
•lovelies,  with  his  iM:in;;lf(l  handM,  had  \uM  l»a|.ti/.r<l,  and 
\vhi»  ivl'ns»'d  to  l.'av»»  tlu'  pliir.'.  Tlirii.  nnd.-r  a  hniiiinu; 
Hun,  tlit'V  cio'sst'd  to  tln>  spot  on  which  tin-  town  ol"  Soivl' 
now  staiids,  al  tlii'  inoiiih  of  the  Uivrr  Kichflii'ii,  whciu  they 
enramix'd. 

Thi'ir  coiiiso  was  sonthward,  up  iIk' Hiv»T  Ri<-li<'H«'ii  and 
l.ak.'  Chaniplain;  th.-inv,  by  way  of  Lakf  (Jhoip'.  to  tho 
Moliawk  towns.  The  pain  and  ffver  of  their  wonnds,  and 
tln^  flonds  of  inoscpdtocs.  which  tin-y  (■<»iild  not  drlv«' oil',  left 
tho  i)risoin'rs  no  ppace*  by  (hiy  nor  sh-cp  by  ni>,dit. 

0:i  tilt'  «'ii;hth  day,  tht-y  Icanu'd  that  a  Iai>;>'  Iroipiois  war- 
party,  on  tln-ir  way  to  Canada,  were  near  at  hand;  and 
thi-y  soon  approached  their  camp.  (Hi  a  small  Islaiul  near 
tht'  southern  end  of  Lake  Cliamplaln.  The  warriors,  two 
liumhed  in  number,  saluted  the!'.-  victorious  countrymen 
Avith  volleys  from  their  ^uns:  rhen,  armed  with  clul)s  and 
thorny  sticks,  ranjied  Iheii'selves  in  two  lines,  between 
wlucli  tho  captives  wen  '' 'd  to  pass  np  the  side  of 

a  rocky  hill.     On  the  way,  ro  beaten  with  siidi  fury 

thai    .io<,Mies,    who  was   his-:  '"'  line,    fell   i)oweiiess, 

drenched  in  blood  and  hal.  .1,  As  the  chief  luan 
anion.^st  the  French  captives,  he  fared  the  worst.'  His 
liands  were  a;j;ain  manuled,  and  lire  applied  to  his  b(»dy; 
wliile  tlie  Huron  chief,  Ahasistari,  was  subjected  to  tortures 
even  more  atrocious.  When  at  niixht  the  exhausted  suf- 
ferers tried  to  rest,  the  youni,'  warri(»rs  cainc!  to  lacerate  their 
wounils  and  pull  out  their  hair  and  beards. 

In  the  niornin.i;  they  resumed  their  journey.     And  now 
the  lake  narrowed  to  the  semblance  of   a  tranquil   river. 


■  Till'  Unvn  of  Snri't  U  iiliout  1."  niili"  liilow  Mmitrcal,  at  llic  inniilli  n'  llu'  ItlclirliiMl  river.  It 
OCCllpli'x  Itif  Kill'  of  llie  olil  fori  built  1>}'  H'*"  I'niu'li  I"  Hi"''.     I"  '"''  l'"  l"i|ii''''lioii  was  :i,(i;K). 

s  '•  OoM  iilnnp."  lio  nfrrnvardi"  «roli>  "  for  wIkwi'  love  iintl  glory  IL  Is  Bwcct  uiiU  felorloiiM  lo  «uf- 
fur,  can  tfll  wliut  ciaoUlvs  tlioy  pirjiftruti'il  on  mo  then." 


usi 


Mioy  i'iinIh  .1  on 
)\VK,  tort^  UUt  IliH 

•I'V  ;  hiif   not  nil 
<l    IliiKiii,  whom 

Ht    ))llpti/.)Ml,    iiiul 

iiiitl)-!'  )i  Ixitiiiiii;- 
I'  town  of  Sdifl ' 
t'lk'ii,  wln'io  they 

IT  RiclH'licii  iiihT 

»'  (iHOl^t',  to  tlio 
K'il'    \VOIIII<ls,    illl*l 

not  drive  oir,  h'ft 
iii^lit. 

!•;>•  llOijUois  Wilf- 

II'  at  hand  ;  and 
iiiall  island  ncnr 
Ih'  wanioiH,  two 
oils  coiinfrynicn 
I  witli  (■liil)s  and 
)  lint's,  between 
;s  u\)  tlie  side  of 
■n  witli  siirli  fury 
,  I'ejl  powerless, 
tlie  eiii*'!'  man 
the  woist.'  His 
ied  to  his  ))(»dy ; 
ijeeted  to  tortures 
e  exliaiisted  siif- 
o  tolaeerutetlieir 

irney.  An<l  now 
a  tninciuil   river. 

Ii  of  III!'  Uii'lii'lii'ii  rlviT.  It 
ll^'  |Mi|mliiliciii  Hiis  :t,VM. 

»  Bwoi't  uiiU  felorliniM  lO  i*uf- 


yATUKh  ISAACJOISI'KS,  S  J. 

Tl,.ron>  thorn  wn.  a  woo.ly  tnonntnln.  .-love  on  th.ir  riuht  n 
,.o.-ky  piomonloiy.  and  heivveea  these  llowed  u  .str.s.ni,  llu» 

On  those  roeks,  more  than  a  Jiundre.l  years  a  ter,  rose  Hi.- 
,,,„„,:,,,,  or  Tieondero^ra.  Ti...y  land.d.  should.ied  (h.;r 
,,,noesand  hairu^.u'-.   took  th.ir  way  thnaiuli   the   uoods. 

msv'd  tlie  spot  where  the   tir.re    lliwhlat.ders  aiH       he  le^l- 

!,H,,t.  ol-  Kn^hmd  hreasted  in  vain  the  st..rn.  o  h-ad  and 
,•„,.,  .u,d  so.,n  reaehed  the  Hh<.re  where  Al.eirroinl.ie  land-d 
jlixl  1-old  Howe  lell.  , 

Kirst  of  white  iieMi.  I'atlh«r  .lo-i.es  and    his  .-ompan  nns 
uazedon  the  ronianiielak.' that  hears  the  name,  nm  o    Ms 
LnthMliMeoverer,  l.ntof  thed.ill   Hanoverian    Mmu.     Lik- 
M  fMir    Naia<l  ol'  ih.-  uihh-rn.ss.  it  slnmlM-iv.l  I.eiween   the 
Luardian  mountains  that   breathe  In m.  era- and  forest  the 
«p.ni   poetrvof  war.     Hut  all  th.'n  was  solitude;  and   the 
(.lam?  or  trutnpHs,  the  roar  .d"  eannon.  and  thedeadly  eiaek 
„,•  ,iH,  rille  had  never  as  yet  awakened  their  anmy  eelmes. 
\.r.,iu  th.'  rano..s  were  lanneh.'d,   and   the  wild    I'.nlilla 
ulided  on  its  way.     The  Iroquois  lamled  at  or  near  the  lii- 
ture  site  (d-   Fort  William   Henry,  hdt   tlieir  ranoes,   ati.l, 
uith  titeir  prisom-rs,  be-an  their  mareh  for  the  nearest   Mo- 
hawk  town.     I'lu'li  bora  his  share  or  tie-  pl-xidor      Kven 
.lo-ues,  thou-h  hislaeerate,!  hands  were  in  a   In.uhtlul  . -n- 
,lilion  and  his  bn.lyeovered  with  bruises,  wt.s  foreed  t..sta^'- 
ovr  on  with  th.^  rest  under  a  lieavy  load.     He,  wi  h  .us  b-  - 

h,w-prisone:s,  and  i.ul 1  the  whoh- parly,  were  hall-starved, 

Hnl>sistin^  ehieliy  on  wihl  berrh-s.     'ilwy  eirrsed  the  npi.er 
Hnd.son,'and,  in  thirteen  .lays  aft.-r  leavin/r  Hie  ^f-_^;^ 

.v,,,r.     H.MUIlfi  I  I-  II.  -..    ( r>  MM  ^^_^_^^  ^^  ^^  ^_  ^^  ^^,  ^,_.^.|,  ^,,,,^ 

t»>n...'h   »hlcl.    11,0  «;>U.r.H  of   I.:.k.'  lio..r«o  ...v  cusey-'l    1.  I-'-'   t  lmn.|.Uin,     A,, 
I'yclojnUla. 


\i'J2 


r.iTUhl'  ISAAC  JiKUh'y,  S  J. 


Tvnvo,  n»'nn'(l  tin' wrrUlit'tl^unl  of  llM-ir  |.ll^'ilt»iiip'.  ii  |>ii!I" 
N'iil)'<l  town,  NtMiidiii^  on  a  liill  l>y  ili«-  haiiUs  «il'  ti:«>  Uivir 
Muliawk. 

'I'll*'  wlioKps  of  (lit)  victors  anui»imcf<l  llit-ir  approarli.  anil 
thH  H:iva«:«'  IiIvm  wiit  forth  Its  swaniH.  TIihv  tliioiip'il  tin* 
n!il»'  of  III.'  hill,  (111'  old  ntid  thf  yoiitiu',  «'ar|i  with  a  NlitU  or 
ii  nImikI*'!- iron  rod,  hmii^dit  from  the  hiiifhnu'ii  on  thf  Hud- 
son.  Tl^\v  r.iiiX' I  tlii'insclvfs  in  a  doiilih*  liii«',  ifnchiii^ 
i|p\v.ir<l  to  t!jt)  ♦MitiMii' «  of  tliM  town;  and  thioii^di  (his 
"iriifow  load  of  Paradise,"  as  .lo^jiics  calh  it,  th»'  raplivcs 
Were  h'd  in  Hini;!,.  111,.,  Coutiirt'  in  front,  aftrr  him  a  half- 
H<'oiv  (>f  lliiroiis,  then  (ioiipil,  th-n  ih<'  ri'iiiainiii)^'  lliiions, 
n'ld  at  last  .loLjufs.  As  they  passed,  tlu'y  \vv\v  salnlt'd 
wiih  yells,  S('r»'«M'lu's.  and  a  t»'inp«'!  t  of  Mows.  (hi«'.  Iiravicr 
t!i;in  till'  otii  MS.  kniM'kt'd  .lo^iU's'  hi-fath  from  his  lindy.  and 
Htrt'tclicd  him  on  tho  j;roiind,  bnt  it  was  d.-ath  to  lie  tluTc, 
and,  r»';r.iinitiu^  Ids  f»»(»r,  he  stajxp-rcd  <>n  with  iln'  n«sf. 

Wht-n  tln-y  n'acln'd  the  town,  rhc  Mows  ceased,  and  tln-y 
WPiu'all  placfd  on  a  scaH'old,  or  hiu'h  platform,  in  tlif  mid- 
<llt'  <d"  thf  place.  Thf  three  Kreiichmen  had  fai»'d  the 
worst,  and  were  fii^l fully  disli;,n«red.  (Joiipil,  especially, 
was  streandnu;  with  blood,  and  livid  with  hrnises  from  lieatl 

to  foot. 

'I'iiey  were  allowed  a  few  minutes  to  recover  their  breath, 
undisturbed,  t'xcept  by  the  hootinif  and  ^dbes  of  the  mob 
below.  Then  a  cliief  rail  'd  out :  "Come,  let  ns  caress  these 
Frenchmen!"— and  th'»  ciowd,  knife  in  hand.  beiLrati  (o 
inoiinf  the  scalFold.  They  ordered  a  Christian  Alirontpiin 
woman,  a  piisoner  anionir  them,  to  cut  ofT  .lo,i,'ues"  left, 
tlinmb,  which  she  did;  and  a  thumb  of  (}oupil  was  also 
severed,  n  clam-shell  beiuir  used  as  the  instrument,  in  oidt-r 
to  increase  the  pain.  It-  is  needless  to  specify  further  llm 
tortures  to  which  they  were  siibjfcted,  all  desiirned  to  cause 
the  j^reatest  pos.sibic  sufrerin<r  without  endantreiimr  life. 

At  ni,i;ht,  they  were  n-moved  fnm>  the  scafToId,  and 
placed  in  one  of  the  hou.ses.  each  stret<'lied  on  his  back, 
with  his  limbs  extended  and  his  ankles  an<l  wrists  boiind 


■  Joguci>,  Couturr,  and  UoupU. 


FMIIKIl  rsAAt'join'KS.  .V,  /. 


no8 


:rli)iiip>,  ti  ])»]{• 
t  «il'  ih«*  Uiv«>r 

ii|ipi'(>!i('li,  and 

'  till'Ollpvl    tlio 

with  ii  xiifU  ui" 

II  (III  tli*>  Hud- 
lilt*',  ii'iifhiti^ 

tliiMii^di  litis 
t,  tli»>  ('ti|itiv<'s 
r  liiiii  i)  liiilf- 
litiiiii;  lliii'otis, 

writ'    Silllllfd 

.    ( hii'.  Iifiivit'i* 
liis  liddy.  iiiid 

III  to  lit'  llu'li', 
till'  r«'s|. 

iNt'd.  iiiid  tlwy 
rti,  ill  III)'  iiiid- 
liiid  faifil  tilt) 
[til,  rs|M'ci!illy, 
Mes  fi'diii   head 

r  tlii'ir  l»i't>ntli, 

I'S  (if  tllC  Ill(tl) 
IINCafHSS  tlU'MH 

md,    l)«';Lra!i    (o 

iaii  AliToiKiniii 

r  .loLTiM's*    loft 

nil>il  was  also 

iiH'id,  in  ord«'r 

fy  fiirtlit'i"  tlio 

iirrit'd  t(»  cause 

t'lifur  nf<'. 

scafTold,    and 

(»n   his  I  tack, 

wrists  boiuul 


fust  fo  stnKi's  diivj'n  Itifn  tin-  lattlim  llnor.  Tln'  rliililnii 
now  piiiliird  l>y  til)' «-\iiii'|)li's  nf  ili)'ii  iiart'iliw,  mid  t:iMi>)  d 
tli«>iiiv|v4>M  hy  plaritiu  livt>  naU  itiid  nd  Imt  il^lllMttl  ih' 
liakt')|  ImmId's  of  tli<>  |iris<)thi>.  \Uiti,  t  oiiiid  fil^t,  ill  d  ov- 
rrt'd  Willi  Udiiiitis  iiidI  III  iiis)'*.  u  liicli  iiiidI)'  rv.iy  iin>\«'. 
liiellt  a  tortiii*',  wi'd*  stitiD-tiiiii'^  iiiiahl)'  hi  sliakf  iIm-iii  <<n'.' 

TIk' *'a|itiv«'s  wi'i't'  l)'<l  al))iii'  i)i  oIIdt  villauiK,  liiit  in  all 
tlicy  iiD't  tilt*  satiM*  liailiiiioiiH  li«  tiliiMtit.  In  uiit'  nf  llicftu 
tlu' scal1')il)l  was  alrriHly  «HTii|iit')|  liy  IIiikiii  iiiKoihi-,  v,.v. 
rial  (if  wlidiii  Wfi')' rat)-t'|iiiiiiciis.  On  ii'ai'liin;;  iId-iii.  I'iiiIdt 
,l(i){ii)-s  iiia<l)'  instant  in(|iiiti«'s  as  to  ilifir  rt'li^i)iii.  lltf 
licai'd  tin*  n)nr«'M.s|uiis  of  tin'  Chiisiitins,  and  |it«>|iai)'<l  lii(« 
»»tlit'is  f«ir  tin*  SafiaiiH'tit  of  HaptiMM,  Hiil  Im'  vmis  a  |iis. 
(incr  liiiiisi'lf,  amlalasl  <(»iil(l  iidt  |it)i)iir*>  it  di(i|Mif  walrr. 
Al  til'  III  Hu 'III,  li)»w.'V«'i',  II  \v;iiii)ir  passt'd  liy,  ainl  iIim'W 
liiiii  a  stalk  <if  liMliaii  duii.  'I'Ih'  nKuniiiM'  <I''W  'till 
glisti'iH'd  <m  tin'  luiglit  jiD't  ii  l«'iiv«'s.  'I'lic  .l»  -nit  i  si'd 
til)'  |)Kiily  dl•)lps^()  as  to  liaptizt'  two,  and  slmrtly  afh'i. «  liilx 
('i'(is«»iii^  II  sti't'ain,  In*  <'(»iif«'ii)'<l  iIm'  Sat'iaiiD'Hl  on  aiDilln'i". 
Heaven  was  opcnol.  Tin'  Molmw k  mission  had  romninncd, 
A  <'onii<il  <»f  <'liit'fs  was  li)ld,  and  it  was  dfcin'l  thtic 
nil  sh)iiil)l  die;  lail  on  fiiiilur  ( (Hisid^'ratioii  tlif  l-'niich 
ui'iH  rt'scivt'd  as  jiiisotHTs,  ami  Imt  I  hire  of  I  Id-  lliiroiiM 
Wt'iH  st'nti'nced  to  (U-ath.  Anioiig  tla-su  was  I  Id-  iioMe 
(Miristiijii  chief,  Aliasistarl.* 


I  ••  II  «,i-  on  til.'  •.'Illli  nr  S.|,I.MilHr.  nil','."  «  rll.-  l-',itli.  r.l..LMlM-,  "  lliut  llil-  iiiit.'.-l  "f  lmi..rri.c« 
thi«  iiiarur  nf  .1.  -ii-  Clirl-l.  nl  Hi.'  w  "t  llilrlvllvr  >.Mir-  na-  InimoliH.  .1  i.p  lliiii  «Im.  IumI  tti*.  ii 
liU  llfr  r.."r  111.  r..l.ni|,lloii.     Ilr  ha.l  ...mh'.  nil.. I  lil-  li.iirl  iiii.l  III-  -..ill  I"  •."<!,  nii;  l.l-  IimLiImimI 

liN  ,xl.|..n.'..  l.l  111.'  -rvlr..  „f  II...  |M...r  |.Mll„n-."     It-...'  <J.in|.ll  lia.l  1 Ii  ..III.  Ml.  .1  r..rl i • 

rnl  i,r..f.>.l..n.  II.'  all,..l,..l  lilniMlf  I,.  III.  CaiiMnMii  ivs-Ilii-  a-  a  .l»n,  .  Ilial  L  "a  luuii  «ii.. 
Iia-  L'U.n  liliii..ir  I..  111.'  1.II--1..II  "  llli.-'il  "ii>  l"'l"'  "'  '  "'"''-^  r.>«Hi.l.'-  h.'i'  Hi.  -Mil  .  I.,,„t.i.n 
.Vif'if':  |i  I.VJ,'  mill  Marllii'"  I'i.  •''   l^ww  J'Kitits.  ii  KV<. 

Th.'  I.rav.'  ('...iliir.'Nva-  a.l..|.l..ll.v  tl,.' M..hii«k-.  Lm  -H-l  I'-l  Mv..  Ntl'  ntiinrc-  lli.ii.  In  iniO 
Ii.'  I'larrl,'.!  Ann.'  Aviimrt,  nn.l  .-laMi-li,  .1  liliii-.  If  at  I'.iliil  l..'>l-,  ..|.|H..il  •  «Jii.  I...  .  «^.r.'  I... 
Ii.'l.l   1  ,-..».nii.i.iil  |".»lli..ii.     II.' .U.'.l  111  i:.i'.'.  Ill  It"  nt.'."f  CI  >■•"••■'■    lll'-.l...'.i,.lMi,l.M.i,i.ii,.r. 

...1-.     AI1I..I1'.'  111.  -.'  liav..  li.'.ii  M>:r,  Tiiru \r.  lll.l^lloll  of  t^ .'.  uml  Mf-'r.  It..i.r.'.  I .  I..  11.11..^ 

Jliiiitrial, '  .!/./«'  Fiiiaiiil. 

1  AiiK.li..'  111.'  .'(.iiviTti.  mn.l.' I.v  llio  lllii«trl...i.  P"  nr.'lHiir  .iii.l  hl-<nm|iaii!..ii.  of  Hi.'  IMrmi 

inl-l..ii  lli.r.'  I-  lion.'  lliat  -faii.l  f..rlli  ...  i.n.imii.iiily  In  ili.'  r..  .'mI-  -if  Hi.'  Urn.'  a-  A I""  irl. 

N,il.ir,-l,a,l|.laiil.'.lliiliMiili..l  111.' "-.'.l- "f  r.llL'i..ii- faith.  "  |lrf..i"  .v..ii  ''an..'  I,.  (Li.. .  ..iiiilrv. 
1..'  «..iil,l-iiv  t..  111.-  i.il-.|..iiiirl.i..  "«li.ii   I  liav.'  liKiiir.'.!  111.'  tT-'iit.'-l  P-rll-  ami  I.'...'  al-.lin 
I'scaiKd,  1  liuvi'  wld  to  u.)>c'lf :    '  8omi'  powirfi.l  -iilrll  \m  the  Kuurilluti.lii|.  of  inj  .'.uj »  ,' '  uiiU 


1 


Kulh.T  .loKUMH,  fuqiiol..  raiUiiKin.  Iuh»  uu  npi'uHimlty  fo 
liapll/...  .Iviliu  Inr.illlH.  uliil.>  UMiipil  riMMliI  .  l.ll.li.M  to  iimU.. 
tli.<  Hiuil  uf   III.'  .I.MS,      Oil  ..II..  ...T.l.lull  If  IIM.I.'  th"  -iuH  •'!» 

III..  roi..|i.;..l  ..r  a  .1,11.1.  Kiaii.l.m  of  all  liallan  Ih  ssUo-*' 
I.mIu..  th.'V  IIv.mI.  TIm-  Mi|...iMilll.Mi  or  III-  uM  sivaw.'  v^iiH 
nroiiH...!;  *.ai..  I»iifrliii,-ii  l.a.l  uM  liln.  iliui  ili.-lui.uf  tli.i 
n..M  ram  •  Imii  Hi"  'l«'vii,  ati.l  ^^^l|l.l  rail-...  niiMlil..r,  Hm 
lli.Miulir  llMt  (^..i|.;l  was  Ih.wit.liiiu;  lli.'.liil'l;  ami.  ivM.iy. 
lii;<  t..  ri.l  liiaM.'ir  .if  H.>.laii«.'roii:»  u  mi.Ht,  ii|.|.li.'.l  fur  ual 
to  two  ytniiiu:  'H!IV«»H. 

.I.ilX.h's  ait.l  (Joiipil,  ria.l  in  Ih.'ir  ^.iiiiili.l  ^i'l''  "^  »"•' 
|,.iv,l  skins,  w.'in  S.I  Ml  afl.'i-  walklii'4  I"mH|i.i  in  tl..'  h.r- 
..sf  lli:U  a.|j.iiii."l  III.'  t..sMi.  r.Mi>..rm;x  lli.'ins.-lv.'s  witll 
iiiav.T.  ati.l  niiitiiallv  .'xlinitiim  .'a.'li  otli.-r  to  .siiIT.t  I>;i 
fi.'ii'tlv  r.MlIm  sako  ..r  Oliiisf  aii.l  Mis  lluly  Molli.'r.  wla'ii. 
IIS  lli'.'y  XN.'IH  r.'ttiiiiiii;^.  iv.-iliuu  il>'-ii'  n'-ari.'s.  ili.'V  iii.-t 
til.,  (sv.i  y.Mii^  Indians,  un.l  i-a-l  in  Ha'ir  Hnll-n  vhagcs 
UM  iiiinniy  of  ill. 

Th.'  Intlians  jo'n.'l  lln'in.  and  an'onii»ani.'(l  lli-ni  to  tlirt 

,»„tian »l'  lliH  town,  wli.-iv  on.'  ul'  tli-  Iw...  m.i.M.-iiIv  .Iraw- 

iii«a  hat.li.T  I'nmi  h.'ii.'alli  his  l.IanU.'t.  stnirk  it  int"  tli*| 
ti.'ad  or  (TMipil,  wlio  IVll.  niiiniiuiiiiix  ill"  nam.'  of  Clnisl.' 
.lo«n.'s  .iiopiv'd  on  Ills  kn.'"s,  ati.l,  Lowing  liis  h.-ad  in 
piay.T,  await. Ml  th.'  hl.iw.  wh.'ii  thn  niiiKh'ivr  (a<l.'rc<l  him 
t..«.'t  iipandiio  Iiomi.'.  II"  ol)..y.'.l.  lait  not  iiiilil  h"  Ii;mI 
^rjvrta  ali^oliiti.ui  to  his  .sUll  bmithiii;;  I'lit'iul.  ami  pi.'s.'iitly 

_ I  - ,— I -  "^ 

I.,  i,r,i',...r,l  hi-  '.11.  f  fn '■'  <'l>'l''.  "*  ••"•  l-'""''  '-""''•'  "'"'  I'"""'""'  »'"""  '"■ ''"'  '"■'""■  ""* 

...mm;.'.:..',  n.l.Knt      Afi-r  .r1.,W  of  l,U  .In.vrltv. u,.  h.,..l-.l;  ""■!  ."11..'..^:  ■.  •• P"'  '■'-"• 

>.,rl-  .i.*:.i-  Ilk"  Ulii..-lf."  L-l  .H  Mrlv..."  (,.•  ..,..|,,l„v..l,  •■  to  makr  lU.  «lH.lr«orl,l  .n.l.n..-  ll... 

fulthlll  .l.-l.'."      lUnfK^. 

.  H".»<  <M^iI.ll,  or  -th..  unol  HonP."  n.  nil  r,.ll..l  him,  «..-  ..  n«ilv..  af  M-s.  r-.  n-.-l  '^l'"-"'''  " 

„  „hy.l,l,....     11 r.r h-  S,«l...y  of  J.'...^.  >m.  ..,-  ro.n,-  H.-l  ...  \r:iU-  from  «;,..»  -M  h.M.I  h 

,„,  1,1,  r, ,,.rv.  h..  ..iT.-n.l  hlm-..lf  »*  n  ././.f..'  l"  ll,.>  .^i.ni.iiuiitmW.:.....    II.'  Ii.r.-  t-n-l.'..'.!  'itf- 

,ml  ...rvl.-,  .-p.'.lallv  1.^  .h...ar,   nf  .1. k.  ..."I  «>.•  n.l.nlr-.l  by  i.ll  f-.r  hU  f..!...-,  P  .>  v 

"ll,  U...I  .l..v..il..n      II-  «,.-  ,,„.  to  .l,...h  K.  ,...-nl..r  ■^mh,  l.V..-.  Th..  f„ll....  -U-..  I.  --f  hi-  l.r.'  ' '-' 

tt  m„n..-.  rip.  ..f  Fi..l,..r  .I.-tr...  -  ;  .uM  Ihut  Ith.^rl....-  ml-lonnrv  ,Io...  ....t  li..-lt.il..  »  I'lm     •» 

inririvr.  iiol..iilyl.i..l"Mli..|M-..  Imt.il-olorn'hi.ii.l  'li."'r..-'."    ."Vi-'l. 

Th-  hr.^-  .■..n.nr..  »..-  mlo,,.,vl  hv  ih.-  M..tM«k..  hu.  .11.1  not  liu-  h...u  nnv.na    h..,n.    I..  PI!) 
h..m..rrl,.,l    \nr,o  Avn.i.rt,  >u..l  .-labll.h..,!  hlm-lf  ...  I'..l..t   l..•^l^  "PP-I.-  W"-'---.  »'"•'■'  '»• 

o,.-,   Am......'  .I.'-.-  1...V.'  •'-•n  M,.r.  Tur«,  o...  Ard.l.l.l...l.  of  U"'l'i'f.  >""»  >««'•  """'«••'-  "'''"''' "' 

Muiitr'sl.    Mill'  FiTlana. 


FMIIKH  ISAAlJQatKS  s  J 


mo 


J  ri|»|iurtiitilt.v  fo 

lillitiitt  ti>  liiaU«* 

II  m1*'  til"  ol^'ll  till 

llhUilll    111    wliuMH 

iiM  Niviiyi'  wiiH 

I  tin*  oiuti  of    tllll 

■sr  minrliifl'.  tlo 
II III;  iiiul,  ivMHV. 
,  ti|)l'li«'>l  Uiv  uld 

ilid    K!"''  "'   •"'• 

iihii  ill  tilt'  r«»f. 

lliillixrlvfs    with 

|t>t'    to    ^IllTlM'     |lii- 

ly  MotlnT.  wlu'll, 
i-iirii's.  llu-y  iiH't 
ii'   Hitlli'ii  vh;ig('S 

iiitMl  tln'in  to  iho 
»,  MihlMt'iily  (lijiw- 
mick  it  into  tlif 
n:im»'  <»l*  ClniHt.' 
iliy;  Ills  In-ad  in 
(>r«>i'  onli'KMl  liim 
not  lllilil  lie  li:i<l 
mi,  iiml  pivst'iitly 

.11  Mi 

liir  wliiim  III'  Iriil  lufiiro  lin- 
iiiiil  iiill.|iiciJ  II  hii(i|i<ir  iiin- 
iIji'  Hliiili'Hiirld  niilirmr  IIm 

•  af  \n?i  r«.  mill  nlm  if'it  r.n 

II  l.!i\r  froni  wiilifnl  liiiil'h. 

■  •Inn.  Ill'  liiri'  tiii'li'ii'il  flsl- 
I-  iill  for  hU  u'lHiilii.— ',  plilv, 
•flllll'i-lpUl'llllllf  li'.'l'f'''*'!' 
X   not    lll'>llltll'   llM'llll  liliii"it 

i/ii(l. 

i>  iniiu  111111)111:  tiiiin.  In  mm 

■  .opl""'!'''  W"'"''''  "'irrr  Im 
.  ||l<  ili-n  iiilaiil-  iiri'  iiiiiinr- 
,  ttiiUMtfr.  Uuuriirl,  IlMu-!'"' 


pnw  tin-  llft't."*'*  ImkIv  dr«KU»'<1  ttirouKli  tln'  foun  (uniil  lu.ot. 
lli^s  iiini  i.-Jo|(  iiip;t. 

Jox'i«"»  |»ii-iftl  u  nlKlif.  i»f  iiiiKuMi  ami  «l«"*olut lull,  itiul  ii» 
tli»»liioiiiliiK'»«'t  f<.itlilH»i.'Ui«liol'Uoii|iirti.inuiii'*.  •'NVImii* 
niv  yoii  Kt»lii«  •'o  luxt '."   «l.iiiuii»l»'<l  iIm'  oI.I  liiiliini.  Iii-  iiim'*- 

Iff,  "ho  >oil  not  <.»••>  line.,  li.'irf  NoiiMK  lil.Ut"*,  wlio  iiii> 
>Vllt«liill«  lo  kill   \oli;   '    'I'll.'  Ili'loir  |.llr«l   |,..|".l^.ti-il.ll»Hl  lIlM 

olil  iiiiiti  iinkt'il  tiiioili.'i'   liulliui    lo  go  wltli  liiiii  JIM  u  pro- 

t»rtoi'. 
•n, MpM'li!!.!  I).'tii  IIiiii^' into  II   n»'iMlil»oilti,u  invlrii',  lit 

llif  lioiioiii  of  wliitli  mil  ii  loiinit;  ;iii«l  li»'i<',  uilli  lli''  In- 
iliun'Hlii'Ip.  .lo^iii't  roiiiul  it.  Ntiippiil  iiakfiliiiiil  Kiiinvnl  liy 
tloKs.  IJt«  tlriiuu''«l  it  1"»"  '•'•'  ^^I'l'''"'  '"'•'  tovt'ii'd  it  witli 
Htoii.'s.  to  iHiivi-  it  rn.in  rnitli.TimitilMlinti.  n'-olviii^  loiviiiiii 
uloiif  on  tlif  |n||n\\iii)u'(liiy  iiml  Mcivtly  Imhv  it.  I5iil  willi 
ll!»'  iii^lit  tlit'H'  tiiiiifii  storm;  iiii*!  wlu-ii,  in  tin-  yiiiy  ol'  tlio 
Illol'llillU,  .lojillfs  «I('!HI'('||iIimI  to  llir  lililikol'  llii>  mIU'IIIII,  iio 
roiin.l  it  u  rtilllii^,  Cuilml  lloml,  niul  lii--  Inidy  was  iu»\\U.ii» 

to  he  >n'on. 

Ilail  til.'  lii'liaiM  or  tlnMoiifUt  lioiii.'  it  awiiyi  .l«';ii:«s 
wa.l.'.l  into  til.'  <o|.l  ciinvnt;  it  wiiw  tlic  Int  <.l'  l)»tol;»'r;  ho 
!SMiiii.|.'.l  it  with  hin  r.'.'t  aii<l  \\iih  hissiitk;  la-  M»'aiTli»'il  ilio 
rocks.  th<>  thi.k.t.  tht'  f..i('Ht.  I)iil  all  In  vain.  'n..-n, 
nouch.Ml  l>y  III.'  pitih'ss  stif.oii.  In-  niiiiMh'l  •'i'*  t*';'"'-^  «'•'» 
Its  wat.'is,  aii.l.  ill  a  voln'  bn.km  with  au.aiis,  ihaiit.«l  tho 

s.'rvin'  of  tin'  <h'a<l. 

Thf  lialiaiis.  it  jnov.-.l.  ntal  not  tla-  ll<.o.|,  IkmI  rolih.il 
|,i,„  of  ih.'  i.-Miaiiis  of  his  IVi^'iKl.  Kaily  in  ih.-  spiiiiy. 
whi'ii  ih.'siK.wM  w.-rt!  i.K'ltiiiK  in  th.'  woods,  hi'  mis  l(»hl  l.y 
Mohawk  chlhlivn  that  th.'  l)o.ly  was  lyiiij;,  vImit  it  had 
Ih'.mi  flnn-,'.  in  a  loii.'ly  spot  Iow.t  down  th.'  stivani.  i:.^ 
w.'nl  K.s.'.'klt;  found  th.' scatt.-ivd  Ixau's,  stiipp.'d  l.y  th.» 
fox.'s  and  tin*  l)lnl-<;  and,  l.'nd.'riv  ;iatln'iinir  tln-in  up.  hid 
lln-ni  in  a  Indhiw  tr.'.'.  hopin-  that-a  day  nii^'ht  .'ona'  ■.vhcn 
ht'  could  jriv.'  th.'m  a  Cmisi'an  hniial  in  .'onscrraf.'  I  irrcaind. 

Aft.'r  th.' ni.mhTof  <J. .in.il.  l-'ath.-r  .lo;iin's"  lilV  hnii^' l.y 
a  iiair.  H.'  lived  in  In.urly  .'Xpt'ctatioii  ..f  tin-  tomahawk, 
and  would  have  welcomoil  it  us  a  l.oon.     By  si.ixns  ana 


390 


FATHER  ISAAC  JOG  L'ES.  S.J. 


wonls.  ho  was  warnocl  that  his  hi)ur  was  noar;  but,  as  h« 
ii.ncr  shunned  his  I'at.',  it  II.hI  from  hin\,  and  each  day, 
with  renewed  astonishment,  h«,'  found  himself  still  among 


the  liviufi;. 


Now  solitary  amid  the  "Mohawks,  the  man  of  God  devoted 
liis  leisure  moments  to  the  spiritual  comfort  of  tlie  lluion 
ca])tives,  who  were  scattered  through  the  towns.  The  Mo- 
hawk dialecf  differed  so  much  from  the  Huron,  that  he  was 
unable  to  address  himself  o:i  relij^ious  topics  to  the  natives, 
and,  as  lie  daily  expected  deatli,  he  deemed  it  nseh'ss  to  at- 
tempt a  comparison  of  the  two  dialects.  Led  as  a  slave  to 
the  huntiuij; -L^rounds,  he  drew  on  himself  ill  treatm<'ni  '.md 
threats  of  death  by  his  lirmmvss  in  refusin-,'  to  toucli  food 
which  had  been  offered  to  the  demon  of  die  forest.'^  lie 
also  excited  the  ill-will  of  the  lierce  savages  by  his  constant 
prayer  before  a  laide  cross  carved  on  a  tree. 

]iut  he  bore  his  load  of  gfiefs  manfully,  and  found  solace 
in  his  sorrows  by  retlecting  that  he  alone,  in  that  vast  re- 
gion, adored  the  Cr^^ator  of  earth  and  heaven.  Koaming 
through  the  stately  forests  of  the  Mohawk  valley,  ho  wrote 
the  name  of  Jesus  on  the  bark  of  trees,  engraved  crosses, 
and  entered  into  possession  of  these  countries  in  the  name 
of  (Jod  -often  lifting  up  his  voice  in  a  solitary  chant. 
AVhat  a  theme  for  the  pen,  what  a  subject  for  the  pencil— 
this  living  martyr,  half-dad  in  shaggy  furs,  kneeling  on  the 
snow  among  the  icicled  locks,  and  beneath  Ihe  gUnmiy 
pines,  bowing  in  adoration  before  the  glorious  emblem  of  the 
Faith,  in  wliich  was  his  only  hope  and  his  only  consolation! 


'  "  Tlu!  JcKuitH  In  North  Amcrlni."' 

»  Lnto  in  I'ho  niitunin,  a  pnrly  of  Indlnns  sot  forth  on  their  yearly  doer-liiinl.  niid  Jociirs  was  or- 
dcreilto  a"  "itli  llieiii.  Shiveiiii!.'  iind  liiilffamisheil.  lie  fo:lowe<l  lliem  llirou;;!!  lliceliill  No- 
veml)iT  fove-t,  iiiul  shared  lliiir  wilil  liivoiiae  in  the  dephs  of  Ihe  winier  desolation,  Tlie  yanio 
tliey  t.iok  was  devi>ted  to  Are^^koni.  their  trod,  and  ealc^n  in  liis  honor.  Jo<;iies  would  not  lasle  tho 
meat  olTereil  to  a  demon;  and  thus  he  siarvi-d  In  ihe  midst  of  plenly.  Al  nii'ht.  when  llie  keltlu 
was  slnn;;.  and  the  savau'e  crew  made  merry  around  their  lire,  he  eroiiehed  in  a  corner  of  llie  hut, 
pnawed  hy  lr,in','er,  and  pierced  to  the  hone  with  cold.  They  tlionjiht  his  picseiice  iinpropitiouH 
to  tlc'ir  limitln<,'.  and  the  women  especially  haled  him.  His  demeanor  at  once  asKuiwlicl  and  in- 
censed his  ma-^ters.  He  hrouL'ht  them  firewood,  like  a  squaw:  he  did  thi'ir  hiildini:  without  a 
murmur,  and  iiatlenily  horc  rlierr  abusi':  Iml  when  they  mocked  at  his  (iod,  and  lauirlied  at  hiH 
devotions,  their  tluvu  assumed  an  uir  ami  tonu  of  aalhorily,  and  sternly  rehuked  them.— 
rurkman. 


FAT  11  Ell  ISAAC  JOGUKS.  S.  J. 


337 


oar;  but,  ns  h« 
and  «':M'h  day, 
elf  Htill  aniotif? 

of  (rod  devoted 
t  of  tilt'  Union 
wns.  Tilt'  Mo- 
rn, that  lit'  was 
to  the  iiitlves, 
it  useless  to  at- 
^d  as  a  slave  to 
I  treatineiil  uiid 
:  to  touch  food 
he  foivst."^  lie 
by  his  constant 

nd  found  solace 
n  that  vast  re- 
ven.  Kttanung 
/alley,  ho  wrote 
igi'aved  crosses, 
es  in  the  uanie 

solitary  chant, 
'or  the  pencil — 

kneeliuiion  the 
ath  the  gloomy 
is  embletu  of  the 
nly  consolation! 


-Inint.  mid  Jo^iirs  wax  or- 
icin  Itiroui;!!  llic  cliill  No- 
(T  (Ic^'oliitioii,  Tlic  (.'iinio 
li)i;iirs  would  mil  \,\>w  tho 

Ai  nii'tit.  when  \\w  ki'ttlo 
ii'd  ill  II  ((iniiT  of  till'  Imf, 
lli^J  iiii'-^fiici'  iiiiproiiitkiiH 
lit  oncv  ii^Kiiiwlicil  and  ill- 
id  ttu'ir  liiildiiii:  witl.mit  a 
^<  (iod,  mid  1,'iiiL'lK'd  lit  hix 

sternly  Rbiikid  thfiu.— 


As  time  passed,  however,  Father  J(«ups  became  uiore 
familiar  with  the  MtdiawU  lan^jua^f.  lie  could  <t.nverst) 
a  little.  Tilt!  chiefs  hvi^xw  ti)rt!Sit(;ct  him.  and  as  heshtiwetl 
nt>  disposilit)n  to  esj-ape,  he  was  nllt>wiMl  a  lariif  liberty. 
Nt»r  was  he  mIow  in  availiii^^  himself  i.f  this  i>rivile-;'e.  II.3 
visited  t>ther  ttiwns,  ami  when  he  passetl.  (Jotl  passed  with 
him.  He  ministered  t<»  ("hristian  piisimers,  often  prepar- 
iuLi  them  for  eternity  a'uid  the  very  llames.  He  baptized  in- 
fants in  dan^'er  of  death;  ami  when  jiiace  toncln-d  tlit* 
pa,L;an  heart,  he  was  consoled  by  a  c(»nvfrsittn.  Thus  not 
Nvithout  fruit  was  the  captivity  of  the  mart\  rniissionaiy. 

lie  accompanieil  his  Indian  masters  on  several  tradin*;'  ex- 
cursions to  the  l)ut<h  settlement  of  Uensselaerswyck.'  It 
was  while  here  in  Aujiust,  Jr.-IM,  that  .lo^nes  wiote  the  fam- 
ous letter  to  his  Trovincial,  in  \\hich  he  itiounls.  in  ele- 
^'ant  Latin,  the  scenes  and  sulVerings  that  liad  marked  the 
days  of  his  captivity." 

But  scarcely  was  the  ink  dry  <»n  his  letter,  when  the 
Jesuit  h'arned  that  the  Indians  were  plt)tlin,u'  his  tlestnic- 
tion.  Some  of  the  luinciiial  Dutch  inhaltitanls  ijressed  him 
t(»  escape,  and  kindly  olTeretl  him  every  aid  in  their  ]io\ver. 
The  priest,  however,  hesitated,  and  spt  nt  a  n:j;ht  in  inayer 
before  coming  to  any  decision,  lie  concluded  that  it  was  the 
will  of  (tod  tt>  emhract^  the  opportunity  uiven  him. 

IJiit  the  heroic  missionary  passed  llirouuh  many  an  adven- 
ture and  "hair-breadth  escape"  beft)re  rejiaininii'  his  lib- 
erty. On  one  occasion,  while  crossinu-  a  fence,  he  wr.s 
severely  bitten  in  the  lej,'  by  a  tieice  <l(',i:'.  He  was  stowed 
away  for  several  days  in  the  botttmi  of  a  boat  in  the  river, 

'  Now  Allimiy. --Till'  ci'iitrc  of  tlil»  riidi'  little  scttlciiiciit."  miv<  I'liiUiiimi.  "  »»>•  I'ort 
(tniiiL'i',  11  nii-ciMliK' -;riiit'.ir,"  of  lo:.'-i, -tmidini.' on  a -jiol  now  wiiliiii  111'  liiiiiN  of  tin'  lil.v  of 
Alliany.  It  -oiilaini'd  i-rvcral  hour's  and  olliiT  linildin;.^  :  and  lidiiiid  it  vva»  a  small  (l.iiirli.  ri'- 
I'c'iilly  iTi'ilccI,  mid  srrvin;;  a^' thr  aliodi'of  tilt'  piislor.  Iloiiiinii'  Mi  i;aiioliii>is.  known  in  oiir 
day  as  till'  writirof  an  inliTi'sliiiL'.  iIioiil-Ii  ^llOl■|  unoiinl  of  ilii'  Mol;;.«Ks.  Sonic -^ri  or  .'ii  lioin-is, 
nni'-'lily  iMiilt  Willi  boards  iinil  roofid  «illi  tliatili.  urri'  srattiri'd  at  intiTvals  on  or  near  lln! 
lioiilrrsof  till'  Hudson,  aliiivt'  and  lirlow  ilii'  fort,  'llii'lr  inliaMtaiiis.  al  out  Idd  in  niimliiT. 
were  for  till'  most  part  rude  ))iil<  li  faniiiis,  tiiimils  of  Van  liiiiswi  hii  r.  ilu'  |,ilroon.  or  lord  of 
\\\\.'\\\\\\mvr—Tht.h!<int»iiiSorlh.\miiiiii.  Siuh  was  tlniapilr.l  of  tliu  Slatt'of  New  York 
in  lll^i:!. 

'i  Itisdati'd  ".1/  th(- mlonyof  tienfyf'.ncrsirh-h.Ui  .V.  »'  liihiinm.  tin  :>th  '.'/'  Anfin"/.  WW 
TliiK  li'ttcr  tills  from  paw  lit)  to  pap'  K:i  of  lin-ssaiii's  I'thidvn  AOii'jii,  wlarc  a  Fivm.li  trans- 
latiou  is  given.— ,V'(;  Muiiln'e  nt  w  tUitiou. 


308 


F.xriihm  ISAAC  joar/is,  s.  j. 


and  as  the  weatlun-  was  cxct'ssivt'ly  warm,  lio  got  nonvly  snffo- 
catt'd.  Fiiiioiis  at  Ins  fsrapc,  tlu*  .savau«'M  ransacked  the 
.svttlenieiit.  Tlic  olliccrs  of  the  boat  wcr*;  tcrrillt'd,  and 
.Indues,  for  greater  safety,  was  ]ila('ed  in  the  gariet  of  an  ohl 
lidiise  in  Korl  Oi  inge.  He  was  visited  in  this  hiding  iihicij 
by  tlie  fiiinister,  Mega]>olensis.  who,  to  this  honor  be  it  saiti, 
treated  hini  with  extreme  kindness. 

As  the  clamors  of  the  Indians  for  their  ra]>tivo  redoid)led, 
and  each  interview  grew  more  boisterous  than  tlie  hist,  tlici 
])ntcli  friends  of  ihe.b'sint  determined  (tnce  foi' all  to  take  a 
l)old  stand.  "The  Frenidiman  for  win >m  yon  search,"  ex- 
claimed a  i)rave  Hollander,  "is  nnder  my  ]»rot(>«'tion,  and  I 
shall  not  give  hini  up."  He  then  rejisoned  with  the  noisy 
savages,  and  linished  by  saying:  "Here  is  money  for  the 
lansoni  of  your  prisoner,"  liandingthem  tlie  sum  of  three 
liiindred  lines.  This  manly,  generons  action  gave  Father 
.logins  his  freedom.  He  boarded  a  small  vessel,  and  was 
soon  ( arried  down  the  lordly  stream  :  and  thus  for  the  lirst 
lime  a  Catholic  prii'st  ])assed  along- 

"  Wiicic  Hudson's  wnveoVr silvery  snnils 
AViiuls  lliroii.L'h  tlio  liillsi  nfur.  " 


Kailirr  .I(ii:ii..'<;i|itlvit.v  iiniDii','  ilii' Moliuwks  lasted  nfUin  moiitlii',  duriiig  wlikli  time  he 
bnptUcd  ubuul  (jcvtiiti'  iictsous. 


r 


ffotnonrlv  siifTo- 
s  raiisackt'il  the 
e  tiMrilitMl,  nnd 
^  uiirrrt  of  an  <»l(l 
his  liidinn'iilnco 
lionorbc  it  s:ii<l. 

jttivo  rfMloiihled, 
liin  (lie  liist.  tli<* 

lor  all  to  tai«'  a 
yon  scaicli,"  <'X- 
ii'of(>«'tioii,  and  I 
il  with  tlic  noisy 
s  money  for  Ihc 
lie  snm  of  tlircc 

ion  fjavc  Fatiier 
I  vessel .  anil  uas 
thns  for  the  lirst 

til!',  Uuriiii;  »!iich  time  lie 


r 


CIIAPTKR  in. 

ri!K   (xLOltlurs    KM). 

Kcic  Yorl-Citu  fii'i  niibirii's  oud  a  h,ilf  fujo—Tim  Vidh- 
i,/lrs~A  i>'i(>ii-^  Irifihinaii  —  Fidlui'JntincK  /.v  irm-hnl  on 
tin  KiKiJixh  (■'"f-^/  -Liuitls-iii  Fi-aiK'O  on  ('hiixlm<i>t  Daij 
^l>„litrtf<;iiici<hi,h—At  fl'r  VoJh'ijr  of  liri,ins-Th>- 
■nalioii  honors:  hun  cs-  </  s<(inl  (uhI  nio.-f ///•-' /i'rfnr ns  to 
Ca,n(d<t—A'/((in  (tmoji;/  Ihr  Molidirhsirilnrns  to  que- 
ltr-('i»nr.^'  hark  :i.s  an  apo.sfh  —  T/n'  <jrorious  ihalh 
af  Fallin-  Jo'incs. 

Onarrivinii  at  New  Anisterdaiii.'  Fallier  .Tofrues  Avas  re- 
ceived with  niurh  lienor  by  (Jovernor  Kieft,  wiili  wlioni  lie 
remained  for  some  fine.  This  was  in  the  fall  of  m?..  Man- 
hattan Islaml  was  then  a  rude  place,  lontainin^^  about  live 
hundred  inhabitants,  a  motley  crowd  of  many  nationalties. 
The  (Governor  informed  Father  Jogues  that  eij-hteen  lan- 
LM,.,o-es  were  spoken  in  their  midst.  The  govxl  .lesuit  found 
iust*^  two  Catholics-a  youn^u;  Irishman  and  a  Portufiuese 
woman'  The  good,  warm-hearted  son  of  Krin  liad  the 
honor  and  happiness  of  making  his  confession,  and  receiv- 
\xvr  absolution  from  the  martyr-missionary  of  the  fierce  Mo- 


=  Of  thos,.  two.  Fatlwr  MMrt:n.  S.  J    In  hl«    ^2    '!'''[  ^  J,  ,„„,  „„i,„„  ,,K.<  .1.1  fort,  il  i.v,.it 
,ran.l  ,.v..,.  nn.-  f-n.,.  To..;,^  '-';'-^,„J^,  ^^.J^!  "  ,  Ln-  ..,•  la  s!iin„.  VI.t,...  rau.re 

^r;r ;  ::;=":«  'irxr =;.;:::,:  ~.. « -..« — ■■ 

c.'S  .'iilri'fiiiK'H  (l.M  cAK-  <1    li  \  iri-''   '  ■■«'•'■  nnt.'rrt.  (lu-il  lircnait  a  >m 

,,,1,  H....  d..  ,.1,1.  pr..-^ .1-.. ';--';;;;;; "^  : ' ,    ";;;,::.l '.  <"..  «r  l^  ..-o .« .• 

r-'"  ""  '^rf'':';^;;;    "  ;  .  nC  :"'oo..i.Min.aiso  .1...  ..or,N  ....Cli...., W..  F.,naOc 

.I..^-,u.s  „,,i.,-,l  1-  pro..r,.>  .)    '"/"''  ^^,      ,ri,.  ,,o„r  jo,ilr  ,!.•  la  lil-.r,.-  n.liL'ieu«> 

^;'S:j:::S^u:nr;;ra''":iS';rurrx.«i....n'i-uo,..,..  a. . ...  ....... 


4<X) 


FATII/Cli  /.S.l.lS'./Otfl'A'S.  S.  r. 


liawUs.  tho  first  jm^'st  v\lic  »'V»'r  s.t  foof  on  Manhattan 
Islaml.  This  was  the  .irst  (imo  ih«  Siu'iauuMit  of  INiiann) 
uas  adiiiinisU-ml  in  th»'  K'vur  <'oiiiri(iTfial  Mrlropolis  oC 
Aineiica,  wliirli  is  nowili.'  s.-e  of  uCaniinal  Anlibisliolsancl 
conlains  filty  C'allioiic  t'hnirln's, 

'lliKhospUablH  Diilfli  Ciovcrnor  {,'av.!  Faiht'i- .lo^'nos  iinow 
suit  ol  (•l.»t!n's-soiii»'iiiin,i;  h<?  was  painliilly  in  n»'»"»l  (d"— and 
]ir(n'iiiH(l  liitn  a  i>as-ay;('  i:i  thu  lirst  siiip  ImiukI  for  tlio 
sliort's  of  iH'aniiful  Franc*'.  A  storm  (li«.v»!  \hv  vessel  (»n 
the  Kn^lisii  roast,  and  the  martyr  Jesuit  fell  into  the  hand.^j 
of  some  thievish  wreckers  -a  ••lass  of  men  little  renntved  in 
b..rl)arism  from  the  Mdiawks  tliat  ranjred  tiie  forests  of 
>'.nv  York.  He  was  sfripiu'd  of  everyfhinu  in  kis  im,sscs- 
Mon.  KvfH  his  clothes  wen*  not  sjiared.  After  many  hard- 
t;hii.s  however,  ho  found  Ids  way  across  the  Kn;;lish  Chan- 
nel, in  a  collier's  bark,  and  was  land«'d  oil  the  shores  ol 
Bijtiany.  on  Christmas  Day,  1(5i:J. 

In  a  nnh*  sailor's  <'oat,  (Iraif-xinu'  himself  ah)ng  with  pain, 
nidedi\va  >ialT,  tlie  venerable  i»riest  was  no  lonp-r  reco<.cni/.ed. 
Hospitality  was  cordially  (  xtended  to  liin»  in  a  peasant's 
rot;  her<f  ln'  was  invited  to  share  the  simple  iiiorniiiu:  meal, 
bat  the  missionary'^  oidy  tlion.Ljht  was  to  celebrate^  duly  tho 
festival  by  receivin;?  the  Blessed  Em  hari>t.  He  had  the 
nearest  cliarch  pointed  out,  and  then^liad  the  supreme  hap- 
piness of  approacliini?  the  holy  altar.  For  nearly  a  year 
and  a  half  he  had  been  deprived  of  Coninninion. 

The  !i;ood  r>retons  lent  liim  a  liat  and  a  litth;  cloak  to  ap- 
pear more  decently  in  Chnn-h.  They  thon.uht  him  to  bo 
on(M)f  those  unfortunati^  children  of  Catholic  Erin,  whom 
persecution  fr<>qnently  drove  to  the  shor<'S  of  France;  but, 
v.hen  on  his  return  from  Mass,  his  charitable  hosts  saw  tho 
fri:';litful  conditio:!  of  his  hands,  F::tli(>r  .Tognes  was  com- 
pelled to  patisfy  their  i)ious  curiosity,  by  Ti;>destly  relating 
his  history.  TJie  peasants  of  Leon  fell  r.t  Li?  feet,  overcome 
with  pity  and  admiration.  He  hiniself  relates  how  the 
younj?  girls,  moved  by  the  story  of  his  misfortunes,  gave 
him  their  little  alms.  "They  came,"  he  says,  "with  so 
much  generosity  and  modesty  to  ofTer    me  two  or  three 


FATIlKlt  ISAAC  JOOU.W'l  S.  J. 


m 


on   Maiiiiattaii 

It'llt    of  IN'MUlK'tJ 

I  Mt'd'opolis  of 
AiTlibi.sli()]>,aiul 

icr  .I<i^'uos  a  now 
in  nt't'«l  itf— and 
IxMind   for  tiiu 

0  tlio  vessel  on 

1  into  the  liaiid.} 
it  tie  renutved  in 
d  tile  forests  of 
<i  in  kis  iM.sscs- 
U'tef  many  liard- 
i'  Etij^lisji  Chan- 
i    the  slioies   Ol 

alon^  with  ])ain, 
»njr»'rieco<;ni/.t'd. 
I  in  a  peasant's 
i>  niorniiiu:  meal, 
'lel>rate  duly  tlu) 
■r.  lie  had  the 
he  supreme  ha  p- 
)r  nearly  a  year 
luon. 

ittl(!  cloak  to  np- 
ujL^lit  him  to  1)0 
olie.  Erin,  whom 
of  France;  but, 
lo  hosts  saw  tho 
Foirnes  was  com- 
;;>destly  relating 
.]"■.  feet,  ov<?rcomo 
relates  how  tho 
lisfortunes,  gave 
!  says,  "with  so 
ac  two  or  three 


pencp,  which  was  probably  all  tlwir  treasure,  that  I  was 
moved  to  tears." 

13y  the  assistance  ot  these  good  peasants.  Father  Jo^nes 
was  enabled  to  reach  the  city  of  Rennes,  which  contained 
11  college  of  the  Society.  It  was  early  morning,  and  w'  -n 
the  porter  earner  to  the  door  to  answer  the  call,  he  beheld  a 
poor  and  almost  deformed  beggar.  Tiie  stranger  liumbly 
asked  if  he  could  see  tho  Rector.  The  porter  hastily  an 
swered  that  he  was  about  to  say  Nfnss.  and  could  not  be 
seen  at  that  hour.  "But,"  persisted  the  stranger,  "tell 
him  that  a  poor  man  from  Canada  would  gladly  speak  with 
him."  "When  the  porter  whisiK'ied  the  message,  tlie  Father 
Hector  was  putting  on  his  vestments.  At  the  name  '.f 
"Canada,"  which  was  tlien  th(>  great  missionary  held  of 
the  French  Jesuits,  the  Superior  disrolied.  and  proceeded 
to  the  parlor.  The  poor  and  ragged  traveler  handed  liim  ii 
certificate  of  character  from  Governor  Kieft.  Without  even 
glancing  at  it,  the  Hector  hastily  inquired: 
"Are  you  from  Canada f 

"Yes." 

"Do  you  know  Father  Jogucs?"' 

"Very  well." 

"The  Iroquois  have  taken  him,"  continued  the  Hector; 
"is  he  dead?     Have  they  murdered  him  ?" 

"No,"  answered  Jogues,  "he  is  alive,  and  at  liberty,  and 
I  am  he."  And  as  he  uttered  these  words  he  fell  upon  his 
knees,  asking  tho  benediction  of  his  Sui)eri()r.  .  .  . 

That  was  a  day  of  almost  boundless  joy  in  the  College  of 
Henncs.  Nor  was  there  less  rejoicing  among  his  fellow- 
religious  over  all  Franco.  He  was  supposed  to  be  dead,  and 
his  sudden  reappearance  among  them  was  something  extra- 
ordinary. 

At  tho  French  Court  he  was  received  as  a  saint  and  mar- 
tvr.  Q-aeeu  Ann  of  Austria  kissed  his  mutilated  hands. 
Tho  nobility  and  ladies  of  the  Court  vied  in  exhibiting  their 
deep  sentiments  of  respect  and  veneration.  Indeed,  the 
slave  of  tho  M()hawk3  became  the  revered  and  "admired 
of  all  admirers."     The  Pope  granted  him  a  dispensation  to 


FATIIKH  ISAAC  JOa  INS,  if.  J. 


cfh'bmtt}  Ma.Hs  wiili  liis  inutilat«'(l  li:m<ls.  siyiiif? :  "  It  w<ml(l 
U'  unjust  to  ivfux'  a  niairyr  of  ("liiist  the  privilfge  of 
(IriuUiiiK  tlu'  IMooil  of  Chiist."- 

It  was  tlu'  faiut'Mt  th'siie  of  all  that  FathtT  .Io>,nu's  mIiouKI 
reuialii  in  France;  but  he  s'v^hvd  after  the  Anieiicaii  uiIm- 
hIoms,  and  returne(l  to  Caiuula  in  1('>I"».  In  .Inly  of  tiie  fol- 
lowin;::  year  he  was  present  at  the  peace  nepdiations  at 
'I'hree  liivers  between  the  French  and  llurons  on  one  side 
uml  the  Mohawks  on  the  other.  This  event  led  the  apos- 
tolic i);iest,  to  conceive  bright  hopes  of  founding  a  perma- 
nent mission  amonj.,'  the  Iroquois. 

In  May,  1(;4('»,  he  .set  out  witli  a  companion  for  the 
Mohawk  castles,  in  order  to  conlirm  the  peace  already  made. 
He  went  less  as  a  missionary  than  as  an  ambassa<lor.  lie 
even  laid  asid»'  his  relijiious  habit  on  this  occasion,  for  an 
AI^'on(piin  chief  ur<i;ed  it,  saying:  '-There  is  nothing  more 
repidsive  at  fust  than  this  doctrine,  which  seems  to  extermi- 
nate all  that  men  hold  dearest;  and  since  your  long  gown 
preaches  it  as  much  as  your  lips,  you  had  Ix-tter  go  in  u 
short  <'o;it.''  On  this  journey  he  reacdied  the  ]u»rtage  of 
Lake  tieorgc  on  the  eve  of  the  festival  of  Corpus  Christi, 
and  namecl  it  Lar  Saini  l>\uiaiiu'iit,  or  Lake  of  the  Holy 
Sacrament. 

lb"  visited  Fort  Oiange,  and  spent  some  days  with  the 
kind  Dutch  friends  to  whom  he  owed  his  life.  Tuen 
l)asHing  further  up,  he  soon  leached  the  tiist  ^lohawk 
town.  The  French  ernbiissy  was  we'd  received.  After  a 
council  and  much  smoking  of  i)ipes,  the  i)riest,  as  am- 
bassador from  the  Fiench,  began  to  harangue  the  dusky 
assend)ly.  Grunts  of  applau.se  \\v\>X  pace  with  his  periods, 
and  the  usual  ]>resents  were  nuide  with  great  fornudity. 
Having  thus  established  peace  on  what  he  consideied  a  firm 
basis,  Father  Jogues  returned  to  Canada,  with  the  inten- 
tion of  making  all  necessary  pre]»aration.s  for  the  conver- 
sion of  the  fierce  Mohawks.  He  set  out  again  Avith  three  or 
four  Huronsandar7o////<' of  the  iidssion,  named  Lalande,  in 
August,  1040.  The  brave  nnssionary  liad  u  singidar  pre- 
sentiment of  his  fate,  for  previous  to  leaving  Canada  he 


rAWini  ISAAC  joaVKs,  y.>. 


40B 


yinj;:  "It  woiiM 
tim   piivilcj^*'  of 

it-r  Jo^iH'H  slidiild 
le  AiiiHiiciiti  iiii.H- 
I  .luly  of  lln»  l"ul- 
•'■  iieptliatioiiH  ill 
iii'oiis  on  one  sule 
cut  Ifd  I  he  iipos- 
utiding  n  periim- 

iii]iaiii()!i  for  tlio 
lice  already  made. 
aiid)asMa<loi'.  He 
i  occasion,  for  an 
e  is  nolldng  more 
seems  toexternd- 
i  your  loll;;'  p>\vn 
id  better  \x,^)  in  ii 
■d  the  i»orta;;e  of 
f  Corpus  t'hristi, 
Lake  of  the  Holy 

ne  days  with  the 
Ids  life.  Then 
he  first  !Moha\vk 
eceived.  After  ii 
lie  jjiiest,  as  aiii- 
angue  the  dusky 
I  with  Ids  ])eriods, 
1  jiieat  fornialiry. 
>  considered  a  firm 
I,  with  the  inten- 
:is  for  tlie  conver- 
^ain  with  tliree  or 
lanied  Lalande,  in 
d  a  slns'dai'  pre- 
eaving  Canada  he 


WT«»to  to  n  friend:  *' /  sJuill  f/o,  hut  .shall  n»t  rrhnnr-' 
It  was  (.niv  lo(.  tru.'.  On  the  way,  some  ind  .iiis  eiossed 
their  path,  and  warned  them  that  a  ehaiige  oi  feeiiiijr  had 
taken  place  among  the  Mohawks.  The  HiironslhMl  cm  linir- 
ingsiich  news,  hut  Father  Jogiiesand  his  young coni|.iiiii<n, 
I^ihinde,  pressed  mi.  Scarcely,  however,  liad  tlie  two 
riarelleis  rea«'he<l  the  conliiies  of  the  .Mohawk  territory 
when  their  danger  Iteeaine  apparent. 

A  lit  lie  hox.  which  the  .lesuit  had  h'ft  I.eliind  <m  Ids  first 
visit,  was  m.w  returned.  The  savages  eoiisidered  it  the 
seeret  cause  (.f  much  misehief.  The  liad  crops,  the  siekness. 
and  all  the  misfortunes  that  liad  recently  l.efalleii  the  nation, 
were  attrihuted   to.   the   mysteriou.s   f)o.\  1      It  sealed   the 

martyr's  fate. 

A  band  (»f  warriors  seized  tlie  priest  and  his  companion, 
8tri)>pi'd  them,  and  hurried  tliem  to  Hie  rarest  town.  A 
barbarous  crowd  gathered,  howling  liUe  ferocious  beasts.  A 
furious  savage  sprang  «m  Jogues,  and  cut  strips  of  flesh 
from  his  back  and  arms,  exclaiming;  "  I^-t  tis  .see  if  this 
white  flesh  is  tiie  flesh  of  a  manitou  !" 

"I  am  a  man,  like  yourselves,"  replied  tlie  intrepid 
Jesuit;  "but  I  fear  neither  death  n<»r  torture.  AVhy  do 
you  kill  me  J  I  liave  come  to  your  country  to  conlirm 
peace,  to  strengthen  the  land,  ami  to  show  you  the  way 
to  Heaven,  an<l  vou  tieat  me  like  a  dog.'" 

The  star  of  Father  .logues'  earthly  hope  had  set.  He 
looked  but  to  Heaven.  Like  our  dear.  Divine Lonl,  h.>  was 
to  water  the  scene  of  Ins  labors,  captivity,  and  sutfenngs 
with  the  h)st  d.o]n  of  his  blood.  In  the  evening,  smarting 
with  his  wont^ds  and  bruises,  he  was  sitting  in  one  of  the 
lodges,  when  an  Indian  entered  and  asked  hmi  to  a  least. 
To  refuse  would  have  be.>n  an  (.ffen.'e.  He  arose  and  fol- 
lowed the  savage,  who  led  him  to  the  lodge  of  the  -  Bear 
Chief.     The  missionary  bent  his  head  to  enter,  when  an- 

^rrr,  „  ,,,„,,.  ,„„.  ,,lt ......  Kl  j,.l  I-  I.I.-..  .rotr.^  finpl.-yO  .i.u.-  .•...1..  ii.i«.i..n.  iUnt  „„„  re'lllx,:  n,«U 

!,:::::;,;;;;."."  .mm.:,::  t..;  m  co„.,ne  u.  arru..  ..e  ..m  ....o  j.. ....  ao.u.c.ru.«  a.  iou.c.  .c. 

Vcliu'H  (le  .noil  coriw."  • 

a  See  Mortln'u  Ji.  I',  haac  Jogues,  p.  875. 


f 


FATHER  ISAAC  JOGVES,  SV. 


other  Iri'liun,  Htuiuliiig  (•(mccaltMl  whiiiii,  at  tho  hIcIo  of  tbo 
doKiway,  Mtrin'k  him  with  u  hntcliet.  An  Iiociuois,  callt'd 
by  th«>  FiviK  h,  Ln  HtTp-r,  who  st't'iiis  to  have  fdlldutd  in 
Old*'!-  t(t  (IflVnti  liiiii,  bnivrly  lit-M  (uit  iiis  aim  In  ward  off 
tht'  liluw  ;  !)Ut  llu'  liatclift  cut  tlir<tiiK'»  if,  nndHaiiit  into  'Aui 
martyr's  hraiti.  1I«*  f«'ll  at  tlie  tvi't  of  liis  niiiKlfi*-!-,  uho  at 
once  lliiish«'(l  tin-  awful  w(nk  by  hacl<iii^'  oil"  liis  victiiu's 
lit-ad.'  Thi'saintlyand  iniiuoitai  .Ioj,'u»'s  was  im  nior«' I  His 
lii-ad  was  plactMl  iii^ii  on  tlic  ]»alisad«'H,  willi  thr  facj'tiirm'd 
towards  tlie  roud  by  wliicii  lie  laid  conu?  to  the  land  of  tho 
Mohawks.' 


>  i'lirkinnii. 

•  Till'  jdiiiitf  mill  fiilllifiil  Lnliiiiili'  iil""  liruvily  iiii't  iliiitli. 

Till'  liiiliiiii.  I.I'  MiTi'iT.  >iiliiiitiirlly  iiimn  In  Tlirir  H(»it«  Ihd  ynrn  iifliTuanln.  niul  l'«vo 
liliiiMi'lf  II))  III  II  piirly  of  Kn'iK'limiM.  Hi'  wii«  rmivirti'il.  Iiii|ili/.i'il,  lUiil  nirrlcil  In  Kriim  r,  « lurci 
lilo  lii'liiitiiir  U  ri'piirli'il  Id  Iiiivi' Ih'i'Ii  iilifylliu.  Iiiit  wliiTr  lii'  mmim  illnl.  "  I'rrliiiiK  lir  liml 
I'lili'ii  111'  'liiiri'  of  tiiivri'  Ihiiii  llfly  iiii'ii,"  i«  tin-  ri'lli'clliiii  of  Kiillicr  Ituji^niKiin,  uflir  rutDUtitliiU 
lil.<  i'xiiii|iliiry  I'liiiiliirt      hirkiDiin. 

'i'lic  (lulu  uf  I'ulUvr  tli'ijuva'  uluriuUB  Uvuiu  nun  tbv  lt)lU  u(  Uclubcr,  lO-IU. 


L 


thv  side  of  the 
Inxiiiois,  called 
liavc  fdlltiwi'd  in 
anil  In  \\i\v\{  olV 
iiidsank  Into  tint 
iiiirdi'ifi-,  ulid  at 
oil"  Ills  victiiir.s 


IS  tin  ni»»r«' 


His 

I  tlif  far*'  tiinii'd 
tlit>  land  of  thu 


•nrn  uflcrv.inli',  mid  ciiv(» 
il   nirrli'ilio  Kriiiid',  Hhini 

lllrll.       "  I'lrlllllK    III'    llMll 

itti'iiiiiaii,  liftiT  rvcimiitliiK 


I 


FATHER  JOHN  DE  BREBEUF,  S.  J. 


tOyNOEH    0>     THE    HURON    MISSION, 


rATiii:i<  JOHN  im  i;Ki:Bi:rr,  sj.» 

TIIl^  AI'.JSTLK  OF  TIIK  IllliOXS,' 


m- 


:'v 


,\jv! 


I 


CII.VPTKU    I. 
TTITUTY -SIX    I-.VKVTFI  L  YK.\Il«. 

T/i(]  VioiK'i'f  JfHHilH  (/  Xitrth  Aimrim  ~./o/ni  th'  Hrthvuf 

—  llix  hivth  —  UhfnmiUj-Kntt'fH  (hv  t<nrlilif  of  Jvsiis— 
Ilia  hniiiilitif -fiitrs  fa  Ci'iuk/h  '/IiUf/s/ii/t.s  /.'i  nc'U 
OIL  llif  Huron  Mission   -AnitHiij  fhc  nd  mi  n— Ail  alono 

—  I fin  nrti/l  to  Qncbci'—JirluniH  to  Franof. 

Aft»'r  cart-fully  oxamiiiiii^'  llif  livt-s  of  the  t'liily  .Tosiiit 
FatJHMs  in  North  Anicrica,  tin-  liist(»ri<'al  stiidtTit  isi  foircd 
to  th«  conc'liislon  flint  tliny  wen-  u  band  of  almost  iiicoiiipar- 
ni))H  int'ii.  TliH  more  tlionmijlily  tin-  records  contaiiiJiiu  tlit-ir 
history  are  si fti'd  aiul  scruliiii/.t'il,  the  iJiort«  lirrnly  tlo«'s  tbis 
♦conviction  becomn  roth'il  in  tli»>  mind.  TIioiimIi  diir<Tin^'  in 
uhility,  physical  stit>nj;th,  and  luMsoiial  cliaract^'r,  tln'r*'  is, 
howevjM',  oni>  shining  (luallty  p;»ss(>sst'd  in  comnion  by  tln-m 
?\11— thn  most  h)fty  Christian  h<>r(»ism.  M»'n  metre  cajtablo 
wf  attracting  onr  admiration,  and  whose  glorious  looistups 
point  out  the  way  to  Ilt'avcn,  ^^ero  not  producetl,  evtn  in 
the  lirst  ages  of  Christianity. 

The  biography  of  Father  John  de  Brebenf  is  not,  indeed, 


I  Ciili'f  milliorilli'i*  »i«ti):  Fmliir  F.'llx  MiirMti.  S.  .T.,  "Li'  Ti.  Jc»n  ili'  nn'lidif.  ft\  vir.  wg 
tmvniix,M>iiiiiiiri.vr.;-'  ••  R.liiiicMi-  <V-*  ,U-*\\\w»r  Kailiir  »r.».>iunl,  S.  .1..  "  Itclmioii  Atm'm'c, 
trailiiltc  (V  I'UiiU.'n  \m  !<■  I'rrc  Frlix  Mr.rtlii,  dc  li>  ml^mo 'MnipiiKnlo  fiioim  llf  hHiI.iii.  IHT.);' 
AIiIh'  Fi'rlii«i(l.  ••r.Hif  (I'ai-t'iiri-  ilu  (Miiiiilii:"  Fiirkmiin,  "Tlii'  .Ji'^iiir-  In  Xnrlii  Anwnou;'* 
I'.irkimui,  "Tlio  I'ldiivfrn  of  Frniir«  In  the  New  Worlil;"  riirkiniin,  ■' Thf  OIJ  lic,'liiiu  la 
rimiicla;"  Kl|>,  •■  Kiirly  .IchiiIi  MU-Iimik  In  N.  Aimrica:'  Fiilhcr  Miiclioil,  "  ai-'lurv  of  I»c  vcilioiilu 
(liu  ]i\vi,»<itl  Vlrglu  iu  iJortli  Amirkui"  " llUlory  or  Ibe  CbiUoUc  CUurcU  iu  lUu  I  nllta  blattB." 

405 


f 


iOtt 


y.\riWH  J'fiis'  /'A"  nuRiit'VK  ».  J5 


ruiiti'l  III  Uiiil.«r*H  "LIvvHof  lliM  S.iitiiH;"  bill.  jH-ilunH,  vm 
m\nUt  Hiniirli  ill  vain  MiioiikIi  tlml  rxi-fllwia  wuik  ftir  uuy- 

llllll><t<»Hlll|»l|H!llt    ill  HUl'lillll"  llltflVMt.     In  Ill-iJOVSl'linKllKIIM', 

iiuii  fnuii".  ami  HU|M'riiaiiiirl  Kiffn.  Iif  ii-s.-iiiUU-a  St.  ColuiaU 
kill.-;  Ill  Uh   iar»<    iiMM'kii<'H^»,  kiii'liM'WH,  and   git-at  |>nu'llral 
H-iiH..,  Ii«>  was  not,  unlike  Si.  Kraiul.'«  •!»•  SaU-s ;  wliik-  IiIh  lion 
lii-ail  and  inartyr^l'iill  w<ailtl,  in  iniili.liav.'  tloia-  liuiioi  ii» 
St.  Liwivac...   'NVi'««liaU  Kliti>«'"  '"  tla- <ai»'.'r  of  ilii^  IIIih 
fiioiis  |»H..Ht,  will.  Hfamh  lortli  iu  ila-  ivli;iioas  aiiiMh  of  tliu 

iH.'v.'uf<M'tiili  ci'iitiiiy  as  tli.'piin f  Indian  niiMM|..naii»'»— 

till' >jfi'Mat»"<(  of  til"  .\iiM'ri<an  .U-HnitH. 

.IoImi  d."  Hivln'iir  wan  l»orn  on  tli.-  '-Otli  of  Mairli.  I.V.i?.  in 
Coad.' siir  Vivi'.',  D-piifai-nt  of  l.i  Maiala-,  Fraia*'.  Hit 
family  wan  anci»'nr  and  nol»|.>.'  It  li.id  n\\i'U  Nonnandy 
many  a  Inavn  soldl«Manil  iVai-W'ts  kniwlit.  Of  .lolin'H  yoniij? 
y»«ai!<  w«  havM  no  rncord.  At.  tli»'  a«M  of  twfiity  foui-.  Iiow- 
t'wr,  li('»»nt<M«il  tliwnovitiatMof  tlm  Sorinty  of  .I.miis.  Kuu«'n; 
nnd  .sncli  wa«  IiIm  hiiaillity  tint  ln'  ivt|n«'st«'d  to  !«•  admitifd 
us  a  siinplt'  lay  laollitT.  "And  a'.^ain,"  says  tlio  old  /^n- 
thm  of  HJ4'.),  "ht'foif  In'  nridf  his  vows,  la*  rcnt'Wfd  tliM 
ivqm'st.  tliinkin«  liimsi'K  iinvv<»rtliy  <»f  the  pri«'stlio(id,  and 
lit  oidy  for  till' most  infiiiid  ollii't's.  .  .  .  Yet  In- wa- fiipidtlM 
of  tla^  ^ivatfst  things  "  His  siipi-riofs.  at  a  Klanr*',  saw  tlio 
Wi'altli  of  mental,  nrnal,  and  pliysi«'i;il  (xifN  ('mbodio<l  In 
.lolm  dc  HivlxMif,  and  fall  of  submission  to  tlicir  advice,  lie 
l»ui'sned  wltli  markfil  /.oal  and  sncrcss  tlif  usual  courses  of 
.study  and  te:icliiim  in  the  ct»!le',r,.s  of  the  Society,  atid  \v;is 
ordaiiu'd  priest  on  the'jr»th  u[  Man'li,  UV2'\  that  hein-r  his 
thirtieth  birtliday. 

One  of  the  pioii •  Ivnid  of  Jesuits'  ti)  Canada,  Father 

de  Hrt^'beuf  landed  beneath  the  bold  clilTs  of  Quebec  in  the 


'8»  fiimllli' C'lftlt  iHililo  H  nnrlonni'.  t.f  prcmhr  tlo  wo  iinr(>lrM  dnnf  lo  nnm  will  ronnii, 
NIroliH  lie  nii'lx'iir,  fluuro  aiix  rfttc»  do  ir.'I,  ii:irml  I.-"  imlil.'-i  il.'  Ii  vlcuniH'  i|i'  Hiiy.iinx,  Smi nnm 
111.  vlint  till  llcf  lie  HrrlM'iif,  .liii/l  cur  hi  imrnl"!' il"  CiiikIi' ■"irVlvic,  c''lci-il(in  <l<'  ll'iy 'iiim.  mi- 
trcfom  do  rarri>iiilH»cni>'iit  ilc  Siiliil  t,A.  .  ,  Si'«  nriiif"'  "niit  (riir:.'i'tit  itii  liti'itf  cITiirniic  Ik''  r|i'  wihlf. 
iiciiirnt' (I'or  .  .  I,i' ikkIc  (!■  «i' noiii.  <!iiill,iiimi' iIc  Hn'houf.  iM-ilt  ncviMHlii  ml-»limtiiilr',  •nrlH 
lit  »s*  ruiijl"  it  rilluilra.  -  liii'  Miirthi,  S  ./. 

» I(  oiituut.il  of  nlx-Hir.'.'  F.iihiTi  nnd  ihfn  CoidJiUor  BrothUH.  Thtf  Fulhcru  w«rc  Charlw 
Xialcmcnl,  KuvmuiiU  MuDHo,  andJohu  (lu  Drvbvuf. 


jut.  jH-ihiHw,  \v« 
it  wuik  Utf  any- 

l>l«'«lSt.('(»lui:iU 
gi'«'ut  lU'tu'lU'iil 
m;  wliilf  IiIh  liiiii 
'<•  (loiir  lioimr  ri> 

•«>f    (if    lllin    illllM- 
HIS  UIIII.iIh  of   lIU! 

II  inhM|tuiui'l»'j» 

Miiirli,  i:>il.!,  ill 
u",  l-'raiu'*'.  lli^ 
riven  N»tnniiii(ly 
Jf  JoIiii'm  yoiiiif? 
vfiify  four,  liow- 
if  .liMiis,  Umii'ii; 
il  to  l)<>  titlinittfil 

VH   tllM    old    /.'t'fft- 

lit*  n'nt'w»'<l  tliH 
ptifsrliood,  iiiid 
•t  lie  \V!i«  cjiIimIiIh 
11  Klaiu'f,  saw  tliH 
fts  (>m1v«liotl  ill 
llicir  advice.  Iih 
usual  courses  of 
•iociefy,  and  was 
{,  tliat  Iteiii^r  Ills 

Tanada,  Fatb^r 
of  Cjitehec  in  the 


yATTTnP  JOUX  nfC  HNfittNVy.  H  /. 


Iff 


<  (Iniil  !<•  nom  Hdll  Pdnnii, 
■iiniir'  di' Hiiyiiinx,  Sniinom 
I',  c''li'rll(in  ill'  lliv  'iiiix.  nu- 
ll hciMtf  ilTiirniic  lu'  i|i'  wihlf, 
•vi'ii  (III  iiil"»limniilr',  coriH 

Tlu  FuthcM  were  CharlM 


fuimin^T  of  \&iX   Til"  \\lm«'r  of  that  and  tli**  following  yetir 

)i*4  »*ji*>Ut  a^  a^♦l)^tof  !»|)|«!enflc.'<«lllp,  wundeliirf  llHlie  lieluli. 

bor'iiu;  woods  and  inouiiiains  iinuuiK  'lie  sav..«eM.  lie  lolled 
liatd  lo  master  tli-  m.le.  Iiaisli,  iiii«tlfieii  dialect,  and  to 
faiiiiliaii/e  liiuiH.-lf  with  the  baiivirou^  Hfe  and  «'iistoniH  o( 
the  red  man.  Truly  It  was  up  liill  \»v\^.  I'afiKU*'.  insult, 
disgust,  hunger,  thirst,  and  intense  «!o|.l  are  Imt  tjif<;.'  ex- 
pressions w  lien  applied  to  uhai  the  fiilure  ApoNlle  of  th»» 
llui'otis  I'liilured. 

In  the  summer  of  lOiH  Kafher  de  Mielieiif.  arrompanled 
hy  Kalher  de  Noll.',  S,.l.,  and  niie  Kialiciscan  Father,  s.-t, 
out  for  the  country  of  the  Ijutons.  At  liist  lit.'  Indians 
lefusod  to  |e<eive  KalleT  t'.e  IllV'tellf  Into  their  cntioiw,  giv- 
ing as  II  reason  that  his  tall  and  |  only  finiiie  would  overset 
nny  of  the  frail  vessels,  and  if  was  only  i>y  dint   ''f  "'''iiy 

presents  that  their  pretended  feais<()nld  le  leliioved.  IIh 
«Mnl>a-i^"d  Nsifli  his  coinpani<inH.  and,  afier  ni<  nihs  of  loll, 
readied  the  wild  Hceneof  his  lal.ois,  his -uirerings.  and  lib 
death.  Itw.isonthe  «'Xtieine  soiiihern  shoif  of  (teoijiian 
Biv.  Ih  ic  a  Miission  had  heen  tegitn  ahoiit  ten  years  before 
l>y'theaiiost(  lie  Father  ji- Cifou,  a   Franciscan. 

"The  \;oik  of  evangeli/ing  the  piigan  lIuroiiH  progressed 
Hlowly.  The  first  di:il"ulfy  -and  etD.iaoiis  It  was.  ce.tainiy 
was  to  master  the  I.aiba'oiis  IniigUiige  F«  r  this  lalmr, 
necordingto('liami)laiu,  Father  <le  HkImmiI'  had  a  woiuh-r- 
fill  aptitude  In  a  sliorl  time  he  spoke  the  Knron  dialed 
with  tluencv;  hut  it  wasdilTeient  with  Pe  Nou.',  who  fout.d 
it  impossihie,  on  account  of  hiuidvanced  age,  and  for  ..Hut 
reasons,  to  pick  u]>  the  savage  jaigon  of  tlu'  wildeine>s. 
Finding  that  his  luvs-nn.  WduM  he  of  liMle  use.  FaH.er  dn 
None  s..on  .h'parted  for  Quehe,-.  The  l.'ianciMansalso  re- 
ti-ed.  and  Fathc-  de  Ibebeiif  was  h-ft  aloin'. 

Vie  \vas  now  nearly  a  thousand  miles  from  n  fellow-Chris- 
tian, with  m)  one  to' confide  his  tlionghis  to,  no  <m.«  to  wit- 
ness his  sacrifices,  hut  (iod  and  His  Angels.  Mie  heroic 
]>riest,  however,  tolled  on  as  our  pen  umnot  picture.  Tt 
V  as  a  stony  field.  His  hearers  for  a  tin.e  lirleiicd  with  su- 
Mvmo  indilTerence.     "Your  customs  a:o   not  llie  same  as 


•K  I       L     .  II  IIILim 


408 


FATHER  JOIIX  I)E  nilEUKUF,  S.  J. 


ours,"  they  replied  to  the  exhortations  of  tl>e  black-pown. 
"Our  country  is  so  different  from  yours  that  it  is  not  i)ossi- 
ble  tlie  same  Uod  created  both."  liut  the  num  of  (iod  an- 
swered all  objections.  Living  amongst  the  Indians,  he  be- 
came, as  far  as  his  sacred  duties  and  character  would  per- 
mit, one  of  tiu'm.  Tliey  gave  him  the  name  of  J'k'/ton. 
He  became  all  to  all,  that  he  might  gain  all  to  Christ.  Th(3 
good  elVect  of  his  untiring  labors  and  instructions  began  to 
tell  on  the  multitude  of  wild  men,  when  the  miseries  that 
surrounded  the  unhappy  colony  of  Canada  led  to  his  recall 

to  Quebec.  ^ 

He  obeyed.  What  was  now  to  become  of  his  two  years 
toil  among  the  Hurons*  When  the  Indians  heard  that  ho 
was  about  to  depart,  they  crowded  around  their  friend  and 
father.  "O  Echon '."  they  exclaimed  in  passionate  accents, 
*'is  it  thus  you  abandon  us?  During  two  years  you  have 
lived  with  us,  and  learned  our  language,  and  we  have  learned 
to  know  something  of  the  Great  Master  of  life.  Now  you 
know  how  to  speak  like  one  of  us,  but  as  yet  we  do  not 
know  how  to  pray  to  the  Great  Master  and  to  adore  Him  as 
you  do,  and  you'le-vve  us!"  At  this  touching  langiuige  the 
lion-hearted  Jesuit  could  not  restrain  his  tears,  but  he 
waved  an  affectionate  adieu  to  his  dusky  liock,  and  prom- 
ised one  day  to  return. 

Misfortune  now  frowned  on  the  infant  colony.  Eng- 
land obtained  temporary  possession  of  Canada.  ^lade 
prisoners,  Father  de  Breheuf  and  his  religious  colleagues 
wlio  were  stationed  at  Quebec,  were  sent  to  Great  Brit- 
ain, whence,  after  some  time,  they  were  allowed  to  pro- 
ceed to  France. 

Here,  we  are  told,  he  lived  among  his  brethren  with  the 
simplicity  of  a  little  child.  The  thorny  way  of  the  Indian 
missions  had  but  advanced  him  on  the  royal  road  of  the 
Cross.  In  lO'U  he  wrote:  "T  feel  that  T  have  no  talent  for 
anything,  recognizing  in  myself  only  an  inclination  to  obey 
others.  I  believe  that  I  am  only  lit  to  be  a  porter,  to  clean 
out  the  rooms  of  my  brethren,  and  to  serve  in  the  kitchen. 
I  mean  to  conduct  myself  in  the  Society  as  if  I  were  a  beg- 


J. 

tlie  bhu'k-Rown. 
it  it  is  not  i)OHsi- 
man  of  (iod  an- 
Indians,  lie  be- 
iicter  would  per- 
iianie  of  Kchon. 
I  to  Clirist.  Tlio 
uctionH  bejian  to 
the  miseries  tliat 
I  led  to  his  recall 


FATHER  JOHN  DE  nitEliKUF,  S.  J. 


m 


par.  admitted  into  it  by  Rufferance,  and  I  will  receive,  every- 
thin;;  that  is  granted  me  as  a  particular  tavor."  The  person 
whcrwrote  this  was,  without  any  doubt,  one  of  the  most 
gifted  muuof  his  age! 


)f  his  two  years' 
IS  heard  that  ho 

their  friend  and 
issionate  accents, 

years  you  have 
I  we  have  learned 
f  life.  Xow  you 
is  yet  we  do  not 

to  adore  Him  as 
ling  language  tlio 
is  tears,  but  he 
flock,  and  prom- 

it  colony.  Eng- 
Canada.  ^lade 
igious  collengues 
t  to  Great  Brit- 
5  allowed  to  pro- 

brethreu  with  the 
way  of  the  Indian 
loyal  road  of  the 
ave  no  talent  for 
iiclination  to  obey 
a  porter,  to  clean 
e  in  the  kitchen. 
,s  if  I  were  a  beg- 


CHAPTER  IT. 

AMoxi;  Tin;  iiritoNs. 

A  fflimpno-A  vioinnl  and  ichit  came  of  It -The  rmit/iil 
' ioHinvti  to  (he  llnruii  vountr>/-ln(HiU>  H'oiforfiy— 
'The  house  for  the  Jesniln,  and  its  wondrous  furniture. 
—Anecdotes  —  Latiors  of  the  missionaries— The  {/ood 
seed  fattlH'f  on  rocks -The  thoumndand-one  ohsta- 
f.r,,^^//,.rnism  He  lirefnuf's  visit  to  the  sam'je-s  if  the 
Neutral  A'idion. 

In  a  few  yi'Mi's  France  n><r:iinfMl  possession  of  Canada,  and 
tluM-assock  of  the  .lesnit  iniuht  once  more  be  seen  on  f  lie 
rnde  streets  of  Quebec.  Ler  m  take  a  glimpse  at  one  of  the 
six  fearless  sons  of  Ignatius,  as  tliey  sit  in  tlieir  hiimbh' resi- 
dence of  Notre  |)amed,>s  Anges.  at  Quebec,  in  W'S.l  at  the 
evening  meal.  One  was  ccmspicuoiis  among  the  rest  -a  ttiU, 
powerHil  man,  with  features  that  seemed  carv(>d  by  nature 
for  a  soldier,  but  which  the  piety  and  iiK'Htal  habit  of  years 
had  stamped  with  th;!  visible  impress  of  the  j>riesthood.  It 
was  ,Iohn  de  I'irebeul".  The  Apostle  of  the  Uurons  had  again 
blessed  the  soil  of  (^anathi  with  his  j)resencp. 

In  .Inlv,  U'a\,  on}  humlred  and  forty  canoes  were  pulled 
ashore  at  the  wareh.tnses  of  Qn(>bec.  Over  six  hnndn-l 
Huron  warriors  and  chiefs  liad  come  on  their  annual  trading 
expedition.  I'reliminary  arrangements  past,  a  council  was 
held  in  the  fort,  .lesnit  Fathers,  French  officers,  and  dusky 
chiefs  and  warriors  formed  this  singular  assembly.  Its  ob- 
ject was  to  come  to  an  understanding  with  the  savages  in 
relation  to  sending  three  missionaries  among  them.  To 
Fathers  de  Brebeuf,  Daniel,  and  Davost  had  fallen  the 
honors,  dangers,  and  woes  of  the  Huron  mission. 
Governor  Champlain  introduced  the  three  priests  to  the 

410 


FATllKi:  J  Oils  1)K  nilfWh'il',  .s.  / 


41i 


(.^TJte  ercntful 
III  {i<'(>ni'<ii>li!l — 
(h'onx  fiiniitiD'i' 
trhs—T/ir  fjood 
fa II (folic  ofixfn- 
'/','  s(na(j('f<  of  the 

1  of  Cauadii,  and 
I'  b(>  secJi  on  tli<' 
ipsH  at  OIK'  ol"  the 
heir  IniniMc  rcsi- 
•,  in  1  ('.;<;!.  at  tlu^ 
'X  tlic  rosf  —w  tall, 
carvf-d  l>y  natiiro 
tal  liabit  of  years 
ic  j>i'it'stliood.  It 
lliirons  had  again 
(■('. 

nops  were  pnlled 
)vev  six  Inmdrt"! 
eir  annual  trading 
ast,  a  council  was 
iflicers,  and  dusky 
-ssenibly.  Its  ob- 
ith  the  savages  in 
miong  tlienj.  To 
>\  had  fallen  the 
nission. 
ree  priests  to  the 


Indians.  ''These  are  our  Fathers,"  said  the  noM<'  and  ven- 
,.ral.l.'  Founder  of  Canada.  "We  lov.-  th.uiiii«.iv  than  we 
love  ourselves.  The  whole  French  nation  h(m(»rs  thnn.  They 
do  n..t  iro  among  you  for  yotir  furs.  They  have  left  tiu-ir 
friends  and  their  country  to  show  you  the  way  to  lie:iven. 
If  you  love  the  French,  as  you  say  you  love  them,  then  love 
and  honor  these  our  Fathers." 

On  the  eve  <»f  departure,  however,  a  nnsunderstanding 
arnon-j;  the  Indians  prevtuited  th*e  missionaries  fr(»ni  i.rc.ceed- 
in;?  OH  their  journey,  and  another  year  jmssed  away  before 
the  lleet  of  canoes  came  down  the  lordly  St.  Lawrence. 

In  the  s'.immer  of  \iuV\.  the  dusky  traders  landed  (heir 
light  crafts,  this  time  at  Three  Hivcrs,  and  Father  de 
Hn''beur  and  his  two  companions  set  out  with  them  on  their 

return  trip. 

They  re.-koui'd  the  distance  at  nine  hundred  miles;  hut 
distance  was  the  least  repellent  feature  of  this  most  arduous 
journey.     Harefo(.ted,  lest    their  shoes  should    injure   the 
fnil  vessel,  each  piiest  crouched  in  his  canoe,  and  toiled 
u'iiii  unpra<-ticed  han.l  to  propel  it.    Before  him.  week  after 
w  'ek   he  saw  the  sum.'  lank,  unkemi.t  hair,  the  same  tawny 
shoulders,  and  long,   naked   arms,   ceaselessly  plying    the 
inddle      The   canoes   were   sotm  separated,  and    lor    more 
than  a'month  the  priests  rarely  or  never  xwx.     D.'  Ibvbeuf 
spoke  a   little  Huron,  and  could  converse  with  Jus  escort, 
but  Daniel  and  Divost  were  doomed  to  a  silence  unbroken 
save  by  the  occasional  unintelligible  comphiints  and   men- 
aces of  the  Indians,  of  whom  many  were  sick  with  the  epi- 
demic, and  all  were  terrified,  desponding,  and  sullen. 

Their  onlv  food  was  a  pittance  of  Indian  corn  crushed  be- 
tween two  stones  and  mixed  with  water.  The  toil  was  ex- 
treme De  lireb.Mif  counted  thirty-five  ].ortages  where 
their  canoes  wei-e  lifted  from  the  water  and  canied  on  the 
shoulders  of  the  vovager:,  around  the  rapids  or  cataracts. 
More  than  liftv  times  besides  they  were  forced  to  wade  in 
the  raging  current,  pushing  up  their  empty  barks  or  drng- 
gin-  them  with  ropes.  The  Apostle  of  the  Hurons  tried  to 
do  his  part,  but  the  boulders  and  sharp  rocks  wounded  his 


Ill 


412 


FATIIEU  JOHN  DE  Illik'nEfF,  S.  J. 


i:l| 


iiaktMl  foot  and  conjpollod  liiin  to  (le.sist.  lie  u\u\  his  mm. 
puiiions  horo  tlieir  shiir,'  of  the  bii^r^M^'o  neross  the  i)ort:i>re.s, 
Homothiuis  a  dixtunce  of  several  miles.  Four  trips  at  least 
were  retpiired  to  convey  the  wliole.  Th(>  way  was  throiij;h 
the  dense  forest,  encundteied  with  rocks  and  lo^'s,  tan^ded 
with  roots  and  undeitirush,  damp  with  perpetual  shiide, 
and  redolent  of  decaj-d  leaves  an(i  mould»'rin^'  wood.  The 
Indians  tlieniselves  were  often  spent  vvitii  fati^Mie.  Father 
dii  Hreheuf,  with  his  iron  fijune  and  uncompieraMe  reso- 
lution, doubted  if  his  strength  would  sustain  him  to  his 
journ(»y's  end. 

lie  complains  that  he  had  no  moment  to  read  his  brevi- 
ary, except  by  the  nioonliiiht  or  the  tire,  when  stretched 
t)Ut  to  sh'ep  on  a  bare  rock  by  sonie  savajjje  oatarac  t  of 
the  Ottawa,  or  in  a  damp  nook  of  the  adjacent  f<»rest. 
Descendiuijf  French  river,  and  followin<?  the  lonely  shore 
of  the  fi;reat  Georj^ian  IJay,  the  canoe  which  carried  De 
Brebeuf  at  length  neared  its  destination,  thirty  days  after 
leaving  Three  Kivers,  liefore  him,  stretched  in  wild 
slumber,  lav  the  forest  shore  of  the  Huron  Xation.  Did 
liis  sjiirit  sink  as  he.  api>roached  his  dreary  home,  op- 
pressed with  a  dark  foivl  od.ng  of  what  the  future  should 
bring  f  )rth? 

De  Hrebeuf  and  his  Huron  companions  having  landed,  the 
Indians,  throwing  tiie  missionary's  baggage  on  the  ground, 
left  him  to  his  own  n^sources,  and,  without  heeding  his  re- 
monstrances, set  forth  for  tlieir  respective  villages,  some 
twenty  jniles  distant.  Tims  abandoned,  the  priest  knelt, 
not  to  imi)lore  succor  in  his  pi'rjdexity,  but  to  offer  thanks 
to  the  Providence  which  had  shielded  him  thus  far.  Then 
rising,  he  pondered  as  to  what  course  lie  should  take.  lie 
knew  the  spot  well.  It  was  on  the  borders  of  the  small 
inlet  called  Thunder  Bay.  In  the  neighboring  Huron  town 
of  Toancho  he  had  lived  three  years,  preaching  and  bap- 
tizing. He  hid  his  baggage  in  the  woods,  including  the 
vessels  for  the  Holy  Mass,  more  precious  than  all  the  rest, 
and  began  to  search  for  his  new  abode.  Evening  was  near, 
when,  after  following,  bewildered  and  anxious,  a  gloomy 


FAriiKit  JOHN  Di-:  ni{f:r,i:rF,  s.  j. 


413 


1(1  Ills  rnm. 
le  i)ort:i;re.s, 
ips  at  least 
as  thn>iij;li 
►^M,  taii^'l»Hl 
tiial  sliade, 
wood.  The 
le.  Father 
L'raM*'  ivso- 
liiiii  tu  his 

[\  his  brevi- 
n  stretched 
oatarac  t  of 
•ent  iurest. 
imelv  shore 
carried  l>e 
*  days  after 
'd  in  wiUl 
[itlon.  Did 
home,  op- 
tiire  siiould 

landed,  the 
the  <:!;r()und, 
dini^  Ids  re- 
lates, some 
iriest  knelt, 
)ffer  thanks 
i  far.  Then 
[  take.  lie 
f  the  small 
Huron  town 
ig  and  bap- 
cluding  the 
dl  the  rest, 
f?  was  near, 
,  a  gloomy 


forest  path,  lie  issued  upon  a  wild  clearing,  and  saw  liefoi"o 
him  the  Itark  roofs  of  liionatiria. 

A  crowd  ran  (»ut  to  iwct  him.  "Kchou  has  come  again  ! 
Echon  has  come  again  I"  they  cried,  recognizing  in  the  dis- 
tance the  stately  figure  robe<l  in  black  that  advance«l 
from  the  border  of  the  forest.  They  led  him  to  the  town, 
and  the  wh(»le  j)opnlatinn  swarmed  i-bout  him.  After  a 
short  rest,  he  net  out  with  a  number  of  y(»ung  Indians  iti 
quest  of  his  baggage,  returning  with  it  at  one  o'clock  in  the 
morning.  Such  is  a  vivid  and  faithful  jiicture  of  the  illus- 
trious Jesuit's  journey  to  the  Huron  Nation  from  the  gi!H)hio 
pen  of  I'arkman. 

liefore  proceeding  further,  let  us  study  a  little  Indian 
geography.  The  ancient  country  of  the  Ilurons  is  now  com- 
prised in  the  northeastern  and  eastern  portion  of  Simcoe 
County,  Canada  West',  and  is  en»braced  within  the  peninsula 
formed  by  the  Nottawassaga  and  Matchedash  Hays  of  Lake 
Huron,  the  River  Severn,  and  liuke  Simcoe.  This  small 
area  was  (piite  thickly  inhabited  by  a  race  of  traders,  who 
had  many  fortified  towns,  riie  Jesuits  estimated  the  num- 
ber of  tow!is  or  villages  at  thirty-two,  and  the  entirt;  p(Ji)U- 
lation  at  alumt  20,(K»0. 

On  the  west  and  southwest  of  the  Ilurons  proper  lay  the 
kindred  tribe  of  the  Tobacco  Nation,  so  called  from  their 
luxuriant  fields  of  tobacco.  And  south  of  both  of  these, 
from  Lake  St.  Clair  to  Niagara,  was  the  Neutral  Nation, 
which  obtained  its  name  from  the  neutrality  observed  by  its 
people  in  the  long  and  deadly  struggle  between  the  Ilurons 
and  Iroquois.' 

Welcomed  by  one  of  the  richest  and  most  hosjtitable 
Ilurons  of  Ihonatiria,  Father  de  Brebeuf  made  his  abode 
Avith  him.  As  days  passed,  he  anxiously  awaited  the  arrivid 
of  his  two  fellow-priests  and  their  French  companions.  One 
by  one  they  made    their    appearance.      But    they  coidd 


'  Now  the  Province  of  Ontario. 

'  It  U  not  very  woii  known  how  thin fl.-'icc  fend  first  orlclnnted  botwcpn  thosp  kindrcii  nntion".  It 
wns  L'lilni;  on  when  the  French  nrrived  in  Caniidii.  nnd  niitiirally  they  took  the  side  of  their  neigh- 
bors,  the  Ilurons.    Uence  the  hostility  of  the  Iroiiuoia  to  the  French. 


r 


^11 


if  '       ! 


f 


4U 


FATIIKH  JOHN  DE  ItRPMhHF,  S.  J. 


scarcely  ho  m-ojiiiizcd.     Hall' dciul  with  lnmjiHrnnd  faliKU(% 
tht>y  msciiil)l»'(l  li\  illy:  skelHloiis  iiioi*'  than  men. 

A  house  lor  I liH  l)lack-n>l)es  alter  the  Huron  model  was 
MK.n  Hivctfd.  As  hundreds  ol' Indians  joined  in  t la-  work, 
tile  bark  mansiiui  rose  in  a  few  days-u  coini>lete  .'dilice.  It 
was  dividir.l  into  tliree  parts— store  house,  dwelling  house 
and  chapel.  This  hoiis*' and  its  furniture  soon  became  tlw 
wonder  of  the  whole  Hunui  country.  Visitors  were  in 
abundanc.'.  It  was  the  cluck,  above  all,  that  puz/led  and 
plea.sed  them. 

'I"h.^  quests  would  sit  in  expectant  silem-e  by  the  hmir, 
Nquattt'd  on  the  «iTouiul.  wailiii.i;'  to  hear  it  strike.  Tlwy 
thought  it  was  alive,  and  asked  what  it  ute.  As  the  last 
stroke  Houndt'd  one  of  the  Freiiclimen  would  cry  **Stop!"' 
and  to  the  admiration  of  Uie  company  the  obedient  clock 
was  silent. 

The  mill  was  another  wondtu",  and  they  were  never  tired 
of  turniii<;  it.  Besides  these,  there  was  u  prism  and  a  mag- 
net ;  also  a  nm.unii'yiny;  jilass,  wheiviu  a  ilea  was  trans- 
f(H'nie(l  into  a  fri.irht'ful  monster,  and  a  multiplyiuK  •»'"«i 
which  showed  th^m  the  same  object  eleven  times«Jepcated. 

*' All  this,"  writes  Father  De  Hrebcuf,  ''serves  t<»  >;ain 
their  alTection.  and  make  them  more  (h)cile  in  respect  to  the 
admirable  and  incomprehensible  mysteries  of  our  Faith; 
lor  the  ((pinion  they  have  (»f  our  pMiius  and  capacity  mukes 
(hem  believe  whatever  we  tell  then)." 

'•What  does  the  Captain  say  i"  was  the  frequent  ques- 
tion, for  by  this  title  of  honor  they  designated  the  clock. 
'•  When  he  strikes  twelve  times,  he  says,  '  Han<!;  on  the  ket- 
tle,' and  when  he  strikes  four  times,  he  says,  'Get  np  and 
J.O  home.'  "  Botli  interpretations  were  well  remembered. 
At  noon  visitors  were  never  wantiri^-  to  share  the  Fathers' 
sa^amite.  but  at  the  stroke  of  f(mr  all  rose  and  departed, 
leavinu;  the  missionaries  for  a  time  in  ])eace. 

Fatiier  de  Brebeuf,  as  Superior  of  the  mission,  and  his 
two  <'ollca<xues  now  bejjan  their  labors.  To  warriors  and 
women,  children  and  chiefs,  the  Gospel  was  now  announced. 
The  work  of  conversion  was  long  and  most  difficult.     In 


ill! 


11. 

11  model  wiis 
in  tilt'  work, 
'tc  t'diUcr.  It 
welling'  lioiisc 
II  bccatlH'  tilt' 
itois  wciv  in 
t  piiz/.lctl  and 

by  the  hour, 
(Strike.  They 
As  the  Inst 
cry  '-Stop!" 
bedient  elock 

re  never  tired 
ni  and  a  nia^- 
ea  was  trans- 
tlplyiiiji;  h'ns, 
les^-epeatt'd. 
serves  to  j;ain 
n'spect  i<»  the 
oi'  oui-  b'aith  ; 
ipacity  niukes 

frequent  ques- 
ed  the  clock- 
ing on  the  ket- 
t,  'Get  M\)  and 
1  remembered. 
^  tlie  Fathers' 
and  departed, 

ission,  and  his 
)  warriors  and 
low' announced, 
t  difficult.     In 


FAXllEH  JOIIX  DH  mUWKVr,  S.  J  » 


41fi 


fact,  diirinj,'  the  first  few  years  tio  adults  wen^  baptized  save 
those  at  the  point  of  death.  Tin  experienced  |)e  Mrebeul", 
knew  luilian  nature  w»'li,  antl  he  greatly  feared  bacUslidiii;;'. 
Hence  his  caiititut.  In  his  eyes  oim  ^ood  Christian  wji.s  bet- 
ter than  a  multitude  <»f  bad  ones.  Hesides,  all  the  Intlian 
vices  anil  the  Huron  nation  was  corrupt  to  the  core  had 
to  be  eradicated  before  ( 'at holiciiy  could  be  planted.  The 
herculean  toil  of  battling  against  de|)ravity,  and  of  seeing 
tliat  neither  young  nor  old  died  without  aid,  such  was  the 
unceasing  task  of  the  .lesuits. 

In  the  summer  of  1(5;C>  there  was  a  severe  drought,  v.hich 
<lefie(l  liiilian  magic,  and  ruined  the  reputation  of  many  ii 
metlicine  man.  One  of  the  most  renowned  of  these  jugglei-s, 
seeing  his  reputation  tottering  umler  his  repeated  failure's, 
l)erhought  himself  of  accusing  the  , lesuits,  and  ^ave  out 
that  the  I'ed  color  of  the  ckk-s  which  stoocl  before  their 
liouse  scared  the  bird  of  thunder,  and  caused  him  t<»  fly  jui- 
other  way.'  On  this  a  clamor  arose.  The  popular  ire 
turned  against  the  priests,  and  the  obnoxious  cioss  was  <  on- 
deniiied  to  be  hewn  tlown.  Aghast  at  the  threatened  sac- 
rilt^ge,  they  attenq)ted  to  reason  away  the  storni,  assutiiig 
the  crowd  that  the  lightning  was  not  a  biid,  but  certain  hot 
and  liery  exhalations,  which  being  itn])risoned,  darted 
this  way  and  that,  trying  t(»  escape.  As  this  i)hllosophy 
failed  to  convince  their  lieaieis,  the  missionaries  »hanged 
their  line  of  defence. 

"You  say,"  obsei-ved  the  Fathers,  "  tliat  the  red  color  (»f  the 
cross  frightens  the  bird  of  thunder.  Then  ])aint  the  cros.s 
wliite,  and  see  if  the  thunder  will  ccime."  This  was  done, 
but  the  clouds  still  kept  aloof.  «•» *-* 

"  Your  spirits  cannot  help  yon,"  said  Fatl  er  de  Brebeuf, 
*'and  your  sorcerers  have  deceived  yon  with  lies;.  Now  ask 
tlie  aid  of  Him  who  made  the  woild,  and  peihaps  He   will 

'  The  fiillowlnirU  lliiM'xplanallidinii  liiillaiii,MVi' FiiiluT  De  Hri'l)i'iif  of  what  tlmndiT  \va«  :  '■  It 
I.s  a  man  in  llic  form  of  a  turkey-cock.  The  i-ky  l-*  hiH  palace,  and  he  leinaiiiK  in  it  when  (lie  air 
in  clear.  Wlien  Ihe  cIoikIk  ix'^lr.  to  (jrnnihie  he  lle^e('nll<  to  tlie  earlli  to  jtather  up  ntiakeB  and 
other  olijeotn,  which  the  Iiidiann  rail  m<iiiil(iiiK.  The  lluhlnini:  lla^lii»  whi'iiever  he  open-  or  elot-es 
hlx  wiiiL't".  If  ilie  htorin  Ic  nice  violent  than  iiMial,  It  is^  liccau?e  his  joiiiii;  are  with  li'i  i,  and 
aiding  in  the  iioixe  ns  well  an  they  ciiii." 


4i(j  F.\T!n:n  joiiy  DR  nnflPEVF,  R  J, 

Usf.'ti  to  your  pmyors  ."  And  li^  odd.-.l  that  if  i]w  Tndlani 
would  rt.|M)uncH  th.'lr  sins,  and  ol..-y  tl..-  tni.'  (u.d.  tli.  y 
would  uimU."  !i  pror.'ssion  daily  to  inii.L.iv  His  lavoi-  t.-wuids 
tii-.tn  TImmv  was  n(.  want  of  l.|•on.i^^.•s.  The  iTocrHsions 
WHO  b.'<'un,  as  wHv  also  niiif  Masses  to  St.  .h.s.-pli,  and  a;. 
liKivy  nUnscKrum-d  soon  after,  tUe  Indians  eonceivrd  a  IiikIi 
idea  of  the  em.'ucy  of  th.'  French  ''  niedicini.'" 

If  in  torn  iu(.re  Jrsuits  ranie  to  the  assistance  <.f  tlie 
diuntl»'ss  I),'  Uivl'.Mif,  his  dillieulties  on  that  account  did 
not  diuiinish.  F..r  s.nend  years  the  prstllenc.'  had  s<'ourf,'ed 
the  llui'ons,  hut  now  it  arrived  in  its  most  terrd.le  forni- 
the  snidl-pox.  Mo-irniiiL,'  (.vershado'v.'d  the  land.  !><• 
Bivh-ufand  his  brave  band  b<>came,  if  possible,  more  thf.n 
h.Toes  Amid  the  wails  of  tlu^  livin-:  and  the  ^M•oans  of  th<» 
dviir'  tii-y  passed  around,  like  K«»'>d  angels,  from  cabin  to 
rabin' aiding'  and  comf.rtin-  as  thry  w.nit  alon-  Often 
the  only  return  for  their  cliarity  were  jeers  and  curses. 

'•When  we  see  them,"  writes  Parkman,  "in  the  {gloomy 
r,.hr'iaiy  of  lO:}?,  and  the  f,'loomier  months  that  followed, 
toiling  on  foot  from  one  infected  town  to  another,  wading 
t'lrou'di  the  sodden  snow,  nnder  the  bare  and  dripi-ing  for- 
est drenched  with  incessant  rains,  till  they  descried  at 
l.'iprth  through  the  storm  the  clustering  dwellings  of  some 
b  irbarous  hamlet,  when  we  see  them  entering  one  after  an- 
other these  wretched  abodes  of  misery  and  darkness,  and 
all  for  one  sole  end,  the  baptism  of  the  sick  and  dying,  .  .  . 
ve  must  needs  admire  the  self-sacrificing  zeal  with  which  it 

was  pursued."  . 

In  those  wihl  scenes  of  misery,  no  pen  can  picture  tlio 
heroic  toils,  the  calmness,  thegrand«'urof  soul  exhibited  by 
Father  d(!  Hreb.'iif.  IIow  the  human  frame  could  endure  it 
is  something  which  tills  the  mind  witli  astonishment.  Nor 
had  he  to' battle  against  disease  and  Indian  widiedness 
only.  The  powers  of  darkness  assailed  the  great  priest  in 
every  way  possir)le.  Demons  in  troops  appeared  before 
him,  sometimes  in  the  guise  of  men,  sometimes  as  bears, 


'  I'urkmun. 


r.\riih:n  jons  dk  tmfHiKvi'.  s.  /. 


m 


'  tho  Tndlanrt 
1  (ukI.  tiny 
ivor  t«»\vimlH 

scpti,  and  a;t 
;«4vt'd  a  liigli 

atic*'  (tf  dm 
iiccouiit  ilid 
Had  hcdnr^'t'd 
riltl*'  fonii— 
e  land.  De 
(',  iiKin;  thnn 
trroaiw  <»f  tin* 
roll!  caliiii  lo 
l(»n<;.  Often 
[  (Mirst's. 

I  tilt'  f:;l()()my 
Kit  followed, 
(tlicr,  Wilding 
driiii'ing  for- 
'  descried  at 
lings  of  some 
one  after  nn- 
larkness,  and 
id  dying,  .  .  . 
with  whleli  it 

\  picture  tlio 
I  exhibited  by 
rtidd  endure  it 
shnumt.  Nor 
n  wielded  ness 
;reat  priest  in 
peared  before 
mes  as  hears, 


wolves,  or  wildratM.  He  cnlletl  on  <iod,  and  the  apiarl' 
tious  vanished.  Deiifli,  like  u  ^k4'U'ton,  Honieiinies  niena<  <  i 
him,  and  <>nce,  iis  ite  fucetl  ii  with  an  nrit|:iiliMg  eye,  it  fell 
jMiwerless  al  Ills  feel  He  >iiw  the  vision  of  :i  \  sint  iilld  u"i'- 
j;eo  iH  paluc*',  iind  a  miiin  iiloii^  voIm- Jl^^*ulMl  hitn  tluilMi<l» 
was  lo  be  tlie  reward  of  Hione  v,  lio  dwelt  in  havnge  hovels 
iorthe  cuiiso  of  (to  I.  Angels  apiieriietl  to  him.  and  morn 
llian  onr»'  St.  .lu^epli  and  I  lie  Most  r.lessed  \  ilgili  were  vis- 
ibly pleMeiit  before  Ids  sight. 

In  l(i:{7  I'ath-r  d<'  Miebeiif  laid  the  extreme  consolation  of 
holemnly  baiiti/.in;,'  a  Hiir«»n  chief,  the  //rv/ adult  iV*  healtli 
yet  admitted  to  the  Chrislian  fold.  It  was  dine  wilh  great 
ceremony,  and  in  the  j.resriKV'  (  f  hundreds  of  wondering 
indians.  IJiil  the  devil  became  alaiiiied  at  this  tiiiimph  of 
the  l"'ailh.  Mon-  than  ever  the  Mivages  began  to  suspect  the 
.Jesuits.  It  wjiH  secretly  whispered  abroad  that  they  had 
bewitched  llie  nation,  in  short  were  the  chief  cause  of  the 
l)est  which  threatened  to  distroy  if. 

A  dwarfish  medicine-man,  who  boawled  that  he  was  i  ver- 
itable H.mkI  incarnate,  originaied  this  rumor.  The  slander, 
says  Parkman,  sjtread  fast  and  far.  '''heir  friends  looked  at 
them  askance,  their  enemies  <-laniored  for  their  lives.  Some 
.said  that  ihe  jiriests  concealed  in  their  lu-uses  a  coipse 
which  infected  the  country-  u  jirHvalent  iiot'on,  derived 
from  some  half-instructed  neophyte,  concerning  the  bodyof 
Christ  in  the  Kiicharist.  Others  ascribed  the  evils  to  ,,  er 
pent,  other.'-:  to  a  s])olted  frog,  othei's  to  a  demon  which  the 
priests  were  siippo.sed  \o  carry  in  the  l>aneW>f  a  gun.  Olhei  , 
again  gave  cut  that  they  had  pricked  an  infant  to  death 
with  awls  in  the  forest  in  order  t«t  kill  the  Huron  childrci 
by  niag'f  '  Perhaps,'  ob.serves  Father  Le  Mercier  ''llic 
devil  was  enraged  because  we  liad  jdaced  a  great  jnany  vt 
these  little  innocents  in  Heaven.'' 

The  picture  ol  ihe  l.ast  Judgment'  became  nn  objcu*  oi" 
terror.     It  was  regarded  as  a  cliarm.     The  dragons  and  sc: 
pents  were  supposed  to  be  the  demons  oi  the  pest.  an<l  llu 


>  '.iiii  ra"  r:i.  ul  Dw  ?ow  pictures  that  adorned  the  rude  forest  ehapcl. 


m 


yATifhtt  jun\  lif!  nnRiiKCK  ^  /. 


Hitiii.'iH  whc.m  tli.-y  w.'iv  ho  busily  .U'vouiiii«  ir  n-prr-.-nt  Ifs 
vi.iims  Oil  (lir  li'P  of  a  npnirM  tiw  m'su'  IIh-U'  Im-mh*.  at 
IliuimCulu,  tiM'  p«l.«?.lf*  Im.l  fast.^n.'<l  a  sn.nll  Htr,  niii.-i  to  hI.ow 
Ih.Mliioc-tion  of  iho  xNiiid.  TUU  loovsuH  lak.'U  for  luhanii, 
tliiowii.«  olT  aiHOMso  aiMl  ilHith  to  all  .iu;ut»T-..  Tli-  «lorU, 
one.,  mi  ohjiM-l  of  InuniU'^s  uoiulrr,  now  t-xolt-tl  tli»'  wil(U•^^ 
nliuin.  and  thn  .N-suils  \v.>m  foiml  to  hI(  p  il,  »»«  It  ^vuh 
Huppo.,.il  to  Houria  tho  HJKiuil  <.r  «U'ath.  At  hmiM-t,  o_iu, 
w.Mihl  hav..  M.MT5  Unof.H  of  Indians  th.ir  fan-s  daiU  ^Mlli 
dHi..rri.H.  and  t.'rror,  listminn  to  tlu.  nicaHiiivd  ^ioun.b 
wlii.-li  Issn.-d  from  uifliiii  tli.'  n.-i^l.luuin-  liour^r  «.l  tl.o 
niMon,  wl..;r..,  u-ith  U*lf^-\  cImm-h,  tlu'  p«'^''*»'*  ^v••l•t«  MiiJi- 
ln«  Lilani.'H,  niiMtak.Mi   for  iimmtutions  liy  \hv  nwi'  strurk 

HiivaK»'s.'  ,.,111 

Oil  the  .(v.'nin^M)f  tli.'  4tl(  of  Anixu!  t,  HW,  tlu-  cliu-fs  li.'ld 
asolmncoiuicil  todlsriiMstlH' wlK.l.'  .pn-stii.ii  vt  Ih.'  jH-st 
and  thr.IfsuitH.     Fatli.T  .Im  Hivhciif  and  liiHassorial.-surio 
nvpit'stf  I  to  lu' tm'scnl,  and  liladly  tlu-y  acn-ptcd  iIm-  invi- 
tatio'i.     A  slrain,'iT  sci'ii*  it.  would  In-  diincnlt  tf)  lnia;:in«'. 
Ciiit'fs  mi/,/.ly  with  aj^f.  and  lu'ariiijj;  iIk-  N-ars  of  many  u 
tiHirt»  con  tost,  Hpt»nt  their  tOoipiciicc.  di.' wiiolffiisi  "f  wliifh 
was -tilt'   Huron   natioi   was  dyin^  away,  Jind  llir- priests 
were  IIm'  cause.     Wln-u  the  luxl   of  the  dusky  onitors  wit. 
down,  the  noble  I>  >  H;vl)ful' arose  an  I  tlioronuhly  exposed 
the  utter  altsiirdity  of  ihc  charjres  airainsf  hinisi-lf  )in<l  hi^ 
fellow-priests.      Hut  it  was  all  to  no  jmrpose.     There  was  a. 
clamor  for  the  "rhaniir't  clofh!"     In  vain  did  the  Jesuit 
protest  that  they  had  nothing  of  the  kind.     The  loud  ami 
savagt^  deniands  hut  incieased. 

"If  you  will  not  beli.-ve  rnc,"  said  "He  T!rel>euf,  «*po  to 
our  house;  search  everywhere:  and  if  you  are  not  siiro 
which  is  the  charm,  take  all  rmr  Hothinj,'  and  all  our  ch.lh, 
and  throw  them  into  the  lake  " 

"Sorcerers  always  talk  in  that  way,"  was  th<'  rei.ly. 

"Then  wli'it  will  you  have  me  say^'  demanded  De 
Bri'heuf. 

"Tell  us  the  cause  of  the  ptat,"  was  still  asked, 

«  "  TUu  Josult*  In  North  Amcricft." 


f'A. 


rAWF.n  mns  nt?  mfinKVF.  ^  .i 


nil*  huiiw»  at 
mit'i  ttf  hIiuw 
;  lot-  luliunii, 
,  Til.'  cl.K-U, 
ll  tll«'  wil»l«'st 
il,  (IH  It  WUH 
t    HUllVt,  Mim 

I'H  tltiik  \\iili 
lined   isotiutlsi 

lldllHO    l)f    (III) 

H  Wcro  .sing- 
ly tnvt'  struck 

|j»'  rltifTs  lu'ld 

I  of  tln»  JM'Ht 
SM'M'iiltcS  WK'tH 

pled  til*'  iiivi- 
t  tn  iniii;:iri('. 
t'M  (if  iniiiiy  n 
'  ji'isi  of  vvliicli 
lid  the  prif'sts 
ly  nnitfirs  sat 
itilily  pxposfd 
iiiisf'lf  (irwl  lii^ 
TIh'Ic  wiis  II 
lid  tli«'  Jt'siiit 
The  Imid  nnd 

vlwiif.  "po  to 
nil'  iKif  sur» 
all  our  clcfth, 

llic  rf'itly. 
d*'iTi!m<U*d  Be 

iskpd. 


TlH'pond  KaflM'r'di'xplntiationsand  flic  loud  iiiU'riiiiifinnn 
of  tliH  liidiaiiH  ilfliiytMt  tiiii  (IhIkU**  iiiitll  lung  art<r  mid- 
iiiglit,  Asi»tn»  (»f  llinold  clilt'fH  paMii'd  out,  !(••  ^uid  f<i  list* 
"  Xiiviei-  .<f  Nitrtli  AuH'iirii":  "  If  h<iiim>  yoiuiKlirav*' sliuiild 
Hplii  your  li»'ad,  «<»  slit»iiltl  liuvt*  iioiliiuK  'o  nay." 

TliH  KathiMM  wt'iu  now  in  peril  of  flifir  IIv»'m.  TIi»'  leu* 
('(tiiVfilH  fli«'y  li:id  lately  iiiude  cnrii*' Id  iliciu  iti  seeret.  iind 
WUIIied  llieiii  that  tlieir  d'ltlll  wii**  dfti'llliillfd  upon  TIlH 
litnisH  was  set  oil  lire,  in  pul»lie  every  fiiee  was  averted  from 
tlieni,  and  «  new  couneil  wan  railed  to  pionctunce  the  «leere« 
of  death.  They  iippcan-d  before  it,  we  are  told,  with  a 
front  of  siieli  iinllinchiiif,^  iissiiranee.  that  their  JikIm:*"*,  In- 
«lian  like,  pustpout-d  the  Sfllleiice.  Vel  il  seeiiifd  iiiipftssi- 
ble  that  they  shouM  nmeh  lonp-r  «'sf(ipe,  !)<•  Hteheiif, 
tlierefoit*,  wi-oto  a  letter  of  fan-well  to  his  superior.  Father 
Le.leiine,  at  <iiieliec,  :ind  riililided  it  to  some  ecmvei  Is  win. HI 
lie  could  trust,  fohe  cairietl  hy  lliem  to  its  desihiatlou. 

"We  are,  perhapH,"  he  writes,  "about  to^dveour  bhiod 
nnd  our  lives  in  the  cause  of  <air  Master,  .losus  t'hrlMt.  If. 
seems  that  His  ^^oodiji'ss  will  ac( "pt  the  sacrifice,  as  repirdn 
nie.  in  expiati(»u  of  uiy  ^'i'»'at  ami  numbi'iiesssiiis,  and  that 
II  '  will  thus  rrowii  the  [tast  services  and  ardent  desires  (»l" 
all  our  Katle'is  here.  .  ,  .  Hlessed  he  His  name  forever, 
t!iat  He  haschoseii  us  amoii<j:  so  many  better  than  we  to  aid 
Hiai  to  bear  His  cross  iii  this  laiidl  In  all  thing's  His  holy 
Avill  be  done."  The  spirit  of  the  fearless  Christian  iiero 
shines  ()ut  in  th»'se  admirable  sentences. 

After  a  fervent  novena  to  St.  .loseph,  the  clouds  of  deaHi 
tliat  liunjLC  ov«M' thi'ir  devfvted  heads  betiall  shnvly  to  mo\e 
away.  "Truly,"  wrote  Father  l^- Mercier.  "it  is  an  uu- 
si>,akable  happines.s  for  ns  i'n  the  midst  of  this  barbarism 
to  hear  the  roariu'.::  of  ihe  (Semons,  and  to  see  earth  and 
liell  rairinu;  a^,'ainst  a  bamlful  of  men  w.io  will  not  even  de- 
fend themselves." 

Tllustrious  band  of  in<ompambIe  men !  I/'t  ns  rail  the 
immortal  roll:  '"The  iron  DeBrebeut,  the  p-ntle  (Jarnier. 
the  allendurinp  .Tacpies,  the  enthusiastic  Cliaumonol,  Lalle- 
niant,   Le   xMereier,  Charletain,  Daniel,  Pijart,   Ragueneau, 


il 


!■  i 


H^  FA  WKH  Joit.v  in:  Mismivr,  ^  / 

till   IN'iTuik,   poMi-.r.    f^'   Moyihs"  oin»  iiimI  iill  Ixnv  t1i«iP 
iwlvi'i  wllh  a  Im.UI  tiiin.ii.mHy  ••vfu  wh.'ii  tlu-lr  v.'i>  H.alpH 

limitf  liy  u  Imir. 

hiiiiim  tin-  r«'fn:iiii«l.i  of  fli»'  niii»ail\«'  "••  nniHt  ndillu.' 
oiiimIvis  to  III''  |M'i'»«"iiul  lilNioiy  nf  I).'  Hivlwur  liiiii^i'lf. 
Olmlly  u.mlil  \vm  follow  till  in  tlivli-  IiiUum,  luil  n\m'v  will 
not  |».'i'mit."Kiili»wo!ilil  «••  pau-f  to  «»/.«•  ut  •mkIi  hi  hl-^liiaii 

mill  hU  lolU;  n iiit  tli  •  »laiiu"is  fi i  tli.*  h.-atlH'ii  lliiion, 

tliM  Mkulklii«  li'o«|ii  .is,  III.'  Iioz.'u  iiv<'i'.  hiiiiK*'!'.  ««»l'l.  ""•I 
«c(i.|.M!t;  to  mIiow  (Jariilt'i-  wivntlliiK  will*  ll"'  H'"illiiK  U'" 
tliroii);li  whiili  liH  HiiiiU  oil  uii  ••iTunil  of  iii.'iry;  I'hiiliuiM'l 
MtniKu'liiiK  •"»  •'">'  iiriiiy  y<':iis  on  u  iiiission  riom  wliicli  »'v«'ry 
HlMTof  his  iiiifinf  shniiik  with  loalhinu;  CIiiuiiik.iihI  ••orii- 
l>Ulim  his  Kraiiiiii  If  on  the  fro/.i'u  firth;  or  thn  Iii'n.>lf  1>m 
iJivh.'uf,  panily/.»'il  l»y  a  full,  with  hi-*  rolinr  lioiin  l»iok«'ii. 
iTtM'pini^  on  his  li;in.|s  um<I  ffft  alonu'  th«'  rro/.-n  loail.  ainl 
wl.M'pin;^'  iin-,li»'it"ivil  ill  tin*  Mwnv,  wln-u  tlu'  vi-iy  livt's  wi-ii' 
hplitiin^  with  foM.'"' 

In  Nov»'nil»i'r.    H'.|i>,  FatluT  th'  MivlH-ur.  ni'conipaiii»'il  l)y 
Fatht'i   (Miannumot.  set  out   to  fsialili-^h  a  nossioii  iiinoiiv: 
tli»'  |"i'io;'i<nis  .s:iva;4t's  of  th"  Nt'iitral   Nation.     A  inorc  jtci 
iloiis  joiinit'y  tiny  could  not  have  iinih-itakiMi,      l-'ivf  ilays 
(»f  toilsonio  iiiarchini^  luon^ht    tln-iii  to   tin-  liist    Nciitnil 

town. 

Tln'ir  prou;rt*ss  w.is  a  sioiin  of  m  ili'ijictions.  The  cry  of 
"soiccivrs"  was  iiniii*' liatcly  raised,  and  in  every  qnaitcr 
the  priestM  vvei»»  denounced  as  the  destroyers  of  the  hliliian 
race.  Tliey  were  driven  rroni  <loor  to  dnoi',  yelled  at,  spiit 
on,  jeered,  and  <'iirsed. 

One  day,  as  Father  de  Bleheiirs  eyes  were  turned  in  tll« 
direction  ot  the  lan<l  of  the  lro(pi(»!s,  he  l)elield  the  ominous 
appnrition  of  a  j,n'eat  cross  in  the  air  approachinjjc  frrtni  that 
(juarter.  Aftei wards  lie  t(»ld  the  vision  to  his  comrades. 
"What  was  if  likei"  "How  la  lire  was  itT'  they  eaj^'erly 
demialel.  "Jyirge  enough,"  replied  De  IJrebouf,  "to  cru- 
cify us  nil." 

But  Ciod  did  not  abandon  his  fnithfitl  servant  in  adver- 


1  Shea. 


r.XWRH  JOIIS  OK  iniSHKL't'  V  /, 


m 


Ir  vi'iy  Ht'ulpH 

mint  citiillno 
iH'iif  liliiiMfir. 
Ill  N|itiit<  uill 

ll    ill   IliHllillli 

lllllt'll   llui'oll, 

;*•!',  ciiM,  and 
•  tloiitlnp;  U'M 
vy.  Cliiiluiiu'l 
1  wliicli  t'vny 

IIIIIUlllll     fUlll 

he  Ih'i'i.dr  l)t« 
lM»n*«  lifokt'ii, 
/.I'U  i'ikmI,  iiikI 
•ly  t !<'•'•«  wi'i'i' 

•itinit;mi<'(l  hy 

i'ihh'KiIi   llllioli'f 
A  llinlc    )M'r 

I,     Five  (lays 
I'lrHt   Nfiitnil 

*.  The  cry  (>r 
I'VPiy  (jiiiiitt'i' 
(if  tlii>  liniiiait 
rt'I!<'<l  at,  Ni>!it 

tiirnctl  ill  tli« 
(I  tile  oiniiKius 
lint?  iVom  tliat 
liis  comriMlt's. 
'  tJH'y  ciijit'ily 
bouf,  "to  cni- 

vant  in  a(lv(«r- 


Hity.  "On«  t'VfiiliiK,"  wrltrs  Kutli«'r  ('haiieiionor,  "wIh»ii 
ill)  th«>  ('l)li*f  iii)>ii  of  till*  tiiwii  wtu'M  d'  IUmmiiiIiii;  hi  coiiiiril 
wIh'IIu'I-  tlicy  wuiiltl  put  u««  to  «l«iitli.  Kiiflicr  il*-  HiV>lti'iif, 
\\liil«'  iiiaiiiliK  IiIh  •'\.iiiilM;iMoa  ••f  nuiscli'iin-.  :is  wi-  wvyv  to. 
g«'iln'i'al  piayriH,  .saw  tlit«  vidnijuf  u  ^jwrii'i".  full  (»f  fury, 
iiii>tt;iciiii;  iiH  iMitli  wlrli  ihivp  JuvolliH  wliii'li  lif  lirlil  III  IiIm 
liaiid.  'I'liMii  Iii>  hull  i|  <>ui'  of  ilifiti  at  im;  lait  a  iihiD'  [mw- 
I'lfiil  haml  cauKl't  ll  -'•**  ''  'l''^^-  ""''  ''''"•  '""'^  pliici' a  ^tK'niid 
ur  a  lliiid  iliiM*,  as  In-  liu.ltMi  his  twn  ii'iiiuiiiiMir  javtjiiis. 

'•  UU»»at  iilMht  our  host  niiiH' l>a«k  fioni  ihf  i-oiiih-II,  \vlu'r»» 
tliM  two  Huron  »»Mis<4arlt's  had  iiiadf  llu'lr  ^i'f  of  hairlu'ts  to 
ha\H  m  Killt'd.  ?|i' waki'Ut'd  us  to  say  that  tlinc  iiiii«'s  \\»« 
had  Im'cii  at  tin-  poin;  of  dralli;  for  tlu'  }oiniK  iiu-u  had 
oll»'riMl  ihrt'f  tluu's  to  Mtrlkf  th»'  Mow,  niid  thf<<  tlnios  the 
old  iiu'H  luul  dissiuhi'd  tlu'i- ,  This  I'xpiaiiird  til.' iiiraniiifj: 
of  Kailu'r  d.'  Hivl  t'lirs  visiuti."'  Still  Ih'-ir  d'o.-ivr  was  not 
past.     It   was  sfirt'lly  aKi«''''l   that  i»o  oac  mIioi.UI  sht'ltcr 

tll>>UI. 

"({o  ji'kI  h»uv»«  <iiir  country,"  I'xclaiint'd  an  old  cliif-f,  *'or 
w«' will  put  you  iiiio  the  ki'ttlc.  and  inakf  a  U'n>\  of  y<>u." 

Father  (!••'  IJi(''l'"ur  and  his  c<.iupanion,  notuithstandiiiK 
their  daji^icrs.  ««pfiit  a  few  weeks  iiMUe  in  the  territory  of  the 
feroclcMis  had  InhospitaMe  Neutrals,  and  then,  shakin.u'  thu 
dust  olT  llnir  feet,  they  proceeded  north  i(»  St.  Marie,  th.» 
Leudtpiarters  of  the  whole  Huron  lulssion. 


CHAPTER  III. 

TIIK   IJLKSSIN(l   OF   SUCCESS   AM)  THK   HEROIC   EXD. 

The  omit  hanvM  of  soKls—Pielf/  of  the  J iitUans— Father 
dc  Biibi'uf  fi  (tpinaranvc  some  time  tieforehis  dailh— 
Ilift  n'rt lies'— -The  Iroquois  in  fusion— Assault  on  the^ 
rilfaffe  of  St.  Louis -A  noUle  Indian  chief —Ue  Br  elieuf 
taken  2>risoner—AppaUin'j  tortures— The  suldime  end 
— His  (jrcatness. 

Six  years  of  almost  incredible  toil  and  sufYeriiifis  had  now 
been  spent  in  the  stony  iield  of  tlie  Huron  mission.  To  tlio 
mere  human  eye  it  was  labor  thrown  away.  13ut  nothing  Is 
lost  that  is  dolu^  for  (lod.  Others  may  sow  and  water;  llo 
alone  can  give  the  increase,  which  He  always  does  in  His 
own  ffood  time.  After  all,  motives,  not  success,  are  the  test 
of  rejd  merit,  lint  if  the  sublimest  motives  and  the  noblest 
merit  can  command  success,  did  not  Father  de  Brebeuf  and 
Ins  rposrolii!  euinpanions  deserve  it  i 

The  venerable  Apostle  of  the  Ilurons  had  the  liappiness 
to  live  to  beliold  his  labors  blessed  by  Heaven.  During  the 
remaining  nint^  years  ot  his  glorious  career  thousands  came 
into  the  Church.  Marvelous  sight !  Obstinate  and  iierce 
barbarians  were  transformed  into  model  Christians.  The 
woir  became  a  lamb.  Speaking  of  the  state  of  the  missions 
iu  1G48,  Father  llagueneau  wrote:  ''l-^-ery where  the  prog- 
ress of  the  Faith  has  far  .surpassed  our  hopes;  the  greater 
portion  of  the  savages,  even  those  who  had  been  before  the 
most  ferocious,  having  become  so  docile  and  so  pliable  to 
the  preaching  of  the  Gospel  as  to  make  it  manifest  that  the 
angels  labored  more  among  them  than  ourselves.  The  num- 
ber of  those  who  received  baptism  this  year  is  about  eigh- 
teen hundred." 

422 


Die   EXD. 

'ans— Father 
•  his  ihdth  — 
sauJt  on  the 
-lie  nrlfnuf 
sublhne  end 


iiin;s  had  now 
islon.  To  tlio 
iiit  nothiiit?  is 
ud  wiitor;  lie 
s  does  ill  Ilia 
;s,  are  tlie  test 
id  the  nobh^st 
;  Erebeuf  and 

the  happiness 
. ,  Diiriri^^  tlie 
lonsands  came 
[ite  and  iierce 
ristians.  Tlie 
if  tlie  missions 
lere  the  prog- 
's; the  greater 
•een  before  the 
[  so  pliable  to 
tiifest  that  the 
es.  The  n  am- 
is about  eigh- 

422 


FATHER  JOHN  DE  lillEnKUF,  S.  J. 


4-i:i 


Four  new  missionaries  liaving  rarived  in  September, 
104.S,  the  total  number  laboring  in  the  Huron  mission 
then  amounted  to  t'iijhteen.  All  the  chief  villages  had 
thf'ir  nourishing  missions.  In  the  <'onversion  of  these 
du;!ky  sons  of  the  forest  we  see  the  truth  of  the  lines— 

"Nolh'mj;  sreiil  is  lightly  won, 
Aud  uolhlii.^'  \vi)U  is  lost." 

How  delighted  must  have  been  Father  de  Brebeuf  in  wit- 
nessing the  muvclous  progn-ss  of  the  Faith  descrilu'd  in 
the   llui(»n    Jir/iUiotis'   of    that  time.     "Without   doubt," 
wites  the  Superior,  ''the  angels  of  Heaven  have  Ix-en  re- 
joiced at  seeing  that  in  all  the  villages  of  this  connlry  the 
Faith  is  respected,  and  that  (!hristians  now  glory  in  that 
name  which  was  in  ivproach  but  a  few  years  ago.     l-'or  my 
part,   I  <'ould  never  have  lioped   to  see,  nrn  oftrr  fifiif 
yntrs  of  lalnn,  one-tenth  part  of  the  piety,  of  the  virtue 
and  sanctity,  of  whicii  I  have  been  an  eye-witness  in  the  visits 
made  to  those  churches  which  have  but  lately  grown  up  in 
the  bosom  ot  infidelity.     It  has  given  me  a  sensible  delight 
to  witness  the  diligcMice  of  the  Christians,  who  anticii)ated 
the  light  of  the  sun  to  come  to  the  public  prayers,  tind  who, 
thougdi  harassed  with  toil,  came  again  in  immense  throngs 
befom  night  to  render  nninv  their  homages  to  (lod;  to  se(f 
the  little  children  emulating  the  piety  of  their  parents,  and 
accustoming  themselves,  from  the  most  tender  age,  to  ode'- 
np  to  God  their  little  sufferings,  griefs,  and  labors.     Often 
little  girls,  while  engaged  in  gathering  wood  for  the  fire  in 
the  adjoining  forests,  can  lind  no  employment  more  agree- 
able than  to  recite  the  rosary,  seeking  to  outstrip  each  other 
in  this  exercise  of  piety.    But  what  has  charmed  me  most  is 
to  see  that  the  sentiments  of  faith  have  penetrated  so  deejily 
into  the  hearts  of  those  whom  we  have  but  lately  called  bar- 
barians, and  I  can  say  with  entire  truth  that  Divine  grace 
lias  destroyed  in  most  of  them  the  fears,  the  desires,  and  the 
joys  inspired  heretof(n-e  by  the  feelings  of  nature."  ' 

1  Father  Kajjiu'iionn,  S.  J. 

The  following  is  from  the  same  venerable  pen:  "A  little  chi!d  six  years  old  fell  dangerou«ly 


494 


FATItEIi  JOHN  BK  nitfJUEVF  8  J. 


Siicli  was  the  happy  condition  of  the  Huron  n.'ssion.  'Hip 
labors  of  the  illustrit)U.H  T)h  BrtHviif  and  his  f-llow-.h-sui'-i 
were  crouMU'd  witli  more  tiian  siuvess.  C.itliolit'ity  tlour- 
islu'd  in  th«>  snow-chid  wildt-rncss  of  ^hi  North. 

TluM'<»  were  in  tlie  Huron  country  in  March,  104'.),  ei^^li- 
teeii  Jesuits  and  four  hiy  brothers.  The  headquarters  of 
tlie  mission,  where  tin*  Father  Sup  'rior  resided,  was.  as  we 
have  said,  S.iinte  Miarie,  on  tlu'  little  river  Wye,  just  south 
of  Matchedas  H.iy.  Other  mission  villages  luul  likewise  the 
names  of  saints,  St.  Ignatius,  St.  Joseph,'  St.  Louis  and 
many  moie. 

Let  us  imagine  all  tlu>  Fathers  gathered  togefli;  r  iri  thc*' 
krgest  apartment  of  the  house  at  Sainte  Mi;ri«'.  Among 
them  we  can  at  once  single  out  the  tall,  imposing  figure  of 
the  apostle  and  founder  of  the  Huron  mission.  Father  Jolm 
de  IJrehiMif.  His  hair  was  now  somewhat  tinged  with  gray, 
I'or  iie  was  fifty-six  years  of  age.  "Tf  he  seemed  impas- 
bive,"'  writes  the  Protestant  Parkman,  "it  was  because  one 
overmastering  princii>lo>  hid  nvn-gcd  and  absorbed  all  the 
impuls:'s  of  Ids  miture  and  all  the  faculties  of  his  mind. 


Blok  fii  llu!  niiiHlon  of  St.  MIchiu'l.  IIh  iiiotlicr,  rwaliia  I'm'  excess  of  lilii  nnffcrhi!;*'.  nml  tlio  np- 
pr<mclii'-(i'  (li'iitliiDlU'rdciirly  h'lovid  an  I  (i;ily  c'.iiKl,  cnulil  iidt  nstniiii  1  rr  t<'ars.  '  Mdllicr,"  ox- 
itliiiiii"  IIk'  lilllr  one,  '  wliy  do  you  wcci)*  yo.ir  t'■;lr^^  laimot  iimki'  iiii'  \\(  II  iiL'aiii.  T.''l  us  pray  to 
Cod  'oji'tlicr  that  He  will  mukf  mi'  liappy  In  Iliavcii."  Aflir  Home  prayers  the  ihoiImt  said: 
'My  i-oii,  I  must  nnry  you  to  Saiiile  Maii<',  lliiil  the  French  rathe  rs  ini:y  restore  yon  to  liealth.' 
'O mother:"  replied  the  little  iiino/:>:it,  ■  I  hue  a  tUv?  whirh  hnnis  luy  le'nd  -  ran  they  put  it  out? 
J  do  not  expect  to  live.  Hut  do  not  he  aiLshiis  .ahout  me.  for  my  end  i«  eo-niiij,  snd  I  mils'  <ooii 
ask  you  to  carry  mo  to  Salute  Marie.  I  wlsii  to  die  there,  and  to  he  hurled  anion;.'  the  ^'ood  Cliria- 
tlat'.H.  .  .  , 

"  This  little  nngel  was  hrought  to  us,  timl  died  in  our  nrm=.  pr.iyiiif  to  Die  end.  nrd  «'^"iirin?  us 
that  he  wa.s  i;oh\g  strai^rht  to  Heaven,  whc  !,•  he  would  pray  tofiod  for  us  all;  and  he  even  a-ked 
h'.a  mother  to  tell  him  for  whieh  of  his  relations  he  ►hould  pray  mo''t,  when  he  would  liewithtfod, 
and  when  his  prayers  would  without  doubt  he  heard.  lie  >m,'  heard:  for  fhortly  after  Ills  death, 
oiii!  of  his  iiucles,  a  man  who  had  heen  ainonij  the  most  reliel'.ioiis  to  the  Failh  in  tliis  rounlry, 
a^  well  as  one?  ol  his  aunts,  demanded  inslruetlon  at  our  hands,  and  heeinie  Cliiisti.ins.'  -FcMir 
Paul  Haqiitni'itii,  S. ./.,  Uthilinii  tic  er  r/tii  f^-t  paffr  fii  la  misti'ii  (I'^i  rh-ci>  <le  lit  ('(mi/ia'jnie  liJ 
,/c?w.  aii.r  /Iiiroiin,  paii  de  la  Xmirelle  Fraiire.  a'l.r  oiiiuen  KitH  :l  ICilll. 

'  Tiie  year  liefore.  ICI.S,  Rt.  .Joseph's  was  deJ^troyrd  Iiy  a  hostile  hand  of  Iroquois.  It  wis-  early 
ill  the  moniiii;j.  Mass  was  just  finished  hy  Knth.T  Darnel.  The  war-\<  b'^'ip  of  the  [rnqiiols  ran;; 
in  the  oars  of  the  panio-strirkon  vlllasers.  Hallyiuff  the  (lef<'ndrrs,  the  heroio  jiriesf  L'lve  them 
ahsolutlon.  "Brothers,"  he  o.selalmed,  "today  we  shall  lie  in  Heaven!"  And  to  his  flock  ho 
cried,  '  Fly  !  I  will  stay  here.  We  shall  meet  aualn  In  ITenven."  As  the  defenders  were  few,  the 
carnage  socm  tiegan.  On  seeinc  Daniel  in  the  bright  rohes  of  his  nffiee,  the  heathen  savages 
Ptared  for  a  moment  in  nmazenient.  Then  ramo  a  volley  of  arrows.  A  musket  hall  )iiereed  tho 
■Jomilfs  heart,  and  h"  f"ll  murmuring  Itic  holy  name  of  Jesus.  Thia  occurred  three  days  after  his 
ratrcat.    lie  died  a  naint  and  martyr. 


FA  Tir'iJi  joiix  liE  nul>.nh:uF.  r. ./. 


4i.". 


n.'ssion.  'Hif 

"llu\V-.ll'S>li'"» 

olk'ity  tloiu- 

j,  1041),  t'i«?Ii- 
idqiiiiiters  of 
lI,  was.  ;is  \\\i 
H,  jiisi  south 
.  likewise;  the 
t.   Louis  mid 

;«>th ;:r  ill  the 
,ri('.  Ainoii^' 
4i!g  ligiirc  oL' 
Father  ,lohn 
n\  with  ^'ray, 
■emed  iinpas- 
i  because  one 
)rbed  all  the 
of  liis  mind. 


iffcrlii!,'!'.  nml  tlio  np- 
tcars.  '  Miiilicr,'  ox- 
iLjiiiii.  T.'l  us  pray  to 
crs  the  iiKiltiiT  said: 
■sliirc  yon  In  lii'iillli.' 
-can  thiy  pnt  it  out? 
iiii;»,  Riiil  1  niMNt  <itnn 
ini'in;.Mli('(;(i()(!  Cliris- 

■  end.  nrd  R'^"iiriii£r  us 
II;  mill  111- oven  a-ki'd 
lie  would  lii>«ltli(!i>d, 
iKirlly  nflcr  liis  doatli, 
Pailli  in  tills  rniintry, 
(•|!risti,'ini.''-/'(/«i'r 
(le  l(t  Ctmi/ia'jnie  tic 

rnqiinis.  It  wi"--  cnrly 
[I  nf  till'  Irii'iuiils  rati!; 
roic  jiricst  ".'a*''  tlicm 

And  to  Ills  (lock  In; 
fciidiTM  wdrc  few,  the 

tlio  licatlicn  savas;('S 
isUi't  hall  iiirrccd  tho 
!(l  tliM-'O  days  after  his 


The  enth'islasju,  which  wiMi  many  is  fitful  and  spasmodic, 
vas  with  h'm  111"  cuiie;it  of  his  lif",  st.lt  mn  and  deep  as  the 
fide  of  (lestiny.  '''he  l>ivine  Trinity,  Mie  Holy  Nir.yin.  the 
Saints,  Ilea'en  and  h -11,  anp-Is  and  Mends.  t(»  Inni  these 
all  me  vt'ie  I'eid,  nnd  all  thinj;s  else  weiv  naiijiht." 

I)t;  liielieuf  was,  in  truth,  a  man  (tf  the  suMimest  viiine. 
Let  the  i)en  <»1  one*  oi  his  famous  companions  descibe  Ids 
Christian  ^reatuess:  "When  he  was  made  Superior  of  the 
Huron  missit)n,"'  writes  Fatlier  R:ijj,ueneau,  "and  had  many 
others  under  his  char^'e,  every  one  admiied  his  skill  iri  the 
mana.i'.cimiit  of  alTairs,  his  swceiness.which  gained  ali  hearts, 
lii.s  heroic  courage  in  tncry  undertaking,  his  longsiilVeriiig 
in  awaititu-;  tli  >  muniMits  of  (lod's  good  i)leasure,  Ids  pa- 
tience in  (^iuluriiig  everylhing,  and  Ids  zeal  in  undertaking 
whatever  might  promote  (iod's  glory.  His  humility  in- 
clined him  to  embrace  with  love,  with  joy.  and  even  with 
natural  relish,  whatever  was  most  lowly  and  iiainfel. 

"If  on  a  journey  he  carritul  the  heaviest  burdens,  if 
traveling  in  canoes  he  paddh'd  fidm  morning  till  night,  it 
was  he  who  thr.v.v  hiuisiOf  hist  into  the  water  and  was  the 
last  to  leave-  it,  notwithstamling  the  rigor  of  the  cold  and 
th<!  ice.  II.'  was  the  lirst  up  in  the  morning  to  make  a  lire 
and  pr(>pare  breakfast,  and  lie  was  the  last  to  I'etire,  linish- 
ingliis  prayers  and  devotions  after  the  others  had  pone  t.> 

repose. 

"What  is  most  remarkable  is,  that  in  all  the  labors  he 
thus  to(dv:  upon  himself,  he  did  everything  so  quietly  and 
dexterously  that  one  would  have  believed  that  he  had  but 
a.^ted  in  accordance  with  his  natural  indinaticm.  'lam 
but  an  ox,'  he  was  Avont  to  say.  alluding  to  the  meaning  of 
ins  name  in  French ;  'I  ain  fit  for  nothing  but  carrying 
burdens.' 

"To  the  continual  snflftM'ings  which  wer«?  inseparable  from 
his  employment  in  the  missions,  he  added  a  number  of  vol- 
untary mortifications,  of  inflictions  of  the  discipline  every 
day,  and  often  twice  in  the  day,  of  frequents  fasts,  of  hair 
shirts,  of  girdles  around  his  body,  armed  with  iron  points, 
of  watchings,  which  were  protracted  far  into  the  night.   And 


420 


FATHER  JOnS  DE  liliE'lEUF.  S.  J. 


after  all,  his  heart  was  uut  yet  sutltiteJ  with  sutreriugs,  aiiO 
ho  believed  that  what  he  hadhith.Tto  euduivd  was  nothing. 
"  His  meekness  was  the  virtue  which  seemed  to  transcerd 
all  the  others.  It  was  proof  Mgiiinst  every  trial.  l"'or 
twelve  years  .that  1  have  known  him,"  continues  Father 
Kaguenean,  "  that  1  have  seen  him  alternately  superior, 
inferior,  and  on  an  .'tpiality  with  oi hers,  sometimes  cngMgvd 
in  temporal  alVairs,  sometimes  in  missionary  toils  and  lalmr.s, 
dealing  with  the  saviiges,  whether  Christians,  inlidels,  or 
enemies,  iii  the  midst  of  snU'erings,  of  persecution,  and  of 
ralumny,  I  never  once  saw  him  either  in  anger  or  nwiniiest- 
ing  th»'  slightest  i.idlcation  of  displeasure.  UccasioiKilly, 
even,  some  persons  tried  to  i)iiiMe  hin\  on  puriiose,  and  to 
:;uri)iise  him  in  those  things  to  which  they  tl'ought  his  sen- 
sihiiity  woidd  be  the  m(»st  alive,  but  always  his  I'ye  would 
be  ))enign,  his  words  full  of  sweetness,  and  his  heart  in  an 
nntdteralle  calm." 

Statioi'.ed  at  the  village  of  St.  Louis  were  Father  de 
Brebeuf  and  his  slender  and  apparently  youthful  companion, 
Father  (iabriel  Lallemtint.  We  have  already  referred  to  the 
Iroquois  riid  by  which  Father  Diiniel  met  a  glorious  death. 
Tnose  hostile  savages,  encourag.Kl  by  the  success  of  this 
rirst  attempt,  detenulned  to  pay,  at  some  future  time,  an- 
other and  more  dreadful  visit  to  the  llunm  country.  He- 
fore  th<;  dawn  of  day  on  the  l(5fh  of  Mnrch,  104^).  a  foice  of 
about  one  thousand  Inxpiois  warriors  suddenly  attaci^ed 
th:»  village  of  St.  Ignatius.  The  place  was  carried  by  assaulr. 
Oilf  of  four  hundred  iidiabitatits,  but  three  escaped  over  tliB 
snow  to  ca-ry  the  alarm  to  St.  liOiiis,  only  three  miles  dis- 
tant I  Tt  was  scarcely  sunrise  when  the  swift-footed  Mo- 
hawks surround  Ml  the  doomed  village  in  which  dwelt  the 
Ajtostle  of  the  Hurons. 

The  details  of  the  tierce  struggle  and  awful  carnage  that 
raake  that  place  memorable  were  learn,  d  from  a  few  Indians 
who  escaped  to  St.  Marie,  and  they  can  be  found  in  the 
old  Relation  of  that  year. 

When  the  three  fugitives  from  St.  Tgr.r.tins  reached  the 
still  slumbering  village  of  St.  Louis,  they  spread  the  alarm 


FATJiEii  joijy  Dt:  mif:nEUF,  s.  J. 


427 


utftTiugs,  and 
wa.s  not  hi  11  jj;. 
I  to  transcei'd 
y  trial.  For 
tiiiut's  Father 
t'ly  superior, 
times  t'iiga^!,e(l 
ilsaiid  labors, 
s,  intldels,  or 
•iitioii,  and  of 
r  or  iiianii'est' 
UceasioiKilly, 
iriiose,  and  to 
oiiglit  his  sen- 
ilis eye  would 
lis  heart  in  an 

re  Father  de 
ul  (•()ini)anion, 
rel'ern'd  to  the 
glorious  death, 
uccess  of  this 
tnre  lime,  nn- 
conntiy.  He- 
040,  Ji  foice  oL' 
enly  attacKed 
ied  by  assault, 
(•aped  over  tlie 
nee  miles  dis- 
ift-footed  Mo- 
hich  dwelt  the 

1  rarnaff<'  that 
1  a  few  Indians 
J  found  in  the 

IS  reached  the 
•ead  the  alarm 


ulth  telegraphic  rapidity.  Tiie  (niristian  Indians  entreated 
De  liieheuf  to  .save  his  life— to  tly  with  them.  Hut,  in  the 
words  of  I'arknian,  ''the  bold  scion  of  a  warlike  stock  hatl 
no  thought  of  llight.  His  post  was  in  the  teeth  of  danger, 
to  cheer  on  tho.se  who  fought,  and  to  (tiien  Heaven  to  those 
who  fell.  His  c(dleague,  slight  of  frame  and  frail  of  con- 
stitution, trembled  des[)ite  himst'lf;  but  deep  enthusiasm 
mastered  the  vveaknu.s.s  of  nature,  and  he,  too,  refused  to 

fly." 

Out  of  tise  seven  hundred  inhabitants  all  availed  them- 
selves of  the  oi)i)ortunity  to  esrape,  save  about  eighty  war- 
riors, wlio  detfrndued  to  sell  their  lives  dearly.  TIk*  war- 
>vhoop  of  til!'  tierce  Iroipiois  shook  the  very  wigwams,  as 
yell  echoed  yell,  and  shot  answered  shot. 

"Tlic  (:o"-l)iit  (Iwpiusi 
Ou,  yc  bitivi; :  " 

The  iron  and  dauntless  De  Brebeuf  and  his  gentle  compan- 
ion employed,  says  the  old  Jic/aJio/t,  every  momtiit  of  theiv 
t'nie,  as  the  most  precious  of  their  lives,  and  during  the 
hottest  of  the  (tontest  their  hearts  were  all  on  lire  for  the 
salvation  of  souls.  One  of  them  was  at  the  breach  baptizing 
the  catechumei's;  the  other  was  giving  absolution  to  the 
(Jhrisfian  braves.  Seeing  things  were  desi)erate,  a  heathen 
Huron  urgeil  flight. 

His  words  w«'re  heard  by  the  fearless  Stephen  Annaotaha, 
the  distinguished  Christian  chief  of  the  village.  "  What  !" 
exclaimed  the  brave*  chief,  "shall  W(*  aban(h)n  these  good 
Fathers,  who,  for  our  sakes,  havt;  exposed  their  own  lives  { 
The  love  they  have  for  our  salvation  will  be  the  cause  of 
their  death.  There  is  no  longer  time  foi- them  to  tly  across 
the  snows.  Let  us,  then,  die  witli  them,  ami  in  their  C(»m- 
paiiy  we  shall  go  to  Heaven."  This  chief  had  made  a  gen- 
eral confession  but  a  few  days  before,  having  had  a  presen- 
timent of  the  threaten*  ;1  danger,  and  having  said  that  he 
wished  death  to  lind  him  rii)e  for  the  land  beyond  the 
skies. 

The  lierce  but  unequal  contest  continued  until  several 


:^^>Mt. 


428 


FATHER  JOHN  DE  IIURIiEVF,  f*.  J. 


biciU'lu's  wore  niade  in  tlic  ])iilis!Kh'.s.  A  y«'ll  of  tritiinpli 
ininHiniDMl  (he  vi<(»)i;v  of  lli"  lioqiiois.  KatluTs  tb*  Bi/'lifif 
and  l/»ll»'iiKiiif  and  a  f»'\v  lluioa  wamuis  were  made  piis- 
(inei's      The  tt)wn  was  tired. 

Iniinediately  afU'f  fhrir  ea»>tiire,Hie  Fathers  were  ,strii»ped 
of  tlieir  <,'h»thin;;  had  their  tinker  nails  torn  out  by  the  roots, 
and  were  borne  in  wild  tiiiiaiph  tc  t  hf  vilhi^'e  of  St.  Ij^nu- 
tiii><.  whieh  had  b'"n  talit-u  thesanie  nl(•rnin^^  On  »'nterir»^ 
its  i^ate-  they  l)i»!li  recciv,'(ia  shttwei-of  l)l()W.s  ontht'ir  shoul- 
(hM's.  loins,  and  Htoniach,  no  part  of  their  exp(tsed  bodlw 
espapinff  <'r)ntiiai('ly.  In  tlie  midst  of  tln.srruelty  the  nn- 
ron'piei-:i1»'e  l>i'  Hietn'uf  tlii)ii;,dit  only  of  others.  His  ey« 
kindiiu^r  with  sa(  nsl  tire,  he  addressed  the  t'liristian  llnron.s 
\vh:>  wese  his   lellow  {•ai)tives  : 

••  My  chilttren  !  Let  ns  lift  up  our  eye.s  to  Heaven  in  the 
raidst  of  our  siifF.'rin^s ;  let  us  reineinl)er  that  ({od  is  u  wit- 
ness of  our  torments,  and  that  Ho  will  soon  be  «»\ir  rew;  d 
e.\(ve;lin,u:ly  ijreat.  Let  us  die  in  this  faith,  and  trust  in 
Hi3  goodness  for  tlie  fulfillment  (»f  ITis  pronnsr»s.  I  feel 
more  for  you  than  for  myself;  but  bear  with  courafre  the 
few  t(M'inents  which  yet  remain.  They  will  terminate  with 
our  lives.  The  gloiy  which  will  follow  tliem  will  have  no 
end  I 

"  Echon,^''  they  all  re])lied,  "our  hopes  shall  be  in  TTeav(^n, 
while  our  bodies  are  suffering  on  earth.  Pray  to  (lod  for 
us.  that  He  will  grant  us  mercy.  We  will  invoke  liim  eveu 
unro  death." 

Enraged  at  these  words  of  th"  heroic  Je.snit.  the  Troquoisj 
led  him  apart  and  bound  him  to  a  stake.  These  fiendish 
savages  scorched  him  from  head  to  foot  to  silence  him, 
wliereupon,  in  the  tone  of  a  master,  he  threatened  them  with 
everlastmg  flames  for  persecuting  the  worslnpers  of  God. 
As  he  continued  to  speak  with  voice  and  countenance  un- 
chang!'(',  ihey  cut  aAvay  his  lower  lip,  and  thrust  a  red  hot 
iron  down  his  throat.  He  still  held  his  lofty  form  erect  and  d  »- 
iiar.r.  with  no  sign  or  sound  of  pain,  and  they  tried  another 
iisHans  to  overcome  him.  They  led  out  Lallemant,  that  De 
IJrobeuf  might  see  him  tortured.     They  had  tied  strips  of 


FATIIHH  JUilS  UK  liltP.H.lil',  S  J. 


430 


uf  triniiipli 

'  ni:i<lf  pris- 

ter*'  strlppt'd 
l)y  lli»'  ruots, 
of  St.  I^nii- 
()\\  t'iil«'ririi? 
itlifii-  slioitl- 
)()se(l  luKJIe-iJ 
it'lty  flit'  iin- 
rs.  His  «'y« 
stiiiii  llui'on.s 

(\'»von  in  \\w 
f()(l  is  a  wit- 
'  (»\ir  rt'W'  .1 
ind   trust  ill 

liSr>S.         I      ftH'l 

<'ouniji»>  the 
rniinale  with 
will  have  no 

)('  in  TTt'avpn, 
V  to  (io(l  for 
)ke  liini  eveii 

the  Troo'iois 
li«'se  fiendish 
silenre  him, 
ed  tliein  with 
UTS  of  God. 
ntenanre  nn- 
iist  a  red-hot 
erect  and  d  »- 
tried  another 
lant,  that  De 
ied  strips  of 


hark  smeared  with  pitch  ..lont  his  naked  body.  When 
liiiljfiiian^  saw  the  citidition  of  his  Sii|)eri<)r  he  could  lot 
liide  his  aj,ntatit»!i,  and  cull  -d  diii  ti»  him.  wllh  a  liroUm 
voice,  in  tile  words  of  St.  Paul.  '•  We  are  made  a  spectacle 
to  tlie  voi'ld.  to  ans'els.  and  to  men."'  Then  he  ilnew  him- 
self at  De  MieljellfM  feet,  upon  which  the  jrottiiois  »iei/ed 
liim,  made  hirii  fast  to  a  stake,  tmd  set  lire  to  th"  Imrk  tliat 
enveloped  him.  As  the  llaiiies  rose  he  threw  his  arms  up- 
ward witii  a  siiriek  of  siijiplicaliou  to  lltavt'ii.  Next  ihey 
liuu"?  around  De  Ihelieuf's  neck  a  collar  made  of  haldi  ts 
heatt'd  ret  hot,  l)Ul   tlu'  indomilahle  'priest  Miood   it   like  a 

rock. 

A  Huron  in  thc!  crowd,  who  liiid  lieen  a  (onvert  of  the 
mission,  hut  was  now  an  jroipiois  hy  a<loption.  calltd  out, 
witli  the  malice  of  a  reiicuade,  to  jiour  hot  water  on  their 
heads,  since  tl  ey  poured  so  much  cold  wnler  on  those  of 
others.  The  kettle  was  iu'cordiiij;ly  slun^.  and  the  water 
boiled  and  poured  slowly  on  the  heads  of  the  two  ndssion- 
aries.  "We  baptize  you."  the  wrttches  cri<  d,  "that  you 
may  be  hai)i)y  in  Heaven,  for  nobody  can  be  saved  without 
a  f;(»od  Baptism.""  De  Ihel  euf  did  not  tlineh,  and  in  a  r;i<; 
thev  out  strips  of  llesh  from  his  lind)s,  and  devoured  them 
before  his  eyes. 

Other  renejrade  Tfurons  railed  out  to  him,  ''Von  tohl 
ns  that  the  more  one  sull'ers  on  earth  the  hap]>ier  iie  is  in 
Heaven.  We  wish  to  make  you  hap|)y.  We  tctrment  you 
because  we  love  you,  and  you  ou«,dil  to  thaid'i  us  f(»r  it." 
A ftn*  a  succession  of  other  revolt in«;  tor'Mres,  they  scalped 
him,  when  seeing  him  neaily  dead,  they  laid  open  his 
breast,  and  came  in  a  crowd  to  drink  the  blood  of  .sovUiant 
an  enemy,  thinking  to  imbibe  with  it  some  portion  of  lii;> 
marvelous  courage.  A  chief  then  tore  out  hi.s  heart  and  de- 
voured it. 

And  thus  died  Father  John  ue  Thobeuf,  th"  founderof  tl;i> 
Huron  mission,  its  truest  liero  and  its  greatest  martyr.  He 
came  of  a  nol  le  race,  the  same,  it  is  said,  from  which  si)rang 
the  English  Earls  of  Arundel ;  but  nnver  had  the  mailed 
Barons  of  his  line  confronted  a  fate  so  appalling  Avith  so 


1 


'\m 


FAriifcii  joiis  DE  iwfnnwF,  ft.  J. 


pnidijflons  ii  ronstiim-y.    To  tlie  liiHt  1m'  rnfiisj-d  to  flIn.Tt. 
n\\:\  \\\h  tlcath  wiiH  tijt?  nsJ...iii^*hm«'nt  of  hit  liiliiiiimii  imii- 

di'i't't's.' 

\\%' lloi)r«  y«'t  to  si'H  llu' cans*"  of  \\\i'  hcofijfrafioii  of  llils 
f,im  >i.s  umiyr  ami  missiotiary  broii^'lit  fonvaril  in  <luo 
form.  WlioVan  (loiil»l  \m\  llial  li»'  now  ^llill•'H  aiiM.iiK  tlio 
Saints^  (<w:it,  imb'fd,  must  have  In  fii  the  viiiiii\  faitli, 
ami  litMoisni  wliicli  .'uahlfd  liin>  to  tiiimii.li  over  liiiaian 
\v.'aka»«ss.  and  su  ^'laiidly  m<Tt  his  awful  fjit.-.  liniiK.lal 
nian!  master  of  every  virtue,  linml>le  beyond  expressioti, 
niwk  to  admiration,  endurin-r  uidieanl-of  toils  and  suireriii,L;H 
uitli  joy,  biave  far  Iteyond  the  bravest  of  this  w<»rld,  illtis- 
Irious  in  life  ii.id  sublime  in  denth. 

Such  a  shinini,^  (Miristiaii  hero  as  Faflier  .Fohn  do  Hrebeuf 
the  Ancient  Faith  ah)ne  can  produce.  rassiuK  finni  the 
visible  to  the  invisible,  what  ^dory  doubtless  illumiiu'd  that 
rare  sf)ui:  For,  "it  should  ever  bi^  remembered,"  says  a 
well-known  writer,  "that  the  exterior  work  of  a  saint  is 
bu^  a  small  portion  of  h\>  real  life.  Men  an;  ever  searchinff 
for  tho  beautiful  in  nature  and  art,  bur  they  rarely  search 
for  th"  beauty  of  a  human  soul,  y(>t  thi-<  beauty  is  immor- 
tal. S()niethin<?  of  its  ruliauci^  appears  at  tinu's  even  lo 
human  ey  4,  and  im-n  are  overawed  by  the  majesty  or  won 
by  the  sweetness  of  the  saints  of  (lod.  Jiiit  it  needs  saintli- 
ness  to  discern  sanctity,  even  d"  ii  needs  cultivated  taste  to 
discern  art.  A  tliiiiij:  of  beauty  is  a  joy  only  to  those  who 
can  discern  its  beauty.'"' 


>  I'iirkm:in. 

'  Till'  liciul  of  FailiiT  ilo  Iln'lMiif  In  n  pllvcr  slirlno  I"  prpfonort  wltli  (front  vpnorntlnn  iit  Que 
Iior.  ScviTiil  mlr.icifi  liinc  liven  wniiiL'lit  liy  llir  liiilv  liiirni'-xlon  of  thin  llliinrlons  mnrl)T-ml* 
Hiouiiry     Si'c  "Vlt^  dc  .Ii'iiii  dc  Brobeiif,"  pur  Ic  It.  1'.  Miirliii,  pp.  v»H-i«. 

KiiiliiT  l,iiliMiicnr  iil*i>  tint  lii- mil  with  iriii' chrl-tlan  liirnl-ni.  Ilr  livcil  till  dir  nixt  iliiy  ; 
anil  'whrn  thr  hmi  liinl  rivn.on  llii'  ITlli  nf  Marcli.  tliry  cloKud  lil»  lonu  inurlyraom  by  tomu- 
biiwklMB  lilni,  anil  Uit  liU  body  a  black  ami  nnilitflcd  mu«*." 


'd  to  f1ln(-'H. 
iiiiiiiiii  iitur- 

(iini  of  I  his 
iii'd  ill  <lilo 
i  iinioti^r  tho 
irIiH',  fiiitli, 
tver  Ihiiikiii 
liiiiiK  .'l:il 
«'Xi>r«'ssi(»ti, 
j(l  snlTfiiii,t;H 

WOllti,   illUN- 

tle  lirt'lx'ul! 
^  fmni  tlio 
iiiiiiitcJ  tiiat 
•('(I,"'  says  a 
•I!  a  saint  is 
(«r  scarcliiiij; 
•ai'cly  scaicli 
ly  is  iiiiiiutr- 
iiK'H  even  (f» 
jcsty  or  won 
iccds  saintli- 
Ucd  tasto  to 
o  those  who 


t  vpnorntinn  lit  Que 
iiHtrlons  mnrtyr-ml»- 

.1  111)  Mii'iirxtiliiy  ; 
iiurljrUom  by  toiua- 


r.\Tiii:K  wijRr.w  wiiiTr..  s.  j. 

tiil:  Ai'usiTLi:  of  .MAIIYI.AND.' 


C'lIArTisH  [. 

Tin:    KAUI.Y    I.IKK   OF   A    YOlNU    IMIIFST   I\  TIIK  SF.VKX- 
TKFNTII    (  KNTt  ItY. 

l)ah-  nf   \//>i/rs-  hirlh-  TIh'    Niiuhnid  <;('  Ihrw  vrnhirhs 
tlfln  -/'i/srt'i/ffoll  iiiitl  iiilthcru     Litllf  hinnrii  of  \Vlilh'.s 

i'<l>hf    i/varii-     His    hiillir   n/iir<i/inii "/'o/'''"//'    "    ''"'" 

ipoi'd  and  ff  inH'NO/iii'     Yotnif/  Wliid    <tl   lh,>i(i(i     iiv- 

turns  homo  ii  priisl HikjIhihI  os  a  /iriisl  hinitir  -Fa- 

thrr  ]\7ti/rs  hdiiixliiiitnl  -  I'hitrrs  (hi  ti,>vi,hj  uf  .Ivhiii^-^ 
LiiUorx  as  d  profoisur  in  rarioits  iniviisidtfi—iiis 
f/ri-at  Icantiiid. 

W,«  must  go  l)ark  tlnvc  cciitiinos.  Soiiif  time  in  the  year 
157'.)  tliere  was  l)orn  in  Lon<l<»n.  Kngland.  a  eiiild  wliose 
name  was  destined  to  become  familiar  in  tl:e  annals  of  Mary- 
hmd  and  to  shine  briixhtly  in  the  pages  of  American  his- 
tory. It  was  a  sadly  (iiri(<us  period.  For  a  thousand  years 
England  had  been  ('atholic.  Catholics  had  created  Oxford 
and  Canibridge,  and  made  Hngland  a  nation,  lint  now  all 
rvas  charged.  A  \w\\  Iielief  sucbh'uly  sprang  into  existence, 
and.  in  the  name  of  the  liible  and  the  Ten  Commandments, 
Catholics  weie  robbed  of  tlieir  rights  and  thei:-  possessions, 


i;hi,.f  luitlK.rliii  H  us.(l:  FiitliiT  Wlilif,  M,  J.,  "  Holiit!n  Itl'i.  ri-  In  Mnrylmiillnm;-  The  Vniled 
Stat,:  r,tl/,/>r,-  .U.i!l<i:lu,,\»U.ii  mn\7;  Th-  iKUv,,'.'\t(W  Vol.1.  S,  K.  Sir.clrr.  "  rapuw 
IM«tln«  I,.  Il.o  Kurlv  Hl-mry  of  MarylmHl:-  J.  (t.  Sh....  -  H^Crv  nf  x\w  Catlmllr  Mission,  m 
the  rnito.1  Stales;"  J.  McSluTry.  "  UMon  of  Marylaii.l;-  '  A  r<'l.»l"r  HiMory  of  lliu  Catholic 
Church  lu  thu  Vnltcd  StuU-,"'  aud  bcvttul  other  «  a.kn. 

431 


li 


Hy  F.iri.'/iii  /..v/'/.'v»*  H7//m  >  / 

j!inl  I ;  rs««('uU'il  llUf  «iUI  lM'u«»t!«i  of  liii'  \\il<lt  riu>«(N.  Wo 
Hl;ini'»"  .11  iliat  ltiiil»iU'MiN  iim'.  anil  !li»'  imIihI  »!•  Ki'Ii-^,  Kli^Ji- 
li*n)i,  til*'  iibit',  vil«>.  iiiipKriuiit,  iiiid  illv^iiintiii**  iiiii^iilfr  of 
Ilniiry  VIM.,  r»'l:iii't).     MuUmh  .IuiIus.m  xoltl  iIm' h-liKUnidf 

.IfsiiH  (!htist  U)r  pi h  uI'    iKtiiry  titi)l  !«•"•••>  of  iiioiiiiiHlit'  soil. 

A  |»ock.«t  lilling  /.<'ul  iiiuv»mI  thi>  n. tinny.  Sinil»'^i«MiN 
\\r»Mrli»'«4,  m»  to  HjH'tik,  hnni^ht  hill**  uf  ilainii,  «s  ngiiUiHt 
AIniiMlity  <^nl;  «i><l  Un:iv«'f«,  MctMinilrrls,  and  iiposfnfi's  nindf 
Wiw  on  tlif  holy  I'ailli  of  tlicir  fiitlifis.  'Hii'<  'vas  Kn^^land 
in  iIm'  yoijii^'  ilajs  ul"  Andn-w  Wiiilf,  lliv  Inluv*'  'A[ntMfl«» 
of  .Mi!i\land.*' 

Of  liiH  jian'HtH  or  I'arly  yt'ius  we  know  ni»xt  to  notliinK 
'i'iiMt'  has  destroyed  the  ii-coid,  if  iiiiN  •'V»'r  i-xistt'd.  Hiil, 
V..'  can  lasily  iinajiln*'  liow  Andr«'\v  W'ldh'  was  l»roii^dit  up. 
]u  finise  unhappy  days,  tlu'iv  wcr**  no  Cailiolic  mIkmiIm  for 
OiMiolh'  rhildicn  tr  attend  Piotestant  Mn^dand  infoitned 
the  Catholic  that  for  him  kt\o\vlt'd>,n«  was  foiWiddcu  frnil, 
Catholic  piir.'nts  were  iln'ivroro  olilif^cd  to  educate  their 
rliiidii"!  in  ?<"'.'ret  in  the  hosoni  of  fheirown  fanjilies.  The 
lirni  faith,  (he  tender  piety,  and  the  nntiririg  zeal  which 
HO  heaniifidly  illushate  ilie  whole  life  of  Father  White, 
may  well  waiiai'.t  n.s  in  supposini;  that  in  his  youth  he  re- 
ceived under  the  paleirial  roof  and  in  secrecy  and  c(»nceal- 
inent— whi'li  in  those  tini»>s  wore  only  a  prec.irious  jjrotec- 
tiiMi  fi.nn  tin  ki'e.M'y  ci  tyranny -a  fhorouy,hly  Catholic 
jiijd  profouiidiy  leiiyions  trainini;  from  his  v.oitliy  paients. 
j<y  tht  hnvsof  ,;p(»siate  Kn;;land,  "Papi.st^"'  forfeiied  s'Am 
nion'.h,  if  tl'.ey  ediicat»*d  their  j-hildren  ar  hf)nie;  if  iluy  sent 
111' n:  iii>i():<d  to  a  Catholic  schocd,  rln-  forfeitur    wa.s  Ai^OO, 

•  \Vi'  iiixiti  l':ln  »K>'il  niiTily  to  ni  irk  il.  ftiiil  plN.v  mt*  licol  tipoti  It.    I'  lip'onu*  to  tti*  cnnrne 

vninliiiliiry  of  w-cinriiin  hliiik'.'niinlUni  "  P.iiii-t,"  "  roi>-h,"  '•|'o|"'''y."  "  "'""i'ti.  '  "  Honiiiii. 
I^l,"'  Jloiiiiiii'mii."  Thi'-"  ofTiii-in'  lcrm/<  'ViT*  fornuTly  upplifrt  lo  <'\iliolir*  liy  Miclf  virulent 
P,iilc'"laiit  piT-rculi)!-.'.  Tlir  ^;imi' rnlio'v  H'lil  ii!M  ■.il.urrii  >.pirit  tiui;  p  i.liii' d  the  pi  mil  liiwi 
y.!\\r  llii'  M  rill  llil:*  n;iiiii.'ri'l  lirood  of  rat.'''  I.  l>l)ori^h  \voi.l».  '  I'apl»i  '  was  flr-l  iiiril.  It  l«  nM, 
'.)■  Marlui  l-iilliiT  an  n  nirkiianu' fur  Cailiolir-.  llif  oilifrc.  l|  ipiHirK,  hiti*.  llioir  origin  In  linn- 
lam'.  lli('  till.  writiT  V  lio  rloilicH  liiH  iilia..  In  ciirh  Icminnlin;)  to  Jay  lomlly  proclalnH  hie  own 
hail  ta»ti'.  Mu'Diry,  anil  vul),'arlty.  Snih  woriN  i.ri-  outia-li'  llli  riiry  cyi-Hon-*  -'orhi'lilrn  allkii 
liy  111  irli-Y.  .jnnil  Tni-i.,  ochnlariihlp,  nnil.  alinvc  nil.  ili.i-.iiir  •  n."  ntylr.  Thlnc"  ami  ptT>niin 
Hhoulil  111' 1  alli'il  liy  .heir  rlalit  nanif^.  Enn"ii  I'paili'  ►!.  m;!(I  ,w  railed  n  npaile;"  anil,  wlllt 
miii'h  L'reaier  reanon.  ii  Cailinllr  slinnlil  he  cullud  a  Catholic.  If  wu  do  not  ai>k  more  tliuu  tliU,  ut 
louKt  Ai'  cliall  1)1' Huti-jlvd  with  uo  low. 


1 


FATmm  .[sniiKw  whitk.  v  / 


43!T 


rrnf'*H.  Wn 
ifris,     KHv.a- 

.ItlllMltl*'!'  I'f 

KdlMNtif  Mull. 

Sinil»'Kl«»u« 
il^CH  ngtiiiiMt 

vas  Dn^'Iaiul 

l!«'      'A|KWtl») 

to  iiofliin/^ 
xlst.'d.  IJiit 
broiiKiit  lip. 
•  M'IkmiIm  fur 
11(1  iiifuiiiH'd 
>iii«l<'ii  fniil, 
iliuah'  tli«'ir 
tiiilirs.  The 
e  7rt\\  wliirli 
flier  ^N'liitf, 
yoiilli  III'  IV- 

.'111(1    COllCt'tll- 

riuiis  ])r(if('c- 
lily  (':itli(ilic 
lliv  p!! rents, 
nl'eiied  s',{t  a 
;  if  tluy  sent 
m  was  wr)()i), 

lio'onm  tri  ttn  rnnne 
ll.im;«li,'  ■•  Itimmn- 
ir*  hy  Mull'  virulent 
II   il  thr  |i< mil  liitvi 

I  flr-t  iifiil.  It  I"  i-iild, 
llioir  origin  In  I:iim- 

ly  procliiJHH  IiIk  own 
re*  -'orl)i'l<li>n  nllko 
Thiiii;"  hihI  |nT>nn« 

II  fimili;"  iinil.  hIiIi 
^k  mori'  tliuu  tliU,  at 


nml  •••Im»  f'lilMien  llielMwlvr;»  WHnMllsable.l  Tl'iDm  illlielilinjX, 

p.iirliiiNliitx.   ui'   ••njoyinK  any   laiul,  pmllis.  .'^ootlf,   «li'l»t», 

•  IlllieS,  |e;^!M'ieM,   ul'Mlllts  ul    IIK  Hey  "       Hut    Hie  pel^erllt idrjH 
(if   tlie   cniel     lei;;i|    uf    l')li/.:il)el  II    ilt<l     hut     llel<>|     tlie     IM>M<' 

yoiMiLC  Willi*'   from  aMpnliii;  lu  the    ««a('ii>it  iiiliihiiy,  ;»ii(l 
M(>ckiii^  the  fuiiiit  i»r  l\iio\vl"iluii  ill  iiHtiaiip'  larnl, 

Hy  lli»'  /eiiluf  Ihe  idoiH  and  learned  ('.iilioi'r  iiiofeHsoi'M 
n  lio  were  ImniHlit  d  fnun  OxTord  iiiid  e»>peei!iily  tin*  fjnniuiM 
('aiilili:d  Alien  iin  l'".ii;f|isli  ('u||e;;e  wan  e^^liil'li-lied  ni 
Doiiay  in  I '>)iS.  The  (Jatlndio  Mtndents  of  ({ffiit  Miitain  n>r 
ntuirly  two  ceiitiirii'M  and  a  lialf  dhti  ttd  tl.i  ir  Mteps  ti»  this 
fainoiis  itistilntiuii.  Here  the  tlaiiie  of  faitli  wmm  iioiirixlied, 
Ul'il  tholi^hlof  know  le(l;,^e  .'-Ik  lite,  when  all  was  hi^otiy  and 
leli^ioiiH  daiknesH  in  the  onre  railiolk*  land  of  Knghind  — 
the  lioine  of  the  holy  IJede,  the  jU'ieiit  Alfred,  and  ih? 
(lanntless  I'mtr  tir  l.imi.  Here  were  trained  'hose  liands  uf 
devotdt  priests  who  loldlylaid  down  their  lives  in  lalioriiiK 
to  n>Mtoiit  the  true  I'\i)ili  ainoni;  their  unhappy  country- 
men.  Here  (iiir  ('ailn»lir  Milil*' was  translated  into  Mn^disli. 
Here  lln<  vvjsj  tind  learned  Alban  Hiith'r,  author  of  tho 
"Tiivcsof  the  Saints.'-  n-ceived  his  ecliieation.  And  here, 
likewise,  the  fiitnic  Apo-'tleof  Maryland  ciiriie.stly >iiidied, 
and  lal)ored  to  prepare  liitnself  for  the  duties  ut  his  high 
and  holy  calling. 

Father  Whiti^  was  ordained  alioid  tlie  year  Ifln.').  As  n 
Heciilar  ])riest,  lie  returned  to  l-ai^ilaiid,  and  l)c;ian  to  liilior 
oil  the  Londun  mission.  Hut  as  the  jienal  laws  were  lijuddly 
enforr«d,  it  was  netessnry  to  tenqier  zeal  with  the  iitnio,.t 
prudence.  Yet,  In  spite  of  ail  precautions,  his  sacred  char- 
acferwas  discovered.  The  fierce  Midiaw  k,  rjumiiiir  the  forest;* 
of  New  Y'(a'I;,  was  not  more  ea;:er  !ind  skillful  nii  an  ene- 
my's trail,  I  hail  the  fanatical  .ind  l)!irl);irous  government  of 
Kii;;lan(l  in  .s»arcli  of  a  Catholic  priest.     And  In  truth  tho 


'  Of  llii-  I'SUnl  of  il\i'  p:c  y  nml  rnpnrUy  of  the  men  who  rook  the  ))'i:rr»  <if  llio  ))anl»hi'(I('i>th- 
ollr  piDlc-Kor-,  II  l«  (inlj  mirhi-ury  fo  Iiiim' Ihi-  t>-imi(>nv  "t  Aiillin  Wociil.  In  lii- "IIMory 
and  A-iiiqiilli.'"  nf  ilic  riih<'r«i  y  of  Oxrnrd.  '  W.iiil  ntntci  ihiit  In  I.M'.l-  tlic  llfili  ji'urDf  iln! 
rt''i.'n  of  Kli/iiU'th— thoie  v.erv  but  tht-^e  ihcoljglHii*  iii  Oxford  riij'at>:i'  ( t  prviulilny  UM'rnion  lu 
public! 


If 


humanity  ..f  th-  Amrrlraii  IrMliati  .•ompur.'H  v.-ry  fuvoml.ly 
^^ith  tl.ur  uf  \ho  Vroivnuiut  Hrltoii.  'lli.^  «utiu.  y.nir  tliut 
Fiifli.fi'  Wl.lf  M'tuni.-a  to  Knghuul  ricm  Doiu.y,  ll..-  «alut  y 
iKM.l  aii.l  .I.'HiiU,  SoufUvN.-li;  Nvus  brulally  luituiv.l  ou  llio 
rack  fru  .lijrnnd  tim,s,  aiul  litmlly  r^.rutr.l  uitli  tli.'  must 
rt.v.,ltln«  <T.i.'ltl..M.  Au.l  why<  I'N.r  th..  uiipataunul.K, 
rHmii  (.f  lu-liiK  ii  Cutliullr  lU-iKViuaii! 

lu  Id  KV  w..  till  I  tliM  natu.^  of  Kallur  \N  l.lto  Itiu  Iht  cf  lu  fy^ 
M.v.Mi  prl.'sls  ssUo,   fioMi  .llir-.vnt    pHs.uiH.  v>.r..  M«i.t    Into 
.....iHtMal   lMuisl.in..nl.     huiUu  ll>«'  tu\\iAs\uit  y.'i«r  ho  ap- 
pll.Ml  f.na.l.iiisHl.m  Int..  th-  S.Miofy  of  .)msu>*;  Nvnt  tliiuii^li 
Ills  novlllatH  of  tw.»  yais  at   I..Mivalu;  an<l  a^uln  tvfnnir.l 
to  Iv.iv'laiitl.  wli.Mv  for  M;»:n'>  tiiu.«  li»'  ialu.ivd  a«*  a  misMou. 
.  ry     T'oi-  th"   pri«Ht,    liouvv.-r,   who  ivfuiiutl   t(»  Kii>:lan<l 
uflHi'  iKiuishrii.-at,  th.»   ppnalty   was   .h-alh.     l-allM-f  Whit.* 
\vi\H  In  cnHtunt  p-iH.     Hut  l»'^  was  Hr...ti  ivrall.a  to  Hi"  (  or;- 
tin.'Ut,  an.l  son\  loMpini  iih  a  tutor  to  K.mlhli  CalUoUc  ^*tH- 
.l.'Mts    who   r.'ivivv.l    111    two   or   tliiv.'   s..ti.iiiaii.-s   hi   t!iaf, 
nmMt"ryan»"lii.Mtioii  t  Mpi.ilify  th.-m  f.-r  ila-MumMl  n.iuls- 
try  hi  th.'ir  natlvv  hin.l.     Wliil"  in  Spain,  ii-  HlL-.i  tl .'  pro- 
ff'ssorsliipH  of  M-iii)tmv,  srliolaslic  th.'oI(.-y,  aiwl  Ih'l.ivw. 
Hr  h.rain.*  a    prnr-xs.-l   .[.■suit    in    iniD.     Tit-   pious   an<l 
accomplisli.Ml  s.-hoiar  aft.-rwards   taiiirlif    divinity    lirst   at. 
Lonvain,  and  tli-n  at   r.ip.L.^'.  in  IVl-ium.     H-'  i^  th'siTilK-.l 
ns  "a  man  of  lransc«'n<h'nt  talfiils." 

~'r„ihrr  Hoiifhw.-n.  n.  ,1..  lui-  tl...  in.rK  ..f  l-l..-'  tl,..  f..,..i.l.r  ..f  III.'  nu.  I.m  r-'ll.-i....-  p".  try  -t 
tho  KugiUli  luiiKiiiiKU, 


PIE 


i>ry  fiiviinilily 

y,  llif  sjilutly 
itiir«>'t  oil  I  III) 
witli  tlif  iiio.st 
tiitpuiiloimlilo 

u  list  (if  I'v.rfy- 

,«•!«'   frUt     Into 

I  yi'Mi"  lit'  np- 
went  tlil<tii;;ll 
pilii  n-fuiiifl 
ii**  a  nii>-»i<>ii- 
(I  t(»  Kii^ilmul 
FiiiIkt  \Vlilt.» 
cit  |o  lilt'  Cor:- 

I   ('jllJMtlU'  Stl(- 

i:iri<>s  Iti  tiiat. 
•  Miu'r«'«l  iniiils- 
fill.-.l  th'  prn- 
,  find  Ili'l>ic\v. 
'ht>  pious  iiikI 
iiiily  Mist  at 
Ic  i>4  dcsc'i'ilH'il 


Icm  rill'-'liiif  pen  try  cif 
IK  vif  Ihc  nul  rillnirn of 


ClIAI^TFU  It. 

TltK   VdVAOr  TO    MAHVI.ANn 

T/h  yriri'iilhofirt'nlitiift  Tin  "Aih"  if  lit/  f/ii  •  lU>n'  Sit  it 
JrniH  Ihi'  /"/'■  ''/  ^y'o.lfil  Th'  "Jiihilio  I'hnrh  //* 
Mill' ifhnul him,"  Huh  '-Tin  mn,  tin'  s,n,  Hii>  ofutt, 
mil"  -  h'tiif  Iff  III '■  Till  ItH  A  I'in/i  III  filiiiiii  Till  "l)i>rr' 
Ihoiiiihl  lo  liiii'i  prriHhi'l  A  iliiiiiljiil  h  iiijxsf  iiiul  Fa- 
llnr    WliHi'n  }HiiHir      Sitiis/tiiir   nil    tin    sni      A    /'lOl'l 

(Ic/ifiitf  hiihhiil  ~Th'  FlijiiKj  l'"ix1i  Till  hh  of  Ihir 
hiiilniH  Ihlini'iinir  /'null  n  iirw  (/niiifi  Ciihlniii'  IHO 
fill  hiijh  Till-  Hniii>  liii'  Till  iiiiii  iil>i'l<  Miiliiliiiii' 
null  Us  irilil  iinii  TItit  "  Ciiihuii'-ii"  MmilMiriiil  iiii4 
Us  "  N.i'.liK  u/'  i'hhC'—Coiiiifnif  nl  SI.  i'lirixInjthn'H-' 
A  .siil^iliiii-oiw  iiioniilitin  Tin  liirii.il  Ijir  -^'tdiitiff 
I  In'  I' ml. 

Fufli.'i-  Whlt««  was.nof  Miinply  a  Iraifwd  iiwhi  and  a  ^'ood 
prUst.  n<'  was  ninr.>.  Ifi'  was  an  aposllc  full  nf  zral  for 
tilt'  ^lory  of  <<<>d  and  tin-  .salvation  ol  houIs.  and  lif  was 
soon  to  toil  in  a  new  atnl  rich  li''l«l,  vJu'tv  noiu'  had  lahoml 
l)..foiv  him.  At  this  time,  tlu*  CallKiHc  l>»nl  Halliiiioi«'\va« 
niatuiinK  th»' nob) '  iih'ii  of  founding' a  colonN  in  AiiK-rica 
nH  a  rcfii;,'.'  f<»r  his  pi  r.M'cutt'd  co.rclijrionisis.  The  tt-nitory 
granted  by  Chailc  I.  ft.r  this  j  iirposf  was  named  Mary- 
land. Lord  Haltitnore  niado  nppllcatic.n  tf)  th»'  (u-nmil  of 
tho  Society  of  .Icsu.s  for  some  Katlicrs  to  attend  to  tlit>  spir- 
!ti  al  wantsof  the  CjiMioru' planters  and  settlers,  and  to  labor 
f(.r  th'^  conversion  of  the  Indians.  For  this  niissic.n,  Fa- 
ther White  was  selected  as  Snpeik  r.  His  companions  were 
Father  John  Altham.  and  two  lay  brothers  of  the  Society 
—Thomas  Gervaso  and  John  Knowles. 

435 


430 


FATHER  ASnUKW  WHITE,  .«?.  J. 


Two  siiiiill  vessels  nainod  tlie  Ark  and  tho  Tion''  woro  fit- 
ted out  lor  tht'  expedition;  and  alumt  two  hundred  enii- 
fj;niiils,  nemly  all  of  whom  were  Catholif's  and  f,'enllenien  ui 
fortune  and  respectability,  prepared  to  cross  the  Atlantic, 
desiring'  to  fly  from  the  black  s])irit  of  intolerance  which 
])ervaded  Kn-Jiland,  and  to  rear  np  their  altars  in  freedom  in 
th"  wilderness.  Loid  Haltimore  ajipointed  his  l)rother, 
Leoiinrd  Calverl,  Governor  of  Marylatid,  and  to  him  Avas 
given  command  of  the  expedition.  "  It  was  a  mighty  un- 
dertaking," says  McSherry.  "standing  out  in  history  as  an 
era  in  the  progress  of  matdvind.'' 

Fortunately,  the  interesting  narrative  of  the  voyage  was 
told  by  Father  White  himself;  and  the  graphic  picture  has 
n>t  been  lost  to  Instory  and  literature."  "On  the  L>:2d  of 
Xovendier,"  he  writes,  "in  the  year  lO:]',],  being  St.  Ce- 
cilia's day,  we  set  sail  from  ('owes,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight, 
with  a  gentle  <'ast  wind  blowing.  Aftei-  committing  the 
principal  parts  of  the  ship  to  the  protection  of  God  espec- 
ially, and  of  llis  Most  Holy  Mother,  and  St.  Ignatius,  and 
all  the  guardian  angels  of  Maryland,  avc  sailed  on  a  lit- 
tle Avay  between  the  two  shores,  and  the  wind  failing  us,  we 
stopped  opiiosite  Yarmouth  (.'astle.'  Here  we  were  received 
with  a  che'^rful  salute  of  artillery.".  .  . 

"On  the  23d  of  November,"^  he  continnes,   "we  sailed 


' '  It  opponro  from  the  IlUlory  of  Ihe  I'ltiteil  States,  l>y  Ilancroft.  Ilmt  the  ship  ppokcn  of  wits 
niimccl  thi'  Aik,  liiit  thiit  tho  sm:illcri>iH'  wiw  mil'  il  tlic  />)'V'.  II  dii^'-'  nut  sccrii  to  nnvc  hi'cn  by 
nicrn  chuiirv  th;it  t\w  Pilnriin-".  h  li;);n  hcr.'-iy  hiK  forci'il  to  cNpiilrinti'  thomsolvos.  cmtiMrki'!!  in 
thp  Arko(  N'oah  and  the  //Jce  lifiil  forth  liy  tliu  Patriarcli.'"— .li/HO/a.'io.ifs  A'otes  in  "Iltlallo 
Jlineri^'." 

'  Tills  Is  tho  '•  liclalln  ftjiiiri^  in  Mary'andiam,"  or  Xarrntlvc  of  a  Voyapo  to  Maryland.  It 
was  written  hy  Father  White  al)o!it  a  month  after  \\U  arrival  in  Maryland,  and  addre^'^ed  to  tlie 
General  of  the  Soeii'ty  of  JesiH,  to  nlioni  it  wa'*  sent  a«u  iettiT,  Tor  lliree  liundred  yeiirs  lhi'< 
preoions  dorninent  re»viiieed  unknown  to  t'le  world.  lint  "almiit  the  year  UV!-;,  Itev.  M'illiani 
MfSlierry.S.  J.,  diseovered  in  liie  arrhives  of  the /^).'«7<  Vmi'i^m^t  the  Society  in  Itonie,  the 
originals  oi  the  MSS.  He  ran  fully  eopied  these  MSS.,  and  placed  tiio  copies  in  the  l.ilirary  of 
Georgetown  College,  I).  ('..  of  which  Institntion  he  afterwards  liecamo  the  linnored  Tresident." 
This  MS.  has  been  foveral  times  printed;  uiid  ns  recently  as  IHTt  a  fine  edition,  witli  a  liieral 
En^llsn  translation  was  carefiillr  edited  t)y  H"v.  Dr.  K.  .\  Darlyniple.  and  printed  liy  John  Mur- 
phy, Daltimore,  Md.  To  Mr.  Mnrpl.)"»  kind  conrtesy  tho  writer  is  indebted  for  a  copy  of  this 
last  edition  of  the  ''  lictatio." 

'  Varmouth  Castle  was  near  the  southern  end  of  ;he  Li",  of  Wight. 

<  The  pioua  priest  remarks  that  It  was  St.  Clement'a  Daj. 


i 


FATHER  ASDUEW  WI/fTE,  S.  J. 


im 


ove^  were  i\t- 
uiitlnMl  cnii- 
[fcnllciiu'ii  tji 
tli<>  Atliintir, 
Timet;  wliicli 
1  freedom  in 
liis  l)nttlier, 
to  liini  was 
uiifihty  un- 
liistury  ay  an 

^  voyntje  wjis 
'  i)ietme  lias 
I  the  i>3a  of 
ohv^  St.  Ce- 
e  of  Wi-lir, 
imittiiijj;  tin; 
God  espec- 
gnatins,  and 
led  on  a  lit- 
'ailln;L?  ns,  we 
vere  received 

,   'Sve  sailed 


!  ship  ppokcn  of  wft» 
ccrii  to  ti:iv('  lii'cn  by 
isolvos,  (Miilmrki'!l  in 
es  Xul(8  in  "Jltlatlo 

gc  to  MaryliiiKl.  It 
ind  nd<lr('!'''i'il  to  tlio 
r  liundri'ii  yctirs  tlii'* 
r  UV!-;,  Itcv,  M'illiutu 
•iocii'ly  in  Koine,  tlic 
lies  in  tlic  Library  of 
linnori'd  rrrsidciit." 
ditiiin,  witli  n  litiril 
)rintc(l  l)y  Jol;ii  Mur- 
ed for  a  copy  of  this 


past  a  nnml)or  of  roeks  near  the  end  of  the  Iwle  of  Wei<,dit, 
wliicli,  fi'oni  their  sliajie,  are  called  the  Needles.  'I'liesi' aie 
a  tt-rior  to  sailors,  on  acconnt  of  (he  donlile  tide  of  tliesea, 
which  whiils  away  tin;  ships,  dashinj,'  them  against  the 
rocks  on  the  one  side,  or  the  ntMghboring  shore  on  the 
other. 

"Early  the  next  day  (Monday),  about  nine  o'clock,  we 
left  behind  us  (he  western  promontory  of  England  and  (lit* 
Scilly  Isles,  and  sailing  easily  on,  we  directed  our  course 
nior<'  towards  the  v.est,  luissing  over  the  Hritish  Cliannel. 
Vet  we  tlid  not  hasten  as  much  as  we  could  have  done,  fear- 
ing if  w(;  left  tlu^  piunaei''  too  far  behind  us  that  it  would 
Itecome  (h(*  prey  of  the  Turks  and  pirates  who  generally 
infest  that  sea. 

"It  came  to  pass,  that  a  fine  merchant  ship  of  six  hun- 
dred tons,  named  the  Drof/oH,  wliile  on  her  way  to  Angola, 
from  London,  overtook  us  about  three  o'clock  in  tiie  after- 
noon. And  as  we  now  liad  time  to  enjoy  a  little  pleasure, 
after  getting  out  of  danger,  it  was  delightful  to  see  these 
two  ships,  \vi(h  fair  weather  and  a  favorable  wind,  and  a  great 
noise  of  trump"4s,  trying  for  a  whole  hour  to  outstrip  eacii 
other.  Our  ship  would  have  beaten  the  Droffon,  though 
we  did  not  use  our  topsail,  if  we  had  not  been  obliged  to 
stop  on  account  of  tlie  pinnace,  whidi  was  slower;  and  so 
we  yielded  the  palm  to  (he  merchant  ship,  and  she  sailed 
by  us  before  evening,  and  passed  out  of  sight. 

"On  Sunday,  tlie  24th,  and  Monday,  the  S.lith  of  Xovem- 
ber,  we  had.  fair  sailing  all  tlie  time  nntil  evening.  But 
presently,  fiW.  wind  getting  round  to  the  north,  such  a  ter- 
rible storm  arose,  that  the  merchant  ship  I  s^ioke  of,  from 
London,  being  driven  back  on  her  course, ,  returned  to 
England.  Those  on  board  our  pinnace,  since  she  was 
only  a  vessel  of  fortt/  tons,  began  to  lose  contidence 
in  her  strength,  and  sailing  near,  they  warned  us,  that  if 
(liey  apprehended  shipwreck  they  would  notify  us  by 
hanging  out  lights  from  the  mast-head.     Wo  meanwhile 


438 


FATHER  AXUI{h:\y  WHITE,  S.  J. 


A 


sailed  on  in  our  strong  ship  of  /ui/r  Imndred  tons. 
Di'tfci-  could  not  be  built  of  wood  and  iron. 

"\V«  had  a  very  skillful  captain,  and  so  1ih  was  given  his 
clioi(v,  whether  he  would  return  to  Kn^dand,  or  keep  ou 
.strui-iilin.i;'  with  the  winds.  If  he  yielded  to  these,  the 
Irish  shore  close  by  awaited  us.  It  is  noted  for  its  hidden 
roL'ks  and  many  shipwrecks.  Jiut  our  captain's  bold  spirit, 
and  his  desire  to  test  the  strength  of  the  new  ship,  which  he 
i:i:ina<;-.nl  for  tin-  lirst  tinii',  triumphed.  He  resolved  to  tiV 
the  sea,  though  he  confessed  that  it  was  the  more  dangt-r- 
ous  on  account  of  its  being  so  narrow. 

''The  dangt'r  was  near  at  hand.  The  winds  increased,  the 
sea  grew  more  bolstei'ous,  and  w(?  could  see  the  pinna<'e  in 
the  distance,  showing  two  lights  at  her  mast-h(>ad.  Then, 
indeed,  we  thought  it  was  all  ov»^r  with  her,  and  that  she 
was  swallowed  up  in  the  deej)  whirlpools.  In  a  moment 
she  passed  out  of  sight.  No  news  of  her  reached  us  for 
months  afterwards.  Accordingly,  we  were  all  of  us  cer- 
tain the  pinnace  was  lost;  yet  God  had  better  things  in 
store  for  us,  for  the  fact  was,  that  finding  herself  no  match 
for  the  violence  of  the  sea,  she  had  avoided  the  Virginian  ' 
Oeean— with  which  we  were  already  contending— and  re- 
turned to  England.  Making  a  fresh  start  thence,  she  over- 
took us  at  a  large  harbor  in  the  Antilles.'  And  thus  God, 
wlio  oversees  the  smallest  things,  guided,  protected,  and 
took  care  of  the  little  vessel! 

•'We  being  ignorant,  however,  of  her  safety,  were  dis- 
tressed with  grief  and  anxiety,  which  the  gloomy  night, 
tilled  with  manifold  terrors,  increased.  AVhen  day  dawned 
although  the  wind  was  against  us,  being  from  the  south- 
west, yet,  as  it  did  n  ,  blow  very  hard,  we  sailed  on  grad- 
ually'by  making  frequent  tacks;  so  Tuesday,  W.  dnesday, 
and  Thursday  passed  with  variable  winds,  and  we  made 
small  progress.  On  Friday  a  southeast  wind  prevailed,  and 
drove  before  it  thick  and  dark  :;louds.    Towards  evening  a 


>  The  Atlantic  Ocean. 

»  The  Dove  overtook  the  Ark  at  the  Island  of  Barbaitoos. 


FATHER  AyoRKW  WIHTJ:.  S.J. 


4:W 


'red  fan  ft.     A 

was  given  his 
J,  or  k<H'i>  on 
to  tlu^s»^  tho 
for  its  liidden 
i"s  i)ol(l  siiiiil, 
lii|),  wliicli  liH 
esolved  to  tiy 
more  datiger- 

increased,  the 
lie  pir.nai'e  in 
-liead.  Tlien, 
and  that  she 
In  a  moment 
cached  US  lor 
all  oi"  lis  cer- 
tter  things  in 
•self  no  match 
he  Virginian  ' 
ding — and  re- 
mce,  she  over- 
bid thus  God, 
protected,   and 

ety,  were  dis- 
glonmy  night, 
-n  day  dawned 
om  the  south- 
lailed  on  grad- 
,',  Wt  dnesday, 
and  we  made 
prevailed,  and 
,ards  evening  a 


ilreadful  tempt^st  broke  fortli;  and  it  seemed  every  mlnii:e 
:is  if  we  would  he  swallowed  upliy  the  waves. 

"Nor  was  the  weather  more  promising  on  the  next  day, 
which  was  the  Festival  of  St.  Andrew,  the  Apostle.  The 
rionds,  ac.  uinulating  in  a  frightful  manner,  were  fearful  to 
))ehold;  and  excited  the  belief  that  all  the  malicious  spirits 
of  the  .storm  and  all  the  evil  genii  of  Maryland  iiad  come 
forth  to  iKittle  against  us.  Towards  evening  the  captain 
saw  a  snnlish  swimming,  with  great  efforts,  against  the 
course  of  the  sun,  which  is  ii  very  sure  sign  of  a  tei'rible 
storm.     Nor  did  the  omen  prove  false. 

"About  ten  o'clock  at  night,  a  dark  cloud  poured  foilli 
a  violent  shower.  Such  a  furious  hurricane  followed  chvs;-» 
npun  II,  fhat  it  was  necessary  to  run  with  all  speed  to  take 
in;<a!i;  and  this  <'ould  not  be  done  quickly  enough  to  pr-^ 
vent  the  main  sail  -the  only  one  we  were  cariwing  fiom 
being  torn  in  the  middle  from  top  to  bottom.  A  imrf  of  it 
was    blown  over    into    the  sea,    and   was    recovered   witli 

difliculty. 

"At  this  critical  moment,  the  minds  of  the  bravest 
among  us  were  struck  with  terror.  Tlie  sailors  acknowl 
edged  that  they  had  seen  other  ships  wrecked  in  a  less 
s^rere  storm;  but  this  liurricane  called  I'orth  the  prayers 
and  vows  of  the  Catholics  in  honor  of  the  JJlessed  \'ii'giu 
Mary,  and  her  Immaculate  Conception;  of  St.  Ignatius,  the 
patron  saint  of  Maryland;  St.  Michael,  and  all  the  guardian 
angels  of  the  same  country.  Each  one  hastened  to  purge 
his'^soul  by  the  sacrament  of  Penance.  All  conlidl  over  the 
rudder  being  lost,  the  ship  now  drifted  about  like  a  lish  in 
the  water,  at  the  mercy  of  the  winds  and  waves,  until  God 
showed  us  a  way  of  safety. 

"At  '.irst,  I  con  less.  I  had  been  engrossed  with  the  ap- 
prehension of  the  ship's  being  lost,  and  of  losing  my  own 
lif » ;  bat  after  I  hid  spent  som-  tim-*  in  praying  more  fer- 
vently than  was  my  usual  custom,  and  had  set  forth  to 
Christ  the  Lord,  to  ;he  Blessed  A'irgin,  St.  Ignatius,  and 
the  Angels  of  Maryland,  that  tlie  purpose  of  this  journey 
was  to  glorify  the  Blood  of  oar  Redeemer  in  the  salvation 


FATHER  Ay  DREW  WHITE,  S.  J. 


of  lnirl)arianfi  and  alsotoraiso  vip  a  Kingdom  for  our  Lord— 
if  Ho  would  rcnili'si'end  to  prcsper  our  poor  ♦■fTorts  to  con 
socratc  anorh"'^' jrit't  to  the  lintincuhiro  \'iri;in,  His  Mother, 
au'l  ni:iny  tliu'^s  t(»  the  svn^  eir-cr,  f,nvat  rouifort  shoiui 
in  ui)ou  niy  so'.il,  and  at  the  sanr^  tiuie  so  lirni  a  conviction 
that  we  shoul(s  liMMlelivered.  not  only  from  this  storm,  but 
frcMUHvcryoth  'i'diirinijithatvoyaiiv,  that  with  nic  thtnvcouhl 
!)(>  no  room  loil  for  (U)ubt.  i  liad  bt'taktui  niysell  to  prayer 
when  the  sea  -vas  ra,i;in<,'  at  its  worst ;  and— may  tliis  l^e  to 
the  glory  of  '5od— I  had  scarcely  tinished  when  they  ul)- 
Kprved  that  tJie  storm  was  abatiiiu;.  That,  in  truth,  brought 
Rie  to  a  new  frame  ol"  mind,  and  lllled  me,  al  the  same  time, 
witli  great  joy  and  adnuration,  since  I  understood  much 
more  clearly  th.-  greatness  ol'  God's  love  towards  the  people 
<»f  Maryland.  Kternal  praises  to  the  most  sweet  gracious- 
ness  of  the  Rcsli-emer  I 

'•After  this  sudden  abatement  of  the  storm,  we  had  de- 
lightful wea^i'S  for  thre(^  months.  The  cai)taiu  aH<l  his 
men  declared  ihat  they  had  never  seen  it  calmer  or  nu)re 
pleasant,  for  sKm  even  for  a  single  hour  did  we  sulVer  any 
inconvenience.  When  1  speak  of  three  nuuit lis,  however, 
1  do  not  meat)  to  say  that  we  were  that  long  at  sea;  but  in 
this  1  include  the  whole  voyage,  and  al.'-o  the  time  we 
stopped  at  the  Antilles.  The  actual  voyage  occupied  only 
seven  weeks  and  two  days;  and  that  is  considered  a  (piick 
l)assage." 

Want  of  space  forbids  us  to  follow  the  venerable  writer 
in  his  minute  and  always  interesting  details  of  the  voyage. 
We  can  only  quote  a  passag(>  here  and  there.  Safe  from 
tjje  wrath  of  the  elements,  the  Catholic  Pilgrim  Fathers  of 
^[aryland  did  not  feel  entirely  out  of  danger.  The  Turk  at 
that  time  was  a  bold  fellow,  who  did  not  believe  in  being 
cooped  up  in  the  southeast  of  Europe,  "We  '  v*'," 
writes  Father  White,  "that  we  might  meet  with  ttieT,a-ks, 
yet  we  fell  in  with  none  of  them.  They  had  gone  home, 
perhaps,  to  celebrate  a  solemn  fast  which  took  phice  at 
that  season  of  the  year." 

Sailing  past  the  Straits  of  Gibraltar  and  the  Madeiras,  the 


J!F- 


rATIIKR        miEW  W1HTK,8,J, 


■141 


tr  our  Lord— 

'orts  \y)  con 
His  Mother, 
)inf()rt  shoiin 
a  conviction 
is  storm,  but 
ic  tlu'rtM'oiihl 
*ell  to  prayer 
;iy  this  W\  to 
hen  they  ob- 
■iitli,  brou.nht 
t?  saaie  tinii>, 
irstood  niucli 
(Is  the  i)eoi)le 
•eet  <,'racious- 

,  wo  had  dc- 
)tairi  and  his 
Inicr  or  morp 
vc  sulVt'r  any 
Ills,  liowevor, 
t  sea;  bnt  in 
tlie  time  Ave 
ccnpiivl  only 
Icri'd  a  qniclv 

lerable  writin* 
f  the  voyniro. 
'.  Safe  from 
m  Fathers  of 
Tlie  Turk  at 
itu>»  in  beinf? 
We  '■■  va," 
ith  ttie'^'ijrks, 
I  j>;on«'  5iome, 
took  phice  at 

Madeiras,  th« 


Aric  stood  towards  the  west.  The  jipix-arance  of  three  sum 
]»icionslookinii:  ships  howcvt-r.  caused  some  uneasiness:  I'or 
at  tliat  lime  l>i.' ocean  was  inl'estcd  with  pirates  and  I'lee- 
Itoofers.  But,  a(Uls  the  narrator,  liicy  "either  <'<)u!d  not 
overtalxf  us.  o"  d(l  not  wish  to  /ilve  chasi-."  Such  inci- 
dents k"pr  the  voyai^'e  free  froai  in(»iiofoiiy. 

"And  hi  ie  I  cannot  jKe^s  (»u,"  continues  the  Apostle  of 
Maryiiiiiil,  "without  praisinir  the  Divine  <;(K)dness.  whicli 
brin,i!,sii  to  pass  tliat  all  lhin','s  work  toj-cther  for  jiood  to  them 
that  love  (lod.  For,  if  iii"«'tin,u-  with  no  delay,  we  Ir.id  iu'-n 
allowed  to  sail  \\\  the  time  w  liad  ap[u)in!ed,  namely,  on  tlie 
l^iOtliol'  Au^iisr.  the  sun  bein^'  <in  this  side  of  the  (Mpuilor, 
and  striking  (h I \vn  vertically,  the  intense  heat  would  not  only 
have  luitied  our  pr*>visi()ns,  l)nt  would  have  l)rou<iht  disease 
and  death  upon  almost  all  of  us.  We  were  sav«'(l  by  <lelay, 
and  escaped  nusfortune  by  embarking  in  th«'  winter  linn-. 
If  you  except  the  usual  sea-sickness,  no  one  was  attacked 
by  any  disease  until  Christmas.  In  order  that  that  festival 
iiii/iht  be  better  kept,  wine  was  <j,iven  out;  and  ^^Jiose  wl.o 
drank  it  too  freely  were  seized  the  next  day  with'>a  fever. 
About  twelve  died,  among  whom  were  two  Catholics." 

Father  Wiiite  was  a  keen  observer,  and,  it  a])pears,  noihing 
escaped  his  trained  eye.  "  While  continuing  our  voyage."'  he 
wj'iies.  ''we  met  with  many  curious  things.  1  may  nu'Ulion 
flying  lisli.  which  sunetimes  swim  in  the  sea,  and  sometimes 
flv  up  in  the  air.  They  are  about  the  size  of  flounders,  or 
the  larger  giltheads,  and  very  nuu-h  resemble  these  in  tlu^ir 
delicious  tjavor.  A  hundred  of  them  rise  up  into  the  tur  at 
once,  when  dying  from  the  dolphins  which  ]iursue  them. 
Som.>  of  them*  fell  into  our  ship,  iheirwmgs  failing  them. 
In  one  flight  ;!iey  do  not  fly  over  a  greater  space  tluin  tAvo 
or  three  acres;  and  then,  because  their  tins  become  dried  in 
the  a':-,  they  plunge  into  the  water  again  and  venture  a 
second  time  into  the  air." 

The  voyagers  touched  the  Island  of  Barbadoes,  in  the 
West  Indies,  on  the  8d  of  January.  U".\\.  Here  they  met 
with  a  cold  reception.  "When  we  reached  this  island," 
observes  Father  White,   "we  had  hopo  of  securing  uu.uy 


f 


443 


hWTHER  AyniiFAv  wiini:.  5. ./. 


nrtick'sof  tnuV  from  the  Huj^lisli  iiihubitaiits,  nnd  frnrn  tlio 
(Jovcrnor,  who  was  sMir  ft'llosv-coiiiitiyiiiiiii  ;  l>ut,  i'mtuin;.'  ii 
cotnbiiialioii,  liny  (Iffrrmint'il  not  to  .s<'ll  lis  any  wheat  for 
iHNsthaii  livotiiiit's  the  usual  ratt'H.  They  had  no  boel"  or 
mutton  at  any  |ti'i<'t\" 

The  Almighty,  it  set-nis,  (]<'liv«'H'(l  theni  from  another  and 
a  greater  (huigeV.  '-The  .servants  ever  all  the  ishmd,"  con- 
tinues the  good  Jesuit,  "had  conspired  to  kill  tiieir  mas- 
ters. On  gaining  lil)  Tty  it  was  their  intention  to  seize  the 
lirst  ship  which  siiould  touch  there,  a'vd  venture  to  sea.  A 
cons[)irator,  I'rightfiud  l)y  the  aliocious  ciuelty  of  ilic  plot, 
disclosed  it;  and  ths-  punisliinrnt  of  one  of  the  loaders  was 
sufRcient  foi-  the  setniiity  of  the  island  and  our  own  safety. 
For  our  ship,  as  being  the  lirst  to  touch  there,  had  been 
marked  foi'  their  prey  ;  and  on  the  very  day  we  landed  we 
found  eight  hundred  men  in  arms  to  oppose  this  \vi»'k<d  de- 
sign, which  had  just  transpired." 

Of  the  irdiabitants  of  the  Harbadoes  and  the  natural  pro- 
ducts of  rhe  islands  Father  White  remarks:  "  Tu  winter  the 
inhabitants  w«'ar  lineuelothes  and  bathe  fiequently.  .  .  . 
Tlie  coarse  cloth  that  serves  them  for  a  bed,  is  skilfully 
woveK  out  of  cotton.  When  it  is  bedtime,  tliey  liang  this 
from  two  posts  one  at  each  end -and  sleep  in  it  ;  and  in 
tlie  daytime  they  caiiy  it  again  wherever  they  choose.  .  .  . 

"Tliereis  a  wonderful  kind  of  cabbage,'  whi<'li  has  a  stalk 
that  grows  one  hundred  and  eighty  feet  liigh.  It  is  eaten 
either  raw  or  boiled.  The  stalk  itself,  for  a  cubit's  length 
below  the  fiMiit.  is  considered  a  delicacy.  AVlien  eaten  ri«w, 
with  pi'Pl»ei',  it  excels  the  Sj)  misli  thistle  vartichoke).  And, 
indeed,  it  is  mucli  like  a  walnut  tree  that  has  been  strii)ped 
of  its  boughs.  The  immense  stalk  equals  the  size  of  a  very 
lai'ge  tree.     It  bears  only  one  cabbage. 

"There  is  also  to  be  seen  there  a  pretty  tall  tree  which 
they  call  the  soai)-tree.  The  grains  (or  seeds)  of  soap  are 
no  larger  than  hazel  nuts,  and  they  have  a  thick  mem- 
brane. Though  injurious  to  line  liu'^n,  they  are  said  to 
purify  and  cleanse  like  soap.     I  carried  some  of  these  seeds 

I  The  Cubb«Hc-tree,  or  Cabbage-Palm. 


FATHER  AyOUKW  WIllTK,  S.  J. 


443 


!i(l  from  tho 
f,  f'oi'ininir  ;i 
ly  wlic:\t  lur 
I  lu) beef  or 

jmotlier  imd 
slaiid,"  ron- 

I  tlieii-  iiiaM- 
t(»  seiz«'  tlie 

('to  seiv.  A 
of  llif  i)lot, 
loaders  uiim 
own  safely, 
e,  liad  ))een 
'e  landed  we 
s  wicked  do 

natnral  pro- 
n  winter  the 
nently.  .  .  . 
is  skillnlly 
ey  lian^';  this 
n  it  ;  and  in 
choose.  .  .  . 
h  has  a  .stalk 
It  is  eaten 
ubif  s  length 
'n  eaten  nnv, 
loke).  And, 
leen  stripped 
iizG  of  a  vovy 

II  tre(^  whicli 
of  soap  are 
thick  nieni- 

'  ai<.'  said  to 
)f  these  seeds 


with  mo  to  Maryland,  and   plant. ■<!  then,  hojdng  for  lree«« 
in  the  fntnre. 

"The  i»ine  apple  excels  all  the  other  fruits  that  1  have 
tasted  anywhere  else  in  the  world.  It  is  of  a  j;(»lden  color, 
is  exc(»llent  when  ndxed  with  wiiif.  and  is  as  I  a  rue  as  three 
or  four  of  the  Kniopean  nuts  of  the  same  name.  It  may, 
uudoid)tedly,  he  called  the  (pieen  of  fruits.  It  has  a  spicy 
taste,  which,  a.s  nearly  as  I  can  gness,  is  like  that  of  stiaw- 
berries  mixed  with  wine  and  sugar.  It  is  of  great  service 
in  presi-rving  heallh.  agreeing  so  tdcoly  with  tin'  human 
constitution,  that,  although  it  corrodes  iron,  it  strengthens 
n)an  more  perhaps  than  anything  else.  Nor  do  yon  lind  it 
o!i  a  high  tree.  It  is  a  single  fruit,  cunnng  out  in  each  reot 
like  the  artichoke.  1  wish  I  could  send  your  Paternity'  a 
specimen  w'iih  this  letter.  For  nothing  but  it.self  can  de- 
Hcribe  it  according  to  i\»  excellence." 

The  cloud  of  sorrow  which  the  supiuisod  loss  of  the  Pore 
and  her  crew  had  cast  over  the  expedition  vanished  at  Har- 
badoes.  Imagine  the  joy  of  those  on  the  .'1/7.-,  as  the  little 
vessel  bore  in  sight,  and  joined  company  again,  after  a  sepa- 
ration of  six  weeks.  t)n  the  night  of  the  terrific  storm 
which  parted  them,  the  Pan,  after  having  ."^hown  her  sig- 
nal, no  longer  able  to  brea.st  the  storm,  had  changed  her 
cour.se,  and  taken  refuge  in  the  Scilly  hslands,  whence,  the 
ship  Dir>f/oi>.  bearing  her  company  as  far  as  the  Bay  of 
Biscay,  she  .sailed  in  pursuit  of  the  Ail;  and  hail  now  over- 
taken her. 

"On  tho  twenty-fourth  of  January,"  continues  the  7?r- 
7r?//rt,  "w<»  weighed  anchor,  and  leached  !Matalina  towards 
evening (m  the  following  <lay.  At  this  place  two  catioes  full 
of  naked  men  appeareil.  They  kei)t  at  a  <listance,  seennng 
to  fear  our  hugv  ship,  holdup  pumpkins  and  parrots,  and 
offered  to  exchange  them.  These  people  were  a  race  (.f 
savages,  fat,  shining  with  red  paint,  who  knew  not  (fod, 
and  devoured  human  beings.  Sonte  time  before  th(>y  had 
madoaway  with  several  English  interprerers.     The  country 


1  The  roiider  will  rfiiviiiliir  ili.ii  itii-  imir.ilivo  was  u  kttor  udau■^^L•a  toUio  Ucuvrul  of  Iho  So- 
ciety of  Ji'su8,  at  Kt-mi',  by  Fulhcr  White. 


444 


VATItRJl  ASDJIEW  WHITE,  f.  .7. 


th.'.v  inhiiMt  is  v.-iy  I'.Ttil*',  l)iit  is  I'tifiivly  rovcwl  with 
woods.  liuvitiK  no  (.pill  pliiiiiH.  .  .  .  Sonu' on.'.  I  liop..,  will 
hiiv»'  coinitiission  on  tlii-*  l'ois:iI:»'ti  jMopIr. 

"Aniiuor  Npiviid  iiiiioii^'  iIk'  suilois— Htartt'd  liy  (••■iliiiti 
shii.wi.rU.'.l  Fivuclim«'n-thiit  an  a/ihuaf  U  foiiiul  on  tills 
island  in  the  foivhwul  of  which  is  ii  stono  of  extraordinary 
Instr.'.  Iik<'  a  live  coal  or  hnrnini;  candl  >.  This  animal  tlicy 
name  (•(irhniim.     Let  tlus  antlior  of  tli.-  story  answer  ioi  ltd 

trnth." 

or  the  islamlof  Montserrat,  Father  White  says:  "  liie 
iidiaMiants  are  Irishmen  who  were  banished  by  the  Kn-lish 
of    Niriiinia,  on   account  of   their   pr<.fessing  the  Calliolic 

Failh."' 

St.  (Christopher's  was  the  last  of  the  West  India  islands 
at  wluch  the  rilpims  touched.  Here  they  remained  ten 
(lays.  "  We  stayed  ten  days,"  writes  the  venerable  .b-snif. 
"having  receivcll  a  friendly  invitation  froni  the  l^ni;lish 
goverufu-,  and  two  captains  who  were  (Catholics.  The  presl- 
dent  of  the  French  colony  in  the  s;imn  island  received  \m 
with  marked  courtesy. 

"  .Ml  the  rari>  thiniis  that  are  to  be  .seiMi  at  Barbadoes,  I 
fotiud  in  this  place  loo;  and,  besides  th«>se,  a  :<nlpliiirniis 
vioinitoin,  not  far  from  the  f>(>v«>rn()r's  i«>sidence.  And 
what  you  would  admire  more,  the  niffiii  jthnif,  so  called 
because,  at  tins  least  toiK'h  of  the  tiJi«ier,  it  immediately 
shriidvs  and  falls  in;  thoiijih,  if  you  ^ive  it  time,  it  revives, 
and  rises  up  a^ain.     I  was  especially  pleased  with  the  lontd 


1  Tims  In  til.'  Hcvcntcenth  ccntMry.  nn  In  the  nhi.tr.nlli.  the  "  Ksltc  of  Frin"  wii-  no  Htniniror 
111  til.' New  Wuilil  -Tlir  llrst  IrWi  prn|il(.  vvlio  found  pmnancnt  homes  In  Ann  in  a.  '  wrllcn 
Thorn.-.  I)'  Vi.v  Mr(ir.  ,  •■  wrrr  ccilnln  C.ilholir  piilrlols  Imnl-he.l  l.v  Ollvrr  Cionnvell  to  llnrlm- 
d.K-  .    In'  this  island,  iis  In  the  n.i^-hl.orin^'  Monts.mit.  Ihr  (Vlllc  lanffUiiLT  "lis  nTl.nidy 

H.okcn,  in  tin-  laM  .■.•ntnrv;  and.  prriiiips.  It  h  partly  nttill.nt.dd..  to  ,hls  .Mrlv  Irish  .-.l.,ni/:.li(M., 
timl  Itarliinlors  h.Tam..  onr  of  tlu'  most  popnioiis  Islands  In  thr  world.  At  Ihr  end  ol  tnc  scnen- 
t.rnlU  irntnry.il  Has  ivporlcd  to  .cmtain  Iwrnly  Ihoiismid  lnhal)llunts,--^//Wm!/o^  «<  lii«U 
tytttltr't  ill  All)' ilea. 

In  nl.TciKv  to  thf  ror(«-nlnL'  pnrasnid.  ahnnf  the  Inland  of  MonNerrat,  the  venerable  Fath  r 
Thelmud.  S.  ,1.,  savs.  in  his  /ri</i  Hun' :  -TheCellie  lan-naL-e  -  Hiat  snreslnn.if  Catholie.ly-waM 
not  onlv  spoken  there  in  the  la-t  centnry.  l.nl  i^  xtill  in-ilni.i.  Th.'  wrlt.T  hiinscdf  heard  last  year 
(isri»  from  two  v<.nn:iA.mrieanseani.n.  who  imdjnst  returned  from  a  voyage  tothi..  island,  that 
Ihemrro  potters  and  while  ■loiiL'shoremen^vho  load  an.l  nnload  the  ships  in  Ih.' harbor,  know 
srnrcely  any  ..tlur  lanKnaj,'.'  than  lln-  Irish,  so  ihul  oftin  thi'  cre«.i  of  EngUbh  VfiiS«l«  cm  only 
commmilc'uto  wlthtlifin  Uj- 8it'nsi."-i'.  asr, /(y<o. 


iBh 


h:\rin:n  amuu.w  \mht*-:,s  J, 


44J 


ovcrod  with 
I  lidiH',  will 

(I   by  fi'iliiili 

)lllltl  (III    tills 

xtni(tt«liiiiiry 
anltiiiil  tiny 
iibwer  ioi  ltd 


liiys; 


TllH 

tli<>  Kii^lish 
tlie  Ciitliolu; 


h-fi\  wiilrh  Is  siippost'd  to  liiiv*'  iiironlcil  siishiunirc  (d 
St.  .'loliH  tli«'  liaptiHt.    It  ♦'iinals  tlif  rlin  iti  •*!/..,  miil  is  mihIi 

!i  fnvorit."  with  Hm'  I s,  tlmt  lli.-y  v.-iy  filadly  1  til!<l  ilnir 

r.ils  in  il.  The  linii.'y,  If  y<m  i«»ip't  tlitit  it  Is  wild,  (l(i«'s 
not  diir.T  in  n)lor  or  lluvor  l'i«)m  t'ln  jiiin'st  lioiu-y  I  liny 
tiiMlcd.  iiif  fniii  also  Known  as  ioriist  coiirsisJH  ol'  six 
licaiis  in  a  pn-tty  hard  slnil,  liU«'  m  1'"<I.  mid  contains  a  iiirat 
whicii  is  soli  l)ut  j;liitiiums.  tasiiiiK  lilx»>  tloiir  niix<d  with 
lioiH'y.  it  l»'ais  lour  or  Hvh  toh'iiiMy  larK<<  w'»'dH  of  a 
rlicstnut  color.  ^  ..mind  some  of  these  wiili  inc  to  plant." 
The  loiij,'  and  advent iirons  voyage  wa.s  now  di awing  to  itd 
close. 


India  islands 
■einaincd  leu 
■rahle  .It-snit, 

the  KiiL-lish 
(.     The  i>resi. 

received  me 


Barbadoes,  I 
I  ;<tiilplit(inn}< 
dence.  And 
////,  so  called 
immediately 
ne.  it  revives, 

itll  XhrJorttfit 


K.Hii"  wii-  no  Htmniror 
J  III  Aim  rim."  w  riles 
r  Croniwill  to  Ikirhii- 
maiiiiL'"'  "iiH  <criiiiiily 
irly  lrl>li  colrnii/ariiiii, 

till'  I'llll  ol'   tilC  M'VCII- 

'—IIMoiijqltlu    lihh 

,  till'  vcnrriibl''  F'lltli  T 
:.'iiof  Ciitliolicily-wim 
liinsc'll'  liiiird  lar-t  yiiir 
mticloilii^  inland,  lliiit 
)s  in  the  harbor,  know 
iglisli  vfsscln  Clin  only 


tm»* 


r 


riTAPTKH    I  If. 

Tll|.«  .MtOWMNU    I.MIOU^   ANW    AI.V  I:N  Tlil!:-.  <»;•     A    ..I.OlttOlN 

«'Am;i;it. 

Wu','i*IUu,  or  thv  ranmlio  PUitriinx  »»    Vl>vl>il<i     <'!"■'<« 
pr'iW    lht>i     Thv    Pofon,,,,'     Anintf    Satins     lokutu 
po>^s,'Hsi,w  of  M.u-iihiint-A  n-os,  ,Hf/H-  H^iM,'n,rsf,' 
Fh-i^tlnhrHein  mill,  on  liKfhni  rhU'f     rollnr  Mlhom 
■prnv'tn'H  Kl.   Martffi     Appmrom;;    lomnn-rs,    /lahifs- 
,rnn,n„s.  „m/n'fH,i,»,  ot'lhi'  yhnjUiml  l„*li,u,s     Sud 

//r,v     «y.vin'rsions-/i''^'(/'oii    r>-hjiis  <ni,ni>,f    Ihr   (nio 
Vlsls     Ihniiiifj  off-   (''>>f>nfir   S/ar.'s-     IMhvrW  InU'  f 
Kilhfm<ui„ii,di^    Whal  it  mi  h>»<i  >n>s   -Thv  Apos   " 
of    ]h>r>thn,il  ro!,n-rts  iUiihmfroi,     (Wi'moini  of   llir 
vhhrslipfh,,     l/fm'ss  or  Fnfhrr  Wlah-A    Fnnniw 
_  i  simvilnr  inndriif     runi.^lnm'nl  of  «  harlcslnhr    ■ 
A  .AV"'  'l-hi'fhnuh-r  and  his  biffotry-  htdto,,  tnhis  run ■ 
wd,'<t  ohu'f  thr  Pofomnr-Au.  fnrfian.  war-- How  Uu'. 
JesnU-f  niftfh'  a  missionar//  JoiniH'i/'-A  'i>"<"-''-     ' /'f 
clouds  of  n^isforfnnr  f/af/nr  -Nnd  of  Fofhrr  W  nh  s 
lahors^'fs  snd   to  En,jland^ll>s   f<'st  ymr-s-IhatlL 
and  chaiader. 
Father  White  and  his  rnmpaninns  now  approach.'d  th.« 
termimition  of  their  historic  voya-.'.     On  th.>  i-Mlhol   iM-b- 
rnarv  Vm  Ark  an.l  tho  Dove  neared  Toint  Conilort.  \ir- 
Kinia     Tlie   iovful    si-ht  of  land,  how..v,.r.  was  somewhat 
eU)ud.'dbv  tiic^'  fear  of  lio^tility  on  the  part  of  the  \  irKin- 
ians,  who'were  r.^solutely  opposed  to  Lord  Baltimore  s  tin- 
dortaking;  but  the  r,>yal  letters  borne  by  tho  newconiers 
secured  them  a  favorabl,.  r.reptiou  from  the  (Tovernor.    \ et 
in  this  gentleman's  hospitality,  it  seoms,  thero  was  a  little 
4-10 


FATllKK  ASnilh'W  Wlltrtu  H.J. 


4i7 


\  ol.nijioi's 

III  hi     C/iiSd 
ires-  Tiikhtij 
inihliitnnn-^ 
ilhii-  Mlhnm 
I, IIS,    lidhits, 
' ml  hi II X     Snif. 
„rs     Dijn-'if 
tif    I  In-    ('i)hi 
iirr   Wliih'   (it 
Till'    A/iosfh 
''iiion,'/  <>*'  III'' 
c—A    Fdiiiiiii' 
I  hiii'h'sfhlir- 
III  tr ihix  I'iiif- 
mr—Hoio  the. 

iniioctr  Till' 
'aflirr  Wliitrs 
ijKtIti—IhittIt 

pproacht'd  the 
w  24th  of  Vi'h- 
Comloit.  Vir- 
Avns  Nomewliat 
of  the  Vir^'in- 
Baltimore  H  iin- 
I  ho  lunvcomers 
Governor.  Yet 
t'lo  was  a  little 


Mrlfl«hn»"»«i.     Hh  '-hop^Ml,"  says  ih»'  /frhifht.  -'flmt  hv  fhN 

Kh>lt»''HS  lovvaith  H-  h»'  WOUhl  the  liur»«  »<:islly  |'»M(tV«'l'  fliilU 

fhf  v  sal  tn-a-Hury  ii  lafM"  -^"nn  (»f  iuoa»'y  \sUU'\i  wuh  diiM 

hiiri."  ' 

*'.Vft»M'  l»'dii;r  kin  Uy  tivatnil  fnv  i>\nh\  <»r  iiiiu'  jhiys,"  vnn- 
tlnnt's  tlif  If'f'ih'i,  "u.'MHt  sail  (»ii  tho  .\\  i»f  M  inh,  ami 
rnli'jiu«  th«'  (;iit"ta|M'aki'  Hay.  w*-  liinit  d  our  roui>«'  to  tliM 
ri.tiih  to  r.'a(  li  tlu'  I'ototiiac  rlv«T.  'Vh>>  ('ii»'«*«ipt'iik«i  liny, 
(m  li-aK'ih's  with',  flows  gMiilly  lM't\v«<«'n  It.s  sIioh'n.  It  i« 
four,  llvf.  and  six  ratlionnH  tU-ti>,  uud  nluaituh  in  tisli  wlicn 
fhf  s.Mson  is  I'avonililf.  Voii  ((-iijil  Marct'iy  liiwl  a  riior" 
bMaiitifiil  luxly  of  wati-r.  V<'t  it  yit'!i!«*  tlu-  iiaiiu  to  iIim 
I'otoniar' riv»'r,  vvlil«'h  \VH  nuint'd  aft«'r  St.  (lr«'K'»i'y-  ...  A 
larpM' or  more  b.-autifiil  rlvc!  !  have  iit'v«'r  I  cli.ld,  TIih 
'Phaii\t's  sijt'ins  a  im-it'  rivulet  in  (oiii|tari<(»ii  with  it.  It  h 
(lisli^-mvd  by  no  Nwanips,  but  Iuih  lirui  land  «>n  ••ach  mI(U\ 
Fine  K''^^''''^  ^'f  ^^'*'^'^  appear.  i;ot  cboki'd  wiili  briers  or 
busliesund  un(b'rj;ro\vth.  but  ^■io\viiiy;at  reuiilar  distances, 
as  if  planlt'd  by  lli«'  h:>nd  of  lu.m.  Vou  (oiild  drive  a  I'our- 
horse  earriaj^e'  wherever  you  ini.i;ht  ehoo.se  throii.uli  tho 
midst  of  the  tree.s. 

'.lust  ut  the  mouth  of  the  river,  we  observed  the  natives 
in  nrnis.  Diirinti;  the  niirht  tires  bla/ed  tlinmjih  the  whole 
((.isntry.  As  they  had  never  s.-eii  .'«ii(li  a  larj^e  sliip.  nies- 
sHii^ers  were  sent  In  all  direetions  to  report  that  a  niiion 
like  an  island  had  eonie  on.  with  as  many  men  as  there 
were  trees  in  the  woods! 

"We  pushed  on,  however,  to  Herons'  Island,  so  called 
from  th.'  imm-nse  nnmlu-r  r.f  th.>se  birds.  The  lirst  island 
we  fame  to  ue  named  St.  (Mement's."     A.s  it  Im.s  a  .sloping 


1  Po!oniac  HlKn.flrh  "|iliicf  of 
>  .■  St.  ricmi'iil'rt."   Till'  iiiimi' 
ha"  biTti  wiifihi'd  ii"ny  hy  the 
rnllfd  SI.  fVfi/icn/'"  Hill     All 
hn-(l!y  •"' ' iilliv.iti'd.    Il  ha"  Ui'l 
hotwcrn  Ihncc  iflrtinl"  wl.lili  iin' 
prohiil)!y  nillod  IliTotiH'  l»liuid'< 
in  '111'  yi'iir  \HV>  win.  ilim  'lii'v 
thnt  Kuhin  thi'  nn'mory  of  ih 
vivnun.-AiiiwIaUui'i"  -Vc.'"'  i" 


the  tiiiminR  plni<." 

h.i-diHnpiicnn'd;  and  nimo-t  tlinwholi-  of  llii>  l-!iiiid,a'>  it  wcitik. 

rlvir.  UwnK  Mlimtcd  at  llii-  iiiDUlli  of  111.-  I>ay.  wlildi  .-  now 
Ihit  iH  I 'ft  of  It  l«  a  Hamlliiink  of  ah.nit  H'li  nri'-'.  "Iiirli  can 

1  ihr  r:(mi'  of  ll-imis'  Mviil.     II  wa"  Ilu-  (Ir«t  y..n  inrt  In  sillln« 

iiov  call-'d  U'mk^lm'  Mmtji;  at  lliiit  time  howi'vi.r  tli-'V  wito 

A  tradition  pri'vailins;  amonu  Ihv  piopli'  of  Ilic  n.'iL.lil».rliood 

iii.d  M'ln  tiK'  I'laiid  more  oxtrn-ivc  in  li'iintli  and  hnadlli.  Imt 

i  n'.d.T  liiliat.ltants  It  had  bi'oii  gradually  wahhi'd  away  by  tliu 

iulafioltineiii. 


FArilKtl  ASDUKW  mitfU.  A!  / 


4IH 

,',„;•..    th..i-n  Ih  no  w..y  uf  K.-tfliirf  to  It  M?:n.i.t  by  wa.linjr. 
ilMiMthM  woiuhi  waoliuaieft  tli..  hIiI|..  lo  Ju  tlMMu.^U.UK, 

Up.Mt    thM   iMKlt   ai.a   .MIUO   IhMf   iM.lU:.^   ar..NVU.nl.       I  h- V    tlho 

l.U  u  lm«.«  poi'lluu  of  .My  liu-ii    a-  MkiuU  Xmn  \u  tUU  i.ait 

'OtHliM'r.lh  of  Mi.irU,  tlu.D.iy  of  Iho  Aniiun.Iu  ion  uf 
tho  Most  Holy  Vli«ii.,  In  tl.o  y.-ar  UKM.  um  uir.-na  in  tl.is 
iHlan-l  lliM  M.Tin-  Mf  th..  Ma.H  r..r  th-  lint  inn.-  l..f  .11 
this  r..^lon  of  th.,  «luS.'  il  Ir.i.l  n.-vr  Ih-u  ?vl..l,nil.>a  Im-Ioiv. 

"Tlif  Kanilin.  lu-ian  .-rul.-.l,  w,  took  iiiM.n  out' sIu.uI.I.th 
tli».  un'ut  n.M.H  whi.-h  u».  lia.l  li.'wu  fn.iM  u  tiv.',  ami  p"»;; 
t(.  lli<>  nIanUhat  luul  1.m.;i  .l.-siKnat-.l  tl...  (Jovrnor,  rnui^ 
mIssi.,nV...  an.l  other  Catholirs  i.aiilc-ii.atln;?  ti  ih..  ow- 
u.ony  WH  oi..rt..,l  It  m  a  rroi.hy  to  Cl.rlnt  Ih-  Sayionr, 
v.h;l«  tliM  Utany  of  tli-^  Holy  Cro^s  was  chant.nl  h..nil)ly,  on 
our  hiiKl.vl  kn.'.'s,  with  Kr.nit  emotion  of  sou!  " 

ll«re  was  a  real  "cross  lu  thu  wiklcni.Ms!''     Inaofa,  thero 

tut  aii'm'Oi'». 

.  Th'.  «...  an  ..rtor;  hit  Pilh-r  Wl.li-'  «v..  not  ..war.- tl,..t  n'...'  I«|.r.'-'.  .T"  -I'f  h..t  roi,..-. 
.     mVr  "      r    I  ' '   .  <■.  H..I...  I,.n.l..l  on -.•.  .,f  Av  (I.....,-  .U-,  <h..  ►oil  of  M..ry; 

,?  ..     ,  i-      ."t  of  ,..   „...n-,.,h..m....o.n>rl 1..,,...  1  him,  In  th..  h..,>.. -^«.  hcMV-u  ,1  ..«., 

i;^     ..»    .n     ....  .^..,1    h..  ..:.....  ..f  lul..    Afl.T  a  tin,..  I...n  l.nl-  „.k-.I  h...v,.  to  r.   .rn,  «,  .1 

S      „■"....  ..    ..ms,.rt.,«  h'-trih..    a.  la,.,!..,!  h.  l.-l,.rl.l.. ......  \M  -o,,.,.  ..f  tho  ,,,.• 

■,  U      S,.L  .   s    I,,.....|l..-   «llh  ..'uhl  .J.-..I.  r,..h.T-  N..I  I)....  I...I-.  .'...h.rk.a  h.  :.  ...  .11  .raft. 

:;; » :  "z  h "." ' ,  C "'-..- •  .u.  I'-n.  a. ..i., h.. h .....•- mi..«o 

"' '• "' '•" ; " ' .  \i ,, I  Ti„.  N.,..n-  ■i,i..fmin  .h-ir .....v Ki.i.h'  -....w  wv. ..... .).'...ii-, i. .l• 
;:;:  ^^r::  "^.^  •  .^ '  ^  ;  '..::  ;:;;hm..!m  ..r„..r, ...  h,:  ...M,  .0  „-..,..-..  h!. «ivu 

v2Z  a  Vt .  on. ■..,.,l.,n.    .>..y.  , h......r  ,.r.......:  .....  0  ... M-'  j'    "';  • 

l;.Hl^;:...y..a,....o..H,..,,..h,......^H^ 

::;:;vCr  :r:  ;  :.)r;:r;.  ;h^^^  ^-v^ 

,       ,  ,1  1  ,.,.) <l  th.m  wilhni.t  i....r.v.    Of  M  thl«  hn.v,.  h«..,l,  ..„.■  i.!....-  v*nx\m\  t.) 

: vl!l",«  m1;  :::;    B.;t  I"  l:;:^..  Of  m.r,yr.  .»  ..ver  .h«d  m  va.n."-A.,«/..r  //i,f«r. «r  ik. 
la'lioVic  C'luivh  III  Ihf  Viiitut  SMen,  p.  M-H. 

T....  foroaolnsz  orr.irrort  -ixtyfoui  yc««  bfforu  th.  venerable  Father  White  celebrated  hi,  first 
Uus  oil  St.  Clement'*  Islu. 


i 


il.    Th.'v  also 
m  iu  (IiIh  lutrt 

ttllltlK'IulIotl   of 

i.lTi'ivtl  ill  this 
it  liiiif.  l""r  iu 
bniii'il  iM'Tor*'.' 
our  r  liouItl»'rs 
vvi\  uimI  ptiii;; 
jovt-ruor,  com 
•*  ill  iho  ('i»:-<v 
t  ilw  S:ivioiir, 
tnl  htiriibly.  oti 


'I'-'i  .T"  -I'l'  hvl  roil«i'. 
fii.il.  '  M  •'•'  Itmli  Iw'if 
ipi  iUf,  111!'  -oil  of  M.iry- 
iMi  (inl;!tli>n<  i''.|i'ii*i'(l 
III'  ch  i-fiiin  of  A  ilNiflot 
yV.    K  liili»i«  iIk'  joiiri'^ 

h(i|u'  thfit  hu  wmiM  'inn 
•  \Min  xi'Til  to  SiKilii,  ri- 
■«  of  llic  Kallli.  Ill'  »•«< 
iiil  li-iiM'  I"  fit  irn,  iiml 
lullvil  nmw  of  111!'  iiil«- 
.(titi  .1.  til  llii'  .M'iir  iwr>. 
inltirk'il  III  iHiiiill  >  riift, 
f.  Ilii-y  lic.'iin  It  loiitf  iinil 
l>ri'n<  il  on.    Till'  <  oikImi'I 

111  II  111"  lirotli"r"n\llliii;o 
iinw  left  till'  .li'-iiil".  l<ll- 

iri'in-i-  till  Irllii'  to  i>lvo 

r>  111  l.ii''"  ii|i|ii'.n'il  not. 
!•   pric-U  c  illl-olcll   llll'lU- 

ft  riwli'  all!\r.  After  nn 
I'd  -a<  II  imirdiTfr!  IliiU- 
■lii'il  on  till'  iiiifiixiicctlntt 
mill,  oni'  alont'  rirmM'd  to 
([v*t  iilli'iiipl  to  pliiiit  tho 
'-J>i)liiil(ir  llMoryqf  th« 

White  cclcbrntcd  hi?  flriit 


Wi 


^^ 


.*>. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


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1.0 


I.I 


,25 


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'    IIIIIM 

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Pholographic 
Sciences 
'  Corporation 


23  \^"'.T  MAIN  STREET 

Wro.'ER.N  Y    M580 

i7i6;  872-4503 


Sp. 


^' 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institul  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


I 


FATHER  .xymiKW  white.  fi..r. 


41!) 


iHsmYK^tlilnci;  so  tniii'liiii.ir  and  Irniififul  in  lliis  siiujilo  luivvii- 
tivi',  i!i;it,  ill  our iii^t*  ol'  imlii>ii«'l'  Jind  iiiiitfri:ilistn.  we  jcnisc 
jiinl  almost  wondiT  if  we  niv  ivndiiifr  n  drciiniora  rculity. 
Tiiit  it  is  no  <lri';ini.  It  is  tlio  tii'.c  liistoiy  of  liow  llio  Catli- 
olic  I'iliirini  Fiitlwrs  (.!"  M.u'yliind  liisr  took  jios^cssion  oi 
oill"  sliol't'^f.  Tliry  \vcV(»  mcil  ]i!ni!<1  of  tliniv  li'ViUld  iUid 
iinrii'iit  F.iitli.  ;ind  nolily  i)n>i\'rn'(l  nn  :dt;ir  in  tlif  desert  to 
i\  <'oronrt  !it  till'  conrt  ol'  ;i]>ost!it('  l'',ni.rli'n<1. 

Tilt'  clni'f  oj'tlio  r:iscat:i\v!iy  liidinns  wns  tbc  nio^t  iiowcr- 
fid  rider  in  tliat  vcfiion.  and  liml  many  siiclicnis  iind  triln's 
sulij.'ct  lolnni.     Leonard  Calvert,  the  (Jovernor,  determined 
to  visit  this  lordly  savaire.  !in<l  seeiire  liis  frienilsliiii.  Tiikins 
wltl)  him  tliH  /M/v'  he  se:  out  with  a  portion  of  his  men, 
iicconipinied  by  Father  Altham.  leaving  the  ship  at  anelur 
ut  St.  (JIt«ment's.     As  they  advanced  up  the  rivei'  the  dusky 
Inlrthitants  tied  towards  the  inteiior.  At  len.mh  the  priest  ar.d 
the  Movernor  reached  a  vilhi^e  on  the  Vii<i:inia  side,  nanud 
Potoaiac-  after  the  river-and  ^niveiried  hy  Ardiihn,  uncle 
of  the  kins.  \vl>o  was  yet  a  youth.     Father  Altham  preached 
to  the  people  and  ihVir  chiel's.     They  listened  with  atten- 
tion, and  re])lied  to  him  Ihiouuh  liis  inteipreter.     The  uood 
VrAh'i'  lolil  them  that  the  pile  faces  had  neither  c{.nie  to 
make  war  upon  them  nor  to  do  them  any  wronp;;  hut  to 
instruct   them   in  Ciiristianity,   to  make   tliern   acquainted 
with  tho  art.s  of  civilized  life,  and  to  live  with  them  liko 

hrothers. 

'•You  are  weleome,"  replied  the  chief.  Father  Altham 
then  informed  him,  tliat,  as  he  had  r.ot  time  to  make  a 
loniier  discourse,  luMvould  return  to  visit  liim  aii:;iii.  "Il  i". 
jcood,"  .said  the  dusky  ruler,  ^'w.'  will  use  one  taM.\  ^fy 
people  siuill  hunt  for  my  brother,  and  r.ll  things  shall  be  in 
common  between  ns."  Fuch  was  the  lirst  confereiu'e  be- 
t\ve(Mi  a  Catlioli('  priest;  and  the  gentle  aiid  peacerid  Indiana 
of  ^r-iryland. 

From  this  place,  Father  Altham  and  Governor  Calv(^rt 
went  to  Pascatauay,  "where,''  says  the  J?r7ah'o,  "all  the 
inhabitants  ilew  to  arms.— About  live  hnndred,  equipped 
with  bows,  had  stationed  themselves  on  the  shore  with  their 


45(1 


FA7IIRR  AynUKW  Wilt T 17.  S.  J. 


Kiii'j;.'  Uiit  rift»'rsi<;nals<>f  i>c;i(«'  v,«.i«'ni!ulf,  (In-  Kinjx,  put- 
tin,:;'  aside  all  aplJivlu-nriuii,  <'ainr  on  hviwd  IIm'  piiiiunf; 
aii'l  wlifii  li«'  liraul  (»r  <»iir  I'lifiidiy  disittisiiion  tow  iids  tli»* 
Iiidiiins  lii'i-avc  us  lu'iiiri-osiou  to  dwrll  wlioivvor  wo  iili'asi'd 
lit  his  ddiidnioiis. 

"In  till'  miMtirime.  whiles  (lovcnior  Calvert  \v;is  on  tlii-« 
voya^i^  with  thi^  Kin,!X,  the  siivasr'-*  at  Sr.  (llemi'nt's  l)i',i;an 
to  ^'low  bolder,  and  niin'A'h'd  ni(tre  rrecly  with  our  sentinels. 
For  we  kept  watrh  hy  day  and  ni^ht,  tofiuanl  IVom  sudden 
attacks  o'lr  ni ';i  who  wei-e  ciitlini?  wood,  as  well  as  (lie 
vessel  wliicdi  we  wei'e  l)iiildlnj^\  liavinj;  brought  with  us  iho 
separate  planks  and  ribs. 

"it  is  pleasant  to  he:ir  these  na!ives  adniirin;;' overytliin,!;-, 
pspeclally  wondering  where  in  the  wo'-ld  a  tree  had  grown 
large  enoij,-l»  to  be  eirved  infoa  shii)  of  such  huge  si/.e  ;  for 
ihey  supposed  it  had  been  cut  from  a  single  trunk  of  a  tree, 
Mk(^  an  Indian  cano<>.  Oui  cannon  tilled  tiieui  all  with  as- 
tonishment, as,  indeed,  they  were  not  a  little  louder  than 
their  o\sn  twanging  bows,  and  sounded  like  thunder." 

The  idi';i  of  securing  a  littingspot  to  begin  the  foiiridafion 
of  his  colony  now  occupied  the  unnd  of  (Jovci'nor  Calvert. 
Such  a  place  w;is  soon  loinnl.  It  is,  wrote  the  Aposile  of 
Maryland,  "a  spot  so  charming  in  its  situation  that  Iluropo 
itse^*^  can  scarcely  show  one  to  surpass  it.  (Soing  aluiut. 
twent,. -seven  miles  from  St.  Clenii-nrs.  we  sailed  inio  tin* 
nu)nth  of  a  river  on  the  nt)rth  side  of  the  Potomac,  Avhicl» 
we  named  after  St.  (Jeorge.  This  river  -or  rat iur  artn  nf 
tlii>  sea -runs  from  s.uith  to  north  about  twenty  miles  he- 
fore  you  come  t(»  fresh  water.  .At  its  mouili  are  (wo  har- 
bors ca]»ab]t»  of  containing  th.ree  hundred  ships  cd"  tho 
iaigcst  si/e.  Oae  of  these  Ave  consecrated  to  St.  C'eorge; 
ihe  other,  which  is  more  inland,  to  the  Most  Blessed  \irgin 
MarA'. 


•  "  I'iuUt  tht'  (.Tint  of  tlip  Crown  to liis  hrotlicr,"  \vrlti">  MrSlicrry,  '•  hf  (;!.pv<Tiior  ( '.ilviTti  wan 
'lititlfil  in  tlif  |Hi"(.-sitMi  of  llir  K<\].  .'uTorrlini,'  lo  the  linv  of  niiliutiH  ;  but  lie  (Icriiii'il  it  .in>t  nnrt 
;.-ii(iiMit  to  pnrch;isc  the  riL'tit  of  llic  Iniliiiii-"  In  IlK'ir  coiiiilry.  mid  civflliciii  >(imi'  KiiL-li-lKloth, 
ixi'H.  Ikk-.  iiiid  kni\cs,  ill  rcliirii  for  wliirti  tliry  (.Tiiilril  hiM)  iilimi,  tliirty  v\'Ar>>  ipf  Icrriiory 
*li!ili  iTc  ciiUfd  •  t'lirolina  Av.jjiutii,'  nftirwurd?  llii'  counly  «f  S'-  Mar^ ■f:'-Jli-in:y  nf  Mary- 
ukI,  p. 33. 


H'  Kluix,  i>ut- 

tou  litis  tli«« 
T  \Vl'  lill'ilSl'd 

was  on  tlil-i 
Hi'iit's  l)i',i;-:m 
III'  sciitiiu'ls. 
IVdiii  siid'.l'.'ii 
w.'ll  as  tli(^ 
Willi  us  lliu 

i('V('i}t!iiii^", 
I'  hud  grown 
iiU'i'  si/.i' ;  f«ii' 
iiU  of  a  liTi', 

all  willi  as- 
loinlcr  than 
iindiM'."' 
('  roiirnlMtion 
rru'i-  {'a  I  vert. 
('  A  post  N'  of 

tliar  I'lnopc! 
(Jdintr  about 
ilcd  itilo  llin 
oinar,  whifh 
itiu  r  aiTTi  nf 
nty  inilfs  Ix^- 
atf  (wo  liar- 
sliips  (d"  tho 
)  Sr.  (i('or,t;o; 
lesscd  Vir^dn 


l-.pvcriior  <  'iilviTli  wiM 
ic  (Ic'i'tiiril  it  .invt  ii'irt 
1  i-(imi'  Kiii.'li-'li  cloth, 
;y  mill's  of  Icrriiory 
'•'-llUtor'jfif  Mary- 


r.\Tiii:n  .lyniiijw  wjiiri-:.  s.  j. 


451 


"TliP  1*  ft  sidf  of  tilt'  r]v*".'  was  tlic  al)odt'  of  Ouot  Yaoco- 
rni('<..  W<'  hiiid.'d  on  Hk^  li'^lil  hand  si  I.',  and  ;:..in,ii-  in 
al.out  a  mil.'  I'rnin  :ht'  slior.".  Wf  laid  <.ut  tlif  plan  ol'  a  ti;y, 

naiiiMi"-  it  <s''^///'  -'/"//A  ^'»'l'  »"  *"''^'''"  '*'  '''^■'•''^  ^'^■*'''^'  *''" 
')'.>aiaiM'..  ol"  injustice,  and  aH'ord  noopportiinity  of  lioslility. 
w..  l.tHiKht  from  ih.'  Kin-  thirty  ndh's  of  tliat  land,  (h'liv.'i- 
\n<i  m  t'xchaii-c  axes,  liatcli<"ts,  ral^(•s,  and  several  yiirds  of 

(dotlj. 

"The  natives,"  continues  the  keen  and  (.ver-oiiseryanr, 
Father  White,  '\ire  very  tall  and  wed  proportioned.  Tli.ir 
skin  is  naturally  rather  dark,  and  they  make  it  uirlh-rl.y  staiii- 

in"  it      This  tliev  f,n'n<'rally  do  with  r.'d  paint  mixed  wiih 
oif  to  keep  oil"  the  nioscpiitoes,  tliiiddui;  more  of  their  own 
<.„mrort   than   ri    appearances.     Tlu-y  also  <lisli-ure   their 
,.„untenances  wifh  colors  paintin,<;  them  in  many  and  Iru  y 
hideous  and  rri-litful  ways;  either  a  dark  Mue  al.ove  lh'> 
nose,  and  red  below,  or  the  reverse.  And  as  they  live  almost 
to  eitreme  old  iv^o  without  havin.ir  beards,  they  (cu'iter- 
feit  them  with  paint,  by  drawinj,^  lines  of  various  colors  from 
the  extremiti.>s  of  the  lips  to  the  ears.     They  commonly 
have  black  hair,  which  they  carry  bound  in  a  knot  to  the 
leit  ear,  and   fast(>n  with  a  band,  addin-  some  ornanieiir 
which  is  in  estimation  amon-  them.     On  ihnr  ioreh.  ads 
some   oC  them  wear  tho  lio-ure  of  a  llsh  made  ol  copp.-r 
Thev  adorn  their  necks  with  glass  beads,  strung  on  thread 
like"  necklaces ;  though  these  beads  are  getting  to  bo  icss 
valued  among  them,  and  less  useful  for  trad.'. 

''For  the  most  i>art,  they  are  clothed  in  deerskins,  or 
some  similar  kind  of  covering,  wlii.'h  hangs  down  behind 
like  a  cloak  Thev  wear  aprons  around  the  middle,  ana 
l.Mve  the  rest  of  the  body  naked.  The  boys  and  girls  go 
about  with  nothing  on  th.'.r.  The  soles  of  their  f<  .t  are  as 
liard  as  horn,  and  they  tread  on  thorns  and  briars  without; 

being  hurt.  _  ,,  _^^ 

-The  weapons  of  the  Indians  are  bows  and  arrows  threo 
feet  loner,  tipped  with  stag's  horn,  or  a  white  flint  sharpened 
at  the  end  They  shoot  these  with  such  skill  that  they  can 
stand  off  and  hit  a  sparrow  in  the  middle;  and,  in  order  to 


4r>'2 


r.\riii:r  .\\i)n::\v  win:/:. .«.  j: 


i    t 


l)rcii!iit' cxjit'i't  l>y  pnicticf,  tlicy  tlii'dw  u  spear  in  llif  iiii*, 
i'lid  llit'M  sfiitl  til.  iiiTow  fniiii  tilt'  liu\v-.stiiF\y;  'iiid  diivc  it 
i.ilii  till"  siu'ii,'  bcl;*;!'  it  fi'lly.  I5m  sIimt  they  (k»  not  string 
»ln'  lii)\v  vt'iv  tii.iit,  tlit'V  <'iinnol  liil  ii  iiiarl\  at  a  ixit-nt  ills- 
tanci'.  JJy  nn'ans  (if  tlicsr  wrni'ons  tiny  live,  antl  p»  <iiit 
♦•vj'ry  (liiy  tliiu  null  the  (Iflds  and  ivoods  m:  liuat  stinint'Is, 
i;ai'tii(isxt's,  turkeys.  aii<l  wild  an:ni;ds.  'li.crc  is  an  almn- 
danci'  of  ail  these,  (liuiiuli  we  oiirsel-  es  do  iiol  yet  veiilnio 
to  procdre  I'ood  by  hunting,  for  fear  of  andmsiies 

"The  Indians  livein  liouses  Inultinan  oliloii^^ «>val  sliape. 
Li<.dii:  is  admit  ltd  into  these  tliroiinh  tho  I'oof,  by  a  wiiulow 
a  foot  and  a  lialf  loai^;  tlil-ialso  siirves  to  carry  oil' the 
.'inoke,  for  they  kindle  the  Ii  res  in  the  middle  of  the  lloor 
iMul  sieej)  aroniiil  it.  Their  kin,ij;s,  however,  and  chief  men 
have  privatf^  apart nients,  as  it  were,  of  their  own,  and 
beds,  made  by  driviii,!;-  four  posts  into  tlu*  fxroiind.  and  ar- 
ranuini,'  poles  above  tln'in  hoii/ontally. 

"One  of  these  eal)ins  has  fallen  to  nie  and  niy  associiitrs, 
in  wincli  we  ar(»  acconiod.'ited  well  enoiiirh  for  fiie  time,  un- 
til larger  dwellin,i;s  are  ])i(»vide(l.  Yoii  may  call  this  Mr 
frsf  chfipd  hi  Mil  ii/hni<l,  ilioii^h  it  is  fitted  up  much  more 
decently  liian  when  the  Indians  liv<'d  in  it. 

"This  pi'ople  are  of  a  frank  and  che -rful  disposition, 
!ind  understand  any  matter  coi'rectly  when  it  is  stated  to 
them.  'I'liey  have  a  keen  sense  of  taste  ami  smell,  and  in 
si<;ht,  too,  they  suritass  the  Kuroiieaus.  I-'or  the  most  jort, 
tlioy  live  on  a  kind  of  paste,  which  they  naaie  Pone,  and 
Oin/m\'  botli  of  which  are  ma-'e  of  Indian  ciMri.  Smiie- 
times  tli"y  aild  lish,or  what  they  have  jtrocured  by  huuliiiL;- 
and  fowlinij:.  They  are  ("specially  careful  to  refrain  t'lom 
wine  and  wai-m  drinks,  and  nrt>  not  easily  jiersiiaded  to 
tast(j  them,  if  we  except  some  whom  the  En,t;iish  havecor- 
rni)ted  with  their  own  vic(^s. 

"With  res{iect  to  ]>uri^y,  T  conf(>>s  that  1  liave  not  yet 
observed,  i;i  man  or  woman,  any  act  which  even  savoreil  of 


'  The  ri'Mi'.rr  will  lilirly  rcr:ill  niirvvrinl  hrttnlnii,  wtiirl,  \->  miiti'T  iii'iri'  !iiir  lews  ilun  ii  t.nr.-n'.vi'il 
Indinn  l'T!:i  lliu  \v,:<  civili;'.,  il  i\irl  ;:r:inl;'(l  lliu  ri;:lils  and  ir.-ivilfgi'S  of  a  placo  ill  \\  ub^U'i' a 
"Unabridged  Dictionuri-."' 


iwr.'iri:  a\:)!:::\\'  \vif,:v.  s.  r. 


a:>:\ 


in  (111'  !iir, 
iiid  (li'iv(>  it 
1)  not  string 
ii  ,!J,rt'iil   (lis- 

tiiiil  p>  <)(it 
t  Miniricls, 

Is  ill)    iillllll- 

yt't  viMitmo 

[•H 

n\;il  sll!i)it', 
y  !i  w iiiditw 
wry  oil'  ili(> 

of   tlir  floor 

1   cliicf  null 

■  own,  and 
n<l.  :ii!(l  :!!•- 

■  .issociatrs, 
u>  time,  iin* 
111!  this  //n' 

niurii  more 

;lisi)osition, 
Is  stiitrd  to 
nidi,  iind  in 

•  most  ]);irt, 

•  /'(>)i(\  iiiid 
M'li.     Somc- 

by  luintiiii;- 
'IV:un  Troiii 
'rsn:i(|cd  to 
li  linvi'cor- 

ivc  not  ypf, 
savorcil  of 


iliico  ill  \\  ub>UT  a 


h\\\\\  yi't  tlwy  !ii''' thiily  with  iis  nnd  rmcnu  ti"  and  tuUn 
])h'iisnr»''  in  nnr  -^ocii'ty.  'I'hcy  run  lo  ns  of  liiriidv.n  jic- 
cold  w'th  :i  riircrrnl  cxpn'ssion  on  llnir  !":i<-(':'  nnd  oll\'r  ns 
\\\\;\f  they  li.-ivc  fdvfii  in  hnntin":  ni  Ushinir.  SomnltiKs 
Ihi'ysdso  liiin.ijns  food,  jind  oysti-rs  I'oih-d  niid  roiisli'd; 
1111(1  lliis  lln-y  d")  when  invit.'d  in  ii  f.-w  words  of  iht'h  own 
l:iin;nn;it<',  wliiclMv<>  liiivc  <ontri\<il  to  hnrn  l»y  mriins  of 
slirns.  'I'li'-y  imirry  s.'vcrnl  "ivcs.  yet  they  Jiicp  inviohift' 
tlirir  <'onjii^:il  f'liili.  'I'lif  v. oiiu'ii  iiicst'Ht  ii  s(»l'i'i',  nioch'^o 
jijipcnriinn'. 

"These  Iniliiins  cherisli  <ifnt'rons  f.  cliniis  towards  all, 
and  niakf  a  return  for  whalfvrr  Uimlncss  yon  may  have 
.shown  tlii'ip.  'i'hcy  resolve  npon  nothiir.!:  rashly,  c»r  while 
inlliienc'd  by  a  siidileii  inipnlseol  tli<' miml,  Imf  act  with 
deliberation.  When,  at  any  lime,  anythinij:  of  ini|ioitanee 
is  jtroposed,  they  think  over  it  a  while  in  silence;  then  lliey 
sjieali  biietly  for  or  auainst  it.  Of  their  pnrpose  the\  are 
verv  tenacious.  Surely  these  men.  if  once  imbued  witii 
Chri.-.tian  jn-ecepts— and  there  ^e(  ins  to  be  n()lhin<-'  op- 
poses thisexc.'pt  our  itrnorance  of  the  lan,!:na^'e  siioken  in 
these  parts  will  become  einineiii  observers  of  virtue  and 
litiiiianily.  'I'hey  .ire  poss.-ssed  with  a  wonderful  loii.uiiiLC 
for  civilized  intercourse  wlih  us.  and  for  European  jiar- 
nients.  And  tln-y  wiuild  lonir  n.iro  have  worn  clothin,!''.  if 
they  had  not  been  i>revented  by  the  avarice  of  the  mer- 
chants, who  do  nor  cxchan.uc  their  cloth  fo"  any  thin  >;•  e.\- 
cc]it  beavers.  I'nt  every  one  cannot  -ret  a  l>eaver  by 
hnntin.u:.  (iol  fo:'l)id  that  v.-e  should  imit::le  the  avarice  of 
these  men! 

"On  account  of  our  lirnorance  of  iIkIi-  lani:iia,i:e.  it  does 
not  yet  ai)pear  wli:;t  ideas  the  Indians  have  about  reli,iiion. 
We  do  not  put  nuu-h  confidence  in  tbi'  Protestant  inter- 
preters; nnd  liavo  rather  h.istily  learned  the  following: 

They  acknowledii-e  one  (Jod  of  rb'av<>n.  yet  they  pay  lilm 
no  outward  worship.  Ibit  in  every  Avay  they  strive  to 
]>lease  a  certain  imauinary  spirit  which  they  call  oc7/r(,  that 
he  may  not  hurl  them.  Torn  and  lire,  i  learn,  they  worship 
as  gods  that  are  very  bountiful  to  the  human  race. 


m 


F.\Tin:n  A.\nin:\v  wniri:,  s.j. 


'•Soiiif  (»l  (Mir  pMity  ifpnit  Hint  I  lies  saw  llu;  fullduiim 
f.'iviiioiiy  ill  till'  tfiiiiilc  nl  Itiin-lin.vi  III :  On  u  day  tip- 
lM»iiii.'(l/all  iIk-  iii.'ii  ami  wniiifn  ol'  .-vfi-y  iiK<',  from  si-vrrul 
tllstricts,  jj;allit'ir(l  lop'tlitT  antiiiitl  a  laf^v  liiv.  'I'Iih 
VdUiij;.'!' oiu's  stood  m-ai't'st  ilif  jiii';  and  iH-liiiid  t lifiii  stond 
thusc  uliu  wciv  uldrr.  TIu'Ii  tlh'V  iliivw  dc'i-'s  lat  uii  llio 
liiv,  and  liftinix  up  ili'ir  liaiids  toward-*  ln-avcn.  and  raisin;^ 
tlii'ir  viiici's,  tlii'v  nic  I  iiiit  :     'Valin:"  'Valin:' 

'•  |{(»ii:ii  I) 'iiU  III  id ',  s  lint' <»iii' fliiMi  l)iiii.;-<  I'ni'uard  tpiitc 
u  laiii'i*  \r.\:x.  in  it  inv  a  pii>t',  and  a  powder  callfil  '/xifx.' 
Till'  pijM-  is  sncli  a  uikmis  is  nscd  anions  U"^  '""»>■  sm<>kiii,i;'  t"- 
hacco,  l)iit  miicli  larui-r.  Around  ilic  liro  tin,'  IwA  is  carrifil, 
till'  lioys  and  uirls  rollouiii'^-  it.  ami  sinuiiii;' altfrnat.'Iy.  wiili 
(piitc  pIi'Msaiit  voices:  'Vali(»:'  'Yalitl'  Having'  coiii- 
lili'ti'd  tilt"  ciivuit.  til.'  i)ipi'  is  taken  out  oT  the  lia.Li;,  and  the 
])o\vder  called  'poUr  is  distrilmted  to  all  as  they  stand  lu'ar. 
This  is  then  li-hted  in  the  pipe,  and  each  one.  drawiii.i;- 
Niiioke.  Mows  it  over  the  various  iiieiiil)i  is  ol"  his  or  her 
body  and  thus  consecrates  them.  My  inroiinants  were  not 
allowed    to  l.'arii  anythiiiix  more,  except    ilml    the  Indians 

seem    to  have  solil;'   kllowledi:e  of  the  delllU'e   hy  which    tlio 

-world  was  destroyed  on  account  oi  the  wick"dness  ol"  man- 
kind. 

••  We  have  been  here  only  one  month.  :ind  so  the  remain- 
in,u'  particulars  must  be  kept  for  the  next  voyage.  I'lit 
this  I  may  add:  The  land  seems  to  be  reiiiaikably  Certile. 
In  passiiii;'  throimh  th(>  very  thick  wooils.  we  tread,  at  every 
Htep,  on  strawberries,  vines,  sassafras,  acorns,  and  walnnts. 
The  soil  is  dark  ami  not  hard,  to  the  depth  of  a  foot,  and 
overlays  a  rich  red  clay.  Kvery where  there  are  lofty 
tnM's,  except  where  tile  land  has  been  cultivated  by  a  few 
persons. 

'•Numerous  sprlnus  furnish  a  sup)>ly  of  w;itcr.  No  ani- 
mals are  seen  except  deer,  l)eavers.  and  sipiirrels.  The 
Hcpiirrels  are  as  laru:e  MS  the  hares  of  Kiirope.  There  i.s  an 
inlinite  number  of  bii'ds  of  various  colors,  such  as  eades, 
cranes,  geese,  dueks,  and  i)art ridges.  From  these  facts  it 
i.s  inferred  that  the  country  is  nut  without  such  things  as 


r.\Tiii:n  wnnnw  wiirii:  s  j 


•Vio 


lilt!  ft»lluuin,i4 

It  a  tliiy  tip- 

lie  nil  sfvcnil 

.-    liiv.      Til.. 

il     IIK'III  StlMul 

"h  fat  t»n  tlid 
I,  ami  niisiii!'; 

oiuiinl  <|iiitt' 
i';illi'(l  ' polii.' 
•  siiiokluu;  tti- 
iii;;;  is  canit'il, 
'iiiatt'ly.  w  iili 
lla\iii;i'  (•(tiii- 
l»a,!j;.  and  the 
•y  staii'l  iirai'. 
one,  (liauiii.!;- 
if  liis  or  licr 
ants  were  not 
I  ilir  Indians 
liy  wiiicii  tlio 
liifss  of  nian- 

,o  till'  vcniain- 
voyaicc.  1)111 
kably  fertile. 
rea<l.  at  every 
and  walnuts, 
if  a  ffint,  and 
■re  are  lofty 
ited  by  a  few 

tor.  No  ani- 
[uirrels.  Tho 
Tliere  is  an 
irli  as  eairU's, 
tliesc  facts  it 
.ich  things  as 


rnn..il.nt.>  to  the  prosperity  or  iil.'as.re  of  tliose.ho.n 

'"uVmnst   now  turn  onr  attention  to  the  mission^.  a.M 
d-ineeat  the  holv  and  heruie  labor,  of  the  Aposil..  of  Mm> 
In      a    I    his  n.tnpanions.     Father  White  was    h  ty  l.ve 
V       so:...Vul..Mn;el„..anthe,i.an.ienisKoftod.n.^ 
hen,nve,;ionofthered.nan.     Ib.t  noih.n..-lannted  tli.i 
,,,,,vesu,.l.     Wiih  all  tlieardorof  youth  he  at  on.v  applied 
,,i;„seir -o  the  study  of  ihe  Indian  lat.^Mn.^es,  11,  wh.ehh.^ 
,.,,,,,,,,,.  aillienlties  n.nrh  Itu'ieased  l.y  ilM-numhet- ol  dm 

'"  ns,.da.noa.. he  varions  tribes.     N-  V  ;7>  ^  '^j^; 
,„.,itss,.rronndia,^distri.-tha.la, nhar  d.alert        M  th 

l,.siheu  inhabiiin,'  Maryland,  the  most   puuv.lul  we,. 
:  ;;..,;;.d,annas,     wH..    u..,..  s..bd.vi.h.d     into    sevenil 
Lall.Tliil."^.     Anion,Mh..laii.Tlh..,nostp. uneiir  u.«,o 

tl„.  Pas.Mtauavsan.l  the  l»atii\ent-..  .       ,      .  -,.   , 

^V,;.,,,n..iisp.,V.tio,,s.d  the  India,,,  in  the 

vi'i    ,;.fSt.M;,,ys.'nn.n,-a^..dthe.l..sn,tla.h..|^t....n. 

r      nho,.es..f  tlen„,ve,.aonof  n.anyol    the.uit.ves  to 

n.  V      Hat.  inth.>sen.ndyear..f   thendony   Ob- 

s,.!h..i,M>i'>Ms  design  w..r... blown  In  tlH.  way,  wli. 

;:       ,.d    .1....,;   r-m   ext..ndin^    |li..irv.M.s   '-y;- 
,  .,s  ..f  .1...  settI.Mn.<„t.     It  was  in  the  ea,ly  PM.'  Md 

'„,..',    ,,.„ ivtwelv..  ,n..nths  affr  the  a,riv:d  ..I  tl,., 

yea,-1(U)-s..,,      vr  ^^   Clayb..,',,.^    sac- 

"'T:i::::ci  ^  s  :^o:s..ftiiein.i^ 


:  ^ 


M 
>,\/ 


J 


hwruF.n  .{siiiU'AY  wirrn:.  s.  j. 


t\\\\H  Til  liiit  littl.'  fniit  fi'orii  Ir,  I'spprlally  nmontr  flu»  y:»v. 
P'jf"*.  Nvliosi'  limvrniiu:**  h  «|t»\vly  iic(|iiir»'i|  |»y  oiii'  iititiitr\- 
iiHii,  mill  ran  litiiMly  l)i>  wriUi'ii  at  all.  HniplHytil  licii' ar<> 
Jlri  iisMicJaft's. ///// (  piit'sfs,  ami /"•"  a^'^Kt  iiifH.  w  hii,  III  Iiu|ii; 
ol'  I'uliii'i'  T'-Hiilfs,  fiiiltirt'  lli<  ir  jut'Ni'iit  Inijs  wiili  ;:i»'al  rlicci'- 
falii«'HM  " 

111  in:!f'*,  aiiotlii'i'  pilcst  was  ail<li><l  (d  tlit>  Ninall  Iniiid  of 
nii'»shili(   Jaiirdi'is. 

Aiiiuiin'  tilt'  acts  tif  tlif  (ii'iit-ral  AxHcnilily  ln-lil  at  Si.  .Mai'y'n 
ill  .January,  in.(7  is  tli<>  toliuwinir,  wliidi  is  ^i\«>ii  al'tcia  luii^ 
liHt  nf  iiatir's  .  '  .Mfi'i.  wci'f  MiimiiiHiKMl  i(»a|t|M'ait'  Ityvri'tiin 
o!  Wlills  to  llli'lii  illivctcd  Ml. 'ri|i»iiias  ('iijil.  y  Ml.  AihIivw 
Wliii"'.  Mr  .lojiii  AltliaMi<»r  St.  Mary's  liiiiitlivd.  IJo'irrt 
ClarUi'.  M''iif.,  apin'aivd  I'nr  tliciii,  and  t'Xcii.sfd  tlu'li  aljsciu'O 
by  rt'asdii  of  si«'kin'ss." 

'I'lic  ri'a<l«'r  uill.  d(mlitlt'ss.  lip  surprised  (o  mm-  iIic  .Vposilc 
itl'  Maryland  simply  styli-il  "Mr.  .\ndivu-  White.  '  lint  Iim 
nnist  i.'ni"iiil»i'r  that  this  is  the  niiirteeiith  cenlMr),  and  that 
Mii.ulaiid  iHt  htii;ier  rules  Ity  liarl)arn:is  penal  laws.  'I'iio 
foreiioinii  was  written  in  the  seventeenth  eentiiry.  Then,  it 
Wdiild  liave  Iiei'ii  very  I'ai  Iroiii  safe  opdily  to  ri'e(n>iii/e  ti 
('.•itliulic  priest  l»y  iIk^  title  of  "  |{e\ereiid  ;"  and  in  the  .Mary- 
land state  records  we  iiiid  a  prudent  eanlion  in  this  respeet, 
to  avoid  any  pablii!  oi-  apparent  disren'ard  of  the  \ile  rod(» 
then  in  force  in  the  Mother  Connlry  auainst  Catholie  ^irie.sts, 
and  particiilarly  the  Kathers  of  the  Society  of  .lesiis. 

Dividini;'  his  lime  between  the  settlers  and  the  Indians, 
Father  \\'liit<!  continued  his  unceasinix  toils.  Ilr  not  only 
mastered  tlie  Indian  lanyiiap',  but  comp<ise(l  a  ^rraniniar, 
dicliiHiary,  and  catechism  in  if.  (o»d  bli-ss'd  his  lalxirsand 
those  of  his  collt'an'iies.  Of  the  I'l'otestants  in  the  c<iioiiy, 
^ve  learn  that,  many  retiirne<l  to  the  l-'aith  of  their  failiers. 

•'AmoiiLj  the  Protestants,"  writt-s  one  (tf  the  missionaries 
in  a  letter,  "nearly  all  who  have  come  from  Knuliind.  in 
this  year  1(5;}S,  ami  many  of  hers,  have  been  coiiveiird  to  tim 
Faith,  to2^ether  with  four  s -rvants,  whom  we  purchased  in 
Viriiinia.  and  live  mechanics  whom  we  liired  for  a  month, 
and  have  in  the  meantime  won  to  (fod.     Not   havj;  after- 


FATiirn  Axntirw  wirirr.  f.J 


4M 


lonar  Mn'  >•  iv- 

•  >iir  iMiiiitry. 
tyttl  lii'ii'  mi; 
wlm,  in  liujir 

mall  IkiiiiI  hI' 

iir  St.  Marv'.s 
>ii  til'tfia  lutii; 
ic  Ity  Veil  tin 
Mr.  .Vinlivsv 
iv<l.  i:(.'M>rt 
tlit'lt  ahscnco 

I'  till'  Aptisllc 

If.    ■         \U\t    llM 

my,  iitul  iliai 
I  la\\>.  'lilt' 
1  y.     'riifii,  it 

i>    l'i'('(i;^Hi/t'    a 

I  ill  the  .\Iaiy- 

I  fllis  icspfct, 
III*'  \  ih'  (mmIc 
llmlic  -iiit'sis, 

.IfSllS. 

Ill*'  [mliaiis, 

ill'  lint    (iiily 

a  ^naiiiiiiar, 

lis  lalxii's  and 

II  llif  cdldiiy, 
lifir  fatlicrs. 

•  »iiissi(»iiari<'.s 
I  Kiiuland,  in 
ivci'Icd  lo  tlm 
piU'cJiastMl  in 

for  a  tiioiitli, 
t   hnv'  iiftt'i'- 


wnnN,  oiif  <tf  ilii'Sf,  afh-r  ln'iii„'  duly  |tri>|tfiri"l  f«>r  tlfiilii, 
l>y  riM'1'lviii'.x  tin-  •Hurraiiu'iil'*,  tli'|t:irt»'d  iliis  lift'. 

•'A  «' 'I'laiti  linn."  ••M!iliiiii"H  ilif  -iim  '  wrilft .  ♦'•Tififffy 
iiiikliiiwii  lt>  11".,  Itiil  a  /.t'aittiM  t|i«.ci|i|(  nf  ihc  |»iii|f«.talit  n*- 
liu'iitii,  wan  MlayiP','  with  a  frifiiil  ulm  uaMi»iil|  iiinrt'/faloiiH; 
timl  liavin;;  l>*>t>ii  Ititti  ti  li\  oiif  nf  tlif  Miiaki'<«  wliirli  hIkhiikI 
ill  tlitwi'  parN,  \\i\H  «'X|it'('iiii':'  iniiiit'iliat)'  di'iitlt.  (Mif  t>i' 
Kiir  iNiflii'i'i.  liiidiiiir  this  out.  t'i'tk  with  him  a  >«iiru'<'<'ii.  mitl 
liiirrii'd  i.»  tli"  lii-Js  man  wlit>,  it  was  r.'p.irtid.  lia<l  alicatly 
IjMt  IiIh  mchhi'jh— with  tilt"  iiitfiiti'iii  ttf  miiiisltiiii','  ti>  lii4 
M.iil  ill  liny  way  that  In*  citiihl.  lint  thf  li<»st  dlvinimr  liin 
inti'iiiittii.  tii'l  ti»  tliwart  h's  iiimis  clTnris.  'I'lif  prit-t. 
howfvt'i'.  as  111'  ciiiild  Tri'l  iHMdhi-r  o;.|>  .rinnity.  dftfrmiiifd 
tt>  stay  all  iii^lit  with  thf  sii-h  man.  Mill  this  ||i«»  lio.tt  also 
inwi'iit  'd;  and  IfHi  thf  l''atlifr  sht.iild  !•  •  a  liiiittfd  at  nluht. 
lif  iii»pi>iiil'il  a  .u'liartl  li>  slti-p  i>ii  a  \>>'{\  laiti  afi'ii>s  tin-  dtMii- 
of  thf  fliain'tfr  o('('ii[»ifd  l»y  lii«<  sifk  frifiid.  Nf\fri|if- 
Ifss,  thf  piifst  kfpt  on  thf  wntidi  ft»r  fVfry  opportnnily  of 
approatli.  (Jttimj;  at  midniuhi  wlu'ii  lif  siipposfil  ihj 
';tiard  woiilil  Itff^prfinlly  ovfrftiiiif  liy  siffp  lit- contiiNfJ., 
without  disiiiiliiiii;'  liiai,  to  pass  it;  Itt  thf  siidt  man;  and  at 
till'  dfsii'f  of  tilt  latter  lit'  was  ivcfivfil  into  thf  Calholici 
Cliiiivh.  ,\!ilioMU'h.  niidfr  tin-  fiivniiistaiiffs.  it  was  iinpo.s- 
sihlf  that  till'  sitdc  ni;in  shoiihl  l»f  taiiuht  nimdi,  or  hf  liinily 
fstaMishftl  in  his  hfliid",  yt-f.  \vhfii  fontrary  to  all  f.vpfc- 
tatii»n  hf  had  Itffii  ciirfil  I>y  itii-siiri^foii,  tin- .u'lacf  of  (Jod 
pi'fvailftl  with  him.  lit- clios..  raiiif r  to  hf  put  out  of  his 
frifml's  hoiisf  than  to  rffrad  wliat  In-  hail  doiif;  indfiil. 
lif  fVfM  (Miiif  to  lis  id'  his  own  arcord,  and  happily  com- 
jili'tfd  thf  work  lif  had  bfiiHii. 

"Anothfrmaii,  who  was  of  noI)If  hirlli.  had  l»ffii  ifdncfd 
to  siifh  povfity  l>y  his  own  nmvstraiiifil  liffntioii.siifss,  that 
hf  sold  himstdf  into  this  colony.  Ilfiv,  wlwii  lie  had  bfcn 
nrallfd  hy  oil'  of  ns  to  th"  ri-lit  Faith  and  thf  fruit  of 
f^ood  liviiiu',  hf  always  anxiously  iloiilitfil  whfllnT  hf  had 
fiitfii'd  on  til"  saff  road.  On  oiif  orcasion,  wdifii  lie  had 
fiilnistfd  himsflf  to  thf  sea,  in  a  small  skilT,  and  a  friulit- 
fiil  storm  arosn,  such  as  hf  had  never  sfcii    thon,ij;h  Ik?  hud 


ntU'U  nu't  with  NtiniiiK  lit  fivn  n»nl  riTiuIti  thlinvrt'rk  nU\r<'>\ 
hlrii  ilk  till*  fin'««,  liM  •'lUiH'ttly  |n,iyi'<l  t<»  UimI  ilmt  in  nuifli 
nntl'in  of  tlio  fulfil  In-  lui'l  liiffly  ik  ,.|vftl  if  If  u.i.'  rnilly 
ti'tti'  lie  woiilil  vvudI  oir  fill'  liiiiH'iitliii;^:  <laii;;<'t-.  'i'ln*  Al 
iiiiulily  iMviitl  lii<4  |ir:iytr.  Tlic  Htoirii  liiiiiftl  in  aiiHilnr 
iMi'iN'tioii :  mill  iMi>li:tki'ii  cuniU'lion  niMIoI  liin  wuvnin;,' 
inltPJ. 

••.Not  liiti^  iiffi'iwiU'ilH  tills  m:iii  Wit  4  lirni.lil  tn  tli<'  la^l 
t'Xfi'i'iiiliy  I'y  II  sitvi'i'ti  Wht'dsc.  Ill'  ii'i'fUnl  III!  iln'  r«ii<in. 
in  >:itH  III). lilt  nil  li'Uir  hi'tori*  IiIih  dfatlt,  iitul  a^nlifd  |i|h  CiiIIio. 
li.' iift.'M'laMt  to  |»niy  for  Itini.  .  ,  .  Sliicf  liU  Iniilal  ii  vny 
Itriulit  li;:lif  lias  oil. 'II  l)."ti  seen  al  iil^lit  aioiiiiil  his  imiili, 
t!vni  l>\  l'rHtr««ttiiil  t." 

It  appt'ais  tilt'  spiritual  Htitoof  llii>  Maiylaiitl  rnlmiy  ,it  this 
j)««rio(hvaHiuliiiliiil>lt'.  "As  fur  tlii»  ratlmliis,"  olisfivi's  tltn 
fiH'fu'oiiiir  wrlftT,  "flip  atf"'iii|ani'o  on  tln'  sncniiiH'iits  linv  is 
hit  lar;i<'.  iliai  it  is  nut  irrisitci' aiimii'.j  ilic  IIiiihi'cuuh,  in  jnu- 
piM'tiDll  tn  til*'  lllltilli'l'  of  (!ul  holies.  TIh'  IIKH'i'  iji^lioltint 
li  iVf  lii'i'll  calarhist'd.  aiiil  ratt'clu'lii'al  Itcfnirw  have  I'i'ili  <!»(• 
ilvt'ii'd  for  the  more  adsaiieid  even  Similay.  <>ii  feaNt-days 
Hi'llllolis  have  laiely  heell  neglected.  The  sJrU  tilld  d\ili;r, 
Mho  liave  been  very  nmneions  this  year,  and  wlio  dwelt  far 
npart,  we  hmi'  assisted  in  ev«'ry  way,  so  thai  not  even  a 
Hin^fle  one  Ii;is  died  wiilioal  the  sacrameiiis.  \ery  many  v  u 
have  Imrieil.  ainl  we  have  Impti/ed  vaiioiis  pi'isons,  And, 
alilniii-:li  there  are  not  waniinu;  freipieiit  raii>es  of  dissen- 
hioii,  yei  nonnof  any  imporlance  has  arisen  here  in  the  last 
niiit'  iiionths  wliieh  we  liavi*  not  inmiedjiilely  allayed.  iJy 
till'  l>Ii'Ssiii;H  of  MO  I  we  have  this  eoii>ol;itio|l  that  lio  vices 
h|)l'ilU'  lip  ailion.'^  the  new  Cit  holies,  allhouull  setlleilieiils  of 

tills  Iviiid  are  nut  usually  nupplied  from  the  hest  elass  nf 
men. 

"in  N'iri^inia  we  '/onirht  olV  two  C'atholifs.  who  lia<l  sold 
tlieaisi'lves  into  l)i)n'la'..'e:  nor  was  tlio  money  ill-spent,  for 
liotli   showtul    themselvi's  tiood  Christians.'     One,    indfed, 


•"T1>N  rlrr«m«t.inw,"  wrlli'«  Dr.  n.  II.  eliirki".  "wmilil  »c'cin  to  pnivc  mi  Imii'iriaiii  fii'i  In  'hr 
liMiiry  nf  l!\i'  ciiiiiiirv.  f.  c.  Ilmt  dlaviT.v  i-M«|i'l  i:i  \lr„'liil»  before  llir  IlitriKliiilluii  uf  iliu 
httU^n." '■  Mtmi'U- of  yji/tcr  .ln/ii(i<  tVhiU. 


L 


n 


ilitit  III  roiilki'. 

it  ufii'  ifiilly 
i^T.     'I'Ih'  a  I 
I'll  hi  aiioilicf 

h\n  uavnlii;,' 

:iit  to  iIk'  last 
till  till*  Nai'ia- 

k«Ht  his  Calho- 
IhiiImI  a  vi'iy 

mill  Ills  |iiiiil>, 

I  I  iiluiiy  ,it  tl:i.<4 
(»lifsi>rvt"s  liiM 

illtlt'tllM  h«'|i>  l.H 
tl'l'tlll-*,    ill  Jilo. 

itKH'c  ifjiiutant 

i  llilVcl>«'«'IMU»« 

Oil  rfiiNf-<iii\,s 

I  k  iiml  <l\iii;r, 
whu  ilwflt  I'iir 
Kit  not  ••veil  a 
N'i'iy  iiiiiiiy  v\i 
M'l'suiis,  And, 
iM's  (»r  disscti' 
K'li'  ill  lln'  last 
■  alliiyt'd.     IJy 

lIlMt    IK)   \  ict'S 

sctljt'llifllls  of 
I'   licst   cliiss  of 

who  hiul  sold 

y  ill-s|)('iit.  for 

Out',    iiidtM'd, 


111  liiip'irtniif  flirt  l:i  ilu- 
he  liitrixlui'tliiii  of  tliu 


r.xTiiKii  .wMinn  \Min%  n.  /. 


iinri>'»"«'»«"«  thf  ordiiiaiy  Nlatidanl     Sr»iii«»  orhris  havi»  pi-r 
li»»itii>i  lhi»  wini«'  duly  of  rharlly,  Imi>Iii«  thfiHv  t'alholk 
wivaiilt,  \\h»»  alt*  vi'i'y  iimmhumis  in   Hint  roiiaii\.     'rhiTf 
pvi'iy  y«'iif,  v»'i'y  iminy  •«-ll  iiii'iii"»«l\'"«  iiHo  htiiidiiu'<';  iiinl 
ll\ili.C  iiiiioiitx  iiii'ii  of  thf  ttoi'"«t  ••\aiiipl«',  and  luiit;;  d«'silfiit«' 
of  all  Hpiritiial  aid,  they  coiniiiuiily  iiial^i'  HldpwiiTli  i*f  thiir 

H»uh.  " 

III  tin-  \.'iir  liJ;!'.i.  \\<'  Had  hitlirr  White  ilnfifiillv  foilin;^ 
tiway  ill  i\itt!iiiiiii|itiiidi,'  an  liidiaii  town  dixlaitt  ota'  linu> 
ilri'ii  and  twfiiiy  iiilh*?*  from  Sr.  Mary'ii.  "Then'  aiv,'* 
wrt»ti' oil  •  of  ih*  .It'Hiiif  P.uit'i'H  III  tint  ytMf,  "in  this  nils- 
hlon  foiii'  priiHts  and  oii(»  rondjntoi'.  All  an'  in  |i|;ii<'s  far 
distant  thus  doiilitlcss  as  ti;i'y  )',Npirt  to  oliain  an  i  arlii-t 
ari|iialiilan('i'  with  llif  Miviitfi*  laiimia;:"'.  aiiu  |i|o|ia«;iil('  nn»i'M 
widtls  tin*  Mjiri't'd  I'aiili  of  tlif  (to«.|Ml.  I'athi'r  .hdin  Ihoi  k, 
tilt'  Sii|M*fioi',  \>ilh  a  roadjntoi'  lnotlifi-  Hiiiaiiis  on  ;!ii« 
jiltinlalioii.  M -h-iiavN  it'll  w  hii'li  was  ;:iM'n  lis  liy  Maipniftt- 
ini'ii,  ill'' ''hii-r  oi'  I'i.tiix 'tit  is  a  t'l'i'taiii  storihoiist' of  tliis 
liliM,'«Io:t,  uiniii-)'  nio^t  of  oiii' liotiily  mi|  pliis  aif  oliiailitil. 
Valhi'r  riiiiip  i'i^hiT  livfs  in  tlif  piliiripal  to\Mi  of  thf 
roJMliy.  to  uhirli  ill.' liaiiif  tif  St,  M:;iy"s  is  givm.  I'alhfV' 
.hihii  <irast'iii'r  lives  on  i\i'iit  hlaml.  sixty  iiiilfs  di>iant. 
I''atlii'i'  Aiidft'w  W'liiif  i>  siill  fnitht'i' tlisiant  •  oih'  hnndnil 
mid  luriity  mill's  at  Kittmnnipiindi.  Ihfcapilal  of  Tast-ato. 
wav.  Siuci'.lmii'.  |ti:!'.».  Iif  has  ivsidfd  in  the  uiywaiiiof  ili»^ 
Ixiti':  liinis.'lf.     lit-  is  •■all.'  I  Tayac"' 

Whv  ilin  vfiit'i-alih'  I'athi'r  Wliitf  u  iil  lo  Kittaiiiatpiindi 
Is  thus  cxplaiiii'd.  at  h'liuth.  in  iln'  Ifttcr  Just  (piotfd: 
"  ill- had  lii'stownl  iiiiii'h  liiiii-aiid  ialoi'  for  tin- ('oiH(i>ioii 
of  fill' Ixiim-  of  PatiiM'iit,  whiili.  iiiih'til.  was  cxpccifd  hy 
lis  all.  lioth  on  account  of  tli."  ivcollcctio  .  of  kindness  re- 
ceived for,  as  we  have  stated,  he  ^ave  a  farir.  to  the  So- 
ciety   and  hecause  he  was  Miid  to  lie  very  powerful  aiimii^ 

I  Klttiimni|iilnill  «ih  »ltimti'il.  It m-.  ii"t  i   t  rrmii  'lie  ►lli'  of  i'im  rlly  .if  Wu-hliifton,  J>.  C. 

<lf  till-'  imi'li'iit  KIIIiiiiiuiiuIikII,  llr.  U.  It,  t  liiki-  (ili-ir\f,  ttim  It  1^  Miinioi-id  •  ru  Ui'  Uu'  ■  Ilu  'il 
till'  pri'Tiil  vlliitfi'  (tl  I'l-ciitiiHiiy." 

»  T.iVMC,  or  K  II'-',  "II"  III"  tlllc  niiliiT  Ml.  II  lil>  niiiin'.  Hlilrh  wii"  f lill'iiii.iroti,  Sir  •Uitchnf 
<'lili(im;iri)ii,  nr  clinrliM  tUu  Iii>l;uii  Kl  i;,  in  lln'  I'^iiiuiur  lUilnrn  17  th.  L'Mwdc  (.lo<ic\  iii  ./i« 
l/il^(/*?</t«,p.  DO. 


I  j' 


fit 

t;!) 


4no 


FM'iir.u  .\\Di!i:\\'  Winn:,  s.  j. 


tlif  Iwrbarlniis,  on  jircdimt  ol  liis  ici»iifittinii  forwisilon.  mikI 
]n!li:('i!c<'.  Sonit'  of  I  In-  ncdjilc  (•!'  tins  kiii,i;  liiid  <'(iiuH'»'t('(l 
tiii'iiMrlvrs  Willi  till'  lold  <.r  <"liiisi:  iiiid  iic  hiiiisfll'  •^\^■ 
])i';iri'l  ii'miidiiitly  iiisinirti'd  in  tin-  first  principles  ol'  tin- 
J'aitli,  when  lo!    nnhijipy  n-nn,  li<'  lir-t   provastinutcs,  then 

liy  (It'ui s  licuiin  to  urow  indiiViTcni,  and  lastly,  in  an  oin-n 

niaan  'r,  to  'nt-idv.  olV  iiltop-tiicr  IVoni  tlic  di-siii'ii  lie  had 
connnrnct'd.  Nor  \\as  this  al!.  11"  ,!j:avc  indications  too 
cliMv  to  be  niisnndci'stood  that  his  ndiid  was  entirely 
nli.'natcd  from  the  \vli(.le  colony.  Th.-n  (Jovei'iior  Calvert, 
til'ter  prisdeiitly  soundinu  the  mailer,  ddrrmined.  by  the  ad- 

VI f  his  IVienils.  th;it  the  Father  should  he  n'cwlled  I'loiii 

the  lios]iii;dity  of  the  lui-,-  lest  nnexpeciedly  the  liarlia- 
rian  sh')a!  1  u'^ve  s)'n  •  ex  imple  of  h'-;  peril  ly  ami  cruelty 
a.u-aiiistaii  innocmt  mia;  or.  imh'e  1,  I  '-^t  this  hitsiaue.  ms  it 
\vere.  l>e!n,n-  left  \v;;h  I ln'  kim-',  he  himself  nd-lil  l»e  hin- 
dei'ed  from  bi"  'ii;  i-.hle  to  vev en '.■•■'  inj:iiie>,  if  at  any  tiinethe 
I'atnxeiit  i  iiley  shonhl  discover  i.imsrjf  an  enemy. 

"When  rulers  and  klau's  are  s[ioken  of.  let  no  one  form  in 
liis  mind  an  anii'Mst  idea  of  men.  such  as  of  the  dilVerent 
princes  in  I'jirope.  These  in  lian  kinu-s.  ilonuh  they  have 
the  most  altsolnte  power  of  life  ■^^\^\  dcalli  ovi  i-  their  jteople. 
a:i  1  ill  certain  prei-oijjatives  of  honor  ind  wealth  OA-cel  others, 
n 'vertheless.  iti  ])ersonal  appearances  they  are  scai-'-ily  aiiy- 
thiae,  remove;!  from  the  multitude.  The  only  pecidiarily 
1)v  which  you  can  disriniruish  a  <'hief  from  the  common  peo- 
]»le.  is  somi'  hadu'e.  Soiu'times  it  is  a  collar  made  of  "  viide 
jewel,  or  a  belt  or  ofl(>ner  a  cloak  ornamented  w'  .helh; 
lii  circular  r(»\vs.  T!ie  dominions  of  these  are  c*  \  ;nonly 
c;rci!mscribed  by  the  narrow  coiilines  of  a  sinule  vilia.U'e  and 
I'.i'  surrounding:  cimntry.  Tayac.  however,  rules  over  ;t 
mucii  more  extensive  reuion,  stivtchinu,' alxnit  one  hundred 
iiud  thirty  mihis.     Other  inferior  chieftains  are  also  sul)jee< 

to  liiiu 

To  Tayac.  FaHicv  Wh.ite  b-took  liiinself,  nnd  beimj; 
treated  very  kin  lly  at  the  tirst  interview,  so  attached  thn 
kinu;  to  hi:n.  that  In-  was  afterwards  held  by  him  in  tliH 
"•reatest  love  and  veneration.     With  the  Father  he  sli..>ed 


1 


FATJIJJH  .LVZ>A7iIl"  WUITi:,  S.J. 


4..L 


;i(l  (•(iiiiH'clfd 
liiinscU"  Mp- 
icipU's  of  tlic 
stiiuitcs,  then 
y.  ill  iiii  o|i»'U 
csiiiii  lit'  had 
liciititiiis  loo 
was  j'liiirt'ly 
Tiior  Calvcrf, 
■(I.  Ity  llic  iid- 
iccalli'd  I'loiu 
ly  tlic  liai'lia- 
■  ami  criii'lfy 
lioslap',  :'s  it 
,iii.:,Iil  lie  liiii- 
\  any  tiiiictlK' 
'iiiy. 

0  ciK'  form  ill 
the  (lilVi'ivnt 

uli  flwy  liav<' 
•  tlicir  pi'ojilf. 

1  t'A'CI'l  otllcl's. 

scar'TJy  aiiy- 
ly  pcciiliaiily 

coiiniioii  pi'ii- 
ladc  of  "  viido 
•d  \v'  1  .licll'. 
ire  (•(  i  fjionly 
ill'  viliaur  and 

iMii("<   over  ;i. 

one  imii'li'i'd 
:'e  als:)  sul>ji'('' 

If,  ;)nd  bcinu; 
I  attaclipd  thtt 
»y  liiin  in  the 
her  he  sli.>iL'd 


tlic  hospil.ility  of  his  own  r.'>:il';iri'.  Xor  was  flie  (piccii 
inri'i'lor  lu  hi'i'  hn^liaiiu  in  hca-Nnltncc  lo  tlicir  u'licst.  With 
no  less  care  iliaii  lal)oi-,  .she  pr«'par.';l  the  meals  with  Iicr 
(jwii  iiands. 

'•'riic  f.nise  of  tliis  r.'ai  ir!\.al)I('  alf  '('tioii  for  I  he  l-'atlier,  U 
to  I).'  rt'fi'irtMl  to  tw,>  (L'l'avis  unless  you  (Iimmii  it  projier 
lo  honor  th<>in  with  aiiotlier  iiaaie  -which  he  Itad  some  time 
jireviously.  One  of  ihe  dream>  appearecl  to  llie  mind  of 
I'wanno,  'i'ayae's  brother,  wiio  iciuiied  hefore  him.  and 
w!lom  he  sh'W.  In  ids  sleep  lie  seemed  lo  see  l''allier  White 
and  F.ithei-  (Iravea  -r  I)efo;-e  hiiii.  and  moreover  ik  hear  a 
voice  saying':  'T/ii-ic  (ire  l/ir  mm  ii-ho  J'rniii  Ihcii'  .vo///.v 
hii'c  IIkc  mi'l  III/  Hi  il  Irihi .  Willi  Ihiui-  tin ;/  In  in;/  lliosf 
hli.ssiinj-t  1)1/  LcfiirJi^  ij  llimi  i'is'hukI^  Hum  i-niisl  hi' 
hiippif ." 

"Hence  so  lively  an  imjiression  of  these  unknown  men 
i'eniaine(l  in  liis  mind  that  even  at  the  lirst  si.ulit  iie  ivcoLi'- 
ni/.ed  them  when  eomin'A'  to  liiai.  and  afleiwards  eml»race(l 
them  with  remarkaltle  alfeclion.  lie  was  also  accustomed 
to  call  l<\itlier  N\'hil(^  his  pareiil:  and  was  very  desirous  to 
commit  the  care  and  instrmiion  of  his  sons  to  him  for  seven 
years.  The  Indians  ai'e  e.\ceedini;ly  fond  ui  their  (diildicn, 
and  seldom  let  thi'in  pi  from  llieir  emliraces. 

"The  other  dream,  which  he  is  often  accustomed  to  relate, 
occni'ivil  to  Tayac  in  Ids  slee|).  lie  dreamed  that  his  de- 
cen,' 'd  father  ai)peared  btd'ore  him.  ::ccompanied  by  a  .yod 
of  a  bhick  color,  whom  lie  worshiped.  This  uod  besouiiht 
'I'ayiK!  not  to  <lcsert  him.  Al  a  slioi't  distance  there  also 
apDeai'ed  a  very  hideous  demon,  wirli  a  certain  man  nan:ed 
T'JDW.  a  most  obstinati'  heri'tic  from  Kn.uland --and,  at 
l.'Mijth,  in  another  direction  appeared  (iovernor  Calvert  and 
i''ather  White,  the  latter  accoinpanied  by  a  ,uod  of  in- 
<lescribable  beauty,  who  excelled  the  unstaine(l  snow  in  white- 
ness, and  seemed  jientiy  to  beckon  to  the  kliiu'  to  apitroacli 
him.  Fiom  that  time  Tayac  treated  both  the  Governor  a  id 
Father  White  with  tlu^ureatest  aU'ection."' 

Soon  after  another  event  happened  wlii(di  hastened  th!> 
conversion  of  the  chief.     He  was  seized  with  a  dangerouii 


'm 


FAT  in:  It  AMJlll-JW  \VHiTi:.s.j. 


illiios^  Til  vaia  .IM  forty  nu-lirin.'  in.-n  cxliimst  tl.cir  in- 
,.,,uitr.  lluMi  rluin.H.  ill.  I  tli.Mrinrintati..ns  m-.m  tli.-  \nyA- 
lr,t..a'T.iv:i.-      Onl.Tiii-  tlu'Ui    rr...n  Lis  pivs-'ruv,    he  lin- 

ril,    lui'l'a.     Th.  nussiounyki-Klly  .old   hi.n  that. t 

was  a Isary  to  hn  woll  instru.....!  li.st      '  '"' 7^'";7:;;  ^^^ 

n.is  h.nllv  sou  of  th..  forest  to  master  the  tru  l.s  ol  (hns- 
tianilv  w.M  iu'l'.Ml  truly  a.lMuraMe.  Ilimsell,  liis  wife  aiul 
his  fan.ilv  (h.ilvr.steiie^l  to  the  insmi.-ti.ms  ,.t  the  a-e.l  ims- 
sionary.  *  IV-siihs.  lie  no  h.iin-er  ch.tli.'d  himself  iiiskius,  but 
assumed  t hi' (liess  ol  the  whites. 

"Thekiim-.-    .e.s,.rves  th- hotter  of  KV.:).  -has  exchan-ed 
tlie  skins  with  whieh  lu^  was  lieretolore  clolln-d    fcr  i:ar- 
lUMits  m  ide  in  our  fasiiicm.     11'^  also  mak.'S  a  liltle  endeavor 
tu  IParaour  lan-ua-e.  .  .  .  U,.  ahstalus  from  meat  on  the 
(l.vs  <.u  whieh  it  i.  forbid  Ini  by  the  Christian  laws;  and 
men  that  ar.'  heretics  and  <lo  otherwise,  he  thinks  on-ht  to 
bM-alled  bad  Cliristians.     lie  is -really  (h'li-hted  with  spir- 
itual  (ouversation,  and.  indeed,   seems  to  esb'em   earlhly 
w.-ilih   a-;   n.)thin-  in   eoniparisou   with    the   treasures   ol 
Heaven,  as  he  tohl  (Governor  Calvert.     Tlw  latter  was  ex- 
].lainiuu^  to  him  whit  ,ur,>at  advantati-os  rould  be  enjoyed 
from  tlii'  Kii-lisii  bv  a  mutual  exehantre  of  wares,  wlien  the 
rhief  remarked     >in  truth.   I  consider  thes.'  tritlin-.  when 
eompared  with  \\\U  ori''  udvanta-e.  that  throuuh  tle-se  mis- 
sionaries I  have  arrived  at  the  knowled-e  of  the  .  ne  trne 
(io  1      To  me  there  is  uothiuj,-  auK^m-  you  .irreater  than  this; 
ner  ouu-ht  there  to  b^'  anvthinii-  irreater."  "* 

Taviu--s  anxietv  for  llie  conversion  of  his  whole  tribe 
was  onlv  e.piah'd  bv  his  desire  to  b<'  received  into  the 
Church  '  Convinced  himself,  he  wished  to  make  the  trulli 
known  to  otlK'i-s.     The  red  niler  assembled  his  chiefs  and 


•  Tl,r  nrnvu  I  ■»  Tof  IfltVl  sav<  ImiIlt  Whif  a,l.,.;„i^t,.nMl  "a  corlain  pmvd.T  of  known  fffl- 
ho  im.l  «itl.  liim,  t,.  open  one  of  hi-  aXvac-*,!  win.  for  l)l(K>a-kltlng,  -lldatw,  p.  00— 


I 


i 


y,\Tiii:R  A.\Di!K\\'  wiiiri:.  s  j. 


Ai'>.\ 


nist  tliclr  in- 
poll  tlu"  ino-*- 
^t'licf,  lit'  im- 
•al)l<'  .li'suil  s 
li'd  tli('»lii><ky 
j)iupt'i',  iind 
k.  lie  askcil 
[    him  lliiir  it 

•  ('ilUClllt'SS    (it 

illis  di'  ("liiis- 
liis  will',  iukI 
tilt'  iiiicd  niis- 

f  ill  skins,  but 

las  pxcliiin,i:'<'il 
iliu'd    Tor  pir- 
lilll('('ii(l<':iv(ir 
n  lut'iit  on  til'' 
liaii  laws;  :!ii(l 
links  (»u-lit  t<» 
htcd  with  spir- 
'sttM'in   carl  lily 
('   trcastiivs   til' 
latter  was  cx- 
lld   be  enjoyed 
■ares,  when  the 
>  trillin.u:.  when 
lUti-h  thes(>  niis- 
)!■  the  (  ne  true 
>ater  than  this ; 

lis  whole  tribe 

•eived  into   the 

make  the  trutli 

l\is  chiefs  and 

II  powdiT  of  kiimvn  cffl- 

.tniic  •  of  till'  I'ov  whom 
-lidat'w,  p.  OO-T. 


p(>()iile,  and  in  nn  <'1o(|Uent  nii])eal  tohl  tin  i-i  th:if  childi^<i 
t-niicrstiiioii  had  leiuiied  loo  lon.u  in  the  uiiiuanis  i>(  the 
Pascaloways.  There  was  b;it  one  (»od.  and  lie  nhme  was 
worthy  of  till"  hoMia.u'e  (if  biave  men.  lie  was  the  Creator 
(il  all  fliinu's.  lie  was  the  (ireat  S|.irit  woi>hiiied  by  the 
black  ;xowns.  The  siniics  and  the  ol)jects  adored  Iiy  the  In- 
dians were  but  the  liiimi>le  Works  of  His  hands.  And  to 
show  his  coiiicmiit  for  tlu'ir  foimcr  idols,  Tayac  took  oi;n 
and  tossid  il  willi  his  foot.  Tlii'  warriors  applamled  ilie 
lan,u!ia,u'e  and  bold  action  of  their  chief,  and  In  iicffurih 
Clirisijaniiy  made  a  rapid  cuuipu'st  <if  this  tribe.  Thus  did 
ill  '  Iidly  \\onls  of  {•''allier  White  fall  upon  ,i:((o<l  iiiound.  and 
lirilm'  forth  a  hundredfold. 

About  this  time,  Tayac  iiccej. ted  i-'allier  White's  invita- 
tion to  visit  the  town  of  St.  Mary's,  and  was  delighted  with 
the  scenes  of  peace,  tirosperity.  and  hajipiness  which  there 
met  his  eyes.'  This  lord  of  the  forest  now  ea.uerly  iiei'^-ed 
to  be  bapti/ed,  and  at  leiiuih  a  day  was  iixed. 

The  ceremony  look  jilace  on  tlie'dh  of  .Inly.  b'iM.  at  his 
rude  capital.  Kitramaipiiiitli.  in  a  ch;ii.el  built  of  liark  b)i- 

'Old  St.  Viiry^'  mill  iti-H'cmsof  liniipllii's"  linvi' !oiii.'iiL-(>ili|Mriril.  •■TIk  \i-iiiir  lo  Ilic  hilii 
of  Ihi-  old  cit.v."  Kiy-ii  hilr  vMiliT,  "!■<  MirpH-cil  pMiiiid  to  llinl  imi  din'  m.m.c  1.  fl  u|ioii  mi- 
otliiT  of  lli:it  c'iifly  "fllloiii'iit.  'I'lu-  only  lioii-is  now  stmidiim  on  llic  lii-.-li  pliiin.  wljoi'  oiiif  ►ioml 
lliiil  riiy.  nil'  II  (r\\  (hulliii'.'-'  Iiclon'.'in-  to  llic  f;irinc  T  wlio  own-  ino-l  of  ilic  lii-loric  >l|i'.  a  liiini- 
llUr  cliunli  h(  Idn-in-  to  tlu'  i:|ilsn,|.:ili;iii<.  slid  to  li:ivc  Ixrn  Imiil  of  tin'  rniiis  of  Ilic  old  ^lnll- 
li(in>c.  .■md  II  liir-i'  luiik  Imlldlin.'  lli.il  st^oid-  drciiry  and  ir.M  lr-<.  TIm'  latli'i-  i-  ii  vii'iniio  for 
youni;  ladies  inol  a  Calliolic  onci-  tlic  nii  nnnicnl  nvr!..l  l.\  tin- Maryland  l.i::Uli;liii.' to  com- 
nicnioniic  tlic  laialinL'  of  tin'  tlv-l  colnnl^t-^. 

••  Till-  niilnv.lin;: rlniicli  i<  in  ii  yard  full  of  olil  L-ravcs,  sliadcd  ^y  i  Ininji-  of  liolli.s aial  L-Iooiny 
cedars.  .\  few  years  :>i;o  tlii'  veneralile  old  mnll'erry  tree  saiil  to  have  lieen  iilanled  l.y  I.ieiiard 
Calx  erfs.oMi  hands,  and  |io|adarly  Known  a- I.'.vd  llallinii>re's  tree,  slill  inl  forili  a  lew  ln;iii.h-«. 
hut  |,erha|.-  il  is  no  lonu'er  slandini:.  Tin  re  i-  a  tradition  that  Leonard  (aUerl  wa-  hiiried  tht  re. 
but  the  [ii-eei-e  sput  is  uidiiiown. 

••IMssiuL'  throueh  the  irrassy  irraveyard.  and  deseendiiiL'  a  sl.'ep  hank,  the  \i-iter  i  nines  i„;i 
narrow  line  of  sand-a  ndidature  heaeh  i.M  lla'  -hole  (,r  SI.  Maiv's  river,  the  piaee  where  tliu 
.■id.iiiy  landed.  .\  (|Marter  of  a  tiiile  -i>elh  ef  lli"  -.■miliary  i-  the  held  where  sKuid  Iheehnreh  the 
•  o'.oMislsliastenedlohnild.    Il  is  hard  Kiihiiik  i:  emiseerated  .'round.  wlien>  h.dy  rites  wen' en«i 

perfiinned. 

•■There  are  some  trnres  of  the  Lord  rroprii  tary's  re-idenrr  The  old  cellar  i-  iK'ariy  fllled 
with  riihhish.  Close  hy  Is  ii  stream  of  delieioiis  wat(  r.  huhhlinu  up  from  the  roeUs  anil  ruiudliK 
olT  in  a  streamlet  ov<t  tufts  of  the  thickest  and  L'reenest  iidss.  , 

•  With  all  its  heauiy.  the  )ilaiu  of  St.  Mary's  is  full  of  mi^laneholy.    One  seems  to  hear  llio 
wail  of  the  forsaken  lares  wlu.se  altars  have  so  loiiu;  liccii  leveled; 
'■  •  In  coiise<  rated   Karih. 

.\n.l  on  the  h  ily  hearth.  ,        .-.. 

The  laies  and  lemnres  moan  with  midnight  plaint.' 

—  Good  T/iingffor  Catholic  litader^,  p.  Stti. 


H'i 


'Si 


I' 


401  rATiiKR  A.ynnKW  wmri:,  s.  .T. 

til.'  ()(Tiisl(n.  "Th.'  (Jovonior/"  siivs  lli.'  IHI.t  cf  KilO, 
-\v:isi)rcs.'ni  :if  tli.' (■.•iviu..iiy,  tonvtli.T  with  liis  S,rivt;iiy 
jiml  nmiiy  utln-rs;  nor  was  iinviliiii.n'  wniUin.ii  in  ilispluy 
A\  liicli  (»iir  int'iiiis  rniiM  snitply."" 

Till-  v.'ii.'ral)!.;  Wliit.'.  tli.'  iVu'tid  and  insfnu-tor  ol  tli.^ 
jv.l  kinir.  (.Ili.'iatr.l.  Tavi.r,  liis  .iikmi.  liirir  li!tl<'  sen,  ami 
scvenil  of  tlicrliii'l"  luciinl'  llic  lPl<%  w.  ir  ^(>l.  iiilily  adliiit- 
t,Ml  int..  tlM'  Catlu.lic  Ciiinrh  l.y  Hi;'  r.'P'tirraliii.i;  wiitcis  of 
liiiprism.  'I'll.'  (•(.iiv.'it.'.l  .•iii.'f  assimi.Ml  tlu-  iiam.'  of  Cliarlrs, 
in  \umnv  of  tl..-  Kn-lish  s..v.Mvi-ii.  His  wilV  t..olv  fli.'nanio 
(.1"    Mary.      TIm^    uiIkt    converts    also    iccciv.d    Christian 

naint's. 

••In  th.'  altrrnooii,""  says  the  h'ttrr  just  .inol.-d.  tlio 
Linu'  and  (inccn  w<>r.'  united  in  Matrimony  in  tiie  Cliiistian 
manner:  then  the -lieat  li(,!y  cross  was  ei.  etMJ.  in  caiiyin^^ 
which  to  its  destined  place,  th.'  kinu-.  ,ii..\.  iiu.r,  secretary, 
jiM.l  oth.'rs.  lent  their  hands  and  slioiild.-rs.  Two  of  ns, 
walkin-- liid'or.' them,  at  the  same  tim.;  chanted  Hi."  Litany 

of  the  Ml.'>snl  \  ir^in."  .... 

What.  iM-aiity  and  virtue  and  r.K.iih  n  nuriile  m  this 
liai.py  scene.  di'scril)ed  l>y  a  ven.'i'aM.'  haml  o^er  two  liun- 
dn-.Tyears  au'o:  In  which  ol'  the  other  Knulis'.i  c.h.ni.-s  of 
America  .-an  we  lind  anything;- similar;  Anionic  them  all. 
Caflndic  Marvlaiid  ahnie  can  i-ics.'iit  such  a  shinin- sp.M-- 
tacle,  sii.di  an  hi^miical  thiiii?  <'f  beauty  li.uhtin,';  up  the 
irloom  of  the  pnstl 

Shortly  afi.'r  the  fon'pnn,!;  event,  Father  White  was 
]>iostiat."'.l  )>y  a  severe  ilhiess.  The  ^nrat  .)ld  priest  in  p.'r- 
J'ormini--  th.rceremonies  of  the  sacrc.l  rit.'  of  Hai.tisiir- 
vvhi.di  were  s.nni'wliat,  lonii -eoiuracted  a  fever,  and  a;j,'ain 
siiU'ere.l  a  relapse.  Many  months  passed  away  before  he 
was  restoivd  to  ^'ood  health,  lie  was  not  idle,  however, 
but  revise.l  andctmipiled  ih.'-iamniar,  di.Mionary,  and  cate- 
chism in  the  laniiua,«j;e  of  his  dusky  Hock,  in  order  to  aid  his 
{successor  in  the  mission. 

In  the  winter  of  KUO  41.  the  charityof  the.Tesnlt  Fathers 
and  the  (!a!holic  colonists  was  doiiMy  taxed.  (Jaunt, 
iumine  stalked  the  I'urests  oi'  Maryland,  for  a  great  drought 


1 


r'ATiimt  A2sLnit:w  wit  in:,  s  j. 


405 


.■ii.T  <.r  Kiio, 

\\<r  in  ilispluy 

tnictor  (»f  tho 
little  son,  and 
lit  nmly  iidniit- 
itiii^X  wjitcis  of 
nie  of  Clinrlt's, 
tonU  tli)>natno 
\((l    Chiistiiin 

(lliolcil.  "tlio 
I  tli<>  Cliiistiiiii 
(I.  ill  ciiiiviii^ 
nor,  sccrt'liii y, 
.  Two  of  ns, 
i.'d  llic  Litany 

niii'iilc  in  this 
<l^('^  two  liiin- 

is'.l    CnldllifS  dj' 

iiotiu:  tlicni  all, 
I  sliiiiiim'  spcc- 
ijilitiiii;  up  the 

cr  Wliitt'  was 
(I  ]iiit'st  ill  ])('r- 

ol'  Hai)tisni  — 
'\-i'\\  auil  a;j,!iiu 
iway  bcfoic  lio 

idle,  liowevcr, 
Dnavy,  and  cato- 

urdei'  to  aid  his 

I' Jesuit  Fathers 
lax('(h  (Jaunt, 
a  great  drought 


had  marked  thi«  past  summer.  TIk'  hody  ot  dir  jioor  In- 
dian  was  now  as  sadly  in  uwd  of  noiirislinit'nt  as  his  ,-oiil. 
Wails  ciiiiic  from  lli"  wiuwanis,  wlierr  roniieil  •  eclioi-d 
nan^dit  suve  tiie  sounds  of  joy  aiid  lan^litt-r.  -'Tliat  we 
nii^dil  not  ai»p<';ir  fo  n»*gl<'ct  tlieiritlie  Indians' )  bodies,' 
\vritt's  out"  of  lilt'  missioiiiiiics,  "  for  tlir  rjui'  of  whose  s(..ils 
we  had  iiiad«'.  so  great  a  voyage,  thongli  coin  was  sold  at  a 
verv  liigli  price,  nevertheless,  \ve  considered  it  necessary  (o 
icli.'vi'  their  want  of  hread  l)y  assisting  tliein.  Amid  these 
cares.  .  .  .  wt>  passed  the  liivater  jiait  of  the  winter." 

"'I'he  C.itliolics  who  live  in  the  colony,  continues  the 
name  wiiter,  "are  not  inlV-rior  in  piety  t(t  those  who  live  in 
other  countries;  Itnt  in  url)anity  of  manners.accordiiig  to  the, 
judu'mear  of  those  who  have  visited  the  other  colonies,  art) 
considered  far  superior  to  them.  Kverywhere  tlielioi)eof 
harvest  has  dawned:  and  while  each  (tne  of  ns  is  jinxious 
even  unto  (h'atli  to  help  in  the  good  work,  various  things 
happen  worthy  of  recital.  Two  of  the  most  i.romiiieiit  shall 
hestati'd  here,  iji  one  of  which  the  Divine  mercy  was  mani- 
fest, in  the  other  the  Divine  justice. 

"On  tlie  day  ni»on  which  a  certain  man  was  alioiit  to  ab- 
jure heresy,  and  to  expiate  the  sins  of  his  ]iast  life  ))y  con- 
fession, a  lire  arose  in  the  interior  of  his  house,  and  the 
tlame,    running   up   the  door-post,   burst    out    at   the   to]). 
AVIien  he  ju-rceived  the  danger— for  he  was  not  !ar  distant — 
he  suddenly  called  to  a  neighbor,  but  coiiM  gvt   no  assist- 
ance whatever.     lie  then  ran  to  another,  but  cmild  liiid  only 
two  who  would  go  with  him.     And  all  this  time  the  lire  wjis 
burning  a   house  of  dry  logs.     It  was   put  out,  however, 
before  any  serious  injury  had  hai>i)ened      l^onie  feared  lest, 
bv  this  um'xpected  occurrence,  the  man  might  be  <lel(Mred 
from  conversion.     I'ut   it    liapitened    far  otherwise.     From 
the  slight  damage  done  to  his  house  he  drew  the  conclusion 
th'  *  ^hid  was  kind  to  him,  and  ai)prov(>d  his  design  by  a 
matti'-'st  token.     Wherefore,  uniting  a  great  reformation  in 
morals  with  the  faith  he  professed,  he  now  sheds  abroad  the 
sweet  odor  of  a  good  example  upon  all  who  are  acquainted 
with  him. 


i  ! 

;.  t 
■I  > 


^1 


t' 


m 


r.[Tiii:u  .\M>i:i:\v  wiini:.  y.  J. 


"A  corfiiii.  (AW.  wli'  II  Ik-  IukI  r<ll  m-iiic  iiit«'iti:il  driiwirifrr 
..r  thf  laitli  <»l  (Itxl.  liiiil  <!.-ii.'(l  pi;iy.'i-lH'iuls  Un  liiiiiMll, 
1)111  iift.TWiinls  li!i\iii'A  i!i.iiiLiv<l  li'iN  iiiiiid.  Iit'\\:isiirtii>l.!ni»'(l 
tuMiinkr  llifiii  ill 'his  i.iiH'wilh  tolnMTo,  after  llicy  liad  Ihi-ii 
gn.iiiKl  t(.  powder.  olit'M  Itoasliii;;  I  hat  lie  had  ratm  up  hi.s 
i-l/v  M(tri<i!^;  U)V  so  In-  <-allrd  ihr  Itfiuls  hy  thr  Itlliiiu;  <»l 
^\hi(•h  thf  aii-^vlical  s:diitalinii  is  ivtiletl.  Ihii  the  Diviiu 
vt'iiLiViiiirc  did  not  h'!  tin- wicked  eriiue  p»  impinii>lu'd;  lor 
KCiurely  a  year  havinu"  passed,  <.ii  llie  n'tiiruiii.u'  eve.d"  t!i.* 
(lay  (Ml  whiVli  he  had  abandoned  his  piirix-se  ol"  eiid)ra('iii.i? 

theCadloHc  Kailll.a  liinie  saerile-iulis  playlldliess  pussc^se.l 
lilui.  This  was  even  noticed  liy  his  coinpanioiis,  In  llif 
tiltenMion.  when  he  had  hetaken  hiinsell  to  the  river  I'or  ihtt 
piiri)o  e  ol"  switnininii'.  scan-ely  had  he  touched  the  water, 
-when  a  hup^  iish  having-  seized  the  wicked  man.  Lelore  In- 
ciiuld  retreat  to  the  hank,  tore  away,  at  a  bite,  a  hup'  po/- 
t'.on  ol"  his  thi-h.  l>y  the  pain  of  whi(di  most  merited  lacera- 
tion the  unhappy  wri'tch  was  hurried  away  fioni  ihe  living— 
the  Divine  justi<'e  brin.izini;-  it  ahout  tliat  he.  who  :i  litthi 
while  before  boasted  that  he  had  eaten  up  his  /Wv  Mmia 
hnc/.s;  sliouhl  seo  ids  own  llesh  devoured,  even  while  h.' 
was  vet  living" 

In*  K'.l-?.  weli-.id  Father  AVliite  ntrrtin  laborin.ir  ainon.u-  t))» 
I'as.'atoway  Indians.  Like  ^Moses  (.f  ohi.  it  appears,  a jiu 
liad  neillier  dinrned  his  sii;-lit  nor  diminished  his  vip>r. 
J')Ul  he  was  not  without  his  troubles;  and,  of  course,  w.^ 
must  be  pardoiu'd  if  we  intriMhu c  a  rather  (piaiiit  :iih1  (  nri- 
ous  (piotation  from  tlie  annual  letter  of  \(WJ.  "Father 
Wliite,"  says  tlu^  writer,  "snirered  no  Utile  iiuMHivenic-nco 
from  ii'liard'  hearted  and  tronblesom<'  captain  of  New  Kup 
hiud,  Avhom  he  had  enpip-d  for  the  purjiose  »)f  takin-  him 
smd  his  elTectH,  and  from  whom  he  was  in  feara  little  whue 
after,  not  witliont  cause,  that  he  would  be  <'ast  either  into 
the  sea,  or  bo  carried  with  his  jiropeity  to  ^ew  l.nuiand, 
which  is  full  of  Puritan  Calvinists— that  is,  of  all  Calvin- 
ist  heresy.  But  .silently  romndttini?  the  thin u:  to  (onl,  at 
len^^th  in  safety  lie  reached  Potomac,  in  Avhich  harbor, 
when  they  had  cast  anchor,  the  ship  stuck  so  fust,  bound 


1 


t^mm^^!*-  - 


i''.\rui:i:  .winuiw  wniri:,  >.  y. 


•k;; 


li:il  (IniwItiffE 
r«ii   liiins«'lt, 

M'y  liad  Ix't'ii 
t':it«'U  111"  lii^ 
li«>  li  Uiiii:  ot 
t  till-  Diviiu 
>imi>lu'tl;  lor 

m'  «'\  •■  <i['  i!i(' 

i>r  «'iiil)riiciii,ic 

CSS   pUSSCSSt'll 

idllS.  Ill  lilt' 
•  liM'l  lor  I  lie 
•d  (lie  wsilcl". 
nil,  lu'foic  111* 
,  a  hup'  po/- 
iciitrd  liiccia- 
III  I  lie  liviii,!;'  — 
who  ii  littli' 
is  A  r»  Miiriit 
vfU  whili'  li'* 

nir  jiMioTiu'  t)iH 

!i  PI 'cars,  a^'H 

led  his  vi^ior. 

Ill"     COIIISC,    Wll 

aiii!  and  <  iiii- 

\'2.     '•  Fat  her 

iiicoiiv('iii<'ii('o 

of  New  Kny'- 

)!'  takiii.ir  liiiu 

•a  little  while 

st  eitlic;'  iato 

N'ew  l.iiulaiid, 

of  all  Calviii- 

WiT  to  (Jod,  at 

^•hi(•h   liavbor, 

j()  fast,  bouud 


T)V  tl  jri'eaf  (Ulllllllfy  of  lee.  that  for  the  space  (tf  seventeen 
davH  it  e(*iild  not  he  moved.  W'alUiiiu  oil  the  iee,  as  il  on 
t|ii>land.  th*'  i-'atlicr  departed  for  the  town.'  When  the  ire 
was  lM<iUen  lip.  tin- ship,  driven  and  janinied  hy  Hie  force 

and  \  ioleliee  of  the  i<'e,  slIllU,  the  <'ar^o  lieili;''  ill  a  yieat 
measure  rrruvered. 

"iiy  this  misfortune  I'ailn'r  White  wi's  di'taiind  lonuer 
on  liis  visit!  namely,  seven  weeks;  fur  In-  found  il  necessary 
to  liiin^'  aiiotlier  ship  from  St.  M.-ny's.  lim  the  spiritual 
aflvantai;e  (d"  s(, ids  readily  coni]>eie:!tM|  Tor  that  delay;  f<;i 
diiriiiii' that  time  was  added  to  I  In- Chiiirli  iheinler  (d'  tlia:- 
little  villa-je,  with  the  other  principal  iih'Ii  of  its  inhaMtants. 
\vlio  received  the  l-\iitli  of  Christ  and  Hipiisin.  15.  >idcs 
these,  also  another,  to-ct  her  \\i;li  many  of  his  friends;  a 
third  likewise,  with  Ills  wife,  liis  son,  and  a  fiiciid;  a  fonrlli, 
in  like  manner,  with  another  of  \\u  ijunoltle  standing  anioi'K 
his  trihc.  I*y  their  example,  tin-  pei.ple  are  prepared  to  re- 
reive  the  iMiitli,  wh<'nevur  \ve  will  have  leiMiie  lo  insirncr 
them  liy  catechism."' 

••  Nut  lon.i:'  after."'  continues  the  same  letter.  '"  the  yoiin.u; 
l„.i,„.,.ss_as  they  <'all  her  at  I'ascaloway  wasl.apti/ed  in 
the  town  of  St.  Mary's,  ami  is  liein«;-  educated  there.  She 
is  now  a  prolicieiit  in  the  Knirlish  laii^iiaue.  " 

At  this  time  an  Indian  war  l-ioke  out.  and  the  Susipic- 
hannas  and  other  trihcs  jioiircd  down  on  Maryland  ami  ils 
allies.  The  hostile  sava^'es  attacked  a  settlement,  mas- 
sacred tlie  people,  and  caiiietl  olV  the  spoil.  l»ascat(.way 
was  also  in  i-eril.  as  it  was  constantly  exposed  to  attacks 
from  the  enemy.  The  mission  was  removed  to  Totopaco, 
where  nearly  tlie  whole  tribe  embraced  the  Faith.  At  this 
lime  Father  White  and  the  other  missionaries  made  several 
excursions  up  the  ratnx.Md  river,  and  in  vailoiis  parts,  ilii.s 
beinii  th"  safer.t  and  bes.  means,  on  account  of  the  war. 
riios^o  missionary  journeys  are  thus  described  by  one  of 
Ihem.selves: 

"We  sail  in  nn  open  boat— tlie  Fatliev,  an  intiMpreter,  and 


•  rolO-.UHC  !l<".  I>. 


i 


I 


I'M  iii:ii  A. \niit:\¥  win  I  !•'',•<•'■ 

UMivaiit      111  !i  'Mini  nr  iidv.-rs.'  wlii.l.  fwn  r«'\v  riit.l  lli-  tliinl 
M.M-is  til.'  »M.!il.     \V<'  «'iiny  a  I'li^U.-t  of  l.ivad,  cImvm-,  l.iii 
tMi-  .liiiMl  io;isi.-a  .'ar-  of  .•..in,  h.-aiis  and  M..m.'  ni.'al.  and  a 
rh.'st  .•..Mtaininu  tli.- sa<MT.J..tnl  v.'Mtin.-nt.s,  tlin  MlalM.r  allai- 
['or  Mass.  til.,  will..  UH'd  in  th.'  Iioly  Ma.-ritLv,  nii.l  l.I.->*r.l 
l.MiilisMial  \M\U'V.     In  an..tli.T  clw.sl  sw  .•airy  Univ.^s.  Ikm-s, 
liltli.  l)"lls.  iMlill'j;  li""lv>*.  ii"»'dl'''.  rlin':id.  and  ..tll.T  tllll.'s, 
f..r  l.r.'s.-nls  l.>  Hi.-  Iiuliaiis.     W.-  tak.-  t\><.  mats    a  small 
,,!,>•  lo  Hh.'lt.T  n>  rn.ai  tli.^  nun,  and  a  larp-r  fn.-  I.,  pn-h^.-t 
us  lYoni  rh.'  rain.     TIh"  s.Tvant  .aii-fs  inii.l.^n..-iils  |..r  html- 
luo.  ,,„.l  ......kin-  nfi.sils,     W."  .•n.l.'av.-r  to  iva.'li  son.."  In- 

.lian  villa;:.'  or  Kiiulisli  plantalion  at  iii;ilil  I'all.  H  w^'do 
not  sii.T.'.".!,  111.  n  ilw  l-'aili.Ts.Tim'sonr  l.-al  !.»  lla-  Lank, 
,.Hll,.,.tH\v...Mland  n.akfsa  tin',  wl.il.'  Hn-  -lln-r  tw..-..  .ait 
to  hunt;  aii.l  alt.-r  .•o..kin^' ..ur -am.',  w.'  tak.' s.mi.'  ivliv^li- 
ni.'iits,  and  lln-n  li.'  <loun  l..  sl.'.-p  ai.ain.l  tlif  liiv.  \\  li"'n 
thr.'at.'n.'.l  with  rain,  sw  »'n'.l  a  tfiil,  .•..v.iin-  it  will.  ..nr 
lai-vmat.  An.l  thanks  i.c  toUol,  w.- .•n,i.)y  ..nr  s.-anty  i':ir.. 
and  hard  h'ds.  as  inn.'li  as  if  \\v  w.-r.'  a.'.'oinni<.dat.'d  with 
til.'  liixnrl.'s  of  Knr..l'"-  ''"'"•  <•"n^^lati..n  w."  lind  in  tin* 
i.roaiis.'s  ..r  th.' AInii-liiy  to  tlioM-  uli<.  labor  faillifidly  in 
His  s.'rvi.'.',  and  th.'  wat.-hfnl  .-ai.'  II."  s.-.nis  t..  hav  ..f  lis, 
jiiv.'s  us  stivn.nth  to  l-.'ar  np  a-ainsi  .liin.Milli.'s.  s..  innrli  so, 
that  it  is  snrprisiii;;  that  wo  aiv  al>l.-'  I.»  acronipliiih  what 

wf  do."  «        «  1 

This  kind  <»f  lift*  was  not  by  any  means  fivi'  from  .laii,t,'.'r, 
but  to  Fath.'r  Whit.'  and  his  .•oll."aiiii.-s  lii'.'  was  l.-ss  .l.'ar 
than  duty.  S."V.'ral  thrilliii'^  adv.-nnir.'s  and  miia.'iihuis  car.'.s 
also  mark.'.l  this  period.  On  on.*  o.'.'asion.  an  .\na.-osian  In- 
dian, !i  Christian,  inmakinirhisway  thronuh  a  w.io.l.  dr<.pp."tl 
a  littl.'  behind  his  ."ompanitais.  wht-n  soni."  hostilf  Sns.pii"- 
hannas  siidd.'idy  f.'U  npon  him.  In  ih.'ir  fury,  the  sava-..,; 
],i..iv."d  him  with  a  li^ht,  stron.u'  sp.-ar  of  lonist-w.Md  -from 
whi.'h  th.'V  mad.'  th.'ir  arn.ws  tipp.'d  with  a  sharp  ir..n 
point.  The  deadly  weapon  i)ass.>d  thr.ui.uli  the  unhappy 
man  fr.mi  sl.le  t.)  s'id.',  ab.mt  th.'  width  ..f  a  hand  b.-l..w  tli.". 
armpit,  and  .piit.'  near  the  heart.  The  wound  wasd.'s.-ribed 
us  -two  lingers  broad  at  each  side.""     Thinking  they  had 


t^^^M 


% 


FATiif-u  ,i.\ />///;»■  \Mlim  s.  J. 


4r.u 


iml  llii>  third 

I'llt't'^t',  l>ui 

'  incal,  tiixl  a 
nIiiI)  or  iillnr 

,    illlll    Itll'^SCtl 

Univts.  Ikm'S, 
utiii'i'  ti'illt's, 
ititK    a  MUiall 

lie  to  jirult'Ct 
•Ills  r<i|'  lilltlt- 
"M'\\  sttliir  Ill- 
ill,       ir   w.'.lo 

to  the  liallU, 
•r  two  p»  out 
suiiit'  n-lrt'^li- 

Ihv.  Wli.'ii 
\^  it  with  oiii' 
iir  s<'!iitty  i'lii't* 
iii(Hhiii'<l  \vitli 
(>  liiul  ill  llat 
•  fiiiilifiilly  ill 
to  liavt'  dl'  Its, 
s.  sn  iniicli  s(», 
oiiipliiili  wliat 

>  from  (liiii^fi', 
\v!is  h'ss  (h'lir 

lilClllollS  (Vll'I'S 
AllMCdStilll   ill- 

\v(»(»(l.  (ir(>i>iH'(l 
()^tih'  Sus(|lli'- 
•y.  the  siiva.ut'.j 
st-\\()<'(l  Irom 
1  a  shiii'p  iioii 
thf  iiiiliai>|>y 
land  hcldw  tlit> 
I  was  described 
liiiig  lliey  had 


MIIimI  f1ii»  AnM('n«-tan.  the  Siistinetitmtins  (li'd.     TIIh  enmpnn- 

hillM,  huWeVfl'.  who  had  ynlie  Dll  lieliiji',  \\<  re  reealh'd  liV 
file  Midden  lloise  of'  the  Itiiel*  ftniuule  'I'liey  eairied  tl.e 
witimded  mail  Iiumi  the  land  tu  th.-  It<»:it  uhieh  was  near  * 
and  th<ii<«'  to  his  liotiie  at  I'a^eatowav  Here  they  left  hint 
m|ic<t|i1iss  a.'d  out  of  hi>-«en*<'s  Tin- aeeideiit  was  rejioiter. 
to  the  Nciieiahle  Whih'.  who  was  always  at  hand,  or  uoim,' 
Jlliollt  doin.ir  ^i'ood.  Ill'  hastelH'd  to  llie  w  luwntn  the  lolloW- 
in,L{  morniii;;'.  ami  found  the  iinliai>|>v  liulian  liefore  tliedoor, 
lyinu,'  on  a  mat  iwir  the  lire,  and  eiieln^rd  liy  a  eiiele  of  his 
lril)e.      lie  was   not.  as  the  das    pn'\iiiiiv|y    s|ei(hle>s   or 

nilf   <d'    his   senses;    lillt    hi-   e.\|iec|ed    death    everv    moment. 

The  1 r  Anai'oslan  joined  his  inoiirnfiil  voice  with  tlie  sony 

of  his  friends,  who  stood  around,  as  was  the  cii>iuin  wlen 
the  more  distilinljished  men  of  !lie  tril'e  werealionl  to  die. 
I'.ut  sitiiie  of  his  friends  were  Christians,  and  they  mih;-  wiih 
iniisical  sweetness:  ".May  he  li\e.  ()(JodI  if  it  so  please 
Thee."  Auain  and  a^iain,  ihey  ie|Mated  the  swfet  and 
]ilaiiitiv<>  air.  until    I'allier   While  lieuan   to  speaU   to  the 

dyiiiu  man,  who  knew  ll ued  .lesiiit.  and  showed  him  lis 

uoiinds.  The  man  of  (iod  saw  tli"  danger  at  a  i;laiiee,  and 
liiietly  ninniiiir  o\er  the  chief  articles  (»f  faith,  heard  the 
Indian's  confession,  ami  uave  him  altsolniio:'..  Then  elevat- 
inii  liis  soul  with  hope  and  coiilideiice  in  <Jod,  he  recited  the 
<Jospel  wliii'h  is  to  l»e  leail  for  the  si<k.  and  the  Mt.aiiy  of 
the  Most  Blessed  \'ir<:iii,  and  told  the  dyiny  warrior  to 
commend  himself  to  her  most  holy  intercession,  and  to  <'all 
iince.-isiimly  <»Il  the  Messed  name  of  .lesiis'  Father  White 
then  applied  the  sacred  iclicof  the  Mttst  Ilcdvl'ross  which 
lie  caiiied  in  a  casket  liniiir  aI)oiit  his  neck  to  the  wound 
on  <'acli  side.  The  missionary  was  now  oltli<;ed  to  leave 
At  some  distance  away,  an  aired  Indian  was  lu  ar  death,  and 
lie  wished  to  lie  l)apli/.<'d.  As  l-'allier  Whitede]  arted  fioni 
the  wigwam,  he  directed  the  bystanders  to  cany  the  Ana 
costan,  wIk'Ii  he  hreathed  his  last,  \o  the  chapel  ((  r  the  piir- 
p<is«'  (»f  burial. 

It  was  m»(»n  when  the  Apostle  <if  Maryland  linally  directed 
his  steps  towards  the  point  where  the  a.i^ed  Indian  expected 


S 


F^ 


mo 


r.\riii:n  .\\iuii:\v  wnirt:.  v  / 


II 


i 


liis  iiiiiii«itriii it'll'*.  'I'lif  I'ollnwiiijr flay,  ill  tlif  satin-  lioiir.  a.  Ii" 
hiiII»m|  tiling  ill  lih  l)«»iit.  lu'  >aw  Ism.  ImliaiiH  i.ti(l«lli»ii,'  •••• 
uaitl-t  liiiii  Wlii'ii  tln'.v  raiiif  aluiiirNMlf  <Mi»'  of  ilinii  |iiii  his 
fout  hi  til"  l-'allu'i's  ItiMl.     NVIiilt'  tli<'|irl.'sf.  -says  ilu' nihiiial 

l.'ff.'iur  nu-.'.  ••Ui'^«''l  •»'»  'I"'  '"""  ^^''''  '"^'''^  •'>""'  •"•'"-  '" 
(Iniiitt.  for  ilia  iii«'asnit'  liP  r»M'nu;iily.«'tl  liiin  l»y  liis  IVaiiiivs, 
who  h»'  was.  Itiil  ill  pail  nrolliM-liii^'  iiiuliat  stah'  hf  hail 
h'li  him  lh<"hiy  lti'!'of.',  wlifii  Ihf  lialiaii  on  a  Muld'ii  tliirw 
o|>i'ii  liis  chiai^  aial  tlixlosrd  tlic  (•icaliifts  ol'  iIk- uoniids, 
(II  lalliiT  a  ivd  i^pot  on  each  siih*,  as  a  tiaci'  of  llir  uoiiiul, 
III  one.'  it'iiiov«'d  all  doiiitt  lioiu  iiiiii.  Moivovfr.  it)  lali- 
^iiiij;t'  full  of  joy.  \\\>  rNclaiiia-il  that  In-  was  cminlx  will, 
lloi  lioiii  til.'  hour  af  whiih  tin-  FathiT  hiid  l«ft  yrsl.-f. 
(lay  had  Im'  rfiis.tl  to  itivol^f  the  most  holy  iiam<' of  .h'siis, 
to'whom  ho  iitliiliiii.'d  his  I'covcii-d  hralth:  All  who  were 
111  till'  hoat  with  l-'atlHT  White,  aflfr  th.-y  iiivcsii-ah'd  llio 
tliitiu.  l>oih  l»y  tilt'  ^t'|l'>t•s  of  sffiiiii'  ami  hfaiiiiu'.  luvaUiiii^ 
forth  iiiii*  |U!iisi'  of  (»oi|  ami  iliaiik-,ui\  iti;^'.  wfif  jiically 
ri'joifftl  and  coiirmufd  in  llit-  Kailli  at  this  mifach'." 

Thf  uiuaiitif  lal)ois  of  Katht-r  Whitf    in  Manlaixl   wcro 
now   nnlia|i|iily   appitiiii  hin;,'    tlifir   it;  niinalitin.      I'.y  hini- 

Ht'lf  aiitl  his  (dinpanioiis  in   ifii  yt-ais  tlif  (Jospfl    liati   I ii 

prcaclit'd  with  sncci'ss  to  tin'  Indians  at  St.  Mar\"s;  at 
Ki'iit  Island,  in  tin'  ('hi'sapcakf  li.iy:  at  I'asfaloway  ami 
I'oit  'rt»l)ai'fo,  ttii  thf  .Maryland  sidf  tif  tin'  I'oloin.if.  at 
I'aiowiin'fk  ii»un.  t»n  tli '  S'iruinia  .sit|t>  of  tin'  saim'  livff; 
at  Matlajtaiiy  ami  Pawtiixt-nt  town,  on  thf  l*atiix»'tit  iIvit; 
and  at  many  otlifi-  places  whifdi  were  vi>itt d  '>y  the  nii-sion- 
aiies  in  lln-ir  atpiatie  expeditions. 

lint  niisfortiine  now  frowned  on  .Marylainl.  its  | pie.  ami 

its  lieaiitifiil  scenes  of  tiiissionaiy  toil.  .\  party  of  Pari- 
tans  were  expelled  ffoii:  \  ir;;inia  in  l<54"i.  ami  seekinix  i'<'fnjro 
in  Marylantl.  were  received  with  open  arms.  The  new- 
comers, however.  st»on  l)e<iaii  to  nianifesf  a  spirit  of  insur- 
rection. In  Clayliorne,  'i  l)t)](l  ami  lawless  man  wht»  was 
]>lottin,i:;  to  overthrow  the  <i'overiiment  of  Ltad  Hallimoiv, 
they  fcHinil  a  worthy  leader,  and,  with  the  basest  inu'iati- 
tilde,  those  vile  men  r.iised  their  hands  against  the  kiml 


hwrnin  .whur.w  wiini:,  s.j. 


4;  I 


I'tnl'llhiL;  ••• 
iliiiii  pill  lih 

S    llll'  illlllUill 

k".s,  lifinn'  in 

Ills    ft'llllll'I'S, 

stall'  lh>  luitl 
iidd'H  tliirw 
llif  uoniids, 

tllf   WlHItlll, 

ivcl',    ill    litii 
■lllilrlv    Will, 
I. If    y.slfi'- 

nil'  tif  .It'MIS, 
Ml  wild  wi'lf 
■sti;;!ilt'(|  till" 
im-.  lnvjiUiiin 
wfiv  xuMtly 
id.'." 

I  ry  la  in  I  w«'io 
III.  My  liiiii- 
M'l  lia<l  lifcii 
I.  Mary's;  a  I 
;cato\\ay  ami 

I'titnliiM)';   at 
sanit'  liver; 

liix.'iit  livi-r; 
•  lln'  ;iii^si(iii 

s  |M>u]i]i'.  and 
iity  of  I'liii- 
•fkin'T  rcfiijro 
^.  Tilt'  iitw- 
iiit  (tf  iusnr- 
nan  win*  was 
d  naltinioit', 
asest  itiLrrati- 
iist  the  kind 


Irl.MidH  nv1m»  li:>d  Miiivoiv.l  llii'in  In  lli  •  lioiir  nf  HM'd.    Tnin 
|i,.rMlH.!H  lik.'  viiM'ii.  lli.'V  l.ii  th-  \"iy  Imm.-:'  .loi^  uliuhad 
varm.'d  lli"tn  into  lif.-,     r'la>  l-nrn.'  aii-l  \\U  I'loi.-Mani  iiinl. 
liiMiii|.!i"d  in  Hill    (inv.'iiinr  ^'alwrt  was  ohliy.-d  lolly,  and 
uiili   him  d.'jiari.'d  p-a.'.'  jti-.li.'.'   and   rrii^i-ni      Many  of 
111  ■  Mnvland  Citliolirn  w.-r.'  I.ininlird.  ami  rol.lM-d  of  ili.ii 
i,„>M.^H;i.iH.    |/i\s|.'ssM.'SHand  intol.-iaiir.'iava.u.dlh.'roiiti 
n-v      'I'll'-  allaiH  of  ivii-inii  u.'iv  ov.'Mlirow n.  and  .'vt'n  llu' 
v..'n.'i'aM.'  Aposil.-  ol'  Manlaii.!  and   Hi.'  oiIht  .•.•Hiiil    l-'a- 
tiMMs  w.'iv  M'i/.'d.  pill  ill  irons,  and  Ilk.'  niiiiinah«,|iipp.-d  to 
Kird  ihd  and  ra^'  into  |oalli>oni.'  diMi'iroi;>^, 

'  \|  I. -11-111.  Falli.T  NVIiih' wa^-.nKi I  h.  1  ■!  ]  r!i:an>an- 

iHlini^'iii.  for  III.'  iiwfnl  .ilm.'  of  ••••inj.'  n  ■'•'^"H  l*'i<ili''i*  ">'•'  'i 
,„.|,.si  ..r  vpotl.'SH  lif.'!     ••Tltirstin^  for  ih"  Malvati..n  ..f  Ids 
,„.ar  Mar\  laml-rs"  wiII'-h  ( )liv.'r,  -  In'  soiiylit  .v.-ry  .M'l""  ■ 
fiiiiitv  ofivt'irniiiu   s.'.Mvlly  lo  ilial  n.i-Moii;  loil  .-x.-ryat 
„,,„n"t    i.rovin-   iii.lV.rliial.    In-   ssas    .•onhMil    to    d.'v..l..  Iih 

,vniainiii.r  .'n.-rul."*  l.i  iIm*  a.lvanla-v  .d'  his  iialu nilry. 

Ill  hiH  <,ld  a'-'.'.  »'V.Mi  lo  t'l.'.'ii.l.  Ii.'.-onliiiii'.l  liis.'ii-toin  oi 
fi.tin-  ..11  l.iva.l  an.;  \val<-r  twir.'  a  wr.-U.  Wliiht  a  prlM- 
„n.r  li."  uas  i.-iniml.'.;  by  lih  k.-P''''  lo  iii.Ml..ral.' his  niist.'rl. 
ti,.s  .uid  to  n>s,.rv."  his  stivnutli  lor  his  app.'araii..'  at  ly- 
iMini  "Vol.  mast  know/  ivpli.-.l  Katli-r  Wliif.  'H-d  my 
f.,stiti"-"i\vs  nii'siivii-tli  (..  l"'ar  any  kind  ..f  Mill. •mi-  l..r 
('),,.  lov.'^..r  .;.'<iis  riiri^i:"  This  tmly  va.'at  ami  ^.m..I  mail 
,li,.,l  ,„.;Hval>lv  ill  kMiid..!!,  ..n  im-  lith  of  .laiiuary.  Itl.»7.' 
Ki,,ni   tin.  .oiiipaiison   .d'  various  .l.Maini.'iits,  1   l...|i.v.'  li-' 

>va.  in  liis.s,.v."nlv  -iulilh  .v.':ir  at  tin-  lim "  I>h  .hMlh. 

'|'l„,,i|.-li  III.'  WI1..I-  life  of  this  illiisirions  .I.-siiit,  w.'  .s.'.' 
s'liniii"  forth    a  .'liara.'t.'r   ..f  .-rystal    purity,  manly,  f.":ir 
'|,.s-.   -ndloftv.     It  is  a  union  ..f  111.' saint  ami   li.'r...     As  a 

l.nvh.'.hTi.Mi  th.'mali 'f  i..'rs...aiti..n,amlw.'nl  to  l)..uay; 

..s",  ni.-.t  ll.'  ivtiirn.'.lli.mi.'witli  th.'  wli..l.'(.-rrihl.- phalanx 
of  t!i."  i).'nal  laws  s.•owlin^'  at  liini.  an.l  nir.'at.'nin,u  Imn 
uiilith.'t.'rr.irs..f  tln'rack  ami  th.-  I.arhariti.'s.d-  Tyl.nrn. 
11,.  was  an  apostl.'.  ami  f.'ar.-.l  (J..d.  but  n..t  tli.'  wlad.' 
inw.'r  ..r  ap  .Stat.'  Kn-Iaml.     Wli.'ii  Hftyliv.'  wint.-rs  lia.i 

a  t'olli'Llioii,  JCi'.,  Viil.  111. 


I  or  Di'tiiiiln  r  •.till,  O.  S. 


r.\rin:n  .\Mnit.\\  win  in, ."  / 


Mill yitiiiil.  riinl  wifh  nil  rlh-  iihlur  of  yoiiili  tiii<l  rli.-  U.-.m!.-*** 
of  ii' Hrholiif.  Ii«'  iiiiiiIi'IimI  III.'  null'  «liiilf<rH  <if  ili«>  fon-i, 
iukI  loil.-.l  uitli  III"'  /••nl  of  II  Xuvin'.  iiixl  tli-  ^^nvumli  ..f  ti 
inoiiil  II.Miil.s.  liihoriiiK  liH««  iiimI  ••uily.  liU  Wu^vr  vwr 
|iuiiitr*t  III.. ft,  dlii'c'lliiK  flM'  iiu/y  of  III.'  iv<l  Minn  to  lliiif 
liilppy  Ili'iiVfii  ltt'\olnl  til"  rIoii.U  tln'  li'  III'  "f  III''  <Jl'':il 
r' nil  if*,  win  IV  t.iiiN  iiikI  NOHOW,  iiii'l  MiiiTt  liiiK  iiH'  iinUimNMi. 
Wlnii  luisi'oiiiiiif  frowiK'd  on  liini«««'lf  iiml  IiIh  llork,  In*  wim 
gii'iif  in  nii«*fortniu'.  Ilu  tr.'niltl<'il  not  whvu  tli.'  rlunkiim;  of 
rliiiiiis  iiii.l  III.'  jiiniiiK  MMiti.l  of  tli.'.liiii'4«'on  pii'^*  mourn- 
fully  K"'''''"'  lii''«'l'l  "^"'-  !^iiiiliii« '>'  ''"'  tyiiiiiiiy  iiiul  f'-- 
rocity  of  nH'ii,  li"  wi-lconi -d  d.iitli.  \\lii«li  to  hlni  wsih 
ni'iilii'i'  u  Milling'''!'  »<'!•  »'»  fii'-my.  It  Is  ri'liitt-d  tliiit  tli«'  holy 
iind  li'iolc  ni:in  finvsaw  atul  n:inn'l  ih»'  v»iy  «l  ly  iind  lioiir 
(»r  his  .l.'pirtiiiv,  whirli  w.ih  t'>  l';ill.  hf  siiid.  on  ih''  l''<-:i>'t  of 
St.  .lohii  ihf  I'.vaiip'li^l.  <'H  ihiit  «li.y,  tlioiiuli  not  nioiv  ill 
than  ii«*ii:il,  Ik'  Insistfil  upon  i.Tflvln-j;  thf  hist  Sarmnn'iils  : 
ami,  tis  the  last  liiiu'fiin'^  iny.s  of  tin-  ••vfiiliii;'  Min^  •.nvimi.  <1 
into  his  iip:iilin''nt,  III.'  pint'  iiml  lofty  Mini  of  l-'allii'i' An 
ilivw  Whit.'  I.a.l.'  iKlifii  loth.-  .sc'ii.'s  of  this  world.  To  liini 
Is  dm-  th."  r..iiiidiHionor  that  Maiylaiid  (  hnirli  whirh  has 
continiinl  t..  sh.'d  tli.'  li^hl  of  I'aitli  <'ii  our  coiiiitiy  lor 
nearly  two  r.-ntiiii.-s  aii.l  a  hall';  ami.  in  inilli.  Ii.'  d.- 
•ivi's  to  l»"  call.'il  IIm'  ApoHlh'  of  the  I  liit.il  Stairs. 


n« 


.Tt„.>,„  ri.'l.     r.il.T   Wnlh.-.WH..   ^.■..••.,.'.-.r■lll.■i  I"   niMlif.  A',.7'*'*  ''Aw*  /"''■•'•.». 

Vol   III  .  i-  'll!!.  ■•  <!'  AJtr.uniimrof  ill..  IwIm"  I  um...  •y^  i  vi>  A  hlr. ,ir.v  ..r  llir  -n,,..  hii.uMii.i!..: 

m,  .X  ;■,...'.  hl.m  mil, n.. u.n..    H   Ar...,.M    .f  ,M...,la,u.,'      1.  U.-cum,  .»•  uaacdlte 


,  \*» 


Ti 


i 


I  III-  Ufffiiii-Nn 
if  ilif   fttii'-.i, 

Ntl'llUlll  of    u 

Mlltll     to    lllllt 
of    |||(>    UlVill 

lh>  llfiUlinWIl. 
tliH'k.  Id'  wtiN 
K'  rhitiUinu;  of 

pitt.H     MIOlll'll- 
•IlllllV  lllltl     f'' 
to     llitll      NVtIM 

tliiit  tli*>  holy 

I  ly  iiti"!  Iioiir 

(    |||)>    I't'll^l    of 

II  not  liiotc  ill 
SiirnmiciitH ; 

^llll    «*II'«'1IIIH  (1 

.1"  Kiiili.T  Aii- 
(iil<l.     Toliiiii 

ell   uIi'k  ll    IlilH 

V  roll  11 1 ly  lor 
tnitli.  lit'  'If- 
■^tiih'f*. 

■f'hit  VHni'i'h  Ithfirif. 

■  nC  llll'  -IIIM'  lllllL'MIIU'l'l 

iliiau  mil)  \f  iiiliU'U  llui 


M()TIII:K  MAKVo!  Tin  iwaknatiov 

niKI  M  IM'IIIOMKSH  OF  Till;  lll^^l  I.INi:  U)NVKNT  UV  ilVVM'V! 


CIIVrTKU  I. 

A  TK.VU-.VMl  y>MllA.  l  llAIM  I.U  ol    Lil'i:. 

MmtCn  priri'iift  oinf  rffuvrtftan  )fin  rhtffr  /A  /•  tiinrrhA 
lij'i  iin'  Inijtit;/  limth  »//'  In  r  Inislminl  I'l'tfilii  I i'! 
imnfn  Ihrniinx  on  f'i'fiH/htr  li'iii  Hi  r  hilNiiH'iH  Ulh 
mis  .\  iiiiisli  rloHs  ih't  iiiii  Miiihinn'thhtl'ilhil'  Tht' 
Hliitjuhir  iriniiilH'tii  Niiihuhliiif/'tr  I'tinmlo  <hillic 
ocean — L'jt  ///<  m.  Luiciinrc     Jitcij/liuu  ul  Qiubu: 

1\riiiy  (5iiy  III.  luiowii  iti  lil-rni'v  iiinl  rolftiNn  »<*  Mntlior 
M:iiy  ol'  ilic  Im'iirii.iiioti.  ^l:llllls  I'l'nt  on  till'  Inn;:  H'H  of 
jii'fiit  mill  fiiiiiHy  woiiH'ii  wlio  luivf  hIhiI  n  lii>tri'  on  iho 
nnn;ils  of  CiHiailii.  Sin-  wiis  Ihuh  in  tin'  «ity  of  Toms, 
l'i;inc\  '  :i  till' -.'Sill  of  ( >i'lol»i'r.  I.V.t.t.  I  lot'  ininnr..  I'lon-nl 
««'iiyniil  mill  .1.1111' Mii'lii'li't,  ui'io  in  vny  inoiloi  riiriini- 
hi  1 111"^.  inif  wi'i"  pciMtiis  itl' I'lniiii'iit  pii'ly  mill  spolJi'S't  lives. 
To  ilii'ii'  liiiji'  iliiimlitri'  tlii'y  L':i\i'  ill"  nmiif  of  Mii\.  -inil 
ill  till'  ;;it't  of  tiiiit  lii'Miitirnl  n.'inii' was  ^hiiilouiil  imlli  tlu; 
^M'mi(li'iii'  of  ii  iiol'li'  lii'i-     till'  lil'i'  of  :i  (liristimi  lirioiiu'. 

'  Miiiy'  "■ncil  nniiM-  iimimI  iilmvc, 
Ami  1 1  lii>\v  ilr  11'  lii'liiw  ' 
111  ll  nil'  lh>|M'  mill  lii>l>   l<iM', 
Anil  lilr-»iim'<  linili  ll  liuw." 

M'hji'f  iiiilliiillllr-  ii-rd;     AMir  llli  liiiiuli  nil.  '   \  ir  ili' l:i   lti'\rri  Mile   Mri'i'   Miiili'  I'l   I'lni'Mrin- 
lliili;"  AMi\''  i'u»L'r:iiii,  "  Vli'  ili' In  Mirr  Miirlr  cli' I'lm  nriiiilli'ii;"      'I'lic'  rr-nlliir- rl  »^ii.  Ii  i  , 
"  i.liiil|i'"'»  of  llic  Miiiiil«trr.v:'    Minl.i' «!.  "  Ili-lory  nf  IIi'MiiIhii  Io  llir  llli'-«i  i|  \  li'u'lii  In  Niprlh 
Annrlrri;"  riirkiiiaii,  "Thi'  .h-iitl-'  in  Nn-ili  Aiinrli'u:"  Aliliu  Kri'lam;,  "fuiir!-  il'lli min   ilii 
i'utiuu.i,'   Clmrli'*!!!*,  "Hl»lurv  of  Niw  Iraiicf." 

4T:j 


I 


•171 


MoTii::::  im/.m'  of  Tin:  ^^•^.l^'.v.l77aV. 


I'laci'il  ill  siicli  ;i  sfliiiol  ol'  ifc,  and  t'ii(l(»\v»'(l  uitli  i:n(» 
(lisi)()siri<.iis  we  niv  not  smjiriscd  to  l.'iini  thai  ili('<;iil  pvw 
in  \vis<l.)ni,  a,i;»'.  and  ixr-\r>:  In  "n*-  «.r  \u'V  Inters.  \viiii(  n 
years  aft.'i\vi/ds.  sli."  says:  '-'riif  -ood  cdncatinn  uliicli 
i  had  ivc.'ivrd  I'loni  my  jiaivnts,  wiiu  wrw  nmsi  iijons 
Christians,  laid  an  cx-i'lh'nt  toiinditlou  in  my  sonl;  and  1 
ranno!  I>iil  Mess  the  (iiid  ol' ,i;(M)dn.  ss  I'nr  His  uiacions  kind- 
ut'sH  to  nic  in  this  (•(.nnt'ciinn.  It  is  a  fiival  step  in  llif  way 
<d  virtr.c  and  a  piccions  i)ivi)arati»in  Tor  a  hi^li  dfiiri  »■  (.1 
l)iL'ty  to  fall  into  hai.d.s  whifh  I'aid'ully  niuuld  llit'  lii  t 
years  ol"  onr  ('xist('n<'('.'' 

Thf'iv  aiv  many  mansions  in  TTcavcn,  and  it  secni-i  tlmt 
all  who  ivach  thnu  do  not  travel  ihe  san.e  read  <d'  lilV. 
Thon.uii  manilVsiiii^-  some  desire  l(;r  the  reli.uions  state, 
MnyUiiyiird,  in  h  'rei-htc  Milii  yeii\  and  in  obediem-e  to  the 
wislies  ol  her  parents,  uave  her  hand  in  marriage  lo  Claiidins 
.los  pU  M.'.rtin.  ile  was  a  silk  maiinlactiirer.  rnd  :i  yoiin--' 
man  of  most  es(imal)le  character. 

The  liist  care  ol"  Madame  Martin  in  her  new  state  wr.s  to 
make  till'  fear  of  (lod  reiuii  in  In-r  honse.  She  was  a  model 
ol'  order  and  indnsiry.  and  snch  was  her  life  (»1  i'aith  that 
we  iire  assured  by  her  ltio,uiai»iiers  that  iier  most  common  ac- 
tions were  transl'ornied  into  ])ra('ticesor  piety.  Fo.'  her  hus- 
band who  was.  to  use  her  own  words,  -'a  <iOod.  (iod-lVaiin,-;; 
man,"  she  always  (Mitertained  the  most  allVctiouale  respect  ; 
and  yet  their  marrie;i  life  was  I'^r  ri<»in  bein,!;- happy.  J>ut  tin; 
«'anse  o[  this  we  know  not.  'rw(»  years  al'ter  his  marriage, 
however,  Mr.  Martin  died,  leaviii-' his  yount;'  wife,  scarcely 
twenty  years  of  a<ii'.  with  an  infant  some  six  inonlhs  old, 
wilhonl'foitune,  and  even  with  very  scanty  means  of  s.ip- 
]>(»rt. 

^Vllen  Mary  Gnyard  was  about  to  become  a  bride,  more 
thr(»u;;h  obedience  than  love  or  inclination,  she  saul  to  her 
inoth»'r:  '■  Mother,  since  the  resolution  is  taken,  aiul  that 
luy  father  abs.dutely  wills  it,  I  believe  that  1  am  obliged  to 
bow  to  his  decision  and  to  yours,  but  if  (iod  will  grant  me 
the  grace  of  giving  me  a  son,  I  now  jmnnise  to  oonsecrat(? 
hhu  to  the  Divine  service  ;  ami  if,  afterwards,  lie  .should 


a: 

('(1  uitli  i'!n'(j 
ilit'^iil  ^ivw 
tiers,  u  lit  It'll 
cjiritiii  wliicli 
•  nidst  iiitiiis 
/■  soul;  and  I 
i;i('i(nis  kind- 
'!>  in  lilt'  way 
)'^\\  (li'iin  ('  of 
mid  llic  liivt 

it  smiis  that 
It  iid  (tl"  lilV. 
Huitiiis  state, 
t'dit'iu'c  to  lilt' 
i'l'  to  Chuidius 
t'lid  a  yoMiii;' 

,•  statt'  wi-.s  tt) 

'  was  a  inodt'l 

'  ol   I'ailli  lliat 

-;t  coiuiiitiii  a(!- 

Fo.'  luT  lins- 

1.  (iod-lVaiiii,;;; 

oiialt'  rt'spi'ct  ; 

jipy.     J>iil  till! 

his  nianiajie, 

\\\{\\  scarcely 

<:  iiioiil  lis  old, 

iicaiis  oi'  siip- 

a  biidt',  iiiore 
he  said  to  her 
ken,  and  that 
am  obliged  to 
will  grant  me 
to  conseciate 
ds,  lie  should 


MOTIir.n  MM!)-  OF  Til/:  /\rAl!\.\Tlt)\ 


m 


rostoro  to  nie  lln'  IH'crty  which  I  am  now  Io^Iiil;'  I  !iNi» 
])ronMse  l<»  coiiscciale  inyscir  lo  lliin.""  'riifif  is  sointthiiiL!; 
siii'JiularlN   prophi'tic  in  ihfsi'  words. 

jiut  a  ioim'  loiil  ol"  soirou-  and  sulVcring  was  to  Im-  tiavflctl 
ht'l'ore  tilher  ol"  these  snlOiine  olijecis  was  acconi|)lislifd. 
S(»litiiih'.  nieditalion,  rasting,  prayii-.  continnal  attention  to 
the  holy  pl-eselice  of  (Jo(l.  the  n>e  of  the  liaii-sliiit  ailil  all 
l.iiii'.s  of  inoililicalioii.  ami  wt.nilerfnl  favors  fmm  lleavfii 
-  these  miuhl  foiin  the  heaiMii-^  t.f  «o  many  chaiiteis  in  nia- 
tion  to  iliis  peiiod  in  ihe  lif-  «:f  this  lieioic  wrmian.  "I 
Nlioidd  rcuaitl  as  lost,"  she  writes,  "a  day  passeil  wilhont 
snireilim'  ■" 

At  leiiulli,  aite;-  twelve  yeais  liatl  Iddiiuht  her --iin  beyt  lid 
the  helplessness  (  !  infancy.  .Madame  Marlin  coiiliileil  him  to 
Imt  sister's  care,  tore  iierseif  from  his  ]>resence.  ami  eiiicred 
t!ie  cloister.  Trnly  these  years  of  pioliatioii  had  heeii  to 
her  thenarrt»w.  tht  iiiy  path  leadini--  to  the  mountain  heights 
tif  sa) ctity  Long  l)elt)re  |troiionnciitg  her  vows  as  a  re- 
ligions, she  had  i>ractise(l  tiie  counsels  of  evangelical  per- 
I'ectio'i. 

On  Ihe  •2:)lh  of  .lanuary,  l(!:'.l,  .Madame  .Martin  entered  the 
convei.t  <»f  the  Irstiliiies,  iji  the  city  ol  Ttuirs.  Two  yeais 
after  she  made  her  religious  i)rofessioii.  ami  henceforth  she 
will  l>e  know  as  .Mother  .Mary  of  the  Incarnation. 

It  may,  ])erhaps.  seem  strange  that  this  lady  capal'le  ot 
."■iich  exalted  spirituality,  was  also  gifted  It"  a  rare  deuree 
\.ith  the  faculties  most  useful  in  the  practical  all'airs  of  life 
During  the  several  years  she  six-nl  in  the  house  of  her 
Inother-in-law,  she  provtMl  how  able  ami  (dlicient  she  was  It* 
aid  him  in  the  conduct  of  his  business  Her  heart  wi.s  far 
away  I'nmi  these muntlane  interests,  but  her  talent  for  Inisi- 
iiess'was  not  the  less  disi;layeil.  Of  this  her  s].irit mil  guides 
were  aware,  antl  saw  clearly  that  gifts  so  useful  to  the  world 
might  bo  made  etpially  useful  tt)  the  ("hurch.  lleiic(>  it 
was  that  she  wa.'>  made  Superioress  <»f  the  convent  which 
Jiladamo  do  la  Ptdtrie  was  abtait  to  emlow  nt  Quebec. 

"I  now  sei\"  wrob'  Mother  Mary  of  the  Tncariiatitm  to- 
wards the  end  of  her  days,  "that  all  the  states  of  life,  trials 


f 


« 


47(5  MOTiwu  yr.MiY  OF  rw:  isr.\ux.\Tiny. 

an.l  l:.l).)r.s  thn.u-l.  wl.i.'li  I  l.iivo  pn^sf^H.  luiv  l.a.l  bill  (.n.» 
,,|,j,M-t     to  runti  111"  t'oi'  tlK'  work  t<.  lu-  doiH'  Ml  (':iii:i«li. 

Not  Ion--  !ili.ili"-i'  M.liiiittiiiKvinio  ili«'  lisiiliiu' <-i.nvciit, 
a  luvsl.Mioiis  (livi.ui  <.!■  vision  shu.lowi'd  roitii  Imt  tntun> 
cariMT  Ov.T  ii  (hirk  im<l  perilous  way  the  Ik.Iv  novice 
seemed  to  ixrop'  Uim-l  in  li:in<l  \viil'  :"i  unknown  lady.  A  veu 
,>,•,')]•  pMso;i;i-.;  dir,M-t'l  t lie  travelers  hy  ii  motn.n  ol  liis 
jiand.  and  tlu'V  entered  a  sparions  court,  fornu-d  by  the 
buildiims  (,r  a  Veli-lons  institution  The  pavement  was  .. 
white  niaibj...  intersected  by  lines  of  vermilion.  Over  all 
Heeni.d  to  breathe  the  spirit  of  p  .HV  On  .Mie  si.h'  arose  ;i 
..hapelof  the  pure.t  alabaster,  upon  ihe  summit  ol  w  nch, 
as  npoM  a  throne   were  s.ated   tlu-  Ib.ly  Villain  and  tho 

Divine  ("hiid. 

The<iiei'a  of  II  'aven  seemed  to  be  ,i,^a/.in,u:  upon  a  deso- 
late coinitrv.  covered  with  I'o-s.aml  traversed  by  mountains, 
vallevs.  and  vast  invcipices.      In  th(>  midst  of  these  -luomy 
wastes.  th;>  spires  and  -able-omds  ol'  a  little  church  could  b(^ 
disceniel.    just  visible   above   the  misty  atmosphere,     ^ho 
looked  with  sadness  on  the  <lismal  scene  before  her;  and  as 
l^Iary  of  the  Incarnation  pressed  forward,  close  to  her  seat, 
the  de:ir  Mother  of  Mercy  turned  towards  her  with  a  sweet 
smile  of  welcome,  and,  ,i;iMitly  b'ndin-  down,  she  kissed  tho 
fair  traveler  s  forehead.     Then  she  s.'emed  to  Avhisper  some 
inessau'e  to  tlie  Divine  Child.     It  conrerned  the  salvation  of 
souls.''  Oar  heroine  heard   not  the  words,  Imt  she  canyht 
their  purport;  and,  on  awakinir,  her  •ilowimr  hearty  burned 
more  than  ever  for  the  c»)nversion  of  pagan  nations.' 

A  yeir  later  the  mystery  was  removed.     A  voice  within 

T-riu.  n.,n-(-allmlir  I-ark>i.:.i.  ,l,.^nilu..  tho  vision  thus:  "  In  a  drcm  kI.c  (Mary  of  tl.o  Incamu- 
t!„n,  l...l.M,l  a  la.lv  anknnwn  to  l.rr.  Slu'  l..„U  lu-r  l.an.l;  nn<l  tl.>.  two  joarn,  ycl  (..'-•.■MaT  wrstwanl 
,.,.,vanW  tl..'  M.a."  Tlu'V  soon  nua  ...a.  of  .!..•  .\ik,>.U.s  rlotlaMl  all  ir,  wl.,t...  «■!,<..  w,lh  a  wavr  of 
his  lunil.  mnrtKl  tlran  ....  iLWr  way.  T1...V  now  .■„t<.r,..l  on  a  sr,.,,.-  of  ^nrpas-,n.M»a,'n,IC.nc.. 
It..n..atl.  tla.ir  f..,.,  wa.  a  pavinont  of  .,,naK..  of  white  n>ail.l..  s,,ntt,.,l  w„li  v..n,uhon,  an.l  .  -  .- 
«...t...l  wit).  111.-  of  vivid  H..,rl..t;  a.al  all  aroan.l  stoo.l  nu..,ast...-i..s  of  n.atchl.ss  "•'^  '""  '  ;  ; 
Hat  the  two  trivrl.rs.  witlmat  t^toppin.,.  to  a.liuin'.  a,ovM,l  swiftly  on  till  th.'V  l.-la'!,  Ila'  \ii  ... 
8,,,tr,l  witl.  Her  .i.fai.t  Son  on  a  small  t.mi.U-  of  wliit,.  inarhl...  wlii.li  s.tvcI  li.Tas  a  lliro,,,.,    Si. 

H....m..,l  ah.nt  tlf,,...,.  y..nrs  of  ,i...,  an.l  was  of  a  •  ravisl.in.  1 i.y  ■    Ht  Iva.!  w,.s  ,„rn,.,l  ..>  .U'. 

Kl,..  was  -.ziM.'  11X...11V  ....  a  wiM  waM.'  ..f  n.....ntalns  an.l  vall.'ys.  half  .■oa.'eal..,!  In  m  >  .  Mar  o 
,U.  l-ln,.arna,io,.  appt'oa..!..-!  wl.li  .,nts,r..fl,...l  ,.nns.  a.L.rin.'.  Tl...  virion  '"•"•.l"-;;''-  ''';.;":'• 
Kmllln-,  Uiss...l  her  three  tinu.^s.  wlioroapoti,  in  u  rapture,  tl.e  dreamer  awoke.  -lU<i  .hsuil.  in 
Surli'i  Anuilca. 


loy. 

•('  li:\<l  h\ii  onii 
ill  ('iiii:i(l:i."* 
siiliiu'  cuiivcnt, 
)rtli  Iht  lutiiiv 
ii«  holy  novici' 
k  11  huly.  A  Vi'ii- 
i  lutttioii  of  llJM 
f(»riiu-(l  I'V  tlic 
ivciiK'Ht  was  dl' 
ilidU.  Ovrr  all 
ilic  side  iU'ose  ii 
minit  of  wliicli. 
Virgin  1111(1  till! 

<;  upon  a  (Icso- 
l  by  nioimtaiiis, 
)f  tlicsc  gloomy 
clmrcli  could  ho. 
inosplicrc.     Sli(i 
foiv  her:  and  as 
loso  to  her  seat, 
icr  with  a  sweet 
1,  sh*'  kissed  the 
to  whisper  some 
the  salvation  of 
but  she  cauu'ht 
nu:  heiirt  burned 
nations.' 
A  voice  within 

n  hIio  (Mary  of  tlio  Iiiriirna- 
iinii  yi'rt  td'-'clliiTwrstward. 
ivliili'.  who.  Willi  a  wiivc  of 
if  MirpHs-iiiL'  iiiii.;.'iiilli't'»ci'. 

I  Willi  viTiiiilion,  mill  inlcr- 
of  matclili'^s  arcliitccliirc. 
till  they  lu'lirld  llic  Viwill 

crvcd  lM'ra>  a  lliroiii'.    S!i« 

II  r  I'.'ail  was  tiirncil  asiilc; 
(■(iiicenliMl  ill  mist.     Mario 

-ion  licnt  towards  her.  and, 
r  tiwoke."— y'/is  .hnuit-:  in 


MoT/n:n  mahv  or  riii:  imwrsmiox. 


-177 


the  soul  of  Mary  of  iIk-  Incarnation  caINd  upon  \\\v  in 
round  a  convent  of  her  Order  in  Canada.  ^' he  appeared  lo 
liear  the  Master  of  Life  urging  hfr  to  I'o  to  ilia!  new  land. 
:,nd  "build  a  house  to  lesns  and  Mary.  The  ('liiinh  of 
Canada  was  (hen  in  its  infancy  lis  foiindaiion  sinne  Ii;;d 
reci'iitly  been  laid,  flirongli  the  lofty  /eal  of  Chaui|ilain. 
The  illiistrituis  Father  .lohn  di'  I'.iebeiit,  r\  .1.,  ami  a  band  of 
.bv^uitsweie  loiliiigainong  the  lliiroas  of  IpperCanada,  aial 
othei' ai)osto!ic  priests  of  the  same  Society  .veiv  lalioring  at 
Qiieb.'c,  or  scattered  at  various  points  along  tin-  St. 
liawreiice. 

Tin;  ".lesuit  IJelations,"  which  the  Canadian  nii>'-ion- 
nries  began  to  publish  i.i  lO:!:?,  found  their  way  to  the  I  rsii- 
liiie  Convent  at  Tours,  and  helped  lo  fan  the  tlaine.  It  is 
Tor  the  Almighty  to  provide  the  way  for  the  accomplish- 
ment of  his  own  designs.  In  what  manner  this  was  bidiight 
about,  we  shall  no\.-  brielly  relate. 

Near  the  little  town  of  AhiK.dii.  in  Noiiraiidy.  sl(  cd  the 
castle  of  the  Lord  of  Vaubougon,  the  ancestral  home  of 
M  try  Mrj;la.lene(li»Cliiiivigny.  b  -iter  known  by  the  name  of 
.Madame  de  la  Peltric.  Like  Mary  of  the  Incarnatio:  she 
had  entered  tlKMuarried  stale  through  imre  compliance  to 
llie  will  (  r  her  parent:;. 

Mile,  d  '  Oliiuvigny  wish  -1  to  be  a  religious.  Her  father, 
however,  .)assi(»nately  fond  of  his  beautiful  daughter,  re. 
sisted  her  inclination  I'or  the  cloister,  and  sought  to  wean 
her  back  to  tht^  world;  but  she  escaped  from  the  chateau  to 
a  neighboring  convent,  where  she  resolved  to  remain,  iler 
lather  followed,  carried  her  lioine,  and  engaged  her  in  a 
round  of  ./c/cv  and  hunting  parties,  in  the  midst  of  which 
she  found  herself  suriirised  into  a  betrothal  to  M.  de  la 
Peltrie,  a  young  gentleman  of  rank  and  character. 

The  marriage  proved  a  happy  one.  and  Madame  de  la 
Peltrie,  with  an  (>xc(d]ant  grace,  bore  her  part  in  the  woild 
she  had  wished  to  renounce.  After  a  nnion  of  live  yeais, 
her  husband  ditnl,  and  she  was  left  a  widow  and  (diildlcss 
at  the  age  of  t\v;.^:ity-two.  She  now  gave  her  life  and  free- 
dom to  charity  and  devotion.     The  good  lady  ha'l  heard  of 


47H 


m>rni:n  mmiy  of  tuk  iscausmios'. 


(';mii(l!i:  iintl  uIh'ii  I'litlirr  Lc  .l.-mip's  Urst  '  Kfhitimis"  j-.p- 
iM.iivd,  s\u-  iv:i<l  III. •in  wilh  (l.'li-lil.  '' \\\\s\  '  uioh-  ll.* 
KiiiliiT.  "is  tlirn- 11.1  .liMiitiililf  Jiiul  virtuous  i;i(ly  w  lio  uill 
coiu.'  t.»  this  .■ouiitiy  (.» ;i:itli.'r  ui.tlif  IiI.mmI  ol'  C'lirisl.  liy 
t.'ii.-liin^'  His  utM.I  I.I  the  lilllc  luditiu  uiils." 

I'liis  wiirui  i\\\\\yK\\  L.un.l  a  piouipl  aii.l  vrli.'ni.'Ut  iinsw.  f 

fn.ui  III."  tliiilliuu-  I'l.'iist  ..I'  MiMlii! N-  lu  IN'Inic     llfii.v. 

I'uith  sli.>  tho'inlil  (.r  n.itliinu'  iiut  Caua.hi.  A  lii.uli  aii.l  n..!.!.- 
luiipisc  till.'.l  h'T  s.Hil.  Slit'  r.'S(>lv»'<l  l.>  ji«>  !•»  tlial  Ii.miIu'U 
liinil.  au.l  '-ailii'i-  up  Hi"'  pr.'.'io.is  1)1. mkI  of  Christ.  Mut  lie- 
loiv  she  ha. I  artually  laU.-n  auyst.-p  L.war.N  ih<-  ruIliihu.'Mt 
..I"  her  pious  pi..j.'.-t.  sh.'  f.'il  (hinp-1'..usly  ill.  Ih'i'  lil'.'  \v;;s 
(h'spaiivil  ..!'.  Ill  this  .'xtivMiity.  she  iua(U'  a  sdlcuin  vow  to 
u<)  to  Cana.hi.  au<l  to  louu.l,  in  houor  of  St.  .L.s.'ph.  an  I'lsu 
iiiif  convent  l'.»r  the  insiiiicii.iu  of   the  litth'   Indian  and 

Fivii.'h  nirls. 

Sn.ldenly.  as  j'r.tin  tli.'  Iiiiak  of  tli.'  yravc.  she  arose  to 
p..rr.rt  health.  Iiut  nii-ny  dillicidties  yet  remain. •<!  i..  he 
ov.-iT  .ine.  Family  int.-.csts  (•liau.t-'ed  them  to  persecution. 
She  was  harass.-d'  by  l.'.ual  pio.v.-dimis.  Those  who  cov- 
eted 111.'  wealth  she  v.iis  iiivinu'  !•»  ^o.td  works  were  'ven 
determined  to  .lepiiv.'  h.'i- of  her  lil)i"i'ty  in  order  to  ol>lain 
it.  liy  the  advi;'.'  .if  wise  and  l.'arnt>(l  i)riests.  liowev.-r.  sh.' 
adopted  nieasuivs  whi.-h  thwart. 'd  all  opposition,  and  h.'- 
M-iin  to  carry  .mt  h.>r  desin'ii  .»f  piocee.lin.L^  to  Ih.'  w  ild.'rn.-ss 
of  th.'  New  Worl.l  in  or.l.-i'  to  f.iund  an  l'r.suline  conv.'iit  o:i 
tlie  hanks  of  the  St.  l/iwivnce. 

It  r.'aiained  to  obtain  nuns  for  the  proi^osed  r.uin.Iation. 
IMadame  d.^  la  Teltrie  sought  the  advice  of  i''atli.'r  I'oiic.'t, 
S.  .1..  who  was  chariiv.l  with  the  Canadian  niissi.)ns;  ami  t.> 
hi'V  gr>'at  joy  learned  from  him  the  ])!irticnlars  of  the  lito 
:iud  vocation  of  Mary  of  the  liicarnaii.»n.  Not  many  w.'eks 
later,  the  pious  wi.low  was  at  Tours,  n.'i^'otiatin.u;  llu^  all'air 
with  the  Archbi.dio]!. 

Midani.^  de  la  Peltrie  was  no  s.toner  admitted  into  tho 
convent,  than  Mother  Mary  of  tho  Im-arnation  recopilzeil 
in  her  the  unknown  cnmpani.tn  with  whom,  in  that  myste- 
rious dream,  eight  years  b-fore,  sholuiti  toiled  along  ii  per- 


Tl 


?t'l:itl<ms"  .".p- 
sl    '    Wldlr   \\o 

hidy  \vliu  uill 
I  ol'  C'liiUl.  l»y 

icllictl)    MllsWtf 
•lllif.        llt'lKT. 

Iii:;li  iiinl  iiolih' 
u  tliiit  liriilliru 
lil'ist.  Hut  lic- 
llic  riillillliitMif 
llci'  life  \v;;s 
.sdlclllll  V<t\V  1(1 
iscpli,  Jill  I  IMI 
l(>   Indian  ami 

I',  slic  arnsf  to 
'(■niaiiu'fl  In  1).' 
1(1  iMTst'cntion. 
lose  \\!i(»  cnv- 
nks  welt'  "\('U 
order  to  olitaiu 
■i.  liowt'vt'r.  slit> 
sitifiii,  ami  ln'- 
tin'  wildi'iiM'ss 
lim'  convent  o:i 

;ed  rniindiition. 
Father  I'oMcet, 
lissioiis;  and  to 
lars  of  the  lift? 
(>t  many  \v(>eks 
atinu;  tlu^  all'air 

nil  ted  into  tl.(^ 

tion  iv('(>fj;ni/.e<l 

in  that  inyste- 

led  along  ii  per- 


MoniKU  mm:)  oi-  riii:  iMMis.iitos 


47ff 


lions  pathway  thronuh  tlie  wildeiiiess  (.T  a  NtiatiLie  'and  It 
was  neressary  to  clionsi'  a  companion  Tor  Moihei  Mary; 
jiiid  tills  was'eipiaily  o/errnleil  by  ProvideiK  *•  All  were 
anxious  to  ol»taln  the  mtnilnatioii. 

One  aione.  In  liei  linmillty  jndued  lierself  iinuoiihy  of 
snch  a  distlndioii:  l>nl  sli<-  was  the  cllo^en  one.  Of  noble 
l.iith.  livntle  mien,  an  I  <lelicale  health,  the  yonlhl'nl  and 
jiccompllshi'.l  Mary  de  la  'I'l.uhe.  known  in  reli-inn  as 
Mtitliei-  St.  .losepli,  was  too  timid  and  too  mode>t  to  t  hink  ol' 
iiersell'  as  a  candidate  for  the  wild  Canadian  nii>«-l<m,  Vi  t 
this  sweet,  delicate, uirl  was  cho,rn.  and  wisely  chosen. 

It  now  remained  to  n-r  ilate  the  temporal  alVnirs  of  the 
projected  I'onndation,  and  to  receive  the  (lenediction  ol"  tlm 
Archhishop  of  'I'onrs.  Tli 'as^'inl.ly  w.ish'ldm  tin-  airhi- 
rpisc(»pal  ivsidence.  The  veneral)Ie  prelate,  who  was  in 
his  eiuhtieth  year,  was  ch-eply  inov*'d.  And  when  the  mo- 
nient  for  partinu- came,  he  arose,  presented  ilic  iw(.ii;:iis  to 
Madame  de  la  I'eltrie,  and  addressed  her  inili-se  remark- 

illde  words; 

••These  are  the  tw(»    foundation  stones  of    the    temple 
^vhicll  you  an;  nhont  to  erect   in  the   New  World   lor  thy 
Ml„ry  u'f  (Jod.     Fortius  <"nd,  and  accordin.ixto  your  nipiesf, 
I  entrust  tlieni  to  you.     On  the  mo  lei  of    the  .lernsalem 
above,  may  they  be'  two  precious  stones  in  the  foundation. 
May  this  ediliei'  be  a  mansion  of  jieace  and  iiraceand  c(de,s- 
tial"blessinu-s.  more  abundant  than  those  of  the  ancient  Tem- 
ple of   Sohmion.     :^lny   the  .'(Torts   of   hell   never  prevail 
n'--ainst  it,  anv  more  tlian  a-^ainst  the   Holy  Churcli.     And 
shice  this  house  is  to  be  built  for  the  Almighty,  may  Helix 
His  dwellini?  there,  as  the  Father  and  as  tlm  Spouse,  not 
(nily  of  the  nuns  whom  I   conlide  to  you,  but   of  all   who 
may  accompany  them,  or  who  will  live  there  after  them,  to 
the  end  of  time." 

0:i  the  4th  of  >[.iy.  10:?^.  Madame  de  la  Ptdtrie,  Mother 
Mary  of  the  Incarnation,  Mother  Mary  of  St.  Joseph,  and 
another  Ursnline'  embarked  at  Dieppe  for  Canada.     In  the 

~riiirili7ra  (^^ni..i.  WHS  Mother  CceiUa  UicUcr  of  the  Cros«:  bhe  hud  bcci.  u  inoinbcr  of  the 
L'rsiiliuc  convent  at  Uiipiic. 


' 


480 


mTitKn  MMir  of  tuk  iSfwusATioy. 


Hliip  worn  nlso  tlu youn^  llosjufiil  niiiis.  n-nt  mil  lo  l'..ini<l 

nKiiM-lMTii  llut.'l  Dit'ii,  .'iidow.-d  by  tin-  Diicli.-ss  c.l'  Aiunil- 
Inii,  111.'  I'miiiuus  nicn'  ctl'  ('iirdiiinl  inrlifli.-ii.  II. -iv.  Km., 
wrm  K;ill'<T  I'oMccf.  S..I.,  !iii(i  Kiillicr  (  liiiiiii.niu.t.  S..).,  ..ii 
till'  way  ii»  th.'ir  nii'<si..ii,  1(.-.'||i.t  with  l-'iillifi'  \  itiM.iii, 
S.  .1..  will)  was  tosuiTD.'d  Fatli.'ili'.l<'iiiir,  S.  .).,  in  liis  i.nst 

i»r  supi'i'iiM'. 

To  till'  niitis.  nnlf  frciu  tlu*  cloisttMiMl  scrliisioii,   tlwif 

j„„st   have  1 !i  ii  St  ran-.'  ati.l  start  liii,^  iiov.'lty  in  this  ii.'w 

world  (•!'  lit.'  atid  action  -th.'  ship,  th.-  saih.rs,  th.'  shunts  oC 
coninian.l,  the  llai^anu'  .d"  sails,  tli.-  salt  wind,  and  th.-  t.iss- 
uvx,  l.oist.-roMs  s;-a.  Tlir  voya-f  was  lon,^'  and  t.'dioiis. 
s/mictinii's  tlii'V  lay  in  tln-ir  l.crths,  sra  sick  and  w.m>  Ix-- 
Ui.iii',  som'tini-s  th.-y  sany  in  choir  on  ^\^'^'\^,  or  heard  Mass 
in  till'  cahin. 

Oaci'.  oa  a  niisfy  iiiornin'j;,  :i  wild  cry  or  alarm  sraitlcd 
crew  and  p  issfii-vrs  alilic  A  hn.u^.f  ici'IuTu' was  driltin.^; 
<-losi'  npoii  them.  Th.'  peril  was  extreme.  Madame  de  la 
Peltrie  .■Iniii'-  to  M.tth.'r  Mary  of  tlie  [ncariuiti.tii,  who  stood 
pcrfei'tly  calm,  and  .leathered  her  jJ?own  al)()nr  her  feet,  that 
she  miLilit  drown  with  .'eceiicy.  In  this  mom.'iit  .d"  peiil 
tliey  ma(h'  a  vow  to  the  Blessed  Vir.uin  and  St.  .loseph; 
Fathi'r  Vimont  (dfered  it  in  behalf  of  all  the  company,  and 
th.'  ship  j,di<led  into  the  open  seti  unharmed.' 

It  was  midsummer  when  tliey  arrived  in  the  harbor  of 
Tadoiissac,  at  the  contliience  of  the  Saiiuenay  with  the  St. 
Lawrence.  Oar  traveleis,  no  donl>t,  were  iiiii»ressed  with 
tlie  stern,  savau'e  f^randeur  of  llie  scenery.  There  stood 
J'rownini--  the  bleak,  imp 'ndiny-  rlilTs,  risinLC  i)erpendicnlar]y, 
;uid  formin.i:;  a  ^^,^•antic  gateway  thron.uh  which  Ilie  dark 
Maters  of  tlie  somlier  Sainienay  issue-a  fathondess  flood  — 
remin  li!iu'  tlie  spi^ctatoi'  of  lon'j;  a.ires  past,  and  the  terrible 
o(mvnlsi(>ns  of  nature  since  her  birth. 

Tlie  dtmse,  lonely  forests  were  unbroken,  save  by  the 
onrlinu-  smoke  of  the  wi,ii;\vam  iiiv,  or  the  rude  sheds  of  the 
tradin-;  station.     Strange  and  wild  were  these  swarthy  hunt- 


1  Parkman. 


«ijm^! 


r 


r).V 


MOTnru  v.i/.'v  or  rni:  imwusmios. 


'JSl 


It  ••111  i<>  r<iuii(i 

lu'SM  of  Aiuuil- 
II.     ll»'rt',  t<i(i, 

l.nlKtt,  S.,).,  (Ill 

iiilit'i"  \'iiiH»nr, 
.).,  ill  hi."*  1)1  (St 

■fliisidii,  tlit'iP 
Ity  ill  tli'iM  iit'w 
>.  I  lit'  shouts  oC 
1,  iiinl  tht'  toss- 
;  Mini  tt'ilioiis. 
•k  iiiid  \V(ti'  l)f- 
i>r  liciird  M;iss 

iiliirtn  stiiitliMl 
•'J-  \v;is  (ilillill^' 
Miuliime  (h'  hi 
liuii,  w  lit)  stood 
t  lit'V  feet,  that 
lonu'iit  ol"  jicril 
lid  St.  .Joseph; 
y  company,  and 

I  th(>  hai'lior  of 
ay  with  tin'  St. 
iiiipri'sscd  with 
w  Tlid'H  stood 
)('i'i)('ndicuhiily, 
,vhifh  111.'  dark 
honih'ss  flood  — 
ind  the  terrible 

n.  savp  hy  the 
ide  slicds  of  the 
;e  swarthv  hunt- 


ers, till-  roviu'4  Al.roiu|uins,  who  had  couif  to  this  point, 
l)iiimiu;i'  llu-ir  riii>  tin-  shin  of  the  l)t'avrr,  the  seal,  and  the 
marl)'!!.  loexeliaU'-e  lor  Uiiives,  kettles,  hiankets.  and  otiwr 
I'jiiopeau  rollliuodilies.    The  Jioor  Indians  ;;a/,ed  with  aiiia/e- 

iiii-nt  on  these  fair  ••dau.uditers  of  saeh s,"   who,  they  were 

told,  had  left  their  ha|ipy  hoiia  s  heyond  the  *  (Jreat  Sea" 
to  teach  the  wives  and  dauuliteis  of  ih<'  red  man  how  to  live 
ill  this!  world,  and  prepare  themselves  f<.r  the  iie\t. 

'I'lie  aito-itoli-  p>ss,'n'.,'er.s  were  impatieiil  t(.  reach  their 
d'stiaatioa.  L -aviim' the  ship  in  which  they  li;id  traversed 
111,.  Ailaiilic  to  i;-i  liMlIic.  tln-y  i»uslieil  up  the  river  in  :i 
smaller  vessel.  It  was  tin;  l>t  of  Au.uiisl.  IC,:!;*,  as  they 
l,,.;livd  the  still  ru  le  foitress  of  (iuehe-.  All  lahor  ceased, 
and  the  cannon  lio  );ned  weleoaie  Irom  lie'  heiuhts  of  Cape 
Diamond.  The  wooileii  tenements  and  tin;  Indian  lamp 
lod-es  alike  s"!it  foitli  111  'ir  iiihat)itauts  to  view  the  reliuhms 
stram^eis.  The  nillant  <:ov,'rnor  Moiitma,i.>iiy.  in  hrillianl 
nniform,  surroiiiiiled  hy  his  stall,  some  .lesiiit  Fathers,  and 
;i  lile  (iif  soldiers,  were  all  raniivd  on  the  shore. 

On  landin,L^  the  nuns  fell  j. rostrate,  and  kissed  tlie  soil  of 
Cilia  1 1.  Tin'  p;o;is  cort  'U'i'  moved  on.  climhiiiii'  the  /iu'/a.t; 
iiitlr.vay  lip  th  '  stc'p  tiow  known  as  Moiinlain  street.  At 
the  top"of  the  hill,  to  tin*  I'-i-f.  '<\;i^  tl>''  li"l«'  ••liiil)el  of  oiir 
La.ly  of  Recovery,  which  had  l)een  hiiilt  l>y  Chami.lain  in 
Muvi  Mass  was'oir.r.'d  up  by  the  Fatln-r  Superior  of  the 
mission;;.  The  7V  />./////  was  chanted.  Then  tliey  dined  at 
tlie  fort,  and  presently  set  forth  to  visit  the  new  settlement 
of  Sillerv,  four  miles  above  Quebec. 

Xoel  Brulart  de  Sillery,  a  Kni-ht  of  Malta,  who  had  once 
lill.'d  the  hi^diest  olUces  under  the  Queen  Marie  de  Medicis, 
had  now  severed  his  connection  with  his  Order,  renoiiiu'ed  the 
world,  and  become  a  priest.  lie  devoteil  his  vast  revenues 
to  the  foiindin.i::  of  relii^^ious  establisliments.  Anion.u;  other 
endowments,  he  liad  placed  ample  funds  in  the  hands  ;)f  the 
.Jesuit  Fathers  for  the  formation  of  a  settlement  of  Chris- 
tian Indians  at  the  spot  which  still  bears  his  name.  On  the 
strand  of  Sillery  between  the  river  and  the  woody  liei^dits 
behind,  were  clustered  the  small  log-cabins  uf  a  number  of 


r 


I 


MoufKit  1M/.')  (>!■  nil.  j\rMi\.[rroy. 


AliroiKiniiis,  r'(»iiv<'rt«<.    tup-tlifr   wiili   ji  rlmirli.  a   mi 


;s|(ill 


liuii^'t',  iiii'l  nil  nilirmiiiy 


tin-  wliolf  siiii'<»uiuli'<l  l>y  :i   |i;ili 


H:i»lt'.'  It  \v;is  In  this  pl.ir.-  iliat  Midlanu'  tl.'  la  IN-liiic  Mary 
«i|'  ihc  liicanialioii.  ami  llifif  •■(•mpaiiiniM  wfic  imw  cnij- 
tliiftfil  l.y  I  In-  .1. •suits,  'rii.'  scfiii-  .l.lmlil'''l  and  .-.lirhMl 
th.'in;  aii<l  ill  tli«'  traiispnils  of  llirir  /riil.  lliry  s..i/,c<l  aii»l 
Uiss.Ml  .'vi'iy  i'l'iiiili'  lii'liaii  ••liiM  ••hwIk-mi  llit-y  «'..ii1<I  lay 

vs  l''atli  'V  li  '.li'iiiif.  "wliftln'r 


liamls,  "witliiMit  iniiiiliiij,'."  sa 


t.        '  Love  ami  charily.  '   Ik*  adds, 


tlii'y  wen-  dii'ty  or  m> 

'•lrimii|ilii'd  int'i' <'vrry  liiiman  ('(iiisidt'raii(»n.' 

Wlii'ii  111"  iitins  visit. mI  ill.'  chai)  -I  tln-y  li'-aid  I'or  tli-'  first 
time  111.'  voin-s  (.1"  III  •  Indians  siimin-  hymns  hymns,  to.., 
in  a  lan'j;iia.u"  ihit  s  M-m  •  I  liU<'lh  •  cli m.-riiiu'  and  t\.iltfriiiu,' 
of  birds?  i-'iitliT  li'.h'iin'  atiMMiir-'l  ihii  a  iienphyt.'  was 
t(.  1)1'  buptiz'd.  an  I  M  i dun  •  «h'  la  I'-dtiir-  stood  as  ,<:.kI- 
iimtln'r. 

Till'  CiNiiIin  ••<  r.'lir.'d  to  lli'-lr  h'ltnMi'  al)idi>.     It   was  a 


HaiiH  biiildiiij;  o:i 


III  '  wliari*,  an  I  ih-v  hrl   m  Mvly  the  loin 


r  it.      It   was.   lt'l■llal>^,   itjvr'i'aM  '  loan    Imliaii  wiii-wani: 
llu-  hi'ioii-  Miithi'i  M:ii'v  of  ilic  lm':..na- 


o 


111  whicli.  Iiou.vcr. 


tioa  d'l'lari'd  that  sih'  was  pr.-iiaivi  to  loduf 


'  Till'  Ki'iltiili'i'i  lull 
tlvr  niiliii"^-iir  Ihi'  Aljiiii  i>m 
(laiUii  tlicir  |i.i'iili.iiifi-liiiii.'  Ilu'  piMirxi 


-N'lMl.if  'Hinr  (iriiTii  fjiinllii'-  llK'if  lril.ii:iii<in-" 


wl^jiMilii  liillir-nli-t.iiilnl-uiii'  lull    .     .  .1 
iillh  r  iMilliilr  liMli'  |i:i|i< 


to  lll'l-  111    till'  "I'll 

(,'i'tlu'i-  tun  a:  llllMlIn 


U  uilli  iliiiii     'I'lii'  olilii  riil-Ulmi'il  iii'liiii'  'tiipllMir  \tV 


(t.i:n  till'  piiiil  pill"':  «liii:iillii  .V  know.  uU  uulUcr  romm, 


tlli'lr  fri.'lit      l,'uiil>','(ij  l!'i  Mimil-toi/.  Vol    1. 


9  I'arkinaii. 


ml 


I'll 


■|'  to 


77';  .V, 

iiicli.  a   iiiiss'uui 
iiidi'd  by  a  i>i»ll- 
hi  IN'lriif.  Mary 

Ut'lC    llllW     COtl- 

|f<l  and  rdilifil 
tlu'V  M»'i/,('(l  and 
1  tln-y  I'oiild  lay 
li'imc.  "wIh'IIii'I' 
tiiiy.  '  Ih-  ad(h, 
ti/  ■ 

curd  for  till!  tirsf 
US  liyimis.  t(to, 
m'  ami  iN.iitt'riiitj; 
ii  ui'opliyti'  was 
('•  stood  as  uod- 

I)  lilt'.      It    was  a 

Ml  'I'l'ly   tln'  lolM 

Iiuliati  wiuwain: 
\,-  of  I  lie  I  III-:. ilia- 


rn  <                    • 

•  ' ■■'  |iiiiiil 

.  .  \i 

■  iiiH, 

|i:i|liii. 

r:"iily 

)  iliiir  111'  .• 

I'tCI 

lUcr  rmmii, ; 

31 

1 


(  llAl'TKIf    II. 
MOTmn:  mahv  or  mi:  incakn  ation  \\i»  iii'i:  ni-ir.^. 

],ntntlii>l  th<  liiilhni  fiiii;/'/"!/'S  'I  In  lillf>  n.imiif  iiinl 
antflnnH  ^^unill  r'X'  <'<>i"'"'f  f'J'  -  l>!ll}>''iltos  -Tin: 
littlhlii  U'lrl  "•'■  "  foin-inl  i)iii>ll  St,tn''  i.rf(iit/>/rM  — 
yV;v.s■r^  i/ir  llinoii  ifnl  II' r  hlhi'  In  M  ,'lnr  M'trii  nn 
pniNiinJrnni  Inf  cniin  III  lioiin  .  -Su./n-  .<liurl  ninl  si,, up 
i;jh(lin  IX. 

Motlirr  M  <iy  of  tin-  Incarnation  and  Ii'T  li^nlini's  iM-irau 
lal»orinu%  "acrofdinu'  to  tln-ir  Insiitm...""  loi'  ili.'  l-'it-nrli 
impilsat  tlifsanx'  tim-  that  tlii-y  w.-iv  laskinu"  ilu'ir  .lu'i' 
o'les  to  acquirt'  tli!'  Indian  lannna^vs.  In  l''atliii-  I..- .I.'iin.'. 
S.  ,1,,  tlicv  had  an  al)l<'  and  willing'  ifaclnT.  who  had  Iti-innii* 
l.'ani'«'d  in'  tli-'  l)ail>arons  dial.'ris  of  Ant. 'lira  only  at  tlif  cx- 
piMisc  of  hard  toil,  iirul  many  nioJilhs  of  forest  lift'  with  tho 
rovinj;  sava^rt's.' 

We  must,  howcn-cr.  have  a  pno])  at   Ih.'  int.-rior  of  th.>  lit- 

th.  c.mv.'nt  and  aca.l.'tny.     This  stately  n-si.h'ii 'oiisistrd 

of  two  rooms,  the  larger  l)"ln,u;  sixteen  fe.-f  s.iuare.  The 
other  was  small.'r,  und  was  enricheil  with  a  cellar  and  j;ar- 
ret.  The  larpM- ainrtment  servecl  as  a  dormitory,  the  beds 
l.eini;  arran.L^ed  in  tiers  ah.m;  th.'  wall;  bnt  it  was  als.>  a 
pallor,  choir,  l^itchen,  refectory,  and  recreation  room.     The 


1  Fnlli.T  IMt.l  I,.'  .T.Mino  wi>-  on..  ..f  ll.r  flr-t  J.-nIt-  th,U  ram-  t-i  (M.m.h.  At  llr-f  liU  .li.tlr-  a* 
Siiii.ri..rim'V...itr,l  liU  i.'..inu' on  tlir  mi-Ion  ani(in- III.'  Ii.iliiin-.aii'l  li"  W:.-  olillt'i'.l  to  Iran,  tli.ir 
hn'ma.'..  1'.  ii.-t  !..■  nml.l,  in  hi-  nmm.  To  a^-l.t  him  In  hi-  .lally  '..-on-.  Ii,'  rn-a-.'.l  tli.'  mt- 
vl,.."-of  nil  Alirnn.iuiii  lumi.d  IM.tt.-.  S.-at.d  m  w.m<l..n  hIooN  hy  Ihr  lon.Mi  tahlr  In  tl„.  nl.'.- 
ton  tl..'  l.ri.st  »i»l  th.-  imllan  |mr-u..(l  thnr  -Inili.-.  "  How  llnnklnl  I  „ni."  «rof  lal  lur  K- 
,,,,;,;..  ..  ,„  ,1,,,-..  vho  LMv..  m-  lolmcco  la-t  yrar.  At  .-vry  .lillUiilly  I  u-is-  inv  iiu-l.r  a  |.i.  .■.• .. 
It  to  mak..  him  .nor,,  iitfiitiv.:"  Tli..  worthy  .I.-nit,  .l.-lro:i-  of  k.III  nior,.  familiarl/.lni.'  Iiim.,lf 
wMh  In.llan  •■u-tom-.  lanu-nau'..  an.l  mo.lc  of  lif.'.  .l.....rmin,..l,  afn  r  M.m..  ilm.,  to  .|„.n,l  a  p.irtl.in 
of  tlu.  vviii.,.r  anion...  the  sua.'.-  n-ar  (in.!....-.  \h'  r..  .m,..l  wiih  .li..m  r..r  -.v-ri  n.onil.,.  b..n;t 
l.nllv  tr..at..<l  Imir-larv..!.  almo-l  fn«,  ;i.  an.l  forlunal.-  in  i;..niii-'  h'l.U  with  hi-  hou.l  H.My 
|...at,".a  on  hU  BhouiacTK.-yt>J-.//<l»'  IIMonj  of  the  Vullivlk  VlKiirh  i/i  Ih,  I  n.U,,  S'„'.>,. 

483 


481 


MnWKn  M\UY  OF  riih:  iscMisxriny. 


{!i 


HinulItT  niKiiftm-rit  was  tlif  cIjihs  niom.  Afi  iifMifloinil  ulii;; 
— u  Hort  of  •*hiM|  -mi-rvi'it  us  ii  kiinl  ol  cxft'iior  i»;iili»r.  wIhiv. 

flir-.llu'll    III''    Msillll    iriilllll-,'.    till'    IIIIIH    ntuM    S|n.ilk    nf    («im| 

iiii'l  Ui'l'minii  i(t  I't'iiili.T.'il  rliii'ls  nil  I  tlii^^Uy  w.ininrs. 

llait|»ily.  tli<'  <'iin:i<llim  cnluuhts  li:i<l  liivmtiil  mii  onlr 
of    ari'iilttvfiii'H    wlilcli   was   ii<it    Vfi-y   i'X|i"(isis.'.     A    l.»v 

Hri'Otn;  jMHtS  of   oak.   IIMpif.   Of  S  CM  •    OtllT  llll'l   WOO.j.    WflO 

•  iriv.'ii  Into  th'  tri'oim  I;  sum  •  liiis  l»iimi|  tlii'iii  lou'-'tlnT; 
llif  wliojc  was  tlit'ii  covcivd  Willi  [ilaiiks,  ami  liiiiilifil  olT 
with  roii.iili  plasf.'iiii'j:.  'rin-  t'llill '.«  was  tlius  conipl.-ifil  A 
t'liapt'l  III  tills  sfyli',  lii'fon'  iIih  wiiiti'i'  rlost-tl  in,  was  raised, 

mill  rt ivi'il  til"    \uil(h-il  tal» 'iiiii'l''."  tin' part  iim  ^-il'i  ni  a 

fri.'iiil.  It  is  a  ili'liulitriilly  'il.'voat cliapi'l"  sooin-wiio 
Haw  it  auli'Mis  "au'ii'i-abli"  for  its  poverty;"  iiml.  iiltove  all, 
im'cloiis  to  Miitlicr  M  iry  aiil  ln'i-  companloiis,  I'it  it  was 
the  rcsldenni  of  ilu' liiilili'ii  ll'di'ciiii'r. 

Tlio  risiiliiii's  had  si-ai-ci'ly  tiiii"  to  put  tln-ir  liiiailtlo 
aliodt'  ill  order,  \klii'U  that  terrible  si' »ur;,'e,  ihe.smallpnx, 
Hiiddeiily  traiisl'i»rin'.' I  it  into  a  hospital.  'I'ln'  ImUaii  ehil- 
dreii  especially  were  attacked  with  virulence,  and  the  nuns 
had  aliundant  occasion  for  the  exercise  i.l'  kindness,  pa- 
tience, and  charity.  Nii;hl  and  day  the  little  tawny  MilVer- 
ers  were  tended  l>v  their  inilei'ali,naltle  nurses.  Four  chil* 
dri'ii  died  of  til!?  fri;j;hirul  malady,  and  then  it  entirely  dis- 
npi>i'ared;  lait  not  until  the  whole  stock  (»f  linen  for  the 
use  of  the  [ndian  childrt'ii  ami  the  convent  was  exhausted. 
This  was  a  serious  los.s.  Thero  was  no  sui^tly  to  be  yot 
ueari-r  than  France. 

Winter  ptissed  away,  and  the  annual  fleet  from  tho 
Mother  Colli. '.ry  brought  two  more  rrsulines  |i>  the  littlu 
convent  at  (Quebec,  where  they  "live  in  admirable  jteaci) 
and  union.*''  Mother  Mary  of  the  Incarnatinii,  wrote  oiio 
of  the  religious  newcomers,  "tre.ats  me  with  too  much 
honor.  The  sweet  odor  of  sanctity  t^eenis  to  .surround 
her,  and  to  »>mlialni  all  who  approach  her.  Mother  St. 
Joseph'  is  a  charming  piTscni,  most  accomplished  in  every 


<  The  m'ntle  nml  di'llcatc  Mary  ilc  lu  Troche. 


Iilitiulllll    willL* 

|»;irliir.  wIh'ic, 

.iiiiiii"*. 

iiffil  nil  onli-r 

IslVt'.  A  IfvV 
•il  Woidl.  \Vi'|t» 
ii'iii  |(iL,'i'tliiT; 
il  litiisht'd  t)ir 
'oiiipli'lfil  A 
II,  wii-s  ruisi'd, 
I'tiiii;  ;;irt  ui  il, 

Ht»    <llli'  W  III) 

itnl.  iiIm)Vi'  nil, 
ns,  it 'I'  it  wns 

tli*'ii'  liiinililo 

iIh'  Mii;i!l|H»x, 

■    lin'.inii   cliil- 

niid  tilt'  iiiiiiH 

kimliit'ss.  ii;i- 

'  t;iu  iiy  MilViT- 

S.       KtHIl'  cliil- 

it  ciitiit'ly  dis- 

liiifii   for   tli*3 

ns  cxliiiiistfil. 

ply  to  bo  gut 

ept  from  tlio 
s  to  tlit>  Utile 
luirablt'  jM-actj 

ioll,  Wl'titf   olio 

itii  tt)t)  iniifli 
i  to  MintiiiiKl 
.  MtdliiT  St. 
slicd  ill  every 


Hfniiiri:  tr  I/.')'  nr  rin:  i\t\t,'\.\rio.\'. 


'JfO 


wfiv  Oiiriiiu  recreufloti  ««h"  ofii'ti  iiinKt"<  ii<*  Iniiu'li  till  «•• 
fiiiilv'ry  Ir  is  |iii|io*^il»|i'  in  Itf  m  •lniiiliol_\  in  Ini  •oin. 
IMiiv  slii>  loves  rti'  liitli"  Itidi.iii  u'liN  liUf  n  iiioili'i. 
Alift  tMilifflii-m.  nlif  I'virlifs   ilit-iii  to  ^-liiy;  hyiniis  ntid   fo 

ttilH'll  ll|i'\io|.     SdllM'tlllH'S  sill'  ji'llVes  iIh'III  Io  pfrrollllollftif 

lli.ir  own  [•.iiittHMlini'  d  iin-fs  ntcl  llif  liiili'<»fliol;ii>  innK"-  iio 
ei'ivinoiiy  ol"  iiisiiiiij;  M  i  luii  •  <l  •  lii  I't'ltrif  i'»  ilaiiff  uiili 
llii'in.  whii'li  s'l  •  ill  '4  Willi  Ml '  It  "tt  tfiMt"  in  l!ii'  worlij." 

Siii'Ii  infiilt'iiit  ill  tin-  III"!  Iti'lonir  to  ili*'  l>i'niili"s  of 
Atm-neati  riiliolir  lii«.toiy  'I'Im-  roiiliiifs  liiul.  inil.'fd. 
niiiH- to  riiiadn  at  llx'  i'i>|iorniiii'  iiHtini'iit.  'I'lii'  lii'M  in 
wliii'li  niH.oiolif  mi>>.intiaiifs  lal'oivd  ion;:'  wiili  I'lH  liiil" 
Micctws  had.  lit  lii>i.  liL.iin  to  yit'lil  fniii  MoIIkt  Mary 
III"  til.'  Ineariiariitn  and  iM-r  I  i^iiliiifs  foiisiili'ivil  ilifiiisi  Im-h 
Hiipi'-ni'dy  happy  in  I'-in'r  rMll.-d  lo  ai«l  In  •,'ailiiiiiiu-  iii  itif 
pri'rioiis  liai'M'st. 

'I'll.'  ilillii'iiliif>  of  til.'  '•iliiati..n.  li-.wi'Vfr.  \\«':.'  fiioiiiioiis. 
Til"  t'xp  'iis.'H  w.'iv  lar^v.  It  imisf  Im-  horiif  in  mind  that  ll f 
Iiillatipiipih  and  soiiii'tiim's  even  lln'ir  raiiiili.">  liail  lo 
Im.  I'.'.l  and  clofht'tl  irratis.  At  Ilif  parlor,  w  lifiv  the  iiim-i 
e\'.'ifis:'d  ili.'ir  /cal  in  l.'liall"  .d'  ili.-  wariioi^.  it  was  not 
Mil  !i'lv  t!ii'  Iiivail  of  iii^ti  ai'tioii  that  v.as  in  ln'  hroki'ii;  I. lit, 

nt iliun'  to  llif  111  liaii  laws  ..I'  lio.pil.ilil  \ ,  lie-  l-'i'd  of  the 

body  was  iiidi«»pi'iisalili'. 

Aiiioiiu;  tliost'  hanly  rovers  td"  the  wihleriiess  in  Canada, 
if  was  eoiisid  ■red  an  alVrotit  to  semi  away  a  um-l  wil'e  iit 
inviting'  hlni  to  eat.  Tlie  '"pot  of  S<i;/i//h;/>  "  luiil  tt.  he 
ci.iistaiitly  o'l  the  lir:'.  Prom  time  t,.  lime,  a  more  "spl.-ii- 
ditl  h.inqi'iet"  was  i.r'pare.l  It.r  sixty  or  ei-^liiy  ilnsky  vis- 
itors. On  siifli  (M'tasioiis  it  reqiiireil  "a  liidel  of  Maek 
p!ii!in.  tweatyd'.mr  i)  >aa  Is  of  hr'ail.  a  due  .piaiitily  <d"  In- 
dian mvil  or  j^roiiM.l  p -as.  a  ilo/eii  <d'  tallow  camlles 
melted,  ami  two  or  three  poiimis  t»r  fat  jioik""  all  well 
boiletl  toiiethei.  "It  woiild  !)•'  a  l>ity,"  writes  Mother 
Mary  of  the  Iiicarnatloii,  '•  tt>  deprive  these  i»iior  iieople  td' 
HMfli  il  feast,  since  ir  retpiires  nt)  more  tt)  content  even  their 
siK'liems  anil  war-cliiefs." 

it  must  be  {•onferised  that  this  was  rcnuukiiMe  work  fur 


I 


tNt 


Mnwrn  v.MH'  or  ritr.  tsrMiswtnx 


\\\v  rixiiliii"-*  til  iHtiiiiiplUlt.  Tin-  I'. II  uiis  Iwyniiil  ili»'|»' 
'♦fh'»y:l!«.  'I'ln' vh)f«i  h>tl»»'  WHti-lt  i  hil  I'siilnr  w«'ii»  iiiit'i>ti«- 
\}\\£.  ••Iliif."  '•.i.v«*  llM'^riviti  Motlii  !•  Miiiy,  "iln-  |.iit\|t|iiuv 
•  »r  mil'  lli'iivdily  Kitilur  ".inipll.-^  ttll  iIiIii^h.  'Ilm  i«ii  u| 
ii;i;r:iiiiilt'  wim  iifv«'i'  ♦•Mi|if\." 

L'-r  IN  «'!•»'''' "'  imntlii  I' -I"!'- ff  jln-  j-l«  fiin' In  whiili  tln» 
litiuli'  Miitlit'i'  Mary  of  tin-  liniiinatluii  ui.-*  iltpiliii  r  lliiiirf. 

Ill  II    lllHlilt  si'li-M,    tllf   l|ls|!IIH«'  N\llS    lllllnlli'    riolll  tin-    fiiliHl. 

liDliif  <•''  ih-  iintlaii  ulil  l<»  tllf  ntiiVfiit.  r'ln'  nmi-*  iin  rntjir. 
»f»!lli'  tlll'l  v\iM  \\>  III''  littli'Ullllll.lU  wlllrli  t'i>tllll*'<l  lllf  WiMnls 
lltnl  mIio  ktlt'W  IH  lit  I  If  tli  tllfV  ••;■    i.iMMllflM'i'  iiikI  V\lu»lf'-ntllf 

ifMtiMJiif  Til'-  only  iiiitlioiiry  ^lif  wiis  linltnl  t<.  if-|.trt 
uas  thai  «»|'  Ii.t  lunilifr,  or,  |.filia|is,  of  litT  ii;:ttl  k"''"1'I- 
paifiitH.  Iliit  if  >lif  flio^f  to  lif  vvllirul,  uli  liu  ucTuuut  W'M 
«lif  i>uiil'<l»f<l  •»)■  foirijti'llf.l  to  (iltfy. 

Tllf  yniinu:  lii'liau  lifaiity's  clntliltiu:  wns  fftitity,  ntul  of 
tin-  loiiulifNi  inalfiial.  In  wliilfr  only  Wfif  lifi-  I'l  1 1  covcitd 
witli  coai'sf  iiioccasliis.  Slif  kin  w  of  no  (■(i^.niflifM  t-ww  Mift 
timl  bfar'M  ^MU'iisf;  uinl  Iht  iiintlfij  hair  Iiail  \u\vv  Itftii  vim- 
iti- 1  liy  fltlifi"  coiijlMti'  Mfhsors.  Ilcr  l"'il  hml  nlwiiys  Imtm 
tllf  j.'iitnr,<l.  Jifiii'  tllf  wlu'waiii  (Iiv;  ami  thi-<  was  .shaifil 
fCjinilly  l»y  (l'i:r«i.  Ilcas,  [lapooscs,  warriors,  iiml,  in  short,  I'y 
ulinlf  iatiiilifs.  Ir  Is  not  Vfi-y  Miiriaisiii;^'  to  Ifaiii  that  Noiiif 
nf  ilif><f  "wiM  l>ir  is,"  caiLiiil  r^r  tlif  lirsf  linif,  n«'cjislt»iially 
tifw  till*  to  tllf  foifst:  hilt  whfii  the  ali'fclioii  ami  j^nal  \\\i- 
tlfiicf  of  Mother  Mary  ol  ilif  liifarnalioii  had  laimtl  tlniii, 
tlify  iir<tV(Hl  must  opi-n  to  liistriiciion,  and  tjnitf  fXciiiiilary 
ill  iiioty. 

'I'hf  lltflf  Ali^^omiiiins  of  Sillcry  wcro  the  first  i>ii]iils  tli<< 
I'l'snliiifs  iindfrt<iok  to  roriii:  and  as  iifithf r iindfislood  ihf 
lanuiia;^!'  ol!  ihf  otln-r,  the  dillicidty  iniist  liavf  hff  n  fxtivnif. 
Hut  "11  ;ri'f:it  (h'sii'f  to  .sjifak,"  wrote  Motlifr  Mary,  "is  a 
pvat  lifli>  to-.vards  (h)iii-,'  so."  \Vf  may  rfa<lily  hflicvf  it, 
wlifii  wf  ar(*  told  that  thf  iiiiii'.  Wfiv  ablf  to  Itf^iii  to  iii- 
striict  ill  Al^onijiiin  bffoif  thf  fiid  of  two  months. 

Tlifir  holy  toil  was  Mfssfd  with  ivmarkalilf  siicci'ss. 
Moflifr  Mary  <^f  tin,'  Incanialioii  dedarfs  that  tlifSf  iifw 
Christians  were  ns  meek  as  little  lambs,  and  that  after  their 


iii;. 


I 


I 


I'  \\v\%>  niii'iHiO' 

lllf  p|ii\It|tlH'i' 

%,    Till'  |i'.f  i/f 

•'  iti  s\\\W\\  tii)> 

III*  •liltf  ll;;iiii'. 
■oiii  tln'  fnn-t. 

•  VMI-*   if*  I'lnlll'. 

n«'il  lllf  >v«Mu|«, 
iikI  vnIii»I«'>miiio 
h  il  rit  l»x|ircl 
'I'  ii;inl  kmiihI* 
lu  ui'i'utint  u;t!« 

pt'tmty,  mill  of 

•  •r  I't  1 1  rovi'ictl 

U'lit'S  MlVf  NlU't 
U'Vi'l'   l>iM  II  VIS* 

il  iihviiyM  hi'vn 

U     WlIM     slllllt'll 

1(1.  ill  ^ll(ll■t.  I'y 
tiiiii  (li;if  suiiuj 
(',  <i('cusli»n!illy 
I  iiiid  ,i:n  ill  ii;i- 
(I  tiiiiicil  tlnni, 
iiiii'  (XLiiiiilary 

iist  jtiiiiils  tli(^ 

llll<lt'l>l<MI(|    ilio 

•  lit'cii  cxticmc. 
w  -Maiy.  "is  :i 
(lily  l)('Ht'V(»  Ir, 
to  lit'j^iii  to  iii- 

lIllllS. 

kiiltU"  Hiici'i'ss. 
Iiat  these  TieW 
tluit  after  their 


wmit'.ii  »/ i/.r  "A-  iiir  t.\» .u/.v.inu.v. 


4H7 


».ni.tUm  th«'V  itn-fneil  ;iii  ntlinltuMe  |  tnity  of  n.nM'l.iue. 
Amoiiu  her  ili-l  lii'lliiti  I'Hllls  ili"  ^•ll.M^I.|e  la.ly  iii.iiilHriH 
Miliy  «iiHMlllell«,  s\U»  \siim  \mt  f>\s  vitu-.  ur  line.  iiii«l  \m;h 
lio  M,nh.r  iiwiiUe  III  il;e  h,..iiilitu  thi.ii  j.r  llllN'  ll|^l«Mii» 
i..  f.|.etik  ill  llf  htiiMiniu'f  "f  jiiiyei'.  t*he  hM  lur  !.;:»!'. 
.liiiiti;;  Mnv<,  itml  Mil'y:  Ii.mmiin  lit  h.  i  i  wii  l:iii>;iii.p'. 

Muiy  .NeuiilaiM.tr  wus  a  uU'l  elilM  .1'  ihe  wm.iU,  iiit.l  lU 

Ihxl  ilM  nd  ivli^h  m  Imnl  life  lll  llie  en||V<  Itf.  Olire  ^\'.V  ItttI 
i.lV  to  the  r<»|eM,  lelillliy;  heriitl  l»tlii<"  t"  Iiim!^.  i'.llt  ^lle 
WHS  l.lnlU'ht  ItneU.  Illi'l  iNruine  il  P'hiI  ^4»I.  ^lte  \MlM  ..lie  ..r 
II  slllilll  I'illKl  l>ivp:illll,'  fur  llt^l  ('..tlinilinlull.      The  ||l^l^ll^l 

,,is  \s.  le    |'"atlirr   l'i;:aii,  S.  .).,  aii-l    Mntli.  i    Miiiy   of    llie 
iiauiiKiih'ii.     Mtii;.  eH|,reIiilly.  was  in  .uiuil  jiilalath  n. 
••Why  tun  you  M»  je,\riil{"  liitpili"!  '•'  ""  '•  'ly. 
'•Oh:"  i-ilnl  tU:.  ihar  little  tlii^Ky  .hm^liiei  of  ilie  wil 
aellie>s,   ••  I  'hall  m  on  |e<  elve  ,leM!S  lllhi  Kiy  la  all." 

Mciher  .\lai\'s  I'.m  Union  jiiill  vt>«  hImo  of  the  hi- 
nionswarehlei'rhil.ieiihwa.  Cm  a  vl>It  lo  (iia-Iur  he  hial 
^r.n  111-  -liolv  ^\\^i\^.^r  i<>«'l  in^'.ul,  s\h'>  ha.l.ena-  to 
traeh  i!ie  lilile  Italian  yiils  the  way  tu  Ihavea.  lie  was 
<h'lij:lii<'«l,  !ii"l  ;^i'»l  ^^'^  tleii.Inriai:.  iiof  his  tril  e,  wla  n 
h,.  iveuimlMl  what  v.oi.l.  i>  he  1 ;  'I    •  •  n. 

Chihatelihua  l.lolljil  his  lilile  Teresa  to  the  e.»nvent, 
when)  weaiv  loM  tlnl  >lie  heeaiiie  a  pi-Mli-v  ol  laeiy  aial 
hnowh'.l-e.  Wla-n  nexi  the  ll.iiei,  llmilla  eoveivd  ilie 
liver,  the   r..n.l    nnele,  IVoin  alar,  poinle:!   out   to  tlie    elilef 

anil  warriors,  who  a. tni.aiiie.l  liiai  ili"  ••  lloii>e  ..I  .lesns, 

a.stheln.liaiist.'rna.l  the  naiveat.  lie  hastene.l  to  meet 
his  nieee.  Teresa  •..MS  ..nly  iliirteeu,  Uul  \sv  are  assnrea  she 
liatl  the  zeal  of  an  aiM»lle.  ; 

IJatth'-searre.l  warriors  piv  williii-  ear  to  her  ^irllsli  ex- 
hortations; aiH.  oareiiiriiin^-  lo  the  llnion  eoiintry,  they 
,,,l.lisl.e.l  her  lame  [u  the  Nvhoh'  trlh...  -T.-iesa  has  more 
srase/'  they  exclaiiae.l,  -  lliaii  any  one  who  has  evr  ap 
l,eare.l  in  our  eonntry.  I).)nl.th"ss,  the  one  who  has  taught 
her  Is  also  the  ^'i-eatest  p-nins  amon.u'  the  French. " 

She  was  deeply  attaehed  to  her  coiiveni  home,  where  she 
remained  lor  uvJr  two  years.     When  the  day  ot  sei.arutiou 


I 


iWO^ 


MOTIlEn  MMIY  OF  THE  IXCAnXATIOX. 


ranic,  it  was  most  i)ainful.  Tho  .I.-suit  Fatlicrs  of  tlif  Huron 
country  were  anxious  to  have  tlic  inllucntv  of  tlie  pious 
youn;;-  scniiuarist  anion^^  hw  tribe;'  and  In-r  part-nts  ei.ulcl 
no  lon^^er  endure  her  absence.  Teresa,  lilu'  a  biave  girl, 
uia(h(  tli(^  sacrilice,  and  bade  adieu  to  lier  dear  feaclu-rs, 
Fr<.ni  Tiiree  Rivers,  she  wrote  to  Mother  Mary  of  the  111 
carnation: 

'•Mv  j)i:au  Motiiku: 

"  I  am  going  to  my  distant  liome.  Weare ready  to 
Htart.  T  tliaidv  \")U  for  all  the  care  you  have  bestowed  unou 
me.  1  thank  you  for  having  taught  me  to  serve  (iod.  Js 
it  for  a  thing' of  small  value  that  1  oU'er  you  my  thanks^ 
X(>versliidl  1  forget  ycm.  Ti;im:sa."^ 

There  is,  we  fear,  many  a  "young  lady"  of  Ihis  "en- 
lightened  agt;"  whose  numberless  "accomplishments"' 
would  scarcely  enal)le  her  to  write  with  the  good  sense  and 
pointed  brevity  of  this  Indian  giil  of  tho  seventeenth  cen- 
turv;  and  whocould  nor  truthfiilh'  sav  to  her  teachers,  "I 
thank  you  foi'  having  taught  me  to  serv(>  (i(jd."  Inmany 
institutions  of  to-day  such  a  study  is  not  even  elective.  (Jod 
is  absolutely  disunssed  from  the  curriculum,  and  Religion 
is  jiolitely  told  to  "get  out,"'  or  lo  "staid  at  the  door."' 
And  what  is  more  amazing  is,  that  this  is  considered  "  fash- 
ionable," and  many  pi'rsoas  wlio  li;ivo  never  been  ccmfined 
in  a  lunatic  asylum  are  impressed  with  its  "respectability.'' 


:  One  of  the  FntluTu  wrote:  'The  Imliiiii  wlio  1m  n  pond  Clirii'tiaii.  mid  rrnlly  zealous,  does 
ninro  Good  iimon;.'  liin  coimlrymen  ihiin  'liree  .Tesiiit  iiils-ioiiiir!i<." 

»  Teresii  spoke  two  laiigiinse^s  with  facility,  and  sniiL'  in  Uiiroii.  Freiieh  and  Latin.—  r.Viw/""^ 
qft/ie  Monrflcnj. 


.V. 


of  tlio  Huron 
of  tlu'  i)it)us 

)llH'Ht8   ('«.)Uld 

!i  l)iav('  i^iil, 
ciir  tcaclu'i's, 
ly  of  the  111 


euro  ready  to 
'slowi'd  uiKjii 
rvc  (ioil.  Is 
I  my  tiiaiiUsf 
Tkkksa."^ 

(if  lliis  '"c'li 
nitlislinicnts"' 
u(l  stusc  and 
ciitccMtli  tvn- 
tcachi^rs.  ''1 
1."  liniiany 
clfctivc.  (Jod 
and  Rrli^ion 
t  111.'  door.'' 
id<Mvd  '-fasli- 
x'cn  con  lined 
■ipectability.'' 

1(1  ri'iilly  zfftlonx,  docs 
anil  Liitln.—  f.ViHfywt'd 


CIIAPTEW    III. 

A  iioi.v  iii;i:oim;  T'.>  tiii:  last  (.asp. 

A  „r}r  rniini.'f  ,nr/,</  Piiinis  Li  I  h  ,  s  r/  MolJnr  Mmif 
■  Wliiil  II  jxiii  of  luiil.s  tliil  Tin  till  I'll  iiilMnllnr 
Ml,  II  s,i,ri,iii,ili'l  i>!l  Ihmiix  III  I-  rsiai>,  .\  iinl In  r  '  mi- 
niit  ,'ii'<"l  "/'  '/'//'  iiliirdlhtinil  l>iiiiniiiiiiin  i>/  lln 
I  inn  Mi'llnr  Mill!/  iiinl  Inr  imririx  Tin  ill  ii.slr(oi(.s 
irotiiitii'-s  arcoi/ij'li-'<liiin  Ills—  I/i'i'  tl'oH'- 

Til.'  conversion  of  tlw  Canadian  Indians,  wlii.li  Motii.'r 
Alarvof  tli.'  Tncair.at;.;:  l;;id  s<'«'n  i.r.'ti-ni.Ml  as  a  Cluurli 
•ustrin.T'dn-' from  .•L.u.ls  an.l  darkn.'ss.  was  now  lapnlly  pro- 

o-n'ssinix.'    \Vli..l.'  IrilM's  ..nilua.vd  tlu'  Kaitli,  an.l  the  I'.-r- 
xi>y  .if  til.'  primitiv.-  aiivs  was  ivviv.'.l. 

ln..r.l.-r  t..  in.'..t  tlir  .iiowin.u' wa.nts  of  tli.- col.uiy.  a  n.-w 
conv.'nt  was  ."iver.'d.  In  UlVi  it  was  conipl.-i.'d.  and  Moth.-r 
Marvan.llierdanuiit.'rsbnd.'adi.'ii  to  the  litth- t.-n.-m.-nt 
„„  til.'  wharf,  and  took  r.p  th.'ir  <inart..rs  in  a  nior.'  suitaMo 
...lili.v  It  was  siat.'Iv  for  the  times  l.uil.  of  .hirk-colored, 
lonohlv-sl.ap.d  l.lo.-.  of  ston.".  It  was  th.v.'  st<.ri..s  in 
iH'id.t:  tw.'iitv-.'i-n.t  f.'.'f  wid.'.  andiun.'ty  tw..  l.-.-t  long-, 
To  the  Indians,  this  ii.-w  -  IL.use  of  .I.'sns  was  a  womh-r, 
and  manv  a  Ion-  jonnwy  was  made  to  se."  it. 

Thor.'LvMlar  Indian  pnpils.  l„.ar.l..rs,  who  w.-r.'  f.'.I  and 
,.l„th,.dut  the  ..xp..ns,' .>f  the  convnt.  s.-mi  anionn  ...l  t., 
ei'ditv  r.nt  iM'sid.'s  th.'se.  th.'nuns  weiv  daily  call.-d  upon 
t.rui;.'  insrrncti.>n  t..  s.piaws  in  their  class  r<.on..s.  and  t.. 
^varrhMs  in  their  parlor.  This  was  a  larixe  lamily  to 
attend  to,  bat  Hie  skill,  piety,  -enius,  and  w<.ndprfnl  bnsi- 
ness  capacity  of  Motlwr  Mary  of  the  Im-arnation  made 
her  equal  to  ev.M-y  demati.l. 

The  letters  of  the  illustrious  woman  during  tins  period 

489 


__^^-' 


400 


MoriiKii  MAiiY  or  Tin-:  L\c.\n.y.\riox. 


arn  mosf  cliMrnctciistic.  Ir  is  not  cnnccniiK,';-  Imt  pupils 
her  labdis.  iiiul  li.T  \v:mts  tiuit  slu-  cliicily  .'titritiiiiis  li.-r 
li'icnds.  Ill  \\rv  IxmiKllt'.ss  cliarity,  sli."  i.lciitilirs  iu'isrll" 
wall  all  ulio  lalxn'  for  the  coiivt'isioii  ol"  tin"  Imliaiis.  lid" 
(^aule  .ulancc  swim'iks  over  tlic  vast  licMs  of  missionary  zr:il 
IVniii  tht'  (Jiiir  of  >t.  Lawivncn  to  tin?  (Jivat  L;ik<'s.  She 
iiiuiilM-is  tli.'cli:ip"h  that  ai(^  l.iiilt.  ih.'  baptisms,  lli.-  Imly 
(l».'allis.  \\'<'ll  sill'  K'iuwsall  the  ro\in,Li'  fiaiis  that  conic  to 
be  insli'Mftril.  And.  after  lillin-  l<n  or  more  pap's  with 
such  topics,  slie  adds:  '-A  word  now  of  onr  seminaii.<t>. 
Tlii'v  uive  lis  every  possible  satisfaction.  Tlieii'  pi''ty, 
their  th'votioii  to  the  Pdessed  Sacrament,  their  docility,  their 
p'lierosity  in  ovciromini;-  their  (hd'ects  all  this  is  ravishing. 
But  it  strikes  us  less,  now  that  we  are  accustomed  to  it." 

At  other  times  she  merely  says:  "(iod  has  blessed  our 
hibors  this  year,  as  in  i»receding  ones.  We  have  as  much 
as  we  can  di).  esiu'cially  diiiint;'  the  winter  months,  when  the 
braves  leave  us  their  chililreii  while  they  go  to  hunt." 

Adversity,  h(!wever  was  about  to  frowii  on  this  fair  sceiuv 
The  year  lijji)  so  fcrtii'  in  ti'ials  and  disasters,  was  drawing 
tc  a  clos(>  The  dim  shtidow.s  of  u  clear,  c(.ld  |)ccfni1)cr 
evening  cast  themselves  over  the  snow-white  landscape; 
and  the  beautiful  constellations  which  lighted  the  v.intry 
{irmameiit  with  s])lendor  w(>re  marking  the  progress  of  the 
night  The  happy  inmates  of  the  convent  had  gone  to 
rest;  but  there  was  .^on'ttltiiKj  that  did  not  sle(>i). 

It  was  a  pan  of  coals,  which  one  of  the  sistei-s,  charged 
with  baking.  ha<l  placetl  beneath  lier  bread- trough,  well 
dosed  around  with  the  nai)kin  that  covered  the  doiigh.  It 
was  not  her  custom  to  take  this  jtrecaiition  to  hasten  llu; 
action  of  the  yeast;  but  this  was  bread  for  New  Year's  Day. 
Ir  was  her  wish  to  have  it  light.  The  coals  thus  placed  on 
duty  were  unperceived,  and,  alas!  forgotten. 

The  lire  was  making  sad  liavoc,  when  one  of  the  nuns  sud- 
denly leaped  from  her  humble  couch.  All  were  asleej). 
The  llaines  were  just  bursting  through  the  di;;)r  of  the  sleej)- 
ing-room,  as  she  criedout :  "ri)  for  your  lives,  children,  and 

'  Uvr  pupils. 


a. 


lOX. 


mniir.n  mm:)'  of  rin:  is(\\ny.\rr()\. 


•ini 


in-  lii'i'  pupilis 
(Mih'itiiiiis  licr 
Mitilit's  lici'si'lt' 
Indiniis.  lid' 
iiissioiuiry  /.r:il 
t  Lakrs.  She 
isiiis.  till'  lioly 
IS  that  ('(tiiH'  to 
tic    Jtllp'S  \\\\\i 

ir  sciiiiiiiui.-t-^.' 
'I'licir  pii'ty, 
['  (It)cility,  tlicli" 
is  is  lavisliif.L';. 
oiiicd  to  it."" 
MS  blessed  (iiir 
have  as  imicli 
)iiths,  when  the 

0  limit." 

this  fair  scene. 
•s.  was  drawin;;' 
I'oJd  l)eceliil)(l' 
lite  hiiidscaiie; 
ted  the  wiiiti'y 
pro.lil'ess  (»r  the 
\  had  gone  to 
lee]). 

sistei's,  cliaru'ed 
id-trough,   Avell 

the  (huigh.     It 

1  to  hasleii  the 
e\v  Year's  Day. 
thus  pkuT'd  on 

)f  the  nuns  sud- 
11  were  asleej). 
jor  of  the  sleej)- 
'S.  children,  and 


llvl"     She  I'ushed   tu  the  nuiis'  doiMiitMry.   ami  gave  tin 
aiarm:     "Wake:     Wake!  t  Ik;  house  is  on  lire.     (^uick.  and 
save  the  childreiil  " 

In  a  uioiiient,  one  and  all  were  awaieof  the  |,eiil.  'll;e 
lire  was  upon  tli"in  on  every  side.  A  nun  ru^li.'d  to  liie 
hi'Il,  t  I  v.ive  v>-aniing  of  llieir  dangvr.  The  donr  was 
opened,  an  I  the  startled  inniates  of  the  doomed  convent  he- 
i;-an  lo  I'ass  oJit.  lint  the  smoke  blinded,  and  the  Ihmn  s 
tlew  like  liglitning  i'-idi  sisti-r  hecame  u  heioiue.  and  .sei/.- 
iiiLi:  the  little  in:ioc:-:ils  ia  tlu-ir  arms  ihey  hiiiiiei!  theiii 
out.  Suddenly  the  door  ga\(' way  but  those  iuave  ladies, 
regardless  of  the  danger  of  sulloiation,  <la>lied  ihroiigli 
l)assage-\vays,  and  hastenetl  with  their  iiieciou:i  char<j,v.>i  to 
U  ))lace  of  stifety. 

Mother -Ma !'y  of  the  Incarnation,  <'hlef  of  those  jieroines 
over  calm  ami  self- possessed,  did  what  .-he  could  to  save 
the  lives  of  her  dear  pill  lis  and  coiuitaniou^:  and  then,  with 
Ihoiiuhtful  care,  she  grasped  the  ]iapers  of  the  ( "oininiinity, 
and  artemptel  to  cany  away  some  clothing  fur  the  nuns, 
Avho  had  all.  in  their  night-dresses,  rusiied  from  the  house 
with  till'  chiMivn.  She  was  alone  in  the  midst  of  the  biirii- 
im:'  mass,  '{"he  llaines  were  consuming  Iheromus  beneath; 
the  crackle  of  the  victorious  lire  could  be  heard  overhead, 
and  was  rapidly  approaching  her  iii'isoii.  v.lien,  after  bow- 
uvs  to  her  crucilix-.  to  signify  her  [.erfect  submission  tc)  the 
will  of  (tol,  s!ie  ll'W  along  the  passage  of  the  dormitory 
to  a  staircasp-  now  the  only  exit  possible.  Happily,  it  was 
i're<>.  and  in  a  moment  she  was  at  the  door,  where  she  met 
the  Father  Superior  of  the  Jesuits  and  all  liis  household, 
who  had  hurried  to  the  rescue. 

^ot  one  perished  on  that  eventful  night;  some,  it  is  true, 
were  nearly  naked,  but  all  weie  saved  from  the  savage 
ilanies.  As  they  gazed  at  their  late  home,  they  saw  tho 
ilames  rising  higher  ami  higher,  wreathing  their  way 
throudi  th(>  wooden  roof.  At  length,  the  heavy  timbers 
bent,  and  fell  with  a  crash.  It  was  the  brightness  o!  day 
at  this  sad  midnight  scene:  and  the  cold,  silent  starij 
looked  down  unmoved. 


492 


wmii:i!  V.I/.'}-  OF  Tin-:  rycMtSATioy. 


"My  lit'Mir.  '  wn.lc  Mi.thcr  >riiry  nf  tli.'  Iiicarnatiun, 
«  pK'sI'i'VCil  its  uMin!  ix'iK'o.  I  f.'lt  iicltht'i-  ^t'k'I*  n<»r  iinx- 
i.'ty,  luir  iiiiit.d  my  will  («>  His  wlios.'  lumd  liiis  passed 
ov«"'r  us,  l.'.iviiiL!,'  IIS  ill  liic  state  ill  wliii'h  \\r  lliiiiscif  was  at 
this  si':is(»!i.  ill  tlif  r:iv<' of  li.'f lilellt'iii." 

Tiir  lisiiliin-s  and  tiifir  iHipils  wnv  lit  siil.j-'cts  for  N<'W 
Years  hospitality.  'I'lie  Hospital  Sisters  di<l  every  thiiii;  to 
alleviate  the  disin'ss  ol"  the  siilTeivis.  DiiriiiJ,-  lliree  weeks, 
with  indefati-'ahle  /e;il,  these  '•  IVieiids  ill  ikmmI"  I'liniishecl 
materials,  and  aided  in  i»iitliii,u'  lo.Livther  coiiiiilete  suits  of 
aitparel  I'ov  each  of  tlii>  I'rsiiliiies.  The  two  Coiniiimiilies 
iiKide  l)Mt  one;  ihi'y  snt  at  the  same  tahle,  and  slept  under 
the  same  rool'  .Mi.iher  Mary  and  her  ivli-i(.ns  companions 
ne.xt  UK.ved  to  tiie  house  of  .Madame  d-  la  Peltiie,  jind  there 
remaineil  <lurinji;  the  bnildin.i;-  of  another  new  coircnt. 

Fiftc'ii  months  passed  nway,  and  l»y  theblessin.u-of  Provi- 
dence, and  the  eneruc'ic  mind  ol  .Moilier  Mary  of  the  In- 
carnation, the  i:rs;ilin"s  and  the;,  pipils  had  once  more  a 
suitable  and  sa^srant'al  residence.  It  is  the  central  biiildin.u; 
ol  that  pile  whic'.i  t  >  diy  constitutes  the  I'rsnliiie  Convent 
at  Queliec.  'i'lie  ir.r.i-<  ell 'cled  their  reniov;ii  on  the  vi.uil  (d" 
Pentecost,  1'!.-)^;  and  we  are  assured  tliat  fi'w  ba.u^ii'age- 
■wau'ons  wei'e  re;jair;':l  on  the  o.'casion. 

Theediicatioa  il  p:'.>xiMarii;>  of  tliis  pion;>i>r  fenialeac:;demy 
of  Canada  was  m);i  s*asil»le,  jiracti;' il,  and  Chiistian.  It 
was  in   the  sevento.MUh  century,  we  must  remember,  and 


there  won?   fewer   subjects    tau.ulit   than  at   ])resent. 


i> 


lit 


what  was  done,  was  done  tlKn'oujCihly.  The  ]>upils  wero 
taui^ht  readintr,  grammar,  the  Christian  Keli.uion,  Sacred 
History,  practical  arithmetic,  penmanship,  and  needlework. 
AVe  liear  no  mention  of  a  jiiano,  and  the  formidable 'f/Av//'-' 
were  omitted;  but  it  remained  for  our  day  to  try  the  ridicu- 
lous experiment  of  studying  every  tiling— a  siu-e  road  to  tlie 
mastery  of  nothing. 

During  the  winter  of  1002,  ISfotlier  ^fary  of  the  Incarna- 
tion was  surroumL'd  by  a  class  of  novices.  These  young 
religious  were  eager  to  render  themselves  useful,  and  to 
avaFl  themselves  of  her  knowledge  of  the  Indian  languages. 


I 


>.v. 

■  liKTirnation, 
iv'u'i'  nor  iiiix- 

(I     llilH     ]>ilSS('(l 

liiiiscif  was  at 

ijt'fts  for  New 
cvrrylliiiii^  to 
;  t!ir»M'  wt'cks, 
•d"  riniiislicd 
i|)|('t»'  suits  of 

('oiiiiiiunilii'S 
(I  slept  under 
IS  cdnijiaiiions 
trie,  and  there 
cou'cnt. 
■isiii.u"  of  I'rovi- 
iiy  ol"  I  lie  In- 
I  once  ni(ti'('  a 
'iitral  biiildin;^ 
iiline  Convent, 
on  the  viuil  of 

few   l)a,!j,'Li,'a,Lj;e- 

>ninlen('!;deniy 
("htistian.  It 
•enieinber,  and 
])resent.  I'nt 
e  ]>ui)lls  were 
liu'ion,  Saered 
id  needlework. 
iidable\>Av//''-? 
try  the  ridicu- 
tu-e  road  to  tlie 

f  the  Incarna- 

Theso  yonni:? 

useful,  and  to 

Lian  languages. 


MoTiiini  .]f.\i:y  or  riii:  /.\(:\i:\ati<).\. 


403 


For  Iheii  beiidit,  and  for  the  us.-  of  ihi-  oihei  nnus  llu- 
veiirial»le  ladv  i>re|»;ired  at  this  ti:n  •  a  eate'hi>Mi  in  lluitin. 

Ilir ntirhisMis  in  Al.nonciuin,  and  a  lai.;e  dictionary    in 

F;vnch  anil  Al-oiniiiin.  Al'ier  eonipl 'tin;,'  tills  literary  labor 
ol  love  for  tlie  iiKlian  race,  she  wrot.'  in  H".  U:  ••  \Vean'>iilI 
more  occupied  in  the  classes  for  the  I'leadK  hildr.ii:  and 
it  IS  ci>rfain  that  it  (b.l  had  no!  s.Mit  th-  Trsulinrs  io 
(Vnada,  they  would  !•.•  left  Io  ihi'  in:Ht  d  •plo:'al>le  iuaoiisnce. 
All  the  yonnn'.u^ris  in  the  coiiuli'y  piss  ihinirj,h  oar  liainls; 
iind  this  causes  piety  and  reliuioii  Io  lloiirish  everywhere. 
The  French  iM>i)iiIalion  bcin,!:'  rapidly  on  the  incivasr.  our 
oini)loyinents  mast  k"ep  ixi-e  with  that  In-ie.isi.." 

To  tlie  last  day  of  her  beanlii'ul  life,  this  heroic  woman 
was  the  great  te.ich'r,  inodd,  and  iiDiheiof  !i  'i(':»aiiuiini!y. 
She  wrote  sevi-ral  text-books  in  Fn'ncli.  !lii:oii.  and  AI.l;m)i- 
(piin.  She  excelled  in  till  kinds  <if  net  ( dlev.oik  and  em- 
broi(h'ry,  as  well  as  ia  paiiiliu-  a;i  I  glldiii--.  She  sanctilied 
these  a(ronii)lis]inie:i!s  by  couii  ibuiiu-  th-  "n'.it  uf  lie;-own 
liands  to  the  deco-itioii  ol"  chapeN.  cliurclies  and  altars  ail 
over  thee..:. lav.  S:ii"  ev.-a  p..^<.-se;l  re'.aarkabh-  ^kill  in 
siailptnre  an.l  a;vhitec!n:-.<.  aal  i.aii.-nily  ia-tru.'U'd  tlie 
workmen  wId  v.vn-  .-nploy."!  iu  a.':'..:Mi;n-  !!i.«  iui.'rior  of 
the  church,  iruhlia-- Iheui  in  relatioi-  D  th.-  pi-op.)rli.)Us  oL" 
tlie  columns  an.l  e:ita!.laturi>.  N..t  th  '  miaiit.'st  d.'tail  of 
theart  escaped  her  eye,  so  trained  iindarlisiic. 

Karlyin.Ianuarv.  lii:2.  a  sM'ioa-;  illn.'ss  thr.'H.Mied  fh<> 
precious  lif.'  of  ^b)th(n'  Miry  of  tlie  la- iruati..!i.  Her 
pupils  and  her  spiritual  daii,uht.Ms  were  overwhelmed  with 
grief,  andb-soa-hr  II  viven  tospare  tli.'ir  beh.ved  fri.-n.l  and 
mother.  Even  th(>  ve:ierabl(>  patient  herself  was  ui.aMe  to 
refuse  them  the  consolation  of  joining  in  their  petitions  so 
farustosav:  ''Mydod,  ifl  may  yet  be  of  service  to  this 
little  community,  I  refuse   neither  lab(n' nor  fatigue.     Thy 

will  be  d(me." 

"Xo.  my  good   Mother,"  urged   the  kind   bather  Ijaiie- 
ment,  S.  .t!,  "you  must  join  our  petitions,  and  ask  to  re 
cover."     The  very  soul    of    obedience,  she   did    as  com- 
manded, and  a  few  weeks  more  were  obtained. 


I 


401 


MOrilMli  MMiT  OF  THE  IXCMtXATmy. 


At  Ifiictlu  on  fli<'  'J'.Mli  of  April,  it  1  rciitur  iitTcssr.rj'  l<> 
a<lniiiiis:"  '  ••  !!i>;  iMcrMiiitMits ;  imd  fn-m  tlir.t  inoTin'iit 
tliciv  \Mv'  'M'nvs  SI)  (iiviiw  sil-oiil   >f(»'lirr  Mary  of  tii.' 

JnniiT.atio-'  ...at  siip  s.-uhmI  no  luiipT  ol"  lliis  niitli.  Im-ikI 
hciirlH  HiuT..iin(l.'(l  til.'  •lyin-  saint.  wIk.s.'  Iiiinil.).'  pill-.w 
.sccnu'd  t(»  !>•■  tli«'  vt'i y  \vnv\\  of  I'aiiulisc. 

On.'  ul"  U'-y  «»1<1  coiuiKinions  ivTmii(l<Ml  lur  of  Ikt  ,LMftc<l 
s,.n\  and  nsk.d  :i  nw-s^au^'  f")*  liim.  Mnt.-nial  love  .s.v.ni.d, 
fur  an  instant,  fo  wvuW  tlic  vi-ncraM.-  la.ly  to  tliis  wcrl.l, 
ami  Nil."  answciv;!  with  .•Miolion.  "'rcll  i;ini  tliat  Il.carliim 
away  Avitli  nw  in  my  In-iirt.  In  llcavrn  1  will  ask  L-r  Ins 
perfect  sanctilicafion." 

Her  Kivncl.  an.l  Indiiui  pni.ils  knelt  around  lior  to  refeiv.- 
],er  hst  l.le-sin','.  and  to  l..ok  on  tlial  lioly  and  majestic 
,.ount.«nan.v.  vvliicU  se<>m.'d  to  l.e  illnmine.l  l.y  a  rny  of  im- 
ju.rtalitv  Sho  died  on  Wv  :'.);h  of  April  V'u'2,  a^^'.l 
,,.venty-l\vo  yi-ars.  thirty-tlnve  of  \vl.i(di  she  liad  si-Hil  m 
Canada.'' 


,.|,r.l..  ^rn;in.  v,l„.l>:ul  h.,.-,,,,.:.  W.anvd  UriK.li.tiiu.  iMtU.T.  n. ■^vr..t...i,  llfmr  lilHIIn.- 
on  of  MotluT  Mnrv  „f  ilu'  Iiiranmllon  N  now  In  active  prn':n-- 


lrl<iii«  motlii  r. 

'JTIu'ruu-f  "f  tliL'  bculilicution 
111  Kcitiic 


)X. 


>  iicrcssr.rj'  lo 

tlli'.f     lllOllH'llt 

•  Mary  of  tli<» 
nirtli.     Fninl 

iiiiiil'lt'   iiillow 

•  (»f  her  iriTfcil 
I  1(»V('  .sci'IikmI, 
in  Iliis  wdi'ld, 
uit  1  l)f'iir  liiin 
ill  iisk  I'nr  1 1  is 

I  licv  to  iTfcivc 
,'  iiiid  ninji'stid 
y  a  rny  of  iiii- 
■il,  K'.T-J.  i\<rif'\ 
»  IkkI  si^'iil  ill 

I  \\riil"ii  liffor  1iIh(!1ih- 
1  now  In  active  iirn'Tn-M 


MISS   JAM"    MAXTK, 

i-oi-N-Dnicssi  uv  Tin:  ip'M'itai.  m  n**  or  ht  .nisi;iii  in  <  anad.v' 
ClIArTKIJ    I. 

KAKI.Y   VI.Ai:-;  i'l'  ol   I!  MKlIorNi:. 

n/i//i  (111(1  fi'iiiihi     II' r  s!,i<rihir  rhlhlhoi.il     Ihr  chinii- 

ilKl  1>((1(I       ■\  '(i.ti(uh-«lilr    rnrillhhl    -  U>  C  ro///V,S'.sv>/",S'   oft- 
jmxUUm-Thc    Pnrhrs.  (Ir  llnllUn,  ■   Ih'  l<t    !)<( ,l ('(rsh'rc 

^-Fi null II  (I.  h  i-iililO  S  l'>  (JO  In    M"illr<  III. 

Miss  .I:in<'  M'.im-p,  uiicsn  nnnic  is  jiisily  f:im(.us  in  flM' 
uii'ly  history  ol'  Cmui'la,  was  horn  in  l<'.i)(5  at  No-vnt-l.'Koi, 
^vlli('•ll  is  soin.>  distanco  i'roni  I/ui-rcs.  in  Francv.  Slio  lu'- 
lonuvd  to  a  Mio>t  lionorablf  i'amily. 

fn  more  tl.an  ..nc  plaiv  the  lives  of  Ih.'  Saints  display  the 
faci  ilial  tli.'ivanM':M'laincliildivnon  wlK.in  (iod  has  iiarlic- 
iih.i-d.'si-ns,  and  whoso  spintnal  natiuv  l.<"coni."s  sinuulaHv 
dcvclopiMl  even  in  their  most  tender  years.  Sneh  a  eh. Id 
Avas  .Ian<>  Manee.  At  six  or  seven  y.-ars  of  ap-  she  lornied 
the  astonishin-  r.vsolnrion  of  rons.>eratin,u  herself  to  (,od  l.y 
a  vow  of  perpetual  chastity.  'Often."  writes  one  ol  her 
reli.dons  eonipanions,  -she  herself  related  to  me  tuis 
ineich'iif  of  her  childhood."  , 

Knt  the  l.enutifnl  piety  which  she  y^rofessed  was  entirely 
fr.>e  from  those  faults  but  too  common  to  devout  persons,  it 


.  c.,i,.f  ^n,hori.i ^,^"  Ah„o  Kaiiion.  •  vio  do  Miu-  >^.nc..  '■'>>!;•';'-  J'  i;^''';'!,^;;;;;;,;!;; 

;:;r;=t^;,;r;^::.^vrr^^^^^^^  -• 

Description  of  N.  v  Kr.>:.-;  ■  l.:,n..lu..n.-r.m,  ••  J...  Servant.,  .le  Dum,  en  t  ana.b^^^ 


4'ja 


MISS  JAXN   .)tA.\<  i:. 


|1 


WHS  I'lMfli.'.l  In  nit  sfilT  miiiiii.'i'ls:ii.  It  iu'v.-r  nIiio.I  in  the 
wiiy  1.1*  uihrrdiiti's.     It  wii.H  in-vrr  .lisnun  nMi".     'Yhr  «!<■;,; 

iT.'lilii.I-'  of   iliM  yuuii-r  -•ifl'ss.Mil.  il l.'vaiioM  -iikI  in* 

l.ilii.v  ..•  liTsi'iifim-iitx.  :iiil.  :il>  •;•.'. ill,  tli'  Divln- wNd-.m 
by  wliicli  nIi''  was  ^'u'nlc.l,  iii:i«l.'  Iht  I-mim  tn  <!..  nil  I'M-  ('uu[ 
w'ith'.iit  ill  ii!iy  w.iy  niri-mliuic  llif  rhiiiiis  and  (•miiiIp>1i's  .i 
thf  woiM.  'riiii*  ^li"  uT'-w  lip,  tiiiil  ill  liiii"  l"r:iiit.'  :;)* 
afrnmpllslu'l  \vn:ti;i!i,  (.f  tlil|c':it('  ruiistiliifi<»ii  mid  (Hkii'I'"''- 
j;nic('i"u!  I>i'ariii.x. 

Tli(.ii-li  iMdiiu'  Ihi'lir.-nfa  ivliuioas  ia  tli-'  wcild,  Mr-i 
Maii'c  ri-Ii  iM  v.MMtioii  I't.r  !li.' cluistrr.  On  i!i.'  tb-alli  .I" 
licr  lHr.'a;>.  ill  >:• -l"  •:•'.  sir' i"'>;ni  I  li>'isrir  culiiv  iiiistivss  ..f 
ll.T  :ir!i..in.  S!|.'  plac-  I  lin  linail  Is  I  '  Il  '1'  irv\i>v  She  i'dt 
^•radaallv  takiii-  pi.^s.-sMoii  <  I"  Ini'  h'uI  a  ^T<al  d<-vii<'  1:^ 
sriTc  ChriNt  and  His  Holy  MMtlici-  in  sonx-  l.ail.an.ns 
,.,.niitrv.  Tli.' pi'insal  <>r  tli.'  .li'.>ail  /!i f.ifl'iis  and  ill.'  n- 
purt  ..r  M  id  i:u  '  d.'  li  r.-ltKh-'s  lah.r;  i;i  Canada  faiiiird  llu- 
11;,, a."  in  iiPi'l.ivasf.  and  slii-  I'-lt  liiat  .sli-'  had  ii-.w  r.aii.d 
liri' tin.' v.MMtii.n.  It  was  rog.»ti)  tlif  wild  lunks  nL'  lla- 
historif  St.  I/iuii'in'i'. 

What  Canada  i  -  sli.'  has  uo  itlca.  or.  at  Irasi,  a  very  <•<  n- 
fns.d  and  in.listin.-i  •  n  •.  lltT  i'linids  iliink  it  is  a  n-.tion 
can-ht  IV-Mii  th.'  ii.'insal  nf  s.)ni('  tiavi-ln's  stmy.  llci'coii- 
IVsMir  is  (oiisiilt.Ml.  \\v  hasiirvcf  Ii.:;id(il'  Moiitival,  aii<l 
hu  tivats  his  pciiilfnt  as  a  \  isii.noiy:  l>nt.  as  she  persists  in 
licr  iititiiiiis,  he  writes  to  Pari^.  foi'  iiiri<riiiatitiii. 

The  answers  <-(iiiliiiii  the  piii  p.M-  of  Mi.s  Maiiee.  She 
^r,,;.s  to  Paris,  is  iiirinduced  loth.'  Dnehess  <le  l^nlliuii.  :i 
^•reat  friend  ul'  the  Mciitival  Sell. me.  The  vocation  is  tii..l 
asccrraiiied  and  Tollowed.  "MviU  p.,'"  she  sai<l;  "jiive 
iiie,  Madaiii",  a  h-tter  to  the  Direct. .ir,  of  the  Company." 
The  pions  I)n(dicss  irnve  her  a  note  to  Mr.  de  hi  Dauver- 
si.^re,  aiul  a  purse  of  -jo.oiio  livivs  for  exp.-nses. 

She   pursued  lier  way  to   New   J^.(dlelh^  wlieiico  ships 

were  t.)sail  for  Canada.     On   the  day  after  lur   ariival  in 

that  city,  as  she  entered  the  rhiinli  of  tlie  .lesiiit   Fathers, 

she  ni<'t  a  jienth-ninn  conilnj;  out.     It  was  I)auv«>rsi.^l<'. 

"Then,"  says   the   Abbe   Faillon,  "these  two  persons, 


i//ss  j.wf:  }r.i\rH. 


407 


I'  siiiMil  in  tli<> 
i|i«.     Tile  unat 

llUiM    'lixl     III' 

)!\ lni'  \\i«*(l<tm 

to  till    I'M-    (i.Hl 

1  ciilll  ll•^i^'s  (.1 

II"    lii'C.'lllH'    M' 

illlil  (liutlilii'il. 

If   wolld.   Mi'-l 

1  till'  iii-iiiii  <  r 

If  Illistl'css  til" 
rvitr  Sill'  Iclt 
;rr:il  di'^iii'  [■■'< 
mil'   lt:irli;ii'ons 

/,V    ilUil    till'    I'l'- 

;iil:i  f;illllr<l  lln' 

il'l    IlliW    fiilll.ll 

luiiks  ol!  the 

A,  n  very  cfii- 
it  is  :i  nntlun 
tmy.  Ili'i'ioii- 
Moiitii'Ml.  iiml 
sIk'  iR'i'sists  ill 
)n. 

s  Miiliri'.  She 
■i  ill'  l?!i]|iuii.  :i 
)ftiti(in  is  trird. 
lie  s:il(l;  '\uiv.' 
lie  ('()in]i!iiiy." 
(le  ki  J  )au  ver- 
ses, 

.  wlieiicp  sliii>s 
•  lier   tiiiival  in 
lesuit   Fathers, 
•auversieie. 
i  two  iiertsons, 


who  hail  never  seen  imr  heard  d'  eai  h  other,  weie  e|ili;:lit 
eiied  siipfrnatuiiilly.  wheivl.y  their  imol  hi.Mi-ii  tlioii^lits 
\vereniiitiiallv  nia.h-  KnnvMi."     A  I'-iiu'  eniiM-rsiiinn  pa^s.-il 
hetwern   tlii'lir,  iiml    I  hi'  d.li-hts  nf    this   inlrr\ie\v    were 

,„.ver  ilV; 1  iKan  the  niind  ol'  Miss  Malice.     "Shf  used  to 

speak  or  it  like  a   Miaph."'    writes   Si>ter  Mary    Mnrin.' 
"and  lar  hritrr  than  many  a    harmd    Dceiirnaild    lia\e 

dmii'." 

In  all  piul.al.ility,  sln'  was  wariu'd  that  lln'  rude  walls  of 
Montreal  nmst  le  ceiinnlid  in  Mnud;  lliat  tin  H'  \'||''  nH'i'S 
ol'  hostile  siva^i'S  wiio  would  oppose.  J.eihaps  di'>lloy,  llin 
strnL;i:li!i,n'«'"h»iiy;  and.  liiially.  llial  she  would  be  all  alonn 
foeare  l<ir  tliesiik  and  \soIiiii1m1.  I!lit  when  these  lepie- 
Mutations  only  InrreaM'd  tin'  hi  i«  i<'  1:  d\\s  /ml.  the  ^ood 
old  man  Messl-iKJ  .d  and  hade  her  ^o  in  His  holy  name  * 
Ami  wIk'Ii  he  did  liiat,  he  laid  tli."  roiiiidalioii  ol'  the  ranioiiH 
Hotel  Dieii  in  Montreal,  wheiv  now  dit/.eiis  of  devoted  nnns 
arc  ninsecrated  to  tiio  servme  oi'  Clirist  in  his  i-oor! 


~  ,  o,  .,.,  M,„.|.,  «  ,-  |l,r  lli-l  e,in,Mllili  i.tin  Hull  J'il-i-l  tl»'  II"-P'I..I  Sl.l.r-  ..r  SI.  .lo.rph.  HIlU 
,.,,l.'.n,l  II,..  //■■'I'l  fhnM  M.mliv,.!.  Ill  li;...,'.  1.1  III"  luHl.fim.nf  llillli.ii  >nir-.»ml  a  imlf.  Tlai 
Jiiiiiiv  laj.v  »:..  111.,  .i.i-hi.r  of  ll..  .!.-/<  ''■  V  lUt  l>Un.  ,.,,,1  lluil  I,.  ..■■■   rr  lluii   four  ^n,m 

^'Tsi,,.  |„i.irni..ll.r.:.Mi.ij.  'lUM.un.iUc  xMIUuiifMlic  «,llUiar,lla' Iro.iiH.M-iu.llilng 
Uuuiiiitl  liir.    VuiKiKiiii. 


If   '• 


f 


ClIAPTKU  II. 

TIIK    roNV.N    Ml'    MAItY. 

^fonfn'nf-^P>vtn'rs!rn  Tlir  M>l>v  (iJhr  -  A  rix!»n-7Vni 
aniiiiifoi'  i'lfnritip  f»,/inrit  O/irf  ami  IhtKrnsitie  — 
A  ijinit  <l(si,fii  assfnn's  xIkiih  Tfir  iiitmonihhi;re- 
■iinnni  at  Sol'rc  Ihiiiir  Cnlluthuil  -iihimv  at  thv  jihui- 
Moisniniriir,  -  Mis-x  Mninr  /i'fifs  in  fln^  r.r/)n//finii  for 
r,iiiitf/n  -Af  <,hnh,r  I'/)  Hit'  •</.  /.mnuKr  Arrhol  at 
tin'  Mitv  a/'  Matlmif  'Tff  /aiif/iinf  -'^'f"'  ^''^^  "'t'l''- 
.]/,(. v.v  Faf/nr  Vhiaait'n  athinsM-Thc  hirlft-nidht  of 
M<n:ti'citl. 

Till'  lii'iT'st  city  on  flit»  St.  Lnwiviwc  liiul  n  rcnifiilsMltlt* 
oiiuiu.  TIm'  sttny  of  lt«  •'inly  ''"vs  li;is  lt.r.)iiio  it  \m\  of 
,\iiifiic:iii  IfHtury!     We  ivuisi  li-limct' at  it  lu'iv. 

\Vliilt>  t'anii'la  was  yrt  n.-aily  all  a  \vil(|cni("-s.  (inil  in- 
spin  .5  II  i.i«MiH  litynian  (••  rstalilisli  a  rulony  iu  liuiior  of  ila- 
M.Ht  IUcss.mI  VhuiiinM  llu'  Nlaml  of  Monlical.  Tliis  was 
.l.'i'oni.' If  Hoyr  il«'  la  Dauv.-isl^'M',  u,  j;cutli'maii  of  Aiijuii, 

in  I''i'anc«>. 

TIii'iv  lived  at  Paris,  at  IIiIh  tinn-.  a  yoiinv-  \n'h^>\.  ihf 
Abln'-  .lohn  .lani.'N  Olifr,  aftcrwaril-^  kmnvn  a>^  tla-  illiHiiiniis 
f.. under  of  tlu' S,.n\inary  <.f  St.  Sid|.if.'.  Th'  Aliui.ulily,  it 
isci'ins.  inspired  liiin  uilli  a  similar  (l<'siu,u. 

Daiivfrsirre  i»ond<Mvd  tin'  revelation  wliieli  la-  liad  re- 
ceived,  beo.inn'  convinecd  tliat  it  was  fioin  (Jod.  and  s«'t  ont 
for  Tarls  to  lind  some  m.-ans  of  aeeompli^liinir  tl-e  assiirned 
task.  As  he  i)raye<l  for  new  liu'lit  in  ila-  fanions  Cluir-h  of 
Notre  Dame,  he  was  favored  with  a  vision  in  wlueh  Christ 
nssnred  him  that  he  wonld  not  want  for  wisdom  ami  strenj,'th 
to  d(»  Ills  work.     IIo  was  comforted. 

From  Paris  this  good  gentleman  went  to  the  neighboring 

498 


}tfss  f.i.\K  v.i,vr/r. 


•tii'.i 


Ihtumxiift^ — 
•  mofitftfr  irrC' 
(i(  lln  jihin-^ 
,rpi  i/i/iini  fur 
'('  -  Aii'intl  oi 
,'  Ihsl  iiUm  — 
hirtfi-niiild  of 

.)iii<,'  tt  \y.\\i  of 

w 

I'tK'Ms.  (i'kI  in- 

u  liuiior  i»r  tli«? 

cmI.     Tliis  was 

mail  (»r  Aiijnii, 

in.ir  ])nt'>t.  di*' 
;  tilt'  illii-^iii'iiis 
I '  Aliui.uiily,  it 

ell  lie  liiiil  ro- 
11(1,  and  set  out 
lu'  fl'i'  assiiiiK'd 
Kills  (Miuvh  of 
n  wliich  Christ 
III  tindstroMf^tli 

lie  neighboring 


cliati'uu  of  Mfiidnii,  uhlch  nv.'rlool<H  Hi«»  valley  of  th«« 
Si'ln.',  not  far  fr.  mi  Sf,  rioii.l,  lie  .  nlei.Ml  tin-  izall.  iv  of 
tliv  oi'l  eu«*tle,  and  fitw  a  piie-^f  api'inaeliiiiK  liim.  It  wan 
th.'  AI>Im''  tHier.  I'lt-v  liad  n.ver  >e.n.  or  even  heard  «»f 
ea.li  other;  yet,  lni|M-li.'d  l.y  a  kind  of  inspiration,  lliry  ri'iJ- 
(.-ni/edoneanotheraionee,ev.-ntothed.|.ilis..|ili'irli.!irl^; 

nii<l  saliitiii«  •■neh  oih.r  l.y  name,  as  we  read  of  St.  Aniliuny 

and  St.   Taiil  tlU'  Ihniiii.  'Iiey  endni I  llixe  two  friemU 

v\linhail  m*t  altera  lotiu'.  hnu  sej.aialioii. 

"Sir,"*  exrlaim^'d  th.-  Al»l»e  Olier.  "I  know  your  design, 
an<l  I  L'o  to  eoiinaend  Ir  In  ••'•d  at  the  hnly  altar." 

\ntl  Im'  went  at  nue.'  m  say  Mass  in  the  <|iai.i-l.     Daiiver 

^i,-.,.,.  J. ived  the  (Inlv  C.irninmdon  at  his  hands;  and  ih'-n. 

niter  ihanks-ivln.tx.  they  ^\alked  iVr  three  hours  in  the 
park,  disrussinii  their  |.lau«..  Tlu-y  w.-ie  of  ..ii-  mind  in 
iv^jir.  t  l.oih  It.  ol.jeets  atid  nu'ans;  and  \s\u  w  li.'V  iiii'd 
til..  Ai>l'e  oli.r  ^Mve  l)an\ei>ieie  a  hnndrefl  loiiis.  sayiiiK: 

"This  is  In  lie^in  the  work  of  (lud."  ' 

•ri,..  pion.s  nmleriakinii'  at  oiuv  h.-ijan  to  shai'e  Itself.     A 
Suelety  was  formrd.     It  u;.s  in  HV.KJ  that  the  Cumi.atiy  of 

Mi.ntred  was  fuuuded  "t'or  ih iv.rsiuii  (d*  the  siva-ren 

and  the  mainl.nann-  of  the  Cathulie  ieli;:ii«n  in  Cana.la. 
l-'ive  pHests.^  a  Caidinul.'  i;  Uml.ess,  luo  nuk.s.  t^seIvo 
o;lr.r  n..l.l.'s,'  and  a  HUiple  Sister  of  Cliaiiiy.  I'nrme.l  the 
ns..neii.,tinn;  ami,  fur  Inur  years,  tli.-y  l.du.ivd  faijlilully 
t(  hriie.|hrlrseh.'meintnsu«rrssful  op«-iali..n.  'Ih.'ir  i-lan 
vas  tlds  It.  ))uild  upon  lli.-  Island  nl'  M.mli.al  a  town 
which  slu.uld  be  at  (unva  horn-  fur  tin-  mis-iuMs,  a  d.'leiise 
against  the  Indians,  a  renter  <d'  rommeice  lor  the  lU'i-li  or- 
il'i^r  ,„>oi.le,  whi.h  shni.ld  be  eonseerated  to  the  Musi  Holy 
Viruin,  amlbe.-ali*  1  V/V/'-.l/'"''".' 


•ri 

■        ■!■■  <     ■"'       -^- 

'  I'jirUmnn. 


3  KiilulUu.        *  Oi"'  iif  wlHini  wix*  l)uuvfr«lt''lt>. 


Srt'::;:=;;:r:i~r:;;:';;;:i:;ri:ir.rrx:,r;; 

X(/rlh  America, 


ouo 


itisMjAynvAsru. 


% 


41 


"fn.  \vt»»»n  utt  wn^  ronily,  on  ilii<  mnnnw  of  flic  Kt  nsi  t-f 

nlir  Lnl>'>«  l*llllllnili«ill.  IIh'  A^MMiiilt"*  ii«.«.i|iil«l.  .1  ill  llif 
i'liilM'.liiiM'liinriior  .Ntiliv  hiihii'.  'I'lif  AI>Ih''  n||i'i<jr»h'«l  up 
IIm'  Holy  S^.ullUn'iir  ?lM'Hll;Uor  tl  '  Mlfs^fil  Vlt^ill.  ull'itiil 
III!  l\u>  l*iilc«*roiimiii!il<'iittM|.  \\U\U<  lliM-*.«of  iltf  ('oiup;m\  who 
Ui'ti'  |iri)><«is  Niitl  .Nhi<>«  lit  oIIni'  tilltiiN  with  IIk'  mi!iii>  iii> 
hiiliuii,  fi'iAt'iiily  lln|»l<>llh^{  iIm-  (inn'ii  of  AtiK'N  to  IiIcm 
tlifii' ••iiti>i'pi'K«>.  itnl  t*' liiK  '  tl)*'  l^liiiul  of  Mmititiil  uihIh' 

IhT  ll'»|y  lltnl  IIK>>t  rvlM'i'liil  |Hi»t«'i'tiu||." 

'I'l lltTlioii.  jithT  llilt  ci'ivinniiy.  \V:is  ".'I "t, ( )( M I  riMiits. 

••  N"\v,"  \>iilt's  ilif  nun  Ciiiliulif  IVirUninn,  "  to  luuk  for 
II  ini.niMit  at  llu-lr  |»liin.  Tlhir  i'iiln«;l>i«  Niy.  iind  wiili  p'l'. 
ret  tiiitli.  Iluit.  Iioni  uwoiitlly  iininf  «.f  vh-w,  it  was  nun- 
fully.  Til''  p;iitni'is  niiiliiiilly  Ih'IiikI  iIu'Ims.'Ivi's  to  i^crk  iii» 
iTliini  lor  til.-   iiiuiiry  cxiiiiMltd.      'rinii'  jdolir  \v:im   to  Im< 

ivapt'il  in  tlit>Nkit's;  tind.  iml 1,  ilnn*  wiiNnouf  to  Im- i«'iip<'»l 

on  (MUlli.  Till'  fcfbli'  M«-tt!t'iii<'iit  Ml  (^uflMc  wiiH  lit  this  linic 
?n  ilniij,"!  of  iitrcr  iiiin.  fi»r  tin-  li(M|iii>i«*.  ♦'nniiifd  iit  ilif 
i.tlacks  niinli'  on  ilirm  by  ('li:uiipl;ii»i.  Ii!i<l  iM'^iiin  a  r»'!irl'iil 
ronrst'  of  rt'tiiliiiiion,  and  tint  vt-ry  cxisteufi*  of  tin*  colony 
tiriiililiMl  in  tli*>  lialant'i'. 

'•  iliit  if  (^ni'ltt'c  was  ('xi»its..d  to  their  fcrocioiiM  inroads 
Moniival  was  iiK-omparaMy  more  so,  A  st-tticnn'nl  laiv 
would  l)H  a  pt'iiloiis  outpost -a  hand  thrust  int<i  tin-  jaw< 
of  th«  tiin»'r.  It  would  i)rovok«>  atta.'k,  and  lie  alnM)st  in 
the  path  of  the  war  parties.  The  Associates  c(.iild  -iain 
nothing  l)y  the  fiir.ira(U';  for  they  were  not  allowed  to  sha.u 

in  it. 

••On  tlie  other  liand,  danp>r  apart,  the  placci  was  an  ox- 
rcUent  one  for  u  mission;  for  here  met  two  gieat  rivers  the 
St.  I.-awrence,  with  its  cuiintless  tril.iitaries,  tlowed  in  from 
the  west,  while  the  Ottawa  ch-scended  from  the  n<»rth,  and 
Montreal,  embraced  by  their  uniting  waterH,  was  th«  key  to 
avast  inland  navigiition.  Thither  the  Indians  would  naturall> 
resort;  and  thence  the  missionaries  could  make  their  way 
into  the  h  'art  of  a  ixumdless  lieathendom.  None  of  the  or- 
dinary motives  of  colonization  had  part  in  this  design.  It 
owed  its  conception  audits  birth  to  religions  zeal  alone."      , 


vAwy.iATV.i.vrff. 


no! 


.r  111.-  I'Viisf  c.r 

llliiirll     ill      lll»« 

)||<  !•  lTi>h'*l  ii|i 
lr«iii,  wlit'ifiil 
('i>iu|>:ili\  ^^  lio 

llif    MIJIH*    hi- 
tip'ls    to    1>|l'P«* 

(iiiiiral   iitnlir 

,()i'ti  IVmih"*. 
•'  fi.  luuk  fur 
iind  wUli  |M'r. 

,',  it  NMIH  nu'io 
VCS  to  !H«'('k    iu> 

ilit  was   to  ho 

H"  to  Im-  |'01I[I1'«| 

II>|  lit  tills  tiliio 
lU'MUt'd    lit    till' 

'•i'liii  II  r»'!iii'iii 

ol'  tln'  ruldliy 
rx'IoHM  iiiroiids 

I'lliclllflll     ll'Tt' 

into  thf  ja\v< 
I  lit'  iiliiiost  ill 
trs  ('((iilil  ^xaiii 
ilowL'd  to  hIki/u 

iirci  was  im  ox* 
••at  rivt'is  tlio 
flowed  ill  from 
tlu'  north,  and 
was  the  key  to 
voiild  naitually 
lako  tlw'ir  \vay 
Soiw  of  tli<!  or- 
liis  d«'si}^n.  It 
zwil  alone." 


I)au\«'|pl«''r«'nnd  liU  r.,in|>anlonV  piirrluiMil  the  I-lnnd  vt 
Monthiil.  iiml  matiiivd  tl;«'!r  uloilon*  und-ituklnsx.  VUM, 
lli..y  woiikl  nv\u\  out  folly  m»'ii  to  taU«'  |.of<M'.^l..n  of  llu> 
hliini!.  intim'li  ili-in-' Iv.-s.  and  jal^.  nops.  Tlnii  lln-y 
xvHiild  luilld  a  lioiiM.  Im  ili.>  mi-'^ionan.s.  ami  tuo  n.iivmtH 
for  III.'  null'..  In  ilm  L.-iinilni.-.  tli.'  Aldn'-  <Miri'  \\n-.  i.-il 
In^n.ar  l*»il"4  ••»  foiiml  iIm'  >.niiimrv  of  |.ii.-.iH.  and  htm- 
v.'isK'io.  at  l.a  KI.'.Im'.  ImiiI  liim«.'ll  t..  lli."  woik  td'  toini- 
Inu  a  roiumuMiiv  of  Iioh|.iI:iI  nuns,  ll-w  t»i.'  ndto.d  nuns 
>v.-iv  |.i..NldMl.  wo  i.|kiII  Lain  In  tim  Id.-  of    M..ili..i'  Mar- 

Uiiivt  IJ.uitp'o;*,* 

Tim  AHs<»,-':i«fs  v.-mI.'.!  a  ;^  .l.Ji.  r  ^ovrniof  to  laUo  .liar.u" 
of  tli.ir  foitv  tii.'u;  and.  no  .|.u*U|  diinh.l  i'v  I'm.n  i.l.nr.., 
tli..\  MM.u  f..'uiid  a  riHv  man.  Till-  wan  M„,d  .!.•  Jli..nM'd.'y, 
ti\vuv  .1.'  Mai>..iiii<  H\.'.  a  d.\<.iit  and  xaliani  p'lill.'man. 
wlioi«el)iiulit  MV..1.I  I' I.I  llii^l«  d  oiimaiiva  ii;iid  .■.nt.■^l.■d 
field,  who.  in  an  a.u.- of  ImiPsy,  had  Ur|.l  tlm  l"iiiili  intart, 
nnd  who^e  lif.'  ^-iiv  m-  UK.-  u  si'ir  in  tli.-  mi.l>t  of  tli.-  iin- 
bil<lledihvn>o(.v  vliiflih«'waMsiimuind.(l,  ll.-liad  miimUmi 
vow  of  rhiiNtily.  lie  loved  his  |.i.d'.sH..n  <.f  ariiiN  ami 
uisli.'d  to  nMivriat.'  his  sword  to  tlie  ClMurh.' 

()m'<d'  tiie  vessels  that  t-ovi' tlilM  pilliint  .M.ldier  and  his 
forty  n."n  had  ih.-  Iionoi  (d'  nirryinj;  Mis-^  Mamv  aeross 
the  stormy  Atlanru',  (m  her  heroic  u--^si.,n  of  eliaiity.  'I  Im 
exi.editlon  |an.l.daHiu.-l"M-fno  lai.'in  the  seaM.nol  UMl 
t.)  as.-.Mid  to  M.mtieal.  Tiie  long  and  dreary  ninter  hml  to 
bt'  liass.'d  at  <iuel).'e. 

Karly  in  May  M.'iisonn.'iive  and  his  followeis,  accom. 
parlied  1)V  Miss'Manee,  h.-an  t..  push  llmir  way  np  tli.>  St. 
InwnMsc.'.  Thev  had  ^aim-d  an  iinexp.'cted  i.Mriiil  durin« 
th,.  winter  in  tim  p.'is.m  of  Madame  (h'  la  IVltrie.  the  ).ions 
fonmlressof  the  rrsuline  I'onvent  at  Qiiel^ec.  This  little 
Imnd  of  chosen  Catholics  was  to  found  the  Kn'atcst  city  in 

'»0u   the  17th  of  ^fny,  lOiJJ,    Mais.mnenve  .s  liHle  tlo- 


I  Thnt  I.,  the  Compuny  of  Motitrc-  1.       «  Kw  p.  •  Parkmnn. 

.  In  many  of  I.-  n.poct,  ll.U  ...t..,.r.-o  of  Montrrnl  l.olonK.'.l  to.lu-  Mm.,  of  th.  flr-l  Crumiac.. 
The  ipUU  of  (iollfr.;  a«  DuuUl.u  lived  .auln  lu  CUon..a.y  .Ic  Mul-o.n.H.vc-  ;WAv»u«. 


'U 


11 
I 


* 


002 


Misa  ,/.i.vA'  v.iwv;. 


tllln— !i  plnniico.  n  fl:if-l>i>ttom.'1  .TMl'r  in)v<'l  l»y  siiiN.  and 
two  rn\vl»(i:its  appnciclifd  M(»mUv:iI;  iiiid  all  <»ii  Ixmid 
raised  In  imisD-.i  a  liyain  <.r  juais  ..  .Montnia'j,-iiy'  was  witli 
lli.Mn,  h)  di'liv.-r  llicislaiid.  in  l«.'lialf  <.l'  IIk-  Cnnipany  «d  llio 
Jlnndivd  Ass.M'iatrs.  to  Maisoniicnvc,  ivinvsmlalivc  (.1"  tliu 
Associates  of  Montreal. '  And  Ik-iv.  too,  w:is  {"atlii-r 
N'iiniint,  SniH'i'inr  of  the  missions.  I'l.r  lli"  .Icsuiis  ii.id  I'l  ru 
|ii'uilently  invilcl    to  ac<'eiit    tlif  .sjiiritiial    fhariic  of   the 

yonniv  colony 

"On  tiK' rollowinu' day,  they  , glided  alnn'j;  flieniveii  and 
.solitarv  shores,  now  tliinni;^  d  with  thr  lil'eol'a  Imisv  eity,  and 
landed  on  tin"  spot  which  Chaniplain,  thirty-one  years  he- 
I'oiv.  had  chosen  as  the  lit  sil(>  of  a  setllenicnt  It  was  ;i 
ttaigne  or  trianuh-  of  land,  forniiMl  l)y  the  jnnclion  (-f  a 
rivniet  with  tue  Si  Liwreaee,  and  known  afterwards  :is 
Point  Talliere.  The  rivniet  was  bordered  by  a  nuMiinw, 
and  Iteyond  rose  the  forest  with  its  van.yMnird  of  scatlcivd 
trees.  Farlv  siiriiiii-  llowcrs  were  Moonnnu:  in  tlie  yoniiu" 
<rrass.  and  birds  of  varied  i)lnnia,u-e  Hit  ted  anion,;.;  iho 
l)()n,Li'hs. 

MaisoiHwnve  s]tran<,c  ashoi'e,  an<l  fell  on  ids  laiees.  lli.i 
followers  imitated  his  example;  ami  all  joined  tlieir  voices 
in  enlhnsiasti(t  songs  of  thanksuivinii'  Tents,  baupiue, 
arms,  juul  stores  wei'e  landed.  An  altar  was  raised  on  a 
plea.sant  sj)ot  near  at  hand;  and  Mademoiselle  Man<'e.  with 
>radame  de  la  Peltrie.  aided  by  the  servant.  Charlotte  I'aire, 
decorated  it  with  a  taste  wliicli  was  the  adnnration  of  the 
beholders. 

"Now  all  the  company  ^atlierod  before  the  shrine.  Here 
stood  Vimont,  in  the  ricli  vestments  of  his  office.  Here 
Avere  the  two  ladies,  with  their  servant;  Montma.^n'ny  no  very 
Avillinj;  spectator;  Maisonnenve,  a  warlike  fignre,  er(>ct  and 
tall,  his  men  clnsterinjj;  aronnd  him— s(»ldiers,  sailors,  aiti- 
sans,  ami  laborers— all  alike  soldiers  at  need.     Tliey  kneeled 


•  The  (iovcrnor  of  (iUL'l)C'c. 

'  III  I  liV).  Il\i'  ('(inii)iiny  of  Moiitrpiil.  wlioso  only  oIijitI  was  tlip  convtrsioii  of  'he  siiviiurs  ro- 
Pisncd  into  tlw  liunds  of  .lie  Priests  of  SI.  SnlpiciMill  scisincnriiil  rifrliln  omt  the  ■sliiiid.  titles 
conliriiKil  ii  ceiUury  Inter  by  ilie  Driticli  (Jovernmeiit  iiftiT  tlie  conquest  of  Ciinailii.  And  lliua 
it  18  Hint  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary  is  btill  thu  sovereign  udy  of  Montreal.— .Wofitoi/. 


by  siiils,  and 
all  (Ml  IxKii'd 
:iiy'  was  with 
iiiii>aiiy  ol  llit^ 
itativt'  uf  t  liii 
\v:is    I'^itliiT 

•;llils  liad  Im'cII 

•hai'iic  t>r   till' 

llic  .liTct'ii  and 
Imsy  city,  and 
line  year-,  lie- 
nt  it  w.is  n 
jiinclion  <>r  a 
al'li'iwai'ds  as 
ly  a  ini-ai'inw, 
d  of  scatli'i't'd 
in  tlic  yoniiLC 
lI    ainon.ii;   lliu 


mff^!  ./.l.^■;•;  .n.WfF. 


rm 


in  r<>\oiviif  silcnci'  as  tli.'  Host  was  fai^i-d  aloft,  ami  when 
til"  life  was  over,  tlu'  piifst  tni'tn'il  ami  addifssi-d  iIh-pi: 

"  '  Ynii  art'  a  u'l-aiii  <'l'  nnistnrd  sfi-il,  tlmt  shall  lisf  and 
"I'ow  till  its  bi'anchi's  itvi-i'sliaduw  I  lie  (viitli.  \'(>n  arc  I'l'w. 
but  \(>ui' work  is  ilic  work  (li  (bid.  Ili>  smile  is  on  vou, 
!ind  \<'iir  cliildri'u  shall  till  th.-  land." 

"Thi' iii'tcrniiiiu  waned,  the  sun  sank  bcliiad  th"  vc-tci-ii 
t'orcst.iind  twilight  iMin- nii.  I'Mrc  Hies  were  twiid;lin,n' nvcr 
the  darki'iird  ini  a  h'W.  I'liey  caMuht  thmi.  tied  tlicin  with 
thivails  into  shining-  b'-itooiis,  and  linim'  llirm  bcbir"  th.' 
allar.uhri'c  thclb»t  rcaiainrd  t'.\[»osti|.  'riicii  tli"y  pilcla' I 
their  tents,  liulili'il  their  bivonar  liivs.  si;i!iinied  theii 
e;nards.  ami  lay  down  lu  i'o.'it.  tnicli  was  lliu  birlh-nigbt  ci! 
Muntrcal."' 


is  knocs.  Hi. J 
■d  their  voices 
'nts.  bau'pip', 
IS  raised  on  ii 
e  Mance.  with 
larlotte  I'arre, 
drat  ion  oi"  tho 


!  slnino  TT<M'e 
i  office.  Hero 
iia;H'ny  no  very 
^uro,  (M'cct  and 
s,  sailors,  arti- 
Thoy  kneeled 


sion  of  'he  siiviiircs  ro- 

■:   OVIT  tlic  Mlilld.  llt'.l'S 

of  (.'iinailii.    And  thua 
-MacLeod. 


X 


m 


(Ml  AP  TKK  ill. 

TIIK    ri(>M;r.U    HKKoINK   <>K    MoNTItr.VT.. 

nr'  firs/  Ih,s,,!I,iI  oI  Mo„lrr,>l--\nhM<n-!<'s  dmrrfl- 
JJiss  .'l/din-r's  srnn/oii  //ruis'  )r<,rk  Ol'ii's  ininnk- 
l^hufi/of  l>n^l,!l,il  in.rIC'  Tln'/'ill  <>ii  (!><•  in'  Loss  i>J 
hi,-  anil  Voii'Kir  to  Fnn,r>'  ii,  v(»iii>ui,y  irilh  Mor- 
qard  lh>nr>l,'nis  The  wiraniluHS  mr,  -Mn,l„nu-  <h 
'li„li;u„    -nri>:irhir<'ollhrr,-llos,>!lal  Xu„sfnr('<inn,!o 

...Tin'    s,rrr<     n,ili»jr-.\f   Mmil  mil  -^  S„jl\  ri  nfis  n/  lln' 
Hints     T/k'     Jro''/>ioi.s—A     I'm  jjiclurc—A      btaiitl/ul 

tlriilh. 

Til.'  iiitrcpi.l  Mi<s  :\l:in(v.  tlic  vimi.'or  luToiuo  (.[  Moiit- 
iv.l  iinw  V,.->',:i  IxT  Nvuik  a  w.^ik  ^^l^.•ll  is  (■(mtiim.'d  lo 
this  ,hiv.  A  Immisp  niid  cluiirl  rose  up  swil'tly.  iuul  on  Hi.' 
•jnilior'Aiiunst,  l<;-:-i,  it  a\!1s  op-md  to  rrlcl-nit.'  tli.'  F.'ust 
„f  til.'  Assniui.ti.-n  ..!'  th.-  Most  Holy  Vii-iii.  As  tl.<' r.)l- 
(,nv  "lew.  llic  iimiilMT  ..r  its  sick  iiii-n.ciit.'d.  Miss  Mancc 
^vis  'ilonr  Th.'  !;''>*'  ^^''^  ^''<"  ''"""^^  ^""  ^'"!'^'< '^'»^1  ^^^^^ 
labor  too  oivMt  ior  :u.y  one  l  .«.><.n,  hcAv<  v..r  z.'mIous. 

But  l.'t  MS  o-lMur.'  asi.1.'  Tor  a  luonu'iit  at  tl.o  brav  pvoto.'t- 
„rs  of  Vilh'-Maii.'.  While  all  others  tliere  ucre^  contrib- 
-atinj;  to  the  hoiK.r  oC  their  heavenly  Patrcness,  ineir  saft'.y 
Avas  Nvateh.d  ov.-r  by  the  veteran  guard  o  l)e  Ma.son- 
neuve  This  u-.mkI  con.inander  had  enrolled  from  among 
his  soldiers  sixty  three  volnnteers,  all  .perially  vo^ved  to 
defend  the  town  of  Our  Lady.  This  irnnd)er  was  snggestwl 
by  the  years  of  her  blessed  life  on  earth;  and  these  hardy 
sons  of V)ld  VVance  formed  thus,  in  tlie  forests  of  America, 
a  sort  of  military  confraternity. 

They  met  daily  for  tlie  recital  of  the  Kosary.     They  wore 
the  medal  of  their  order  as  a  military  decoration;  and  they 

504 


1 


mSS  JAMi  VAM'l-:. 


nor) 


tlAT.. 

I'lr's  iiiimilc-- 
Ik'  ifi  Lass  <<J 
ttiy  villi  Mur- 
■(' — Minldiiir.  (Ij 
n/is'  J'lti'Cdiiiiilo. 

—A     Omul  1/ III 

o)'(»iiir  t»[  Mont- 
is (■(mtiiiucd  1«) 
I'lly.  iuid  on  11m.' 
'l>i;it<'  tlic  Ft'iist 
iin.     As  tlu'  col- 
■d.     Mi>s  >r!Uic(' 
)()  small,  iuul  tlu' 
r  zrnlous. 
lie  brave  proloct- 
;'ie  Avcic  contiilt- 
[less,  tlu'ir  safely 
of  l)e  Maison- 
Ik'd  from  among 
jecially  vowed  to 
)er  Avas  snggestwl 
imd  these  hardy 
rests  of  America, 

iary.     Tliey  wore 
)ration;  and  they 
504 


approached  iho  Iw.ly  sacraments  on  all  he  f.'asts  ol  h. 
Queen  ol'  Heaven.  IWU  it  Nvas  j..st  on  tl..s  aeeo.mt  that 
tlu'V  uere  the  lirsl  lo  ,M.nlronl  the  eannoii  ol  th."  hnglisli. 
<,r  Io;xnswerwith  their  hatth-ery  .d'  Arr  !>„rlssnna.  the 
\var-\vlioop  of  tlielieree  IrcKpiois. 

Mivs  Manee  shan-d  wiili  ic»y  llie  hardsMps.  <lan,-ers,  and 
unt..hl  privations  whieli  marked  the  L.-inning  ol  the  nrw 
tnwn  of  Vilh-Marie.  During  s.-vente.-ii  years  slie  had  no 
„„,  ,„  aid  lier,  ex.-ept  i'our  or  live  eliarilal.h'  xvonun  whom 
slie  had  brought  from  F.anee,  and  ulio  shared  ^^^\\^  her  t  le 
.vaseiess  but  lu.ly  duties  of  attending  to  the  siek  and  ti.e 
wouniU'diuthelitti'  hospital.  ,.,,,,        ,  =  ,. 

Tliere  wa-  someiliing  about    this  adnurable  lady  whni 
in.pn'ssedall  with  uhon,  she  e<.nv.-rsed.     Once  she  v.sited 
the  venerable  Olier   in  France,  and  he  is  sa;d  to  have  re- 
marked, tlmt  she  was   -full  oi  the  light  ol  (.od,  by  uhnii 
'dm  was  surrounde(l  as  by  a  sun. 

>-\hid.'moiselh'.Mance,"  writes Parkman,  -fonn.!  no  lack 
of  hospital  worl^,  for  blood  and  bk.ws  were  rife  at  .\h.nireal, 
whore  the  woods  were  full  of  Iroquois,  an.l  not  a  m.mwnt 
was  without  its  peril.  Though  years  began  to  tell  upou 
l,.r,  she  toih-l  patkntly  at  her  dreary  task  idl,  m  the  win- 
ter  of  ir,:,7,  she  fell  on  the  ice  of  the  St.  Lawr.-nce,  broke 
h.r  riuht  arm,  ami  dislocated  the  wnst.  F.ouchard  lie 
.urireonof  Montreal,  ^ct  ,he  broken  l.aus,  I  nt  dul  not  d..s- 
,over  the  dislneatlon.  Tk-  mn.  in  cmsenv.ence  became 
totally  useless,  and  her  health  wasted  away  under  incessant 

and  violent  pain.  ^,ilitarv  chief  of  the  settle- 

'.MmsonmM.ve,    ^'^  '  '\^^^^^  ^^.  Tor  a;sistan.-e  in  the  work 

S;™he?,  10r,8,  lan.le,l  ..  K<.,lu.n..,  an,!  -f^^^^. 
Paris  H™  thov  vi-imiivd  to  llio  Seminary  of  St.  Mnr"' ■ 
tor  the  priests  of  this  commnnity  were  joined  with  lliem  in 


1  It  may  here 


be  ohsorvoa  th..-  a  v.arn,  anl  lu-tln?  frk.nl.:.:p  unit. I  .Ik-.o  t«o  l.o.y  Ucro.mi.. 


fion 


MrsiS  JAX/i  MAXCR. 


{• 


tilt' wDfk  at  Monfival.  of  which  tliny  were  aftcrwnnls  to  lio. 
Vome  flic  I't'iiilal  iiroprirtoi's.  .  . 

"Oli.T,  the  Kiiinil  •!■  of  Sr  Siilpicc,  lia<l  lately  ilicil.  ai\(l 
tilt'  tw  >  i>ilui'iiiis  wiiiiM  fain  pay  iln-ir  Iminaui'  to  liis  lifirt, 
wliicli  the  piii'sfs  of  his  .-•(iiiimiiiiity  kept  as  a  i)i-fcioiis  rv!i(! 
t'liclosi'il  ill  a  leailt'ii  box.  'I'lic  I'ox  was  ''i'oiii;hl.  wlirii  ijin 
thttiiyht  jiispirt'il  MadcMioist'lIc  Maiiff  m  try  its  iniracii 
Ions  ('Ulcacy  and  invoke  the  Inlt'icessioii  of  the  ih  parieil 
foMiider.  She  did  so.  toiifhiiiLr  her  (lisal)led  arm  -■utly 
^vifh  the  I(Md(>n  casket.  Instantly  a  .irratefiil  wininili  jier- 
vailetl  the  shriveletl  llnili,  :ind  I'roni  that  hour  its  nsf  was 
restored.'"  ' 

lier  r.ext  cart^  was  to  visit  .Madame  di-  Ihillion.  a  ilevoiit 
lailv  (»f  ureat  we;dt!i,  who  was  iismdiv  desinnatetl  at  Mont- 
iPiil  as  "the  unknown  benefactress/'  because  she  did  not 
trunii)et  liei' j^ood  acts,  ami  hei"  charitii  s  were  the  niMin  stay 
of  the  feeble  colony.  This  laily  vt'ceived  Miss  Manceuiih 
eiithnsiasni,  ami  j;av;;  her  the  iimnilicent  .sum  (tf  L'-i,(!(H) 
francs. 

Our  heroini' next  repaired  to  the  town  of  La  Flt'-chi',  to 
visit  her  friend,  I)nnvt;rsi(-'re,  Mis,<  >ranct\  as  we  have  al- 
ready l(\iriied,  was  the  ])i()iieer  v.ho  went  to  Montreal  to 
I>i('pare  the  way  for  the  Hospital  Xuns,  that  for  th<'  last 
eighteen  years  Dauversiei't*  had  labored  to  foriii  at  J/i 
Flt^'che.     The  time  at  len'j:th  was  come.' 

Three  of  tht>  Hospital  Nuns  of  St  Joseph,  Sisters  Jiiditli 
Moreaiide  liresoles,  Catherine  Matv,  and  Mary  Maillet,  wero 
dicson,  and  after  encountering  many  dinicnlties.  embarked 
Avitii  Miss  Mance  at  Rochello.  ^Margaret  Jiourgouiswus  alsu 
un  board. 

During  the  long  and  stormy  voyage,  these  heroines  of  char- 

'  A  fuc-simlli'  i)f  tlio  111  testation  ol  MIhs  Miincc,  written  "  «itli  the  fliiiier-'  once  piiralyzeil  and 
powerless,  '  in  relation  to  this  miracle  can  be  seen  In  Abbe  Fulllon's,  ••  Vie  de  Mllo.  Muuet,"  p. 
116,  Vol.  I.    For  particulurw,  proof j!>,  etc.  consult  the  whole  chapter. 

'The  Hospital  \iir.s  of  St  .Joseph  hei;an  nt  T.a  FUVhe  In  Ifintl.  In  lO-W  lliey  wore  approved 
by  the  Hlsliop  of  .Vnirers.  Mother  de  la  Ferre,  nieinher  of  a  (li^tinl;lll^hell  fiiinlly  of  Anjoii,  niajr 
bt' called  tlie  foundress.  Tliis  pioiisand  most  useful  inslidite  was  approved  liv  I'ope  Alexander 
VII.,  in  KKiCi.  The  members  make  the  three  solemn  vows  of  religion,  uud  live  iu  cloister,  under 
the  Iliile  of  St.  Augustine. 


MJSS  JAM-:  .VAXCf.. 


S:)7 


•rwards  to  lie. 

t'ly  (lit'fl,  .'iml 

t(i  liis  lifiif, 

l»nM'i(»iis  iv!i;! 

illl.    Wlli'll     |||(t 

V  its   iiiiiiicii 
the  (li  piirii'il 

1   ;ii'm    u-.'iitly 
wnniitli   \n'V- 

V  ils  nsi'  wiis 

ioii.  a  (Icvinit 
iti'(l  :\t   Mdiit- 

•  >lii'  dill  ii(p(, 
till'  main  stiiy 

S     MilllCC    Willi 

II Mil  (if  'J'2,v,m 

La  F1l'('1i(>,  to 
IS  we  liavc  al- 
ii Moiitical  to 
t  for  tlu'  last 
foini   at  Lti 

listers  Jiulitli 

•  Maillct,  wt'in 
ies,  finbaikHd 
•guuis  was  also 

mines  of  cliar- 


■■'  oner  piinilyzi'il  mid 
if  clf  Mll«.  Mumx',"  1). 

13  llioy  wore  npprnvi'd 
fiiin'ily  (if  Aiijoii.  '"'IT 

I'll  liy  I'cipi'  All . Minder 
live  lu  cluietcr,  under 


ily  had  al)nn»hinto,ii.nrt  unity  loi-xt'iTis.'  fJiMirzfal  in  thfs.T- 
vict'ol'  ilicsirk.  TIm' till  liy  and  inl'.'ctrd  sliiiiwas  biilfftcd  ))y 
sfonns  ror  two  months,  and  the  \vofl)<',i,'on('  passiMi.ut'i's  wciit 
wasted  l>y  a  contauioiis  fcvn-.  Nt-aily  nil  wfic  attacki-d. 
Miss  Malice  was  lednced  to  'Xtremity.  Ki-lil  or  ten  fli  d 
iind  wnv  diopiHMl  oveilioard,  arii-f  a  piayrr  rroin  tin'  two 
jniests.  At  len^;tli  land  linvc  in  si-lit;  the  ]iiiiy  odors  of 
III!'  forest  re.'^alfd  t!ieir  lan.unid  senses  ns  they  saih'd  iij)  the 
l»road  I'stnary  of  the  St.  Ijiiureiice,  and  anciiored  under  tlu) 
I'oek  of  (Quebec. 

Miss  Miux'e  and  In-r  rdi/'-ioiis  companions  soon  set  oat 
i'or  Montrciil.'  The  jonrney  cost  them  fifteen  days  more  ol 
dniiLicr  and  haidsliiii.  I'-iit  they  were  warmly  iceciveil;  and 
;ir  once  bent  tlicmselve-i  to  the  ,i;iand  w*irl;  of  tln'ir  lives. 

'j'he  poverty  of  (he  nuns,  at  first,  was  almost  incredible.'' 
••When  tliei'  '.  uhes  were  worn  (»nt,"'  says  I'arkman, 
'•I hey  were  unable  to  replaces  th- :n,  and  v.;  i'.>  forced  to 
patch  them  with  such  mateiial  as  came  to  liand.  Maisoii- 
iieuve,  the  (ioveriior,  and  the  pious  Madame  d'AUeboiit, 
bein.i?  r)uc(>  on  1  visit  to  the  hospital,  amnsi'd  tliemselves 
with  tryinu;  to  jjuess  of  what  stulT  the  hnbits  of  the  nuns 
had  ori'ixinally  b -eii  nuuh',  and  were  unable  to  agree  on  the 
point  in  (piestion. 

"Thi>ir  chamber,  whidi  tliey  occupied  for  many  years, 
bein.i,'  hastily  built  of  ill-sea.'i(med  l.lanks,  let  in  the  piercing 
t'old'of  the'Canadiau  winter  through  countless  cracks  and 


>  I'arkmiin. 

■i  M.,„ir,..,l  tit  timt  tliivj  nor,<n  !•<  llinsiU  >.riluMl  hy  I'.irkmmi:  "  Tlic  litllr  M'til.ni.  lit  by  luforo 
tli.Mn*  Mill  -aM'i"'.,'  I'O" i^l  I'f''  "•»'  <'''"'l''  '"  "  I'l'ii.v.  pncariiMi- ir.fuii.y.  S„„w forty  mmuII.  cnin- 
imo  i.o.is(r,„rf  lan^'.d  parallel  to  ll».  rivr,  dmily  al.-iit;  l.ir  Vnn- ut  «li,.t  Is  t,..w  St  laul  * 
Mnrt  (Ml  tlic  lift  lIuiT  wa>  ii  fort,  and  on  a  riMiis;  Kioiind  at  tif  riKlit  a  iiiiisMv.-  «  nulniill  of 
Moiieriu'losed  Willi  11  Wall  or  pali.ade  pi.rad  for  muskoiy,  and  aii^wrint;  llu'  piirp,...-  of  a  n- 
,loiil)t  or  l)|o,k-lioiiM-.  VWUU  studdid  Willi  cliarred  and  blarkiiie.l  .tnnip^  b.t  wrni  « licli  iro|H 
were  siroaini;.  Mri'Ielied  away  to  the  edj;.-  of  the  liorderinK  forest,  and  the  urt'eii,  .ha^'-y  p.'ak 
of  the  nioiintain  towend  over  nil.  There  were  at  tlii«  time  a  lime'red  and  i-ixly  men  at  Montreal, 
tthoiit  llfly  of  whom  had  familios,  or  at  hast  wives."- '/-/-.<  Ohl  Iw/a  '-  in  dMuta.p.  lU 

Ml  may  bo  a^ked"What  huu  become  of  the  donation  made  bv  '.'•«  cUuritable  Mndume 

Uullion  y" 

'•Of  the •>« 000  francs  which  rtic  had  received,  MadcmoUclle  Mance  kept  2,000  for  immediate 
nee.lH  and  confided  tite  rest  to  the  liai.dH  of  Dauversiere,  who,  hard  pressed  by  his  creditors,  used 
itlopayoueofhi»Uebt«,anU  lUeu,  to Uia  Uorror,  found  Ulmstir  unable  to  replace  it.  -lark- 
man. 


h ' 

I  i 
i   i 

(■   i 

! 

"■    I 

! 


rm 


mss  jAyE  MAyci^- 


chinks:  niul  tlio  driving,' siiowMrt.Ml  tlintimh  in  siicli  qiuui. 
titics  that  llit'V  were  soinciinu's  t.blitivd,  the  nioinin';  al'trr  a 
sr..nn,  to  ivn.uv..  it  with  siiosvls.  Th.'ir  fn-.d  wuid  fiv/.. 
on  tliH  tal.i.'  Ix'foiv  them,  and  tli^-ir  roars.-  brown  l.ivad  had 
to  ho  Ihawfd  on  th(>  h.'iirlh  hrU^w  tln-y  n.nld  <'ut  it.^  Tlirs<. 
women  had  bf-n  nui-liiivd  in  case,  if  not  in  luxury."  'riiis 
pictniv  is  drawn  l»v  a  non-Catliolic  pen. 

Xor  w.Mv  i-ovcr'ty.  cold,  and  hardship,  the  only  enemies 
Mitli  wldch  Miss  Mance  nnd  iier  pioiie.-r  nuns  had  to  bail!.'. 
Tlieiv  were  .,1  her  perils.  'I'lie  terrible  Iro.piois  were  idways 
pn.ulin-  ne:.r;  and  «iven  those  gentle  ladies  were  not, 
l)eyond  th(>  leach  of  the  tomahawk. 

i)nrin-  summer,  a  month  rarely  passed  without  a  li,-ht, 
sometimes  within  si-ht  of  their  windows.  A  '  ur^t  of  yells 
I'rom  the:.mbuslie,l  marksmen,  followed  by  a  clatter  ol  mus- 
ketry, would  announce  the  openin.ir  of  the  fray,  and  v-romise 
the  nnna  addition  to  their  list  of  patieids.  On  these  oc- 
casions thev  Ixtre  themselves  :i<m  ordin-'  to  llieir  s.^veral 
natures.  Sister  Moriu.  who  had  j..iued  their  number  three 
y(.ars  after  their  arrival,  relates  that-  Sister  Ihesnics  uial  she 
nseltonmto  the  belfry  and  ring  the  tocsin  to  call  the  in- 
habitants touether.' 

-  Fnmi  our  lii-h  station,"'  writes  Sister  Morin,  "wv  could 
sometimes  see  the  combat,  which  teirilied  us  extremely,  so 
that  we  came  down  again  as  soon  as  we  conld,  tivnd.ling 
witli  fright,  and  thinking  that  our  last,  liour  was  come. 
When  the  tocsin  .sounded,  my  Sister  ^laillet  would  become 
faint  with  excess  of  fear;  and  my  Sister  ^fact'",  as  king  as 
tho  alarm  continned,  would  remain  si)eechless,  in  a  state 
].itiable  to  see.  They  would  both  get  into  a  corner  of  tho 
rocKl  loft  before  th(^  Blessed  Sacrament,  so  as  to  be  prepared 
for  death:  or  else  go  into  th.eir  cells. 

''  As  soon  as  I  heard  tliat  the  Iroquois  were  gone,  I  Avent 
to  tell  them,  wliicli  comforted  them,  and  seemed  to  restore 
them  to  life.  ^ly  Sister  Bresoles  was  stronger  and  niore 
courao-eoius;  her  teiTor,  wliich  she  could  not  lielp,  did  not 


'  Pnrkmaii. 


.V/.'.'.s-  J.1.\E    \f.\\<  h' 


•ioO 


1  in  sticli  qnnn- 
ii(»iiiiii,i;  iil'trr  ii 

(1    WlMlM      f|tT/(» 

•ow  II  liiciid  llilil 
1  ciii  it,  'riii's<' 
iiMiry."      Tliis 

ic  (iiily  ciit'iiiit'S 

S    luitl  t(»   lliltll<'. 

lis  welt'  iilwiiys 
idics  Wi'W    not, 

,itli(Mit   :i   liiilit, 

\  '  i||.,|   of    \<'1U 

I  clilltrl'drilills- 

■i\\,  iiiul  i-r<.itiist' 

,.      On   tlicsr  (h: 

o  their  srvcnil 
ir  nnnilxT  llncc' 
iivsdlos  iind  sill' 

II  to  ciill  llic  in- 

ioriii,  "  wccoiilil 
IS  ('xtivnicly,  so 
coulil,  lr«'!nl>liiiu' 
lioiir  was  collie, 
•t  would  beconie 
^fiice,  iis  loli.U'  iis 
liless,  in  a  state 
a  corner  of  the 
as  to  lie  preiiareil 

ere  gone,  I  Avent 
i(>enicd  to  restore 
ronji'er  and  more 
lot  lielp,  did  not 


prevent  ln-r  fi'.iii  attnidinu:  t.V«  hI«-U  and  receiving;  ll"'  'l'';"l 
and  wonndi'd  who  Nveie  iMoimlii  in."' 

And  now,  wliat  more  have  we  to  say  of  mir  heroine,  ^f!sM 
Malice  I  She  lahoied  to  the  end  at  tin-  work  so  dear  to  her 
iieart.  r  hii  e;iral»lislied  tlu>  ll.tel  IHeii  of  Montreal  on  a 
lirm  basis.  Rich  year  added  iie\.  lister  to  li.i'  bii..:,!  and 
heuutifiil  life;  and",  liiially.  the  An-el  of  |)eath  called  her 
Ji'.vay  ill  .lune.  lOT-i.  :Mie  died  in  the  otlor  of  sanctiu. 
There  is  no  more  to  i.ll.  Hospital  Sisters  liave  no  stories. 
Their  whole  lives  are  exqiiisiiu  ])i'aises  to  tlie  uracioiis  (-od, 
and  are  written  only  i.i  His  I'mok  of  Life  on  liiuh,' 

1  SmMiUlni;  ..f  111"  lu>l  .vnr-  uf  Mi-  M.in  ■■■,  ll.-  lnil>  l.arn.M  Al.l..'  KiiHon  vrit>-;  ■•  II  i  -i  i 
rr'v.'ttiT  qiroii  iir  11(111-  nil  ...ii-rn,-.  iiiiciiii  il.lull  Mir  --  ili  inii  r.«  niiiiti  ,.  iii  Hir  1,  .(^lr...ii~uiiii. . 
U'.-i,  -lUiti'  liUPll.    Tiiiil  r  •  ii;iM  im.i-  <ii  kh.pii-,  c't  -I  >\ii<  I'ioi  »<  li.ui  <li'  In  ^nixHil.T  p.if  il  ■ 

inn  -M  -  ■•!  ^Miiilimcl!.-  Ill  il.i.ll>-:  >{■ u.'  lUI"  iiilmlril.lc  r'll.l i  '"Mir  111  M.l.inlr  ivir  •<•■.  ■-•niiiilrs 

V,rue..M,i:iVllllM  .■II.' /»-/,.'/  ,H,.,l'ir,l.yih,/,f:r-  IV.  .1.  .\r,i:l,,„ni.>'l.    .IA/»'r.  ,,.  L!.  \  ..i.  II. 

Tlif  Uu-;.itiil  Null-  "!■  St-  'I"- I'l'  l'''^>'  »t"lilllii'Kl.i:-  111  l.ic  dlir*  ..I  Moiiliral  ami  Kih,-ti)ll, 
laliuUu. 


'■•, 


1 


rATllI-K   JAMi:S    MAKnll'TTi:,  S.  J.. 


TIIK 


iLLL'HTitiois  i)isn>vi:i{i:ii  ov  Tin:  mishismi'I'I.' 


('  HA  I'TKll  I. 


A  M(»Ti!i:i:'>  Ti;\<'ii:NiM  ANr»  it- r.r.sri.Ts. 

Bhfh  Pirniiti^  Fdiiiihl  I'hitif  ({lifroHuil  ~  hhih  i'H  On' 
.<,yi'r///  o/'  ./(Sits  Lo litis  ill  i'iimiiiit  -Tin  i(>;iii«ir  lo 
jMl.c'Sll/'iirini-    -ri,i-    FUsi  Vhllli'll    Vl  ^(iilU   SI,.   Miirlr 

■    1 1,, I  IS  <;!'  Ill,'  Mississij  ,,i  for  tlif  Jlrd  Innc—  \  '<'n"iis 


en  Ills  -  T/ti  (fiiircl  vf  Jul  I  hi. 


.I;mi<vs  MiiiqiU'tl.'  \V!iS  Loin  at  \\\>  :iiMT^ti:iI  sr:i(  ol"  lus 
fiiinilv.  ill  thrciiy  u[  \a\u\\,  France,  in  lli.' .vai'  \y\:\',.  The 
.M:ii(iiictlrs  wri.-'n  n- .hi.' .sKiciv  ol'  l.i^.li  aniitpiity  and  niar- 
lial  siiiiit,  wlinsf  nnnib..is  have  ((.nsianlly  li-niv.l  in  lli«' 
.la/i'lin-' \vais<;r  Fiatav.  Nor  is  enr  own  Hei.nMic  willi- 
ont  its  ol)li-ali(.ns  to  tli."  valor  of  il.is  laniily.     Tlmr  ol'  tli.- 


Christian  Srliools.     lint  the  one  who  cast  an  niuiyin!;  iumm- 

~\T^Z^n:^n7y^^ZT^:^\i^n.y>U,      in  ,-.>  ..,•   .1...  lu>....l  Stau.r  Marl    "  UlMury  .„    ,1,.. 
I,i.....^.Tv..r  .!,.•  Vull.y  of  lU.'  Mi-l-il'l'i;-  I"arknm.>."Tl,..   l.l-r.n.r,    of  i1.-<t.'^'    "-';., 
Siniks   •■Mr,,  of  ManiuHtr;"  Cliarl.vol:;."  lli-tory  nml   (ioural  0, -,  riplio,,  of  N,w    Inimv. 
Sh'!.,  ••■riic  Ui.cuveO  u»a  liM'lorull..i.  of  lli«  MU^i^i.lM.ir  VA.  IWwlk  iU,rt,l.  for  Nov.n.lar. 


I 


ni9 


FAHihit  fWh's  M.\ti(^rnnt:,  s  J. 


on  lilt  fumlly  in\<l  wlio  sIiIik'-*  in  liM'ny  iis  ilic  u'l'-atf^t  ef 
liis  uaiiH'.  is  tln' Miii)jt'(t  of  iliii  >'l\t'li'li, 

JiiMii.s  r ivi'il  iiiM'X<'(»ili'iif  «M|in.iiinn,  his  nohlf  iiinl  iir 

n»nii>Iisli«Ml  mntlii'r«l»'V.'luitlnj.'  hi  IiIm  fliniiii'tt  r  f>n<'  nf  jN 
iiH.sl  Ix'aiilil'iil  liiiit"*  cliiiaiils'-  :iikI  -sililini.'  dcvotinu  to  tlif 
Imiimi'iilafi'  Niiuiii.  In  lii^  .M'V('ii(«'tiitli  ynir  li.M'titri,.!  tin- 
Sorit'tv  ol'  JrsiiH.  Fuiiiifri  yj-niM  >>r  rl.anirtt'i' luiildin^'— • 
uf  r»'fr«'iit,  sfiidy.  nnti  itarliliij<  {kiiMsi'd  uwuy.  an<l  ln'  was 
invi'stt'd  with  thi'  saf'it'tl  <liniii»\-  of  Hi*'  piicsihtKid.  'ratiiiisj; 
St.  l-'iaticis  \aviiT  a'^  liis  paliuit  aixl  iimtlrl,  he  aii!<  ntiy 
fidiiulit  a  t'oi'-iiin  iniN-^iuii  tu  ^s^lml•  pa^aii  laiiil.  Sci.n  hln 
wish  was  p'alillt'il.  ('aiuwhi  ari<l  its  (lii>ky  tiilxs  were  iln'U 
itttra<'fin;i'  niiirh  attfiitimi  in  France  Womh-i  I'lil  wf»\'  the 
shtiifs  tnhl  <»r  tin-  ItiviT  Sr.  hawicin-.'.  ami  ihc  cliaiii  <i 
inaji'stic  Irtio's.  stifh-hlny;  I'ar  away  inio  llif  iir.kndwn  intf- 
rinr,  ami  wIkisc  shtuvs  wt-rt*  cniwdcd  willi  Imlian  waiiiors 
of  sinaKo  aspect,  hufsh  lan;iniip's,  aial  liailmrons  «-iist<inis. 

V'athcr  Man|uct«''  lalitlfd  at  (^iicIm-c  !ii  Scptcinbcr,  inrU, 
Inioyant  with  lilV  and  hcaliii.  At  'I'hivc  Uiv  is  and  viciu- 
ity.  he  passtMl  ciuiitccn  nutntlis  in  ilio  study  el*  tlit-  llni<m 
and  Al,u;i>iiquin  lanfruay;»'s;  and  as  he  had  a  reniarkalilc  la- 
cility  in  the  ae  piisit  Ion  (»r  lanjiiiajit's,  lu'  .«(•», n  piiasfi-ied 
many  a  forest  dialect.  'IMiere  was  s(inieK<>i<'ral  »esendil;iiut) 
ill  the  speech  uf  all  tiie  tribes  bcu'deiing  on  the  St.  I^iuw- 

renrr. 

In  10(58  the  fnlnre  THscovi'Vcr  of  the  Mississippi  was  ap- 
pointed to  t!ie  Ijake  Sii[terior  missions,  nearly  two  thou- 
sand ndles  away,  and  on  the  ^>lst  of  Ai.ril  he  hade  adieu  to 
Quebec.  The  first  stoppiim-  iilace  «in  the  vast  journey  was 
Montreal,  one  hundred  and  eighty  miles  up  the  river.  Thi:; 
part  (tf  the  voya^■e  was  made  in  a  birch-baik  canoe,  with 
tliree  boatmen'to  aid  tho  priest  in  paddlinj;  it  aj,',utist  the 
Stream,  The  frail  craft  pio.-eededat  the  rate  of  alH.ut  thirty 
miles  a  day;  and  when  \i\)i\\i  came  on  Father  Manpietto 
and  his  companions  stretched  tlieir  neary  limbs  on  the 
banks  of  thu  lordly  river  Sometimes  they  halted  at  an  In 
(li  ui  villajre;  at  other  times  they  encamped  in  the  forest, 
ivitb  uauijht  save  the  blue  sky  to  shield  them,  the  night 


hwriiKii  J.\ui:.*i  MMHiVKtri:.  ^  J~ 


f.i:l 


till'  i;ri';i(<'«.r  <<( 

I  Tioli'.t'  Mild  iir- 
I'ft  r  f»n<'  nf  its 
llcVlitinll  to  tli<< 
r  III' I'jiii'i.'tl  till' 
iftt'i-luiild'm^'  • 
ly,  aii<l  111'  Nvas 
iflM.<,<l.  Takiitn- 
•  •I,  li(«  null  lit iy 
inil.  Soon  his 
lilx  s  were  llii'll 
Id  fill  wiCv-  tlio 

I    till'    cliuiu     I'lf 

iir.Uiidu  II  iii'i'- 
iiiiliitii  w.'iirioi's 
nndiis  rustdiMs. 
('I.tiiiibi  r.  li'('(i, 
iv'.'is  ;ili(l  viciii- 
y  of   I  lie    1 1  111  I  u 

r«'ni!iriv{i)»l('  ia- 

s(mp|i    ?iiasti'i('(l 

•ral  ji'M'iiiM.iiii  0 

jii  the  St.  l^iw- 

■jisslppi  Avas  n])- 
■aily  two  iliou- 
10  l>acU>  adieu  to 
nst  journey  was 
the  river.  Thin 
aik  caroe,  witli 
^  it  aj^.iiiist  tlie 
>of  aliout  lliirty 
ither  Maniuetto 
y  limbs  on  the 
ha]t(«(l  at  an  In 
<d  in  the  lorest, 
them,  the  night 


winil  liillifi^'  lh<'  lorn-  tiavelri>  to  ^^.•|^  as  it  hi^li' <l 
rhiait^h  till-  :.Mt'h-it  hramhes,  whi.lt  ihe  .Hluwiy-returiilts^; 
MUii  of  HjirhiK  had  senr«<'ly  yet  eaiHeil  to  laid. 

The  Mi.nii.'al  ol"  that  day  wis  v.-ry  dill'.-rriit  rioiii  iIm 
iu'aiitiliil  and  siat.'iy  fify  which  now  Niaii-lsal  ihf  lead  of 
Mhip  iiaviuMfioii  i»ii  111!'  St,  hawreiie»'.  It  was  merely  ii  lit- 
(!.■  I'oit,  with  It  f«'w  iiil'ins  and  wi^uamN.  Alter  a  short 
.Htuy  III  this  iminr.  waiting  l'<'i'  »  suiiaM*'  miUU-  lo  travel!*.' 
thehiindivds  ol  mill's  of  imthhs^  wilih-rin  "-s  yl  to  eoiii.'.  ii 
I  arty  of  Indians  liom  l,ah.' Siijiirior  eainf.loun  iln-rivHrln 
th.'ir  eaiioes.     Fathfi    .Mai.|iiette  emhark»'<l  with  llein  .-n 

ili«'ir  iviurn  trl|). 

Thi'  ivd  na\i^alors  and  th.'ir  aiHistorn'  eompanion  pad- 
dled up  the  tiirltitl  Oiiawa.  a  dixiaiuf  <d'  tn-arly  I'om  hun- 
dred miles.'  Tht-ncf.  hy  ii  eliiiln  of  narrow  stnaiiis  ami  small 
lakes,  th.-y  ent«'ivd  Lake  Nipis^iii-.'.  Tlu'ii,  i.addliiiK  down 
(he  rapi.l  ('.airs,,  of  th.-  Pieiieli  riv.r,  throiiiih  rheirl.'ss  soli- 
nid.'s  .'i-ht;,  mill's  in  .'xt.'iii,  tln'  little  lint  lin.illv  .iiten d 
the  well  known  (leoiv'ia II  Hay.  Nor  was  this  ihr  I'lid.  ('i<»s!*. 
iiifi  fins  vast  sheet  of  wal.'r,  they  lielu'ld.  opi'iiiim"  lieforo 
tlieni.  the  se(>iuin'.,dy  b  Mitidlf-ts»'xpaii>^i'  ..f  liake  lluh  n,  They 
skirted  aloiijj;  lli^'  wild  n.uthi'rn  shon-s  of  this  inland  sra 
until  til. -y  reach. 'd  S.uili  Sie.  Marie,  which  nutrk.s  the  out- 
let ot  Lake  Superior  into  Lak.'  Huron 

Here  l-'atlier  Maixpiette  founded  the  famoits  mission  of 
Saiilt  Saiiili"  Marie;  and.  i»lantiii,ir  hisiabin  at  llic  foot  .»f 
till'  Kapiils,  on  the  Anu'iicun  side,  \w  b.  ^aii  his  heroic  and 
!il»ostolie  career  in  the  ^reai  West.  lli>  toiled,  instructed, 
and  built  a  chunh:  but  a  missi.inary  was  iirui'iilly  needed 
for  Laiioiiiti'.  and  to  •' (hat  un;,'raft'fiil  tield."  Maiquftte  with 
j<»y  bent  his  steps.  Here,  truly,  it  was  up-hill  work.  The 
Ot  Saw  as  and  lliiroris.  a  monixwh.unlu' was  now  stationed,  were 
b'arfully  corrupt.     As  he  hims»df  testiji«'s.  in  a  letter  to  Ills 


P 


'  Till'  iillawu  riH'jt  oiiv  Iiiiiiiliiil  iii'l.  >  hIhivc  I  jkcTimlHriiniliiKm',  iiiwl  lluwx  in  llw  fucit  of  llii' 
I>liiiul  if  Momnal.  iUli-tJiiM-  uf  lour  iMinilriil  mul  llfl.v  inlU"'.  Tlich  ^irc  iiiiiiunui^  rii|iiil»  iiiwl 
full- 111  llir  river  ;iiil  llif  ><((  i:cry  i- 'irlkliKi'iil  lieiiiitifut.  Tin' Olliiwii  tM*  Inin  llirSi,  Lmv- 
V.  ill  <•  by  II  tlini'tiilil  I'riii.ih,  Tl.r  iniiiii  i-tniim,  lolhi-  iiiirili,  If  ilhlilcd  liy  l-lv  .^^■%li^  ;  li«  ..pii'h" 
irii  'oriiiicli  by  Mi'  I'crm.  titvmi  ll.i'  li-h"  I'crrot  ami  Mniilrcal  iici  iir  tlii'  riiiilils  of  SIv.  Aune 
to  vtlch  Mwre  rihrs  ui  Lin  " Cai-uUlJii  Ht'jt-toi.fc'.  "—LuvtU'n  UtittriU  Utuyiaphy. 


m 


&il 


F.\r:itcn  J.\)fKs  VMH^r/rnK  s  / 


"MH 


HiiiM.rtnr.  <!i»r«(l  HW.),  tli.-y  u.-i.-   •fur  In.iii  tlu-  kinpl""'  «'* 
^J„d,   l...iliK   iiIh»v.'  nil   ulli.T  imlloli.H  luiaUU'd  lo  l.'W.llims 

•iiirrinn.Miml  in^Tlt^il*"*."  ^,  ,      .,      „    ^ 

In  III.'  Ut««r  |u«l  <|i:nt.'(l,  Fntli.T  Mnr<|M.-ff.'  fur  tli.-  iltrre 
,l„„.iu.-ntlonHili..  Mlssis^ipi.l.   II.'s.nh:  -Wlh  titli.' lllinnl:** 
,,,,„„.  ,,,  |,„,,uiiih-  th.->  i.ii>«  II  liiiU-'  livn,,  iilinuHi  a  l.-nviiK' 
N>i.l...     It  rmiH  iioiih  una  foiitli.  iiufl  mi  Uir  tlinf  tli.'  Illlii"!:!. 
ul.o  a.>  not  kmw  N\lnH  «iiniM.N  iP...  \ni\r  n.-vor  yrt  li.iinl  of 
Uh  month.  .      .  Tills  uivsit  iIs.t  .an  I.Midly  rnipty  in  \  Ir- 
;:iiii:i.  iin.l  w.*  \n\\u-v  l.fli.'vr  lliiil   il^  nioiitli  is  in  Ciiliroiiiiu 
If  tilt'  liKliiins  who  in'oinhH  to  riiiikc  ni.-  ii  catior  il.*  not  full 
to  kvv\^  th.'if  vv»»ia,  wv  Mhttll  go  into  thU  iIv.t  an  w-oii  a^  «»• 
ntll  with  a  KiMMuhman  ;;n«.l  this  y<.iiii;,'  niaii.'  kIv.-ii  in.',  wlio 
Knows  soni.'  of   til.'    hmuiiap-s;   w  >!kiI1  vhii    tli.-  nati.MH 
wlii.h  inhal.il   it.  in  onh-r  l<.  .-iH-n  tin'  way  to  so  many  .»i: 
our  Kuthi'iH  who  hav..  long  await.. 1   thiw  happin.  s".     'I'lils 
iliHi'ov.'jy  will   alM»  giv.-  ns  a  .<  n.pl-l.'  hnowl.-.l.u.'  of  iIk- 
(..mtln-iii  anil  w.'st.'iii  M»'a." 

Th.'  .Ion. Is  ..!'  war,  how.'vcf.  w  n-  ;ilo(,niily  ..v.'if»liatl..w- 
in«  Laiioini''.  lMov<.k.'<l  by  thf  ilnroaM  aial  Ottawas.  th.« 
J|..m''sl..n\  sw.)..p»«l  down  ..n  ih.if  \  illaK«'s  an.l  ..Mi.u.d 
tln-ni  t<.  Ily.  l-'nllxT  Manin.'tt."  ('..llowd  his  th'.'ln-i  llnrons 
to  Mirkinaw.  foun.t.Ml  ilu-  niissi..n  of  St.  l-natius  tli.i.', 
uml  bnill  a.-h:.|.-l  \n  KlTl.  This  rn.U'  h.^'  .•hnirh  was  tlu* 
Jii'Mt  sylvan  nhiin.'  rais.ul  by  Cadiolirity  at  Ma.'kinnw. 

Th.<*starol'  ia.i'o  wlii.'h  lit  tip  his  fam-h-.l  patliw.iy  to  lh.» 
-Falh.T  of  Wal.Ts."  n..vv  -.vw  <linK  iHi.l  at  laM  la.h.l  al- 
most onr  of  vi.'w.  Slill  h."  hopil  a..;,inst  l..>p.-.  h.hoi.-< 
„n,on..'  his  Indians,  ami  IViv.ntly  vn>..l  t..  iln-  -Most 
r.h'ss,..l  \ii-in  t.M.btain  for  hin.  iiM>  piivih-e  ol  .lis.-ov.'f^ 
ins  thH  pvat  fivT,  an.l  of  spivadin-  th.'  light  of  tlu'  (-osp.d 
um')m;  th.'  .Insky  inhabitants  (»f  its  banks. 

Two  y.-ai-i  passcl  a'vay:  nn.l  nw  .lay,  kite  in  the  fall  of 
1(573,  aVan.H'  api.roaclu'.i  Ma.-kinaw.  nn.l  lamhd.     It  con 
rain.'il  Mr.  .b'lru't,  a.  Fivnch  Canadian  <;.'ntl.Mnan  of  Ifarn- 

'■  An  Inrtlim  trllu'  from  «li<)in  tliu  Btutt  of  IllliioU.  dcnveit  lU  tuum. 
'  A  JJUHi;  .>t;awtt  Indlun. 


Hrl 


/ 


yAWHn  J.\)fK!  MAnQVKTTK.  fi  /. 


niA 


•i\    (It    il'Vulllt'HiS 

rtf  fnr  til.'  lift 

hv  tl  till-  lllilinlt' 

lllllOHt     il     ll'ilKU"* 

hut  til**  llllnoh, 
•>i'  Vi't  luiinl  of 
y  fiiiply  ill  \  ii- 
In  ill  ('iiliri>iiii:i 
uio<>  do  not  lull 
(>r  jiH  noon  us  WM 
,'  pi'wm  nil',  wlio 

isil      tin-     IliltiolU 

\    to  '>o  ni:iii>  ol' 
liippintNM.    'I'lilf* 
liowit'd^*'  «•?  I  In- 
lily  ,iv«'i'»l;!i(lo\v- 
ind  Otiiiwiis.  (lie 
^»'s  iiuil   oMijivil 
is  tU't'lii';  lliiionM 
l;;imliiiN  llitic, 
;  <'liurch  \v:is  tin' 
MiirUinfi\\. 
I  i.iitliw.iy  to  fli«' 
ilt  lil^l    I'iltNtl  iil- 
st    IkiJh'.  liilioK'd 
fd   to    111''    Mti!*t 
il<'>i('  (tf  (liscovrr- 
^dit  of  tlu;  (iospcl 


Inff  and  ••xiM-ilt-nns  who  had  oidri'*  from  tlh-  Count  d.- 
I'lont.'niw,  (JovKtnor  of  (jinailu.  to  m*  on  th»'  «lhr«>vrjy  »C 
tlM«  Mh-«lmNlpi>i,  tiikInK  KiUJM'i*  .Mai.|»n'ltt»  an  lih  roni!>anh>ii 
nnd  K<i!dM. 

.lollirt  wiiMadnilml.ly  iiu:dill.'d  for  «urh  .1  iv;*;.onsil  l.«  .-n 
t..||.iiHi'.  Ilo  waH  an  <'ain«'«*t  Catholic,  a  nam  of  d.'.'i>  •••ll«- 
ioiiH  (onvii'tlonM,  laid  H\^v^\\  ^.-vi'ial  y.-aix  anionK  'li"  hKliiins 
was  v.'iy  coiiil.M.in  in  all  his  Inf.Mrouis..  uifli  tli.-ni.  wuh 
fhoioiiu'hlyar,|iiaint.'d  wiili  tli.-iiriistoni>*.  and  ^|h.U.'  s.-v.-ia! 
iiidiiui  lanKuanvs.     Hi'sl.h'M,  la-  wan  u  iiiTM.n  ol  nndaiintiMJ 

con  rap'. 

Katlar  \rav<in.'ttf  '.vas  tnoiv  than  d.'liuhtt'd.     "Tli.'  Day 

of  ih<>  linn iiliit"'  CoiHTpiion  ol'  lla-  lilrs«,.d  \  iixiu."   I"' 

wiil.s.  "\vh.*»ni  I  had  always  hivoUfd  mIik-o  I  liavo  Ih-'Ii  in 
th.'OitawaronntiN,  toohlain  of  (t'od  tht  gran's  lo  Ih«  al.hi 
to  visit  tin'  naiions  on  tli.'  Missi,sH^)i)l,  wm  ia  'nii.-ally  that, 
on  wliifh  Mr.  .lollii't  airiv.'d. 

"I  was  111*  nioiv  t'liiaptiiivd  a'  this  K""'^  ""'^^'^  "^  ^  ^"^*' 
niv  <l<'Hi,iins  '  II  the  point  of  lifiiiK  st<'<'<>'npllslii'd,  nnd  inysflf 
in*  (la-  hiipi-y  n»!«'«'SMity  of  I'xitosinu;  my  lllr  for  tla-  salva- 
tion of  all  ihi'st-  niitioiH,  Oar  j.y  at  hi'iii'j;  chos^i  for  this 
t'lilfrpiise  swi'i'tftu'd  I  In'  Inlmr  of  paddliiiL?  fron<  morninj: 
till  nijiht.  As  w«»  wi'fo  K"'"'J^  t"  ^'''"1^  iinUnown  ronntri«'»< 
we  took  all  possjlih'  ))ivra  lit  ions,  that  if  «air  intcrprist*  was 
hn/.ardi;iis  it  should  not  lie  I'of.lhardy.  For  this  ivason  wv 
n:!itin"(''  ill!  possihlf  infonnation  from  tla-  Indians  who 
had  rn'4iif'nti'd  those  parts.  We  «'V«'n  traced  a  ma))  of  all 
th"  n"w  country,  markin'f  dnwa  the  rivers  on  whirli  wo 
M'ore  to  wiil,  the  names  of  the  n-dions  ihroiiKli  which  wo 
were  to  ]v.;.^,  and  the  coulee  <.f  tho  great  rivei  " 


late  in  tho  fall  of 

Innded.     It  con 

ritleinan  of  learn- 


;: 


i 


I 


i 


CIIAPTETin. 

IKIW    Tin;    MISSISSIIM'I    WAS   DIsrOVKRKD. 

TJteftnal  prcjtn raf ions'— F/'/sf  jxni  of  the pathiniy—Jo}) 
(if  (II I  Clin  If  tin  Miy.sissi]>i>i~The  eventful  roi/oije  down 
the  niiijlitif  stream— Haiti nij  at  the  Arlcansas—The 
'rein  in. 

On  tliH  17th  of  May,  Fatlicr  :^rarqtlt•tt^^  "SW.  -Tollict,  and 
five  nuMi  set  forth  in  two  birch-baik  canoes  in  swucii  of  the 
groat  Mississijijii.  Tliey  took  with  them  some  Indian  coin 
and  jerlvod  meat;  but  they  were  to  live  maiidy  npon  sncli 
food  as  could  be  obtained  by  the  way,  Tlieir  nimble  i.ad- 
dies  cut  the  bright  surface  of  Lake  ^licliigan,  and  soon 
(Jreen  Bay  was  leached.  Hei'e,  writes  Father  Mar(|uette, 
"I  i)ut  our  voyage  under  the  piotection  of  tlie  Blessed 
A'irgin  Ininiaculate,  promising  lier  that  if  she  did  us  the 
grace  to  discover  the  great  river,  I  would  give  it  the  name  of 

ronce]itioi\." 

The  little  band  of  haidy  explorers  now  ])roreeded  up^the 
Fox  river,  a  shallow  stream  which  ilows  into  (ireen  ]?ay. 
They  made  about  thirty  miles  a  day.  Kach  night  they 
selected  some  stiitable  spot  for  encampment.  Upon  a  dry 
and  grassv  mound  thev  could  speedily,  with  their  sharp 
axes,  construct  a  hut  wiiich  would  protect  them  from  the 
weather.  Carefidly  smoothing  down  the  floor,  they  spread 
over  it  their  ample  couch  of  furs.  Fish  could  be  taken  in 
abundance.  The  forest  was  filled  with  game.  An  inuiiense 
lire,  blazing  before  the  open  side  of  the  hut,  gave  warmth, 
and  illumined  the  wild  scene  with  almost  the  brilliancy  of 
noonday.  There  the  travelers  joyously  cooked  their  sup- 
pers, and  ate  the  well-earned  meal  with  appetites  which 
rendered  the   feast    more   luxurious  to  them  than    any 

^      me 


1 


FATincnjA.m-:-'^  maiku'ette,  s.j. 


r.l7 


ED. 

tlhw(iy—Jo}f 
('o>/<i(jt'  (htini 
mnmi^—Tlie 

\  .Tollii't,  and 
■<wii('ii  (»r  fhe 

Indian  vuvn 
y  npdii  siuh 

niniitlc  jiacl- 
111,  and  .soon 
r  Maicpn^te, 

the  Blessed 
p  did  ns  tlie 
it  the  name  of 

eeded  np  the 
)  (ireen  l?ay. 
h  ni<i]it  they 

Upon  a  dry 
1  tlieir  sharp 
lem  from  the 
•,  they  spread 
I  be  taken  in 

An  immense 
T;ave  warmth, 

brilliancy  of 
ed  their  snp- 
letites  which 
m  than    any 


fronrmaml  at  I)eliiu)ni<'(.'s  ]»n>bably  ever  enjoyed.  Niuiit 
pinyiTS  closed  the  day  ol'  Inil,  and  after  a  hlessin.l-'  calleil 
d,.\vM  iVom  ll.-aven  by" Father  Manpietle,  all  sank  to  rein.se. 

Al't.-r  r(.ll(»\vin,u'tlieFox  |{iver  forniany  a  lea,uiie.  it  brou.iilit 
thi'iii  at  last  to  the  i)i)rta,u-e  ;  where,  al'trr  canyiii.u'  their 
ciiiiDes  a  mile  and  a  hall'  ov.-r  Ih."  prairie  miuI  thr-.n-h  the 
marsh,  tli.'y  lannched  tli.'m  on  the  Wisconsin,  bade  faic- 
wrll  to  th.'  waters  that  llowed  to  tli.'  St.  Lawrence,  and 
committed  Iheaisclves  to  tli'  c  irrt'iit  tlml  was  to  Itear  them 
they  knew  not  whilluT  perhaps  to  the  (Jiili'  of  Mexico, 
l)er"hai.s  to  the  Pacific  Oc-an.  Aft<'r  sailin.ii-  <l<»\ni  the  Wis- 
consin, they  ^ilided  intoihe  loni3;-desired  Mississippi,  which, 
says  Father  .Nfaripiette,  "we  safely  4'ntered  on  the  17th  of 
June,  with  a  joy  that  \  cannot  exiiress."' 

The  I'oUowin.u;  descripti(.n  of  this  lirst  and  most  famous 
voya-e  down  the  ]\rississippi  is  taken  chielly  from  Tark- 
man's  "  In-rovery  of  the  (Jreat  West."  and  Maripiette'n 
owi\  "Narrative."'"  Tnrninu'  son  th  ward,  they  beunn  pad- 
dliii-  down  the  mi.uhty  stream,  thron.nh  a.  solitM<le  nnre- 
lieved  bv  the  faintest  trace  of  man.  A  lar-v  tish,  seem- 
inuly  (me  of  tlie  larire  cat-iish  of  the  Mississipi>i,  l)lnndered 
a^'aiiist  the  pri<'st\",  canoe  with  a  force  which  seems  to  have 
shiUled  him;  and  once,  as  they  drew  in  their  net,  they 
can-iht  a  "'spadf^-lish,"  whose  eccentric  appearance  <;reatly 
astonished  tliem 

At  lenuth  the  bnlTalo  bei^an  to  appear,  irrazinjj;  in  herds 
on  the  jiivat  prairies  which  then  borderetl  Die  river,  and 
Father  Mar(piette  decribes  the  tierce  and  stnpid  look  of 
the  old  bnlls,  as  they  stared  at  the  intrnders  thron^di  the 
tangled  mane  which  nearly  blinded  them. 

They  advanced  with  extreme  cantion.  landed  at  niirlit 
and  made  a  tire  to  cook  their  evening  meal-,  then  extin- 
gnished  H,  embarked  again,  i)a(ldled  some  way  farther, 
and  anchored  in  the  stream,  keeping  a  man  on  watch  till 
morning.  They  had  j(»nrneyed  more  than  a  fortnight  with- 
ont  meeting  a  hnnian  being,  when,  on  the  i?r)th,  they  dis- 


'  To  be  found  hi  Slieu'e  "  Discovfry  auU  E.\i)lorutlon  of  the  Mis-sissippl. 


C18 


FATHKii  JAMics  .VMiQiirrn:,  S.  J. 


C(»v»'i'0(l  foot- print;;  of  iiicii  in  the  niml  <»f  flif  w<>st('rii  liiink, 
au.l  ii  Wfll  tntddtMi  piitU  that  IM  to  tin- Mfljiict-ni  i.nmit.'. 

Fiiliiri' Maniufttc  and  Mr.  .lollift  ivsolvcd  to  I'oUow  llii.-T 
])!illi,  iiiul  Ifi.vini;'  the  ciinot's  in  rimrii;'  ol'  tlicir  nifn,  llic 
two  «»'!  out  oil  tlicif  lia/.iirdoiis  advcntnro.  'I'lu'  day  \va^^ 
fair,  and  tluy  walked  two  Ica^uos  in  silence,  following;'  tlm 
]iuth  tlii'on;;-li  the  I'oivst  and  acro.sH  tlic  sunny  i>i'diie,  till 
tilt  y  disci )veied  an  Indian  village  on  tli :;  banks  of  a  river, 
tuul  two  otheri-  on  a  hill  half  a  league  di:;tant.  Now,  with 
beat ini;' hearts,  tiny  inv<;l;ed  tlie  aid  of  IFeaven.  and  a.iiain 
udvancin<x,  canu,  so  near  withont  l)ein,ij,'  seen  tliat  they  coidd 
hear  tiie  voices  vi  the  .".uvages  aiaun<i'tlK!  Wigwanis. 

TIr'ii  the  .b'snit  and  las  cenipanion  stood  forth  in  ftdl 
view,  and  slioiited,  to  attract  attention.  There  was  a  gi'eat 
commotion  in  tlio  village.  The  inmatej  swarmed  out  ot 
their  huts,  and  four  of  their  chief  nn'U  jaesently  canu^  for- 
■srard  to  meet  th(.  strangers,  advancing  very  delil)erateiy, 
and  holdin!5  up  towards  th;^  sun  two  calumets,  or  peace- 
pipes,  di'corated  Avith  feathers.  They  sto]>iied  abrui)lly  be- 
fore the  two  Fr(>a(;hi.ien,  and  stooil  gazing  at  them  with  at- 
tention; l)nt  w  ithout  speaking  a  U(ml. 

Father  Marcpu^tte  was  much  relieved  on  seeing  tlnit  they 
wore  French  chtth,  whence  he  judged  that  they  must  be 
friends  and  allies,  lie  broke  the  silence,  aiid  asked  them 
uho  they  were,  whereupon  they  answered  that  they  were 
Illinois,  and  olfered  the  pip.e,  which  having  been  duly 
smoked,  they  all  went  together  to  the  village. 

Here  the  chief  received  the  travellers  after  a  singular 
fashion,  meant  to  do  them  great  honor.  lie  stood  stark 
naked  at  the  door  of  a  large  wigwam,  holding  np  b)th 
hands,  as  if  to  shield  his  eyes.  "Frenchmen,'"  he  ex- 
claimed, "how  bright  the  sun  shines  when  yon  come  to 
visit  ns!     All  our  village  awaits  you;  and  yon  shall  enter 


our  wigwams  in  peace."  He  then  led  them  into  his  own, 
which  was  crowded  to  suir-cation  with  savages,  staring  at 
their  guests  in  silence. 

Having  smoked  with  the  chiefs  and  old  men,  the  two 
strangers  were  invited  to  visit  the  great  chief  of  all  the   II- 


FATIIHIi  ./.l.VA's'  MAUQVKTm  S.  J, 


&I0 


ivcstcrii  liiiiik, 
fill  itiauie. 
to  I'ldldw  thi.-- 
lii'ir  lut'ii,  ili( 
Tia'  (lay  wiiM 
rdllowilii!,'  tlin 
ly  pi'.iiiif,  I  ill 
ks  (if  a  iiv(.'r, 
!,  Js'ow,  witk 
en,  and  a,i;aiu 
lat  they  coiikl 

iillllS. 

loitli  in  I'nll 
I'e  ^vas  a  .u'l'cat 
iinu'd  out  vi 
itly  canic  I'or- 
,•  (k'lilx'iatcly, 
its,  or  pcace- 
d  a))nii)lly  be- 
them  with  ai- 
ding tliat  tlioy 
llicy  must  Ik; 
d  asked  them 
hat  I  hey  ^vt-'le 
]<X   keen   duly 

ter  II  sin.iiulav 
le  stood  slai'k 
ding  lip  bjtk 


men 


he   ex- 

you  come  to 

ju  shall  enter 

into  his  own, 

ges,    staring  at 

men,  the  two 
:  of  all  th(j   Il- 


linois, at  on.^  of  tho  villages  th(^y  had  seen  m  the  dis  ance ; 
n],d  thither  tkev  i.ro.vede(k  followed  by  a  throng  ol  war- 
riors, s.iuaws,  and  ckiid.en.  On  arrl^ing,  tl.ey  wvre  lony.l 
to  smoke  again,  and  listen  to  a  speech  of  welcome  In-m  tlu^ 
great  ciiiei;  wko  delivered  it  standing  between  two  old  n.en, 

naked  like  himself.  ,.  .,      .  -i 

His  i.Mi..e  was  crowded  with  the  dignitanes  of  the  tribe, 
whom  FaHier  Man|u.-1  te  address.-d  in  Algonquin  announc- 
in-  himself  as  a  messenger  sent  ])y  the  (iod  who  ha.  nrade 
them;  and  whom  it  behooved  them  to  recognr/e  and  ob.^y 
lie  added  a  few  words  t.mching  the  power  and  gk.ry  ol 
tlm  Count  de  Frontenac,  and  conclu.h'd  by  aski.ig  mtornui- 
tion  conceiidng  the  Missis^ip;Vi  and  tht:  trdx'S  a.ong  it« 
banks,  whom  he  was  on  his  way  to  visit. 

The  chief  replied  wiiii  a  sp -ech  of  compknu-nt- assur- 
ing his  guests  that  their  presence  added  Ikivor  to  his  to- 
bacco, made  tlKMiver  more  culm,  the  sky  mon.'  smm.^  and 
the  earth  m.ne  ]).>aurif.d.  In  conckislcm  he  gave  them  an 
all-mvsterions  calum.^t,  beg-ing  them  i't  the  same  time  to 
aban(k)n  tkeir  purpose  of  des(;ending  tkf  Mississippi. 

Father  .Nkirquette  describes  this  calumet  as  "made  ot 
p..disked  red-stone,  like  marl)l(>,  so  pi(>rced  that  one  end 
serves  to  hold  the  tob:icco,  while  the  other  is  fastened  on  th(; 
stem,  which  is  a  stick  two  feet  long,  as  thick  as  a  common 
cane,  and  pierc(:'d  in  th.i  midlh^  Tt  is  ornamented  with 
the  head  and  m-ck  of  dilferent  birds  of  beautiful  plumage; 
they  also  add  large  feathers  of  green,  red,  and  other  colors, 
witii  which  it  is  all  covered." 

The  harangue  and  presentation  of  the  calumet  was  lol- 
lowed  bv  a  great  k'ast  of  four  conises.  Father  Mai(pmtte, 
as  one  ol'  the  guests,  has  left  a  most  graphic  description  of 
the  ceremony.  '^This  ccmncil,"  he  says,  "was  followed 
by  a  fn-eat  feast  that  consisted  of  four  courses,  which  we  had 
to  take  with  all  their  ways.  The  first  course  was  a  great 
wooden  dish  of  saganimity-lndian  meal  boded  in  ^vater, 
and  seasoned  with  grease.  The  master  of  ceremonies,  with 
a  spo(mful  of  saganimity,  presented  it  thre.>  or  four  tnm^s  to 
mv  mouth,  as  we  would  do  with  a  little  child,     lie  did  tke 


wo 


r. Mil  HI!  JAMKS  MMiQVirnK.  .v  J. 


iji'/ 


siTMc  ti>  >fr  Inllii'r  l''(»rii  scvoji'l  ('(iiiisc  he  l)i'(iu^''lit  in  a 
;<<M(>ii(i  dish  cniilainiii;,'  tlitfi'  lisli;  lie  tnok  somn  j>;iiiis  to  ri'- 
lliovf  Hie  hont'S,  Mtld  lltivill'i;  hlowil  lll'nil  ii  hi  cnoj  it,  jtllt  it 
in  Tiiy  month,  as  we  wonhl  food  ton  bird.  ViW  tlic  tliiid 
<'oni'st'.  I  hey  pi'otlnn'd  a  l:irix.  (lo;j;  which  tlwy  hsid  Jnsi, 
liillcd,  I)nt  ji'-wniii^'  tliat  we  did  not  rat  il,  it  was  with- 
diawii.  I'Mnally.  the  ronrtli  conisi'  was  a  |iicc»'  ol  wild  (»\, 
tlif  fattt'st  ixntions  ol'  which  were  jait  into  mii'  niontliH." 

This  conclndcd  the  cnlcrtainnirnt.  Tlu'  ci'owd  having'  dis- 
persed, hnlValo  I'dhcs  were  spiead  on  Ihe  li'vonnd,  i.nd  I'^alhei" 
Maiqnetle  and  Mi-,  .loliic  t  .speiil  tln'  iii.;ht  on  t!n,'  scene  ol' 
til*' hitc  iV'stivity.  In  tlie  nioiiiinn'  the  ciii;'f,  witli  some  six 
liundnd  of  Ins  wani(»rs,  escorted  them  lo  llieir  canoes,  and 
bade  them,  after  their  stolid  fasliion,  a  fiiiiidlv  far<'well. 

A;L!:aln  the  travelers  were  on  their  way,  sk»wly  driftinij; 
down  the  gieat  river,  'i'hey  ^iassed  ihe  luonlli  of  the  Illi- 
nois, an-l  .iiii(h'd  hem-atli  that  line  of  locks  on  the  easiern 
side,  cnt  into  fantastic  forms,  and  niarkeil  as  "The  IJnined 
Castles""  on  soni;'  of  llu'  earlv  French  mai.s.  I'resenllv 
tlu-y  Itelield  a  siyiit  wliich  icndndid  them  tliat  the  devil 
was  still  lord  iciranionnt  of  tliis  wildeiiiess. 

On  IIk'  liar  face  df  a  hi.uli  rock  a'  ere  ]»ainted  in  \v{\.  l>lack 
and  green  a  pair  of  monsters— each,  says  Father  Marqnetie, 
'•as  lai'.ge  as  a  caif,  with  horns  likeii  lieer,  led  eyes,  a  beard 
like  u  tiger,  and  a  friglil  fnl  expression  of  conntenaniv.  Tho 
face  i;-j  something  like  that  of  a  man,  the  boiiy  covered  with 
scales;  and  the  tail  so  long  that  it  passes  entirely  aionnd 
the  bod)',  over  the  head  and  between  ihe  legs,  ending  like 
that  of  a  tisb."'  Such  wi-re  the  Indian  gods,  ailoied  two 
centnries  ago  on  the  banks  (jf  the  Mississippi.' 

As  they  jdied  their  paddles,  talking  of  the  frightful-look- 
ing figures  on  the   rock,  they  were   siuldeiily  aroused  by  a 

'  The  rork  wluri'  Ilic^i-  llu'iiri's  wire  iiiiiiitcil  N  imiiiiili.ilily  iilxivc-  tin-  clly  of  Alton.  Tlii'  Irii- 
flition  of  tlicir  cxi-li'iicc  riinMiii>'.  Ili(iiii;li  Ilii'V  iiri'  viilii'i'ly  clViiiTd 'rv  tiiin'.  In  IHii;,  wlirii  I 
l)ll^<^^■^I  tlir  pliu'i',  u  p:'rt  of  ilic  rock  liail  liwii  (■arricil  awiiy.  aii.l  i'lslrail  of  Miii<|iH'IH''s  nion- 
fliT".  it  liorc  u  lii|._'i>  ailMTtiM'ini'iit  of  "  I'linitalioii  llidvi's,"  .Sonic  years  a;;o,  ccrlain  iicr.-iin.-i, 
with  nu>rc  zeal  than  knowled^rc,  proposed  to  restore  tlie  llL;nrcs,  iifler  conccpiions  of  tlieirown; 
1)111  the  idiM  was  alia,, doncil.  .Maniuette  made  u  Uruwing  of  the  IHu  moustcri-,  but  it  is  luat.— 
I'arkiiutii,  "  The  lJlscui\nj  uj'lUu  O'lcut  W'tet." 


l)i'(Hi^Mit  ill  u 
It?  jciiiis  to  n»- 
i-ool  it,  put  it 
[•'or  tlu>  til  ill  I 
it'y   liiid  just, 

it  wiiA  willi- 
«*  of  wild  ox, 

11'  IIKilltll}:*." 

al  liiiviiif?  (lis- 
(1,  !«;i(l  l'\i(lifr 

I  till'   scrlif  ol! 

wiili  sonic  six 
ir  (•;iii(p('s,  iiiul 
y  f.ircucll. 

owly  drift iiiij; 
111  o'r  I  lie  llli- 
)ii  the  I'iisicrn 
"  riic  IJiiincd 
,s.  I'lcscnlly 
liiit  tlic  devil 

1  in  led,  M:ick 
IT  MiirqiM'ttt', 
.  eyes,  a  lirard 
N'liaiuv.  'i'liD 
■  I'ovi'ivd  with 
itiiely  aioiiiul 
s,  fiidiii.u:  liku 
s,  adoicd  two 

'riglitfuMook- 
!i roused  by  ji 

ly  of  Alton.    Tlic  Irii- 

nil'.      Ill    IHI'iT.  wlll'll    I 

of  Miii(|iMiH''s  nion- 
i  a;;ii,  ii  rl.iiii  pi'i'MiiH, 
ccpliolis  of  tliiir  own; 
lustcrij,  but  it  is  luat.— 


FATm:i!  .JAm:s  .^tAUQi'i^rm  .«?.  J. 


rm 


.. ,.,,  ,1.,,,,,,.,  \  f,.rr  :.nt  of  nuid  nisl.-il  fiiri  ..isly  niToss  tiio 
,,.,|„,  l.liniM.rr.Mitol'  the    .\Iis.dssii.pi:  l.oiliii-and  siir,u:ni,r 

,,,,.s  TlI..vl.i.d.v:..'l.i.:lil...n.oMtliof  th..Miv..:mn  whir. 
,,ut  sav:.^..\ivvr,  d,.sr,.,din^  from  its  n.ad  orivr  through 
a  v;.sl  i.ukni.Nvni.f  l.:irl.,.nMn.  iMiin;d  its  l.nl.id  ll^.^ds  into 
tlic  l.t)soin  of  its  jiviitln  sister. 

Thfir  liirht  ciinoes  whirl.-d   on  tlu'   miry  vori,.::.    ik-  .Irj 
l.avi.s  on  im  an.^ry  l.ro.-k.     -  1   MLvrr/'  '.vriti-s  l-alh-T  Mai- 
„„..ttiN    -saw  anvthiim'   moiv    t.-rrilii- :       I'Ut    tlii"    l.ard> 
vovt.-vi-   rsca,.rd"with    their    fri.-ht.  :.nd    heM    the.r   way 
do'wii" the  tnil.i.lent  and  swolh'ii  n.rrent  <.f  tli:>  now  uniteu 

'"Thev  inssrd  fhelon-lv  i'orest  tint  covered  tlicsite  .f  tlio 
destined  .-itv  of  St.  Louis,  and  a  f  nv  day  ;  later  sa-v  on  their 
l,,.ffl„.,„„-,l.of  the  stream  to  whicil  the  Iroquois  had 
..•iveu   thcwcU-mciited   name  of  Ohio,  or   the    -  l.cautiiul 


Mivcr" 


Soonfhov  bi-an  to  .,  .  the  marshy  shore,  buried  in  a  dense 
.MTAvth  of  the  cane,  with  Us  tall,  .traiH.t  stems  and  leath- 
"rv  li-dit-reen  folia->.  The  sun  ,<-!owe,'  through  (he  ha/y 
air  uith  'a  lan-iud.  stilling  heat,  ac  I  by  day  and  night 
mosiniitoes  in  myriads  left  them  no  peace,  i  hey  llnated 
down  the  current,  crouched  in  the  shade  of  the  sails  which 
they  hud  spread  as  awnings,  when  suddenly  they  saw  In- 
dians on  the  east  bank. 

The  surprise  was  mutual,  and  e:>ch  paily.  it  seems,  was 
about  as  much  frightened  as  Ihe  other.  Father  .Marquette, 
however,  hastened  to  display  the  calumet  which  the  Illi- 
nois had  dven  liim  bv  way  of  passport;  and  the  savages, 
recognizing  the  paciiic  symbol,  replied  with  un  invitation  to 

hind.  ,      ,, 

".>[en"  siys  Father  ^Farquetto,  '"do  nor  pay  to  tlio 
crowns  iind  scepters  of  kings  the  honor  they  ,  the  Imlmns) 
paytothecalum't:  it  seems  to  be  the  god  of  peace  and 
war,  thoar])iter  of  life  and  death.  Carry  it  about  yr.a  ana 
show  ir,  and  voii  can  march  fearlessly  amid  enemies,  who 
even  in  the  heat  of  battle  lay  down  their  arms  when  it  is 


FArnr.n  j.\mi:s  MMiQirniK,  s. ./. 


ihowii.    Tlu'V  iis<»  if  for  st'tlliii.u'  (lis|»utt's,  stivnirtliciiiim-  .\] 
luimt's.  jiinl  siH'iikiim  In  sti;iii,uv;.s." 

Kvidciiily  fliosi'  linliiiuswcniiii  (MinmiiiiitMlioii  wiili  lliiio- 
])('!iiis,  I'ltr  tli.'y  wt-r  •  aniifil  with  ;iiins.  knives  :iim1  li:ii<  Ih'Is, 
Wdh' yarmt'iits  ol"  cldtii,  and  (Miiicil  tlicir  ;iiiii|(i\v(l('r  in 
fltnall  Ixitll.'-^  of  tiiii  !\  ;;lass.  Tlu'v  rcast<'(l  ilic  \uU'>\  u\ul 
Iiis  ('(tmpaniniis  with  Itiillalo-iiH'at,  bear's  oil,  and  uliiie 
pliinis;  and  uave  ilieai  avaiiely  of  d)iil.irul  inroiniafion, 
incjndin,!;'  liio  iigreealde  but  delnsi\  .<  assurance  tliat  tliev 
uoulil  reach  file  nioniliol'  tiie  jiver  i:i  ten  days.  It  was 
btill,  in  I'acf,  more  tlian  a  tliousand  n\iles  distant. 

Tlie  voya,:j,'er:j  iield  on  tlieir  cour.-e,  and  a^'ain  lloafed  down 
file  endless  monotony  ot  river,  marsh,  •ind  I'oresi.  I>ay 
after  day  jiass(>d  on  in  its  ;;olitude,  and  they  had  paddled 
some  three  hun<lreil  miles  .since  their  last  meetin,";'  'vjth  tluj 
Indians,  when,  as  they  iieared  the  mouth  of  the  Aikansa.s, 
they  saw  a  cluster  of  wii-wams  on  fho  west  bank.  Tiieir 
dusky  inir.ate.s  wei'e  all  astir,  yellin^^  tin?  war-whooj), 
gnatchin;;'  their  weapons,  and  running:  to  the  ahore  to  meet 
the  strangers,  who  on  their  part  did  not  fail  to  ask  lleavi-n 
for  assistance." 

It  was,  in  truth,  u  moment  of  peril.  Several  largo  wooden 
canoes,  iilled  with  savages,  were  jiutting  ;;ut  from  the  shore 
nbovoMTid  below  them,  lo<'nt  oil'  their  retreat,  whilea  swarm 
of  headlong  young  warriors  waded  in^)  the  water  to  attack 
them.  The  cuirent  proved  too  strong:  and,  failing  to  reach 
the  canoes  of  the  Frenchmen,  one  of  them  threw  his  war- 
club,  which  Hew  over  the  heads  ot  the  startled  travelers, 

Meanwhile  Father  ^larquetfe  had  n  )t  ceased  to  hold  up 
2iis  calumet,  to  which  the  excited  crowd  gave  no  heed,  but 
strung  their  bows  and  notched  their  arrows  for  immediate 
action;  but  when  at  lengtli  the  ciders  oi  tli"  villi. g- arrived, 
th(\v  saw  the  i>eace-pipe,  and  restraining  the  ardor  ol  the 
yoiith.  they  invited  the  strnn,i;ers  to  c(mi(»  ashore.  The 
priest  and  his  compnr.ions,  with  some  fear,  comj)lied,  and 


•  FatliiT  Mnrnm-tti- wiv  tliiit  lie  imr'ff'l  thi'  n'<l  "f  ""'""  Pi>trom'«-  iinrt  i-'nUlo.  tlir  nics«('.) 
Vir:'ln  iTimvinilnli'.  And  iml.-'d.""  lie  .i.M-,  "  wo  ni'i-lcil  lifr  m\  fur  wo  hoard  from  afiir  '.lie 
^udiuuB  excilliiu  one  auotlur  to  tUc  ccjiuOii.  by  coutimml  jolU." 


.1 


'J7-'  • 


JWTIIl'U  .f.\}rFS  MAWiVKTTK.  P.  -l 


fc';j 


n;j;tln'iiiii,u'  al 

»ii  with  IluiO' 
iind  li!il(  lii't  s 
iiiii  uwdcr  ih 
It'  priest  Jilid 
I,  iiiid  uliiic 
iiit'oi-iiiatiuii, 
jcc  tliiit  tlicy 
hi  vs.  It  \v;is 
lit. 

lloatcd  down 
roifsi.  I>;iy 
liiid  ]iaddlt'd 
'tiii^'  •vitli  the 
!»♦'  Arkaiisa.s, 
bank,  'i'lit'ii' 
wai-wlKM)}), 
dioiv  to  intM.'t 
J  ask  lleavon 

1  a  r^o  wooden 

I'oni  the  siiorci 

.vhih-a  swaviii 

iter  to  attack 

lilinii;  toivacli 

iirew  his  war- 

.  tiaveh'i's, 

(1  to  hold  up 

no  heed,  but 

for  ininiediate 

ilh.^-Mirrived, 

ardor  ot  the 

ashore.    The 

foinplled,  and 

inrt  ijniilo.  flir  nicHWiI 
heard  from  afsi.-  '.lie 


funnd  a  better  r pti.M.  than  Ih.'V  Imd  reason  to  oxp.'.'t. 

(„„.  .,,•  ,|„.  l,„li:,ns  spoke  a  little  llliiu.is.  iiud  served  as  m- 
teip.eter'  A  iiien-Hv  eunreieiice'  uas  I'ollowed  by  a  least 
<.r  ;:,.;„nit..  and  lish  ;  and  the  t,,,velle,s.  nut.  however,  with- 
ontsoie  nns.^ivii.us.  spent  the  ni-ht  in  the  h.dues  ol  then' 
dnskv  entertainers. 

K:,:lv  In  the  n.oinin-  they  enibjuked  a,u;iiii.  mid  pn-n.ede.l 

to,,  viih.u' 'the  .Vrkansastiibe.  about  eid.l  Ie:.u,,es  below. 

^oti( r  Ih.'ir  rondnt;wi.H  sent  bei'nn-  tlien.   by  their  VaW. 

h..sts;  and,  .,^  lia'y  di-u  near,  they  w..|e  n.ei  by  a  .•aiioe, 
i„  ,i,e  prow  or  whieh  sto.Ml  a  nake.l  personaue.  hohliiii;-  a 
calMniet.  sinuin-  and  makii;-  .uvsfnivs  ol'  friend>liip. 

On  reaehinu  tlie  villa-e,  wideli  was  on  the  .-ast  si.h-,  oppo- 
site the  month  of  the  lllver  Arkansas,  they  were  e..ndncted  to 

asort  ol'  sealVold  bel'orethe  lod-eoi' the  war-ehief.      The  space 

Ivneath  had  been  ].rep'nv<l  for  their  r pii'-n,  tlie  -round 

oein-  neatlv  covered  with  rush  mats.     On  tlies..  they  wen^ 
wated  ;  the  wairiors  sat  around  Iheiu  in  a  senn.-ircle  ;  then 
theehh-rsof   tlie  tril)e,  then  I  lie  proiniscuoiis  .-rowd  of  rd- 
hi-ers.  standin.u-  and  starin.u,'  over  llie  heads  of  the  more  dig- 
nijied  inenibers  of  the  assembly. 

All  th.'  nii'ii  weiv  naked;  but,  no  th-ubt  b)  compensate 
for  the  lack  of  clothin!--.  they  wore  striu-s  of  beads  in  their 
noses  ami  ears.  The  worn  mi  were  clothed  in  shabby  .skins, 
vvA  wore  their  hair  cliimpi'd  in  a  iiii^s  behind  each  ear.  By 
good  hu-k,  there  was  a  yoiin-'  Indian  in  th.>  villa-v  who 
had  an  excellent  knowledge  of  Illinois;  and  through  him 
Father  "Marquette  endeavt.red  to  explain  tla;  mysteries  of 
Christianity,  and  to  gain  information  c(.ucerning  the  river 

below.^ 

To  this  end  tho  illnstrlons  missionary  gave  his  rucU'  amli- 


1  Fallicr  Maniu.ltL.  IkwI  M.l.ln>s,.,l  ll,.™  ii>  ./,.■  Indlnii  lananng.'S  no  e  .,t  «hiHi  lliry  .m.UT- 

"T.V-n.rv  luTfrrllv  nn,l.r>I...Ml  our  m.^nninL'."  writ-*  FatluT  ManiiiHt...  "  Imt  I  kiu.w  lU.t 
,vlu.tl„.  li.rv  niHlcr-t.MMl  wlmt  1  tnl,l  tlirm  ,.f  (iw,l.  mwl  111.'  tl.in->  wUiHi  ,„n,cm..,l  .l»lr  silya- 
ti,m  It  i-i'i  siTd  ca-t  intlie  .■.irll,,  ahi.l,  will  iMar  it-  fruit  li.  xraMU,."  Truly  ,,r(.plutic  «..i,N  I 
a  '•  Thruu.l,  l.ini,"  writ...  Tatlin.  Manpu-ttr.  "I  lltM  s,.„k.-  tn tl>r  asM.,»l.l,v  l.y  tlir  ..nlinar.v  pirs- 
,.nls.  TlM.y  a.l.uirc.l  what  1  uM  tluf.  nUM  au.l  ll,..my,klics  of  UiuUoli  l.aitli.aua  :jhuwta 
u  yrtat  dcsiru  tu  Ufup  luc  with  Ibcia  tuiuslrucUUi.m," 


f 


11 


rm 


i\:t:.!:i:j.\.vi:s  .M.\i:fjn:in:.  r ./. 


■  5   i  !  *. 


(.)is  III;'  T»rr'i"nH  Imli'-prii.  mMc  i>u  micIi  (•(•••n''!niis,  luit  rn- 
n-ivi-'l  Very  liitlf  iti  ivtiiin.  '\'\n'y  lnlii  hini  iluii  ili  •  Mi.s.si>*- 
s"ili|ii  WM.s  iiil'i'.'-ii 'I  !iy  liii.til  •  iii(li:iii^,  jiiimd  villi  ;,,iiii.s  pid- 
niiril  riMiiiwIiht  iii>  ii;  iimlliiiit  IIhn  I  In- .vi  k;iii>;i^  ^t^ml 
ii,  Mil  !i  iV:ii- ol'  till  i:i  tliiit  tliry  (liu\  (!  not  lumi  ili  '  I>iif1'iili>, 
{.lit  \\t  rt'  f«>r<'('(l  |(,  Il\  uii  liKliaii  cuii.,  ul'  uhicli  tln'\  lui.Mil 
tlin'c  (  rnits  ii  yvi".. 

r'mliiv;  til.  :  [PI ccIk  4  on  cn-h  -i<li'.  rmid  uns  linnnJif  in 
wiiliciit  rciisiii;';.  ^'l  iiictiint  ?.  it  wis  n  ihillir  nf  Mi_>,;imikJ  or 
I.iiisli;  s(;iii>  fii'cs  it  was  (dill  lidilcd  wliolc;  and  ;  (  iiK'tiMics 
it  was  tiiiii"  clu.icof  d's'i  iv  roastrcj  (jnu'.  Tlu'  \illa,ufi'.s 
liad  lar;;c<'tirllan  pot  .;.ftd  ^l.tlcis.  madi-liy  tlicm-i  Im-  witli 
t()lcr:d)l'j  »Uil!'  llicy  liiid  *i!s'.  Imtcln'ls,  Uiiivrs.  ai.d  Leads, 
.'rjiiiird  liy  lr.i(;i«  wifi:  l'..  ,  '. .'.iiioi;'  ai.>.  uliwr  nil  .'s  in  I'oii- 
tai  t  wit.'i  lie  l''iv!icli  and  Siiaiii::ids. 

,\!i  day  llici.'  was  iVtivtiMu-  witlmnt  rcspitis  al'lcr  tl;  ■  m.-!'- 
cilcsa  |)i;!i  tici^  i  !  Indi.,.i  lio-jiiuiiity  luii  ai  iii;^iit  soikc  of 
tlicir  diisl;y  iiti  I'taincr.'  ]'r>>|'<'si  d  lo  kill  ..iid  iilnndn-  tlii'iu 
—  ii  liasc  srlicnii'.  wliicii  w^i.^  tldVaicd  I>y  the  vi'iilancc  of  ilic 
(•liit'l*,  wlio  visited  llieir  (jiiaiii'is,  ami  (lanced  the  caluimt 
uan<'<'  to  i'eas.-<;ii\'  i.is  /'iiesis. 

I'atlier  Marijiieit,:  n:id  lii;i  c'Mvani'tnM  now  held  coiiiitI 
r.::  to  wl.at  eoiiis"  (hey  .Oioiild  take.  Tiiey  had  ,uoiie  far 
onoiiL'li.  j'.l;  iliey  llioi^uht,  to  estaMish  one  inipoilanl  iioint  - 
that  the  ^lissisfsipiti  disciiarp'd  itswateis,  not  into  the  At- 
lantic, noi  into  llii' (iiill' f)r  Cnlil'orniii,  luit  into  th(;(iiiir  ol' 

I^Iexico.  T  .,>y  Ili(>ll,ullt  tliei.iseivcs  nearer  to  lis  liioillh  tliail 
;!ley  actlKilly  Avere-  the  distance  lieilii;'  utill  ahoiit  seven 
Inindred  miles;  and  (hey  feared  that  if  they  went  farther, 
they  miiilit  l)e  killed  l)y  Indians  or  captnvcd  by  Si)aniards, 
whereliy  the  n.'siilts  of  their  discoviy  ■vviudd  1  (>  L)st. 
Therefiac  they  resolved  to  r(>tnrn  to  Canada,  aiul  leport 
what  they  had  lieen. 

They  l(>ft  llio  Arkansas  villaue,  and  hciran  their  home- 
ward voyau'c  on  the  l~th  of  .Inly.  It  was  no  easy  task  to 
urge  their  way  upward,  in  tlie  licat  of  midsiimm(>i'.  a,ij;ainst 
tlie  <-urrent  of  the  dark  and  <:looni\'  stream,  toiling'  all  dav 
under  the  parching  sun,  aud  slej.'ping  at  night  in  the exhalu 


nlis, 


U\t 


ro. 


I  III  '  MiN>i?*- 
ill  .mills  pio- 

ilisis  ^t(l(Kl 
III'  l-iilTnlo. 
tlii'V   i:ii><(l 


111  ii:  lit    ill 
MljLillllilU  Ml' 

I  i-i  iiicriMicM 

ln'   \iil;i,Ufl.s 

llM'h  t  -  w  itil 

iii;<l  lifutls, 

Ha'S    ill  Cdll- 


•rll;i 


111- 


s(ili;i'  (> 


liimlt'i'  tlii'in 
il:iii('(>  (if  till' 
llio  caliiiiH't 


■111 


rdiiiivc 


:i([   ,U(>!i<'    liir 

laiil  imiiil    - 

into  tlir  At- 

the  (iiiir  ill' 

IIHIIltll    tllilll 

ahoilt    seven 

■«,'nt  I'll  It  her. 

v  Si»;ini!irils, 

Id    Ic    lust. 

ami  it'poit 

tlu'ir  lionie- 
I'asy  task  to 
laei'.  a,i:ainst 
linn'  all  (lav 
1  the  exliaivi 


tinnsonlleimulinlesome>.lli  |e.  nlil.  lll-imno 


tlieir  liirt'lieii  vexMi 


Is.  alielK I    "11    'I"'   •■'^'■'■'      •■'"''"'' 


W  foMfllH'S  of 

Mar. 


(|in'lle  waM 


llaeked  wilinlv-'enlei  \ 


LanuiiiilaiKi  \sell  ni;:li 


jielt 


I.   iIk'  meat    liii->i"liai\  iii\' 


UmI  Ills  Heavenly  I'atioii- 


s  (la\  after  ilay,  ma 


ess,  a 
uearv    way 


I   UeiU    alter  UeeU.    llieV    Uoll    llieir 


noil 


Illinois,    ami    enierinu-    i 


huir.l.      Ai      leiiuih.     tli'-y     leaelied     III 

1^    ntoiiih.     f..llii>\ed     its    n.iirs... 

Ill  ii.,  i-laeiil  waters,  its  slia.ly 

1  \s\    ilie  |.i-i>n  ami  the 


i'|i:ir I.    as  th-'.v    \v<'iil.   ^^ ' 

|nri->ts.    and    iis    rieli   jilains.   <:ia/e« 


(|,.(.r.     «ireen   r>a\    was  reai 


hrd    ;it     llie 


■  11,1     111'    Selitenil'er, 


alter  an  a 


hsenre  of  altoiii   I'.-nr  nioiitli'-.  ilniiii 


whiili   liim' 


l|„.y    |i;id    padilled    lllelr  ralioes    smnew 
llioiisaii'l  live  llUlldlvd  miles.' 


hat   na.ie  lliaii  two 


I  I'.iikniMii, 


Ac.  "I 


llii.;  1.1  llr  ••|nil. 


Mf.Mpr  MiMlurll 
ill 


111.'  .11   l,.U'  '.  '.1.1 


I  l-i.',l  li.v  III    ■:ii. 


II;   Illi'-lllllllV)' 


ml  111-  ri.iiiliiiii.in  .liilll.'l  «,!•  'l.W  II 
111  liir.il  W.i.i 
.iliiiMi.  -  ..r  ilil«  lil-i'Ml.'  v'l.viii'  ■.  from  t»T.i)i:.il  .HnTMilliMi 


I,  |„.,„.,i„r.i,.n.iMinrtl„.  rnlMlsiil...  .\ri,i>.l.:i-m.iil.'  tin'  f «li.-  <•' 


r.'I'iil 


lliv  iii<  I' IS  lilMr  i'>lli>.  I''iri.i 


I'iMlll    (lH'I'll 

|.'iiiiii  til..  I'liriii'.'.'  iJ.uMi  111 


Wl-ldll-lll  111  llM-  Vl--I"l|i|'l 


rMiiiiii'. 

IVi     " 


ri-iiiii  iiii'  iiiii'i 


ilmr  III"  Wl-i.iii-lii  I"  111   111 


:lli  111*  111.'  Al^.m-it". 


Vi'ii'ii 


111.'  AlUiiii-.i 


1.1  III.  illllliiU  llhiT. 


rt'iiiii  iiii'  iiiKiii 


li  iif  ilii'  Aik.iii-ii-i"elili'iiL'ii 


Kii.ii 


ilili  ii.;ii  I"  tiU'i  II 


liav,  lij  111!'  l.iKi'  »lii'rr 


tiwr 


flirt 


,U,;>1'J  uiUvt. 


JL 


niAPTKI}  111. 
T?n;  >iiii.iM!:  iMi  (If   \  lit  \i  mil    iin:, 

Fiiili,  r  MiiiifUifh  liii/flliitf  irlfli  tUsiiixi  .1  in  II-  /lu'Mnhot-^ 
Thi  Jntifini/  iihiiiH  Li'hi  Mii/,l,fiii,  M  tin  nifi  t.f 
I'/ilniifii  Aiinmij  llif  Kiis/,,isl,his  Ihlmii  i>J'  lln  »//,y. 
<»/.V(  nil  I  In  n-niflu  Mn,  hi  ini  <i-  -  Tin  htyf  ,l,iifH  nf  Ihr 
iji'ii't  iiihshiiiiiiij  'I'/n  liinnHj'iil  I  ml  His  J'linn  ninl 
r/iilliiifi  I'. 

^\'llilt•  Ml'.  ,liill!(  t  intin'fMlcd  fu  ('jiiiiuhi  f<>  jiiiMixli  ili.> 
lli'ws  of  tli<>  un'Mi  (|i-,nivfrv  li»  tin-  world,  (he  pioiis  jiiul 
liiiiiililt'  M;in|ii('|ic  iviiiiiiiii'd  !it  iJnTii  liiiy  to  jvcniii  his  »  .,. 
Iiiiii^ii'il  siivimili  Im'Toi'i'  rt'iit'wiiiy,'  his  /i-nloiis  htliuiM  imioiio- 
tht'  Indians,  lie  soiiiilit  no  hiiiivls.  lie  jiNjiind  to  no  tin- 
^♦■I  |ii;iisi>. 

The  icniMinin;:,-  jiirl  of  ihc  >|oi.\  ol"  tlit>  ilhisliioiis  mis- 
sioiiiiry's  hiToic  lil'i'  is  slioit  Imt  siihliiii*'.  hniinj;'  the  w in- 
fer jind  siiiinjiof  1(174.  h<' lay  (III  liis  .^ick  coiich,  lh<*  \i(iiiii 
cf  !i  <'(»tn|irn'niion  ol' diseases.  In  lii<' jininniii,  Jioucvcr,  he 
leiiaiiHMl  iiis  Ilea  I  ill  soinewliaf,  and  was  pennilliMlliy  Ids  .sii|)(,'- 
lior  lo  aMcinpr  the  execiitioii  ol'  a  plan  lo  which  lie  was  de. 
votediy  aliadied  the  j'omidiiij>'  tit  tin?  i)riiiri]»a!  town  of  tlio 
Illinois  of  a  mission  lo  lie  called  llic  Iininaciilate  ('oiic('[). 
tion.  a  nanio  »vliie]i  he  liad  already  •iiveii  lo  the  Mississijtjii. 
lie  set  ()!it  on  this  errand  on  the  S2.')th  of  Ocloher.  iicc(»in]»a- 
iiied  by  two  men  named  Peter  and  .lames,  one  of  whom  had 
been  with  liim  on  In's  great  jimrney  of  discovery.  A  band 
of  l*(»ttawaltamirs  and  anotlu-r  band  of  Illinois  also  joined 
liim.  The  united  parties -ten  canoes  in  all  -  followed  \\w 
east  slioiv  of  Given  l^ay,  as  far  as  tli<'  inlet  then  called  Stur- 
geon  Cove,  frcini    the  head    of   whi^'h    tliey   crossed   by   u 


i;, 

'  itttsuhiii  — 

'//(      ft  Hi      lif 

',nfH  „r  tin 

f'illlH      llllif 


iiiMisli  ilio 

piollS    iiiul 

nil  his  »■:,- 
'»>iM  iiiimiijiX 

[  Id   111)  lilt- 

liniis  mis- 
,H"  lln'  s\ ill- 
tint  viciim 
(lucvcr,  li(« 
y  liis  ,sii|i(,'. 

lit'  UilS  (Ic- 

own  of  tlio 
h'  Coiiocp. 
lississip])!. 
.  ii«H'«»iii]ia- 
w'loin  liad 
.     A  l»aTi(l 

llsd  joilifil 
lloUt'cl    tlio 

iillctl  Stur- 
s-st'd  hy  II 


.lilli.nlt    iK.if.ip.  iIuhiikI.  tl.-    foiv^t  «"  «»"'  "'""•"  "^    ''"^*'V 

'^'NuM.miH.r  IumI  n.m...     Tli.-  bil-rlit  In I'  Hm-  a.ihin.n 

folli.uv  U..IV  rl.i.nvr.l  lo  Itisly   hlown.     TIh'  >llol.-  u..^  .l.-n. 
1„„,  ;,n,l   II,..   h.K.-  UiM  Mtnrn.y.     Tli.'y  whv   nioi..   l  inii  u 
„„.„,,,    i„    ruuMiuK   It^   >v.-t..ni    l-onl.-r     Mini   ..I    l-njjfh 
,l,..V  V,.Mrl..-.l   III"    Kivi    l!llir;..4H.  .•Ml.'lr.l    if.  nil.    ll.-.v!..!- . 
„    •,,.„„    „vn   W:.u......       F;..lnT    Mnuiu.lt.-    |lh.'M-.   l.nl 

|.,r,.|v  iviimh-d,  ami  li.inoiilui'^.'  tJow  .'hsui'd.  II"  .'I'l 
his  ivu  n.iiM.iinlnns  flmr  tills  joiiriu-y  uoiiM  I-"  Iim  l.i>f. 
,„   ,,„.  ,,,uailinii   III   ulii.  h   I,.-  XNJi-,  il  ^M>H  iiiii,os..l.lr  to  K" 

*'ltwuHth"ltlM.r  l)-"iiil."iulK.n  ratli  .M:.H|.i"H"i«'M<li"'l 
,lH.  sit"   of   tlH'  sin.v  KI.'lU  rily  of  th"   Wrst.        I."   i-'"     km 
mith.lly    Hos,.a    th..   stivMi...     liis    III,.,,     siiMpI".      ="11.  n 
rompniiint.s.  ...v.  I...I  a  U- Imf.  I.'mim.  and  "Imi-I-    '  "■    '^ 
dw"l!ini.'  :>nd    liisl    H.iiirl,  of  CIiLm^o.     I'n.yiiijt    lo  O m 
\M\    to  .-iial.l"  liini  to  n-tu-h    his  d.-stiimtioii.  ..ir..niifi'  ti" 
IIclv  SaciUi.-"  \vlnn  vrr  his  ill,„..s  iv.,i,iitt.d.  ivrnviii.^'  dH..- 
KatfoiiH  from  Ins  tl-U.  tli"  K:,sUnski:,.    tl,"  uiiit.-r  uan...-. 
auay    in   pioii-    i'o.indaliou    ot    the    ^^\^^^^^    s.tll.nM'iil    at 

^  AVlfh  til"  ni>,.nin-  of  spiiiifi;  tlio  apr-stoUc  man  s».f  onf. 
a„d  his  last  l,'lt..ri,ot..M  his  ,„„.ivss  till  il."  (ill.  of  Ai-ii, 
KIT',  Two  davs  after  !'-•  was  anion-  iIk'  KaskasKta-.  and, 
ivaiini;-  Ills  alia,-  nn  ill.-  pn.iri"  wl.irh  li"s  l."lxvv"n  .  1." 
nivsHittownof  rtlrannd  the  IlliiK.b'  nv.r.  h^  oIThv,!  up 
Hn-  Mass  on  MaMudy  Thursday,  ami  h.'-an  th"  iiistnntion 
o''  th"  willin',-  Inilinns  who  -athnvtl  aio'iial  hmi. 

'  \  lew  dav-s  onlv  weiv allot l.'d  to  him,  whe.,,,  'iltfi  h.ist.'f. 
ho  was  nsMin  stii.'Uen  down.  It  h"  would  die  In  th"  arms 
of  his  brethren  at  Markinaw,  he  saw  that  li"  Minst  depart  at 

o„ for   he   felt    that,   the  days   of   his   s(.|o,irim.u'    w.-re 

rapi.ilv  <-losinj;.  Ks.'orted  by  tlu'  KasUaskias  who  were 
,h,;.,,lv  impressed  by  the  zeal  that  could  so  ball  e  NMlh 
death;  the  niissi,mary  reaehe,!  Lake  Mh-h.-an.  on  ihe  i-a.t- 


'i'urkiiiuii. 


•  ibid. 


iwninii  J.\v^:s  MMtQt  mri-:.  k  ./. 


I'l'ii  ••Mf.  Alili«'U;;li  iliiii  nlmn.  \ui?*  as  ,\''J  unknown,  liti 
fiiiilii'iil  mill  l(imi«lh'*l  lih  «'ii»MM».' 

••|lh  i»n'»'nv'ilt.  bwvw'vtr,  I'liilnl  ^m  n'Mili."  wi.v*  Tiuln'r 
TliiMiMi,  \^  li'MM  \\v  -liiill  innv  fiilliiw  ;  "  tliiit  lih  ni<ii  <lt<«|iiiiu  <l 
of  hiinu  iil'l''  lt>  rnnv»',\    liini  uUvt-  to  tin  if  j.inrn<\ '•«  •ii<l ; 

fr»r  in  fint.  \\v  I iinu'  ho  wt-nk  nn«l  ^o  ••xliiniHiid  ilmt   ln< 

«'onl*t  ,io  loiip'i  Irlp  hiin<4tir.  not'  <'vi>ii  Hllr,  nn<i  hinl  lu  I  •• 
Iiiini!l'''i  iind  niiiiifl  lik.-  ii  rliiM.  II'  'ifVPil In  !<•<"*  ni:iiii- 
tiiini'd  in  this  Mini. •  sin  ininiiial'lf  :• -ijuiiulinn.  joy,  ami  >:•  n. 
ll>'i;<'<<H,  foii^MJin;;  Ills  lit'|o\(i|  t'iiiii|>!inlons.  ninl  t'uniiiiimii'K 
liii'in  to  KiilVci'  roniiip'oiisiy  nil  I  In'  li.iMhliip'^  oi'  this  voy- 
UMi'.  UMMiiin^r  fii»'ni  liiill  Oni'  I.omI  w mid  tmi  rni'^iiUf  iLi-ni 
when  Ih'  uiis  'ioiii'. 

••Ii  \MH  ilnrinu  lliin  nnviuation  tliat  Im'  iM'jrnn  to  pr^jmro 
rnoft'  |iailirMlni'y  foi-  ileal h  piis-^inu;  IiIh  finu'  in  rollocjuii-H 
Willi  our  Lunl.  wiili  llis  holy  MotluT.  wifli  his  aiip-l  jiuai- 
(liaii.  or  will)  :ill  lli'iiM  u.  I|i>  was  ol'ti n  iii'niil  |irniiouni-iiii{ 
llii'M-  words:  'I  liflii'vo  limi  my  iJidi'i-nii'r  livilli,'  of 
'Mary.  Moilicr  of  ^rac*',  Motiicr  oHJod.  lenn'inlier  nu'. ' 

'•  lii'siilcH  u  Hplritual  iradiu/r  inadt'  for  idni  I'vciy  day,  Iim 
toward  till' rIoM' a^ki'd  IImmu  lo  ivad  idru  ids  uuditaliitn  on 
til."  jai'|»,iratiou  I'oidi'atli.  wldcii  li»'  rarrird  ai'-ail  hilu  ;  lai 
rt-rii'd  Ills  l)!i'viary  fvcry  day:  aiul  ailliou;>li  Iw  wiis  no 
low-  lliai  liotli  sijuiir  and  slu'iiulli  liad  Ki'«'ii'ly  fuilfd,  iip  did 
!iof  omit  it  till  lliH  last  day  of  liis  iifi-.  wii.-u  Ids  <'oiii|iaidi'Us 
t'Xi'itfd  llis  srruplt'H,  A  weak  lu'loif  his  diath  lit'  had  tlu' 
].riM'aiUiou  to  Mess  some  lioly  wiitt-r  f<»  m'Ivc  him  durinj; 
the  ri'sf  of  Ills  ilini'ss,  in  his  apiiiy.  and  at  hishuiial,  and 
lie  Insliiu'tHd  his  companiiuis  how  to  use  il. 

"On  tii«>  tvc  of  his  death,  whirh  was  a  Friday,  he  told 
them,  aU  radiant  wit li  joy.  tliaf  it  woidd  take  |)lace  on  tlie 
nnuiow.  JMiritifi  tlie  whole  day  he  coirversed  witli  them 
nhont  the  manner  of  his  burial,  tlie  way  in  wliieli  he  .sh(>idd 
l»e  laid  out.  llie  Jiiaee  to  he  selei'ted  for  his  interment  ;  liow 
fliey  sliouid  arran^ie  his  liands,  and  face,  and  how  they 
.should  raise  a  cross  over  his  grave. 


■  »hca. 


lllKllnVMl,    )ih 

wiyis   riitluT 
iiiiiH-s'.N  iiifl  ; 

IhKmI    lllllt     Ik' 
tid    liiiil    III   I  •■ 
tin  !<•«.><    Iltillll 
joy,  iitiit  >:•  11- 

[  riii-iiiiiiiuil'K 
M  oi'  fliis  vity- 
fcn.siik«.  tl.i-m 

III  t(»  |ir"|iM!i» 

ill    r«i||(i(]nii'H 

M  niijuvl  Hilar- 

])i<>ii<iiiiiciiii{ 

I-    liv.ili,'  or 

llllt'l'  IIH'.  ' 

I'Vt'iy  <liiy,  \ui 
inrilil.-itiiin  on 
l"iiil   him  ;  lit' 

(\\  111'  \V:iH  NO 
i'llilcil.    Il.-lli.l 

is  <'oiii|iaiiioiii 
h  iii>  liiid  lliM 
<•  liiiii  iliiiiiijL; 
is  liiiiitil,  iiiul 

lidiiy,  lii>  told 
l>lii<-n  on  t\w 
•d  Willi  tlicni 
icli  he  sliould 
l-.'iiiH'iit ;  how 
iiul  how   tlioy 


/•.in/A.7f  iiv^*  v.mmrm  f  J 


M9 


':'„;;;;,;':',. 'i'...'i ^I'-i-" ".■...•.--"■"."a..ru.. 

>l ''''"•'''''''•'■'''',    .Mh-niilli-l  ii"'''l  'I'- 

'■>'■■■'  •■•  !«'",""•"',        ,„,.lu  ."nt,...-.v  »ln.l, 

:,;  I'l'  "."i'l   II' r„n..,s      r,,, Ms  ,'.m.' 

".,.,., ...■..'■.li„,M,l'.n.lln.x      l."ln'l   I' >';";'?  "I""'  "' 
u;' n.t^in  "1,M,  I.'- tol.'i"l'l''y''.l  l.imMir.l""''^ 'I'-'  I'..' 

.'.'«•;':',;  his   .l'.:.r  n, l-n.    .ri"nv:„..s  .,,„'•   .U'.  |.ll 

,,.,,,,,..1    l„.  r.m«.'l'"l   llH'.u.   I   ;^.'V"   II""'   I'"!"'     ''•", 

;;;";.'.'..."■:„ I'l''''"' ■''■'•■■■''■,;;;■';  ■';.,•;: 

„,.„•  'Ml.;   ni.Un"«n  .•..nnlAv,    li''  •=»"   lli.m  li.-  M  '  ' 

:;;:,;;;:!,  M,anu..'i  ;.,'...  r,,,',,iMi.;'.;;'';;y,;;;^ 

.1."  .'""I'l"  !"■ '^rnT-'v::^^^i^^^''^^''' 

;i;:::r.,:;";;r:-;,:r,;!i;;:i.i.''".. - > •" 

''■.^^;:^:;:;vr,i,,',nar'.,.'-nw,,i.,,,...,''un.!-^;;i: 

l,is  tlJs  since  hi»  lust  cu„Io,sio.>,  tu  W  gn.-n  lol...  *"!'- 


6*30 


jwriirm  jamics  MMUiVKTri:,  s. ./. 


I'idr.  to  obli,i?«^  liim  to  prny  to  (Judmoiv  ciniicstly  forliim. 
Ill  liiu',  lu*  promised  not  lo  Toip'r  iIh'iii  in  lit'iivni,  jimliis 
Ik-  \viis  very  kind-licMitrd,  iiiid  ki'ru-  llniii  lo  lie  woiii  oiif 
uith  tlic  loll  ol'  llie  luvccdiii-  days,  he  Ikh'c  I  hem  uc  and 
lakes  ii  lilll''  it-'^N  ii^^^^iirin.i;-  tlifiii  lliar  Ins  lioiir  was  not  ye! 
HO  Jicar  but  that  lie  would  wake  iIkmu  wlicu  it  was  linn-  - 
as.  in  fact.  h«'  did  two  or  (liict'  Imuis  al'lcr,  calling-  llirni 
wli'.-n  about  to  enter  into  his  aiiony. 

'•  Wiieu  th«'y  came  near,  lie  embrac(>d  them  again  for  the 
la.s^  lime,  while  they  niellcd  in  t(arsat  his  I'l  et.  lie  then 
asked  for  the  holy  w  '  r  and  liis  icliiiuary.  and.  takin.u^  ell" 
liis  crucilix,  which  he  always  wore  han.uin.u'  from  his  neck, 
lie  placed  it  in  the  hands  of  one  of  his  compaidons.  askinir 
him  to  hold  it   constantly  oj)nosite   him,  raised  befoie   his 

ovos. 
'  •'FeeliK'.r  that  he  had  but  n  little  wluh"  to  live,  he  niade 
a  last  elVort,  clasjM'd  his  liands,  and,  with  his  eyes  lixid 
swoetly  on  his  crm-ilix.  he  tJionounced  aloud  liis  pr.-)fession 
of  faith,  and  thanked  th.>  Divine  Maj.  sty  f...'  the  immense 
favor  he  b.'stow.edui>ou  him  in  allowin.i-- him  to  die  in  tlu^ 
Society  of  .lesus,  to  die  in  it  as  a  missionary  of  .leMis 
<'lirisr"  and  above  all  to  die  in  it,  as  he  had  always  askci', 
ilia  wiet<'lie<l  cabin,  a'.nid  the  forests,  destitute  of  all  hu- 
man aid. 

••On  thi-  hi^  became  silent,  conversing'  inwardly  with 
(o)d;  y<'t  fioni  time  to  timo  wo:ds  (.-(aptd  l''m:  'S//.s- 
liHiiU'aahiKi  iiiid  !ii  rn-hucju^:  or  ^Muhr  IML  ununido 
vH'i:  which  w  n-e  tlio  last  words  he  uttered  before  entering 
into  his  agony,  which  was  very  calm  and  gentle. 

"He  had  prayed  Ids  conipanicms  to  Kinind  him,  when 
Ihey  saw  him  about  to  expire,  to  ])ror.ounce  frequenfly  tlii^ 
names  of  Jesiis  and  .Mary,  if  he  did  not  do  so  himself;  they 
(lid  not  nedect  this;  and  wIkmi  tlu>y  thought  him  about  to 
pass  away  one  cri<'d  aloud,  •  .lesus  !  Mai-y  !  whidi  ho  sev- 
eral times  repeated  distinctly,  and  Then,  as  if  at  thos(^  sa- 
cred names  something  had  apjieared  to  him,  he  .snddenly 
raised  his  eyes  alwve  his  crucilix,  llxing  them  api)arently 
upon  some  object,  which  he  seemed  to  regard  with  pleas- 


icstly  for  liim. 
Ii(';i\<'li,  iili<l:is 
i»  lie  \V(ii  M  out 
■  I  liciu  ,t;i'  iUld 
ir  wiis  iidf  ycV 
it  wiis  liiiif  -■ 
,  calling'  llifiii 

!i<;:tin  for  Hie 
(«'t.  He  tllfH 
iikI.  liildii.ij;  oir 
'inm  liis  lu'ck, 
iiiiioiis,  !isl\iii,i; 
cd  licl'dit-'   liifs 

live,  lie  TTindn 
lis  eyes   lixcii 

liis  pi'DlV'ssion 
;•  tin-  iniiiiciisc 
11  to  (lie  ill  tin' 
navy  ol'  .IrMis 
always  askii', 
tiite  of  all  liu- 


iiiwaidly  with 
(I  I'ini:     ^  S//S- 

•    I>(  t.    UK  IIICIllo 

x'Toi't-   ciitc'iiiig 

title. 

iiul  liim,  when 

rrcqiiently  tlr.^ 
o  hiiuscli';  they 
t  him  about  to 

whi(ii  lie  sev- 
il"  at  thos(^  sa- 
il, he  suddenly 
lein  apparently 
;ard  with  pleas- 


,\V)1       '^W  ,•  (   ft, 


y.\rni:i:  J.<.w:s  >iM:i/vi:rn:.  s.j. 
.  .,,,,1  tlius   uill,  :<  ...unrunMco  M  nulimil  "ill.  sniil..^ 

•„,.-  to  lii-<  ilijimi'lioii.  lui.l  mlM'l  ,1  1.11,-1 

bv   I'.itlu'i    .M.UM'"""        .  T  .1-,.  <<iin('ri()i'   wen'  hunt- 

"f  ->-'^  '1''  "T':  ^'i;  ,;■;;'  r^.-:miilki,iii,..  .vi,.,.. 

at  th<'  luissio;!  uL    ■-:•   imi.i....-, 
'''::Th^v'-u-o.rain..lviv,Min.lt.>  t!..  spot   nnd  .Vlil.-r.t^a 

t(   11   'I  il<   I,   11  >'"  >  '":^  rill,,,,.       .w'l'dVdlM"  IV 

d..    With    those  wlunu    they    -^l-^;  J^^  ,,;;:'  '^^ 

,1,1  intestines  wcMv  .11  dried  up,  tlu>    ^'"!^;      \      •^,,      ,,. 

,u,  the  skin  hen.;,  in  any  way  "Un-"     •        1^'^  t  .v  \vn  he<l 
venttheir  disserting  it  aee<n.d.nj,  U     us  > 

,,elK>n.s.nuldnedt.Tn;nte^ 

oHV  house  or  St.  l^mjtins.  ndvlv  .nnoes  in  excvl- 

lentordev.  includin,i;  (^<n..  eevomor.y.     As 

had  joined  onr  Al^xompun.   '^}^^\2sA.  v<\.o  is  Supe- 


Jk 


r)m 


iwniHU  .lAMF.s  MAnQVinn:,  s.  ,r. 


tions  to  verify  tlit'  fact  that  the  botly  vhicli  they  lioro  was 
ifiilly  Fallit'i  MaKiiK'ttf's. 

••Then,  bfloiv  tlit-y  limdi-d,  ln'  inroncd  the  Ii(  Piol'inidifi 
in  hifilit  of  the  ihiity  caiioi'S  still  oii  tlif  watri',  and  of  all 
the  pcoplr  on  the  sliorc.  After  this  ilic  liody  was  caiiifd 
to  tli«'  «'liurcli,  obsfrviii,4-  all  that  tli*'  ritual  prrsciibcs  for 
sMcii  «t'n'inoni('.s.  It  n'Uiaincd  cxiiosi'd  under  his  (■;itafa.<ine 
ail  that  day,  which  was  Whitsnn  M(»nday,  the  .'■•ih  of  .hincv, 
:iud  the  next  day.  wlien  all  tlu!  fun(>ral  hoimrs  iiad  been 
]Kiid  It,  it  was  deposited  in  a  little  v:iull  in  the  middle  of 
ihe  chnn'h,  where  he  reposes  as  the  (fuardian  Anyel  ol'  our 
Ottawa  Mission.  The  Iniliaus  often  come  to  pray  on  \\U 
tomb."' 

Fiither  Manpiettf'died  in  his  tliirty-ei.ulitli  year,  on  Satur- 
day, the  ISth  of  May,  1(!7."). 

The  venerable  historian,  Charlevoix,  who  traveled  Ihrou.uh 
the  West  in  17:21,  states  that  the  French  mariners  never  fail 
to  invoice  Father  :Mai(piette  "when  iliey  are  in  any  jieiil  on 
Lake  Mi<'hiiian.  Many  have  declared  that  they  believed 
themselves  indebti'd  to  his  intercession  for  having  eseai-ed 
very  ,i;reat  (hinders.'' 

^'"^FathtM-  ManpU'tte,"  writes  Shea,  "was  not  a  n:ei(^ 
scholar  or  man  of  science*.  If  he  ^ou,u■llt  new  avenues  for 
civili/ed  man  lo  thivjid  the  very  heart  of  the  conlin<  nl,  it 
was  with  him  a  work  of  Christian  love.  It  was  to  oj.en  the 
VN-ay  I'or  the  (Jospel,  that  the  Cross  iniMht  enlighten  new  and 

remote  nations. 

"Xomissionaryof  thatghnionsbandof  .lesnits.who,  in  the 

seventtu^nth  century  announced  the  Faith  from  Hudson  Hay 
to  the  Lower  ^lississijtpi,  who  hallowed  by  their  laboisand 
life-blood  so  many  a  wild  spot  now  occupied  by  the  busy  hives 
of  men— none  of  them  impresses  ns  m(»re,  in  his  whole  lile 
and  career,  witli  his  piety,  sanctity,  and  ah.solnle  d.-'-otion 
to  (Jod,  than  Father  Marquette.  In  life  he  seems  to  h;iv(i 
been  looked  up  to  with  reverence  by  the  wildest  savage,  by 
thernde  frontiersman,  and  by  the  i)olished  officer*  of  gov- 
ernment. When  lie  had  passed  away,  his  name  and  Lis  fame 


t 


Hicy  lioro  was 

/'V  I'lo/iiiidix 
h'l'.  ;ili(l  ol'  iill 
ily  wiis  <'iiriit(l 

lircscribf's  t'cir 
•  his  catiirii^imi 
ic  i^-tli  (if  .hiiK^; 
iioi's  iiad  Ix't'ii 

the  iiiidillt'  <»r 
1  Aii.u.'l  nl'  (iiir 
()   play  on  lii« 

vcnr,  on  Saliir- 

nvclcd  tliidiijih 
iiicrs  never  Tail 
in  any  jieril  on 
they  l;elieve(l 
lia\  ing  <'.scaiie(l 

IS  not  !l  n.eie 
e\v  avenues  I'ol' 
he  contininl.  it 
kvas  to  ojien  the 
liiihten  new  and 


FATIllUl  .lAME^  MAUQl'in'm.   i<.J,  M* 

^.,.,^,,,.,„,,  •„,  ,1,,.  „,,.at  West,  treasnred  abov.  that  of  his  IVl- 
low  hil"'i'''rs.'" 

..  -n.u<  IM-  .li-l  tlH-  it.v:.l  Aiv,«.1c-.  far  nwny  in  .••■.i-ms  \V.-.I. 

l,v  .1...  hat^.'  '.f  <1.-  Al-.u.,uins'  ,„  ,w.  lully  Ins  "^1"-  '•'-  ;       .. 

«nt  1,1.  S'irit  still  n.,,M,K  us  f.o.u  l>i,  l.-.u.  a.uon.'  -l,.  l.U  ^t. 


i, 


:;,;:;  i:;:;:;;:,:!;,;;,:::rw;;„.;ir^;:;".:'"' ■ "—» - "- 


•iTIifnirlynauaMif  l.iiU.- Mi.liltjim. 


;uits.\vlio,  in  tlie 
mi  Hudson  Hay 
[heir  hil)ois  and 
y  the  litisy  Inves 
II  his  \vlioh'  life 
isolnl(>  (l"'-otion 
»  seems  to  hr.vc! 
Idest  sava^'e,  Ity 
oflicer*  of  uov- 
ni..'  and  Lis  fame 


i 

I 


m 

IF* 


K()I!F.KT  (AVI'LII'IU  Dl'  LA  SALLl-, 

Tlh;  11,1,1  sri;l<»is  l\ri,ol!i;ii.'F  Tlii:  mississum-i  vai.i.ky, 


I'llAP'l'KIJ   I. 
Y(»rriirri.  <ii,Mi  s  am.  v  \-t  i)i:-i<iN-*. 

/.'/V///.  nnuihi.  .',.'/../'/'■  '/->//  "■■  I'"  ^'"^  ''"'■'  I"  ^ '"'"»'"■ 
..-  Srllhsiix',-  Munlrn''  11"^  nil!'  -'•"■v  I' """''I  ".!  ^">-'i> 
A,„<rhu,  ftnu  Tr/.v/  >•■//,,///<  <;;'  L"  S,>//,  -^/h-.sronrs 
ll,r    (t!n»      .1/    /•''/■/    /•'/■".-'•/""•      I)n;h.i>!ii'j  IlioiHihts    ■• 

(il  l\>il  l-\i>iilt  mil-. 

S.-nrcly  \vm\   lli''  l:'^'  W'r.ls  .-f  tin-  -Inri.-iis  M:ir<liu.((('— 
Mnhr  Ih!    ^„.n>,nl<>un;'      ,li..,l  i,\v;i  V  .  >11  t  Ik'  wi  ll.ls  ul'  Ml-'hl- 

,',..„,  ulini  :i  1-'.!  1  :iiul  tlrvolrd  si^iril.  I'mmI  l.y  llu'  I'aUH'  ni: 
';^,vvi..us.'\pl.u-;v5'm^.  was  iHr<lit;UiMir -m  thr  shrnvs  ol'  L:iUo 
Onfirio  111.-  luusrc^itinu  ..C  til.'  ^niiid  uork  i..-,i;uH  l>y  tln^ 

lln.lnous  niissioMiny.     A  .l.-nit  FmUht  Imd  l.'l  Hm' u;.y. 

\  ('ntlM.lic  t'cMriiKlll  new  :i(lv:inc.".l  I.,  .'niiil.lrh'  llirWoiK. 
|{.,l)cit  Cavrlicfd-'la  Sallc"'  was  l.oni  in  llH'city.>r  Koiu'ii, 

Fiiinc.',   in    tin     yar    ICi:'..     li.>  l.rN-iiu.d    t.)  aii  old  and 

•"^"-  -1 '•'''■'■•■'""■    """  .„      I      ,,    \,.,w-.,ur-    l!u;.n".r-.  -Mi-loiv  or    IlirVnital 

';'"::', ';r;:.'iwiw:;nw;v;^^^  ■..,.y.,r,„..v:,>,,.y.>r 


•  Vlo'li'Vil'  (inl.  nil,.  MitiiTiiU'." 


,  ,  '„„■■„,.•  I,.  il.-(\vrl,.'.-.    •nic'vv.villl.y  rivm'hl.Mr.-lirrsonr.Mli-tlinrMi-!.-.! 

535 


in 


SSB 


nmr.hi  cwi-i.ttJi  ni:  /.i  s.\f.i.K. 


I 


vraltl.v  fMiiiilv.  It  i^  ^:.i'l  ll>!>l  i"  < '"'.v  >"""'  '""  ''"''  ''''^ 
til,.  So'iPt.v  ..f.h-siiH.  in  wlii.'li  Ih'  ivniuai.Ml  I'nr  srvri;il  y.'iif! 
MiKlviir  iiu'l  f. •:..•), in-  I'n.vi.l.ni.v.  Ii..u-v.t.  .j.-stinra  liini 
fol'Usnni.'Nvhal  .liiV.Mvnt  ^plinv..!  1:i1m, n.ua  nsrrul:.->>.  I'lit 
,„i,.  liMVin-iM'los.'lvi:ition.sI,ii.  uilli   111"!     \!i>t    uoil;  -.1   111.' 

Cliarch  nnnniu:  niankinil. 

I/i  Salli-  had  a  -ival  l'..n(ln.'ss  f.a'  ila-  fNa.'l  sci. mvs,  (  n- 
iMTially  inatlL-niatirs.  in  ul.lH.  )..•  uas  ivnmrkahly  pio- 
lirirnl;"  and  In-  U-U  iIm'  Srn.inary  .  f  li..'  .I'-nif  I  al  hts 
rainin--  willi  liini  ili"'  h\'x\u'^t  |..>tinM.nials  oi'  liis  sui.'iiurs, 
i\.r  V'li'ity  or  rliaiaH.T,  .■xtvll.-ni  acqnii'i-ni.-nts,  and  an 
,.n,.i-y  siddoai  laitdi'l.  Oi  ac.'.mnl.  In.wev.T,  nf  liavin- 
l„MaM'..n!uri.>dxNilli  Hw  ivKi^ions  slat",  lu'  was,  l.y  a  n-'u- 
una   uaJMsf.    i.r..visi,.vi   of    ri..-    Fn'i.rl,    law,  driinvt-.l    „[ 

ncirlv  all  his  r.ntnnc  ,,,  -    ,  i 

Ih''  had  an  «'l(hM-  hrotlu-r  in  Canada,  the  Abl.c  .Ichn 
C'lvcli.'.',  a  in-ifst  of  St.  Snlpico.  Appaivntly  it  was  tliis 
tint  shaiK'd  his  d.'sf.nics.  Ills  family  made  h;:n  an  allow- 
nnc..  of  fonv  hun.l.vd  livivs  ii  yai,  tlu-  capital  of  whi.-Ii  was 
V.udo\<'rtohini;  and  with  this  pittann-  in  his  pockrt,  ho 
iaihMl  for  Canada,  to  sc.^k   his  fortua.«,  in  tho  spiiu-  of 

Li  Silh'  o'>t  lin.^  I  fi-o'U  Mi'^  Sulpitlans  rh."  ,i;Tant  of  a  lai-*^ 
^nct  of  land.  abouMiino  miles  above  Montival.  ib'iv  h<^ 
l„.o,in  a  villiiu-e  wlilcdi  h.'  (mH'mI  /. /  C/////".  an<l  whn  h  to 
this  day  retains  the  sn«i',i>vativc  nana-.  Jle  also  cxpioiv  I  a 
litllc  and  h.'uan  the  stmly  of  tin-  Indian  lan-na-es.  Il  is 
-nd  that  in  two  or  throe  years  \u^  .becanu'  <piUe  iainiliar 
with  the  Huron,  AlgoiKiuin,  and  live  or  six  other  native 

dialects.  ^x    .1        .     ,•  n. 

At  that  tunc  thft  whole  of  the  p:reaf  Northwest  ol  the 
rnited  States  was  an  entirely  uidvnown  land.  No  one  had 
the  slightest  idea  as  to  whetlier  the  eontinent  of  North 
Vnierim  was  S.ooo  or  1(»,000  miles  in  breadth.  It  Avas  the 
general  impression,  however,  that  the  waves  of  the  Pacific 
Vveve  dashing  against  the  rocks  a  few  miles  west  of  the 


1  Faikmon. 


iyt 


ll  ll.«  I'llfl  '.I'll 
si'Vcuil  yi'itr- 
di'stiiii'il  liiiii 

uiillv  "f  ll;c 

scit  IK'CS,  1  .'- 

iiiUii'ily  it:«>- 
.-nit  I'al'icis 
liis  siiiti'iiiii's. 
cuts,  nii'l  ;iii 
i-r,  III'  liiniii.Li; 
lis,  liy  !i  lu'w 
iU'lirlvt'(l    of 

'  Altlir  .Idlltl 
y  it  was  til  is 
liiin  iiii  allow- 
of  \\\\'u'\]  was 
lis  |)(»('i\('l,  lit' 
Ilu5  spriu.i;'  <>[ 

nmt  (if  a  lar.^o 
i>al.  II'T*'  ho 
and  which  to 
lsf»  cxiiioi'cl  a 
si'iia^t'S.  It  is 
(|uitc  raniiliar 
c  otluT  native 

rthwcst  of  the 
No  one  had 
tient  of  North 
h.  Tt  was  the 
of  the  Pacilic 
:»s  west  of  the 


,,,.,,..,,,., Hakes  whi.-h  washed  tl..snMllu.n.^h.n^^^^ 

.,  <.dle  uas  m.Mritalin.;-  an  exiMdii.nu  .i|.  ihe  >  . 

;;m,i!;,;h«.r.:«.,v,.,..i — •....■ i '-' 

lliri.    \\.i> -i.ui  ,1  i-w  ...... im. "ire         luniild   make 

;;r"',.;;:„:,l:.,,,'  si:  .„....,..,.,  u- 1 ■■■.-'■  -■'  ■■"'■■■■'-"« 

»'•"''""■"':''-■''"'';  „..„  ,.,  ^,,,1 ,,„„i,,.,i  -M  ,.>c|,..iiii..n 

111    Ihewnter  of    It'iO,    l^il    !^'»'"    <"o''""     '  ' 

ho\ve\el,  lh.it  IK   III  I  o.iisville       Here     lis  nn-n 

:.::';;;::<:;;::':,""';,;:  :::^'.;.eyo,,u,r,,, .......... 

iviurneil  alniie  to  Canada.  ,        .^k 

V  vt  llu.l  l/i  Salle   eommander  of  tlie   newly  estab- 

\\  ,.  next   IlIKl    1^.1  .  '"K  He  held  ths  post- 

Mississippi  «r«t  '"'-•"••"''",™    .-.''X  nni.k,  p..n.lml. 

„,„„,..s,ea  -■;■•;;;;:,.;  .';.'^„,ni:^  ■:',.,„  „',.., ..ver 

inn   ntelleet  of  La  Sal  It  ar  on*                               ^, 
mastering  Lahaiie,  anu  mp,^  - 

• "'  ^  „,w..Hvi.ltH  Fori  Kr..i.H'..a<':  and.  iKrlmi'-.  l..-l.<m..(l 

I,„  Sal!.'  tl.c'  .naps  un.l  jourmil  wind..  ....fort>...'.tU. 

jui-l  :'.l)ov(.'  MDiilrc'ttl. 


m 


inttu.nr  r.wHi.ir.n  />/;  /.i  >m.i.k 


{\.\  11. «  \v(.iil<l  tirlii.'Vf  iliiit  whifli  t'li:iiii|'liiiii  Im.l  viiiiily  nr. 
ti'inplfil.  Eiii'l  i-r  uhirh  <»iir  .»\mi  ynMiiiiion  liiis  hut  ^m-ii 
till'  iHcnini.liHliint'nt  I  In'  opt'iiliiK  «>r  ii  |)!iN«*!i;if  to  Finliii  itml 
(!||}iiii  ju'ioMs  fhf  Aiiifiinin  Coiitlnt'iil.  Ci. »  ll«»  would  «ir- 
nipy  tli«'  Urt'iii  \V»'s|.  (Ifvclnp  ir^^  ••nninu'rciiil  rcsoiiirt'M, 
imdimiiiipiit"'  tli''  SpiHiiiiids  iiml  Kimii»li  in  iIm'  post-oiou 
,,f  ii.  ,;{. )  II. •  U..UI.I  .  Ht;il»li«H|i  II  luiiili.'d  post  iif  ilif  inoiiiU 
ol'  111."  Missi^'sippi.  iliiiH  M'ciiriiiu'  im  «»iiil«'t  Un-  ih.-  Iiiul.'  .>!' 
tJM-  iiiU'ii(»r,  cli.'ckliig  th.'  pi.'iuivss  ..I'  ilii>  Spiiniiinls.  mwl 
luriiiiiiu'  ii  Itiisf  uli.Ti'i'''  in  tiiiK-  dj' wiir  tlicir  ii. 11111.111  pi<>v- 
jiic.'s  cmM  li"  invMil.'tl  and  «'(iiii|iii'ii'd.  Sii.-li  w.'if  IIm» 
iif.'iit  piKJ.'cIs  (M»ii(t'i\<'d  Jiinl  iiiiixi'd  in  llif  IVilii.'  I'lnin  nl' 
this  lu'idic  bnf  p.-nnil.'ss  yonnu'  l-'i.  iithniiin  ! ' 

In  rli.'  iintMiim  ..I'  l<*.7l.  I.:i  Snll.-  w.iii  !<•  Finnn-  Willi 
Miron"'  Ji'iltMs  i»l'  icftpnini.'ndiitinn  lioni  iIk-  ('"Miit  dc  I'lon- 
tfnuc,  (}(»\viii(.r  of  l'tinMd;i.  Wiitiim  (•>  iIk-  niini>i'r  ('(►!. 
bi«rt,  I'Vont.'n;!.'  s:iys:  •"  I  cniinol  licip.  Monsciuntiir,  r«'c- 
omniiMKliim'  to  yoti  tlu"  Si. Mir  d.-  l;i  Sulic  ulio  is  id'.inl  to 
uo  lo  l''mnt'.'.  nnd  >vl!.t  is  :i  nmn  dl"  ini.lli,u.'nct>  iiml  idiiiiiy 
-moil'  «'iip:il»l.'  tlii'iii  iiiiy  oin-  <'ls.'  I  luu.w  ii.-i.-  to  ii.f.mi- 
plisli  ."v.Ty  i^in.l  nl  .-nhTpris.' iiti.l  di^f.-vfiy  wlii.li  niny  l-.'^ 
inlriisl.'d'i..  him.  11.'  i.ns  ili.-  nio>l  pfilVci  iNii.iui.dL;.-  .d' 
111.'  stilt.'  ol'  di."  .•oiintiy,  its  yoii  will  h'.-.  il'  yon  niv  ili>iHiM/tl 
t.t  jiivi'  liiiii  Ji  I'.'W  nioiiH'iirs  ol'  iin  niidicnn'.  " 

lie  wii-^  wrll  iv.'.-ivt'd  III  Coiiit.  iind  niJidc  two  petitions  to 
lilt' Kiii.u-  on.' I'oV  11  put. 'lit  oT  nobility,  in  consid.-riilion  ol' 
his  si'i'viccs  lis  nil  .'Xploici',  tin'  otin'r  lor  :i  >:>'i"'f  '" 
st'ijAni.ny  ol'  Foit  Frontcnac.'  On  his  pint.  Lii  Snll.-  .d'- 
f.-ivd  u\  pay  l>ack  th.'  io.doo  I'luncs  which  tlif  fort  liad 
cost  til.'  (i.iv.-rnnn'iit  ;  to  niaintnin  it  at  his  ..wii  .•liari-.-, 
with  a  uanison  .qiial  to  tlini  of  Moiiti.'iil.  hcsid.'s  nrtt'.ii  of 
twenty  lahoi.Ms;  to  form  a  I'l.'n.'h  folony  around  it.  to 
build  a  Catholi.'  chiiirh  wlifii.'V.'f  th.-  iiiinil».'r  <d"  iniiaiiit- 
iint-;  should  iva.di  oii"  hniidivd;  nnd.  ni.'iinw  liil.>.  to  sn[)- 
poit  one  or  more  Fianciscan  Tathcrs  ;  and  iinally,  to  lonii  n 

1  I'll;'. mini. 

•1  It  WllH  I,U  Siillf  wlin  •;.n\r  tin'   IH«  l«'>'  H''"  l""""'  '"  ''"'""■  "^ '"'  P''''""      I 'ii/ili:Uii. 


noiiinr 


r.w't.i.rii:  hi.  /-•  •"'•»/-^'' 


:a) 


lllis    hilt    >t  (•!» 

to  Itnliii  iiidI 
|i>  would  or- 

lll      K'SOIIITI'S, 

lie  |)o>si  ^>io|l 
ll  till'  liiiililll 
tile  lliiili'  of 
i:)tii!inls,  iiild 
Ullll'lll  Jilov. 
«'U  \v»'H'  III" 
l-lilr   I'liiill  kI' 

l-'liilirc  uilli 
mil  (Ir  I'U'll 
iiiiiii>li'i'  ( 'ol- 
«»'imii'iii'.  it'c- 
ii  is  iilioiil  to 
i>  iiiid  iiliilily 

•!•>     to    iH't'OIII- 

Uiicli  iiiiiy  111' 

\!10\vlt'<lui'    (if 
[  ;ilr  ili.>|Hisi')l 

o  pctitioDS   to 

i^iidt-riitiiiii  ol' 

ii    jiraiit    ill 

li!i   SmIIi'   of- 

llic   fort    li:id 

own  »'ii:ii-,u<', 

id<'s  lil'tttii  or 

[iroiind    it.    to 

■!'  of   iidiniiit- 

,vllil(>.    to     Sll|)- 

lly,  to  roiiii  !i 

III.     I'mkiiiuii. 


.,.i,l..,m.nt  of  ao,M..ii.ni.d    Ind.....^  iti  ilu-   M..i^hl.orl.oo.K 

n.i,   .d  nol>h.' ivHl  ..  unu.f  on  ..   oH   ,n.M:...d>    a^ 

:'       ,„  „,..  ,.xt..|,i  ol  lo...   l.>;.,iU.'M  M.  rio.it   and  a    l.all  a 
.      .      „,,   ,...id.-.  .ho  ....iuhLorlt..  i>bnd>;  n.id  ho  .... 
;;    .    \;ilhth...o...,..i,......r.h.to,r..nds.,.^^^^^^^ 

ri.i.M.t.how..vo.Mo.l ..d...sonho(}ovo...o..«...n.Tul, 

Wi...,.    h.   S,,ll,.  f.aim-d   possLHsio.,   of   Ko.r  l-.o..,t.-.uo-. 

;:   '•t:;;;:::,:;:::::;::r.';:.;::;;:r>£ 

;M,:l^.Hi,;..u..ai,.s....|v.o,n,il.....d..ho....i.-n ^ 

,1„.  uat.-i-ldol..-in':l'oini.-lol  inrk.'is.  ^ 

UM.hin  ih.-.v  was.,  lK..T:.rk.a  widl.  a  ...ill  :U.d:nnK..r    , 

,1   ,         w 1..U  l.h..kd.oMso  ^..a.d..d   th-UM.oway       N.. 

,       ,;ksoii.holMlio^.t.w:HaHu.....o|s.Ma      h.       '^ 

,        t      1       .     vlll......        Two  nin.V.S  IIIUI  a   SMl'UVOll.   NV.th    a 

was!h..l,.<l.;.i.  M11.>P.      '  '   „,„i,.  ,.i.th.--.a.Tis.a,;n..d 

K,h-s    th.-si,    tli.-i.     ^;  ,      .^,„,.i,Hill   a   houso    loi- 

];;;rt;;M."r,:';::;:iiCyi^.- .a,..,. ..  u  u.,., . 

'■''i';','',lv  for  tn,  11...,.,.,  n„.l„k...  |,a,H.v  ^i'l'  .'  "■■«   ...  '.l- 


';:ii;i;;;.;:ni;..iv,..;.... ..n,i.„.. ,.,.1,.,.  ,.r .,  ^.r 


.":... I.,...-... r..>M,:,..i..r.^. --.r  u,„.- ■ ^^-'-m. >'- 

till' Sfc  of  a  CUUoU.- lll'li".'- 


MO 


nntiriir  r.wF.i.iNii  nn  r.\  sauk 


f\m>u  >ah«>»l  Mini  I'ai'l  ••>'  IiImim'K,  fuMii-li-r  nf  l)i*>  iiii-.^i.>M, 
IiMfi.mof  tlir  rimirli.  \..\  Hiillr  i»';;i!i.<l  tli«'  iinlnnut  <.r  his 
IfdK'ly  litlli'  t'mpin-. 

Iliif  li.'  Iiiid  no  tlioiiulir  f»f  n'Hfintc  Im»h.     ]h<  liiitl  jfiiim.l 
wliiit  III'  s  iii'xhf,  u  fiilmim  for  h>l\<t    nul  l»io;i.li'i'  mtlor 

His    platlH    \\v\t'    lijl.lK'd.   Mini    Ills    tilltf    \MI«4   ((Illlf.       11''V\:i>» 

no  loimvr  a  wAy  iitlv.-iiiiiMT,  ili-iiil.-  ili'<l  of  nil  I'lit  hiH 

IVitlU'  hialii  iiiid  Ills  liitivpiil  hi'iirf.     )h  IihI  umi  pi in- 

tlutiH'*',  ncillt.  titpt  iiofcnr  frlt'iuh.  Now,  at  l-i.;ili.  Ii«' 
iiiiuHif  hop.'  to  Ihi'l  fli"  |r>nK  MoiiL'lit  i  itli  to  Cliiiia  aid 
.lap.iii.  and  si'cmv  for  Kiaiuc  tlio-..>  iM.iiiHll«'H<»  h;;i.iiis  nl 
til."  \V«'Ht,  ill  uhoHc  wali'iy  lil^'liwa.Vf*  In?  m\\  Ills  roa«l  t»> 
w.'altli,  rrijouii,  iiihI  po\v««f.' 


i 


iiiti'.iut  iif  his 


luiidi'i'  iirtliMV 

'Ollll'.         '!•'   \\    iS 

(.r  all  ImiI  liiH 
won  i>liii')*,  In- 
iif   l<r.iili.  ln) 

to    Clllltil    ill. (I 

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iu    iii'.  ru;nl  tt» 


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('IIA1»TK11  IT. 

TV\VITIN<1   Tin;   TIIOIJNY    1!!.M>   OK    DISCOV  KIJY,    I'KIML,    AND 

Aini.NTI  KIC.       _ 

fir^l  inilhi,  tUxrnpIn,,,  <>/  Xhuiani  ,^hij>h'nhhi,u  ■ 
^L,nn>rh  <>l  lln-  ^^iirHrnr-^  Thrjii  st  nnjiuj''  ,>i>  II','  L"h  ^ 
.-  ror/Crrnn,  >,r  -  .\>h<(nlf,il  Jn,in,<!/o/nnr  \.'2V.()  iinhs 
^-\„n,!i,il  hiif  (Hsn^frr-  lii'lnnrniil  A'  //////o/.v-J 
nhaslhisniH  M<>n  funsf  rorhiu-  ">,^l  pnshliin  Ihrmiuh 
'(}„■  si>o>r.s'  n/  ln>nn,u>  M  Furl  Mhnni-A  ru,n,r>l^-_ 
Fiunl  i,ni>iinili(>„s-fnr  lit,  (/isronr//  of  Uir  t„ouUi  of 
fill    Mi.^sis.^lj)pl. 

T<,u:n(ls  th.' closr  of  tii.'  year  K'.TT.  Ln  Sail.'  ivtuni.d  Ic 
FniuM.  t(.  r.'iM.it  111.'  i.vo-ivss  of  Lis  undcrtakiiijis  and  t.. 
,,n's,.  r.vsh  sui-pli.'s.  At  ih.-  O.uir  his  r...vi'tion  was  most 
(•(.nli'il  The  Kinu;  ^av.-  him  mnv  h(.iu»rs  and  iiioiv  cxtciidcc. 
l.iiviU""-('s  J  lis  v.calthv  ivlativcs  advaiKvd  lai-v  ;simis  ui 
luoii.'v''  lie  bon-lit  supi-lics  and  m-a-ed  ni.'n.  Anion- 
tiH.so'was  one  w..rlh  all  thf  ivst-llcnry  dr  Tonti  an  Italian 
oilin.v  who  was  stion-ly  nronmu-ndcd  to  La  Sail.'  by  the 
Prinro  dc  Con<l('".'  IK'  ^vas  a  inanwho.c  energy  and  addr-.'ss 
iiinde  him  equal  to  anything.  _^ 

I .,  -mie  sailed  i'rom  La  IJorheHe,  and  in  the  fad  ol  Uuo 
],n;i,.a  i,t  Qm>bec.  ILne  a  iu.nd)er  ol'  Canadian  boatmen 
joined  his  party.  He  sent  them  foruanl  to  Fort  Frontenae, 
•Ivhirh  was  now  really  his  castle,  with  the  surronnding  wi  1- 
devness  as  bis  estate.  The  boats  were  heavily  laden  with 
.,11  -irticles  necessary  ibr  trading  with  the  Indians,  and  with 
evervthin«-  rss.Mitial  to  the  building  and  riguing  of  vessels. 
The  commander  himself  soon  Ibllowi  d.     lb-  i.iocetded  in 


.  Tontl  Ua.l  but  on.  unn;  he  had  lost  th.  otlur  I.>  the  war.  of  Ituty. 


541 


fill 

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il 


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54-2 


llnllh'HTCA  Vr.l.lHU  I'H  /.A  MA/./;. 


■I  l)iirli-l):iiU  cimi).'.  with  only  (tiw  or  two  coiMViiiiiniis.  It 
wM^^i.  loll''  iiii.l  p-iiloiis  voyn-.'.  TlM-  li:ii<ly  i-i.-n.-cis  lui- 
,i,.„tlv  rsl.-.n.M.Ml  t;..'  swil'l  .•miviits  nf  ill.-  St.  Liiwivi.n.. 
Mni.-'-l.'.l  ii-MiuHt  i;^  riii.i.ls.  nli.l.Ml  sil.'utly  nl..iiii-  its  Im.  -ly 
|',»n'st"niiiMV(l  sIk.ivs.  :iihI  srwial  times  cni.i.- v.>iy  ii.-imImmii- 

wi'trkcil. 

\t  tlirclos,.  (,r  riuli  <Imv,  it  \\!is:il\v:iy.s  iicrr^siiiy  Ic  nm 
tl„"..iin(M'susli,.i.-  and  <'iu".n.p.  I'.iH  uiHi  '«.cn  Inn.l  of  ii(U 
vciitun"  tlu's.'  w.Mv  pleiisiiivs  iMtlMT  lliiui  piuns.  Ill  llilll 
.,u  iK.iir  tli.-ir  Ue.'ii  ax.'s  coiistnictcl  n  sli.'ll.'iiii,<--  caiiii.. 
;,.,„.  i.nlliaiit  liiv  .lisi.rll.Hl  all  ^l.-om.  Tl..'  fianTaiit  twi-s 
of  tlj..  )>iiu>  ..I-  liciiilock  I'miiisli.'il  a  soft  coii.'li.     Il.'i''  tii'T 

,.„„k,.,l  ,sMi.i..'i',  sans  ^'•"f-^'^<  ^"'''  """■■"'•"'  '""'"  l"'''"i;"'  •  "■ 
j„y.'<l  as  niuch  i.l.'asiiivas  is  usually  lomul  in  iIh'  v-wUns  (u 

"tiiV  meat  an. I  tli.-  wealthy. 

In.liiin  villa-.'s.  in  tli()S.>  days,  wen-  qnil.-  piciiis.'ly  s.at- 
teml  alonii-  the  hanks  of  this  maj.-stie  river.  The  scene 
was  often  tiuir.'  excitinu'  ms  th.>  ean..e..rthe  vcya-ers  a].- 
,„,.neli.-.l(.n.'<.i'  th.'se  ..Inst.'is  ..t  pienuvsqii.'  Nviuwanis  in 
Ih..  ,.v..nin-  tuili-ht.  TUr  Indians  w.mv  lon.l  .'l^s.-ni^s  and 
diuiees.  and  the  1.1a/.."  of  the  cracklin-  iM-nlir.'.  Ih<-  Nvh..!.' 
expanse  ..f  liwr.  eliir.  an.l  ior.'st.  wo.d.l  l.e  li.uht.-.l  np.  I  h'' 
u'mv  shont  'the  l..irl.arie  rev.Ory  .■eh..e.l  throu-h  th.-  -n.nd 
soiitn.l.'s:  an.l  tlu>  <lnsky  ^varri..r.  s.iuaw,  an.l  paiM"'*'^"; 
ir„t,.,l  a1...ut  ill  all  Ww.  vari.nl  enjoyments  of  savajiv  hie  vahI 

leisure'.'  ^,     ,,      ,^,,,      ,. 

F„rt  Frontenae  was  ivarhed  in  sal.'ty.     On  th.'  Ib.h  ..I 

Novenilvr.  I.:i  Salle  s.-nt  a  small  v.«ssel  of  ten  tons,  with  a 
a,rk  to  ..(.  to  tlu'  I'urth.M-  extremity  of  Lake  Ontario,  u  dis- 
tance of  about  two  linndred  niile.s,  and  to  aseeii.l  the  Nn.«- 
.,ra  river  until  th.>  ianious  Falls  w.Me  ivaehed.  I  his  little 
,,,:,,.,  ,,oHtain.',lal...ut  thii'ty  ^v<..•km.■n.  with  provisions  am 
implements  h.r  .Mv.-tin-  a  fort,  an.l  buUdin-  a  v.-.s.sel  beyond 
t'le  Falls.  !it  th."  .'ast.'rn  end  of  h;d«"  Kne. 
'  M„„„  wn  v,.ars  pivviously- in  UWA  La  Salh-.  whde  on 
an  exi.lorin-  tour  with  a  party  of  missionaries,  had  diseov- 


I  Aljliolt. 


1 1 

1 


K. 

IMliMllinlis.       It 

\-     pidlKM'IS     IKI- 

St.  liiiu  iciicc, 
Idiiu'  its  Itiii.'ly 
vt'iy  iifiillifiiii;' 

•('('ssury  !<•  mil 
ell  1(111(1  <»r  inl- 
tiiilis.  Ill  li:iir 
t'llfiiim  ("iliip. 
rr,mi!inl  t\vi<i-s 

■ll.       II. Tr    tll.'V 

(1.  )it'rliiiiis,  rn- 
n  I  lie  [ini'ldis  (;1' 

pidl'iist'ly  scat- 
cr.  TIh'  scciH^ 
i(>  vny:iL!,t'rs  ali- 
ne wiuwaiiis  ill 
1(1  (>r  sdiius  Mild 
lie.     The  wiiolc 

iuiitcd  ll)*.   'riw 

loii.uli  the  UTMul 

and    iiajipiio'-d 

savap'  lilV  jukI 

On  the  18;li  ol' 
\o\\  tons.  \\'\\\\  !i 
?  Ontario,  a  <lis- 
scend  the  Niiig- 
lu'd.  This  litlie 
I  ])i;)visioiis  and 
:  a  v('ss(>l  beyond 

1  Salle,  while  on 
I'ies,  had  discov- 


M!) 


jifiitr.nT ('.\  vKUtni  />/■:  f..\  s.\r.LE. 

,.red  Nia"-ara'  Falls.  (JaliiK-e.  in  iiis  journal  of  this  expedi 
lion  wiVres:  "We  h.mid  a  river  oiie-eiuhlli  of  a  l.a.uiie 
1„,.ad  and  eMreiiiely  rapid,  foiniin-  the  onllet  iroin  hake 
l.',i..  to  LakeOnlnri...  The  (h-i'"'  i>  ••Mni-.rdinary.  We 
fumid  close  to  the  sIkmc  lil'ieen  or  sixteen  lathoms  ol  water. 
This.Hith'f  is  fortv  miles  loa-  It  has,  f...n.  ten  to  twelve 
H.ilcs  nlM.ve  its  entrance  into  Lake  Ontario  .me  ol'  the  lil.est 
,,,n„,„.,sin  theworhl.  All  the  Indians  s.y  that  the  river 
iMlls  I'roni  a  r..ck  hi-her  than  the  laUest  pines.     ^\ ;;'"'';'; 

,1„.  ,,,,.r  at  the  dislaii .f  ten  or  twelve  niih-s.      1  he  lall 

■  dvcs  such  a  nioni.'ntnni  to  the  water,  that  its  enrreut  i.re- 
vented  onr  aseeiidinfi,  ex..vi.t  with  -reat  dillienlty.  i  ho 
,.„,,,,nt  iiLove  the  lall  ^  so  ir-pid  that  it  ol'ten  sucks  in 
d,.,.r  and  stairs,  elk  and  roebnck.  in  their  elVoits  to  cross  the 
liver  and  overwhelms  them  in  its  fri-htfnl  abyss." 

This  is  the  earliest  known  description  of  Nia;?ara  l-alls. 
find  it  .s  but  riglit  to  add  that  it  is  IVom  the  pen  of  a  Cath- 
olic missionary.  ,  ,.  i  v  ,.. 
La  Salle  i-'ined  his  cmipanions  at  the  bead  ol  theMa,uai.i 
Vhvv  on  the  borders  of  Lake  Erie.  It  was  then  the  -JiHli  o 
.Tannarv,  MWX  The  iiv.>r  above  tlie  falls  was  one  sheet  ..£ 
i,.,.  ami  irsembleda  plain  pave.l  with  linely  polished  niarble. 
The   Indians  received  the  Frenchmen  with   much   Triend- 

1 1 11  OSS 

\Vl  the  soods  were  to  b(>  transported  tbvou.uli  a  trail  of  the 
forest,  covered  with  deep  snow,  around  the  Fulls  a  dis- 
tance of  about  twenty  miles.  It  was  to  be  dcme  on  the 
shoulders  of  men.  The  sava.t^es  kindly  aided  tn  tl'"'-'!';'''; 
(•ulean  labors,  and  wer.>  amply  ivpaid  for  days  of  toil  by 
the  present  of  a  knife,  a  hatchet,  or  a  few  trinkets,  as  dear 
nnd  valuable  to  them  as  are  pearls  and  diamonds  to  a  vain 
duchess  La  Salle  .■oiistructed  u  b.rtmed  depot  at  this 
plan,  to  serve  as  a  bas..  for  future  operations.  Here  he 
;.nuld  store  such  additional  supplies  as  he  miMld  order  Ironi 
Fort  Frontenac. 


'  >"mL;iiniiiU'aii^"m'eU  i>f  "iiliT."' 
» Till"  Niagara  riwr. 


.-)  1 1 


nniunir  r.\  vi:!.ii:n  ith:  la  saluj- 


On  tlic  30th  of  .1  iiiii!iry,  I.*)*!),  Lii  S:il1.'.  !in'om|i!inio(1  hy 
liis  loiiL!;  fiiiiii  of  lit';ivily  lMtl<'ii  iiicii,  if.  siiitiU'  lil''.  rmclu'd 
liis  hunt'  li>u;  ral'iii  und  sliiii  \  .ikI.  in  ilif  iiiithi  <>l"  n  dmsi' 
foivst  on  flit*  slioa's  of  liMk.'  Kri*',  'I'liry  ciini.'d  upon  tlifir 
backs  pidvisiuns,  iiHTrliiindi^t'.  iiniiiiimiiiuii.  inul  niiitfiials 
for  riuLiinir  the  v'-ssd.  Tlic  dnck  Viinl  it  could  lianlly  lio 
c:illt'(l  a  foit  was  altoiit  six  miles  al>o\o  Niauaia  l\ills.  mi 
tlic  western  sid.'  of  tin-  river,  at  theonrlet  of  a  liille  stream, 
now  c;illeil  Caynu'u  Creek.' 

Kvervtliin-j;  wassoiin  prepareil  fortlie  liiiiMinu' of  tjie  ves- 
sel. U\  Salle  laid  the  ki'el  wiili  his  (.'\n  hands,  and  drove 
111,.  |i,.,t  Im.Ii.  He  had  no  tlionuht.  however,  of  eiK  roacli- 
inii'  iip.M  the  lands  of  the  Indians.  His  was  to  he  no  war- 
like con(lllest.  The  ohjecl  of  his  ex|MMlition  was  solely  to 
make  discoveiies  in  the  name  <.f  Fiance.  His  uiaiid  aiidii- 
lion  was  to  see  the  haiinef  of  Fiance  ].roiiilly  tloal  over  Iho 
urwii  lakes  and  the  rich  and  l>oiiiidless  West. 

Willi  a  sauacity  quite  characti'iistic,  he  siiminoned  a  coun- 
cil (.f  the  chiefs  of  all  the  m-iiilihoriim-  liilies. 

••I  I  .me  ti»  you."  lie  .said,  "Ms  a  fiieiid  and  l>rollier.  T 
wish  to  i.iiy  y<»ur  furs.  1  will  i)ay  for  them  in  -uns  and 
ix.wdec.  knives,  hatchets,  kettles,  beads,  and  smdi  other 
articles  as  you  want.  ^  on  can  do  me  uood.  and  I  can  <ln 
von  unod.  "  We  can  be  brolhers.  I  am  bnildiliU'  a  vessel 
that  I  may  visit  other  tribes,  buy  tliejr  furs,  and  cany 
(Mir  piods"  to  them.  Let  us  sliak*.*  liands  and  smoke  the 
])ipe Of  friendship.  Tln^  (Jreat  Si)irit  will  be  pleased  to 
see  us.  His  (diildren,  lielp  eatdi  other  atid  love  each  other. 
1  wish  toestalilish  a  trading' post  here,  where  1  can  collect 
my  furs,  and  where  you  can  conx^  to  sell  lliejii.  .\nd  bero 
you  will  find  mechanics  who  will  mend  your  ^uns,  knives, 
and  kettles  when  they  uet  out  of  ordei-."' 

Tliese  were  honest  and   convincing;-  words.     All  .smoked 


1  It  U  two  ]rivsw  iil)ov4'  the  Full.'.  TiiimrdlMtcly  iti  fmtif  <>r  it  i«  an  i-l;iiwl  iilionl  ri  mile  Icm.', 
h;cii:iritc(l  fnmi  tile  >lion'  li.v  a  imrrow  iiiiil  (li'rp  :irin  "f  llir  Niir.' mi,  iiiti)  wliicli  Cmviilm  <  Tick  di^- 
chiiriri'-  ll-rir.  Till'  pl.'irc  is  sci  (ilividiisly  Miilcd  Id  liiiildiiiL'  nnil  i;iiii\(l\iii'.'  a  v,'"cl.  Iliat  in  tin) 
«arl>"|mrt  of  tlii«  ci.iitiMy  the  (iovi  rnincnt  .if  tin'  rnllcd  Slaf'*  cIhkc  It  for  tin'  cim-lrnction  of  a 
Hliim'KT  to  carr  siippli.- to  tile  L'arrl-ons  of  llic  Ipptr  Lalics.  Tliu  wigUborlug  villuge  now 
dear!'  the  name  of  Lii  ^n\W,-ruikman. 


•('f)iii|i!ini<'il  '>.v 

)'  lilr,  rr:i(-lu>(l 
(ht  of  ;i    (Irllst! 

'i)>(l  upon  tlii'ir 
iiiul  iiiiitdials 
)iil(l  liaiilly  lio 
maia  l\ills.  (Ill 
;i  liilh.'strt'iiin, 

lillU'  of    tin'  VPS- 

lids.  Mini  (liovn 
r,  of  rlKloiK'll- 
S  tn  lie  III)  Wiir- 
1  Wiis   solely  to 

is  uiiiihl  anibi- 
V  lloat  over  tliu 

iiiiio!i»'(l  a  coim- 
<. 

ii\(l  l>nillnT.  T 
in  in  tiiiiis  and 
ind  siK'li  other 
il,  and  I  can  do 
lildinu'  a  vessel 
Ill's,  and  i"iny 
and  smoke  tlic 

I  be  Jtleiised  to 
ove  eacli  other, 
re  1  <'an  collect 
leni,  And  liei'« 
ir  unns,  liiiives, 

s.     All  smoked 


i~l:inil  iilinnt  :\  tiiilc  liiiiu', 
1  \\  liirli  ('MyiiL'a  eiTck  (iH- 
!  liii;','  il  V''-^i'l.  lliMl  i"  111" 
I  forllii'  (■(iii-lniction  of  u 
;  ji^'ife'hljorlug  villuBo  now 


T 


i!oni:iiT  r.\vh:ui:n  m:  i..\  >*m n-: 


M:^ 


,1„.  plr f  peace  and  ^'lasped  haii.ls  in  loUe.i  of  hateii.ity. 

The  riencl.inan.  h.r  IVoin  l.einjr  an  nieniy.  was  a^  henelador. 
111.  life  was  to  ..eca.er.dly  protected.     Sho..ld  he    I .om  n..^ 

Kind  treatment,  .vn.se  to  co.ne  to  their  coiM.i.y,  lh<"y  co..  d 
I:,,,  ,,,  ,,,,n.  ,uns.   O.  k.dves,  <.r  Uet.les;    a..d    hence|o.-th 

rverv  wi-wam  wel.'..ine.l  the  entrance  <.l'  a  I- .enchnmii. 

l)mii.'.x  the  construction  of  the  new  vess.  I  l.u  Salle  was 
,d,sent  attending  to  other  malteis  of  inip...tai.ce.  and  the 
NN<.rU   prouivssed   ninh-r  ll.eM.peri..lemh-l.<e,:t   h.s  lleule,,- 
.,„j    .,',,ti.      Ill  the  spring'  >lie  was  .va.ly   for  la..t.ch.n;.-. 
'r,ther  ;ien,.epin  ^;ave  he,'  his  l.h.ssin.u-,  the  ..mnons  were 
liivd,  and  amid  the  wihl  shontsof  Indians,  and  the  solemn 
,.l,,nr  of  the  Tr  ihini,,  she  -H.h.d  safely  iuK.  the  N.a-a.a 
livei-      I/.  Salle  named   her   the  <//•///•/•//, ^  ill   honor  ol   th.^ 
(;oui;t  tie  l-'ronteiiac's  arn.oiial  hea.in^s. 
On  the  7tl.  of  A.i^Mst,  i;oi»,  the  voyapM's.  thirty-fonr''  in 
.,11  ,,nlK.rkedM'n«l^vi.tl.sv,..lli..,^•canva.the^V//////plo..u■hed 
',1,;.  ^iroin  waves  of   Lake  Krie.  ul.ere  sail  was  never  seen 
,,„lo,v'    For  Ihre..  (h.ys  they  held  their  •■ourse  over  these 
uul.i.own  waters,  and  on  ll..'  to..rth  l...ned  northward  into 
th  •  Strait  ..f  Detroit.     Here,  <m  the  rif^l.t  hand  and  o.i  the 
lelt   h.v  venh.nt  prai.ies,  doited  with  .proves,  and  borde.ed 


with  lofty  lorests 
tr 


Thev  siiw  walnut,  chesn.it,  and  wil(l].l.iin 

.f  d. 


trees,  and  oak  fe.sto.med  with  -rape  vimvs;  herds  ol  ,h-e.', 
nnd  Hocks  of  swans  mid  wild  t..rkeys.     Thel...lwarks  ol  th« 
(irillln  we.e  vleniifully    h.n.,-  with  j:ame  which   the  men 
killed  on  sho.e.  and  amonu'  the  rest  with  a  n,.ml.er  ol  bears 
,.,,   ,,„„„„,Hled  by  Fath.'r  Hennepin  lor  their  want    ot 
n.citv   a.id   the   excellence   of    their   tlesh.-lh<;se. e 

s.,vs    ••who  will  one  day  l.ave  the  happiness  to  p<.ssess    1. is 

feitiie  and   pleasant  stnut,  will  be  very  n...ch  obliged  to 

h       w  lo  have  shown  them  the  way."     They  c.ossed  Lake 


I    AllllDll. 


: :  ill  fact,  llu'  Indian-  nnniml  Niiii.'iiru  nxin  ur.'W 


Tin-  -'"ill  f.'.Hn'-'.  li.m.'V.T,  cli  1  not  \:\-\  V<\vi 
)..,,l.„i.":in.l  M,-l.i.l„ns  of  (In  ir  Knn.l.  iu.,«hlmr.. 

bcr.    Tin  y  uccouumuica  llic  usi.taitiou  us  misswuurlcb. 


r^n 


nnnr.nv  c.wkuhu  dh  a.i  sa/./.k. 


St.  Clair,'  and  >fill  sailfil  noiHiwanl  a-ralnsf  the  cmront, 
till  now.  s|);iiUlin,!j;  In  llif  sun.  l/ikf  llnron  spivatl  hffurn 
(licni  liUf  a  >fa.' 

Al'ttT  bravely  wratlidlnu^  n  violent  linnifano  of  srvt-ral 
day?*'  (Inratit)n,  tin-  ^'/•//////  reiiclM'd  Mafkiitaw.  On  liU 
Sailc's  aiiival  at  this  old  mission  <-i'(i(«t,  iIk'  Indians  were 
aliont  to  run  away  in  l'ri.u;lit.  Tin'  cans.'  of  it  all  was  iIkj 
vessel  and  lier  white,  llapiiinu;  sails;  Itnt  when  they  heard 
the  roar  of  the  cannon,  their  terror  and  aslonishineiit  wero 
in<les('ril)al)!e. 

The  i»irty  nr»w  lainh'd  in  state,  and  marched,  under  arms, 
to  the  l);iik  chiilifl  of  the  Ottawa  villa,i;<'.  where  Mass  was 
celebratMl.  L;i  Salle  knelt  hel'ore  the  altar,  dressed  in 
;i  mantle  t)r  si-arlet,  bordered  with  ;:<M.  Around  him  on 
every  side  were  kneelin.i!:  sailors,  artisans,  Imrdy  biish- 
ran.uvrs.  and  iMinteil  savages.  It  wa.-;.  ii  di'viait  but  motley 
<'oiiLn'egation. 

The  (,'iilJJii  proceeded  on  her  voya,i;i\  and  on  tlni  3d  of 
Septeml)er  cast  anchor  in  (irei'u  Hay.  This  was  the  desti- 
nation of  the  travelers,  so  far  as  they  could  ]>roceed  by 
>valer  and  make  nso  of  their  vessel.  La  Salle  bad  come  to 
tliis  tradin,!j;i>nst,  \r>  collect  the  furs,  which  had  been 
brought  here  from  the  inteiior,  and  havinu'  laden  \\\i' (i/-{flin 
with  them,  in  order  to  sutisfy  his  clamorin^y-  cicdilors.  he 
disiiatched  her  foi-  Mauara.  with  lli<^  "richest  cargo''  that 
h  id  yet  been  borni'  on  the  waters  of  Lake  Krie." 

La  Salle  and  his  men' now  directed  their  conrso  towards 
the  south.'     On  reachin-^  Lake  IVoria,  on  the  Illinois  river, 


\ 


>  r»  Snllc  immod  It  Snin'r  Chtiir.  In  liiiiKir  of  tUf  liuly  viiijiii  of  tlml  name.  Tlio  ppM  iil  immc. 
Ill-  I'arkiiiim  jiii-lly  ^(•llllll■li^'.  h  a  pcrvcri-lDii. 

-  I'ai'kiiian. 

»  II  «aw  valiu'd  at  omt.'iO.iVKI  fraiicx. 

*  I'oiirti'cii  In  iiiimlici,  IiicIikIIii^  tin.'  tlinv  mlsslnnarlo*. 

« The  limit 'oiiriicy  fnim  (irrcii  Hay  to  Fort  rrOvcni'nrwai  full  of  advontnrc",  wlilrh  tlio  lirovltv 
iif  our  hkili'liwlll  nut  lurniit  n*  to  ri'iiroiliiio.  Wr  iniTrly  ylaiici'  at  one:  In  Iryins: ."  Ilml  'li"v:iv 
lliat  Ifil  ridiii  til'  St.  .lii^i'iili  riviT  ID  the  liraihvalir-'  of  tlii'  Kaiikakii',  l.a  Saiic  liii|ini(liihiy 
n't  out  to  lAploro  atoiii'.  lie  lo>t  111.-"  way  In  tin'  (li'iw  fori'Ht.  Tin'  ilarkiii'-'  of  a  (.toriiiy  tiii.'lit 
Hith  fallinL'  Mnm  oviTtook  lilni;  ami  hv  tlrcil  IiIh  u'mii  a-  a  »lirnal  of  iji-'tri'sj.  Hut  Klli'mt'  wa<  Ihr 
only  answer.  Soon,  however,  lie  saw  In  t!ie  liistiinee  Ilie  .1^'Iit  of  a  lire,  .t  wa-<  tin-  eiieanipnient 
of  n  lone  Inilian  who  hail  forineil  fur  liiiiiself  a  soft  lied  'if  leave-.  The  Huviigovvui*  ttlanned  liy  the 


\  t1»f»  rnrrfnf, 
spif'Utl  hfforo 

1110  of  several 

IlilW.       (^11     liU 

IiiiUmiis  wcim^ 
it  ill!  \v!is  iIhj 
'11  tliey  liejird 
lisliriieiit  wero 

1,  under  iiniis, 
lere  Mass  wiH 
r,  dressed  in 
Kniiid  liiiii  on 
hardy  l)iisli- 
iit  but  luotley 

on  tlid  2d  of 

rt'as  tlie  (lesli- 
d  proceed  by 
e  lind  t'onie  to 
icli  had  been 
leii  \\u'<!r!JJiii 
;  eredibil's,  he 
st  cargo"  that 

oiirso  towards 
'  Illinois  river, 


lie.    Till'  iirt's^int  immo. 


Inri's,  wlilcli  tlio  iirovlty 
II  Ir.vinc  .iilliHl  Ml"  viiv 
,  \m  Siiiic  liii|ini(lcihiy 
WW**  of  II  stiiriny  tiii.'lit 
■■'.  Hut  sili'iicc  ";i "  Ihi' 
.t  wii-<  tlic  I'lu'iiniimicnt 
HIiowui*  uliiriiu'il  liy  the 


uoimtt T  r.w  r.i. iFM  in:  i. . i  .««•. i /. /. K- 

hr^  hocr.in  flu'  consfriictl.m  of  a  fort  to  which  h-  uave  th(» 
wid  iianie  <.f  CievecuMir,  or  tlie  -JhoUen  h.-arl.d.  This 
WIS  the  j'irst  civlli/rd  occupation  of  the  re^iiiui  whicU  now 
f.irms  the  Stat.'  of  Illinois.  Tho  spot  may  still  be  seen, 
II  litth'  Ixdow  Teoria^  CrevtM-ipiir  tells  of  disaster  and  suf- 
fering but  do-s  n>  ju^tic'  to  til.-  iron  hearted  ouistaiicy  of 
the  snlh'ivr.  rp  to  this  time  he  hail  cliin;,'  to  the  hope  that 
Ills  vessel,  the  <,'///////,  iiiiuht  still  be  safe.  Her  safety  was 
vital  to  his  enter|)rise.  She  had  on  boaid  articles  of  the 
last  necessity  to  him,  incliidini;  the  rit^uiui;  mid  anchors  of 

aiK.tlu-r  vessel,  whi<'h  he  was  to  buihl  at   Fort  I'rev cur, 

inor.h-r  to  descend  ;lie  Mississippi,  and  sail  thence  to  Hip 
AVest  In(ll»'.s.  Jler»»  his  last  hope  had  vanished  She  was 
doubtless  lost;  and  in  her  loss  he  and  all  his  plans  seemed 

ruined  alike." 

La  Salle's  supplies  were  now  exhausted,  lie  dependeil 
o:i  the  return  of  his  vessel  for  more.  One  path,  bes.>t  with 
hardships  and  tern.rs,  still  lay  open  to  him.  lie  niij;ht  re- 
turn on  fo(»t  to  Fort  Fronlenac,  through  over  twelve  hundred 

miles  of  a  wil.h'rness,  and  bring  thence  the  n lliil  succors. 

Leaving  Tonti  tocoinmand  in  his  absence,  he  set  (uit,  acconi- 
Tianied  by  four  Frenchmen  and  a  Mohegaii  Indian.' 

It  was'earlv  iu  March,  K'kSO.  The  journey  was  really  ter- 
rifviii"-  Sixty-live  davs  of  toil  ami  misery  passed  beloro 
they  readied  Nhigara 'Falls.  All  but  La  Salle  were  over- 
come with  disease  and  exhaustion.  The  foli(.wing  is  a 
glimpse  of  some  of  the  (.ideals  thnmgh  which  they  passed. 
Tt  is  from  the  pen  of  Li  Salle  himself: 

"At  noon  oti  the  2."jth,"  '  he  writes,    "we  resumed  onr 


r<.i,.  rt  of  flic  "iiti  nnd  flcl.  I.ii  Si.llc  ..ntrrml  Into  po«K..».|.i.i  <.f  lli«  cliooncM  TiiirtflrH  lu.rt  »;ept 
Hmn.llv  imlirninrniiii.'.  All  Hi-'  fonimmi  of  Hi.'  niNt  .luy  lio  Hiiiiilrrr.l.  .iml  ;t  «-,^  kV.  ,n;i.  .lio 
,ift,.riio,m  lli;it  lie  w,|.<  ^o  forliiimt,.  a-  •..  ■'.■  iil.l.Mo  nj<Mii  Iih  r..in|..inion-.  .[  "anir  t.  w.la  ;wo 
doiKl  opo-iuii-  liiin-liiK  lit  \\\*  Di'lt-IlK'  ri'-iut  of  liN  •ulvniliiroiw  liiii.ini;  o.;ni.>ioi. 

]hZ Z'  ilrtffln  pcrlfhPil,  or  what  iji'Miii.-  ol  !ur.  i^  not  Known  w'tli  crta.ii.v:  -I'lt  -hp  vai 
ncvir  ■ii.'iiin  ticiird  of. 

>  While  l,a  Salle  was  oi,  his  «»v  lo  .'aiiailli.  Father  I-.aiU  lleiiiiepin.  "ly  '.i-  •'.rderH,  eft  f■^r^ 
erOveeo.nr.  anil  exnloreil  he  I|.|ht  Ml-i-^ippl  as  ::ir  as  ;he  Kail-  nf  <t.  An.li..iiy-i!ie  '.ano 
-iveii  hy  the  Kmneistan, ;»  liuiior  of  the  famous  St.  An.hony  ;.f  I'a.liia. 

^  Miircli. 


•Ill 


M^ 


jimit.iir  vAvnunn  i>n  /.»  sm.i.k 


walk  tlirnii'.:Ji  tlio  wnntlt.  wlili'li  wrri'  HM  nmlftil  wifli  rli<irn< 
ninl  liiiiiiil)l"H  tliMf  ill  two  mill  a  hall'  »la\s  ..iir  clntlirs  \mt.! 
tiU!i  tn  faMrV'*.  ami  niir  faciH  hk  McrafrhiMl  thai  \v«»  liiir.lly 
kiM'W  I'ach  otliiT.     On  tli"  •istli.  ili"  woixh  wfif  iimiv  oii.-ii, 

mill  wi-  Iti-'iaii  fo  faiv  iM'tfi-r.   i tliiu:  a   p»'hI  tjiiaiiiliy  ..f 

^anic.  «*iii'li  as  il.M'i',  lMai>.  ami  liiik«'.v*.  wlilfli  \\r  liail  imt 
I'uiiiiil  IimI'i.iv.  sn  that  \m'  lia<l  ••lU'ii  tiavrh-il  IVuiii  iiinriiiiig 
till  iii.ixlir  wlrhuiir  lnvakr.i'f." 

Tin-  imloiniralili'  ti-avi'li-rs  wi'iv  iii»\v  ciossln!,'  fli»'  •*niit1i»'ni 
j)at't  hI'  Mii'iriiria.  IiiliaiiH  w.'iv  rolluwiii-j;  tln'iii.  mul.  !•> 
thiow  till'  savauvi  ell'  tin-  track,  tln-y  m'I  liiv  t<>  thi'  thy 
trrasH  uf  the  niM-lnws  thioii-^ii  \vhi«-h  tln-y  i.a<*HiMl,  towiiM' 
(.lit  aiiv  mail;>^  <•!'  their  trail. 

»'\v"i'  dill  tills."  n.Mtimii's  La  Sallr.  •'<'V(>iy  tildit.  If 
nriMwi'icil  v.'ty  wi-ll  so  |(ai--!H  Wf  fuiiinl  <>|m'1i  li.'l(l>;  I'nl  lai 
tlif  :!ii;li  wf  uot  iiitn  uri'iit  niai'slii's  lli.ddfil  l»y  lln-  iliaws, 
mid  wi'i"  I'l.r.i'd  tn  uadi-  thrnaudi  tlii'iii  in  mud  ami  waft-r, 
su  thai  our  tracks  were  si'cn  hy  a  band  ol'  Mnskontius  who 
wciv  out  after  Iroipiois.  'I'hcy  rollouvd  iis  tliioiiuli  tla- 
niarshisdiiriiiii'  ili*-  ihin"  days  wn  wciv  cro^siiiu-  lliiaii,  hut 
\v»'  niadi'  no  lire  at  niuht,  iiu'ivly  takiiiir  ofT  »air  soaked 
clothes,  ami  wrapping  oiirsi'lves  in  our  blankets  on  some 
dry  knoll,  where  wi-  slept. 

"Ihit  as  there  was  an  nncoiiinioiily  shar[»  i'rost  on  the 
niirht  of  the  -Jd  of  .\pril,  and  as  our  clothes,  which  wein 
completely  saturated,  were  still"  as  sticks  in  the  inornimj;, 
we  could 'not  put  them  on  without  makin.u'  a  lire  to  thaw 
them.  This  betrayed  us  to  the  Indians,  who  were  en- 
camped across  the  marsh.  They  lan  towards  us  with 
loinl  cries,  but  were  stopiu-d  half-way  by  a  water-c<»nrse, 
wliich  they  could  not  get  over,  as  the  ice  was   md  stroii.t; 

omuiuh. 

«-\Ve  went  towards  them  within  ^ninsliot,  and,  whether 
our  lire-arms  frii-hteiied  them,  <u-  whether  they  tliouudit 
there  were  more  of  us  than  there  really  w<Me,  or  whether. 
in  fact,  they  meant  us  no  hai'ni,  they  called  out  in 
the  Illinois  lanjj;uaKc  that  they  had  taken  us  for  Iroipiois, 
but  now  saw  that  we  were  brothers;  whereupon  they  went 


iMituir  i:.\vt:ui:tt  m:  i..\  s.ii.u: 


m 


•i1  \\U\\  fliorn* 
r  clullics  wi'i'ii 

liiir  WM  liiir<lly 

|c   IlKHt'   ii|(l'U, 

III  (|ii:ililit\'   iif 

ll    \\r   llilil    IHit 

riutli  Itliil'llili!^ 

X  tll<'  soilllnTtl 
tlliMII,    Mini.     Il» 

If  to  tli<'  'Iry 
inss"'<I.  !'•  wipM 

cry  Ill-Ill.  Ir 
liclil>;  l>Mt  (III 
l»y  tln'  lliaux, 
ihl  mill  wiitdv 
nskoiitiiis  u  lio 
s  lliiitiiuli  iht' 
tiiiir  tliciii.  I>ut 
ijT  iiiir  somUi'iI 
nUt'ts  nil  soiiio 

[)  IVosf    oil    tlm 
'S,    \vllirll    ui'l'H 

1  tlic  miiriiiiiir, 

;i  liiv   to   tllilW 

who    well'    t'll- 

,V!ll'(ls     us     wUll 

I  wiitt'r-cnniHt', 
,vas  IK  it  stroiit; 

,  ami,  Avlit'tlicr 
llicy  tliimu^lit 
re,  or  wlii'tlit-r. 
cnlli'd  (tiif  in 
IS  fur  Ii'iKiuois, 
poll  they  went 


of?  as  tli.'v  mm.',  aii.t  wo  h'Ut  mi  our  «aN  till  i  If  Hi".  \^»"» 
twoof  tiiv  ni.-n  I'.'ll  "i'lMiii.l  <oulil  not  liavrl."' 

Tl,i,  is  but  o,,..  of  a  hmi.lrr.l   .-xauipl.'s   iliui    miulit   Iki 
dtHl-MXJiiMl'l'''*  >vlil«li  ''•"'^^  tli.Mlarhm  .-n.-iuy  ami  It.n.l.! 

,,,in„ r  1,1  Sail.'.     Hut  1,1.  iiiHll.Mvis  iri.-l  .o  ill..  u.iu.-t. 

„„,..„„  H..v..ntMla>H  I,..  ,..a.li.-.ir...l  l-Vout.-i....-   ami  ...• 
,„o.,  .li.t..-iu^"i  .i"lliu.'i.n.  Hll.Mll,l,s..«rs  tr..n.  "V'v  >•-  '• 
Til..  l....Hor  111..  '//////"  ^>"-  .•oiilln.i.'.l.     'II...  i.-WH  "I  '  H 
nHtuf  uft.-r  .linasfr  IVIl  ui.oi,  l.i.i.  lik-  an  av.ilai.r  a-.     Ills 
",,.„.s  l.ail  ,.luml...v.l  liim  his  ...v.li'...s  |,;..   s..,/..i|   ..s  „iop 
..HV    a  l.aml  of  lal...i..|s  ..n  ill.' wry  ...  i.^in   Iniu  ha-l  l-.'U 

.....Vmianl  I..  .h.s..r., I'   his  n.M.H.s  n.hly  lmh..MMiU 

urs  ha-l  I II  l"^t  in  llm  laphls  ..f  ll..'  Si,  l.nvi.m-.  ami  a 

,hip    r.u.M    I'la.i.v,   n..i;ilil.-l   will.   P-lH   '"    ""•  ^""'•'  ''^ 
.M.dfKir.vi.'s.  had  l>.-..|i  lolally  wi.rU.'l. 

V,.|  ..virv  iliilh-ultv  ha.l  nivn  way  l»'l.>.v  Ih.'  l.i.huuital.l- 
Lu  S-.ll-     "ll,-  ha.l  sun...f.l.-a  in  .-..H.'.  li.m'  ni-.i.  r;,i,o..s.  am 
HU.u.ri.'S  ami  N.as  ou  III.,  l-i.it  or  l.a.l.-u.i.u  l.aH;  MS  h..  I.a. 

n   M.,ln.tl.*-.-li.'r''lT..u.iamllli...n.n...|lw 
(-,vv...o.ur,..n  ,h..Iir.m.ls.al...nluo('u.a.l.ans,..spai.-h...l 
l.v.ha..aii.vr,l..ou,h.   hi.nwo,s..|i.li..KHlhanal..^^^^^^^^^^ 

Ton.i  Nviot..  that  m-arlvall  his  ni.-n  ha.l  .l.-s.H.'i  ,  ali.-i    h' 
:.       ..      .1.   l.lnna...i...  .!..'  n.a,a/i.|.^  ami   lh,o..,,« 

h,;:;,lm.lv..-all.l^a....s,g..uas,»nasto.vs,hat.h.^ 

"'[;'s:il,:ts,  n..  tin..^  in   lan.-.n.ation      U-  -on  I..a.n..a 
thll     .l..s..r....slia.l,.assi..lNia,a.a,a...lvu;.vo...  IH^^ 

•  ,.,,,„„.,„,,  ,vh.....  1..'  ll."n  was.  uit.-n.l.nu'  lo  U.ll  him 

.:./,,.vnii.h.   nmlhini.as,l...sn..stwayy...srap. 

nshim.nt."  11..  .li.l  i.or  await  lli.-i."  npi'-aH.    I.iit  w-nr  . 

.  t       '.     with  su.h  m..n  as  li..  ha.l.  ai..-<.v......l  l.m.n  on 

U.  .1  .i..,  ami  ...,....,.-.1  all  l.nt  two,  who  nimh^  Mult 
. ;  \v  .  I  o  l.v  his  IOII..W....S.  This  was  on-  point  .•a.n..a. 
'"  i  ;  It..  ;oMi.i.au.h..-.  1..^  .u.xr  ...nt  all  ..is  tl..>,.ul..s  ,o 
su    .     i   -Xuti  an.l  th..  .1..' ••   K'or   la,tl.l..l    nmn  w.io 

;  I.i.h'hi.nat   th.  lll.no.s      A  a....p  a,.x...  y   ...  ^ 

s  .ss  .,1  hi...  F..I-  son...  ti....'  past  n  runun-  had  spivml  .l.ar 
tlirhull.:uis,  e.u-ouragod,  as   lie  be.ieved,  Uy  in.  e.ienn...s. 


;« 


fi^A 


R(.r>Mii  i.\yt'ith:n  hh:  i.\  sm.i.n. 


\ 


wi'ri'  |»n|Kiilntf  r»  j^riiiul  ininml  Intu  iIm'  viillfy  of  rtm  !ll|. 

IIOIH     Whiih    fhh'lltflU'il    to    |||\..|\.     ill  II  •■ollUlinlMl.  HtriKfloM 

till-  ti'llM".  ul  tliiit  .|iiuil«'r  (iti.l  tlif  luriiiit  .oltiiiy  ul'  \a\  i^n\U\ 

'III.'  tlllllp'l    VMI-  I  111  to<     IVlll 

||i>  WiiH  hill  half  Nviiy  ti.  hh  .h'sthiiitloti  >vhoii  a  ho-.t  of 
||o.iiioh  wiiiihMH  r.'ll  iipoii  Tniiil  iiii-l  hl'^  lii.liiiii  iilli.H,  tiiiil 
illh>*l  th."  Milh'V  of  ihi  llliiioK  ss\\\\  raniiiK"'  mul  (U\a«*ta 
tioii  \Vh«'ii,  iil'ii'i  u  Iniii  ami  w.-iiiy  joijiiu-y,  tin-  •laiiiill.  ^s 
ha  Stilh'  am!  hi-  IoIIi.w.'Ih  r -ai'hfd  tho  jxn-at  town  of  th«« 
Ilhiiois  wh.'iv  If  li'»iM-il  t..  ihi*!  his  ll.'iitciiuiii,  h.-  I..  li.l<l  a 
nioti   y;li:i^tlv  Mrt'iic. 

"On  III.'  ImI  ol  |).'i.'iiiIm-i,"  Ii.'  mii.xs.  "w.-  unlvi'-l  inr.r 
..\.iiiii-  ai  th.'towii,  uikI  foiiiul  iioihiii^j;  hut  a^li.'Him<l  llio 
i..|h>  ol  liotpiols  fiiiy,  Kv.'iylliliiK  was  «h'.Htioy.-.l,  and 
iKilimv  iviiiaiiHil  1)111  til.'  siiiiii|.H  ol"  hiini.'.l  I.mIu;.' I'ol.'s, 
wlii.-li  sIii;w.mI  what  ha.l  hi'.'ii  III.' .'Xl.'lit  «»f  tli.'  villa;-.-,  iiimI 
on  III..NI  .•!'  wlii.li  w.'ii' Htiick  (Icail  iin'irH  linMls  lialf  «-at.'ii 
L'v  ill.'  iTows.  'I'll.'  li.'ltlM  wt'iv  Htrt'wn  with  (•ai'<'aM>.'s, 
^'Mawt'il  l>  w.tlv.'s,  Till'  s.'a(V.»l.ls  on  wlii.li  lli*'  .l.-a'l  Imil 
Im-.'Ii  plac-il  III  till' n-ni.'l.'iy  wci.'  nil  toin  «l..wii,  ami  such 
ol  ill'-  ImmI'i.-s  n»  liail  h.'i'U  huii.-.l  w.-r.'  diiK  up  i>i"l  ^*.'alt.'iv.l 
,iv.'i  ilii'  lii.miiil.  Tin'  wolv.'s  wi-r,'  tcaniiK  «li''i>i  I'fl'oi''  our 
v\vs  with  ^traiiu.'  Iiowlln^s."  ' 
*  \,\\  Siill.'  aii.l  Ills  iin-ii  soii'j:ht  till  iiiulit  for  trac-s  of  Toiitl 
nil. I  lii>  r.'w  (•niiii,;iiiiou>H.  hill  ill  vain  tln-y  H-aiili.-.l.  'roiiii 
was  not  I.  I'.'  loiiiid.  'riit'y  •'iininijM'.l  on  the  npot.  "I 
]»a!'*H.'<l  III.-  ni;:lit  lull  of  lr..ui.h'/"  wiil.'s  th.'  Ki'<''>t  t'Xiiloivr. 
'*l  c.iiiltl  11. )t  sict'i  ,l»ur  Iri.'.l  in  vain  l.>  niak.-  iil>  my  mind  as 
tt   what  \  .)U,uht  to  <lo." 

Inn  111'  was  no  divamcf.  Kv.'r  "up  and  il.iin.u',  willi  a. 
Ii.-an  hirany  I'ai.-,  "  In' ayaln  set  out  in  s.-airh  for  his  lim- 
t.'iiant,  and*  passed  down  tlio  lllimus  till  li.'  cam.'  to  tim 
Mississippi  Kr.  in  a  rock  .ui  III.'  hanks  of  tlu'  ^ivat  livcr 
he  saw  a  ti.'.'  l.-anin;:  lowar.ls  th.-  wah-r.  He  stripix'.l  it  ol' 
jis  haik.  in  orth'r  to  iniiku  it  nioiv  consiucuoiis,  Iiuiik  i»p'»" 


Thf  ti>n-ffr,mcnm'(l..iTl|.t:iii  <>.  I„.  Suli.  -  r.'niiirUiilil.' J-iiriicy  from  K,irl  Cr.'vrr..  iii  I'.rort 
FroMl.  nil.,  ui..  tm.l  r  Inkit,  «i,i- .mii.. -iiuh  rlmimi.--',  from  IMrkiimnV  iirll.i..  .«,  I.:i  Sullo,  lii 
>■•(.  \uri;i  Aiinivur  htiuii  !ui  Novtii.Utl    ISiT. 


nniih:iir  r.wmiF.n  m:  u  fMin, 


m 


•y  of  rli»>  fill- 

>tl  ill  Htnirtloii 

In>n  t\  1io><t  of 
iiiii  nllli"^,  timl 

llltil    tlfNitntU 
till'  tlilMlltll'NH 
low  II    <ll'     lIlH 

,  lie  It.lnld  :i 

}  anlvrtl  iii'i'.r 
n^lu'H  iiiid  llio 
r.stroynl,  iiikI 
1   \iuV4r  pdl.'s 

|t>  villllK*'i  »ii*l 

tU,  liiiir  niti'ii 
Itli  «'ar«'iiH!Ni'M, 
iliM  il<>ii<l  liiiil 
iwii,  tiinl  siK'lt 
»  ami  Hcalti'i't'tl 
•  •Ml  lirroic  our 

lacfs  of  'I'niitl 
iirla'd.  Toiitl 
tlic  split.  "  I 
un-at  ('Xploicr. 
u[»  my  tiiiiul  as 

(loinjr,  witli  a 
h  for  Ills  lit'ii- 
»'  caiiH'  to  flii» 
till'  ;il'i'al  liver 
'  striitp<'<l  if  of 
us,  liiiiii;  upon 


Kcirl  Cri'M  I'll  III  I'l  I''ort 
f  lirllilc  oil    l.:l  Sull.',  Ill 


It  H  ».nai.l,  on  uiii.l,  1...  Iia.l  .liiivMi  HuMi-."*  of  lilmH.lf  ai.a 
M,  nun.  ..•al.'.l  in  lln-li-  nino...  and  h..a.inu  a  pipj-  of  p..»n-. 
Tofl.h  J...  i\M  u  l.'ilMi'  for  Tiinll.  lHr..in.ln«  him  llmi  la. 
Imd  ivtnin.'d  up  tlu'  lU.r  ti.  ilu'  nilmd  villa«.'.' 

I,,  Sail..  n.iNN  pu^lad  np  ill.-  llliaoiN  and  aiilv..d  at  ll... 

l„„Hi..n  ..r  III.'  KaiiUaU...'  ulil.  il»i<«  »lv..f.  rally  ill  .laiiiuiry. 

h,m      ili'iv  h.'  l-n  l.i^  •'iiiio.'s.  and  with  his  lour  nan  l.-uan 
nnovnlaial  jnani-yiol'iMt  Mln.ni  .m  th.  S,,  Joseph  ilvr, 

upn.1  vshi.lili.'had.stal.li>li"dinov''>r"*l"-loi.'. 
Sia.vN  I'.ll  in  i-iHli.-ion.  illl  ih-  .'ailh  was  d.-pi .  hml-d. 

Ho  lluhf  and  dry  was  It.  that  to  walk  on  snowshoeH  was  Ini 

i„,s.il,h';  andhaSal!.'alH-rhls.'.i>l..ii.lni.Uth..|iad.tnl....aU 

1„.    pMth   and   .hiir   on   his    U>\h,sui^      l».-|;<t..    his   tall 
Malar.'.  h.'olti.|.ua.l.dlhi...mhdiirisiiMli.. waist,  whih-thM 

niinloihdonlH.hlnd     th.-sn..w.  shak.'n  Ir.an  ih.'  lair.h'ri.'.l 

twl-s,  show.'ria-  on  ih.n.  as  th.'V  |.m— •!.     \U.v  .x.vssiv.. 

falit'ii.'   th.'V   r.'a.'li.-.l    ih-ii'  uoal,   an.l    I'.hiii.I   sh.'lli'r  uiid 

HaMv  within  th.' walls. . I  r.at  Miami.' 
II.,;..  1,,  s  .11..  Illicit  hiiv.0.ro...h..l  ..a  tlu«n'.hMil.h.d  rain  that 

hudlM'lall-nhim     tli..  d.'sp.imli.m' iVi-mK 'h- '•n-'""^' ^^'"•^• 

u\v«st...l  .■m.r.i.s,  th...r..shi,.,'  h-a-l  ..r  d.  a,  ll...  s,..nay 

vis.    fh.'  l.la.k  ami  luw."ria.i  rut-.r.'.     Mat  his  n.ttal  was  ol 

a   dilV..r..at    l.-iap--.     H"  >""'    ""   'l'""^'''. '"."  "•.  ^'''M'H" 

uill.  a.lv..rslly,  and  .a.t  ..f  tho  rra^aa.nts  .d  his  n.ia  lu  nar 

the  fahrh.  ofa  irinmphaiU  sii. ss.'         ,   ,  .       , 

||,.wnald  mit  r......il;  hut   h"  n.odill.'.l  his  plans  I.,  imrt 

J,,..   ,„.,v  ,ui.tiau'..m.y.     Hin  white  em.n.h's   had   f.aiial.  nv 
,,„1,.,.  ,,,,|mps  ha.l   and...  a  savap'   nlly  in  tla^   Iro.paas 
Their  ila.ursi.a,  n.ast  W  sl..pp..d,  .a-  hi^  ..nterpris.-  w.a.l. 
„„„..  ,.,  „:„mht;  ami  h..  th.aiuhl  la-  saw  the  na'ans  hy  wl.a.| 

,l,is    n.'W   .la.iu.'. n!-l    1>< "^-"'"'l    '"'"';    ^";"''"   "' 

,„vn..tl.  Th.'  trilH's  ol-  th..  W.'st.  thn.at..ne.l  l.y  th.'  r.aa- 
,nna  ^nea.v.  i.dj;lit  1...  tan.ud.t  t..  f-a-^vt  th.'ir  nintaa.  aminos^ 
ith's,  aa.l   .i"in  ia  a  d.leasivo  league,  with  l/i  ^alk•  at  ita 


I  Piirkiiinn 
0  I'iirl;ni!iii 


I?  •! 


v!.;;  Mi'.m.  «u.  im  .1...  SI.  ..aM,.!..  1  y  .he  l-crrtcr-  of  U.k.  M.ttuff.n 


•Ai 


f, 


053 


h'<)nFlir  CAVEUER  Tie  L.1  SAfJ.E. 


I\ 


ln'iid.  Tlicy  niiiilit  Itf  ('((loiii/cd  snouiid  liis  fnit  in  tlii- val- 
It'v  of  till'  liliii(»is,  wliciv,  in  the  sll!l(lo^v  of  tlm  Kivncli  ll;ii.% 
and  witli  fliciiid  of  Kicncli  iillics,  tUry  could  hold  llii-  Iro- 
(jiiois  in  cIk ck,  iuid  aciinii'i-,  in  some  niciisMir.  tlic  ;;iis  of 
scttlt'il  life.  Till-  I'liinciscjin  Fatlicis  could  tcacli  llu'ui  ilic 
Faith;  and  Li  Salle  and  his  associates  could  sunnily  iheni 
witli  yoods,  in  ex<'liaim(>  for  the  vast  harvest  of  furs  which 
their  Ininteis  couid  tiaiher  in  these  Itoiindle.ss  wilds.  Mean- 
while he  would  seek  out  th(!  UloUtll  of  the  Mis>issi]ij)i;  ;nid 
the  furs  <i'ath"r<,'d  at  his  colony  in  the  Illinois  woidd  tJim 
lliid  u  reai'iy  passa.n'e  to  the  usarliets  of  the  world.  'I'hiis 
nii,L;ht  the  ancient  slau.uhter-lield  of  warring  savages  ho 
redeemed  to  civilization  and  Christianity;  ntul  a  stable  set- 
tlement might  grow  uji  in  the  heart  of  the  western  wilder- 
ness. The  schen):>  was  but  ;•.  new  feature,  tlu*  r(>sii1t  of  new 
circuinstanci>s.  a;ided  to  il;e  original  i)''in  of  Jiis  ureat  en- 
tei'prise;  and  h<^  a'l.iressed  himself  to  its  (>xecution  with 
lii;-;  usual  vigor,  and  with  an  aeidress  which  never  failed  him 
in  h'u  d<>alings  with  Indians.' 

A  great  council  of  the  ^lianiis  Avas  .soon  called.  Chiefs 
grizzly  with  age.  and  otiiers  haughty  with  the  strength  of 
younger  manhood,  came.  La  Salle  ehxiuei.tly  haraieiued 
the  dusky  concourse.  His  words,  hacked  up  by  gifts,  i)ro- 
duced  a  deep  impression.  "  Wt;  make  you  tlie  master  of 
our  beaver  and  our  lands,"  they  exdainuHl,  "of  our  minds 
and  our  bodies."  Could  L:i  Salle  have  wished  for  anything 
mo'-e  ? 

But  tlie  enterpi'ise  so  often  defeated— tlie  discovery  of 
the  mouth  of  the  Missis.'^ippi— was  yet  to  be  acliieved.  *  To 
this  end  he  set  out  to  return  to  Canada,  Jt  was  in  ^fay. 
On  touching  at  Mackinaw,  to  Lis  crreat  joy  he  found  Ton'ti 
and  Father  ]\rembre.  Each  had  a  tale  of  disaster  for  the 
other,  but  La  Salle  was  as  cabn  and  determined  as  if  the  sua 
of  prosperity  shone  brightly  on  his  adventurous  pathway. 

"Any  one  els(^"  writes  Father  ^fembre,  "would  have 
thrown  np  his  hands,  and  abandoned  the  enterprise ;  but, 


Tarkniua 


r 


lit  ill  fill'  v.il- 
n  Fiviich  llii,!,', 
liold  111!'  Ii'd- 
('.  tln'  i'.ils  (if 
iich  tlu'iii  iIh- 
sui'ply  llicm 
r»f  fills  wliic'li 
vilds.  Mi'iin- 
s.^issipjii;  niul 

S  Wdllld    tJlcll 

world.  'I'liiis 
s;   siivii^cs   ])(> 

.    !l   Stlllllt'  S('(- 

I'sk'iii  wild'T- 
r(\suU  of  ii(>\v 
Jiis  liivat  cn- 
:t-'('ul  loll  wilh 
•cr  Hi  i led  Li  in 

died.  Cliiofa 
(.'  stron.-ctli  of 
ly  li!ir!iii;iii('d 
by  gifts,  i)ro- 
lio  lEastcr  of 
of  our  niinds 
for  aiiythiiig 

discovery  of 
cliievcd.  To 
was  in  May. 

found  'j'oiiti 
aster  for  the 

as  if  the  sun 
s  pathway. 

'  would  have 
irprjse;  but, 


wo/?/:/??' r.ii'/;/.//;/.' /;/; /..I  >.i /././■;.  r»r>;j 

fi,.  Irom  this,  wilh  a  liniiness  and  e.oista.icy  that  n.-vr  had 
ils  cinal.  1  ^:iNV  iiim  inoie  resolved  than  fvrr  to  (•..ntiuue 
hi.,  work  aii.l  push  foruaid  his  di.c.vcry."  _ 

J.,  S-dl"  and  his  iiii'ii  iK.w  turned  the  I'r.nl  pn.ws  .,1  tlieir 
,,,„oos  for  l-'..rt  Fronteiiae.  It  was  nio,v  than  a  liioiisand 
,Hil,.s  awav.  but  was  m.ou  n-ach.-d.  line  vi-oious  prepa- 
,,„ionsuei'e  iM-iin  anrw.  and  everything  for  a  fivsh  .'X1h-<U 
lion  was.  with  as  liltlo  <lrlay  as  possilde,  in  readiness. 


=r«^ 


I 


H 


CIlAPTHIl  III. 

THK  Morril  cV  TMK  MISSISSIIMM  lUSCOVKItKl). 

T/ie  cxixdition  f/own  tlir  Fothn-  of  WkIvi:^—'' The  ^v^^' 
the  s,,(!  Ilir  <>l>ili  sni!"-  T(ikiliyf»r„i<il  J>nx.s,  .s-.v/o//  of//n'. 
J//.v.sv.s-.v//>/;/  Vallr;,/,,,-  rrmm'-^Mh  mpts  nl  r,>loii!:<i- 
Hon- niill'-Klhis   -  'Wdiuhriii'js  -  Thr  hist  I, ■((!/!<'  .i<»ir- 

nr)/ foinn-f/s-  ll,v  norHi  -Tmilors  In  I  If  <'a,„i> Fulhrr 

Ihxniifs    arn>Hiil    of   La    Su lie's    (issansi iiidhni  -lll-s 
cliaradn-  as  dvpirhd  !>!/  smrif!  (I!sl!i,>inisl,iil  n'rlln-fi. 

\Vint(>r  liad  scjiiroly  ivlnx.'d  his  iry  .iiiasp  on  tlu'  ^ivut 
rivers  ot  tht'  W.-sr.  when  tlx;  iiiad'atinahU' explorer,  witli  a 
few  Fianclscau  pru'sts.  twtMity-tlirec  FreiulinH-ii.  and  ciiili- 
tc'ii  Indians  all  inuivd  to  w;ir  diivcfd  tlirir  c.mrs.' 
towards  the  Mississippi.  Floatin-  dnuii  tin;  Illinois  riv.r. 
they  rcaclu"<l  the  -Father  of  Waters"'  in  February.  iCS-i. 
AVirhout  delay,  Ihey  be.uan  th..'  (h'scent  el'  the  ml-hty 
streiun.  As  they  pressed  on,  they  freipiently  eanie  in  conlact. 
with  the  Indians,  whom  La  Salh^  won  by  his  ehMpienee  and 
en-a-in,L?  manners.  We  are  told  that,  after  the  Indian 
iuo(h"  he  was  "the  jxreatest  orator  in  North  America.'' 

The  mi.ssi(maries  also  annonneed  the  words  of  truth  to 
tlie  savaues.  "As  the  f>;r(nit  exph)rer  ])ursu<Ml  his  course 
down  tlu^Mississippi,"  writes  Bancrolt,  ••  his  sa.uacuous  eye 
discerned  the  ma<;-nillcent  resouires  oC  the  country."  At 
every  point  wliere  tliey  landed,  La  Salh^  i)lanted  a  cross.. 
He  was  most  zealous  for  the  Faith.  Finally,  after  niany 
adventures,  too  numerous  to  recount  here,  the  mouth  of  the 
Ln-eat  river  was  reached,  and  they  beheld— 

'  Tho  sea!  the  sen!  the  <>|v.'ii  soii, 
The  blue,  the  ficsli,  tliu  ever  I'lTC." 

On  the  9th  of  April,   La  Salle  took  possession  of  the 
504 


vi:ui:i>. 

n — "  77/ r  •<i(nf 
),<f.s7.s'.N'/oy/  (if  I  In'. 

's  III   rolailizn' 

I'd  III  i>  Fallnr 
s! IKlllnli  -^Ill.-t 
liHfii'tl  icrih  r.t. 

\\  oil  tli('  fircat 
>c|)l()i('r,  with  a 
lucli.  and  ciii'li- 
L    tlit'ir    cuiirse 
(!  llliIl()i^!  rivt  r, 
<\'l)niaiy.  K'-S'i. 
)i"    ili('  iii'iLi'lity 
i-anu.'  in  coiilacl 
i  clntjnt'in'c  and 
tcr   tli(f  Indian 
Ani<'ii<'a.'' 
•ds  oi   truth  to 
lied   his  conrso 
s  sa.u'acions  eye 
coiinti'V."     At 
)lanted  a  cross.. 
Ily,  aft<>r  many 
le  mouth  of  the 


<»•» 


•ssession  of  the 


•  i 


LA  SALLE  CLAIMS  THE  MISSISSIPPI  VALLEY  FOR  FRANCF. 


1 


nonrcnr  (wveukii  ni:  i..\  smjj:. 


nm 


,„„„trv  \u  tl...  na.n.  ..f  Unns  XIV.     Vor  this  purix.M'  ho 
lui.l  a^•^^ss  ..nrt.Ml,  uliilr   tlu'  wliolo   party  clmuted  tho 

Vr.rt'/ld  h'ri/iff: 

"Tlir  l>i»tincr-i  of  ITi'iivcirs  Kin,' lulvuncc', 
Tilt;  luj'^l'iy  "'  ""'  '"'^^  >liiiif:-  lo-.tli." 

The  (..Mvnumv  nvms  linisl.-Ml  witli  tlie  7V  />"^//',  atul  tho 
,,,isin-  Hi-  a  <-nli.i.u,  Willi  til."  fnllovvini;  inscription:  -  L.mis 
tl...  (in.:,t.  Kin-  <.!'  Kraiuv  a.ul  .Navarr...  ni-tis;  thr  mU 
of  \i.iil  KiS'"'  Thru,  -amid  a  v..ll.-y  tn.m  all  our 
nuisk'.ts/'  ^vrit..s  Fath.-r  M.-nibn's  "a  h>a.l.-n  plat-  m- 
.,.ri!HMl  with  tlh'  arms  of  Fran.-.,  and  th.'  uam.'s  ol  thnsn 
^vho  had   just    ma.lo  th.'   .llsccvcry,  wis   ,U.p..sitod   m  tlio 

'''"iSv'his  .Mi.'i-v  and  onforprlso.  r.a  S.llr  had  lu.w  (.xi.h.r.-d 
from  tlu'  Falls  ..f  St.  .\ntlmny  t<.  th.-Ciuir  of  M.'xir<..  u 
,„„„,  ,.f  his  snv.Mvi.^n  h.  nam-d  all  Ih.-  t.Mnlory  ahm^  th.. 
luaj.stir  rivrr,  Louisiana     a  iiai.u..  at  present,  restricted  to 

""Tla'lli*le^  he  ascended  the  Mississippi,  and  siuled  for 
France  in  .nder  to  secure  the  assistan<-e  ol  Louis  .\l\., 
.„„l  the  c.-operatum  ..f  his  .•ountiynien  in  .•oloni/.m- 
;i,..  ^reat  vaHey,  and  in  developin^^  i,s  immense  "=|' •""»'■;;- 
scnres.  Success  seemed  to  sn,ih>  on  Ins  plans.  lhe(,oN- 
;,,l,,,p,.vided  hin.  with  lour  ships,  ami  a  n-j^m^ 
,,r  ,„.rH>ns  was  s<.ou  enlisted  m  his  scheme.  In  .In  >,  K-b-!, 
^M.  in   for  the  hist   time   to  the  sheres  oi   sunny 

;;:!^;m    win:  1^1^  ships  ami  two  hundred  am^ 

"     .wlndln.-  thive  Francis.-an  Fath.'is  and  three  secu- 
i:;;";  ;:;t^  -rvH.-d  .ith  mi  tm.  necessaries  to  phu^  a 

!;;:h:;;;^;r<^;e  moutl.  of   the    Mississippi,  he  dnected   h. 

nl\^\vvti  'IcrOSS  tllO   AthUltlC.  ,  i     . 

,i  ■-—-'■  "»  "l-atl.-<.nVa.<.,s'  --l,.ucl  to 
r  1 .,  •.     ,.  mis»..d  it,  wwit  «v»t«m'(l,  «m\  eaily  m  108,.. 

[:  ;,,.,l  liH'c.lo  V  at  Ma't„,,.,-,.a,  r.ay.  m  Texas,  w,,,.,,-    ,e 

tint  lie  had  maae  an  unl.aiw  luis.ak  ■.      1  hn  « ut  l.ii^    y 
mmiL-l  of  vasabcmcls  lacked  ui,  «>.  the  .e,eet»  ot  lioel.olk. 


=?  FRANCE, 


TmO 


lioiiKur  i:\vi:i.ii:n  hi:  i..\  m/./.a 


» 


iiiKl  tlii'ii  coiidiicl  was  ilk  U.'cpiiix  with  lli'-ir  «'lmm«'tei',  as 
t'Vt'iils  imroiiiiiiiili'Iy  prdvcd. 

Allrr  si'v.'iiil  viiiii  iifti'iiiiits  t(.  ivadi  the  moiitli  tif  tlm 
Mississippi  !)>•  s.-ii.  La  Salle  r.'S(.lv<(l  h.  siiil<.' out  for  it  l>y 
lauil.  Father  Doiiav,  O.  S.  !•'.,  liis  rliaplaiii.  lias  l.-lt  iis  ii 
iMiiiiilr  at'coiint  (»!'  llh'ir  lulvculmoiis  roiiise  over  plains, 
foivsts,  n.cUs.  Mild  liv.Ts  Milt  iii'tcr  six  months'  Iniiiless 
\van(l<'iiiifis  they  weiv  ol-li.ued  to  ivtiiiii  to  Foit  St.  liOiiis. 
Here  La  Salle  li'eard  that  his  last  ves>el  was  wrecked.  Any 
other  man  would  have  thrown  up  his  liands  in  despair. 
]hit  with  the  Lciaiit  energy  of  an  indomitaMe  will,  having 
lost  his  hopes  of  I'ameiind  fortune,  lie  now  resolved  to  travel 
on  fool  lohiscoiinrrymep  at  the  North,  and  return  from  Can- 
ada to  renew  his  colony  in  'i'exas. 

Ai'comiKinied  by  a  few  priests  and  twenty  men,  \u-  sot 
out  on  this  immense  journey  early  In  K5S7.  For  nearly  two 
months  iiiid  a  half  the  travelers  boldly  forced  their  way, 
despite  the  hardships  to  be  eiidiiied  from  a  wintry  climate, 
(h'spiic  the  countless  obstacles  ofTered  by  u  savage  country. 

in  this  brief  sketcli  it  would  be  as  needlesH  as  impossible 
to  follow  the  detail  of  their  daily  march.  It  was  such  a 
one,  Ihoiijih  with  unwonted  hardships,  as  is  familiar  to  thi; 
memory  of  many  a  prairie  traveler  of  our  own  time.  Tln-y 
snlVi'ied  "jreatly  f(»r  the  want  of  shoi's,  and  fnund  for  awhilo 
no  better  substitute  than  a  casin;^^  of  raw  buH'alo-hide, 
which  they  wen?  forced  to  keep  always  wet,  as  when  dry 
it  hardened  about  th(>  foot  like  iron.  At  leiijith  tliey 
bought  dressed  deerskin  fiiMU  the  Indians,  of  which  fliey 
made  tolerable  moccasins.  The  rivers,  streams,  and  ^\\\- 
leys  filled  with  water,  were  without  number;  and,  to  cross 
tli'em,  they  made  a  boat  of  bull-hide,  like  the  "bull  boat" 
still  used  on  the  I'pper  Missouri.  This  did  li'ood  service,  as, 
with  the  help  of  their  horses,  they  could  carry  it  with  them. 
Two  or  three  men  conld  cross  in  it  at  once,  and  the  horses 
swam  after  them  like  do^s.' 

Somelimes  they  traversed  the  sunny  prairie;  sometimea 


>  Parktniui. 


•ir  cliiUiK'tt'r,  us 

'     IllOlltll      of     tllM 

\c  iiiit  \'i>v  il  liy 
II.  Ii;is  It'l't  IIS  11 
M'  over  |il;iiiis, 
ioiitiis"   t'niillfss 

Fnlt    St.    I.ollis. 

wi't'flit'd.  Any 
lids  ill  (lt's|iiiir. 
Ml'  will.  Iiiivin;,^ 

■solvnl  Id  JniVt'l 

•ctiiiii  I'l'iiiii  ('un- 
ity men,  li(*  Hot 

For  nciuly  two 
reed  tlicir  wiiy, 
wintry  cliinMtc, 
siiv;ij,'(>  COM  lit  ry. 
ss  as  imiiossihlo 
It  was  .such  11 
i  familiar  to  the 
wii  tiin<>.  They 
/)nii(l  lor  awhiU 
iw  buiralo-hidc, 
I't,  as  when  dry 
At  Iciij'th  tlicy 
,  of  which  tlicy 
•earns,  and  ^iil- 
M";  and.  to  cross 
he  "bull  boat" 
•  food  service,  as, 
•ry  it  with  tla'in. 

and  the  horses 

\irie;   sonietimea 


mHit.Ut  {.\u:i.it:u  />/.  /.I  N.i /.//■'■ 


Tm? 


dived  into  tTie  dark  n-ees-es  of  til.'  for.'st.  where  thr  blllValo. 

d.'scen.lin,--  diiily  I'rom  ili.ir  j.astuivs  in  Ion-  ill.  -  lo  drink 
lit  the  river.  <.!t  *'H  nreh-  a  broad  and  easy  j.atli  lor  the  irav- 
..Iri's.  When  I'oid  ucaih.-r  arrest. 'il  th-'in.  Ih.'y  l-nilt  hnts-d" 
biirk  an.l  haiu'  in.'ad..w  i:rii>s;  aii.l,  saf-'lv  sh.'ll.iv.l.  l..ui!,-.'.l 
iiway  th.'  .lay.  wliil.-  th.'ir  hoise^.  pi.'k.-led  iwar  l>y.  >'o.mI 
st.'iiiiiin'^'  in'ihe  rain.  Al  niiiht.  th.'V  usually  >.•!  a  nid" 
st..ckail.^  :il)ont  th.'ir  .•iiiiii.;  and  h.-iv.  by  tli.'  uia-sy  bor.l.-r 
,,r  ji  bpM.k.  .>r  ill  t!i.'  .•d-.'  of  ;i  un.ve  wl,.'iv  a  spriii.u  i^ul<l«l..l 
,,|)  ilirnii-h  the  s;iiid>.  tli'V  l;iy  asl.'e].  ar.nni.l  iIm'  .■iiil'.'is 
III  th.'ir  lire,  while  tlieuriii  .-n  ^niird  lisl.'n'.l  to  ill.'  dc'p 
bi^cMthin-' ..I' till' sliiiii'.'riii  ;■  horses,  and  the  liov.  linu'  of  the 
wolv.'s  that  s;dnli'd  tlM-ri-^iim'  inoon  as  it  llod.Ird  tie' wtiste 
<»{■  lU'airi.'  with  iial.'.  inysiic  niilianc.'. 

On  III.'  {.'(I'll  of  Mirch  th.'  bi>lil  travd.'fs  arrive.l  iie:ir  a 
phice  wll.^re  Ll  S.ill.'.  on  his  pree.'din.U'  jolll'Iiey.  hiiil  caiise.l 
a  iinaiitity  of  ludi.in  corn  and  bcuns  lo  bf  Icirird.  The 
c.niniand.'r  sent  seven  men  b.  hunt  \\\^  this  im.l.'iur.niud 
stock  of  pn-visions.  Tli.'y  kill.'.l  two  bniValoes  on  ivacliini;- 
th.'  place,  and  .>ne  .)!"  tlu-ir  nnnib..r  ivtiirii.'.l  to  i^a  Salle, 
re.iu.'stim;-  Hie  use  ..!'  the  horses  to  biin-  Hi.-  meat  to  the 
cMinp.  lb'  compli.'.l,  seudiu!-'  his  neplusv,  Miu'^aiiet,  with 
tw.)  compani.ms  ami  two  horses. 

On  the  arrival  of  M.ir.uanet  at  the  spot  wh.'i.'  the  d.'a.l 
bun'ah.es  lay,  a  dispute  arose  betw.-eii  him  and  several  .-l  th.' 
])nrtv-nien"wh<.  hat.'d  La  Sail.-,  and  mired  dark  d.  si-us. 
Au'M'y  words  pissed  around.  Niiihl  <:iin<'.  The  woods  -ivw 
dai^<;  and  b..f..r.' morninuMlawned  Moi-anet  and  tw.,  ..th.'is, 
devot.'d  b.llow.rs  of  tlu'ir  comnian.ler.  were  mmdeied. 
It  was  a  blo.xlv  .l.'ed.  Tim  Hood  -at.'  ..f  assassination  was 
now  .)pen;  an.l  tlu.se  (h'sjx'rate  m.'u  b».)k  evil  counsel  ..I." 
ven,<reance  for  th.'ir  own  sab'ty.  One  black  crime  l.'d  to 
another,  still  blacker. 

La  Salle  soon  became  alarmed  b)r  the  safety  of  Mor-aiiet, 
nnd,  as  if  anticipating  whiit  had  .)ccurred,  he  asked  in  tho 
encampment  if  some  ot  the  absent  party  had  not  shown 


>  Purkinan. 


ru^ 


llftlilUiT  r.WEI.IEU  Df:  f..\  ■'^.[f.r.F!. 


Minns  (.f  (rHancction.  II"  rcxolvt'd  at  niic.-  to  ";,,  in  scaicli  n( 
liis  iiMj.li.nv,  \Vi-  >liall  !j;\\i'  tin-  ivtnaiinU'r of  tin-  fniyic  imr- 
rnfivc  ill  till'  latiu'iiii'^f  ol  an  «'yn  wiim-sH. 

"Aslxin.u'iuctoan'tiniiKinyliiiu,"  wrih-s  I'-atlH-r  Doiiay,  "lie 
t..nl;  two  jn.liaiis  and  s.-t'oiit.  Ail  tlic  way  li.'  .•(.nv.-isr.l 
witli  luf  in  ivhitiun  lu  niali.T.s  of  piety,  kiikv,  nn*l  pivd.'sti 
nati<»n-  cKiMtiatinvi  on  all  his  «»l)li,L,Mti(>ns  id  (i(»d  fur  Iiavin;; 
Havj'd  liiin  finin  s(.  many  danp'i>'  diiiin,u;  tlm  last  twenty 
vcars  that  Ik-  Ijad  I la vers.-. I  Anieiica.  11.'  scenu'd  to  mo 
particularly  p-nelrat.d  with  a  sriise  of  (jod's  Iteiielits  to 

liiiH  ,  ,       ,    , 

"Suddenly   I  saw  liini  plun,i;'ed  into  a  dee])  nielanclioly, 

for  whicli  he'  himself  roiild  iu»t  account.     He  was  so  iroiil.led 

tiiat  I  did  not  know  him  any  lonu'T.     As  this  was  I'af  I'loni 

his  usual  state.  I  roused  him  I'loai  his  lethar^'y. 

•'Two  leagues  after,  we  found  I  lie  bloody  cravat  of  liis 
lackey.  H''  peiceivcd  two  ca.iiles  llyinj;  over  his  head,  and 
at  lli(»  same  time  saw  some  of  his  people  on  the  edp'  of  llie 
river  wliich  he  ai)i>rou(!hed,  asking  tht-m  what  liad  l.econu' 
of  his  nepln.'W. 

"TlKiV  answered  us  in  broken  words,  sliowlnii;  us  ^v1l<■l■e 
we  should  lind  him.  AVc  proceeded  some  steps  aloni?  Ilie 
bank  to  the  fatal  spot  when!  two  of  tliese  murderers  wern 
hidden  in  the  urass,  o\w  on  each  side,  with  j;-uns  cocked. 
One  missed  M  de  la  Salle,  the  other  at  tho  same  moment 
Hhot  him  in  tlui  head.     Jk'died  an  hour  after,  on  llie  1!)th 

of  Marcli.  H'.87. 

'1  expected  the  ssinie  fate,"  continues  Father  DoUiiy, 
"but  this  danger  did  not  occupy  my  tliouixhts.  penetrat<'d 
with  grief  at  so  cruel  a  sp(>ctacle.  T  saw  him  fall  a  step 
from  me,  with  his  face  all  full  of  bh»od.  T  watered  it  witli 
my  tears,  exhorting  him,  to  the  best  of  my  power,  to  die  well. 
lie  had  confessed  and  fulfil!'.' 1  his  devotions  just  before  we 
Btarted  lie  had  still  time  to  recapitulate  a  part  of  his  life, 
und  I  gave  him  absolution. 

'•DurmT  his  last  moments,  he  elicited  all  the  acts  of  a 


A  goutborn  branch  ot  tin  Trlnlty.-/'a»*nui/(, 


>  p>  in  scarcli  <»( 
»l'  tilt!  fniyir  nar- 

t1i('vT)<»uiiy,  "li" 

ly  llt>   <'nll\  I'l'^i'il 

'•',  iiiitl  piviloii 
(umI  foi'  Iiaviiii; 
tlin  hist  twenty 

•    SIM'UK'll     to    IIH! 

oU's  Ix-nt'lits  to 

'pp  TiU'lanflinly, 
'  was  so  ii(>iil)|i'(l 
lis  was  I'ai'  I'lniu 

i-^?y. 

ly  rravat  of  liis 

i>l'  his  iifiid,  and 

tilt'  <'(lu(>  ol'  the 

hat  had  hfcouu! 

lowing;  us  nlicip 
'  steps  aloni,^  the 
niill'drl'fl'S  wt'l'H 
til  films  t'ockt'd. 
lo  same  iiiniiKMil; 
iftcr.  on  tlie  1!»tli 

Father  Douay, 
liilits.  penetrated 

liini  fall  a  step 
r  watei-ed  it  with 
ower,  to  die  well. 
IS  just  liefore  we 
I  part  of  his  life., 

all  the  acts  f>f  a 


itnnriiT  c.wriii'M  !>/■:  /.i  >.i /././•-'. 


r.r.o 


,ood  r-nstlnn.  ^.aspin.  tny  hand  nf  overy  jy-nl   |  ^hK" 

::.,s,ed  and  e.p-i..iiy  Mt  tin* "  ••i'*'""";^ '"m     7; 

Nhniuhil-  !>i-^  ninide.vrs,  as  ni.i.'h  a.arnied  as    .  heu  n  I- 
!    i    ..  l.ir'.-vnstsa.iddete.t   their  blindness        n.n  d  no 
:,.espo,  where  h.|nde^piredwi.llul.t   l.av.ii.hm  iej 
1,:;;,  ,:  w..n  :.s  I  nmid,  af.er  whi.-h  1  raised  a  eros.  <,ver  his 

^'''tI.MS  died   oar  ui^eeoMHllMlder      «-"^|=:''<';""'^  ";;">■;, 

i.nvpid.  ...n.rons,  e,|,■.,,i.lu^  dex.erons,    Ud  in!    .•apaHe.. 
:,,,,. int.     lie  win.   fur  twenty  years  had   soltened   .1.  • 
I     ..  tenip  .r  of  eounth.^s  sava;ie  tril.-  was  niassaered  h 
:handso,Miisownr,.lh.w.rs.whonHaO,:HlIoad.^ 

;.;,,l.s        11..  died   iu    Ihe    pnaienriife.   Mllln-ninlst    nt    his 

,,;,urseand  labors,  without  havin.^  se...  'l''"'-;';;;;":;  ,„^. 

,p,„  ,;,,,;,,itv  of  La  Sall.s  writes  >pa.Us,      U>    lai.    .h 
.i,,       andfnr\h.vidn.Mlu.  .n.-thodsan.lpr..nn.M..  tlie    e. 

s  ;;    ees  P.  .-arrv  tl.eni  forwa.d.  has  few  parallels  :,n...n^  tho 

H(ill,<<  s  M  (.Ml  >    ..  l,..w   l.eeii  rnllec      the  (  "  Hin- 

"i:;:'';  •;:::'■:  ::u!;:t  ";.:-^-'''' '-•'■'v''';;'i 

iM.n.an  skill  nnd  prowess  -  ,  „„dnranee.  un- 

of  eharacter,  snch  as  personal  '      '   ^T  .  ,,.,s..veran.'n 

daunted  r.solnti.m,l.d>ene..nnd.K 

in  c-ontendint:  with  V-"^'-l'^;,'";*;^test  heart,  n..  num 
barrassments  that  unuht  ap|.all  the  stunt 
s„rpass..d  rhe  Sieur  d.^  la  SalK  ^^^^^j^,^. 

-Not  a  hint  app.-!.vs  ux  "^'>;:^'.  /^^j  .;'  ^,,  ,,,,„,,,.  (-o.d 
notice  that  casts  a  shade  -V^-^^^^^^^^^  ^^.„,,,,  ,. 
,,d  intrepid  at  all  tunes   ..^ 

despair,  or  .'Von  to  '1'   1  ;"•';>;  ^^^j  ,„,i  ,,i,  i„.i„.s  ..xpin.l 

<'f :-  • -rr- '' ^  ;'b;c;;h'    T^  u  u  mu^;  1.0  uuunly  ascribed 
only  with  hl^■     ^t  bicatii.     juim 


i 


I 


fxii; 


UnnlMT  r.WKI.nm  Hh.  /.I  f^MiH 


tin-  <lisr..\rvy  tf  III''  viisr  iv;:ii>ii>*  fl'  iIk'  MI-hIh-Ipi"!  Viill'V, 

\VV\    fill'  N(|lixri|t|i'llt    t.r.'iHiiittMll   tlMil   Hi'ffll-IIH'Uf  hI    111!'!!    l-y 

III.'  Kiviicii.  iiinl  lii'»  niiiiM'  jiisily  liol.js  ti  pinmin.-iit   yhvi^ 

niliotl,'  ill'*-"'  \nIiH'Ii    :1'|m|II    ill'-    IliHtnry  ^^t   liviliwilinli  ill    till! 

N«'\v  Woiitl  ' 

•  Ni'xr  ii  r.. I  nil'' MIS."  s!iyH  AM  I' lit,  "lu'wiis  iIu'MK"!  IIIim. 

tllMlls  (»|'  |||.>  piMlir.  is  ul    tilt'  NfW    Wnllil.       It   «nlllii  !'»•  dil' 

11 \n  lint  III  hi'inry  miy  niii>  uhu  Ims  <lis|.liiy.'il   In  ti 

hi-liiT  ili':i''i'  l!i«'  niihlf  (|ii:ilili<'H  <il'  I'lunry.  n.iir.ip'.  tilitl 
ji  rwi'iiiti'i'.  !•  iiiiliiiii'il  Willi  III''  iii"i''  P'lill''  viitiii's  i.r  ti'ii. 
.l.iMi-'H..  In:ii  iiiiiy.  !iiiiliiiiii!il>ility.  N'l\.i-.lfyMi''>iii.  M  iu|i;i\.. 
Ill  pnuii  I..  ilis|*i,':iil.'!i  liiiii.  Ill*  rliiiinrli  r  WiM  |iiii.-.  In 
ilif  |.;i>i  liistniy  f»l  our  n.inilry.  llfi''  hh'  I  nl  I'tw  iiaiiii  s 
uliii'li  iiic '•tiii'ifil  li>  stainl  s"  lii.uli  "II  it><  •••II  '•!'  I"'H"''.  "'^ 
tllMf  nt    t!l.'  <'ll''V;ilirr  .!.•  Ii;  S;ill  «." 

••Il  i>r;i>y.'"''\.'l:iiiiisr;ilUlii!ili.  "ti»  reel-on  llplil'i  (IcficfM, 
liiii  il  U  not  .'Msy  lo  Iiiil  '  ri'»:ii  f*!'-^''*  'I"'  l»'"i>'!">  virlii.H  ilmi 
r.MlnMiK'd  ih  '111.'  r.  ""t  l»y  :i  lliioim-  of  rnriiii'"s.  ||i<  >i:in(lM. 
Ilki-  III"'  Kill'-l  "t  l-r:l''l.  Ix'il'l  lllltl  ^llo!llll^•l■s  :iliii\<'  lln  III  !iH. 
II.-  \\!is  II  l.iw.i  ol  :i.l;iiii.iiit.  iiL'iiiir'l  wIkim'  iiiiprciriuilili' 
liniil  li!iri|slii|i  Mii'l  (l;iii:ii'r.  I  11.' *iiv:' "l'  innn  nnd  ol*  III.''!.'- 
iiicnts.  till'  Siiiitlii-rii  Sim.  lln-  N'MiIh'IIi  M.ist,  I'Mliirii".  fniu- 
iiic,  iiml  <lisi'!isi',  (li'liiy.  (lisMjiiMiintm.  ii',  .iiid  (Irffri'M!  hoi,!', 
cinjiti.'il  lli.'ii  'luiv.-r-i  in  vniii.  TliMf  very  piid.'  wliirli.  Ciii- 
(ilMiiiis  liUf,  dcclmvil  ilsrll  nioi'c  sternly  in  lln'  lliieUesI  pi'ts 
ol  lues.  li;is  in  If  s.niietliiir/  to  el'.iilli'nu'e  ndmiiMl I'lii.  N.'vr, 
nil. I. •]  the  inipen.'trnlil.' iiiiiil  ol  jcilndin  or  eiiis;ider,  h.'iil  ;i 
lieiir  ol  nior.'  intei'itid  nii'tlle  tli;in  witliin  the  stoic  I'lni- 
ojily  Ihal  iirnu'd  tlii>  l>iv:isl  ol  \a\  Siill.'.  'I'.,  estiinale  aiiulit 
tlieniaivels  ol  lii-i  i»atii'nt  loititinle.  one  must  follow  on  his 
hack  thron-li  flie  vast  scene  ol  Ins  inli-rniiinM''  M»iiiiiey- 
iniis.  those  thousands  ol  weary  mi h's  of  forest,  niaiT'h.  and 
river,  where,  ai:ain  and  apiin,  in  Ww  hitterness  of  Italllcd 
strivliii;  I'ne  iinlirin^  jiil^iini  piisiird  onward  towards  the 
p)al  which  he  was  never  lo  attain.  Ani.'iicH  owes  him  an 
endiirin<r  memory  ;  for  in  this  masculine  li,i,Mire,  cast  in  iron, 
she  sees  the  heroic  ])k)neer  wiio  guided  her  to  the  posses- 
sion of  her  richest  heritage." 


itonmir  (.WKi.iHii  ni:  /i  ■^\/i.r. 


r.(ii 


\>-\l\>\  Villi -y, 
.it  «>|  i!i«?ii  hy 

'otiiilH'tif   )'ln<'(t 
ili/ali<>ii  in  tli>> 

til"'  mu,f  iljiis. 
I  woiilil  III-  iiir 
lh|.|iiv«il   in  !i 

Culll'.I.Ut'.    Illl'l 

vii'ltn-s  nf  ti-n- 

Sl'l'lll'  il  lit  ll!l\t' 

wjM  iiiiii',     In 

'lit    I'tw    iKinirs 

nil  of  Til  nit',  ii.s 

iiplii'itli'ficfx, 
;in  \  iriiii'H  thiit 
lit's.  Ill'  >t;in(ls, 
ll)(i\)'  tin  III  :ill. 
('  iiiiplcirilMblc* 
illtl  «>r  till'  <'!('• 
,  rritiirii".  fiiin- 

(Icl't'lji'i!  iKtJ.f, 

li'  w  liicli.  ( 'ill i- 
•  tllicki'st  |»ivm 
Mil  ion.  Ni'vr, 
riisndcr.  hrjit  a 
till'  stuic  i»;rn- 
cstiiiiMti'  iiiiulit 
t  riillow  on  liis 
ntililt'  loiiriH'V- 
'st  mnrsh,  nnd 
ncss  ol  liulllcd 
'<!  towiinls  the 
I  owes  liiin  :in 
w,  cast  in  lion, 
to  tilt;  posses- 


..fInlH.H  Civrll.Ttl..  I..  SuIlK  tlM'  n»-»   .xptn^'r  ^^hn  ni.vi 
unt.il  OntuilM.  KH".  Mi.l.l^rn...  mm.I  llionn  "  wHt.'.l  ...  Hon 
T    II    M.U.'.'    ..,l..^.'iv.''*lol'«'»i>'Mn.i!ii"'i:iiiion«  tlH'KfUf 
,,,,„;,inH.     A*n.iliv..  ..f  llo.,.'!.,  .•Milv  ..in|.!..>-.MM  tin-  n,|o. 

U\U  I..-I..XII' .il.Htlu':.l.>.l  I.V  lh.'lv|M.Hsnl  n.l^s.o.n,. i- In 

H...k.  .l.i.Mml.tl...n..itl.-.i.l"K.-.  "l'^-"u.-l..  tin.  (.Ml   ..f 

M..xi..u.    ni.ii.iii.u  >.  -'I '"■'•  "•'  ""•  <;"V'^"  '■''"!'.• 

:,...;.n.l..l  tiM'  Ink.-  in  I'''?*,  '•i'"'"'"'-  ""'  ^'  ^'"""\    *  '."'V" 

i„„.|,l,  lM.i.tHov..rh.n.Hrom  tl..'    Mii.mi  t- u  l.mn.l.  ..I  tlu' 

mnoi.   .iv.'f.   I..'  fuH-l   nr   r.inn.l  l.is  u„v  int..  tin'  I  pp.-r 

Missi.,i,.,,l.      For  niMi.v  y.'n.w.  ^^ith  n  osi  h.To.i-  fo.ptMn.'N. 

,   i..oMi;.ni...nn.ll...n "  i,..n  vm.m  .l.'Vof.'.l   to  tl,.'   fnsk 

,,'..,,,,i,,,,,...sl..'lw...'n.li..(inlls..rst.  Kn>uv^^^^^^^ 
M.-sito.  nntil  I...  lM-.is|....li..  1.1— ntt'tpii- l.y  tl..' Imnils  of 

,\,.;  „f  his  ..uM  ni.Nvoitl.N  follovfi-'.  nn  an  .'N.n.sioii   mfJ 

''''"^'iTi..''('.ih.'ili.'<'l.ai-art...-  ..f  La  Sail.'  is  n.Mrk.'.l  in  .'v.-iy 

,„,,..fl.islif.'.    ll...,n.l..|tookn..thlnuwitl...nif...t.r.y....l..n- 

jri.v  .•.'li^^iun;  1...   .'..nipliti'il   n..tl.inuMNi.l.u..t  ,um.^'  ll.o 

:,    hnits'oftl.t'ul.ay   ...dotl.      lit.   Mant.'tl    tl...    (  ....h 

^^l..^.vt.,■  I,..  la...l..l.  .-v.n  ft.r  an  l.o...- •  I...  n.a.li.  tl...  w.'-^  .   n 

l'  ...t  vot'al  will.  M.n,-,  l.vn.t.Hof  , l.a,.ks..v,n^  ami  a.l.    a- 

„„      n..iHth..^vol•tl.v. .l..-.-r   I>..Sotoan.lM!.n|-..-tt-; 

';...:     v..nl  in  l.a;..l,n,..l...Ml...l.an. 
„  .  ,,v  "vnins  ..r  tl.os..  ^.var  Stafs  whi.'h  sttvlrh   away 
'"'''.,:'    ..,n..i..  to  tl.t.   Hi.,  (in.n.l...     Kv..ry  l..a^n..  or 


fn.n.  Lak..  Ontaiio  t..  tla' 


;;,::;»  It.  tv...l..nf..ot,a,ul..v...y   l..a,n..oM,s.at..r 
:UQ;.t...linlVail.'ano.'St.rn.a.ys..|a...n.',s     A...^^^^^ 
„„,,,  ,|n.  N.atl.i'.n  ,.in.'  sl.o.tl.l  towtT:  ana.ntl  tt  t  ..   Mnhi- 
;      ,..!'!.  and  tin.  Sonth.....  nty.tlt.  Hhonhl  n,.n,d.  thcu-  Uno. 


and  unite  llK'iiTt.rrunu's 


VENERABLE  MARGARET  BOURGEOIS. 


Jfel 


w 


Vr.Xr.RABLH  MARf.AKnT  BOI'Rr.nOIS, 

rui'NuuLhH  uv  lilt:  tuNuutuAituM  u^  ^uiiu.  ua>u:.' 


ft!  APTKU  I. 

minUIT  VnlMt  YK.XIW. 

////•   ////•///    fiiiff  luiintts  A    irlHi;  iH'oiiihlnii  litlh'  f/hf ^ 

Ih  iilh  If/'  III  r  itntfhi  r  i>i  i>linnl  nnr  In  i/ntln  i'  n  liniiMV' 

liit'il      Tin     n'siini    nl  tin     i 'lull  ill    of    yutu     Ihinn       X 
rlnniifi  o/'  li/i , 

('onspl<'i|olls  iitrinim'  lln'  r;itli(ili<'  Ik'Um-s  iiIkI  ln'iniin-s  (if 
Aiin'iicii,  in  tlh'  >if\.'iiti'fnili  n'litiiiv,  ^hint's  tlif  hiij;lit 
iiiiiiHMir  Minu'iin't  Hnm'u;«'tiiH.  Slu*  utiNlioin  IiiiIm-  rity  of 
'I'loy.'s,  Kniiici'.  on  flif  ITlli  <»f  April.  Iti-.'o.  Iltr  p;ii.'nts. 
AI'iMin  MtiMipnisiind  ( JnilL-nit'ttt'  (iiiiiiii'i',  Wfit-  iiniiiil\iililt» 
nt-itln'i-  I'ltr  wi-iilrli  nur  \\nr«lly  dixiincilun,  Imt  ilit-y  Ufin 
what  JH  bt'ttt'i'  pci'soiiH  of  niiii'kcil  \irtii«'  nn*l  lii^li  •liiir 
iU'frr. 

W.'nn-  hiM  lliiit  In  ]n'i'  cliildlin.HJ.  MMiirnvt'f  wns  tllsfin 
;riiis|ii-'l  iiinon^^  Ih-r  littl)>  ('OMip:uiion>4  liy  Id-i  iiptitiKli*  in 
li'iiruini-:  to  i«'ii(l  nml  wiifc,  liri'  love  of  lalior,  niul  lii>r  tiirt 
in  wi'll  iinU  spi-fMily  pt'if»ninin;x  nnytliiny;  wliich  slif  was 
^iv*'n  to  <lo.  Sill'  \v;is  iiIho  t'spi'cially  noh'tl  for  tliosc  Inippy 
ilisposiiions  wliich  nnnouncf  a  capaciry  for  plfty,  sirtnc, 
and  uood  .st'iisc. 

V.ww  at  tht'  most  tt'tult'i"  njr»',  licf  flfvation  of  mind  and 

M  lili'f  iiiitliiirllli"  ii'i'il:  \h\w  l-iillliiii.  "  Vl>'  ill'  la  Soiiir  lliHirui'iiy.  Knniliitrlri'  ili'  In  t'litiun}- 
Ciiliim  ill'  Niitri'  KaiiM'  ili-  Mile  Miirlr  I'li  Ciiimilu;"  Alilir  Ilaii»iiiiot,  "  Vli'  ili'  Sliirvnirlfi'  lliiiir 
>.'iiiv-;"  AIiIh'  MkiiIl'iiIHi  r,  ■  VIr  ili'  M'llf  l.r  llir."  Aliln'  I'lilllon.  "  \lr  ilr  Mllf  Mami';" 
I'arkman, 'Tlir  .Ir-iill"  In  Niirlli  Aimrlni;"     AM"'    l''i'rlaiMl.  "  Cniir-"  i)lll-lcilri'  ilii  Cainiila;" 

t  ii;irli'M>lN.  "  lll-iiir)  umlUimrulUinrlinlgu  of  >t'W  Fruuvv;"  "llli'lorj  yf  Hit  t  uilii)ln:clmr«U 
Inlliu  I'liltfJHIulM." 


i 

m 


OOi 


MO  TiiKii  M. !  in.Murr  no  l  UaKUlS. 


(1»'('()  love  (>r  ii'liiiiiiii  ,sli(»\v«'(l  iiscir  ill  vn'oiM  ways.  Sciirrclv 
IiskI  tilt'  litllu  ^ill  Ifiiclud  hci-  tiiitli  \f;ii'.  wlicil  .she  \v;is 
(.I'lt'ii  (»l)s»M'v<'(l  iisst'nil»]iii<;'  ('liil<lifii.  Mild  iiisiilliiiii'  into  their 
iiiiiids  idcjis  ol"  duty  iiid  viitiic  Vi-f  iij)  to  this  time  sjiu 
liiid.iK'Vcr  .seen  ji  icliuioi'.s  roiiiiiniiiity.  Such  is  ii  ^■|irii])S('  \\\ 
thi' chihliiood  ol'  Mai.'jai'.'t  i>oiir;;t'ois.  "May  not  this  !:,• 
(•oiisi(h'i'i  d,""  siiys  tiu' Ahhi''  Hiiiisoiiff,  "jisn  s)':nl\  ol'  tliiit 
iiduiiiid  k- /t':il  nhich  iullaiiicd  her  soul  in  altci'  yi'ars;'' 

Al>;>ur  this  iM'iiol  litllc  Mai>;aivt  hiul  the  inisroitiiiit' to 
lose  her  devoted  UK'tller.  '{'wool'  tliice  yeais  ]iassed  away, 
under  the  uatchriil  eye  of  her  <j,()od.  enli^hteiu-d  fatlier; 
uikI  lier  pnidfuce  and  sound  jtultiineiit  iu  the  niaiiaueuM  nt  of 
affairs  dvn'eloih'd  so  rajjidly  that  he  no  Ioii;j,-er  hesitated  lo 
jtlace  Ins  dauylitr  at  the  head  of  his  household.  'I'o  her 
this  new  a]>j)ointiii>  lit  was  a  lile-;siii,i;\  ll  was  a  itrotectioii 
a/j;ainst  idleness,  and  liai)pliy  tended  to  incsei'vo  her  pure 
and  innorent  in  tli.'  eiitical  period  ol'  lil'e  a!  wliirh  she  had 
now  arrived — 

"  The  sliining  (l;>ys  wluii  life  i- new, 
And  all  is  ln'ighl  as  moniirii;- di'W." 

Meanwliile  youn^'  ^lar^^'U'et  feit  satisfied  in  avoidin.u'  n()ta- 
ble  defi'cts.  It.  Avas  not,  liowever,  before  her  tw«'iity-fiist 
year,  that  her  desire  after  soniethiii^'  lietler  and  hiulier  he- 
eanit-  enhii'f^ed  by  tlu>  following  incidents: 

NVhile  attending  one  of  tlie  churches  on  the  Festival  of 
the  Holy  Ilosary,.  the  conrourst^  <d"  ])eople  did  not  i)eriiiit 
the  procession,  as  usual,  to  be  made  in  the  enclosure,  and  it 
was  conducted  through  the  street.  It  jiassed  before  the 
famous  and  beniitifui  church  of  Notre  Dame.  At  this  mo- 
ment, ^largaret  Ijoked  towards  the  statue  of  the  Most  Holy 
Virgin,  placed  on  the  frontispiece  of  the  grand  edifice. 
To  her  religious  eye  this  image  Avas  no  stianger  ;  but  now 
it  appeared  to  her  of  a  loveliness  so  extraoi'dinary,  that  her 
heart  was  touched  and  filled  with  heavenly  sentiments. 
Hitherto  she  had  been  fond  of  dress,  and  affected  neatness. 
For  these  the  young  lady  now  felt  a  ])rofound  contemjjt. 
Her  sweet  and  cheei-ful  disposition  had  caused  her  to  be 
much  sought  in  society,  in   which  sh"  took  no    common 


m 


nvs.  Scnrn-ly 
u  lii'ii  .she  \v;is 
liii.ir  into  llicir 

>  lllis  liiiir  she 

is  ii  ^linipsc  iit 

y  Mil!  lllis  1:,' 
S|'!ll'i\     <»l'    tililt 

I'  yi'iirs  '."' 
iiiiNr(ii'tiiii<>  to 
;  jiussnl  ;i\V!iy. 
iltiK'(l  fiilhcr; 

IlilllilflClIK  lit  of 

'I-  licsitiitcd  to 
•hold.  To  lici' 
s  :i  iirotcctioii 
crvo  her  pine 
kvhicli  she  liad 


nvoi(lin,£i'  iipta- 
T  1  Weill  y-lirst 
111(1  hiuhcr  l)t'- 

lie  F.'stiviil  of 
ii(l  not  iHTiiiit 
chjsiiic,  :iii(l  it 
I'd  Ix'l'oie  tlic 
At  this  luo- 
hc  Most  Holy 
iiiUid  rdilicc. 
i^'er  ;  luit  nou- 
nary,  that  her 
y  st'iitinionts. 
I'tcd  neatness, 
ind  contempt, 
^('d  lier  to  be 
.  no    comniou 


:»(»."> 


plensniv:  luit  at  on.v  she  separated  tVm.  all  that  she  for 
iiieilv  seemed  t.,eheHsli.  Now.  the  -ay  aiwl  aniial.h-  Mar- 
,,„,,.,'  ,,.„,„i  r.„.  „aii-ht  l.-il  the  ihinus  of  Heaven.  I  his 
rhaiigu  was  indcrd  sudden,  hut  it  was  n.me  tlw-  less  pernia- 

UL'llt. 


I 


rTTAPTFJJ  FT. 


A  m;\v  ano  iikkoic  cakkkk. 

Fa  (lid-  JiiiKhrl     l.ofhj  rirtiii'  PiirilijCif  ml  ml  imil  In  ur/— 
'llii   ntie  -Mditfiinf   irishr.^t  ((,  hi-  a   Xitn     /s  iij'nsil 

itiliiliffdliri-^-A  IH'II'  <h<lrr--A  /it.s-.s-  //,(>/  is  d  (/iiiii  //, /• 
ftitfii'i's  flidfh  ■  l'i(t(*cff(  iniKKriici'  A  diudni  (lur.  Ih- 
MiiiNinnii  iin  DHIirnUir.s  voinv  and  raitish  -  T/n  In  lu- 
ini'  (/lit'.','  Id  ('a mala. 

Takinij  1?pv.  I'litlu'i-  .liindivt.  a  \visc  niul  viitiioiis  \i\\v-\\ 
\vli(»  war,  (liivctor  ol'  the  ('aiiiiclitc  Nuns,  as  licr  conrtsx  r, 
Miss  l)()iir,ii»'(»is  soon  macU'  rapid  ])r<t,m<'ss  in  tlip  way  ol"  vir- 
tue, llci'lii'f  was  maikt'd  by  tcntlcr  ]ii('ty,  conti'iii]*!  ol'  tic 
world,  st'll'-dt-nlal,  compassion  lor  the  poor— in  siioit,  slio 
becanR-  tlif  ])t'isonili(ation  of  all  tliat  is  <!,'ood. 

(»od,  dcsirons  of  Iilcssini;-  a  licait  wlucli  lie  had  so  liiiilily 
ornanuMiti'd  with  His  most  prtcions  .mifls.  phued  if  in  lie 
happy  necessity  of  never  dividin<,'irs  allections,  by  ins]tiiin,u' 
^liss  Buui'^^cois  U)  consccrafe  herself  to  Him  by  a  vow  of 
virginity.  She  submitted  this  inspiration  to  Fathei'  .Fan- 
dret,  by  wliom  it  was  disa])i)rov(  d.  He  forbade  her  to  prtj- 
nounre  any  such  vow  before  the  a,!j,e  of  thirty.  ]?ur  tiie  en- 
li^'htened  priest,  afterwards  ol)servln^  and  adniiiinu-  the 
operations  of  divine  <irace  in  this  hi-ihly  iirivi!r;L;(d  soul, 
permitted  lier  to  unite  lierself  more  intitiiately  to  fiod  by 
the  sacred  vow  of  viriiinity.  This  was  in  lu>r  twenty-thiid 
year.     Some  time  later,  she  added  the  vow  of  poverty. 

Miss  Bour^^eois  was  thus  advancing  in  the  si>iiitual  life 
when,  one  day,  as  Father  .Tandret  was  enlarging-  on  the  ad- 
vantages of  the  religious  state,  she  felt  a  strong  inclination 
to  become  a  nun.  She  sought  admittance  as  a  mender 
among  the  Carmelites,  and  also  the  Poor  Clares.  By  neither 
566 


T 


MiniiKii  )fMiii.\UKT  noma f:or<^. 


m 


il  mid  hi  (irf — 
I  /.v  rijiis(  I 
(I  ;i(iin  Hi  r 
<i III  (>iii\  l)f 
t/i^T/ti  /i,iu- 

irtnoiis  iiiic^;t 

liCr  ('()lirr,-:>(   !■, 

lie  way  (-1'  \  ir- 
iiti'iiipi  (.r  III' 

ill     NilUlt,    .slit! 

Ii.'ul  so  lliulily 

(ed  if  in  il  o 

I,  by  insjtiiinu' 

by  Ji  vow  ol' 

Fiitiici'  .Fiin- 

k'  lii'r  to  i)i(j- 

liut  the  en- 

ubiiiiinu'   tlu' 

iviljn,  (1  K,n]^ 

ly  to  (lod  by 
twenty-third 
poverty, 
spiiituiil  life 
ig'  on  ilie  ad- 
g  inclination 
s  a  ineinler 
By  neither 


was  111,,  voiin-  hdy  an-.-i.ted.  i>n.videiice.  it  .M'enis, 
blindeil  Ih'ese  reliuions  to  the  nieiilsoi"  the  ai^plicMMt.  thai 
„,,ol.,laHe    ini-lll    l.revelil   tlu'  exerillionof    ihe    decrees  ot 

Al)!)iit  this  time  Father  .laiidret  was  busily  en.uii-ed  ill 
rorniiii-  the  plan  ol'  si  new  reli-ioiis  cominunily  of  w<.iiien. 
II,.  trlls  MS  that  ..ur  l>ivine  Lord  at  llis  Ascension  left  tliieo 
examples  to  tli;'  <levout  s.-x.  namely.  M,<i!l  Mi'trloh  n, 
MiirUio,  and  th-  .lA>.v/  lihssrl  Viiufni.  Th.'  Hist  is  the 
niodeN.f  coIilemplativ.'s.)llIs;  th.' second  that  of  active  ali.l 
,.xte,ior  charitv;  while  ihe  hid  inclmh'd  botli  conlemplative 
.,'nd  ac'ive  cha"ritv.  It  was  the  hist  \shich  this  -ood  prh.st 
i„t,.;„hMl  to  pro-pn-^e  to  his  coMmiiiiity.  Tlie  lllle  will,  h  la- 
laid  down  for  its  uuidance  lird  been  examined  and  approved 
bv  several  l).)ctois  of  the  Sorboiiiie.  and  Father  .lardret 
iedt  Ihnt  th"  moment  was  at  hand  to  iviilize  his  loiig-cher- 
ishrd  expectations.  To  Miss  lio.ii-eois  and  tw<.  other  yuiiii- 
ladies  he  gave  the  ride  to  be  observed. 

For  that  purpose  the  three  novices  retired  to  a  spacions 
apartment  given  them  by  Miss  de  Chilly,  sister  to  the 
famons  DcMais.mnenve,  tlien(iovern(.rof  Montreal.  Canada, 
(^ne  of  these  pious  young  ladies  dirnl  shortly  after,  and  a  scc- 
on<l  withdrew.  This  ended  the  biief  caieer  of  the  iiew 
commiinitv.  Father  .landret  gav  up  tli<'  design  as  a  frnit- 
1,-ss  attempt.  As  for  Sister  l?oiirgeois,  she  derived  lasting 
advantages  from  this  short  experience  in  tiie  cloister.  The 
eiforts  she  then  made,  under  the  direction  of  this  picms  and 
learned  priest,  served  as  a  light  in  after  years  to  guide  her 
in  the  great  undertaking  she  so  fortunately  completed  with- 
out any  Imuran  assistance  in  the  wilds  of  Canada,  i^n  tiie 
banks  of  the  majestic  St.  Lawrence. 

In  the  meantime,  her  father  fell  ill,  and  died.  Ihe  lov- 
ing  care  shown  by  his  darling  daughter  on  this  sad  occasion 
deinonstrates  how  far  virtue  enhances  lilial  alTection. 

No  sooner  did  Sister  liourgeois  wipe  the  tears  of  sorrow 
from  her  eye,  than  she  devoted  herself  to  the  noble  activity 
of  watching  over  unprotected  innocence.  15ut  what  uncom- 
mon virtue  does  not  this  imply  \    Unquestionably  a  large 


t 


X(  nr:n  M.\rji.\nET  iiorrj!i:oiff. 

slinip  (if  lalifii.  jiiiiyt'i,  nH)itiri<;iti(t;i,  iil»sfi';i('li<.n  lifiin 
uuildly  tlioi!n;|i(s,  Mili<li!.(l  iiii-^^ii  lis,  iiixl  s<'! '■- 1  iiiii li i I iiit it )ii. 
It  Wiis  (•(•rliiiiily  I'ldiii  ill*'  riiiiiiliiir  |  liiciirct  I"  iImx-  \iiiiiis 
th.il  she  Wiis  fvcr  .stii)iiil:il(  (1  l;»  w  liiif  Wiis  ln';iiitiriil.  vumI, 
iiohlc,  Miid  <Iini<'iilt,  I'ditlic  Idvi'  of  (ui(l.  !iii(l  liiT  iifiulil  or, 
ns  flic  I'dllou  iiii;  iiiciclciit,  which  i.s  .st-Jfck-il  J"ruiu  iiuiiiv 
(illnMs,  will  jitfi'.si  : 

Out' (l:iy  Sisit'i-  r.(.iirLi;»'(»is  wiis  iiifoniifd  \\\\\\  nn  nmiiilii" 
niid  ])i'oiiii.siim'  uiil  liatl  Imm'Ii  fiinifd  dll'  hv  tli-^"<i»iti:t'  iiicii 
ll»'r  vt'iy  lit'iirt  l)li'd  nt  tlic  ifciiid  t)!'  ilic  tlariin;'  oulia.ui' 
AnniiiL!;  hf'i'scir  wiili  ;i  fincilix,  she  lied  In  I  lit'  iis.sisfiiiiff  i.l 
tilt'  iiiiiix't'iif  tiiif,  iiiid  nnivt'd  just  in  linii'  l(»  »'?:tii(';i't'  ;i» 
dt'livt'i-  till'  liiiiiU  from  the  tlw  jiijisp  of  thf  wolvt's  On 
iipin'oat'liiiiu'  till'  al>od»'  of  llicsc  diaholiciil  w icti'li"s,  h"r 
moral  ('<»iiiau<'  iiififascd,  an<l  she  coiijiin'tl  tlniii  in  'iit> 
naiiii'  of  (»od.  \vliost>  cnit'ilit'd  likciu'ss  slit'  prt'sciitcil.  to 
give  up  tlii'ii'  I'lfy.  Hut  crinie  was  ciishrini'il  in  tin'  in- 
inosf  it'Cfss  of  tlii'ir  cincl  lu'aits.  'I'o  Im-  ficfd  from  tin; 
im])ortmiiti('s  of  this  conin^it'ons  lady  tlicy  i)r('si'!itcd  a, 
l)isttil,  tliri'at('nin<r  her  with  instant  dfalli  if  she  did  not 
nt  t)nc(^  ictifc.  I'lit  it  was  to  no  ])niposo.  Siii>  thonulic 
tilt'  very  saciilicH  of  Iht  lift'  to  lu'  of  litth^  ('onsith'iation. 
proviih'd  she  saved  the  sweet  antl  iinprott^eted  giii  from 
infamy. 

'*  Wretches,''  exclaiinod  Sister  P>onr;j:ef)is,  with  more  than 
linmnntMieriry,  "itis.Ft'siis  ('hrist  Himself  that  yon  thus 
attack  in  the  i)eison  of  his  children.  Know  that  sooner  or 
later  lie  will  take  revenge  on  your  sacrile>ii()us  temerity  !"' 
This  apostiophe  had  an  immediate  and  electrical  etlect. 
1'he  tiemMiiii;'  victim  was  restored  tt)  her  deliverer.  With 
what  ji>y  and  gratitude  did  the  bt^ating  heirt  (»t'  this  i)ure. 
unliable  girl  testify  its  feelings  to  its  savior  I  JS'or  was  she 
henceforth  to  be  separated  from  her  benefactress  ;  she  fol- 
lowed lit']'  ti>  C.iiuida,  where  she  became  an  ornaiiKMit  to  the 
infant  establishment  of  Sister  Ht)urgeois. 

Sister  ]?ourgeois,  while  thus  laboring  for  the  salvation  of 
others,  failed  not  to  watch  over  her  own  soul.  Like  the 
Apostle  of    the    Gentiles,    «lie    chastised    her    body,   and 


MorifKTi  MAnn.\ni:T  itorwihvns. 


5(5!) 


I'iiclion  frdiTi 
iiiiiiliili:iti()ii. 
iImm'  \iiiii»s 
iitiriil.  vifiii. 

HT    IH'iulll  dl', 
i'lUlll     ItlilllV 

an  niniiiliii' 
-isoiutt'  men 
•iii.i;'    ouii;i,u,i' 

ll.S.slsfMllCf    n! 

Wdlvfs  On 
ii<'i('li"s,  !i.'r 
tlii'iii  ill  'Ih> 
iiv.scntcil.  lo 
I'd  in  tlif  ill- 
M'd  from  lilt; 
lircspiiird  ;i 
tilif  did  not 
SIk'  tli(in,ulir 
onsidcintion. 
L'd  giii    IVoiii 

ifli  niorctliiin 
lilt  yon  llins 
uit  .sooner  or 
s  temerity  1'' 
!tric:u  effect. 
k-ei<'i'.  NVitli 
»i!  tlil.s  i)ure. 

Nor  AVilS   !sll(' 

ess  ;  she  fol- 
ninient  to  the 

salvatitm  of 
111.  Like  tlie 
■    body,   and 


l,ron;;htit  nn.ier.nl.relion.  lest  after  <'onf.ihnfinj;-  K.  the 
Hllviltion  ol  others  sh.'  ini-ht  h^  rejeete.l  hrrselt. 
'  Heaven  was  i.leas.Ml  with  her  unlirin.u'  ••H'-rts.  We  are 
told  that  for  sev.-ral  months,  after  re.vivin,-  Holy  Commun- 
i„„.  she  fnMinently  f.'H  I...'  heart  inllamed  with  an  inex- 
,„...ssihle  love,  uhieh  even  apiH-a.-d  exfriorly  ;  am  on  the 
\ssumpthm  c.f  the  Blessed  Virgin,  probably  mi  the  year 
],;:,(..  .Imin^^  the  procession  of  the  most  holy  Nn-ram... 
she  raided  her  eves  in  a-loiathm  to  (he  Sacrrd  Host  i.ml 
In-held  a  child  of  incomparable  b.-anty.  These  favors 
,v..re  snc. de.l  by  a  mure  distinct  km.wled-e  ol  the  de- 
mons of  (bMl.     In  order  to  unf.d.l  them,  we  mnst  -u  back 

*'  I'lMiilo  I).-  Maisonneiive  assnmed.  for  ih."  Iirst  time,  the 
ofUce  of  '(b.vernor  of  Montreal.'  On  his  (h-paHur.  fn.m 
Troves,  the  Nuns  of  the  Order  <.f  Fatlu'i-  Fonrri-r  earnestly 
^.„t;.,,„.d  t..  be  allo.ve.l  to  accompany  him.  to  estaM.sh  a 
brancli  of  their  commnnity  in  the  new  clony  Had  he 
h-arkened  to  the  impulse  of  his  zeal,  he  would  have  n.os 
<.nlainlv  complied;  bnt  pru<h'm'e  re.p.ire.l  that  he  should 
^vait  fer  a  more  favorable  moment.  He  visited  his  native 
huid  some  years  subsequently.  The  ladies,  of  course,  reit- 
^.,ate.l  theil-  d.-mand;  and  a  renewal  of  promises  was  tlie 
<*nly  reply  of  He  Maisonneiive. 

In  ICu-i  De  Maisonneiive  returned  a  s(>cond  time  to  I- ranee. 
\bont  this  peroid.  Sister  Bourgeois  perceived  in  her  sleep 
:i  person  whose  <;arb  was  partly  ecclesiastical  and  partly 
rivilian,  suidi  as  the  Fr.Mich  clergy  were  wont  to  wear  in 
travel linf^-.  This  dream  made  a  more  lastin«(  impression  on 
her  mind  tluiu  the  ordinary  visions  of  the  night  ever  pro- 

diu'ed.  .   1     -NT 

Some  time  after,  as  she  was  talking  with  one  of  the  Nuns 
at  the  grate  in  the  convent  of  Notre  Dame,  (Jovrnor  de 
Maisonneuve.  whom  she  had  never  seen,  and  of  whose  ar- 
rival she  was  perfectly  ignorant,  came  to  the^ment.^JMie 

' -MlTMrh^ii^-.' f'>"'..)rl  th..  city  of  MoM.ro:.!.  llr  «n«.  ft  mnn  of  .•orn  virtnr,  MuinU-^ 
rlmract.T  .".■at  /.ral  f.>r  llufaill. ;  aii.l  n.'xi  io  Clminplain  H"'  nmst  i.ohlr  iV.Mif  hilli.'  lailj  111-- 
tory  of  Cunuaa."-.l/"/7</j/.  -  llhlonj  <if  tht  Vatholk  thurch  in  the  fiMd  .b,a^.v. 


" 


r)7(» 


M(triii:n  ^tMioMtHr  nnvnuKon*. 


if 


i\i  I 


!  '  I 

It-    ■      1 


no  sooutT  siiw  him.  than  sh'-cxrhrmu'tl:   '*  Hc'hoi<l  tiiy  pi-iost 
— th»'  vfi'v  siiiiH-  I  siiw  in  niv  thciinil" 

She  \v!is  fully  r.inviiiccd  thiit  fin-  vision  was  HiipcrnJitiinil. 
Slit'  I'flt  tiiat  (fiMJ  tht'iflty  ;,Mvt'  \\>'V  fn  nndfrslaiid  tliat  lit' 
li  III  ai'ititiiitfil  Ih'I'  f(»f  till'  opi'ialinii  i»f  stunt'  ^noil  \vt»rk 
(■(iiijiiiiillv  with  !).'  M.iisoiiiii'iivf,  who  was  ihi-n  ntifhin;^' 
moil'  than  a  st'i-iilar  as  tt»  his  statf  of  lift',  iMit  wli(»  possj'sst'd 
till'  t'liiiiit'iit  \ iitut's  of  an  ffclfsiastif.  i>articnlarly  tlioso  of 
/t-al  and  jh  iiili'?iff. 

Wiilioiii  fill  ihi'i'ili'lay,  Sisifr  lioiii'ui'ois  pii'si'iiti'd  hfisclf 
to  this  u'fnlli'inan.  to  pavt  uiuh'i'  his  [n'oifctitm  to  tlir  wild.'s 
of  till'  Canadian  fort'sts,  tlu'ii'  to  opi-n  a  mcIiooI  for  thf  in* 
stnii'tiuii  of  till'  liiilldii  i/iiis.  jlci'  olTt'i'  was  jiiatt'fnlly 
atci'pii'd. 

Ilci't' was  a  virtuous  hidy.  nh)ni'.  iindtT  tlii*  protiTtitci  of 
nn  ollii't'i',  I'lossiim'  to  a  Vft  nidviiown.  nnciv  ilizfd  part  of 
thf  f^liilii'.  iiiiidt'il  l»y  naii;:ilit  savf  thf  luiLilif  star  of  conli- 
dfiiff  in  («od  I  Thf  cousith'iation  of  In-r  tlflicatf  situation 
niainifd  hfr  nioih'sty. 

'I'lif  at'knowh'diji'd  prudfiu'i^  of  thf  (tovfrntir  of  Mi>ntit'al 
dill  not  tpiift'  traiitpiilizf  lifi'.  Ordinary  dfforuni  srcnifd 
tofondfinn  siifha  stfp.  Hut  in  thf  fiid  faith  triii  in  plied  over 
i'car.  ili'r  t'liliuiitfiiftl  ^uidc  Fatlifr  .laiidrt't.  fully  fon- 
viiiffd  that  his  pcnitfnl's  call  was  from  tlii>  Father  t)J  li.ulit, 
wisely  thoiijilif  that  nt»  didieiilty  sliouhl  stop  its  execution, 
lie.  Iiowfver.  ii'fi'rri'd  ln'r  to  an  fiiliiihlf lied  ])rifsf  to  whom 
slif  had  somt'tiiiifs  revfaled  her  cuuscienee.  The  latter 
likewise,  after  thre(>  tlays  of  tleep  deliheration,  caiiK;  to  the 
same  eonclusion  as  Father  .laiidiet. 

The  Hisho))  of  Troyes  was  then  alisent  from  his  metr(»po- 
lis:  and  his  \icar  (Jeneral  was  consftpu'ntly  coiisulteil  on 
tlu^  subjecf.  After  reconiinendinii;  if  to  (iod,  whom  he  ar- 
dently iirayed  to  direct  him,  he  too  concurred  in  the  opin- 
ion f»f  Fafiier  dandret.  This  iiifreemfiit  of  sentiment  (piite 
decided  thi^  coura;j;e()Us  >[iir;;aret  Uoiiif^'ois. 

Tn  vain  did  a  scrupulous  and  timid  critic  declaim  ajjainst 
the  indiscretion  of  this  resolution.  The  success  which  fol- 
lowed prove.s  a  sudicient  jnstilication  t^f  the  procedini^.     It 


^li, 


MOWFM  )fMir,.\nKT  nnrnuKOTR 


r.7i 


(ill  riiy  priost 

ii|M>i'n!itiii-iil. 
:iiid  tliMt  III* 
'  ^(i(»(l  work 
lifii  iiothiii<; 
lid  jMisscsscd 
Illy  tliusc  (if 

'iitf'd  liff^cir 

tu  llir  wilds 

I   for  tli»!  in- 

s   fiTiitcl'iilly 

irott'(iiu:i  of 
li/,('(l  |i:irf  of 

still'  of  colili- 
iltr  sitllillioil 

of  Montiral 
)iiiiii  f^ccriK'd 
iiiii)i|i(>d  over 
t.  fully  con- 
tlicr  ol  li.ulil, 
ts  «'x«'ciition. 
i<'sf  to  whom 
Th.'   hitr.T 

caiiio  to  tlie 

his  int'tropo- 
coiiMillcd  on 
whom  lie  i\v- 
in  the  oi»in- 
tinu'nt  (iiiito 

claim  aijainst 
ss  whiidi  fol- 
oc'c'din^.     It 


wH  ."v.-n  jusliDcd  by  Him  mlnir.il.Mis  appr-hatlon  r.f  th.- 
Ilniv  Moth..-  of  ({.Ml.  Sist.T  Homw'uis  was  on.'  mornin'^ 
aio.;..  in  h.T  ai.aitm..nt.  ,...rf...-tly  mwuIos  nn.l  pond.-nim 
„,..,  .Hvn.ivn.vs  whi.h  ha.l  i...  .vlathm  K,  h.-r  d-pi'Hniv 
,o,  rana.hi,  wh.Mi  sinhh-nly  th.T.'  app.-uiv.  h.-foiv  h.T  a 
,„;n.,s,i.-  ami  iH-aulifnl  In.ly,  .-L.th.-.l  in  whit.-,  wm  n.l- 
dnU.l  h.T  in  th.-s..  W....I.:  -  n.'P=">.  I  ^^'  »  •'"!  ''••;••';" 
von,-  an.l  instantly  .lis.pp.'a.v.l.  A  ray  <•  Mlivin..  Mjt, 
"to  whi.h  h.T  h.'i.if  was  cv.T  op.'n,  :.s  th.'  l...son.  ..I  th., 
M,n-ll..w,T  is  ..xpi«n(h'.l  to  th.-  nvnial  rays  ..t  th.-  snn, 
assniv.1  h.T  Dial  this  iMTsona-.'  was  n..  ..th.r  than  tli.' 
Moth.'f  of  ({..d.     Sh"   f.'lt  a  i.Mi.nval   of  cuns.dati.m  an.l 

'''lV,'ihl'"b.-iM.,iii-  of  F.'l.rnary,  IT.:],  Sist.r  n..nrg..ois,  liav- 
in-attain.'d  Iht  thirty-third  y.'ar,  .llstrihnt.-.l  what  slm  p..s- 
s..ss..d  in  alms,  and  without  .lisHosin-  h-r  inf.M.ti.m  t..  h.T 
r,„,ilv.  s..tont  f.H'  Cana.hi.     II.t  nn.hs   Mr.  (.nssar.l,  and 
Miss  d..  Chnlv  wvr..  tli.'n  j;<,in«  to  Paris.     Tin-  S.st.-r.  nnd.T 
.M,m.' plansihi..  pn.t..|i.Ms  a.roinpani.Ml  thoni  to  th-  .-apital 
S.-ar.vlv  ha.l  th.-y  arriv.-l,  wln-n  Mr.  Cossard  was  ivcall.-.l 
to  TrovVs  on  nrovnt  l.iisin.-ss ;  how.'ver,  b.'f.uv  h.'  l.dt  I  aris, 
his  nit'.v  b.-L-vd  him  to  a.rompany  h.T  t..  s.mi.'  m)tary  pnb- 
r„.    ill  wdios.'  pivs.'ii.M.  sh.'  ..p.-nly  .l.rlar.'d  h.T  int.'nti..ns, 
and  at  the  sam-  tin...  si,-n.'d  a  ."ontra.'t.  that  h.-r  inh-'ritan.'.. 
should  b.'  b..stowvd  on  her  iMM.th.'r  and  sist.'r,  ol  wh.mi  -Mr. 
Co.sard         -uardian.  The  nn.-l.'  was  startl.xl  with  astoniHh- 
luent,  and  remained  for  som..  tim-.  in  d.M-p  sil.'iu-..,  s.-.-mins 
toanti.-ipaf.a  r..v...-ati..n  of  th..'  d.'cd.     IVin-  <  .sai.point..d 
in  Ids  anti.-ipati.ms,  h..'  ns.'d  ..v.'ry  .-irort   to  dissna.l..  lus 
ni...v    from    h.-r    course.     AIT.'ction,  t.'n.lern.'ss,  and  even 
ridicnle  were  employed,  but  all  to  no  pnrp.jse.     >rarsaret 

was  intl.'xible. 

On  Mr.  Cossard's  return  into  Troyes.  great  excitement 
^vas  created  bv  the  unexpected  intelligence.  llelations, 
jVi.-nds,  in  fact*  tlie  .mtire  city  was  in  movement,  and  doz- 
ens of  letters  were  dispatched.  But  the  ti.'s  of  natur.'  an.l 
the  elTorts  of  human  prudence  avail  naught  when  ..pposed 
to  the  designs  of  God. 


II! 


r»7-j 


vnTiiHi:  \rMtiiMinr  nontuHots. 


Oil  ;i('Miinl  (if  ill"  (Iiv^s  wliicli  our  luToiin' nssiinuMl,  ,s|ii« 
now  hi'i'Miiii' p'iii'i'.il!y  Uiiowii  jn  s/.-i/ir  /li>i/i;/ri>is. 

On  li<r  nrriviil  at  Parlt.  slu' rouml  l).>  Maisoniifiiv*',  iirid 
tlopiirtt'tl  for  Oi'li'tms  iiloii".  Tliis  ciirimistMnff  li-d  io:i  sus- 
picion of  Iht  viitiu',  Jiii'l  at  tlh-  lioti'l  wln-ri'  ilir  siairt' 
stopp  •(!  she  was  only  niiiaculoiisly  jinsfivi-il  I'ldiii  iiiMiif. 
Willi  llu»  niKxf  lu'artfclr- ;rratitu(l»',  tin-  cuiirayt'oiis  Sister 
ivtiinii'  I  tli:iiik-«  to  («i»  I  for  tills  spi't-ial  |iiott'<-tiori,  and  set 
<»iit  for  Nantes. 

On  lit'!-  w.iy  tlieic,  licr  iiilliifni'i'  was  so  ;:rfat  ninoiiLC  the 

passi'iii^crs  tliat    they  daily  recited  with    her   the  Olli f 

the   Blessed   Vii'iriti,  and  said  tl  e  Ilosary.     She  even   jtro- 
vailedoii  thi'rowers  to  proceed  diiiinn' th"  niuht,  contrary 
to  their  ciislotn,  that  the  little  civw  niiyht    have  the  advaii 
tai?e  of  coiaitlyin'^  with  the  precept  ol'  the  Church,  hy  as- 

islstinjriJ^^'i''^'^*""  ^'""'"y- 

Landin'r  at    Nantes,  she   i'ntnediatrly    itKpiired   f<tr   the 
nhndeof  Mr.  LeCoq,  a  merchant  ol' that  city,  whost-dwell 
inir   was  assit^ned  hy   De  Maisoinieiive  as   the    rendezvmis 
of  the  passeiiL-ers  for  Canada.     This  merchant  was  known 
at  Xantes  by  a  (lilTerent  name  -that  of  he  la  IV-ssoniere. 
The  Sister's  iiupiiries  were  therefoic  v.'iin.  for  a  leimth 
time;  at  last,  she  providentially  iinpiired  a;;ain    of  .,  jicn 
tleman  whom  she  accidentally  met —if  he  knew  such  a  jht- 
sun  an  a  >(r.  L*  Cop    'I'he  <j;entleman  haitiieiied  to  he  the 
verv  individual  she  s  >  anxiously  sou^rht.      l)e  Mais(»nneiiv(i 
ha(i  already  actpuiinted  him  by  letter  of   lier  arrival    in 
Kantes.     She  was  there(V)re  most  cordially  received,  and 
lodged  in  his  own  residence  till  herdei)artiire  for  Canada. 

In  the  interval  which  elai)sed  she  chose  for  confessor  a 
religious  priest,  to  whom  she  confided  her  ])ast  and  jaesent 
intentions.  She  likewise  told  him  that  she  had  de(;linetl 
when  in  Paris  the  offer  of  admittance  into  a  i-eligious  com- 
munity for  which  she  formerly  felt  some  inclination.  TIk-^ 
confessor,  wdio  belonged  to  this  Order,  uidiesitatingly  de- 
<-ided  that  she  slntuld  accept  the  ])roil"ered  i»ropo.sal ;  and 
recommended  her  to  write  instantly  to  that  effect.  Again, 
her  docile  and  geutle  mind  was  cast  into  an  abyss  of  per- 


II 


.MnlW'M  MMluMtUr  llontiihOlS. 


ftW 


SMIItUfll,   ,s|u» 

riii*>ii\<',  mill 
|(>i|  lo  ;i  MIS- 
I"  till'  st!i'j;i' 
ri'oiii  in>iilf. 
fi'olIM    SisltT 

iim,  ami  set 

amoiiLT  till* 

he  ( )lli >(' 

n  evt'ii   i»i'o- 
lit,  coiiiiary 
■  till*  advaii 
inch,  Iiy  ns- 

rcil   fur   tlic 

kvllUSC  (Iwi'll 

rctiili'/voiiH 

wn>i  known 

H'-s-^oiiirii'. 

a  h'liiitli 

i--(»f  .1  ^('li 

•  such  a  JHT- 

'd     to  1)1'    tllH 

daisonnciivii 
r  arrival  in 
('(•i'iv«'(l,  iinti 
»r  Canada, 
cotifi'ssor  a 
and  jai'scnt 
liad  di'diiu'd 
lijxi'His  coiii- 
lation.  The 
itatiii^ly  de- 
)l)o.sal ;  and 
pct.  A«i;ain, 
ibyss  of  per- 


JBm 


rl-xlfv.  ro^nnrtlii-ih.'vsillol'  ln-r  Diviii.- MaM-r.     \n  Wn^ 

ihi..,,,;,,:,.  t.,  whom  l.M."  h:ivo  vromM..  I.uf  to  «.od  wlio 

„„.,,.irnllv  liivil.'H  ihoM.  NNho  siilV-r  and  an-  In-avy  lad-n  to 
,,,„„.  I,,  I'lii,,  lor  ivfivshnii'iili  In  tli.-  ni.Ht  lirwildi-nd  stal.', 
,1,..  tliivwhi'i-i'irat  111.'  r.-t  of  this  only  in..'  Con.loii.'r. 
iuil,...haiH.l  of  ih.'C.i|.ui'hinl'iiar..  TIu'I.' li-r  l-my  :,nd 
l,„,„l,l,.  |,,,,rt  ov.'illow.'d  with  r.'.'liiiux  of  laiili.  and  Iio|m.. 
,.,„ll„v...  Th.'ivalso.  on  that  vi'vy  altar,  at  ili.' f.-i  o!  Ilt 
l,i,l.l..|i  (iod,  sh.'  \va  ,  ivli..v.'d  I'r.aii  all  fi-ars  and  donl.ts.  In 
sf.nllv.  Ill'  whom  tli.-  winds  and  M-as  oK.'y  stdhd  tin'  aur 
t:,t.'d  uat.'is.  and  p.-ar...  ronlidi'in'r,  and  lHvinr li;;ht  assin.-d 
hi'r  that  sill'  wasdi'^tiiii'd  for  Camnhi. 
N,,t\\ilhslandiii-   tin'    Diviiu'    assniamv.    howrvr,    sli.' 

ti, ht    h.'isrir  o '.liM.d  ton.niply  with   lln-  injiiiiHioiis  o^ 

l„.r  n.nlVssor.     Sin  airordin-ly  wroto  two  h'ltcrs  to  Wm^, 
to  whi.  h,  l-y  a    I'arth'iilar  appointiamt    of  i'loviih'm-i',  no 

answi-r  was  n'tnnn'd. 

Ill  ihisstiiti'of  Ihin^^s.  ({ov.'riior  D'  Maisonnciivc  arrivi-d 
at  Naiit.'s.  On  his  arrival,  an  anonymous  1. 'Iter  was  sent  hhu 
't,/pivvail  on  Sister  lioinp'ois  to  hecome  a  Can.ielite  nnn 
This  (•onininnicalion  was  disiv,-;ai(h'd,  and  scrv.'d  latln'i'  to 
iu.liin'  I).' MaiMiiineiiv.' to  strain  every  nervi-  to  str('n;iilit  ri 
th.'  inti'iition  of  tin-  j;-ood  Sisn-r  to  conlinne  what  sh.' 
h;id  so  well  Ix'unii. 

In  the  nii'aiitime.  her  iinassiiminu-  manners  won  the  es 
t.H'm  and  alVi'ction  of  the  family  of  Mr.de  la   Hi'ssonir-re. 
to  a  point    rart'ly  I'tpialed.     Mr.de   la  IJessonirre  declim'd 
rcceivinn-  any   coinpi'iisation    for   board  and   lod«in^.  atxl 
bci'Ljcd  the  Sister  to  ai'eei»t,  for  ht'r  p.'rsoiial   comfort,  the 
handsmne  present  of  a  b^'d  and    bi'ddiiiir.  with  a  ipiantity 
of  fresh  water  which  he   had  i)nt  on  board   for    her   use, 
knowing  that  wine  had  long  been  dceincda  snifcrlliionsliix- 
urv.     Kverything  was  now  prepared  for  the  separation  of 
tills  Catholic  heroine   from  nl/  that  was  dear  to  her  noblo 
and  alTectionate   heart.     What  conllictini:  emotions   and 
hojies  and  fears  must  have  aj-itati'il  her  mind  when  on  the 
point  of  exilin.u;  herself  from  the  cherished  asso<'iations  oE 
her   childhood  and   youth;  and   of  changing   the  bright, 


\i 


C7l 


}f  or  lit:  II  MMKiMiKT  noriitihois. 


Hunny  sUI«'M  at  Iht  lnvi'il  I-'niiict'  for  Mix  stidwy  w lifts,  fry 
tiftM(>M)iltci'<*,  ami  iiiii'.\|il(irt>i|  wastry  uf  (anailii  ;  Hiii  this 
lofty  wdjiiaii  lost'  with  till'  (lilllcultifs  of  Iht  ponlilua.  Sbo 
counted  iio  Hacriliif.     Hit  Iomm  wum  Ikt  gain. 


^'i 


PV  Willis.  «'V 
I  '.  Hill  tlii.s 
ibiliun.    She 


rnAi'TKii  iir. 

rAN'AMIAN    Mil.    !«<»   (  KMIUIKX    AOO. 

*Sf/;y//r  noin-ffrofs  arrtr^'s  in  ranmhf  -.1  //'»/"///'.'/  tn/hfrr. 
n>'sH  I'lrhrmr  vlinvifv  Tin  i^f-  h'tinrim'  "/./»/  ///'' 
y^M/-  //////<r// "  //'""  //"■  "■'/  '"""  ''■''''''  """•'''•  "'"'  '""' 
///.v  hrhi'l  <!>tnif'/i,lii  fomtis  o/'  Hn  s,  niif  r„fh  vvnhinj 
^Moiifirnf  a  ilnnrn  forfsl  Mish  in  n  hnf^Sishr 
Jionnfroi.,  Inirhvs  fln^littt,'  ludinn  ,firls --Mnhrs  hn- 
HilfoU  In  oIL  Ihnt  sh,  miiiht  l/'iin  nil  l<>  Chiisl  A  mm 
},i,ii  Thr  rnifitij,  lo  rnilii'v  lis  s,irn.s.s-  Tin'  sluj* 
".V/.  Andrr'-Atl'iiii  '"   VIII''  Mftiie. 

(In  tli.'"M  of  S.'i)t 'inlxT,  HV):<,  Mfl.T  :i  lont;  i.n<l  ndv.n- 
tuiM.is  vuVMK.',  this  holy  <lan-ht.T  ..f  Vr.uu-v,  rhosm  fn.m 
Hinun-  tho.isnn.K  sot  font  in  ('uiia-la  that  pioinis...!  land 
which  s\n>  si»  iiiih'iitly  dcsiivd  to  ivadi. 

Canada  was  disc.)V.-.vd  in  l.'lMby  the  Fn-nrli.  who  ^avc 

it  th.'  nan..-  of  .Xrin  Fniiirr  ;  hut  it  could  scarcely  I ailed 

iin  established  colony  before  WOb,  tho  year  in  which  ilw 
great  (Jhainplain  founded  Quebec. 

At  the  date  of  which  nnc  write  -  lO.'.:?  -  it  was,  in  the 
words  of  Itausoiier,  "on.'  in.niense  lorest,  interspersed 
bv  rivers  and  lakes,  which  reiich-rs  the  climate  extreme  y 
cold,  notwithstanding  its  geogra|.hical  situation  in  tlio 
temperate  /on.'.  Vuh-ss  tlu-  utinost  pr.'.'aution  is  tak.'ii, 
a  ch.'.'korahand  will  be  IVoz.'n  in  an  inipeir.'plibh' lapse 
„i  tiuH',  which  will  mortify  and  fall  off,  il  w  hav.'  th.^  im- 
pru.h'nco  to  present  eith.-r  to  the  fnv,  inst.'a*  ol  apply- 
This    excessive    cold    is    succeeded    l>y   such 

070 


111J5  snow. 


I 


il 


010 


Mnlinin  MMOiMiHr  lot  lUihiul.t 


itili'liHf  ImiiI,  tliiit  III*'  K'tiltl  in  Mjwii  uiitl  ita|t(|  iii  tItH 
it|Niri*  i>f  Ihrt'M  iiioiithN.' 

**TIm'  |MitM'i|iiil  iivt'i'.'*n*titiiiiM'«  l{iiii-niii>r,  "i^  llif  Hill* 
j*>>tltr  St,  t.ii\Mi'li)'f,  ulili'li  \\\\\  III  III'  nil  ||<.  jry  IhimiIii  tlif 
!M'!lvl»".t  lit  !.-||  Vt'lljclf.  I'nr  lllf  -liilff  lif  .-Is  III'  l»i'\t'M  IhIi;; 
Ilti(lilll<«.      'rili>«  IriillK'll-*'  ImmIv  «>r  \\A\v\'  |.<4  lut'lily  \\\v  IrtiKIH'H 

'AJiii'tii  Its  iiMMiili,  titiil  niiiriiiiiH  \nkv<  of  itiio  li>ti;{ui"«  III  I'lr* 
niMirfifiH*'.'  Il  I- im\ imiMf  fur  >|il|>H  1*0  |.  iiyiM".  fiMii  tlii> 
Mi'tMli.    Il '«  \uiti'l'«  ill  Ni!t;„Hil'ii  ftii'iii  II  lii(i«|  HtM|ii>i|i|iiiis  riiliHilct, 

fiilliiiir  |i<-i|M-iiili<-uliitly  Willi  all  iiii'it'iiiliii'  hIiiuU  t>M>f  u 
|)ri'<'i|i|)'i>  of  '.'(Ml  U'v\. 

"TIm'  iiiilivi"*  tif  tills  It!ii1»!ir«iii«.  ciiii'titiy  iiio  TiuIIiiiih.  wfll- 
r.n;ii''i|,  imisi'iilai'.  iiiiil  lM';ii<ll<"«-t.  'I'lifir  niiii|tlt'\lnii  wmih! 
Iif  li»!t'i.il»ly  I'liii'.  iliil  IIm')  IH»I  ilf>ti<«y  il  liy  riiriiuti  uf  nil 
mill  fiaiiit  III  iiiaiiy  nilms.  At  all  <*i'a"oii>»  ui'  tin-  stiii,  iln'stt 
cliililtrti  of  till' rni'i'^t  K'*  iMU'i'liiaili'tl.     la  wiiilir  tlii>y  in|) 

llll'lll-l'IVfS   ill    skill'*,    ill   .SlIIIIIIICI'   till-    llli'll    M|H|>|'||(|    Slitllf    |liu>i* 

ruNt'iiiii;  rnttii  till*  lull,  iiiiti  ill)'  liiili:iii  wnniaii  in  lialt' 
clntlitil  with  a  Uiml  of  shiit,  thai  ilfsci'iiils  aol  t|uiti>  m>  U\w 
(|H  till'  klit'i'.  llii'  li'lliallliW'rnf  till'  Itiiily  lii'iii;,' rxjuiHi'il.'  'I'lii-y 
MM'    |i;lltl_\     nil  uailH'.    jiilllly  oil   Iml  41'  HI'  (Iny's  |Il•^||    |||;it    (iif 

ul'  ili-f;i-f  (ir  old  a;;r.  'I'liis  is  iilujivs  •■at«ii  wiliniiil  lufad. 
'I'lii'y  liiiM'.  ill  till'  ii«'I;:IiIi<>iIi'iih|  of  l-'ii'iidi  .Hi'tllciiit'iilM, 
siiiall  |ilaiitatiiMiH  of  liidiiiii  ruin,  with  wliirli  thiy  iiialvc  a 
kiinl  i>r  |inn  iilL''!' I'alli'tl  siuinnilh  . 

"Till'  liiiliiiiis  hav*>  III)  li.M'il  lialtilaliiiiis,  lait  uainliT  in 
trihi's  I'lniii  |il!i('i'  to  pldri'.  iicroiilin^  jis  iii'ci'^sily  or  I'aiii'y 
fi'iiith's  tlit'iii.  Tlii'y  IihIjui-  ill  lints  m-  ti'iiis  of  Ioum-s  of 
i>:iii\,  .stichcil  io;j;i'tlit'i'.     Noiliiii;^  is  iiioii'  cni.-l  or  nioH'  U>- 

I  Till-  nliiivr  Ui-vrii  vi'l  iiiiiii'i'iiriiti'Hi'»rrl|illiiii  nf  lliiM'xiri'im'i'llmiitt'  of  llii'  I'riivliirc  of  <jiit»« 
>   I',  iir  |,ii\wr  <  uniiilii:  Imt  ti  liy  no  iiiiiiif  ii|i|illi'-  lo  llii'  I'rotliiic  of  tlnlnrlo,  iir  r|i|i<  r  r.inuijii, 

'rill    rllinilf  iif  'I' iilo  !•  M- Il  iii|iiiiili' 11- lliiil  (if  llioi.ljjii,  N.  Y    Wi' liilliM' ii;iiri' 'I  ii«  rull* 

In  llrniikiin  iMr.\  Hliihr  limn  In  Itir  iii|illiil  nf  (inliirin. 

»  ill  rtfir-  lixhi'  uri'iil  l.iikr"  -Siiiiriiui,  lliir Ijiii'.  anil  Onlurlo, 

'  Tlilo,  iliiiililli'nK,  n'fi'ro  toilii'  roUim  .\l:;<ini|iilii<  (liiii  niiiinni  iiruiinil  ijiuIht,  Monlri'iil.  nnil 
llir  lo«ir  I'rinliHi'"'.  Il  hoiiIiI  mil  Iir  i-lrli  ll.v  Irni'  If  ii|iiillril  In  llir  llnron- nf  I'lipi  r  Cmmilii 
Till'  llni  '»  "iUiiH  '  t'l  ntTiilly  (iiilli 'il  iIhiii-i'Ihk  hIiIi  nun  h  nmilr-ly;  tmii  iiinri' -ii,  Hrllrr-  it 
ih'^  III  I'litliiT  <Ihiii  "  tilt' iiiii'l  |iliMi<  liiilii'K  III  Kruiiir."  Iliil  In  llic  Hiirrlom  u  Hliiillur  ciiinpli- 
j.ii'tit  10  liu  I  n;  111'  I  :i.,!,  iv.  Ml  .1111  r '!'.i>  il.-pi  n-iil  with  i\rn  iirllrlc  nf  lliclr  ruili'iuM'riliiitbiil 
till'  i..ij.-c»iia.t».-"/i'.'*'<ri  tfHi*  tulUllJ  C^iirc'i  in  the  liiilui  .Slain." 


e 


iiil«<l   ill   tlif 

,  "h  till'  Mill* 
•y  lii'iiiii  tlif 

ir  M'\('||  Ihii^ 
'>  llNf  Ictt^lll'H 
I'll^jClirH   ill  I'll'- 

xni->  fiMii  fill' 
i|iiii«4  <'iit:irti«'t, 

iilui't.     «>\t>|-    u 

TinHiihs.  wt'll. 
tli\iiiii  wmih'. 

riirlinti  tif  nil 
111'  \  rill,  lili'«*M 
liter   flii'V    luil 

ml  s(itih>  ItiuM) 
•iiKiii  JH  lialf 
I  i|ili!i>  so  UtW 
<|niMil.'  'riit'y 

lIl•^ll     lll.-ll     *lt<> 

iilitiiii   lijciiil. 

1  ^t'tilcmniiM, 

liny  iiiiiUi'  u 

lilt  uiiiiilt'i'  in 
^itv  «ii'  I'liiicy 

•  if     li'llM'S     (if 
•1    (If    IlluH-  I'f 


r  I  111'  I'i'iivlriri' of  (jiK" 
rio.  <ir  r|i|i<  r  ('.inuilii. 
■IliM'  ii:iiri'  fiiiH  full* 


J(uImt,  Moiitri'iil.  niiil 
iiii>  iif  r|i|H  r  Ciiiiiiilii. 
<i  II  iiiiirt'  >ci,  MrlliH  II 
rliim  u  hliiilliir  I'liiiipli- 
lii'lr  ruili'i'tiMTliiuliiit 


MimiFli  VMUlMiHr  nnrni:rnf>i 


^77 


ruiioiiH  ill  uiir  lliiin  iIh»»m.  I»iiil.iiriiiii«i  tli.'li'  iv\i«iiU"  U  iit»l 
.•\.Mi  wiiIhH.nI  liy  tlfiiili.  Tlii'y  Hiulp.  Imiiii,  hih  U  iIi*-  I»Iim.!. 
i»|M'H  III.'  IhmIIix.  tlrii'jf  lUii  til.' t'liinilN.  tiiul  .'ni  ili'*  li'iiil  •»? 
ih.'lr  *i.iiiii«« ;  iiui  III.' III.  y  .  \.  II  llnii -iill'-ll' •!.  Kviy  t.»i'. 
iiii'iii  iliiit  imiiuliiJiiloii  tiiii  wiijrp'Hl  Ih  •'xliiiiif»l«'«l  Ami  tli" 
.ItiiiKht.  r  t.r  ihf  ftniHi  h  in»i  !••»•»*  i-riH'l  tliiiii  lli«'  *i»'rn«'i'w'x; 
IihIi'i'iI,  It  iHNtil.l  tliiit  lli.y  «'vt'ii  •.iiiim^H  tlif  tin  ii  In  n  lhi>  «l 

i»riii'lt>. 

'•Tlit'ii'^'.'itf  I'lvi'llii."*"*  Ittflf  h  tliii'*  '*i'h....ltHl  lohiiilHiiliy  ; 
r..r  wliil.'  th.'  p\i\i\nv  pJiK'iit  h  thus  uititiryliiu;  lih  l»riitiil 
r.i'lliiUM,  III.,  cliiliiit'ii  iliiiu."  iiK'iiii.l  iiii'l  iii>Mli  111.'  iinr.'itii- 
niitf  Hiiiri'ifi'.  I'jillinu;  !iiiii  l»y  th.*  ii|i|itllati.iii  «»l  w. 11111111.  if 

h».  iiti.TH  II  iii>l;iiiit  oimU.'m  II  ^iKi>  <'l*  '*«'ii''il'illt\  ill  tlif 

iiii.ht  ('f  tli.'li' iitiiM'ilit'M,     'I'liiMi'iiH'lty.  luiiltiiioUMjiH  it  iiiiiy 

iiplM'iii'.  h    not    I..  I .•iii|i;iiv«l   It'   III'"  tl.'^|M'riitt'  rninii^o 

.•\lni'.'i|  l.y  till'  \iiin|iii^li.'<l  Imliaii.  Il<'  U  ><'.'ti  <'iHliiiiii« 
til.'  «lr.'ii<llui  iiiiiihiiiiKi'i  <>|'  lit.'  iin.l  >w(iiil,  i|iii»'tly  •^in^riiiK, 
iiidI  r.'pn.iHliinK  tin*  rxiTiitloiu-iM tiiiit  llivy  wiiiit  iii;;»'tiulty, 
tliiis  stiiiiiilatiiiu;  tin'iii  t.>  n.'W  ciiu'IiI.'h. 

"Willi  tilt' .'M'.'iiii.iii  olii  I'.'w  c.tiiv.it.il  Ity  til.'  iiiioNion- 
iirli's,  til.'  siivii'^t'!'*  III.'  piH'iiilly  ill.. lilt.  IS.  'I'll.'  |iiiii«'i|iiil 
tiltj.'ct  III'  tli.'ir  r.'rirl'iil  !iil<.i!iii.iti  is  11  iiiiii.'vnl.'nt  Npiiif  wliitli 
tlii'yciill  iiniiuli'ii.  '!'.»  tiiis  tlicy  nllVr  Miciilin'  ..l'  pnipia- 
til. 11.  'I'll,  ir  niaiiii.'f  of  ."^iKiili.iim'  is  to  tlirow  tol>ac(o  into 
til.'  livff  or  s.  a,  a  rciviiioiiy  llu-y  iioviT  omit  bd'tuf  u  voy- 
a;;.'  is  iin.lcrlali.'ii. 

"Till*  Kiviu'h  liavt!  I.iiilt  tlinv  piimipal  towns  In  ('iiniidn, 
QiHhii\  Thiit  Itinrs,  an<l  Vilh-Mmii:  (iii.''lM'c.  tli.-  cap- 
ital, is  till'  r.'sid.'iii r  a  luNliop.  a  (iovmior,  who  is  al  tin? 

saini' tiini'  (iovniivtr  of  New  I'laint'  and  of  tin*  Kxci'iilivo 
Council.  Till'  Hi'v.  (oiitl.'iiH'n  tif  Sr.  Siilpir."  urn  »  />/»  mn 
tif  tlio  t'litiio  Island  of  Moiiti.'al;  thry  liav.'  prnpajjial.'d 
Catliolicity  Ity  nmlliplyint,'  tin'  nninhi'r  of  laltoivrs  in  tlio 
vint'yard  of  the  Lord.  Indi'.'d  tin' ivv.'iiii.'  of  their  wholo 
Srif/unin'i'  i.s  totally  devoted  in  the  eau.se  of  the  ({osjiel."' 


>  \']IUMi\rtf,  I.  c,  till'  town  of  Mnr.r.    It  !•  now  ihf  uniit  ilty  of  Moiitri'iil. 
«  It  miiy  I).'  w.ll  to  ri  nuinliiT  llinl  llii'  foruKoliig  wni.  wrlltuli  Jiii-t  out  hiimlrtd  aintjl/iij  yiir» 
nrjij,  wlii'ii  t'uimdu  wim  ii  Krciuli  culiiiiy. 


;'! 


!i    i 


f)78 


MOTllim  MAUaMiKT  FiOl'Udf-JOfS. 


'I'lioiiLili  Sistt'V  liniii'^cois  liimlcd  ill  (Jiiclicc.  slic  ilid  not 
rcilliiill  there.  Tlie  tnuil  tli:if  lioie  tlie  iiiiilie  of  MiUV,  lier 
Pl'dtectivss,  \v;is  (lie  ie:il  |i(iiiit  ol'  iitliiU'tioii  Ai'cnidiii^ily 
slic  jditeeeded  tn  M(i;ille:il  u  il  li  ( JoVeiiKU' de  Miiisnniieiive. 
'I'his  Isliiiid'  uiis  tlieii  iiotlii;.;;-  imiiv  lli:iM  :i  dre:ny.  desnliitc 
Jurest,  so  niiicli  Ml  tli'it  it  could  not  idl'oid  even  u  cottii^e 
in  wliicli  to  ofVer  tlie  Holy  Sjicriliee  of  ilie  Miiss.  A  tent 
AMIS  tlie  only  teiiiple  (.r  tin'  livin.ii,-  (ioK  ;inil  ;i  tree  i,{'  tlin 
});oiid  forest  tlie  only  :  lecpjc  ! 

Now  liad  diiwned  the  soh  nin  dny  on  uhidi  Sister  liour- 
p'ois'  wishes  \\ ere  to  lie  renli/ed.  The  ell'spi  ilii:' oi'  llie  lii- 
diiiii  and  the  child  oi'  the  Fl'ench  were  seated  to  receive 
jiiatnitoiisly  thai  instruction  which  (ends  to  foini  the  un- 
tutored sava.uc  and  the  docile  Kieiich  heai'f;  yei.  I'oih  re- 
ri'ived  the  science  ol'  sciences,  on  wliicli  all  human  knowl. 
edu('  is  liased  the  science  of  salvation.  AN'ho  could  de- 
,s(U'ilie  the  activity  of  Sister  I'tuirireois"  /eal  in  thisaiduous 
task:'     With  what  deliuht    she  went    i'rcMii   lent  to  tent,  to 

ellli.uhtell  the  y(MIIl,U.  W  hell  circumstances   Jilcvellt   the   li:ill'- 

clad  children  ol'  nature  fnnu  thfon.uiii.u' .-iround  her;  iiordid 
she  limit  her  untirin.ti'  atlenlioiis  and  chaiity.  She  watclu  d 
and  served  tlie  sick  with  niatei'iial  care,  even  the  tlead  le 
ceived  I'roin  liei-  benevolent  liands  the  last  sad  seivicis. 
She  washed  and  repaired  the  ch)tlies  of  the  ])oor  soldier ;  in 
a  wold,  she  is  an  eye  and  a  hand  to  all  neither  the  wiiut 
oi;  the  necessaries  ol"  life,  nor  tlie  insu]!]  (UtaMe  ri.uor  of  the 
Canadian  winter,  nor  the  almost  intohraMe  h<'at  of  sum- 
mer, i;or  the  fear  of  the  sava.ucs.  nor  the  wild  disiicsilicu  of 
th(»  Indian  children-  nothing',  in  slioit,  scdiud  cai'alle  of 
dampiiiiL!:   for  a.  moment   lier   fervent   ze:il   and  houmllrss 

charity. 

Sncii  is  an  abridiinient  oi'  the  ilrst  live  years  Sister  ]5our- 
geois  spent  in  >rontreal  I 

AVliat  ti  misfortune  that  we  have  not  been  .irratilied 
with  more  ample  details   of   lier  actions,   and  that    they 

'  Momrnil  IS  l)iiill  on  nn  islniid  nf  llicHainc  iianic 

''■  Sill' niicnrd  luT  sclicii)!,""  wrilcs  rnrkmaii.  "Ill   a   btalilf,  wliicli  aiiswcri'd  lo   iiic  ^•lallle  i  f 
Bfllilolii'in,  lodiiins;  willi  liiT  imjiilr^  iii  llic  loft.""-  7'/»  0!</  l!t(iiiiii  in  Ciiianhi. 


sli*>  (lid  not 
III'  Miuy,  liiT 

At'C(ii(lii!,uiy 
Miiisomii'inc. 
my.  <l('S(i!;it'.' 
<'ii  :i  ('(iliii.uc 
liiss.     A   li'iit 

I   tivf    el'     till' 

Sistci'  Iiimi'- 
II,!:,'  of  ilic  lii- 
'([  tt»   icccivc 
lunii  tl;<'  'Ill- 
vet,  I'dlii    ic 
iiiiiiii   kiiowl 
u»    Cdiild    (Ic 
I  tiiisiiitliKMis 
lit   to  ti'iit.  to 
■rill   till'   lilill'- 
I  lici' ;  iiordid 

SllC  \V!!tcIl(  d 

tilt'  d(!;(l  ic 
Slid  scivic(s. 
lor  soldier ;  in 
her  the  wiiiit 
!e  li.uor  of  the 
lu'iit  of  SIllll- 
<lisl)('sili(iii  of 
d  (!i]'nlle  of 
lid   I'oimilless 

s  Sister  I'oiir- 

i(>eii    urn  tilled 
nd   thai    tliey 


crcil  to   iiic  ^laliie  if 
Kid. 


}fnTUKn  MMifiAUKT  pnvnr.Knis. 


570 


oe.Mirred  at   a   time  ^vluMl   the   use   <.f   the   p.n  was  very 


inn 


ited' 


Ilaviini  aniulred  n  tlioron,trlil<no\vle,l,ire  of  the  connlry  in 
live  veaT^  tills  heroic  iadv  jiidici-'iisly  eoiicliided  tlialshe 
•done  was  inadequate  In  areoiiii.lish  all  that  iheuaiitsof  tlie 
.M.ople  re,inire<l.  The  id.  a  of  foiniinsa  new  M.|inioiis<'<.m- 
niunifv.  on  the  i-lan  of  thai  foinierly  atlmiited  by  I'ather 
l-indret  at  Troves,  now  enuioss. d  all  lieraltent.<iii.  To  lind 
n'.Msons  f.ir  that  i  uir.:se  in  Canada  Avas  as  yet  ,|nit.'iiniu.s- 
sil.le  She.  therefore,  decided  to  cro<s  the  l.eril(.lis  deep, 
in  search  of  yoiin.if  and  .levoted  hearts  lo  share  in  her  a^os- 

tolical  labors. 

She  <rKl  not  seek  ill  vain.     On  h<"r  ret mn  she  was  acccom- 
inliied   1)V   four  excel!. 'lit    ycmi--  ladi.-s     ;h.'  Misses  Ci.^o, 
Raisin.  li'voUN.  au.lChat.'l.    Their  ni.'iil.  virtu. .  and  brav.'iy 
reiideredl'h.'inuorthyof  I'.,  oinin.i;- 111.' coniiiMiioiis  of  the  he- 
roic Mar-aivt  rioiir-eois.    r.iit  at  that  day  no  niaji'sti.'  sl.'ani- 
ersciit  th.' Atlantic  with  th.'ir  iron  UeeN:  :in.I  a  voy.-p- across 
the'^t..rniv  ocean  was  ..-en.'iidly  a  most  perilous  and  soidtry- 
.:„...  j,Mirn."'V.   "On  the:>d  of  .Inly.  l(i.V.>,'"  ^vrit.•s  Fran.'is  I'ark- 
inan,   "111.''  sliii)  >?.  Aii'lir  lay  in  tli.-  hariior  of  IJo.di.'lie, 
crowded  with  passenuvrs  for  Canada.     She  had  seiv.'d  two 
years  as  a  hospital    f.)r  inarin.'s,  and  was   infected  with  a 
('•onta^•i()ns  fever.     Incl  idin,-r  the  <Tew,  soin.>  two  hundred 
iiersons  weiv  on  board,  more  than  half  of  whom  were  bouml 
for  Montreal.     Most   of   these  were  sturdy  laborers,  arti- 
sans,' peasants,  ami  soldiers.  to,t;vtli(>r  with  a  troop  of  young 
women,  their  \r:v^<~^\\\  o\-  future  partners,  a  portion  of  the 
company  set  down  on  the  old  record  as  'sixty  virtuous  men 
and  thirty-two  pi.)us  p;irls.'     There  Avere  two  priests  also, 
ViiA'nal  and  L<>  Maitre,  both  destined  to  a  speedy  death  at 
the    hands  of    the   Iro.piois.     Hut   the  most   consi.icuous 
amoni?  those  passenuvrs  for  :Montreal  were  two  irroiips  of 
women  in  the  haliit  of  nuns,  under  rhe  direction  of  Afarjiaret 
Bouri-eois  and  Jeanne  Mance.     Mar,uaret  l^ourp^ois,  wliose 
kind,"womanly  face  bespoke  lier  tltness  for  the  task,  was 
Foundress  of' the  school  for  female  children  at  Montr.^al; 
her  companion,  a  tall,  austere  ligure,  worn  with  sull'ering 


nso 


MoriiF.n  M.MidMiET  noiiKihors. 


!Hi(l  <'!ii'<',  was  (liicctrcss  of  tlif  lidsjiiini.  Iidth  liad  rftuiJicd 
In  I-'ranci"  Un-  ai<l.  and  Wfic  now  on  tlM-ii-  way  bacU.  each 
uilh  tliicc  icciiiiis,  tlii'cc  Ix'inj;"  tlic  mystic  miiiiln'r,  as  a 
tviic  of  llif  llolv  l-'amilv,  (•)  whose  woisliiit  ilicv  wi  i(^ 
(•specially  di'voicd."  ' 

Moiliei'  rioiir^i'ois  and  licr  ^ciiili-  comijanioiis  itadird 
Montival  sal'-'lN.  It  was  jiisf  cxaclly  a  ycai-  siiicf  Ikt 
tlfpaitiin".  TliMs  was  Iici'  promise  fidlillrd.  lid'oic  sedinj^ 
out  for  France,  she  had  pionused  tlial  she  woid'i  lelniii  to 
^'ille■Mal•ie  on  tiu' very  day  of  tlie  immlli  and  hoiUdl'  tlio 
day  on  which  she  (h-pailed,  ji  year  liom  tinj  date  ol'  de- 
part iin?. 


•  '•  The  old  Kcifliiir  in  CiiiMdii."    I'lirkiiiiin  nilnlii!«'«  ilic  iiiiiiilicrof  liiilici*  :u'('i)niimii)'ili(r  Mutlicr 
I}<)iirt{i'ui.-.    It  wii^ '(<'/;,  lull  lliiic.    Snlicrlifi  li.v  K.iii-niiii. 


Iiiid  n-hinicil 
y  l)!icU.  ciicli 
tmiln'i',  ;is  :i 
!>    tlh'y  \\(i'c 

oris  ica('li(<l 
\v  sincf  licr 
Icl'ori'  selling 
il't  ictinii  to 

liour  ol'  tin; 

ihlli'  ^>li   cl<!- 


'i'iiiii|Kiiiyiii!.'  Miilliir 


C'UAl'TKR  IV. 

Tin;  IIItsT  Itr.I.K.Iol  >  olM.l.K    rurNl>r.I>  IN   AMKItlcA. 

of  Ihr  Cnnqnuxlion   >lr    .Xnfrr    Ihujn       Ih  r  s<rn,„l  Inn 
in    rr<n,n        ro»N</s    if     Cltiiprl     ill     hiiiinr    <'J     11"     ^l'»<l 

niissnl   Vin/in      l.<i'">r--<  "<i'l  iir<'irlh  <>J  I"  r  rniiiiiiiniifil 

-  //.v  lia>  rii  !,/•  „},},  rl.s  -  I>,i  .v.v  nf  (h<  Sisi,  rs  (Juii/i/n  s 
V'hi'-h  a  Si.^/.'i-  r.liuiihl  ,inss,^.s-Tli<ll  nrilrr  I  In  i  r  Huh' 
from  liishnii  >•/.   Voli'i-   The  ruiiniil  (h  .s(ruii<  (l~  Four 

'  ,l,ili-s  of  UK  lil"l  "<l"ii!l      l'<'(rri>/'  .siiili. 

As  ({ov.M-imr  d.'  M;iis..miritv.>  was  a  d.-volrd  Callinlic,  and 
•I  '-knio'lir  wiilKUit  ffar  and  without  ivproacli,""  li.'was  tiH.st 
nnxi..n's  \n  .Ik.w  liis  d.-..].  ivsi-rct   for  tlu"  ivli-icus   ladirs 
wlio  li.MK.ml  Vilh'-Mari."  Avitli  tl.rir  pivs^'iic.',  and  M.-scnl 
it    l.v    th.'ir   lal)(»vs.     lint    pxid    intentions  cannot    do  all 
tliiu'-'H.     The  Sisters  ni'<-d(>d  a  lious.-,  and  tla-  (Jovcnior  liad 
non"  to  i-'iv*"  tliem.     15nildiii-s  w.«iv  so  v<>ry  raiv  tlial    lie 
Avas  cvon  coini.rllrd    to  olVcr  tlicni   a   stabl.'.  which   they 
uladly  acccittcd.'     And  Ikmc  in  t]iis  stable  was  formed  l>y 
Marji-aret  T.oiifp'ois  the  .///-.v/  reli-ioiis  order  ever  I'ounth'd 
in  .viiierica— th(!  Coiii/nf/nfi'iii  dr  Xnlrc  /himr/    'I'he  yoiin<? 
hidy  novices  immediately  heunui  their  hdtors.  iaithfidly  fol- 
low'ini;  in  the  footstejis  of  their  illustrious  guide  and  found- 
ress, "u  is  said   that  the  spirit  of  holy  i.overty,   which 
roi^med  throughout  this  small  conimunity,  led  the  gentle 
inmates  to  lind  new  charms  in  their  most  humble  abode. 

15ut  this  wretched  residence  really  cramped  the  lal)ors  of 
the  Sisters:  and,  iiuleed,  pnncnted  tlu-ir  fullilling  tlie  end 


•  It  HlH.uM  !..•  r,.imMul...r-<l  thiU  .rvon  y-ar-^  n(u-r  llii.-  that  i..  in  1007  -  ihv  ^v^^*n:■  yivi'i.  .o  Moil 
trcal  iiiily  Tiil'i  cdulr^:  (^uc'icc.  IW. 
-  Til    s-lii^  <if  till'  ( •(iiit.'rr','iiti<iii  of  our  l.ady.  ^ 


ri8'2 


MoriiKii  .M.\it()Mi/:r  iKn-nuhois. 


Ill 


m 


M 


(tf  tlit'ir  voc.'ifion.     A  clinnir*'  >v;is  iifcrssMi'v      A  movo  com- 

jn(»(li<nis  (Iwclliiiij;  soon  Im'i;;ii1  to  list-.  ;ili(l  \v;is  iniiily  cinii- 
])It'tt'i|,  wlini  Motlicr  l>oni-,t;"oi.s  !iy;iiii  hiiivi-il  ilic  itirors  of 
the  Atlaiilii'.  Willi  a  .soiil  lillfd  witli  <'oiilii|<>iirc  in  (JoW, 
.slif  lamlftl  a  .sfcoiul  liinc  in  thr  <(inntiy  of  Iht  railicis  Tim 
she  <li(l  I'or  the  two  fold  purport'  of  ohiaininu'  ifticis  patfiii 
IVoin  Louis  \\\  ..  U)V  tln'  [H'lnianfUt  t>la)ili>linnnt  of  Ik  i' 
InslitMli'.  and   in  oidfi'  to  hiinu'  omt  nioic  ladies  to  assist 

lii'f.     SiK ss  suiili'd  on  Ikt  clVorts.     'I'lic  docnniciils  uhirh 

^;lll•  so  justly  demanded  were  si;;iied  and  put  into  liei'  hands 
without  alni(»st  any  solicitation  on  liei'  pait.  She  had  also 
the  liapi  iness  of  ivceiv iii_H'  scNeial  yoimg  ladies  int<»  hef 
eonmiuiuty. 

These  rol'tlinate  residts  she  nttlihnted  to  the  Int'Tcessic  n 
ol'   the    Most     jilessed   \  ir,Li;in.   \\]io;e    j)l(»te(tion    the   lieloi.- 

laily  endeavored  to  insnie  liy  (lectini:'  :i  chapel  in  In!- 
honor  a  I  M' mi  i  real.  The  pafticidarsol'  iis  erection  aie  thus 
;;i Veil  I ly  the  !(  undress  hersell': 

"-fit  niusi  he  acUtiowledu'ed."  she  writes,  "that  («od  m 
His  mercy  has  \vat<'hed  o\er  our  liiile  cominuniiy  in  a  most 
adndralile  manner.  On  my  arrival  in  this  (|e^olale  counti'v 
I  Was  not  in  possession  of  a  tlmilihin,'  and  iio|  wii  hsiaiidiiiir. 
I  undertook  to  raise  a  chaiiel  in  honor  oi'  the  e\er  r)le>-ed 
N'iruin  .Molhei'of  (iod.  Tii  succeed  I  stimulatMl  the  inhat)- 
itanis   to  collect  the  stone  necessary   for   the  nndeitakim:- 

'i'heir  laltor  I  elldeavoled  to  lepry  hy  my  needle.  .Mr.  d(> 
Maisonneuvt'  had  ilie  timber  prepared,  and  others  supplied 
the  lime,  sand,  and  hoards.  Inline.  I  found  snllicieiit  ma- 
terials to  complete  the  huildinir.     .lust   as  the  I'oundafions 

wt're  laid,  tin-  Al)he  ih^ arrived  at  Quehec  from  l*' ranee 

havinu  l«'anit'(l  my  procwdiiiji-,  lie  innncdiately  stopped  its 
cxeciiiion.  In  the  meantime  1  returned  to  Franrv.  and  o\\ 
airivinii'  in  Canada  I  had  the  ndsforrune  to  lind  that  the 
materials  whi(di  I  had  so  mucli  trouhle  in  ('(Meeting  weie 
completely  scatrered.  What  was  still  more  eml)arrassin,<r,  \ 
was  compi'lled,   in  consequence  of  the  nnmher  of   nuns  1 


i 

! 

'  About  815. 

1 

lir 

^■uaL 

Moriir.i:  mmu'.a uirr  nnrimEnis 


m'^ 


IS  iKiiily  ctiiii- 
ilic  icirtus  of 

IcIICt'    ill    (iml. 

ralliris     TIlH 

Ifttcj^  |i;itrlit 

OillK'iil    of   liir 

idit's  In  nssist 
iiiiii  Ills  \s  iiicli 
iito  lirr  IimikIs 
.'*>li<'  li:i(l  iil,-() 
i(li»s  iiilu   lici' 

('  iiit"i('('ssi(  M 

111     lilc    lli'loii' 

liiipt'l    ill    Inr 

L'tioll  illt'  ihiis 

•Ili:it  (mmI  m 
iiiiy  III  ;i  must 
dhiti'  f()iiiiii-v 

willlsliilHlill;^-, 

(•\t'i'    r.if>MMi 
ti^l  liii'  iiiliiili 

iiii(U'ii;il\iiiu 
('•III'.      Mr.  (i(> 
iicrs  siiiiplicil 

Mlllicit'lll    IlKI- 

'  r(>iiii(l:in()iis 
IVoiii  l-'riinct' 
ly  stopii('!l  its 
iinpe,  ;ni(l  or. 
liiiil  thiit  tli<> 
llfcting  wi'ic 
iilnunissinir,  \ 
KT   (if    mills    1 


l.rnll-llt  nut   frnill   VvAWrr.  tofivct  il    Ih-llM.  ;i     llllll.llv.!     f.^.-t 

ill  l.'ii-ili.  riii^.  "f  .•niirsi..  (l.-n-nvd  ilic  nvciinii  ..f  ili.- 
,.1,;,,„,1.  l'„.r.,iv  I  compl.'t.'il  III.'  Iiiit'riur  ii  mir  lums,..  ! 
Niw  inysfi'"  ..l.li.uv.l  :iu:iiii  t..  visit  tli<'  <.M\v..ii.l  :i  sn-ninl 
tiiu.-.  "<lii  m\  I'-liirii  tlif  ■aIiuI.-  .•..iiiiiiKiiil  \  I'-'li  v.lirjioiis 
J- ,,.  ,1,,., ,,„„,, |",.li.,„  ..r  tlir.-lmiM-!.  wiii.-li  in.'ivls  .-.oi^isl.'.l  ..f 
,|„.  ili.il.T  un;>U  u.ii-li  li:i'l  I' '"11  I'l"  "P  '"■''"'"  '">■  '='^' 
\!.v!i-v.  'I'iii>  l..nu'-\vi^li'''l  l'"'i'''"ii'"l'"-  wii>liii;iily  .•..iiiplri.-.l 
in' till"  yt'iir  IfiT;.  iiii'l  :ist!iiiif  nf  tin-  Most  !U.-.->'mI  \  ii 
rjii.  l>y  m..:iii-,  of  ul''cli  ;i  mirnrlf  imd  1  ■  di  oi.iiitr.l  in  l':i- 
'%•'.!■  of   Mr.  d>'  Kill'  '111'.  \v;is  siijciiiiiiy  i>I.wimI  lii'iriii."' 

Si>!.T  I'.niii-M.is'  iiii.'iiiinii  ill  fivctinu  iliis  li"Hsr  of 
].r;iy.'r  wiis  to  iini.ivss  ,.11  iIm- ( ':iii!i(li:iii  iiiiiHltli;-  !i":p.rn!y 
;„.*;i"iiiy  mipI  uriiiMli'iir  of  drvoiioii  to  tli.'  .Mo,iirr  ..I'  (...d. 
Till' iM«'i'<s,iiii  lilc-.iiius  wliicli  uviv  sliou.ivd  i!|'oii  il:r  ill- 
nil, t  ••siiilili-hiiK-nt  w.'iv,  HO  doidit.  "'Will-   to    iIk'    poWill'llI 

^il'ot  .Clioll   of    MillN  . 

'ri„.  i;isli..i.  of  (,)!!. -Lrc -Mvo   full  lilii'iiy  to  III.' ,-i>i<'is  t.» 

..vclrlld  tliril'  sidioolv  t  111  oll-ll.  .11 1  ill.'  ]  ■!  u\  i  IK'. '.  'ih^'V  hi- 
ll ,ii'.l  with  ih;ii  mil.  iiiitiiiiu'  /ral  whirli  is  fvcr  ivward.Ml  hy 
jl    trli  fold    slic'i'ss.      Ali.l    so    -T.'Mt     \v:is   tli."   lillllilxr    wh<» 

l)(.-r^vd   iidiiiitciMC'  into  th.'  < mniiiiiy  o'"  tin'   ('oii.u:i'»',l;!i- 

tioii.  that  ill  thfspai I'  t.Mi  years   the  {■'oiiiidn'ss    liad   llu3 

haiipiiM'ss  of  ivcfiviiiu' /o//// ••>>•"■' /'  iin'inl'i'is.  li>   wlioin   she 

pininis.'d  iK'ith.T  wealth  nor  caitlily  «'.iiiil'ori.     'I'l idy 

attrai'tinii  was  the  siiiii'lici'v  ami  jiovrrly  .d"  the  <;os|m'1. 

Sine.'  w."  iiave  now  c  oiiic  to  that  jH'iioil   at  v.hi.'h  this  cs- 
talilisliiii.'ui  attain. 'il  its  i'oiniation.  we  shall  dwell  with  the 

111., re  i»leasiii' i  the  adini;al)h'  ins]tirali..ns  by  w  hii  h  th.' 

Holy  S],irir  diivct.-d  Mother  lioiirueois.  The  two  i.iincil':il 
ends  she  pioixised  |.i  her  children  w.'ic  d..  th.'ir  oini. 
minrlljl-dfliiiu  ci.  t  lint  of  flnir  iirlijlihur.  H.'tli  theseeiids 
slie  acVomi.lished  in  i»res('ril)in;i-  the  three  vows  u[  poverty, 
cha'itity,  and  obediein-e  :  reeoinniendinii',  at  thevame  time, 
frecinent  ])rayer,  holy  niedllatioii,  serious  exaiidmilion, 
sjiiritual  retirement. 

Mother  Boiirjj;eois  proposing  the  Most  Dlessed  Wv^wx  as 
the  niodel  jf  her  Sisterhood,  ptvrtieiaarly  wished  that  the 


■^ 


r.H-1 


vn rriKit  M. I  wi . I  /.' /•,•/•  itn  im t:nis. 


iiiiiH  slioiiM  Iti'  (nliiNii  il,.vnf<'il  III  I't'iiiiilc  iiistnicl'mn.  iiml 

r(»IlSf(llH'lilly  U  'M    lllf    titlrnf    "Sii'lirs   SiTiilir'tt'S  iln 

l:i('<uii{r»Vati(#ii  •    '      ').,"    Imtmiisc.  imt  iiiiiUiii.u' tin' snlriiiii 
vows,    iIk'v   arc   ;:  .i    <'l(iisti-i   il   ir|iifinii«<.     IIn\v»'V)'f,    llicy 
ii(lu|if  tin-  titli'  ul'  "Till'  ('iiimii'ii'iitinii  (»r  oiii-  LkIv,"  cdiisiil 
niim  I  In-  (J'if,-ii  of  Ap  Htlcs  ax  llicir  h'-ad,  lliL'ir  iiindel,  ami 
tlii'ir  sin'cial  paliim. 

Ii:-ilriiffioii.  ill  wliicli  llu"  Sisters  cxci'l.  was  init  iiii'ifly 
tniiliiii'tl  1<»  llii'  f'ty,  Itiil  t'xtt'udiMl  Id  till'  iiion'  ilistaii! 
Iiidiaii  child,  t-vni  at  tlif  very  risk  nf  jil'i'.  \irtuc  Ila-y 
}>ai;iculaily  iuciilMti'd.  iiisiiniatin.i;-  ai  tin-  saint'  liiui'  lln' 
inaciicn  of  il.  |(»  whiili  was  atMcd  tlic  traiiiini;'  nl"  ilic  _\  ouili- 
I'ld  mind  to  till'  loM'and  iiiusiiit  ol'  tlinsc  ails  and  scicurrs 
tilt'  Un(»wli'(l'4.'  i>i'  which  may  l)t'  liuiit'tl  it)  a  iisfriil  atcninr 
at  a  later  i>i'iit)tl. 

'riif  dress  til'  the  Sisters  was  exti'euiely  plain,  cDnsisiinii' 
of  a  I'hu'k  lial)it.  partly  t)pi'ii  in  limit,  the  lolds  i'tnnitil  Ky 
a  helf.  The  neek«M'('hiel'  antl  heail  dress  was  of  linen,  ii> 
whlcii  WHS  added  a  veil  and  a  small  silver  crtiss  wtiiii  mi  the 

l)t»sinn. 

'I'k  linisli  tl'.e  description  of  this  excellelir  reliuitilis  ilisti 
lute.  \v  '  shall  say  one  word  more  on  the  ipialities  ictpiiriil 
ill  oitlei'  to  l)e  minilii'red  aiiioiiy  the  happy  children  tif  lla^ 
]iert)ic  Margaret  I'oiirut'ois.  These  (pialities  may  1  c  uiitli- 
eretl  fitiiil  her  atldress  tt»  the  Most  lilesseij  \'iiuill  :  •My 
-'■ood  ami  leinlcr  Mother."  salil  she.  "I  reoiiesi  neither 
wtnillh  iitir  hoiitirs.  nor  the  pleasures  ail'mtled  liy  worldlv 
fiieiitls.  lor  this  coaianinify.  I  l);'se:':'h  lli'e  lo  ol>taiii  for 
jiie.  that  (Jitd  may  he  faithfully  serveil  therein,  i'ermit  imt 
that  women  wlio  are  o!"  a  proud.  liiii)erious.  or  presiimpln;;Ms 
(lisjiosititMi  may  ever  lind  admittance,  nor  those  whose 
Hearts  are  eiiuatred  in  worldly  ]ileasiires,  whose  ian- 
piiau'e  is  either  slamlei'oiis  or  sarcastic,  and  who  do  not 
endeavor  tt>  study  and  reduce  to  practice  that  humility 
which  thy  adttrable  Son  has  tauuiit.  which  lie  lias  sca'e  I 
with  lli.s  ])recious  blood,  and  which  thou,  O  Mother  of  (Jc^i. 

'  Si'Oiilar  SI>Ur- of  llu' C'i/ii:.'rc:,-;i(ioii  i)f  our  L:itly. 


J 


I 

istnictiiiii.  Mini 

.   SiTnHi'lfH  (In 

iiii;  flu'  sidt'iim 

iidy,"  ciiiisiil 
oil'  miimIcI,  iir.il 

iis  init   iiii'i'fly 

iiKii't'  (listnnr 

\' ill  lie   tln-y 

■<;iiin'  liiiH'   lilt* 

;•  ul'  till'  _\  (illl  Il- 
ls ilixi   Scit'IH't'S 

ii.scriil  iitciiiiiir 

hiiii,  ((iiisistiim' 
•Ids  r(»iiiit'il  liy 
:is  of  litifii,  lo 
»ss  worn  (III  tii(^ 

ri'litiioiis  iiisli- 
tlilit's  ii'(|iiiiv(l 
[■liildivii  (iT  ilu> 
*  limy  1  (•  uatli- 
\'iiuiii:  •My 
■(Mjiii'st  ui'itlit'i' 
lc(l  hy  udildlv 
I'  Id  i»l>t;iiii  ['{)'.• 
II.  IN'iiiiit  iidf 
'  iiicsiimptii'/'is 
I"  tii(>s(?  wiiose 
■»,  wliosc  iiiii- 
d  who  do  not 
tliiil  limiiilily 
He  lias  sca'e  I 
Mother  ol'  (Jed. 


yoTiff:i!  M.wcMiF.r  nni'nunnis 


m^ 


h:iv..  i.n.li.vd  so  fiiihruIlN  :••  And  sh-  :uU\vi\:  -I.H  all 
who  seek  l<.  Ih"  almili'd  iiih.  lh.>  ( '..mumvumIKm.  1...  Iiiiidy 
,,.s,,h..d  loa'oaii.h.n  worldly  |.iiii<-iph's.  Lad  hal.ils  and  evil 
i,„.|i„:Hi..iis,  to  scpaiat.'  tli.-iiis.dvcs  IVoin  paiviils.  Iii.iids. 
i„  11  u..rd.  fiom  all  that  iiiiuht  uselessly  ...iua.u^.'  Ihcir 
,„l,.,iiion,  and  when  adii.iilcd  they  should  Ic..]  appichciisiv.., 
Uvst  ili'-y  miulit  l-n'V"  uiiraillil'nl  tn  <iod.  to  wlioiii  th-y 
hiivc  (•(.iiscciMtcd  llirmM.lv....  rcih-i  sul.mis.i..ii.  iMAcrty, 
.,nd  iiilcii.a-  ivcoll.riioii  shouhl  !).•  tiic  cliaiactcnstics  of 
fv.  TV  mciiili'i-or  tills  iiisiitiiti(»n." 

It'was  thus,  al...v..  all  thiii-s.  she  soii-lit  In  hd'  novices 
that  ivHiiloasiKTf.-ciion  of  which  she  h.rscll*  was  a  shin- 
in- ,-;imi)lc.  Talents  iiiil  iaielleci.  th.ui-h  of  sec.iidary 
rnnsideiailnu,  were  also  re.|nired  to  ridlill  Hie  duly  ol  a 
Sister  of  the  (',imiv-ati...i.  I'.ut  neither  wealth  iinr  lor- 
tune  ever  cut  Te  I  inin  her  calculations.      What  she  seemed 

m.sr    I.,   rear  w.m.  tint   aay  cad. .wed   wiih   the  n ssary 

.liialilicalions  should  l-e  refused  admittance  on  account  of 
in'ciiuiarv  circumstances.  _ 

Slie  used  to  say,  with  a  disinterested  enlhiisiasni :  'I 
would  willin-ly  embrace  and  admit  a  iK.vice  with  a  true  vo- 
cati(nK  even  if*  her  pecuniary  circumstances  were  at  tlit^ 
vory  lowe     el.h.""      It  was  Iroiii  this  luiiiciple  that,  she  en- 

trt'iitod  the  IlishoiMd"  i^w' not   to  incorpoi-ite  her  con- 

jrn-ation  with  any  other  reliuiniisor  cl(.ist(-red community, 

jid.Cicin--  as  reiison.  that  a  I'oriuae  l.einu'  n ssary  in  tlios(* 

asylums,  it  would  he  an  impediment  tc  i-ersoiisiior  in  easy 
circumstances  to  c.tasi'cr.i  te  iheinsclvcs  to  (ioil. 

i:p  to  this  timi'  the  Connre.iiation  de  Notre  Dame  liad  no 
lixed  rule.  The  niemhi'rs  ol)serv»;d  wimt  .Mother  UoiirLCeois 
prescribed  l)y  way  of  trial.  Slie  conversed  on  the  neces- 
sity of  a  riilo  witii  the  IVishoi)  of  (Quebec.  To  supply  this 
deficiency  she  came  to  the  determination  of  crossinir  fortlie 
third  titne  to  Franc(\  there  to  seek  and  brinij  back  the  es- 
sence of  that  admirable  Rule  ^nven  to  the  Sisters  at  a  later 
period  by  IVishoi*  St.  Aalier,  of  Quebec. 

Shortly  after  lier  arrival  in  :\rontreal,a  lire  consumed  her  en- 
tire convent  in  the  dead  of  night.    So  sudden  and  so  dread- 


J 


f 


i. 

t 


:.H(i 


Morilt'M  MMtHMlKT  noli:uHof.< 


fill  \v:is  t)ii>4  ('(Milliiirniiio!)  timt  twn  uf  tli<>  iiiiii>  |m>i islicil  in 
ill*' lliiMii's.  Til)- ili'iiilt  of  ih)'st>i\vii  iiii'stiiiiiiiiii'  iiiciii'M>rs 
iiimli' !i  ii'uNf  mi'liiiicliuly  ImiHVMsioii  un  iIh-  «4fn-.iii\f  Ihihi 
of  III"  li'ily  |''..iiiiilit"*H.  TIh'  Iu^s  III'  ilh>  ImlMiiiji.  iihlfftl, 
riitM|>:il«Ml  III  tlijx  lii'i'i'.-n  rtiii'tit,  st'i'iiii'il  uf  im  n  i|i>ii|i'|  iil  inn. 
1*111  w  illiMiii  ill-lay.  s|ic  lajil  tlii-  riiiiiiilalinii  uf  iiiinilni  ri'ii 
vi'Mi.  mmli  liiiLTi-r  iithl  iiKin-  ciiiiVfiiii-iii  than  iIm'  rniimi', 
aiiil  thai,  loo,  Nsiilt  till  iiiiii-i>  tiHsisiaiH'i'  than  tlii>  M'aniv 
nii-aii'-  riiiiii><li"il  liy  llii-  striri  rniiinnis    it!"  tin-  Sisfci  linuij. 

( I'lil.  w  liii  ilr'itilii'^  ill  iiH'itaNiiiLi  I  III'  iiii'i  its  III'  lli>  lu'lnvnl 
eh  ill  111 '11.  siKii'ii  nil's  p  'iinils  that  liiaK  ami  miMi'I  iii;L;s,shniilil 
|>nl  I  iK-ir  |i:ii  ii'iiri'  tu  till'  t.'si.  'I'lii'  Imiii- has  imu  sii  ink. 
wliiih  had  lifi-n  inaiki'il  by  tin'  l>i\ini'  Will,  in  whjih  uiir 
hi'niint''s  snscf|itilili'  In-ait  was  alM»  In  hr  t:iril  ami  foiiml 
wiii'ihy.  Inti'i'ini'  ('(iiillif'ls  of  fin'  ninsf  (|i>,(ii«ssiim'  nainir 
cailHi"!  hi'i' Id  fi'i'l  as  if  li.'ilin.l  had  mtiifly  ifjiTtid  In-r. 
'riic  sliuliti'st  faidl  was  nia'^nilii'd,  Shr  iv|iii(ncin'd  licrst'ir, 
that  si'llisli  I'^iitisin  was  llic  ni<»ti\i'  nl'  In-i'  cvi-ry  aitiuii. 
Sncli  I'li-aliti'iil  illiisiuiis  cast  Iiit  sad  mhiI  inlu  an  al>yss  of 
allliiiiiiii;  nut  sn  innili  I'l'iin  ihi-  a|iiiii'lii'nsiiin  nl' lirll.  and 
all  its  dii'.' (•iiiis":iiii'nn's.  as  tin'  si'iiaiatiun  rmni  ili;:!  d'l.d 
she  so  Icmlt'iiy  ami  lii'auliriilly  hivrd.  I'laxrr.  mIT  dfiiial, 
jii'i'l'i'i'i  snlnnissiiin.  sell' I'diiii'iniii.  ""  "''i'"  iii!'ir«'<'Miall\- cm- 
|)l(iyr(l  I'nr  ivlirl.  Tile  ihalin'  was  yrl  rran^lil  with  iiifii-r 
lU'Ss,  and  it  must  he  I'vliaiisti-d  to  a  ilmp.  This  tin. my  and 
(ivt'i'i'liiiidi'd  |iatli  sill'  tiud  fill'  tin-  spact'  uf  I'liiii'  M-avs.  ni 
the  t'Xpiratiiiii  111' wliii'h  Aliniulity  (uid  cxliiliitcd  His  nincy 
and  justice  and  lovf  hy  ri'stiuiiiLC  \)i-i\ci-  In  In-i'  tiuiilijrd  Inn 
daiintlt'ss  siiiil -a  pi'ut-t!  wliicli  shi'  had  su  Imii-'  s(iii»'ht  in 
vain. 

'rih'sc  iiainfiil  tcniiitatiiins  liavin.u'  \anisli<Ml.  Mnthi'i' Huni'- 
tri'dis  rcsiiiiird  th»'  suiit'iioiitv.  and  I'vi'ii  dfclim-d  taKiny; 
part  in  flit'  ffovHrnincnr  (u-  adniinlstrafion  of  tlic  ('(iiiv.'nt 
for  tin'  last  seven  years  of  In-r  life  Tiiis  time  .she  devoit'd 
exf'liisivt'ly  to  the  practice  of  interior  virtues  known  uniy 
to  lleaveu. 


IIIN     |lt'liN|l«'<l      III 

lill*ic  IIIcIIi'm'IS 
Mflisifivc    ln'111't, 

lililiii;:,  iihl I, 

<ii|i>.ii|c|;iliti|i. 

•  t'  illiiillu'l   riiii 

III    I  III'   I'lii  iiin-, 

;iii   iIk'    x'iiiity 

ln'    Sishl  IhmhI. 

of  ||i>  lii'liiM'il 

ll1iM'ill;Us.s||nl||il 
IS    linu   slllicU, 

.  ill  u  lii(  li  Dili' 
:i<'*i  :iiiil  foiiiiii 
ii'ssiim'   iiiiiiiif 

,     It'jci'Inl    licr. 

iiiiciii-ii  iii'i'M-ir, 

■  cvi'i'v  ;n'iii)ii. 
I<>  :iti  iilivss  <tr 

oil  t>{  lli'll.  ;illil 
ri'Dlll    lli;;l    (mhI 

riT.  M'lr  iiciiiiii. 

li'irt'i'iiiiilly  cm- 
lit  with  Ititicr 
liis  I  lidj  iiy  ;iii(l 

rnlir    \  fills.  Ml, 

it<'d  His  nii'icy 

■!■  Il'dllltjrd    lilll 

i<tii,ii'  .s()ii,i;lit   ill 

1.  -Motlicr  Hour- 

•  '•'iiiK'd  t;iKin^ 
111'  till'  cnliv.'lit 
iiic  slit'  devolt'ci 
.'s  know II  only 


CIlAl'TKU    V. 

Till   siN-ir  Hi    V  in:\i  m  i  '•  '  "  r.. 

n,     rhfnrs   of     M"flnr    n,»n;,r..;s      Ihr    Cln,,il!l     ^jins 

f.„  :;„n,ln,  rh!hh;n      Wolhs  |Sm  n,ihs  h,  >nnh  ,      Ihr 
'h„,nir,l,,    '  I'nn  rh,  nf  sinrll       Min.r>,h.„s  J,nu„:s-       I  /» 

Tl...   NilHl.'S..rMulll..li5Mr-.'nis   W.T..  nflll.'ll.n>t     h.'lnir 

,,,,,       IM    l.-.r  I'lmnirl.T  ll."«<'  ^v^-  n   Imin.oi.y     i.  loiilH  .'d 
l„,,;,iv  lliMt  .'xHt.'s   ni,,'  irmli.-st  Mdminiii-.n      II.t    I-ihI.t 

.,ir,','tiuM  r..r  in-.'  r,'ll,.u-.'iv;,ti.;v.  wMss hd    onl>    iw    I... 

hnn.ldl.'..   luv.'  of  (...I.      On..' ••'Msiul.    slir  iMi.rli.;-"!   u 

I,,.  ol'-n.iiMdnt  (),.!,  "for  til.' l.i.i'i...s,'nrn|.'iiiiiu:iM'li'- 
i„,!nl  riiv:  l.:it    .•■■rliiin   inti'ivsl.-l   ii.dividiiiiis  .,.n!.'st.'d 
,,,.  ,,nn'|,;;.,'.      M,.lln'rl'...iir.ivuis.  nitl.-r  timii  runt...     ir- 
s,  .,„.d  |„'r  l..-al  fidiH.  stiitii.  ■■  lint   ^li"  "<'i  ""'.v  '"^':'  '"■' 
,„"iu.hl,ni'.  I.m  .■v.'ii  vvi^h.'.l  t..  iiivs.'rv.'  li.T  ii.'i^lil.nr  HI  it"- 
l.,v..   wl.i.'li  //'■   o/n//.  /rr.     AM.|.ly    u;is   sl...    r.'i.ai.l     ". 
,„is   CliiistiMn  disiiit.'i.'st.Mln.'ss.     As  sli.'  vM.s  l.iivinu-    iK- 
Chmvli.  ill  wlii.'h  sill'  liiid  ('oiili,l.'.l  Mild  ..IV-ivd  to  AlniinliiN 
(iod  111.'  s.H'i'ili.-.-  ..!•  li.T  hopes  and  disni-iM.iiitni.'Uts.  iiii  mi 
Uiiovvii  person  ni-i.ioM.'li.'d,  nnd  liaii.l.-d  Iwr  a  smu  .'.piai  lo 
th:it  n'.piii'.'d  ol  li.Tliy  tl.os.'  i:iijiisl  aii.l  .'xa.'tiii-  ni.ii. 

Hrf  disposal  ..!•  th-lu'd   i.i'.'s.'iit.'d  I..   li.ilM'l..r.-  lu-v  <}•' 
pu'tur.'    In.m   Fninc'  Ly   Mr.   d-  hi    H.•ssoni.^lv.    is  M'Ht.' 
rhani.'l.Mistic.     The  liist  winfr  sli..  pass..!  in  CaMa.la  was 
,„.,hai.s  the  most  n..ornus.     Diirimr  that  rei.liiHy  rold  sea- 

snn   a  p..oi'  soldi.T  eame  to  eomplain  to  tli niimm  Mother 

of  'dl  the  distressed  then  in  Montreal,  that  he  was  penslun,-,' 
loi- want  of  a  niattr.>ss  whereon  to  rei.ose  his  wary  limbs. 
Dear   Mar-'uret  Bourgeois'  tender  heart  was  tonclied ;  but 


AHH 


Mnllir.U  M.MiUMiKT  llonUl /.o/S. 


wliill  li'lii'T  r-uiiM  >lii' iliruid  ;  She  uivf  liiiii  lnT  uwii  Ih'iI. 
llii'oniv  III)*'  m|ii>  hinl.  Slmiily  til'tiT,  ii  niiii|iiiiiii>ii  tif  iln* 
illiriirtitimt)- -^iililiiT.  Iiiiviii;x  l*'itrti*'il  tli*'  mikti'mm  of  IiIh  fi'l- 

loWill   IIIIIIH,    ClIIIM'   III   IIUlKf  II    llfW   llnil't    oil    lllf    ptotl  Si»f»'l*r4 

rliiiriiy.     Sli.'  uMvc   liiiii  flic  liliiiikfis.     .Vo  ii|i|ili)'Mtiiiii,  If 

;i;i;i ':r.-<.  wii-*  in  I'li-  Tor  llii>  iiillow.     'I'hii-.  >h.'  ifilu I   ln'l' 

self  I' I  ili>'  t'Mn'inity  ol'  |i:i>siii;i'  lu'iii  ly  I  In-  w  Imlc  df  a  liunr- 
nils  ('aiiiidiaii  wiiili'joii  tin-  liaif  ^iihiikI;  midI  lnr  miIVciIukh 
Tiiii-t  lia\i'  Im'i'ii  Iii'VoikI  ilc>('ii|iti<iii. 

KiiowiMn' \\<'ll  till' inmii'iisc  pMUiT  that  wninaii  uii'Ms  jii 
lliis  noil-I.  Motln-r  IlitiirucniH  cuiiMidcMMl  if  '.f  ilic  iiiui<t-t 
iin[iortain'i'  to  |ii'oinitt<'  sniid  \>U<ty  miiioiiu;  !h  r  ^t'\.  Fitr 
iiianit'il  aii'l  iinin:iiii<'il  ri'iiiMlt'ssIii'iii-^iiiiifi'ilasscmMifs,  to 
wliirli  st'i'iiioii^ an  I  i'.\lioi'i.iiiii!iH  wfic  aililii'ssnl.  ai'i'oiilinu' 
fi>  flit'ii'  rcsjMTtiv.'  siaiioiiH.  I'nr  a  Fiiiic  tlu'sc  ini'»'tiii,us 
M'('ni«'«l  to  pi'odin'i'  sliulit  icsiilfs  ;  mid  it  was  ilioiiulit  ndvis- 
alilc  to  disi'ontinui'  iIk'Iii,  Miit  flw  would  not  licai'  <>(  If. 
'•  Slimiid  no  ,ui'i>alt'i';,oo  I."  shr  rrinarki'd,  "  lu'dcrhi  d  rroiii 
tlii'lu  ;ha:i  Ihiit  oin' sin  mIioiiM  tlicifliy  bi'  |Hvv«'Ii  t'd.  she 
woiilil  dt't'iii  Ini-^i'ir  tunply  H'\\ard'-d  for  tin'  tit)tiiiIo  ilii>\ 
juavt'."      ICvfii  jiisr  hcl'ori' Ih'I' dratli,  tliis  ^ailltly  Wuiiian  i  n- 

•       ! 1        ...     I,     ...  ^>:'..   l.,|.|..  ,.  ..I      11. ,•'..■.     t..     ..,.ii.,>ll»       tll<l»      llw.wo.i^. 


woiilu  dt't'iii  iHi-^i'll    tuiiply  H'\\ard'-d   lor   tin'   tit)tililo  ilii>\ 

juavt'."      ICvfii  jiisr  hcl'ori' Ih'I' dratli,  tliis  ^ailltly  Wuiiian  i  n- 

joined  oil  ilt■^Si^tl'l•llo(ld  iic\ rr  to  (■iin'-<'iit  that  lho-''a>sciii- 

Mic.M  sIkhiIiI  In- aliolishnl.      Ili-r  iniiMiticnis  wd'c  pmicliially 

I'nllillfcl.     To  tills  day  tliry  aiv  tlio  olij.'<|  of  ili,'  /.-al  of  ilic 

Sistt'i's  of  the  ('on,!a,i't»,uiHi«t!i.     Sho  aho  t'litrt'alcd   litT  ivji^- 
!   ..     .        •.       .!..!<!...! ,,...' 1...  , .,.i.,.!.,..o    ..I..I  ;... 


It    llfl'   own  lit'il, 

iii|iiiiiiiiii  of  till' 

M'l'HH     III'     Ills     I'll 

III'    U't""l  Si^lt'l's 

>  ii|i|ili)':iliii|i,    ir 

!l.'  |f(llli'i'<l    llt'T 

vlmlr  u['  :i  riuitr- 
1 1  Iht  MilVi'iinus 

uiiiiiti  ui<'Ms  ill 

f    '«f    lllC     lllllKt-t 

;•  lii'i'  N'X.  Fol* 
'i|  MS'icmliUf's,  tn 

'«*'<r(l.  nfi'i'iiliiiy; 

tlii'Hc    mi'»'tiii,nM 

■<  liiiMmlit  juivis- 

iKit  lifiir  <i(  if. 

'  licilf'slvi  ll  I'liilll 
'   |HVV«*I1  imI.   >lt«' 

lit'  noiiltlc  ilipy 
iiiily  wuiiiiui  I  II- 
lint  llin-'' n>s('iii 

Wrl'c  IHlUClllillly 
r  the  7A'ii\  <>l*  IIk' 
cuti'd  licl*  I't'li^'- 
rlioiai"^.  find  iiii 
mciiiltt'i's  .»(■  llfl' 
II  <lilTtM'('i<l  jiiirlN 
■y  clii'dn'U. 

tli(.'  Bisliop  of 

111'  siil)j('('l    (if  n 

l)i.sc(iji;il  city  fur 

tcly  h]u\  s»'1  oiif 

r   IniiKlrcd   Mild 

/t/i  J'oo/,  ill    tilt' 

voyanc  Wiis  I  lie 

so  I"  IToly  Wci'k 

and  furiiisiiin;,^ 


MoTUI.li  1/ 1/,-'.  M /.•/■/■  nolliiiUnlH. 


m) 


Ml.,  n.'vv  tiMiH..  ;  nnd  pitH.-d  wlml..  ni'JiiH  i.i..>inii.'  I..fui,. 
il,,.  IU.--..'d  >u.ii.iM.i.t.  i,iitviiiuf..rilH--iH'n..H«»r  l.'l  !.lU 
Moii.  T..  Ii.'i-  iill  lid.nl'  wiiH  luxiin.  and  siiir-iliiK  a  l.l."»-'lti« 
in  iIIhuuIm'.  i-rovldtd  :*li.'  ^ailM.I  m»iiIm  |u<;.h|. 

In  ii.'i  liiiiiiilliv  rli"."  VMH  also  Huia-ililiiu^  li'i-i''  nnd 
iM.mril'til.  ^^If  -dtrii  •'uld  di"  iM'li.'vd  ^Im-  Imd  ii-t  ili" 
,^,,;.,,  Int.'ll-.'t.  and  .I'Mtvd  to  1...  rui«ntt.'ii  and  d.'si.i>.'d. 
Vri  lirrloitv  and  s.'H-iltiv.'tmlui.'iMl  liiiiiiilli.ii"ii^  Ix.'.'ids 
••I  r,.aii..M  i.un.ili!itiniis,"sh.'  ^v.,iild  mi>.'- and  u  li.  n  ili"  Al 
iiil..l,lv  iM'i'mit-.  iIk.i  1  am.s..  lavuivd.  I  Iv."  nly  fr.l  tlimi.  I 
r.';ir  l'  ni:iy  v.'t  I'.ill  Int.*  sum.' HwrlnnH  laiili  >.  In  uivlii^' 
,1„.  Ii.-d.it  "i<"»  Ikt  n.tvic.'H.  kIm<  was  wont  t  .  ivp-'iti  :  "  My 
,|.M»' Sl.t.T.  I luayslmiiild.'and  lliil.' ii' >..iir..un -y-s 

Tli.'»o\ror  |>i»v.'iiv  was  anolla'i'  virtu.'  lliat   nd..in..d  llif 
,,),,,,,j,.,,.|'  of    thi.   liol.l..   woman.     Sli.'   was    most    raivfiil 

tliat  III.'  SiKt.MS  h!i  Mild  I.'  tialn"d  to  Hi-  pin«'ii Hih 

viitn.'      '-Til.'  I'd.'vs.'d  Vimin.-   hIip  wiifN   -vho...  rlnl- 
.livn  w.-  aiv.  fii.laarrd   tli.-  ni-Mt    li-oiuiis    povnty.     Onr 
|,nid  .'hos..  a  sh.hl.  roi-  his  |,:ila.'.'.  a  niaiip'i'  I'.r  a  rradi.'.  a 
lilij..  straw  I'-.f  u  hnl  nf  slafr.     In  al'h'i'  y.-ars  I  ••  l.:.d  no 
wlu'ivon  In  ivpos*.  IliH  adoial.l.-  A""/.'  nnd  in  tin-  pmnl.. 
n>.'onv  oi-  doa'.li,  a   .to..  waM  ///v  '///'/','/  /"V';"'';      ^l';^;'*' 
,,,,.111..  onnrinspiiit.  say.oiii'l.ad  in  ..n.'  ..1  I. h  tint  ,n- 
stni.'tions.     It    will    av.il    nanulit    m   l'-   .•xt..n...ly    poor 
Th,.  |,..a.t  must  iH.d.'ta.'li.-d  fn.m  tl..'  lilH.'  poss,.ss,.d,  an.l 
,.v..n   I'nau  fli..  .L'siiv  <.f  a.'-iniiin-.  and  In-  satisli.'d   with 
what  th.'  .'nmniunitv  air..nls,  .'vm  in  si.'Un.ss.  nn l.'ss  n.-- 
rpssitv  ivaaiivs  tli,.  .-nntrai'y.     In  H'"  tnissions.     sh.-  con- 
,!,„„..;  -theSist.n-H  shouM  liv.-  in  tlu'  sini.'  stiit-  ..I    pnv- 
,.,'ty.  seokin-   not    tli.ir   uwu  n.n.f.at.  :a,t    lh.>   ;i'n...l   an.l 
liMppin.'ns  of  tli.'ir  n.'i,nld).>i."  _ 

nl.w  sivat.  s...v..r  was  th.'  p-.v.'ity  sin-  m.  w.srly  luv- 
«,'iil,L.d  t<.  In-r  Sisters,  tin-  appirli.'nsi:>n  ..  tli.'ir  siidrnnu' 
from  want  nevr  ^mvo  hor  tln>  h'ast  .•oiu'.rn.  l..'....'  i;"'-";"  "; 
that  -/A-wln.  pr..vid.'s  for  th.'  I.ir.ls  of  th..  air  will  n..t  hid 
to  provi.l..  for  th.'m:  \hv  unlin.ii.'.l  r.  ..li-h-n.'.-  in  Dniiio 
l>r.;vi.U.n<'.Avas  fr...p..M.tly  n'war.h'd  ]>y  .■xtn...r.l.nary  sn.'^ 
cor  in  the  moment  of  lard.     During  a  faniin.',  tin-  M^tor 


ntKi 


Mnrimn  mmhimiki  nnvuunoiH 


rlitiru'«'<l  witli  III"'  liiiUi'ry  smv  Ikt  |Hirf|i>ri  f^t  \\n\\v  irilufcil  in 
Miit'li  ti  |M>irit  iiiiir  'Im>  iltTtncti  ii  ii>«'i<"»-^  to  ImiUi'  Im-  th«' 
(V)inriiiitiity.  Motlnf  Miiiiiui'i'Im.  linut'Vrr,  lolil  Iit>i'  tii»|  to 
«l 'fj'i'.  TIk'  Mlt.-i|»'Mf  SUh'i-  liiiriiiMlliiifly  <*i'iii|»llft|,  utid 
fnittitl  thf  Itniii-  tiiiilti|)l\  iiiu'  ill  Ihi  liiitnh,  mill   rliiil  ro  >-it<  li 

II    l|>'U|i'i>     tll.'ll     xId'     IiihI     IIS    tllllliy     |<i;|\fn    i|M    llvi'     lilllfM     |  liU 

itii;intlry  of  lloin uM  have  innitiintl ; 

Oil  lllliiflii'r  nccil^lull  till'  ('oilitlintiliv  WHS  sd  inluriMl,  tllllf 
Ttof  (•\iii  !i  tntiiitlirnl  of  lup.id  r  mill  l)t>  tilfoitlcil  for  sii|i|i»'r. 
'I'lu'  liuiiiliU'  MoiJit-r  lloiiip'ois,  uliuM'  ili-iif  WHS  lo  <|o  uood 
In  HMcii'f,  w»nt  for  flif  nuiih'  iiim  who  IiehI  thiiiui'  of  iln' 
luiUi'iy,  IIIdI  iol'l  hi'l'  lo  ;;o  to  llic  rlitijHJ  mill  lii.M'  ti,,, 
Most  MIcssimI  \  iPiiii  to  si||i|i|y  till-  (|i  llt'i.Micy,  No  iHuoiirl- 
was  thf  priiyi'i' olVt'iiMl  ihmi  tin*  liivnil  tlr^hfil  was  sfiii  lo 
thn  CoiiVfiit.  Thin  flt-ar  iiihI  imly  Moihcr  hmmI  to  ^,t  wjicit' 
flic  wht'jif  was  <|i'|»osit»'i|.  iiiHJ  tlu'if  iiM  it"  ilif  Loiil's  piavi'i'; 
iuhI  Ih'  who  Is  I'vt'i-  aft<'iitiv»'  to  the  f*ii|'|iliialioiis  of  ||is 
hcjovt'il  chihlri'ii  niiiM-il  the  iinaiitlty  of  the  litili>  simi.  \W\ 
Itly  to  liifK-aHt'.  Soiiif  'tf  tin-  Si«,icis  win-  so  sinirk  wiili 
this  cMiMoiiiinaiy  aiiu'iiH'iitiitioii  that  ihfy  h»';.niii  to  iiifas 
lilt'  thf  wheat.  Imt  Mother  Moiirp'ois.  luin;;  inronned  of  if, 
put    a    stop    to   their    Imiilnlije  niriosiiy.  inldin;:.    ••iliat    it 

Wollhl  lie  tile  railse  of  a  pri\alioll,  a  cexsatiun  of  tlie  lielielil.s 

of  our  Ijeavejijy  Father." 

pecuniary  ('Irciunstaiice)^  nr)t  ireniiittiii;;  the  Si.ster  TreaM- 

lll'er.  ill  Hl'.M).  to  puiehase  even  a  ////v//</of  wlieat,  .so  ;,Meat 
was  the  e\p  Use  rotiipaieil  witll  llielueaUsof  tlie  Comuiu- 
nity.   Ueveillieless,    sulllcieiit  Hour    was    FoUIkI  forllie  wlioltj 

Coiiimuuity  I'or  the  space  of  four  iiioiiIIim.  This  the  Treasi- 
lller  very  jU<li("ious|y  atllil»Uteil  t»»  the  players  of  Mt»lhel• 
HoUl•l:eois.  who  never  failtd  to  visit  tlie  little  wheat  that 
reniaineil,  from  time  to  lime,  olfeiiui,'  upher  lervi-nt  piavers 
for  its  increase,  A  person  lii^dily  cieditahle  wlit>  lived  m 
the  Convent  al.s<»  relates  that  wine  had  heconie  so  >carce 
that  it  could  nut  l)e  hnd  in  Montreal.  'I'he  Sisters  of  tlie 
(;ormre;,^ation  siipjilied  the  sic!v  of  ♦he  city,  as  well  as  fh<. 
ipiaiitity  necessary  for  (he  Masses  said  at  the  parish 
(•hurch.     What    is   here  jKirticiilarly  reniarUabh}  is,  when 


Dili-  h'llllri-il  HI 

i)lit  iii'i'  not  ii» 

l'i'lll|ili«'ll,  tint 
i|  tlllll  to  ^Iti  ll 
llVit     (illlt'M     lilt* 

»  I'lMliiri'il,  tlillt 

It'll  fi»i'  NU|t|i»'r. 

HilN  fu  <|(i  yniid 

fliiilyt'   of    the 

!lll*i    hi'/X    tht> 

y.     N<»  Nuoru'i* 

t'll  U!IH  SI'lll  to 
'i|  |o  ;;o  wllt'li' 
liOiil'^t  |i||iy«'|'; 
I'iiHoiiM  of  IliH 
ililf  slur..  \  W. 
to  sinirU  Willi 
•Vim  fu  iiifjis- 
iironiMMl  of  if, 
liii;r.   •■lliiif    il 

of  tilt'  liclit'lllH 

f»  S|j»t«'r  Tifas- 
liijit,  ,s»(  ^ivat 
I'  ilif  ('oriimii- 

ft)!'  lilt-   W  llolo 

'liis  III..  'I'lcas- 
•fis  of  MoihiT 
(If  wli.-aJ  that 
't'l'Nt'iit  inayt'iM 
'  who  livt'd  III 
'oini'  NO  M'arco 
Sisfi'is  (if  tlu4 
as  wt'll  as  tilt' 
it  the  paiisli 
Itablo  IS,  wlitm 


MoWKn  \t.\ftn.\nKr  irnvHuKoin, 


m 


fh..  .hlim  nrilv.Ml  f.fiM  Fi»nr..  «ltl.  nliis  lli.'  I«in-»  wlil.h 
h  t.l  H.>  rh'..|v  «ii|.pllf<i  ili»'  ll'l«»'»i"  f'fH-'l  •"  •«"**• 
TlM.miiiMMM.|.oM  a.M.,1.  II...I   III.'  ^^l-*'-'^  V'.i-^  "l»'"'  "" 

,h..  .Mint   or  .•hl.-iiiw  lit"  .lliiiiitf  I I"'"'  aiin..i.  «l>.'n 

Moll'...  P0...W.-IH  >va.  I..M  II  ^a-^  .iv.|.m-4  I..  .....in M-  Imi" 

.la.ijrl.tfi'^  ruiilM'  rnmul  ..'Itii".!  ;  iMN.itlwIr-s  ^1...  I....I    1. 

I».||  .  ui.u  fui-  iIm-  .'xaiMiii.«ii"i>  t.r  .•oi.Mlt.i.rf.  an.l  |.i..f L  - 

a>t.,.,f...i.a.v  .0  tl.f  ..•rf.i...y;  v  !..■..  W.  a  j..-.-...  .•..h.ml 
,,;,„  all  thai  h  .t.p.hv.l  I-  .llnuf.;.  !•  «'*'>'"-'"»i»"'i:';;;'y 
K,„l,..,  ,.,,|i,..M  il...un,a  of  UN  l.lv.ii..  Hoi,:  •^.•..^  list 
,1,..  Kh.sx.lom  or  U.mI  ut.tl  UN  jUMiln..  .in.l  ..H  tli.  ..■  tliln^H 
hhall  If  atltl.'tl  unio  \oi.." 

Mm  lac  r.oi..  i.n.siia.h.u  on  ll...  .■Mmt.nliiiaiy  a-iM.nn. 
,,!■  i»,..vi.lfi.f.>.  Moth.-r  n.MH'sf..oW  nir«  ly  iv.,.i..h|.m|  lo  ... 
,„i,,„..,|o,.s|v  I'avo,..,!.     S...I,  uas  tl...  a...t.iii >  .1  li-''  H  ••. 

dial    in.l I  v.MV.  vt.ry  litil..  was   ..■.!. .'r.tl   U>v  lit.-  Mil.tls- 

,,.,„...;  a..a.'v..nll.ut  litih-  w..-s,.as:,:...l  >\ltl.  n.iMu.vs  In- 
p.,u..Mslv  u.lhM|mf.l  to  ivi.tl...'  il  i.npalalal.l.'.  «»h.-  ••..•al. 
uitU  a  littl.'  ►*.»!ii.  ill  III"  .'Vfiiiim-.  was  Imt  tlMity  .lifi.  H'-i' 
|...sili..iH..'llli"r  sitting  oi-  Maiitlinu.  >li.'  ivi..l.if<l  I'l.inl'il. 
till. .null  II  siiiiil  of  inoiiilifalion. 

S.MM.i.ii.l.'tflv  lia.l  >li"  .l.>lrov...l  III.'  s....^-   ol'  la-.i"     'V 

.„.  nniiiifnnptt.J  •ipplifaiinn   t..  i.'i.'l.  r    t I  ais.f;iv..ahlf, 

thai  sht'tuiihl  paitaUf  of  il.r  L.-si   ami   llh"  wi"!.  willi'":f 

,,i,h..i'  p|..asnif  ...•  tli-un^i.  H"'''  >"''l  ^^"^  "''  ^""'^  "'"^  ''"'' 
pillows..!'  \vu...l.  In  h..r  rf.Hin.'Ui  v.-yau-s.  tin-  .Jii.l.'s  oi- 
r.,l,..s  Ufiv  thf  Im..I  .».  ul.h'l.  sl.f  i.iM.-.f.l.  aivl  \W.^  paii.li.l 
,v|M.M.  was  slant  an.l  i.'milaily  ii.lt'iini.t.  .1  iw..  Ii.aiis  ..v.■l•y 
niu•l.t  to  t.lVfr  litT  pniv  an.l  h..lyni.-litatioiis  to(Jo.l.  Th." 
s..\.>iity  t.r  tli.*in..sr  li-ion.ns  s..as..n  sli.'  iifscr  alL-vial.-il '-y 
■.,ppr.,afhi..,!xa  li.v.  Ami  to  all  this  .....hi  Im- atltl.-l  .lilV.r- 
v\\\  kin.ls  of  anstcritit's  iit.t  t-asily  (l.'sfiilii'tl. 

Th"  last  act  of  MotlnT  H  .niirfois  'vas  in.l.  .■.!  n  ilmnii 
l..n„inali..n  t.>  tin-  h.-roif  an.l  hfamifnl  lil'f  whit),  nt.w 
.Uvw  to  its  clt.st'.  On  thf  last  niirlit  t.r  tin-  ynu-  1<«">,  M^- 
t.T  Sr.  An^.-I  f.'ll  tliinp.rously  ill.  A  sntltlfti  alai-ia  was 
Bpmnl  tl.roii-h  thf  fonvfiit.  Hnt,  lioly  iin.l  uvnilf  Sistfi-s, 
(U'spair  not   .>f   tlif   Hf.'   *'«"    y<">''  '^'''""  ''•"<«l'">""»  •     ^"^^ 


I 


il 

ii 


fl02 


MOTiiKii  MMmMtirr  ihkuiihois. 


whose  life  was  (iiic  contimu'd  acf  of  rliaiily  sliall  slioiflv 
»'ii(l  it  l>y  a  siijjicmc  act  of  that  siiljlinic  viitiif.  No  sdoiH'i' 
was  till' vciKMiiltlr  l-'oiiiidit'ss  iiiloriiH'd  oi'  |]i(>  critical  cdii 
ditidii  of  Sister  St.  AducI,  tiiaii  slii'  exclaimed,  witli  all  tiie 
ardor  of  lier  jiioiis  and  lol'ty  soul:  "()  My  IJodI  Avliy  wilr 
liioii  not  accc].!  the  sacrifice  el"  my  lilV.  ralliei'  than  dt  - 
j)ri\e  the  ('  )iii:ii;iiiity  of  thit  d".ir  and  .xcejleut  child  {" 

The  words  weiv  scarcely  uttered  when  the  daii,i:ci'oiis 
symptoms  of  the  sick  Sistei'  di>a|»i)eared  ;  and  Mntlicr 
iioMi'u'eoIs  was  seized  with  a,  mortal  disease  which  sliel;nre 
I'or  the  space  of  twelve  days  with  that  urand  spiiil  (ifseir. 
deiual.  resiniiatioii.  and  Messed  joy  which  e\ cr  chaiacteri/ed 
hei'  in  her  suH'eiiiius.  The  Saciaments  of  the  Chin'ch  con- 
soled  her  last  moments.  She  licathcd  her  jiiire  sotd  into 
the  luiiids  (if  (Jod.  and  calmly  dei>arted  this  life,  cheeieil  by 
the  bi'iuht  hope  ol'  those  who  having'  insd'ucted  many  unto 
justice  shall  shine  as  the  stars  of  heaven  forever  and  foicver 
And  thus  passed  away  amid  the  scene  of  Iter  toils  and  snf- 
ferin.Lis  the  famous  and  sairdly  I-'oundress  of  the  ('on;:re,:;a- 
lioii  (U'  Notre  Dame,  in  tiie  eiuhlieth  year  of  her  a.ii'e,  on 
the  l::^fh  of  .lanuary.  ITno.' 

"'Tis  |ili';i-i:iiit  ill  llic  'swy  LnTi'llwiKiil— ^11  all  the  iMicIs  sill"-  — 
To  lircillic  (lie  very  lirciili  <it'  llowfi's.  iiiiil  lii:ir  llic  s\vt<l  liinls  siuj;; 
"VU  |ili'ii~;mt  lo  sliiil  out  llii'  wdilil— ImIiIikI  llicir  (Uitiiiii  .urcen, 
Ami  li\('  luiil  i:ni;;li.  or  iiuisc  iiml  pr.iy.  fniLiiiiicii  mid  uii-ccii; 

IJlIt  llirll  or  .'ill'^ils  .-.  ■l.liPiii  >MW  ;i  siulil   Id   IIr:iV('ll  lIKirc.llciir, 

Tliiiii  Si>li  r  M;u::;ir(t  iinil  Ik  r  llm  i<,  ujkui  our  liillsjilc  W\x\' 

"  Fi-diii  morn  lill  eve,  :i  lium  iiro-<i',  above  llic  niiiiili'  Irrcs, 
A  liiim  of  liiinnniiy  uiid  praise  t'lom  Si>l(r  .Mar.L'arcl'.s  Iii'os; 


1  -  III  MarLMii'i-ili'  Hi)'ir.'cni-i,"  writes  PiiiUiiiMii.  ••  \v:i- ri'iilizcii  tlmf  fair  idi'al  of  Cliiisiian  wciin- 
niiliiioil.  n  llijWiT  of  ciiilli.  cxiPiiiulinj;  in  llic  rays  of  Heaven,  wliiili  Mmllii'd  willi -eiille  liillii- 
>.'Wi'  llic  V. ililei-ne>s  of  ii  liailiaioiis  a^'e." 

Tlie  wiirliiy-iiiiiliial  (iaiiL'lileis  of  Hie  veiieralile  Mnllier  Ronrireiiis.  Ilie  Sislei'-'  of  llie  CiiliL're- 
fatioii  iVe  Nolle  U.iiiie.  iiiimlier  nearly  --eveii  iiiiiiilifil.  Tlieir  |)ii|iil«  may  !»•  >el  (ii)\vii  a«  over 
Ki.iUHl.  'I'liese  rellL'ioiis  l.ailies  <'oii>liliile  Hie  L'real  female  Kiliiealional  (l;(ler  of  Canada- am), 
their  iiiUllelieeliii-'  ln^eii  widely  felt  I'Veli  in  Hie  I'liili'd  Stall-.  wIk'IV  Hii'y  eoiidiiet  !-e\eral  e-lali- 
lislimenls.  Heside-'.  iiiaiiv  Aiiieriean  yoiiiii;  ladii's  alleiiil  Hair  liDanliiiL'-iliool-.  esiieeially  llio 
famoas  Villa  Maiii,  at  Maalival.  wliieli  i-  Hie  iirliieipal  Aeiidi'iiiy  of  Hie('oiii;i<':;alioii.— "//isVwj/ 

llfllll    ri/'^lllir  Clmirl,    ill   (hi-  I'niltit  Sliljix."   Y.   \>\. 

Sii  re  Hie  foieL'o'.iii:  "eiil  to  |ire.-s,  Motlier  lioiir^'eois  was  declared  Viinmbk. 
''  Moaiit  Koval.  a;  Monlreal. 


s. 

y  sli;ill  sli()ifl\- 
lilt'.  No  NddJU'l' 
lie  ri'iticiil  ('(III. 
I'd,  witli  :ill  till' 
'mo(1  I  Avliy  will 
iitlicr  tliiiii  (Ic- 
llf'lit  (liilil  '." 
tlic  (l;ii:,i:('roii.s 
:    mid    Mdilicr 

w  llicli  >lli'  1  ni(' 

;1  spiril  d'  >c\i'- 
:'i'cli:ii!»ctt'ii/('(l 
10  ('lim(  li  cull 

imic  sold  into 
lil'c,  clict'lnl  I>y 
'tfd  niiiiiy  unto 
kcriiiid  I'oicvcr 
r  h-ils  mid  siif- 

tli<^  Coii^rcgii- 
of  licr  u.u'c,  oil 


sin'j-— 

swcri  lurds  sing; 

rliiiii  .urci'ii, 

1  iiM-ccii; 

'ic.ilciir. 

Ic  Iktc- 

ri'('>', 
'.s  I)('OS; 

■  lili'.il  nf  f'lirisiiiiii  wmn- 
iiitlii'd  with  L'i'iillc  iiillii- 

IC  Si>l('i'»  of  tlic  t'liUL'ri'- 
iiiiy  Ih'  -r{  down  .'i«  over 
il  (>;ili  r  of  (':iiiii(l;i~  :in(). 
■y  (■iiiiilnct  ('I'vcivil  r^l.ili- 
iL'-~i'lii>('l-.  r^iicchillv  llio 

Viimnbk. 


\ 


MOT/lhli  MMlHAlih'T  IIOiliUKOlS.  5<J:J 

K'^'vptiiiu  Iric  iiii'l  -inccli  iiiiciMitli  'jiri'Nv  r.iii'  1111(1  svvi'il,  wlnn  won 
'!'■>  sill,'  till'  siiti','  nf  M;iiy.  anil  li>  scivc  licr  Savidiii'  Smi  ' 
'I'lic  ciiiniir  Irilicil  oil  Ills  piitli,  llii  M'liliy  mi  IiIh  nnuiil, 
Aii'l  li.in'lu  ail  liliv^-cil  tlic  lidly  mm  wlio  uuuli-  it  linly  umiiiiil. 

"  'rinrc  caiiic  a  iliiy  of  iciiiiir^i.  wImtc  nil  \vm>-  pi  iicc  liifi  rt.— 
'I'lic  lluiiiii  WMi'ciy  laiiir  ilisiiiay  on   lldiliclaLMs  .slinn — 
'riicii  ill  llial  ilay  all  nun  oHifoMil,  willi  all  iiian'.s  ImniMctl  pride, 
How  liiavi'  a  licail.  in  (iod's  good  liine,  a  convtiil  t^i'V^r  may  liidi'. 
'I'lic  saviiLTc  Iriiiinpli'd  o'er  the  Saint---ii  liuir  in  llic  fold- 
Hut  ilic  iiioiinlain  mi->i(ni  .slaiids  ic-day  !  Ilic  Unvon's  tali'  i-  loM  ' 

■:*  »  *  *  ■>:■  *  »  ■■<■  «• 

"  I)  ar  M  iilra-  of  o'lr  nriiint  lin  lioinc  '  IovimI  foimdri--  of  (air  scliool — 
I'lay  for  lliy  children  lliat  llicy  keep  thy  e\eiy  .siciol  luic, 
llc-cich  thy  .ulorioiis  Patron— Our  Lady  full  of  jiiaec  - 
T.I  uuil  '  ail  I  va  ird  I'ly  Si-lerlioml  —and  Inu'  who  llll-  ihy  ;ilai'(>, 
Thv  ollnr  >e|f —to  whom  \vc  know  all  ulad  olieiilencc  i;iveii 
As  ren  hied  lo  thyself,  will  he  repaid  ten  told  in  lliaven  ! 

"  For  till' '.  my  country  '.  many  are  the  l:!""  •o"'  i^'Ve-.  to  ihce, 
And  uloiioii,  is  thine  aspect,   from  'iiii-''t  to  the  -ea. 
And  many  a  cross  is  in  thy  iniilsl,  and  iii.iiiy  mi  altar  fair. 
And  many  a  i)lace  where  men  may  lay  the  liiirdeii  that  they  hiar, 
Ah  :  may  it  lie  thy  crowning  .gift,  the  last  as  (was  the  liisi. 
To  .sec  thv  childiea  at  the  luito  of  .Margaret  bourgeois  nursed  I"  ' 


'  Written  liy  Ilic  llciii.  T.  U.  McGcc,  at  Mi)iitri.al,  in  dclobcr,  1W5, 


.  n\ 


; 


\\ 


LOllS  JOSI'PII  Di:  MO.MTAI.M, 

Tin;  LAST  ( iiM.M.\M)i:iMN  I  iiir.i'  i>v  'I'm;  iiii;m  ii  I'dUt  :;s  in  canvha.' 


A  1  i:i;\<  !i  iMin.<is()i'iii;ii  t»\  i'iianch  i\  aam.kk  v. 

7V/ r/V^// /■///,  //o /////.  ( f/i/ri'/i"//,  ami  I  iirl It  rd/'i  I  r    i>J'  Mmti 
iuiliii  ~-T/if  (Ircii-l/ii!  clidri/c  til  (In-  i>t(s\-i  ,,/  Kn'/fi  s  -  .\. 
illiDicc  (il  (III'  M('i>—^f<'(<    of  (ijl'dir-s  ill   C(i/t(((/(i  (if  tlir 
liiiir  iif  Moiili'dliii'  .s  (tri!ral. 

TlicFicncIi  i)liil()sn[)li('r  nnd  ixtct  Clintcaubriiind,  iif  llit» 
dose  of  t!i((  (■Inqiiciif  niiiTativc  of  liis  ••Travt'ls  in  North 
Aiiu'ri<'a,"  gives  cxpn'ssioii  to  the  painful  feelings  tlitit-'iimg 
to  him,  when  forced  to  dwt^ll  on  the  names  of  Canada  ami 
]jonisiana,  and  when  the  old  maps  displayed  to  him  the  ex- 
tent of  tile  ancient  Ficnch  dondnion in  America,  lie  mused 
isorrowfidly  on  the  evil  doom  by  winch  France  lost  a  tran.s- 
Atlantic  empire,  which  nnglit  now  be  to  her  ti  source  of  iii- 
exhanstibhj  prosperity. 

lie  truly  says:  "  From  Acndia  and  Canada  to  Loidsiana, 
from  tliL'  mouth  of  the  St.  Lawrence  to  that  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, the  territories  of  Xew  France  surrounded  what  orig- 
inally formed  the  confederation  of  the  thirteen  United 
States.  The  otlser  States,  tlm  District  of  Colund)ia,  and 
Michigan,  Northwest  Missouri,  Oregcm,  and  the  Arkansas 
territories,  belonged,    or   would    have  belonged   to   us,  as 


1  Cliiif  niitliorilii's  iisi'd  :  Vii  I'l'rc  .rcxiiiic.  "  Di'  Moiitialni  in  Ciiimdn,  (m  lc>  riiniiOri'-i.nnt'os 
do  la  Colonic  FranraNr  ;  •  Or  ronlpcrtiiis.  "  I.os  Knii\vai^  en  AiMi'rii|Uc  :  -  '  IlcnilcyV  Mix-.'l 
I'lny"  VhliL- Kcrland.  ••(•our-'  dTli-loiro  dii  eanada  ;  "  WarUinloii,  •  Tlio  Coniimv't  of  (an- 
nda  :  "  Itaiicroft,  '•  History  of  tin;  Liiili.d  Static  ;  -  Do  ]3oinRcho>o,  ••  Montcalm  it  lu  Canada 
FranvaU.-'  ■     „  ^g. 


cm 


i.ons  josKi'if  hi:  .vosTr.\r..)f. 


llicy  iiMW  brlt.nu-  t(.  lli.'  I'liil.-.l  St:it.-s,  by  tlic  :'.>ssion  of  tlio 
Kiiulish  ;iti.l  Si.iiniiirds,  .1111  liisi  liriis  in  CmhikIii  :iii<l  in 
].oiiisi:m:i.  Moiv  tlniii  two  lliir<ls  ot"  North  Aninici  would 
ui'kno\vlt'il,u,v  ;li'' Hovt'ii'luiity  of  Fiaiicf. 

'■  Wf  oiii"  i»itssrssi'(l  iici't' ViiNt  coiiiitiit's.  wliiili  miiilit 
liiivt"  <»irt'ivil  :i  lioiiii'  to  till'  cxci'ss  of  our  ]i(.iiul;r  mi.  :iii  iui- 
lioitaiit  inarU<'t  to  our  coniint'i-cc.  a  nursciy  to  (.ur  iiavy, 
^'o\v,  \vi'  ar.'  I'll!',"  I  Id  i-;)!!!!!!!'  in  our  i)iisuiis  culprits  con- 
(Irnii'i.'d  l>y  til.'  tribunals,  for  want  .)f  a,  si... I  ..f  .m'oiin.l 
wlifit'on  to  jila.'.'  tli.'sc  wrt'tclifd  cicatuivs.  W.-  aiv  fx- 
chid.-d  from  tlu'  N.mv  \V..rl(l,  wli.-iv  tli.'  liuiuan  ra<-.'  is  iv.'oin- 
iiu'iicin,;;  'Plic  Kii.ylish  and  Spanisli  laii-uap's  s.'rv.' to  .■>:- 
jM-css  til.'  tliouuhfs  of  many  millions  ..f  ni.'ii  in  Africa,  in 
Asia,  in  the  S.)iitli  Sea  Islan.ls.  on  tlic  c..iitiii('iit  ..f  llit| 
two  Americas;  aii.l  w.',  disinli.'ril.'d  of  tli."  c..n.iu.'sts  of 
our  courajic  and  our  genius,  li.  ar  ih.- laiit;iiai:<' of  K'acin.', 
of  ('(.Ibci't,  an.l  of  Louis  X\'l.,  s]>ok.-n  UK-nly  in^  ji 
few  haiiil.'ts  of  li.uisiana  an  I  Cana.la,  iind.'r  a  f..r<'i-!i 
swiiy.  'I'licrc  it  remains,  as  tliou,?,ii  but  for  an  cvidcmv  .)f 
the"r.'v.'rs:'s  ..f  our  f.)rtun.(  ami  tlic  .'rrors  ..f  our  pnlicy. 
Thus,  th.'ii,  has  France  disni.i.caivd  from  Norlh  Am«'ri.-a, 
lik.'thos;' In  li:iu  trib.'s.  with  wliicli  sh'  synii).ithi.v..-d,  and 
some  of  the  wrecks  of  which  ]  hav.nx'held." 

The<j;reat  Frenchman  of  the  niuet.'enth  c.-ntiiry,  wh..  thus 
mourn.'d  over  th.;  filorioiis  d.. minions  In  the  W.'st.'iii 
AVorld  which  misht  hav.>  been  Ids  country's,  <'ould  at 
least  have  c<.ns..led  himself  by  the  rellecth.n,  that  it  was  not. 
throu,uh  any  want  of  individual  heroes  iimonL--  her  s<.!is, 
that  France  lost  those  fair  hinds,  and  was  deprived^  of  so 
bri,iiht  a  future.  Were  we  t.)  mete  out  our  admiration  of 
th(^ various  Furopeau  setth'rs  in  Ameri.-a  by  indivi.lual 
spiM'imens  of  ability,  eiieriiy,  virtue,  and  heroism,  th.reis  no 
nation  that  woidd  have  a  hi.ii'her  claim  to  our  i.rais.',  than 
that  whi.-h  pr<.duced  Champhiin,  .Togues,  De  r.ivbeiif.  Mar- 
qu'tte,  Li  SUI.',  and  finally,  "the  wise  and  chivalrous" 
^[..ntcalin,  the  last  ami  the  best  of  the  Taladius  of  France 
bev  'id  the  western  wave. 

Montcalm  liad  fallen  upon  evil  days.     Au  lie  was  born  in 


I'Ssioll  nf  thii 

iiiidii  :iuil  ill 
iiiciic.i  uuiiM 

ivliicli  niiu'lit 
liitidii.  Mil  iiu- 
()  oiir  navy, 
ciilprits  cnii- 
)[  (if  ufdimd 
Wf  nil-  fx- 

I'lH'r  is  rccDiii- 

<  serve  to  cM- 

iii  Afiic!!.  i!i 

lllicllt    of  tlici 

(•(lll<lil»'StS     dl' 

:(•  (if  li!ic:iii', 
im-nly  in  !i 
'!•  a  forciu'ii 
1  evidciici'  oL' 
i"  (iiir  ]M)licy. 
■ill  AtiK'i'ica, 
).ill)i'/';l,  and 

iry,  who  tliMs 
llie  AVcstt'in 
y's,  <'()idd  at 
lat  it  was  nor 
U'^  lit'i'  sons, 
'j)i'ived  of  so 
dinii'ation  oC 
)y  individual 
,ni.  tht'i-eis  no 
■  ])raise,  than 
P.ivlxMif.  yuw- 
chivali'ous  ■' 
ins  of  Franct? 

e  was  born  in 


l.iK  IS  ./osHI'lf  in:  Mi>STCM.\f. 


r.n7 


171-2  and  «li«'fl  in  IT."»;).  the  whole  (.f  his  lil'e.  except  hi-t 
early  inran<'y,  w;is  coiuiiiised  in  the  peiind  III"  the  lei^n  "f 
l.uiiis  W..  iHThaps  the  most  di^Lrrae.'fid  an<l  disas- 
tniMs  jcriod  in  the  history  of  ninlei'ii  I'lanei-.  Cnaise  li- 
(•entioiisness,  iinliecile  ra\-oiitisiii.  sordid  prodiualitx .  and 
apatheti:'  disreu'ard  of  duly,  siininati/. 'd  the  Couil;  and 
the  iiol)les<e,  who  moiio]io||/i'(l  :dl  niililaiN  and  «'i\ilc(irn- 
nian<ls,  in  .neiieral  lait  loo  hdthfnlly  indtated  theviees  of 
their  soverei.lill.  A  fi'W  hrilliaiL  exi'e|ili«ins  arediseernilple; 
and   no  name  shinei  mo;-.'  purely  than  that    of  .\ionicalin. 

the   representative  of  a   loa'4'    lii f   illnstiions  ancestry, 

whose  nlorie-i,  woa   i:i    liip;)"er    {inie>.  1 'lipH'd   hy   the 

lliuh  t|"'"''''"^  ^^ '''*■''  III' disi)layed  ill  the  daikest  season  fif 
teiuiitation,  dillicidty,  and  distress. 

li  luls  Jo-ieph.  Minriis  d'  Montcalm  de  Saint  X'eraii.  was 
1)  )i'a  at  till"  (diateaii  .  *  amiiac,  ni-ar  Nisnies,  on  the  •J.'-'th 
ol'  Fel)rnary,  ITl','.'  Ili^  liad  an  elder  brother,  who  was  re- 
nowned iis  a  youtld'al  ]irodii:y  of  learidin:'.  and  who.  like 
many  other  yoiitht'nl  prodi,<;ies,  died  in  childhooil  of  a  dis- 
ease of  the  brain.  The  two  brothers  were  educated  Iiy  l)n- 
nias,  under  wIkuu  th<>  future  defender  of  Canada  acipiind 
a  familiarity  with  tli  '  cla-i-iic-;,  and  a  fondness  for  lilerature, 
whichilistin.u'uished  him  throiiiihout  life;  and  which  wouhl 
]irobably  have  <j;iveii  him  celebrity  as  a  writer  and  a  sclioliir, 
if  tlie  circumstances  of  his  raidi  and  social  station  had  not 
di'v.i:ed  him,  whiU?  still  younm\  to  a  niilitiiry  caieer. 

lie  s;ion  atti'acte(l  notice  in  the  Fivncdi  armies  both  for 
bravery  and  intelli.u'enc*'.  Kver  forward  to  meet  dan.uvr.  lu^ 
received  three  wounds  at  the  battle  of  IMacei.tia.  and  after- 
v.ai'ds  sulVered  still  more  severely  at  the  lijittle  of  Kxilles, 
!a  17-1<'>,  when  this  lasf-mentiolieil  enuap'nietit  was  fou.uht, 
the  .Manpiis  de  Monrealm  was  colonel  cd"  a  re.Liinient  of  in- 
fantrv,  and  Ik*  there  received  a  lesson,  which  he  a  terwards 


'  I'll  ill'  Kt'K  micr'tri'i.  .T  viii  cl"  Moniiiilin.  iivnlt  rpoiisi'  .Tcrniic  di-  Oiiziui,  |.r,'ti  •iiiiVc  dit 
I'r.il'.il-mallrr  IKmhIii;  ilr  (Ju/im.  Ic  viiilhin  ■iinln  dnr.'n.i  (|iii  tli'"*.>l:i.  liri'.r|,iii|i'.  rile  ili'  KMrnclr^. 
( In  iiimi'  a  voir  ciiiMiri'  iiiijii'iril'lini  ilini'*  Ic-^  iirim'.-'  ilc-'  Mimli'iiliii.  nil  i|i'<>ii)iw  ilr  \.\  ilrv  i«i'  (|iii-  im- 
ir,'  lu'nis  a  si  liii'H  .jiKtilli'  •:  "  M  ii  hm  >■:  iir  i«/  tn  ij'ori.r.  «,"  l.i  II  ;u1'j  iii..>loiii.'Usi,'  (lu  roiloiita- 
Mi' ilr:i,M:i.-"'/A  Monlcillin  iii  ( ,(/i«(/(/."  p. 'J. 


jl 


« ;t 


i.ons  josr.pii  ni:  MosTiM.M. 

tirnt'il  to  pood  nccounf,  of  liow  useless  flio  val<ir  of  \\\^^ 
lu'st  tii.ops  in:iy  prove  iwiinst  fortilifil  lines,  tlioiiirh  Ih-M 
liyavery  inft'iior  forw,  if  the  ilelV-nders  uiv  judiciously 
(•oinniiindt'd. 

His  iv;,dineut  ill  tliat  caiupaipn  I'onned  pnit  of  llie  Army 
of  Dauphiue,  witli  which  the  (^ount  d.' Helleisleeiidenvdivd 
to  penetrate  into  IMediiiont.  On  the  C.th  of  .luly,  P-eileisle 
assaulted  the  entienchnientH  with  which  tlui  Piedniouteso 
had  strenwtlK'r.t'tl  the  pass  of  Kxilles.  The  Krem-h  columns 
advanced  <;allantly  in  three  attacks,  hut  were  each  time 
driven  l):ick  with  hesivy  loss  ;  thou;-h  such  was  the  (h-voted 
valor  with  wldch  th<^  assaidts  were  nuuh',  that  some  of  tlio 
Frendi  soldu-rs,  who  had  reached  the  foot  of  the  batteries, 
spranir  into  tlie  enemy's  lines  throuj,!!  the  embrasures  in  the 
fortihcalion,  when  the  Piedniontese  cannons  recoiled  after  a 

discharj^e. 

Knra.iAvd  at  these  repulses,  the  Count  do  Belleisle,  to 
whom  a  marslud's  baton  had  been  promi:sed  if  lie  coidd 
force  his  way  inio  IMedmont,  collected  tht^  olHceis  of  his 
army,  formtsd  them  into  a  sinufle  column,  and  itliiciny-  him- 
self at  their  lu'ad,  with  the  French  colors  in  his  hand,  led 
tliem  on  in  person  to  a  last  and  desjierate  charge.  Kush- 
inj;  forward  throu,ij;h  a  lire  tliat  tlnnned  their  ranks  at  every 
step,  this  dauntless  cohort  of  French  nobility  came  sword 
in  hand  npon  their  sheltered  foes.  Tlioujih  wounded  by  a 
nuisker-l)all  as  he  advanced,  ]?elleis](>  planted  the  French 
standard  within  tlie  Piedmontese  lines,  and  was  tenrint? 
down  the  palisades,  when  he  was  rnn  throu^diwith  a  bayo- 
net. Unalde  to  force  their  way  forward,  and  nnwiiling  to 
retreat,  the  greater  part  of  his  olTicers  were  killed  aronnd 
lum.  Montcalm  was  one  of  the  few  that  escaped.  lie  was 
wounded,  and  had  fallen,  but  was  borne  back  by  some  of 
his  survivin.ix  comrades  to  the  French  ])ositi(m. 

On  recovering  fnmi  the  effects  of  that  dreadful  day,  ]\ront- 
calm  returned  to  active  service;  and  continned  to  distin- 
guish himself,  as  he  gradually  rose  in  rank  in  the  Fi'ench 
armies,  in  Italy  and  in  Gerniiiny.  In  17.")r»,  he  was  a  Field- 
marshal  ;  and  in  that  year  he  rece'ved  the  iierilous  honor 


l()Vl>  JoShril  DK  MDSTCMJt. 


mil) 


vnlor  of  tlio 

tlioiiixli  Ih'M 

L»  judiciously 

of  I  lit'  Army 
It'ciidfiivdrcil 
Illy,  r..'iii'islt' 
lM('(lnioiitt'S(} 
cnc'li  colimiiis 
re  each  tiiiin 
s  tli(.'  (IcvoU'd 
;  some  of  the 
tlu'biitterics, 
•rasiii'cs  in  [\w 
.'(•oiled  Jiftor  Ji 

Bi'llcislo,  to 
I  if  ho  couhl 
()(Iic(>rs  of  ids 

])lii('in<:;  hiiii- 
liis  hand,  hnl 
\i\vix,i\  IJush- 
ranks  at  every 
y  vwmo.  sword 
wonndfMl  by  a 
d  the  Fi'tMicli 
1  was  tea  lint; 
I  witli  a  bayo- 
[  innviiling  to 
Ivilled  around 
iped.  He  was 
■k  by  some  of 
1. 

fulday,  Mont- 
iied  to  distin- 
in  the  Fi'ench 
e  was  a  Fiehl- 
lerilous  lienor 


of  beint,'  noiinnated  eoniinandei'  in  chief  of  tlic  l-'icnch  forces 
in  North  America,  aiiduf  hcin.u  intrusted  with  die  niissinnol 
strivin.i'  to  res(  lie  Canada  from  liie  danKeruiis  giasn  of  Kiig- 

land. 

Tlie  amplitude  «»f  the  dominion  whicli  the  French  once 
held  ill  Noitii  America  has  alresnly  been  descrilted  in  the 
woids  of  Chal-'anbriand.  Ihil  ii  sin,L;le  ^latice  at  the  map  is 
more  cunvincin^Mhan  the  most  ehxpieiit  and  copious  de- 
fcription.  On  lookim,' at  the  chart  (»f  the  eastern  coast  of 
Ameri-a  l)elow  the  l)arien  limits  of  the  Arctic  circle,  the 
broail  estuary  of  the  St.  Lawrence  lixes  the  attention. 
Passin^^  iidand  al<m,u'  the  line  of  this  ndjihty  river  in  a 
southwesterly  direction,  by  Cape  Breton  and  Nova  Scotia, 
and  thencH'  throiiuh  the  Dominion  of  (Canada,  we  reach 
Lake  ()m:irio  and  Ldcn  Hrie,  th.'  two  lirsl  of  the  remaika- 
1)1..  chain  of  lakes,  or  rather  of  inland  .seas,  which  belt 
round  the  habitable  districts  of  the  New  World  as  far  as 
the  neij;hborhood  of  the  sources  of  the  Mississippi,  of  the 
great  ri"ver  that  n  lis  its  waters  from  the  precincts  of  Lake 
Superior  for  ovn  three  thousand  miles  from  north  to  south, 
till,  liowing  through   Louisiana,  they  fall  into  the  Uulf  of 

Mexico.  ,,     ,     ,  -1 

France  claimed  to  possess,  and  actually  had  oruani/ed 
thocoloMizati.mof  the  whole  of  the  territories  that  form 
the  basin  of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  uiagidllceut  valley  of 
the  Mississippi.'  She  had  founded  the  city  of  New  Orleans 
on  the  endx.uchuiv  of  the  last  of  these  rivrs,  and  the  cities 
of  Montreal  and  Quebec  on  the  most  commanding  sites  of 
the  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  Hound  New  Orleans  slie 
had  colonized  a  district,  which  she  had  named  after  her 
''Grand  Monar.pie,"  Louisiana.  But  on  the  line  of  the 
great  northern  river  she  had  founded  the  far  more  impor- 
tant settlements  of  Cana.hi;  and  had  also  colonized  Cape 
Breton  and  Acadia,  whi(di  gave  the  apparent  command  of 
the  entrance  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  as  her  Lcmisianian  settle, 
meat  gave  her  that  of  the  Mississippi. 


;i 


1  ■•  i,„  vi.iuv  du  Mls.i-liM.I  fst  ,\  t..«i  i.rcndro  la  plua  mafe'uin.uic  demi'ure  que  Dum  ait  .umais 
pri'paruo  Jiour  riiuiimii'."— /'t  To(:(jmiUk. 


nnn 


l.<H  IS  ./osLI'll  hi:  MOMt.ll.M 


IliT   wispst    sliit.'SliH'n    llM«l    UVilviX   nil    ill'-  r.»iitf   of  Vri*. 
Mllillt'H    till'    t'.NpiMli.-IHy  nl'    CulinillU'   II    iill<'    nl    rulliliciitinlis 

tlii'oimliuuf  tlif  iiilfiiii''ili;il''  spir,'  l.fiwrcii  (':iii!iilii  Jiiid 
|,.>ili-i;in:i.  iili'l  iiNcMif  ^^•ll»lill;^;  <"ll  I'-li  lli(»lis:iinl  I'lviii-li 
juMSMiiis  tu  In:  III  Ni'itli'mt'iit.s  mul'V  tlif  shcUiT  of  these  loi-- 

tilicMlinlls    iiloliu'    llie   sllolfS    ol"    tlu"    llinst    snilt llcllv  of   fliM 

^'iv;it  iaki's.  !iim1  iilniiL:'  the  hunks  «il'  the  Mis>issii.pi  and  its 
ueslriii  Mlllilelits.  This  l;ol<l  lllld  wise  projerf  WHS  slighted 
h\     till'    Iiullie    Hit\erillliellt  ;     l»ut     the     :il'Ie    n'J'll    who   cnin- 

nianded  iiiCiinadii  l'«»r  Finnre  did  niiicli  I'ti' ils  r.ali/Mlidii. 

The  eunlliet    hetwei-n    the    Kivnch  iind    Ihilish   nices  ill 

Aini'li<a  had  lieeii  Iuiili;  and  (iKMiuiivd;  hut  the   lialai <>f 

advaiita.ue  and  of  levniire.'s  \\>y  liirllier  strn;i',iihN  was  de- 
ridedly  !i;^irnist  I'laiice.  when  Mniitcalin  received  the  dan- 
pMuiis  diuiiily  of  Military  ('nniniaiider  <.|*  Canada.  When 
the  ureal  warul"  t  he  Spanisli  Siicces>it.n  was  terminated  in 
Kniopi'.  some  clauses  were  added  to  the  Tnaty  of  i  irecht, 
by  which  Luiiis  Xl\'.  ceded  awa\  loiever.  with  i.mio- 
rant  inditVerence.  the  lu.ltle  prnvince  of  Acadia,  ci" 
Nova  S.'utia,  the  ine\liaiistil>le  fisheries  nf  New  Fmiiidland, 
jiiid  his  claims  to  the  vnsi,  hut  almost  unknown  regions  of 
Hndson's  May, 

Th  •  forty-three  ytvirs  fliat  Titllowed  17i:i  had  Iteeii  partly 
times  of  open  war;  and  they  liad  always  heeii  limes  of  act- 
iv.'  real  hostility  lietwecu  the  French  and  Hn^iish  in 
America,  even  when  the  two  iiiitions  weiv  nondnally  at 
iieace.  in  the  midsummer  of  IT.Vi,  the  lirst  year  of  tliH 
Seven  Years'  War,  tin-  Knulish  had  exi>erii'nced  sev«'ral 
disasters,  hut  on  the  wliole  they  weiv  sjouly  liainiiiLT  the 
niastei-y  over  the  Frendi  in  America.  Hradchick's  defeat 
on  the'sth  of  .Inly,  IT.V).  had  cansi-d  the  (inshed  arms  of 
J?ritaiii  to  recede  for  a  time  from  tlieOhio.'  r.tit  Oswetro.  the 

1  (iciHTiil  lir;iilil()(k  wiis  till'  hciKUlioiii.'  riiiiimiiiidiT-lii-cliii'f  "f  Kiml.inil'w  fnrci-  in  licr  N'ortli 
AiiiiTliiin  ciildiifiw.  lie  hiid  lii'iii  Mill  mil  In  lln'  KprliiL'  <>f  I'.Vi,  anil  in  llic  •iiinnnr  nf 
till'  Hiiinc  jiMT,  lie  l.i'c.in  lii«  mifiirliiiirttr  i'X|iriiiii(>n  iiL'.iin-t  I'l.rl  Iniiini'siii'.  ii  Krcu  •)» 
HlroiiL'liiilil  "11  llii'  lllil".  al  till'  iirc-nit  cite  of  I'ilNliiir:.'li.  lie  left  Ilic  frniillir"  of  '  f- 
({inia  Willi  -J..'!!!!!  iimi.  AfliT  ii  linn-  he  irri'W  iinpaliint  at  Itif  hioHiie-s  (if  liie  inareli.  i/f- 
(lereil  tJeiieral  Diiiiliai- to  fiiilow  liilii  willi  liie  l)aa:L'a:;e.  anil  |ill"li((l  iin  with  l,',tK1  IlL'lit  triMipn. 
•i'lll^<  «M-  ilime  al  llie  aiMee  of  \Vahliiiii.'li«n.  who  was  ime  (if  his  aidsde ca'nii.  The  laller  hail 
nlri'aily  warned  llraddoek  (if  linj  Indian  modi   of  IlLtlitiii);;  anil  oven  lleiijuinin  Fraiikiiii,  who 


iilllf  of  Xw- 
rol'tiliriitiiiiis 
(';iii:iil:i  iitxl 
«!III<1  l''|i'iwll 
of  these  I'til'- 
lllt'lly  »il*  the 
>il)|ii  iiiid  ils 
was  Nli^iiled 
■11  who  enlil- 
s  rt;ili/!ili(iii. 

lisli  nices  ill 
e  li;ililliee  ol' 
uies  Wiis  «h'- 
H(l    the    (hill- 

ii«hi.  When 
I'l'iiiiiiiite)!  ill 
,  of  i  Ireclil, 
.  wilii  iniio- 
Aeiidin.  or 
,•  KoiiiidhiiKl, 
II  regions  of 

I  lieeil  l>Ml't]y 

limes  of  iict- 
JMi^iisli  in 
iioiiiin;i1ly  at 
year  (»f  the 
need  several 
•  liaiiiin;;  the 
lock's  defeat 
shed  arms  of 
I  Osweiro.  the 


ri  forci-  in  litr  Nortli 
1  ill  iIm'  ^iiiiiiiiir  lit 
liiKlui-iic,  II  Kri'i)  •!• 
Ill'  frmiliiT'i  "f  '  ?• 
-w    (if  llii'  iiiiirili.  I't- 

illl   l.'JIHIiJL'Ilt    IriMipH. 

I'lip.  'riir  liiKcr  liiiil 
juiniii  Fmiikliii,  who 


i.oris  josurii  nt:  most* mm 


(101 


tnoHi  im|.ortant  posf  on  ih.'  line  of  opeiation^  from  ('ana<lu 
to\\ai.U  ihe  Mi-issii.|.i.  uas  in  Kn^lish  hands;  iwitl.  ..n  ll.e 
li,„.  nf  Lake  rhami-lain  and  Lake  (ieory.-,  Sir  William 
.li.hnsuii.  at  the  head  ..f  ilie  militia  <.f  ihe  New  Knulaiid 
Stales,  had  ;^aiiied  eon>ideial.le  advantages,  ami  'i;"'  ''^ 
tal.lisii'd  and  garrisoned  tvvo  fort.s,  named  ImiiI  William 
llciiiy  and  l-'oit  Kdwaitl. 

The   nnmlier  of   regular    Knropenii    trooi»s   eolleeiid    in 
the    Knglish  eolonies,   far   oiitiiiiml)ered    lht>se   In  «'unad:i. 

And     the    diiVrlviire    lirtUi-eii      the      JK  ipllhl  t  loll    of    Caiiadii 

and  that  of  the  Knglish  eolonies  was  siieli  as  t<.  lliiow  fear- 
ful odds  into  iheseale  a-aiiist  those  v\hose  d.ity  it  was  to 
„|,|,,,ld  Ih.-  Ileiirde  lisof  i-'ram-e  against  the  l.loo.l  >tained 
Hag  of  Kngland  in  the  New  W'.irld.  The  whole  nmnher 
ofThe //'/A//''//.v  <.f  Canada,  when  Moiiiealni  arrived  there, 
dhl  not  ainonnt  to  sixty  thousand.  The  iiopnlatioii  of  the 
,1, ill, ...11  Knglish  eolonies  .-xeeeded  a  million  and  a  .inarler. 
The  diiVeleliee  in    wealth   and    resolliees  was   lielhal'S    even 

greater.'  . 

KarnesI  entreaties  hiid  I'eeii  sent  from  (inehee  to  I  ariM 
for'iissistanee  in  what  was  now  felt  to  he  Ihe  deeisive  striig- 
gl,.|..-tvveen  the  French  iind  Knglish  in  America.  W'iihall  its 
faults.  Ill*'  Kiviich  Court  <'annol  hedeiiied  the  praiseof  having 
^Jeuerally  seleclea  moll  of  eminent  ahiliiy  i<»  ''"  «»"'  -^t"' '""'•* 


.1  ih-   thf  D.noal   at    rr.MliTl.kl.Mi.   illil  ill-   Kiinr,     lint    it  «»-  ""nl"  iIt"""  »«»y.    TIlP 

Kn.lM,  ;'''"''"',,,,,,.,,     ,„,,,,  ,.,.  MMii.     Willi «»-  1.-  'Iiuii  MM  I,  iii.l.-  11 l-irt 

,„„„,,„|,l.    II,.  „.|f,mll.lu,..   1-  ^^^^  ^^  .iiilv,  it:,,-,.  I,v   ,ilHmlM«i|i;.lm...iiiHl  i.  '.w 

l.T,.ml,iuri.,r.mii,.:iiHlr'l  l->  '""'"';  """  .V,,,.  ,..,„.„.|,  „,.r.-  11.  ..p.  ii  ;;..m,i„I,  m.kI  «.  rr  M..r,li-,l 

;-::ir:t::.:;:z;rn.4,.::;.  i;.M.^ 
;:;;;;,:;:::r'n::::;;::;:;:rM^i^  -•-— ■ ' 

of  llu'M'iWwiri'iimcir-'.    .svo^'. 

.  Wli:.Mvn-ll,-lv  P..IU     ^^"^^        \  ,„l.iil.i..n,l..   «.T.'  ..•   HH^  I" 'i'"! 

'"'"»  """-  ""•"  >'"'"""",      :,,,«.  1,.,.  ..st..i.,l...l  II...1.  tli.it  .If  emni.l.. .  ».i,  num.  .■,..>■  of 

:;V'"Ti.;;rn3:    "i:!-^.',in,;::,. ■ -< i^- "-•:•>'•;'>• 

Ml      r,  ;.       f  \-.li..   e.i.....l..  t....ln..  ...I...-  ..Mniw  tH'i"  tH-Sl.  l,,i«r,.„.v.    •noli— 

l.hln«.-/>t  l„.,uucho>u  ■Mu.lcalm  ,t  k  La„ml<,  fnm(ul.. 


im 


i.ons  ji>>t:rii  /*/■  MnsriM.si. 


(»r  liiirh  rdiiitnaiKl  in  Ifn  ]>r(>vinrt's;  an<l  If  wns  fiutii  his 
ii'imfiiiion  iii't  only  fill"  <'niirn;if  :iimI  iniUttny  skill,  l>iit  fni' 
p'lli'Jal    lllt<'llt'flu;il    riip.lrily   ilinl    cliiruy.    tllilf     .M<>llli:tllll 

now  r«M'flv»'(l  til*'  iii>p<>ititnit'Ut  of  t'oinimuKler-lfSfhiol'  of 
tlif  Frt'iu'li  Jinnlt's  in  Ctiiiada. 


t— 


w.ns  ffiini  Ills 
Nkill.  I>iii  rni' 
lilt  Moiiiialiii 
er-lfichlof  of 


riiArrKiJ  ii. 

\f  o,nh,n~Th.  vhht'  Hlrnn!,/n.Ms     Tin  l„flhn,^  o,  nW,^ 

„:„.,i,,.s      Af  I'WI  l-'ronh  nor   -Tin  slnf.unj,  ,/  ns^nj,. 
Th,  r,n>f>nrnr  I'Wt    WiUhm,  H,,n't(-~hin„nn         In 

hntllr  nf  Thn,nhf„.,,t.iin,lt  fWvHhjhf  '.'/'  Vo// /'"^/;^ 
Thr  ho'tlht  of  Ihv  PhihiH  of  Mn.<lnrn>  of  V"  ''"'  »  "'J'  " 
rirlu,>,  Mn„lr„ln,  „.nrh>lh/  ,r,nnnl, ,1  -  Hi^  hd  InnnH 
-.JlUiUnlh     Ills  jHisninil  nppvamnve. 

Tho  Mnf<iuls  a.'  MnnlrMlm  touk  xvith  him  to  A'".-rir.i  Hv.' 
v,.t..nn  n.,im..nts  or  tUM.V...u-h  :u.ny.  S.MU.  nt  u^.  rU  ^ 

1,  .„.ht  to('a.m.ht  in  th-  \^\^y-^  1— i''l"  ':'""' "^  -nnU'- 

,  rau.l  Hru-i..n.y.     n.nr>iv...i  nt  i}n.U.  ^n  tlu- s„mn,..r 

,•    7.V.,  una  .v.nnin.vl  th.-.v  oul.v  a  I'.'u  'lays  to  ivf.v^h  I.h 

Caua.la.  an.l   of   (Ik'   position  ami   prohaMr   I'lans   ot   tl.o 
"T^hJ"hu^l.Kn.lishlu.M()sw..o.ithal^^ 

;!J:;;a.yw.r;atAl..n,y.ourh.Il..;l.un,.u.  h 
forw,  of  luoro  than  t.n  thousand  s..M,.'fN  l  .tl>  b..t.>h 
am  .artlv  i».-ovln.-ial.  Fn.n.  that  point  th.  K.>^;l.sh  nnny 
"  h  >;..VitlK.rni.ou().w.,o,<>r  „..m  Lak- Champla.u 
1  n.Mish  for.M.  t.nd.r  (}<"....al  Winslow  uas  al.va.ly  m 
ul  vh'h'ltv  c,f  this  h.U.,  and  thm.t.n.a  th.  F.vn.h  stmn,- 
l,„ta  of  ('fown  l»oint  and  Thcmd.-io.tra. 

M  nt.-al.n  ivsolve.l  tostrik.an  HlVctiv.'  blow  upon  ll...  hn'^- 
^^^^^.^on.  of  its  two  advanced  roints  In-ton.  suppo  t 

o  id  be  givet.  ftu:n  L.rd  London's  contnU  but  n,.^- .vnu  to 


V 


(ktl 


iM'ts  jft-^h.rf/  m:  Mosrr.M.st 


nriny.  f><j\v«»jfn '  wn««  Mniiffjilrn's  tniirU;  luif  lie  IliNt  irniilf 
a  r:i|iiil  juiirrH'V  In 'lintipli'iuuii.  implovitl  ili  (Iff.'iixfm.  iiIdI 
ii-»iihh|  it  iiH  fur  UN  possllil*'  fifitii  ni|»fMr»'.  wliil«»  In*  nuirMii' 
h'ult"!  ill"'  >'\\U-i  piiH  nf  ilii'  l*'ii'ii»li  foii'p  ii|M>ri  (>H\vi'«(t. 
K'tiniiiii','  i:ipMly  frnm 'ri<''iiiilfH(j:;i.  In»  «'nlli'('ti'tl  m  Monf. 
i'i';il    III*   \i'i<'i'!iii   ii'LiiiiD'tiH   iliiil    li)<   litul    liii>ii;:lir    rtnrii 

i''l':iHl'«'.    llUil   II   (■ii|l<«iili't't|l)li>    r«ii('f  of    III)*  ('llllDilllltl    lllililll). 

^^'illl  llu'«i«  lio  mnirlu'il  III  Foil  Kioiitfiiiw  (imw  Khiu'Hinin, 
ih'Ui'  lh*>  lini'tlM-ti»l<-l'ti  •'Mt'i'lnitv  iif  t,iiK<*  niiliiiio.  iiinl  on 
III"  .'til  of  AnjiNf  iiiii»lt'r<Ml  his  I-jihiimiui  anil  CaMailiaii 
It'iMipH,  iiud  also  a   lat'gi*  furcc  «tf  I'Hiit'filcialt*  lixliaii  war- 

lilUM. 

Till'  coiiji.'ritll  III  uT  lln>  i»a(l\<'  IiIIk-h  wa>*  ••ii^orly  H(ii|n;||t 
liolli  !•>•  till'  l-'ri'iK'li  ami  tin-  l-'ii^ii^li  In  llii-li' "U  u  r^l'-s  fur 
a^iMiiili'Mi-y  hi  .\;ii  ■,ii'i.  '['ui-  lii'li.HM  w -r  >  iicirly  tisclcsH 
a.iraiiisi  n-uiilar  lri>()|H  in  an  «'iii'iiiiiitrr  in  a  fair  lli'ltl,  as  it 
uas  fuiiiKl  JMHMis-.il>!.'  Im  Iiiiiijx  iIk'Iii  iiikIi'I'  i-irt'clivi'  <llsti 
plint'.  or  i'>  rlii'i'li  ilifir  rfincinis  nm-liy.  Hni  they  wcri* 
iViaiidaMf  ••(»niliataiils  in  tin*  irrt';xiilar  waifar<' wlili'h  nee- 
rvsaiily  fdrnicil  a  main  jiart  of  a  coalfsi  carrii'il  on 
amid  till'  piinnval  u ildcitu'MHCH  and  I'oI'i'sIh  of  North 
Aiiu'iii'a.  'I'lm  l*'rt'ii(ii  far  smi»a>s,M|  tin-  Kii,uli>li  in  ilicskiij 
V.  Itli  w  liifli  iIm'V  itiLirati'ih'd  tiii'msclNrs  wiili  tlir  Ucd  Mt-n 
of  liii-  Ni'w  W'oilii;  and  Monlcaim  was  |HM'uliarIy  •■miin'iit 
foi  till'  a^*^('lld<'IK'y  wlarli  lie  aciinin'd  over  IIm'  natlv<» 
warrloiM, 

'I'll'  personal  di'si-iipfion  wliich  1^  jtrlvon  of  Montcalm 
iniulii  al  iiiNi  lead  iis  to  sapiiosi'  tliat  ln' was  less  lit tfd  to 
Itrriinit'  popular  amoiiu'  till'  iliu'iiilii'il  ciiiii's  and  warrioi.sof  tim 
Imlian  Irl'n's  ilian  anionip  Miti  ranks  of  his  liravcand  roiirto* 
oiiiH  roiinlrynaMi.  Hi'  is  di's<'rilM'd  as  "small  in  siatiiri', 
vapid  in  niiivrrsalion.  and  of  rcslli'ss  niohiiily."  liiil  liis 
I'oiiiam',  Ills  11  .naiUalilf  power  of  »Midiiriny;  privations  and 
latiiciH',  iliccliccifiij  leadiiu'ss  with  which  lie  set  the  example 
of  facin.u;  every  necessary  daiipM*  and  bearing;  e\ery  Iiard- 
sliip.  till'  skill  which  he  HJiowed  in  «'«meeallng  his  plans 

'  111  Nnv  Yock. 


rnrr<i  msr.iit  t>K  \nt\rfM.M. 


Alio 


<'f''ii'««">«.  iiihI 
»  III'  f'i»tirf>|l' 
Mtii  (Kwi'tfn, 
I'tl  iir  Moiif 

liitti  itiilitlu. 
V  Kliiu'-^tMiii, 
iiii>.  itriil  *>ri 

III    < ';iM!lili:ilt 

Imlian  utu- 

rt'i'ty  f*<iimli( 
itii\i\:l<'>i  I'tir 
Mily  iHi'lt'ss 
r  lii'M,  tiH  It 

I'CtiVl'   fllscj 

it   llu-y  \viTi. 

'  W  liii'li  nee- 

I'ariii'il    'III 

1      I  if      Nnl'tll 

1  ill  till'  skill 

ir    K.'.l   M.-i, 

Illy  MMJiii'iit 

tln'    iiativo 

f  iMiiiilcalm 
less  lilt.'d  to 
aiiidi'sol'liio 
ami  riiiirto- 
ill  siiiiinv, 
."  liiil  liis 
ivatiitiis  iiiid 
tilt'  •'xaiiiiilo 
<\»'iy  lianl- 
g  lii.s  ])laiis 


frnm  ih.M'm'my.  ih.  ..m-itf.-iW l.-rlry  with  sshUh  !»<•  I'alt 

la^  l»luw-.  1111*1  i\u'  mlit.ifn.-HH  Willi  wlii.h  Ih-  wl.li.h.  vv  riMiii 
IJii'ioiiiiliT  lil..*^H  tliiii  u.it  aiin.'.l  ai  liim.  h.m.ii  ralM..l  liiiii 
liiuh  In  III-  ."HiliimtlMH  of  liin  imtiv-  alli.'»;  »n<l  ii<«  'ili'i 
KiiinjiniM  p'li.'Hil  I'Vci'  wiiw  no  wi'll  nltl.«l  Ivv  lli'-  liKliaiis 
iiH  «a«  Mniii.alm.  iih»  .»n1y  .Inrtiu  iIm'  «u.'<'HHrN  .1  ili-  lii-i 
y.-iiis  (.r  Ills  .niimiaii.l.  iMit  iiUo  .liiiinu  tli.'  \>'\vis*':i  ami 
.'lillliiilii«H  ..!'  ihr  laiiiT  ( i.rlinii  nf  hi"*  Aiii'-iiiaii  <*ar.'«'r. 

On  ill.- .Mil  of  AnKiiM,  IT'W*..  M.»nt«alm  n-vli-w.l  ai   F"il 
i."i..iii..|ia.- tli»«  fom' wifit  wlil<>    lm«l.'H|«m'<l  i.M-aptiii.- «k 

\v.-«..;  on  III- lull  li.-  Ita«l  j-la I  a  .Ih  1^1. .ii  ..f  liinMiiiiy  \Nilliiii 

it  mil-  aii.l  a  lialf  »(  ill-  Miiii.,li  |..»m|,1oii  \\iili..iif  hi^  ap- 
i.n»a.li  haviiiu  I'-.-n  «li^..»v-i.«l;  iiii.l  mi  ih-  I'-Mli  h.  Iir..l  hU 
uli..l-  I. Mr-  iiss..|iiM.-<l.  aii.l  ..i..'ii.-.l  lii-*  !lii-M  M«alii.H!  a  .Hinall 
lull  ulii.h  III.'  Hiiti^li  Itii.l  nils.-.l  lai'v  <»s\\-«<'.  an  mi  a. I 
vamv'l  ""lU  I'nr  lis  <l.'l''-ii^''.  <>n  lla-  li^lli  tl..-  miuiII  luit 
was  lai.tiiiv.l.  aii.l  <>ii  tli.'  .-v.-iiiim  ol'  (li  MtK  M..iii(-alm 
|i:i<l  halt-n-.l  .l.mii  i.ail  of  tli-  wail.H  '.f  Hsw.'go  its.'ir.  'I'li.t 
I'.ii^lisli  .•oiiiiiiaml.-r  iml  nariydf  liism.'ii  lia.l  I'all.'ii  'm.|i.;iiIi 
lli,r.,,||,pii.a' Iir.' ..r  li-  l»-^i'Ui'i>*.  aii.l  ill"'  i.-iiiaiial-r  .'f  ili- 
-iiiiisun  siii'r.'ii.l.-r.'<l.  T\n..  Kii;'lisli  iv-iinu'iiis  thus  iM-.-am- 
NI.. 111. 'aim's  prison-rs;  tni-  liiimlr-.l  aii.<  tw.'iily  «'aiiii..ii^ 
six  v«'Hsels<.f  war.  a  iaiu'.-  !l.>lilia  ..I'  l-arks.  wlii.-h  lia.l  1....  ii 
,..!l|.'.'t.-.l  ..II  tli.'  riv.-r  .l-.s.'  l'>  lla-  I'.'n.  tin.'.'  -Ii.'sis  ..1'  p. Id, 
:iiid  an  imii'-.-ns.'  .iiiaiiliiy  <'l'  iir<.vi>i..i,s  ;,nd  military  .sL.ivs, 
Nvi'ir  al>*..  Ill-  I'liiits  ..r  this  .'nt-rpris-.' 

Imm.-diat.-lv  art.-r  his  vi.-l.-ry.  M..nt.;-lni  pai.l  .In.- Ii.mi- 

,.  to  ih.'  <S<"1  "f  vi-torh's.     in  Ih.-  mid.lh  ..f  ilnM-n.'l.>siii.. 

',,?  Ih.-  r-.n  h.'  plant. '.I  a  lar^v  ("rnss,  wiili  liiis  iiiH'ripti..n 
///  /H,r  sh/iH>  riNr>n>f,   '•  l.y  this  si.un  u,.  Iiav,-  .-..mpn-r-.l. " 
Til.-  AI.Im'-  IM.im.t  l.l.'ss."d  III-  pions  i^;niiiini-iii.     N-ar  this 
Cross  ill-  rais.-d  a  post  which  Im.iv  th.'M'ins.  I'  Fran.'- and  an 
,,th.'r  iiis.'ripth.a. worthy  alik-  ..f  u  p.-lish.'d  and  yr-at  .'..111 
niallder-  Miiiiihiis  dnh   Jil'm  jih  i)i^\ 

"i  n...  offi^n'^hV^ork.  of  OMvru'O  «on.  qnUo  fonnUlubl-  f-.r  Ih.  M.n-  nn.t  .■„,m.ry.    Th.-y  <■.«,• 

.«.     M         r  ri  /  Th^    phu.  of  .!>.•«•  «ork.  rM>  ....  -.-.  I..  ••  Mou....!,.. -.. .  .nml.      ,..  «. 

T  '  Kn"  .1.  ;urrt.n  nun.l'  r-.l  i.n.rly  .,(.«.    M-nU -  M-  ..,.m-...I  »...nnn«  -o  hi.  "..a 

u., 0...,., of  1  ;iOO  regular  iro.,,...  l.SUO Cuumlla.,.,  uiiU  -iM  luJIaus  or  u  lolul  uf  a.iM). 


s 


600 


AOrAs-  JOSEPH  i>K  MoxrcMjr 


'PliM  Ii'()(|iiols  liM(l  lookffl  oil  till'  existence  of  a  Kuropi'MTi 
fnvt  Mt  OswcL^o  with  p'culiiir  jciiltmsy  uiitl  ill-wiU  ;  and  in 
order  to  scciiiv  tlicir  frifiidsliiit,  Moiitcalin  liadtlu'  sauacity 
to  frtrcp)  tli(^  iimiu'diatt'  advantage  <'!'  jilacin.ua  Ficiicli.iiar- 
rison  at  tlu' spot,  and  cuuscd  the  remains  of  tlie  dcftfuses 
lo  bo  levt'lt'd  with  tin.!  ^^'ound. 

Tliis  sMliMilifl  success  raised  liiyli  tlie  nnlitary  rejnitatioii 
of  l-'rance  'a  the  New  World  ;  and  Montcalm  siiiiiali/ed  the 
following-  year  by  an  i-iinally  bold  and  brilliant  achievement. 
Lord  Loudon,  the  En,u,lish  commander  in  America,  resolved 
to  make  thesiei^e  of  Loaisbnru-.  in  Cape  Breton,  the  ;,^rent 
operation  of  the  campaii^n  of  17.')7.  Montcalm  watched  in 
•rrirn  exiiectation,  until  Loudon,  by  drawin-.';  away  the 
ilower  of  the  British  forces  to  thi«  distant  enterprise,  uave 
liim  the  opportunity  of  strikint?  a  blow  on  the  advanced 
j)osts  of  Ku,4lish  ])owernear  Lake  ({eor^e,  like  that  which 
he  had  dealt  them  near  Lake  Ontario. 

Colonel  M(mro  hehl  Fort  William  Henry  with  a  .^^arrison 
of  two  thousand  men,  and  Cieneral  Webb  liad  a  force  of 
four  thousand  more  at  Fort  E  hvard.  ^:ontcaIm  deter- 
nuned  to  surprise  and  capture  Fort  WilHam  Henry.  He 
suddenly  collected  the  warriors  of  thirty-three  Indian 
tribes  and  his  French  veterans,  with  heavy  ordnance  and 
stores  for  a  siege,  at  Ticondero^ia,  and  thence  moved  rap- 
idly sonthward  on  his  intended  prey.  It  had  been  a  season 
of  scarcity  in  Canada.  But  small  stores  Avere  collected  for 
the  army.  They  must  conquer  speedily  or  disband.  "On 
such  an  expediti(m."  said  Mcmtcalm  to  hisofTicers,  "a  blan- 
ket and  a  bearskin  are  the  warriors  couch.  Do  like  me 
with  cheerful  good- will.  The  soldier's  allowance  is  enough 
for  us." 

Enabled  by  the  zeal  of  his  troops  and  his  Indian  allies  to 
drag  a  ilotilla  of  canoes  and  boats  across  the  neck  of  land 
between  Lake  Champlain  and  Lake  George,  and  to  traverse 
unobserved  the  northern  part  of  the  last  lake,  Montcalm, 
on  the  2d  of  August,  brought  his  full  force,  amounting  to 
eight  thousand  men,  close  upon  Fort  William  Henry  ;  and 
on  the  6th  the  trenches  had  been  dug  and  the  besieging  bat- 


n  Kiiropt'iiTi 
will  ;  iiiid  in 
.  tilt'  siiu'.'icily 
I  l-'rciicliirar- 
tho  tlclVnses 

•y  rt'jnitatioii 
i,U!i;ili/.('il  the 
iicliicveTiicnt. 
'ica,  resolved 
i>n,  tlie  ;i;rent 
I  wtitcluHl  in 
fj;  away  the 
erpriHe,  uiive 
he  iulvaiK'eil 
e  that  wliich 

th  a  fi:ari'is{)n 
d  a  force  of 
I  tea  I  in  deter - 

lleury.  IIo 
three  Indian 
rdnance  and 
!  moved  rap- 
l)een  a  season 
collected  for 
sband.  "On 
•ers,  "ablan- 

I)o  like  me 
ice  is  enongli 

dian  allies  to 
neck  of  land 
[id  to  traverse 
e,  Montcalm, 
imonnting  to 
Henry ;  and 
besieging  bat- 


I.OI'IS  JOSl'jni  DK  MoyTCM.yf 


Ct.' 


teries  oi.ened.  Monro  and  his  -.arrison  bravely  resist-d  loi- 
iwochivs;  but  their  anmninition  be<;an  to  fail.  Webb  re- 
fused to  march  to  tlu-ir  assistance,  ami  on  llieUth  of  Ani-ust 
ihey  capitulated.  Fort  William  Henry,  lik.-  Fort  ()s\ven(., 
Ava.s  leveled  to  th(!  earth. 

'Pile  news  of  its  fall  reached  kor<l  koiidoii.  in  Caiie  I're- 
ton.  and  recalled.liini  from  his  inellicienl  operations  a.irainst 
Louisbur^'  to  defend  New  York.  The  downfall  of  the  Wni- 
ish  power  in  America  was  thon-ihtby  many  to  be  imniinent, 
and  though  Montcalm's  means  we^e  iiKnlequate  for  folh.w- 
inu-  u])  his  success  by  a  r(\L!,ular  invasion  ol  the  English  col- 
onies, he  girt  their  whole  landward  frontier  with  llame  and 
desol'ati<»m  Numerous  l)an(ls  of  Canadians  and  Indians 
made  incessant  inroads  into  the  territory  of  every  I'.ritish 
settlement,  fi'om  New  Hampshire  and  Maysachusetts  round 
to  tlR;  Carolinas. 

But  though  thus  triumphant  in  the  field,  the  heroic  ^font- 
calm  felt  his  strength  gradually  diminishing,  and  knew  too 
well  how  inade(pnite  were  the  resources  of  Canada,  against 
those  which  the  English  in  America  still  possessed  against 
him.  His  enterprisers  and  the  incessant  border- warfare 
called  nearly  the  whole  serviceable  male  population  of  Can- 
a'd.'i  away  from  the  labors  of  agriculture.  A  scarcity  of 
corn  and  other  provisions  was  the  inevitable  result. 

Tn  a  dispatch  written  by  Montcalm  to  the  French  minis- 
try in  February,  ITHH.  the  victorions  General  says,  "Ishnd- 
der  when  T  think  of  provisions.  The  famine  is  very  great. 
In  spite  of  all  onr  success,  Canada  needs  i)eace,  or  sooner 
or  later  it  must  fall ;  such  are  the  numbers  of  the  English, 
such  the  difficulty  of  onr  receiving  supplies."  He  was  nr- 
gent  in  his  entreaties  for  reinforcements  in  troops,  artillery, 
and  munitions  ;  but  the  French  Governmentgave  itself  no 
tronble  abon^  the  fate  of  Canada  ;  while,  on  the  other  hand, 
the  English  Government  had  passed,  in  1757,  into  the  ener- 
getic hands  of  the  elder  Pitt,  whose  favorite  project  was 


1  Tlio  i.lnn  of  Fort  William  Ilc^nry  can  lio  seen  In  "  Montciilm  en  Canuda,-  p.  «1. 
See  also  the  '•  Journal  of  Charles  Carroll  of  Carrollloii,-  \k  4'J,  etc. 


; 


fc?j' 


008 


J.Olls  .IDSKI'II  in:  MOSTCM.M. 


tilt' (Icstj'iictioti  of  Ficiicli  i>(»\v('r  ill  Anicricii,  and  wlio  ctn- 
l»li)yi'(l  the  vast  rcsiMii'Cfs  (if  l'iii;^I:iii(l  ims|(:ii  in,nly  and 
|>i't  lillin'iolisly  I'ltl'  llic  cuiiipirlf    cniupH'sl  (if   ( "n  li;i(l;i.       Vt't 

for  twelve  itiontlis  iiKH'c  di<l  I  lie  .Splendid  iu'eiiiiis  itf  Munf- 
caliii  delay  that  event  ;  siiid  tlie  yejir  I7."S  Wiis  ininked 
liy  tlie  most  l)rilliant,  iiioiigii  it  wiis  ilie  liisi,  of  Ins  victt)- 
ries. 

'i'liree  e\-i>e(litions  weio  undertaken  l)y  llif  I'litisli  tliis 
year  iii  Anieiica.  Lonishnig*  was  attaclvcil  ))y  ii  i'uiiidda- 
l)le  arnianient  i'rotn  Ivi,i,dand.  A  force  of  lifti'en  tiioiisiind 
reu,-idar  I'rilisli  ti'oojis  and  live  t'lionsiind  ]iidvincials  \vjis 
formed  iii  Piiiladelpliiii  under  CJeneral  l-'orln's,  and  destined 
to  capfni'e  l''ort  I)U(iuesne,  and  di'ive  liie  Frencli  from  tlii5 
valley  of  tlie  Oliio.  Tlie  lariivst  lCuro])ean  army  y«'l  seen  in 
the  Xew  AVorld  was  cidleeted  at  Ail)any,  under  (Jeiieral 
Aliercronihie,  jind  desiu'neil  to  ('on(|Uer  the  Fit  lu'li  forts  at 
Ti('oiidero;.ra  and  Crown  Point,  and  udvanoe  l)y  Lakc'C'liam- 
plain  into  Canada. 

Moulcalm  liiunv  tills  to  bo  the  most  formidal)l(>  of  tlio 
l)lows  leveled  at  Ills  pi'ovin<'e;  and  lie  deterniin(  d  to  meet 
it  in  person.  Al)ei'cr(jnil)ie  set  his  army  in  motion  early  in 
duly,  and  rea<'hed  the  uorthwe.st(»rn  shore  of  Lake  (leiU'ge 
a,  little  to  the  south  of  Ticondcroga.  He  had  lifteeu  thou- 
sand men,  more  than  six  thousand  of  -whom  were  reyuhir 
British  troops.  >rontcalni  had  not  more  than  thret;  thou- 
sand French  soldiers,  and  about  five  hundred  Canadians. 
But  he  remembered  the  day  of  Kxilh^s,  and  fortified  a  iiosi- 
tion  in  front  of  Ticonderoga  Avithan  earthen  breastwork  and 
a  thick  ubattis  of  felled  trees.  Abei-croinbii!  made  no  at- 
tempt to  turn  his  line,  but  sent  the  British  infantry  forward 
to  storm  the  center  of  >rontealm's  well-chosen  jjosition. 

As  the  regiments  of  Britain  struggled  on  the  8th  of  July, 
17.")S.  amid  the  felled  trees  that  formed  the  front  of  the  F]-«>n(di 
position,  Montcalm's  men,  admirably  jjosted  behind  the 
breastwork,  shot  them  down  by  hundreds.  Hour  after 
hour  did  this  scene  of  bntidierv  continue.  The  obstinate 
courage  of  the  English  only  served  to  increase  the  carnage. 
At  last,  the  attacking  columna  in  their  fright,  confusion, 


'a 


I.nVTSi  JOSEl'll  VK  .UOMVAL.V. 


0@9 


11(1  who  cm- 
iiin,nly  and 
iiiada.  \i't 
ills  i»f  Midif- 
rta.s  inaikcd 
il'  Ids  victi)- 

Puilisli  iliis 
"  a  I'oriidda- 
'M  tlioiisaiid 
viiicials  \viis 
Hid  (b'stiiifd 
[•h  from  tliij 
yd  seen  in 
Icr  (iciit'iid 
u'h  I'di'ls  at 
LakcCliaiu- 

liil>]i>  of  tho 

K  d    to    Illt'Ct 

ion  early  in 
lako  (ft'orgci 
irt('(.Mi  thou- 
•('IV  vcgultir 
tlmu!  Iliou- 
Ciinadians. 
Ificd  a  iMisi- 
[istwork  and 
nadc  no  at- 
iti'v  forward 
osition. 
^thof  Jnly, 
ftlH'Fr<Mi('li 
l)eldnd  tlie 
Hour  after 
le  obstinate 
lie  carnage. 
,  confusion, 


nnd  desiierntion,  tired  upon  eacli  otlier,  Wild  disorder 
followed,  and.  linally,  Al>ereroinl>ie'H  once  splendid  but  now 
sliattered  anny  lied  in  (itter  and  disuiaeefnl  rout,  leavinic 
nearly  ."),()(>(»  men  inkilledund  wouiided,wliilt^  Montcalm's  lii- 
tlD  force  only  lost  :«)(».' 

Writinir  to  Ids  friend  Doreil,  on  the  cn-ening  of  the  vie 
tory.  M  »!it.M!iu  siys,  "T.i'  Ivinu^'s  little  aiiny  lias 
whipp 'il  its  en-niies.  What  ii  day  for  I'^ancel  If  I  liad 
had  ~'!ii'  Indians  to  serve  at  (he  head  of  a  detachment  oi 
1.0(11)  picked  men,  1  would  h.'iveudveii  the  command  of  them 
to  the  ("iievalier  de  l/'vis,  and  few  of  the  Kii,-:lisii  con  Id  have 
escaped.  Ah  I  what  troops  are  onrs,  my  dear  Doreil.  I 
never  :  ;iw  anytliiii.Li'  to  match  themi  " 


I  • '  J 


>  Thr  i.lim  i>f  till'  I'lllli'.  liTiii  '.l  by  rriiicli  write  r^  llio  "  twtaillf  ili'  <.'iiiill"n."'  iiuiy  l.f  mtii  :ii 
"Moiitculin  (11  Ciiu.iila."  p.  l*t. 

'Till'  fiill.nviiiiifxiri.'l  i-  fniiil  llicfournal  nf  tli,'  fanu.HH  CliMi-l!''' Ciimill  ■UTMrrnllti.ii.  II  w;w 
wrlllL'ii  nil  his  visit  t<i  Cmaiia  in  irtn.  as  «w:  of  tlu'  (■.iiiiiiii-sioiK  rs  fvoiii  (Mii-ri— ; 

"  ■:■:'/  A/iil/.  1  llii^  monilni;  liii>li  a  riilr  wiili  ticiurai  Scliiiyl.T  acni-s  llic  iHirtii'.'c.  iir  fnmi  llii' 
liiiil'in-  place  al  tlii'  h.itlcini  i.f  I.ali.'  (i.''>r,'.>  t..  Ticoii.l.n-'-M.  Tiu'  aiidiii'.'  pla.v  is  pr..p.T!y  mi 
llw  river  «liicliniiis  out  ..r  l.ikc  (ieoru  ■  liit'.  I,al<  •  (Miampiain.  aii.l  may  lie  a  mii<'  ami  a  Half 
from  llie  place  wlure  tile  foriii.'r  m  ly  l)e  saiil  to  teniilnaf,  i....  vvliere  tile  lake  is  eontraeted  into  a 
river,  as  a  enrreiit  and  sliaiinu-  water.  Tlii-  rivr.  .  .nnpiilin..'  its  len-lli  from  tlie  aforesaid  spot 
to  the  fool  of  tlie  falls  at  tlie  saw-mills,  and  Its  vvindiiiL's,  whhh  are  iiii-onsiderahle,  is  not  nior,. 
than  four  or  tlvemih.s  ion....     Krom  the    foo*  of  th,.  saw-mill  falN  th..re  is  .stillwater  into  Lake 

Cham in.    It  is  at  the  foot  of  these  f.ills  tliat   the  tmtteauK.  l>rouu'hl  over  land  are  ,anii.  Iied 

into  the  water,  and  the  artilhry  and  th  ■  apparatas  l,..lo:e.Mn,Mo  it  are  ein -arked  in  .hem:  ihe 
.lores,  sueh  as  provisions,  hall,  powder,  ete..  are  emharked  fioii.  T,eoi,den..-a.  At  six  y  or 
Keventv  vards  below  the  saw-mill  there  is  a  brid.'  •  over  tlr.  riv..,-.  This  hridu'e  was  built  by  ,h. 
Kill"  diiriie.' the  last  war;  the  road  from  th,.  landin,'  plie.  b.  Tieondero.-a  pas-es  over  t.  an, 
vou  hen  have  the  river  on  the  ri.ht;  when  yon  have  p.ssed  the  hrid.,.  V-'/'-'-''-'^^-'' '■';'' 
u  prellv  hi.di  hill,  and  k.ep  ase,.„dln.' till  yo:.  re  .eh  th'  fa.,  .as  Im-  mil-  by  the  M  .  a  in  the 
Ustwar.w^iieh  Abeierombie  was  so  infatuate  1  as.,  a.ta,.|.  with  ,na-ke,ry  .mly--h,s  .annon 
vius  Ivini;  at  tlie  brid-e,  oliout  a  mile  or  something'  better  fr,,ai  tliese  hues. 

The  event  of  tho  day  Is  ton  well  know,,  to  he  montionel:  w,.  lo^t  tiear  1^»'  •"";'■  "^'J.  'I;;  ^l; 
,10,1  h,...„  brondir  np  the  Freiieh  wonhl  not  have  waited  .,.  1. ;  "'ta.'Ueh  d        ;    '-    ^  ^  ' 
l.lo  t.,  sneeee,!  a.ainst  tlwse  lin,.s  with  small  arms  .mly.  partienlarly  in  th,-  "  '   "       ''«  >  V 

,aeked-onr  anny  passin.  before  tlvm.  and  r ivin.  a  Ire  fr -m  "^  ""': '/ •;     '  ;  J^  "    ;; 

had  it  ma,vl.,.,l  I.v.v.t  down,  or  to  th  ■  n  -rth  ves,  of  th -e   In  -   ,t  w  v.  d  ha    ■  '';,',';•,,     J, 
vereeonstrneteilof  lar.-e  trank-  of  tr,.es,  f.dled  on  eieh  other  with  earth    »''^ '"";""-;     ^ 

hem     On  the  ^ide  next  the  r,vneh  tro.ps,  ,hey  hi  1.  besides  fellin..'  Ire,.s,  loppe.l  a  .,1  sl.a  pened 

:brl^:h!:.  ilnd  mme  1  them  tov  irds  „ „.my.    Th,.  trnnks  of  tli,.  t..es  --...-■;-->, 

,,ilodupa.sdesmb,.d.hntarefa.-  .oin.  f.  .leeay.  .V  s  .  n,  asy,,..  .alter  '  -  '"  '  "^1  , 
n  fail  view  of  Lak..Champlain  ami  Tieon-len..,..  Fort,  distant  nboii  a  ■piart,.r  of  n  '''^ ;;  ^  "^ 
Ld  from  tm.nce  ..radnal ly  d..  .lines  to  th,.  spot  on  whieh  tl,..  fort  i^  milt.  .  .  .  T.--ul .  n 
iH  !„  a  rninous  ...nnlition;  it  was  one.,  a  toU.r.ible  fortilleation.  T  ...  rani,,arts  ar,^  a  1 
.tone  I  saw  a  few  pi..<...s  of  eannon  m..nnt..,l  on  one  bastion,  more  for  show  I  ap,,re  i.ii.l.  .nan 
X  I  tho  present  state  of  affairs  this  fort  is  of  m.  ..th,.r  use  than  as  an  n.tr^H  or  nu.a- 
Lne  for  .tores,  an  from  tills  place  all  supplier  for  onr  army  in  Cana.lu  are  shipped  ,o  .o  down 
Se  C hampla  n.    I  «««•  four  vc.sel..  viz:  three  «:Uoo„er«  nnd  oue  .loop;  these  a.e  o  >,.•  urmeU 


010 


i.oris  josKi'ii  hi:  Mi>.\'rt'A/..\r. 


Th."  Fiv:wli  .•  .:is,'.'rat.«<l:x  wl.  .!.•  -lay  to  tlHisdcnin  work  of 

int.'nin-r  lli.'i.-  l>.i-'i<'  'l< 'I'l-     '''''"""''^  ''"'  ''"""'""''  ''"^  ''T' 
v,:,nithvlv  small,  ii  was  an  .■iM.rnu.iis  loss  fur  tl..- sfni-lnit; 
colony  of  Canada.     This  sad  work  was  mccouiikuiumI  l.y  n.il 
itarv  hnnursaii.l  til.' i.iay.'isof  tii.'Clniirh 

\t  th.^v.M-vsututnit  <•!■  th'  l.iv.stwork  which  had  wit- 
nessed tlio  «Uiiu-'itor  of  Hu^lanrstiaiiu'd  and  st.il.hom 
roh..its,th.'  p-K.i's  M-.ntralm  lais.-d  a  majestic  ('i'..ss  to  n;ii- 
der  .udoiT  to  the  «..d  of  vir-tory.  To  it  h.'  attached  this  in- 
scriptiou: 

•M)ni.  I)i\-.'  <^■ll)  Mii.i>?  Qnn  htiiafv  in(ii.ntia  i.iuna? 
Knsiumm:   Kn  vkTi.iil   Diasiiic  l)i;is  iisi;  tu.  mimiat. 

Tho  "rnnd  victi.rv  of  Tic.n  lero-i  pave  Canada  safety 
for  Iheyar  ir.Satoa^'  the  line  of  the  lalu>s,  bnton  tho  ..tlier 
two  scenes  of  warfare  the  En,";lish  were  snccessfiil.  Loins 
l)iir^'  and  Fort  Dnqne^no  were  taken:  and  it  was  Iviiown 
that^'ritt  was  resolved  to  renew  the  attack  on  Canada  ii;  tlM 
next  year  with  still  larj^^er  forces,  h'd  l)y  alder  and  l.ohh-r 
generals.  Abandoned  by  the  French  Governm.Mit,  tlie  gal- 
hint  .>[ontc:ibn  prenir^l  to  do  his  duty  to  the  hist,  and,  in 
Ills  own  words,  "resolved  to  find  a  grave  under  the  rums  of 

the  colony."  ,    ,        ^         i 

Though  convinced  of  the  hopelessness  of  the  struggle 
which  lie  was  left  tn  maintain,  and  certain  that  he  must  in- 
evitably be  crushed  sooner  or  later  by  the  enemy,  :Nrontcalm 
found  consolation  in  the  thought  that  the  coiKiu.'st  of 
Canada  would  eventually  prove  a  more  injurious  blow  to 
England  herself  than  to  France.'  He  had  the  sagacity  to 
loresee  and  foretell,  that  as  soon  as  the  English  coh.msts 
in  America  were  relieved  from  the  pressure  of  a  hostih^ 
Fi-ench  power,  they  would  feel  themselves  independent  of 


,o  k,Ti.  II...  ...asl.TV  of  tl...  hUo  in  cas,-  wo  .l.o,.l.l  lo^o  St.  .Tol.nV  nn.l  hv  driven  o„t  of  Cana.ln:  in 

,|,..„.'a..1in..Ml..yuillb.  c-.,.ploj..l  in  u..rvi..S5  Hipplics  t„  o..r  tro.,i-  ...  tl...t  co.....ry.-l  p. 

""  i"\Vl.irl.  .nav  !»■  tl.n.  translat.Ml:  "  What   han  tl.r  Cn.Tal  <lo„..?    What  l.avo  tho  Pol.li.Ts 
rtou..'  To  what"  1....-IK.SC  havo  thrs.  ....orn.o...  trees  bee..  ov.r..,r„euv     |,,1.„1,1  .!.e  true  .tai.durd! 
UehoUl  the  eo..(i.ieror!    Her.',  i.  is  Cio.l,  it  U  Go.l  lli...>e:r  who  l.a>  ln..i..l.l.ea." 
3  See  lii3  letter  to  M.  Mole,  cited  iu  the  Appendix  to  Wurb..rton,  p.  CUT,  Vol.  11. 


ja\ 


r.ot'lS  .lOsKVU  HE  MOSKWDf. 


C>\ 


ciiiii  work  of 
w  was  coin- 

• 

icli  ]i;i<l  wit- 
iiil  stiil)lii»rii 
['I'oss  to  ivii- 
I'lictl  this  iii- 

I.KINA'.' 
IMl'llAl'."' 

[Uiatlu  siifi'ty 
ton  tlie  otlirr 
sfiil.     Louis 

t    -.VMS    IvllOWU 

JaiKid.i  ii;  tiM 
r  iiuu  lioldcr 
iicnt,  tlio  j^iil- 
1  last,  and,  in 
r  tlio  ruins  of 

the  stmgfi'lo 
t  liH  must  in- 
ny,  ^fontcalin 

COlKlUt'St    of 

lions  blow  to 
e  sasaoity  to 
lish  colonists 
!  of  a  liostilo 
idopendent  of 

Ivon  niit  of  Canadn!  In 
in  tliat  coiiiilry.— I'p. 

lull  liiivi'  the  (>nl(lii'ri; 
Kild  l!io  true  stamlurdi 
lilinl." 

Vol.  n. 


English  pr.)t('ftion,  and  that  thfir  ivv(.ll   tiurainst   Kii,L,dand 
would  It'  tht'  sii'fdy  ifsull  of  iliat  fi'dinu'. 

'PhcillnsfrioiiH  Fivnch  (o-nciai  niiidf  this  r.'inar];al)l<' piv- 
diction  o!dy  a  I'fw  days  l)i'l'(nv  ids  own  ilriiili,  and  ulirn  lie 
knt'w  hinisl'lf  to  be  a  doonitMl  man.  Lik.'  tlic  proplu'cy  of 
tlio  dyin.i,'  Ib-ctor,  tli.'  pr'vliction  oi'  th.-  fallint;  (hd'eudrr  of 
Canada  was  spcivliiy  ami  couipii'lt'ly  n-aiizt'd.  Tlu'  sur- 
render of  C.>rn\vallis  an  I  liis  Ivi^lisli  n-uiuicnts  at  Voik- 
towu  followed  within  twenty-two  years  of  the  victoiw  of 
Wolfe  at  Quebec. 

Oftlu!  tlmu'  F,n,u;lisU  armies  wliieli  assailed  Cauada  in 
17.V.»,  two  were  so  faf  kept  in  check,  thai,  thouuh  they 
gained  advantau;es,  they  were  unable  lo  reach  Quebec  aud  co- 
opora.'e  in  its  rednctieii.  And  had  ihe  ihird  i-ln.niish  army 
been  coninianded  by  an  ordiiairy  f>eneral,  that  alsoAyuld 
have  I'ciMi  bsdlled  and  ont-eiicraled  by  the  skilful  tactics  (»f 
Montcalm,  and  compelled  at  the  apiiroach  of  winter  to  retire 
from  the  nncaptnred  walls  of  the  Canadian  capital. 

Even  aicainst  the  frowns  of  iiievitable  nnsfortuneand  theiro- 
niusof  \Volfe,w5th  an  army  of  chosen  troops,  th.'.ureat  Mont- 
calm loni!:  maintained  the  advantage  ;  and  on  tiie  last  day  <.f 
July,  he  save  the  liritish  (ieiieral  a  severe  r^'pulso  in  an  at- 
tempt made  to  storm  the  French  lines  at  M(>ntmorenci. 

When  at  lent^th  Wolfe  succeeded  in  placim;  his  army  on 
t]i(3  Plains  of'^Abraluun,'  above  Quebec,   the  .Marquis  do 


t  ,1K.  Plain,  of  A.,mham-.o  this  ,l:.y  a  v,..  ...n.non  .itna,,.,!   .m.,.  "'-';'''-;;;;-. ■;';;"■'' 
,„ili,arvw,„-k.  which  cnmn  tlu'  snmMilt  of  (■„,:•  Diamont.  .in.  tly  al.n.  t  »•  ctj  o      .u  "    .     A 
...  .1    -.w.i'i-Mn      Till.  .'nniiKl  «liiTi'  tic  liatlf  wa"  foUL'lit  ir- not 

inoniinicnt  niark^'  tlic  s|.(it  wlicrc  \\ol  ;•  >-ll.     Tin   Lmnnn  """  .„,.iiTmMl 

..Mtirclv  l-vd.  iMit  .omrwliat  nncvM  an:i  Inv.kcn  in  .ipiicaiMnc.     I  lie  V  rend,,  it  v  ,  "'-  '    ' 

,1„.  lii.M.r  uTonn,!  tuvvanl.  tlic  -Lv.  I.'it  this  wa^  tlic  only  a.lvanfi.c  .Ley  '"';:''7'';..,,^, '';'';;; 
fore  was  i,.r...iy  mail.,  i.p  of  -nilitia  an.l  Indians.  As  n..:.n h  .1,,.  '';'"'';?;;''  ;;'';.,^. 
learn,..!  ami  very  accnralo  ant!ior  of  '.Montcaln,  en  Canada  "  pnts  t!,..  I-.i.-'lish  '  <  '•'^-^  >"  ; 
til,.  rr,.ii.l.  at  l..m    TlH.  Knu'lish  fon-o.  it  ,n,i<:  b-.  r...nen.l,..v..a.  insisted  ol  pi.^k,,!  ,u..i,.-tlu 

viTv //(^c  of  till' iinny.  ,  ,,.     ,  ,  ,  ,„  ,,,ij 

li  is.nrions  to  notice  how  aiithorilics  .lillcr  as  t,.  the  niin.hcr  of  troops  o,.'  each  M,k  i«  tlu^ 

'"ilirn'a  lllves  the  French  n.i^XI;  the  Enulish  xm.  (iartican,  the  l-r..nch  I.r-M  the  KiHW, 
Kmy  I!,.atson.  the  French  r.,W;  the  Kndi-h  l.HiS.  Dusstc-...;;,  Ihc  tri'Mcli.  I..H)l,  ih,'  I.h.-'I.>" 
S.im    Hawkins,  the  Kri.iic'i.MlOO.  the  Eni.'lish.l.M'Vl.  ■i„,k-,.v 

Tlir  IlL-nres  yivcu  by  tiarneau  to  the  Ei.glish,  an.l  by  llcat.ou  to  the  French,  are  cvidenllj  c  >. 
a;i'.;crated. 


01-2 


lOi'lS  JOSKIHI  ItK  MOSrCM.M. 


^funtciiltii  ItMl  Ills  r.'t'l)!.'  force  to  tlu-  (Icsix'riitoiimlf'rtiikiri^j; 
of  ilislod.uinK  tlu-  Kn^'liMli--l)y  wliich  uIoiih  tlu'  rity  could  lu; 
saved— with  as  much  impetuous  valor  as  he  luul  i)reviously 

.shown  caution  and  coulncs.s.     Jiut  tli<!  rt'sult  of  W ncoun- 

tcr  between  Wolfe's  caiefully  ciioseu  veterans  and  "M<»nt- 
calm's  live  weak  Frcncii  hnttalions  nMn«;Icd  wilh  disonh'rly 
])eas:intry  •'  could  scarcely  be  doubtful.  The  p'uius  of  no 
one  nian'could  iitive  chnnged  (he  ti(h' of  vi<'tory;  and  Can- 
a(hi  s<  ,>n  became  a  part  of  the  British  empire' 

Early  in  the  action,  .Montcalm  was  striifk  by  a  musket- 
U)\\\  but  with  dauntless  courage  he  continued  to  cheer  <m 
hi,:t  men  that  fouulit,  and  to  rally  those  who  lied,  till  he 
received  a  second  l)ullet.  lie  fell  mortally  wounded.  As 
he  was  borne  into  (Quebec,  some  women,  seeing-  the  blood 
llowiiiLC  fr«»m  his  wounds,  exclaimed:  "The  Marciuis  is 
killed!"  lie  ,i;raci(>usly  reassured  them,  and  told  them 
not  to  feel  anxious,  as  it  was  notliin,i;-  seiious. 

On  bt>in^^  taken  t  >  the  residence  of  the  sur;.'V(m  his  wound 
was  pronounced  mortal.  "Il(»w  hm.i,^  have  1  yet  to  liveT' 
cahnly  demanded  the  dyinu;  hero.  "Ten  or  twelve  hours, 
at  the  most,"  r«'plied  the  suriie(jn.  "The  shorter  the  bet- 
ter, returned  Mi>ntcalm;  and  he  added,  "at  least  I  shall 
not  see  the  Kuiiiish  in  Quebec." 

Addressing  iiimself  to  De  Uame/.ay,  the  next  in  command, 
lie  said,  "To  your  care  I  connnit  the  honor  of  France,  and 
the  task  of  seein-^  that  my  little  army  shall  retire  to  ni<iht 
above  Cape  Rouge,  in  order  to  rejoin  the  forces  of  De 
Bouganville.  As  for  me,  I  am  going  to  pass  my  time  with 
God,  and  prepare  foi'  di-ath.  I  leave  the  affairs  of  the  King, 
my  dear  master,  in  good  hands." 

One  of  the  very  last  acts  ot  Montcalm  was  to  write  with 
his  own  trendding  hand  to  the  Knidish  (Jeneral  Townsend, 
the.se  words,  so  worthy  of  his  great  heart: 


'  Till  French  liclrt  out  for  iilmiit  »  yi-nr  iiftcr  tlii"  1)Ulllo  of  tlic  I'liiiiiH  of  Abnilmm.  On  tlif  Hth 
o(  Sfpi.  iibcr  iTiK)  till  term-'  of  cupituliitioii  v  ■:■■  ■  iunn'ii  liy  liolli  luirlic",  mid  l<y  this  iiit  nil  Caii- 
aila  Aii-i  liimili'il  ovci  to  Eiiylaiid.  Tlie  "urticij-.  of  cupltuliitlun'  cuu  bu  bcuu  in  tlii.'  aiuieiiillx  of 
'  Dl'  Moiitculiu  en  t'unadu." 


■i^. 


Lons  JOS r: nil  dk  ynnsTCAUT. 


(51  :j 


indcrtiikirij? 
ity  could  1)0 
])i't'vl()nsly 
till'  cncoiin- 
uid  "Mollt- 
i  disorderly 
'y\\\\\H  of  no 
f\,  and  Caii- 

'  a  iimslxct- 
to  cIkm'I'  on 
tied,  till  lie 

iiiiKli'd.     As 

<x,  llic  liliMid 
Marquis   is 

I   told  tliciu 

n  his  wound 
et  to  llvfi" 
reive  hours, 
iter  the  bet- 
east  1  shall 

n  coniniand, 
I'laiK'i",  and 
lire  to  niuht 
)rces  of  De 
ly  time  with 
of  the  King, 


''The  humanity  of  the  Kuiilish  tran<iuilizes 
,ne  in  relathm  to  the  fate  both  of  th.'  Fren.h  prisoners  and 
the  Canadians.  Have  for  them  the  sentiments  winch  in- 
spired nivseir.  Let  them  iM.rceive  m.t  tluil  ihey  liave 
rhan-e.l  nuisters.  1  was  their  ['atlier;  b.>  you  tlieir  pro- 
tectol'." 

lie  now  occupied  himself  with  m.thinw  but  the  int.'rests 
,d"  .■terniry.  With  .!-e  most  lively  sentiments  of  taith  and 
pietv  tlw  dyin-  .■.m.man.ler  received  the  last  Sacraments  of 
therhurch,  ami  ..n  the  mornin-  of  the  14th  of  September, 
17.V.)  the  (lav  after  the  battle  of  the  Plains  <.f  Abralunn 
1,..  ivmlered*  back  his  soul  to  »iod,  at  the  aj-e  ol  lorty- 
ri'dit  vears.  Montcalm  was  a  Catholic  h.>ro  whom  l-rance 
n,av  proudly  rank  with  lu'r  St.  L(uns  and  her  Clu'vaher 
Jiayan.,    a    truo    knight,    "without    fear    ami    witliimt 

''T'*waH  small  in  stature,  but  his  ligure  was  manly 
and  ele.rant.  A  pnlr  of  extrea.ely  bright,  large,  and  lively 
eves  lighted  up  his  open,  handsome,  and  most  expressive 
,;„„,tenance.  An  l..<lian  <-hief,  astonished  that  a  man 
who  ha.l  ac.-omplished  such  extraordinary  things  was  not 
of  .rreater  stature,  ."xclaimed  on  seeing  th.'  Marquis  lor  le 
lirst  time  -.  '"Ah '.  you  are  small,  but  1  see  in  your  eyes  th.> 
vivacity  of  the  eagle." 

In   tiie   city   of   (Quebec  several  monuments  have  been 
erected  to  the  memory  of  this  illustrious  soldier. 


0  write  with 

1  Townsend, 


)rnlmm.    Onttu'Hth 

I  Ia-  this  iii't  nil  Caii- 

II  in  tliu  ainii'iiiUx  of 


COMMODOKI'    lOlIX  BAKKV, 

•r  I  i  I ;     I  •  A  T 1 1 1 : 1 1  I  >  I'  'I'  I  n:  a  m  i;  u  i  ( '  a  n  n  a  v  y."  ' 


('II  A  I'TKlt    I. 
iiATTi.iNt;  rni:  I  ur.r.iHiM  un  tiii:  (tcKAV. 

y^</VV'.s-  hhlh  rl'in    in   Jrrloml  -Ills  hm^  of  (hv    nmm- 
li,n,n,r.s  a  snilnr-Mntx    Washintifon      T/,r  li<  vnluhmi 

—  liiirnfs  Imhl,  I  „fui>risii,ii  -yin/  /v7////v""".'/ "  ./'' '  ^ 
_„  T/ir  '•'  S/iirs  tiiitl  Shl,>rs'  /mis/,  >l      Tin  Jlisf  ( 'iii>(iirr 

—  Fiqhfimi  i»,  Ihr  Ihl<iir<;r<  L<>,;l  lloii'r  hi,  s  /"  hrih,' 
J{(irii//iinif/'s  /lo/t/r  imsirn-  riif/ifi/i!/  irif/t.  liltJr. 
hitiils  mill  ildiitinil  (I  hrilliiliif  riffoi'i/. 

One  of  tlic  truest  liciocs  ol"  tin'  Hrvoliitioii  was  John 
linriy,  the  I'lillit-r  niid  foiindt'i'  ol'  tlif  Aiiifricaii  Nmn y.  Ho 
uas  i)orii  ill  tilt'  yt'ar  17  I.*.,  in  t!».'  scasi.lf  parish  ol"  Taciiin- 
sliant',  frontini;'  on  the  broad  AUantic.  In  Ihf  county  ol" 
Wi'xl'ord,  Ireland,     ills  father  was  what  was  termed,  "a 

stum'  farmer." 

'Hie  purest  principles  of  che  Catliolic  faith  w.-re  deeply 
iuipressedupon  th(!  mind  and  Ju'artof  the  youthful  IJarry, 
and  bri.^htly  1  hey  slume  forth  throuf-hout  his  whole  lif«\ 
The  luune  of  liis  birth  was  so  near  the  beach  that  "he  had 
l)\it  to  step  out  of  his  own  door,  to  stand  beside  the  swi." 
As  liis  eye  daily  swept  the  majestic  Atlantic,  the  mind  of 
the  ardent  boy  expanded,  and  he  conceived  a  great  fond- 
ness for  a  life  on  the  oc^>:in  wave.     His  father,  noticinj;  the 


1  Chief  nutlmrltlox  uhciI  :  Clivrkc '•  M.'iiinlr  of  Commodori' .rohii   D.irrv,  r.  S.  M.:"  Cdopor, 
"  Niivnl  HlHtory  of  the  Vivil.'tl  StuU'S  :  "  Mclioi', "  UiHtory  of  Irish  SfttkT»  In  Ain.nci." 

015 


im 


ri'}!V!t,'}iifU:  JOIIX  IIMlin' 


tllrtTtlon  uf  his  luilimiitorH,  jtlacxl  hlni  on  Ixmnl  of  a  mnr 
rliiintm:in;    im«l,    fit    ui».mt    f.iintf.'ii   \.'iin   of    ii„m'.   .I"lin 
IViir\  Im  ziin  «'•  ''itil  P'^'^'^'ii'v  iM'tsvi'fii  IMiiliid'li'liiiiuiMl  »li<' 
MrliiHli  |Miri»». 

l\y  H.'ir  fiilfinv  im<l  lll<'lily  »'•  Miify.  Ik'  h»«*.'  iiipliIlN  in 
lii^  rlin^ni  piof...-,!..!!  ;  idul  nf  fli  •  lU' •  «'!'  Iwviily  \\\r  li«' 
wtis  rMplii'm  "I'  III'"  ///"'■^''  /'ihi'-r,  i.iiiM.r  ilh'  »i<"«t  piicki't 
v,.s«,..|s  of  tliiit  •liiy.  Thi'owii.i  uf  tlih  ship  \\;iH  Mr.  M.Tt». 
.liili.  ..r  lMiil:i<l''lplii!i.  :it  w  lnwf  liuiisi-  \V:i-liiiiufnii  wiis  iitt 
orciHioM!!!  visiiMr.  II 'f.-  '-ill-  K.iili<'i'..t'  lii,(*,.;iiiirv  "  llrst 
tii.'t    III.' y«mnj<.H;iilor,  "aiul   niaiU.-d    lli''   linm.-   ('<.miii.)- 

«lr»l'i'." 

\i  tli.'bivaUliiu'oiil  ..r  tli*>  ir-voliifiuiiary  War.  i'ai'tain 
H.iri'v  waHu  iMNHp'iMiH  man.  ariiwiy  cMtrai.n'd  ii\  his  |':i-...r- 
it..  I'lDfi'Hsion,  and  lajatlly  anpiiiiiiK  a  I'c.immi.'.     r.ul  «'aily 

i-:  I77.'i.  li.M'^|)iiiH.',l  tli.MMUsi'  <»l'  II |>|.ivss.'<l  Aiiit'i'icau 

rolunh.H  and  .-nil.aiU.d  Ids  all  in  llu-  Ntniwl''w  "I"  I'l** 
adupt.'dnmntry.  N)  Ani.Tirari  Navy  was  tlM-n  in  .'xlstcmv. 
(,'<ini:r''ss  ituHsi'sscd  n<»  ships. 

Captain  Hairy,  ii«>\\<'v«'r,  was  t*w  of  tlioso  Iwdd,  ♦Mitcr- 
prl^la,'  spiiits,  suir.'d  t..  llm  .'xiir.'m-ii's  of  tli.'  tini.'s.  and 
wril  lirti'il  for  brinuin.ir  into  .'xistt'iuv  an  infant  navy,  which 
Avoul<l  trav.-l  tlw  tiacUh-ss  path  of  -lory  on  tla-  hi.uh  s.-a.s. 
II..  at  oiwv  al.andon.-d  Ihr  I'lcialiv.' piirsiiits  in  whirh  ho 
had  lu-.-n  so  fi)rtiinat.',  in  '-rd.-r  to  hazar.l  all  in  a  v.-ry 
doubtful  n.nt.'st.  He  pno  up,  to  us.'  his ..  n  niaidy  wonls, 
•Mil.'  tin.'st.ship  andth.'  first  eniploy  in  Anifrica,  and  .'ii- 
tcn-d  into  tin*  st'i  vicf  of  his  naintiy." 

Towards  thi'  closi- (d'  tlip  yoar  1775,  Congress  pundmsod 
wvoral  nu'rclmnt  ships,  witli  rlio  vi»nv  of  having'  th.-ni  has- 
tilv  titt.'d  up  ns  vivs.sels  of  war,  and  comniitt.'d  t<.  Captidn 
Barry  tli.>  .-qiiipnient  of  this  Ih'ot  -the  first  that  sidled 
fronriMiilaiU'lphia.  At  tli(>  same  tinu',  ho  superint.'n.hMJ, 
by  the  authority  of  tho  Philadelphia  Comniittoo  oftSnfety, 
the  building  of  a  State  ship  for  the  i.ublic  service.  In  the 
new  s.piadron.  Captain  Barry  received  the  command  of  the 
\mn<:Lrxfnf/foii,ot  sixtei-n  guns,  then  lying  in  the  Dela- 
ware ;  and  Paul  Jones  entered  as  first  lieutenant  on  the 


'f 


COVMOftonK  J"//v  /'•/•'»''' 


•n? 


(l  of  a  iinT- 

ii'jrc.   •lull II 

iliiiiunil  itiu 

i'ii]ii<ll\  ill 

•IllN    I'lM'    lit' 

s  Mr.  Mt'it'- 

lull     WIIH   III! 

ml IV  "  liiNt 
i(«   ('(iiimio- 

ur,  ruptiiln 
n  lii"<  r:r."»r- 
Hill  I -ill  I  y 
il  Amt'iifiui 
;;,ichi    of     Ills 

n  I'xlsfciict'. 

iMtld,  ♦*nt«'r- 
'  tiiiH's,  iiiid 
navy,  which 
»•  hi.uii  st'M.s. 
ill  whicli  he 
11  in  a  vt'iy 
laiilv  won  Is, 
icM,  antl  t'li- 

s  purchased 
i;j  thrni  hiis- 
l  to  CajttJ.iii 
thai  siiilcd 
IH'riiitendiMl, 
?o  of  Safety, 
v'lco.  Ill  thn 
iinand  of  tho 
in  the  Dehi- 
rnant  on  the 


I 


Aff'rnf.  Wh.'i.  Ih.'  Ih.u  ..f  11'"  «  "I""  ^^'"*  "'*"^'  adopted  by 
Toauiess  th..  I.>r!„tll"n  and  the  M/tnl  sveiv  t!,e  tl.«*t 
shll.H  Ihar  hoht.ul  uth.at  that  ll.'W  el|«.lwil  «'f   fieedom. 

\l  Ih.-  llm.'.  ...iiToaHi  x^aH  ^tivatly  inf-Med  l.y  iheeneiny  s 

Hiuall  .•nil....,     Cai'"'"'"   »»'"'>  ''''^'^''"^  '":'"'"  •"  '" ' 

fonea.  and  .lea.  our  waters  of  Miirli  n  m.'H...ih  ann..yan.v. 
This  e.annds.h.u  wan  with.-ut  any  ein.duin.'Mt.  I.ul  wa.HH.,no 

,he  less  ,e„dllv  a pt.'d  hy  th..l..av...  pafri-th-.  and  -r..n..r 

Oils  heail-d  Irislia.an  ;  nm-  wan  h..  .hiunl..d  l.y  th-  hi.-l  Ihaf, 
„,.  K.edish  Hhip  ..t  forty  two  ^n.ns  and  two  fri«aleH  w.w 
xvai.-hfMllv  .rui^iim  uh.ui.'  iIm'  n.p.-^  .d'  il.e  helavyire. 

In  th-'tnhNt  ..f  llii-  li"-iil"  foir...  i'aptam  IV.iry  sUill^ 
fullv  an-oinnli^hed  hi^  mission.  Ile^d.-s  rapl.nii.i;' several 
„f  'tl„-  ..neiav's  sn.alh'r  rruis-rs.  and  f-aviny  ih.-  ivnt  of 
th.Mu  (..  lMli.''Hli."ll.-i'  ii«  1-".  '•"•  /"•'■'".'//""  I"<'ll  "I  Willi  rh.| 
h:,hn,nf,  anarnu'd  t.-nd-r  ..f  th-  l.ir, qu,,,!.  A  .-h-se  and 
Hpirited  .-oafHt  onainvd  It  lasted  n.-arly  an  h-air  an.l  r-- 
Halted  in  the  .'aptaiv  of  th-  Hhivtnl  l.y  Hi-  l.mnjln,, 

This  air.ir  is  worthy  of  not.',  an  tll.^///•.v/ <'a|.tur-  ..f  any 
vess..|  ..r  war  l)v  a  regular  Am  'rh-un  cniNer  m  l.aith'.  I  hn 
lirsi  naval  virt.irv  was  hail-d  with  ^'ival  j^.y  l.y  th-conntry, 
.,s  an  otr  set  to  tlu'  nnfortniiat. nl.'.t  of  t'onimodor.«  Hop- 
kins' s.iuailrou  with  the  (,'his'>f>  ■\ 

rii.tiia  liarrv  was  transf.'rr-'.  from  th-  Lr.riinf/n,,  toth.^ 
nmimand  of  tiio  friKatu  m»tlh<i'»^  then  In  building  at 
I'hilad.'lphia.  In  Ih' nival  .MfiMishin 'iit  ervit'l  l.y  tho 
resolution  of  Coii^Mvss.  on  ih.?  l«»lli  <d  ()<•!. .I»<M',  I77C..  ."U.- 
hracinji  twenty-six  v.-ss-lsof  various  j^rad-s.  Captain  Harry 
was  placod  on  tho  listot  Cai.taiiis.  and  h«  still  retaiia-d  the 
(.ommand  ot  the  Kf.ii'jham  Th.'  rigors  of  Ih-  wintt-r, 
how-ver,  having'  suspend-.!  navigation,  th-  Etfiiitihiiin  was 
„n-  (d  the  vessels  that  was  taken  up  tlie  Delaware  olT 
Whitehall,  in  order  to  escape  the  British  forces,  which 
were  in  possession  of  IMiilad-lplna  and  th-  forts  of  the 
river      Icedmiind,  the  Hl}lnulia,n  could  not  be  brought  into 

action.  .     Ti  11 

Hui  the  active,  energeta  spirit  ol  Captain  Barry  wouM 

not  permit  him  to  be   idle  ;  and  having  won  laurels  on  the 


lUH 


LoMMnlnniK  Jnll\   UMirtY 


(M'i'llll.  Il»»  now  fliriH'il  llh  llMifllioti  «i»  tilt'  ilrfi>tJN«'  rif  !lN 
riiiiiiiry  l»y  land,  ({I'lifinl  ('iiiluMlmlrf  hsn  iii^  nihi  I  itt'Vi'tiil 
coiiipiHilt"*  ot  I't'iiii'^ylvuniiiiis  io  ifiiiruii'.'<M'tii'riil  NN'iiNliiuK 
foil's  juriiy  flM'ii  niiH'li  riMliircil  in  nmiiln'iH  nriii  [irt'^Nrd  liy 
till*  ll'HoiMiis  ('.i|itaiii  Harry  ohtaliicd  ruiiiiiiiiiKl  i>r  u  roiii 
jKiiiy  aii'l  vii.Mc  heavy  «".imi<>ii,  ainl  ifii'liTfil  ^alluiif  iiinl 
iti.lKii'taiit  s«>rvi  OH  to  tin*  cause  in  tliat  Kl""iiiy,  ImU  liiialty 
vicioi  ioiis  ('ain|>:ii;{ti.  Mm  a<'ti'<l  as  ai<l-tl»'<'niii|»  toCailuaiu- 
ili»r,  aii'l  .11  till' imp  utaiit  o[»'i'atlons  nl  'IVt'titoii  iiM-t'lvrtl 
|iimIsi>  Tor  his  tiH-t,  rooltn'ss,  ami  n»iiia,u;t\  wliiitiiij;  tlif  ic 
i»j»f<'f  aii'l  admiration  of  t<V('iy  oiu'. 

After  till'  Ihilisli  army,  under  Lord  Howe,  Iia*l  oliijiiiied 
possession  of  iMiiliidelphia,  <'aptaiii  Marry  roiititiiied  in 
eoinmaiid  of  the  /'^/V/////r«v"  which  was  still  l«'elMmiid  in  the 
Deiiiwaie.  a  few  miles  from  the  city,  and  in  a  position 
winch  (lie  Ihitlsh  (teuerai  saw  could  he  rendered  of^-ri'at 
Mervic-  to  tlji'  roy.il  cms',  If  tli«  ves^  •!  an  I  h-r  commander 
conld  only  he  gained  over.  This  he  hail  somn  hopes  of  ac- 
complishing, since  tim  Captain  was  then  in  a  position  to 
rislv  n  iJliiax  p  >.•!  >:rilly  l>y  al»in  I  ciiiu'  ili'  piiriot  for  t lie 
royalist  c.mse.  Accoidin.yly  un  olferof  ir),<ui(('  guineas  was 
made  to('ai>taln  Harry  l»y  lioril  Howe  if  lie  would  deliver 
up  tlie  vessel,  and  to  \\\h,  was  added  lie)  t)irer  of  the 
comm;indofa  Hritish  nliip  of  the  line. 

Tile  KuL'lish  l»ril«"  was  indiitiiantly  rejecti'd  hy  the  lieroic 
Hairy,  and  lliis  iiohl.'  answer  returned,  that  "he  had  de- 
voted himself  to  the  muse  of  his  country,  and  n(»t  the  value 
or  command  of  the  whole  Hritisii  lleet  could  seduce  him 
from  it."  Kiiriy  in  1777  the  Hrilish.  uidiappily.  .succeeded 
in  liiirninu  the  American  vessels  in  tlie  l)elawa;e;  and  thn.s 
thi.'  /'llf'intflnnii  perished  with  the  rest. 

Amonjj:  other  hold  enterprises  undertaken  hy  Captrdn 
Barry  durini;  the  winter  tli.it  his  ship  lay  ice  hound  up  the 
Delaware  was  the  darin-r  plan  of  annoying  the  enemy  hy 
means  of  small  hoats  properly  nmniu'd,  which,  heinn  .sta- 
tioned down  the  river  imd  bay,  might  intercept  stipplies, 

I  Eiiiinl  tu  ulioiit  9M),IMU. 


i'lKVMHIfOlU:  JOtI\  tlAUt!) 


610 


•nMi»  of  lifi 
ist  I  «»4>vi'riil 

ll  WusllillJ^' 

ll  of  U  rotll- 

^illltUlf    iitxl 

liilt   titially 

tM('t|l|\Vlll{l* 
til    I't')'t'lv«'(l 

iiiK  tilt'   It'- 

id  (•litiiiiit'd 
tlltitiihil  ilk 
imiidI  ill  tlu) 

ll      llMHitlult 

[•♦'(l  of  ^Tt'tit 
i'<)iiiiiia!i<l<>r 
Ktjit's  of  ac- 

positiuli    ti» 

liol  Tur  I  111' 
):,iiiiM'a.H  wiiH 

)I|M  (h'liMT 
ll'tT    ul"     tll(« 

y  tin-  li<'n»ic 
lie  liiul  «l»>- 
(if  tln'  valiio 
st'diicc  liiiti 
,-,  succct'iU'd 
'(>;  and  tiiiis 

by  ('apt:. in 
Hiiul  lip  the 
«'  cnt'iiiy  by 
I,  bciiiy  Mtii- 

[»t     Hllppllt'M, 


nn.1,  In  oti^"  "f  <'<«i'U.'r.  takH  ref.>u'"  in  tli.'  nvk-i,  mo 
Nvlihli  tJM'  vt'MH».U  of  fh..  .'n.-iMy  ruiild  hot  pin.Mh' tlHm  lb' 
plaiiii"  I  audn.  .Ily  •'X'"«il.'d  M..v..ml  MirU  titfark^:  »m(  Hu-y 
Ivsultrd  In  mvrtt  daiiuip'  »••  Hi.»  .•n.'iny.  and  in  flu*  .".-uun'of 
N.ippll.'Hof  Invaluabl..  M-ivir..  t..  tli.'  Ani.iinin  ainiv. 

On  on.'  or.-a.lof.  in  paitlmlar.  Im'  lllt.d  out  fi-rn  Bui- 
llnuion  lour  row  b..al>..  and  p.-o.-.-nU'd  with  inulllml  .h.I'm 
down  th.'  D.-lasvaiv.  wlilrli  was  lilb-.l  with  tlu- »ldppinu  "ud 
Hinall.T  <Tufr  of  th.*  .MU'Miy.  Som..  alann  uas  «lv.-n  at  oiu' 
point  of  th."  panmiK.';  but  da^hin«  onward,  two  of  tli.' 
tiny  boats  pasH.Ml  on  iininjiiivd,  and  wiili  siidch-n  and 
dailuK  intn-pi'litv  tho  lltth'  f..r«v,  nnd.T  Captain  Han-y, 
tittiirU.'d  the  .'ti.'ii'iy'H  two  Mliipn  and  a  h.  (looin-r  loud.'d  with 
valiiabl.'  provisions  for  flu'  Mrifisli  lan.l  foivt-s. 

Til.'  two  Knulish  slii|is  ni«.iin;.-d  ^jx  fuurpoundors,  with 
fourr.'.'U  ni.-n.'arli:  and  the schootn'i,  which  was iittarh.-d  to 
tlu'.'n'^in.'orlnKih'lKirtin.'nt.  nioiint.'d  I'lLcht  .hiiibb'  I'ortid.'d 
four  poiind.'is  an<l  iwlv-  i'mir  i....iiid  howitz.-is,  and  was 
niaiui.-d  Willi  thirty  llii"..  hands,     faptain  Harry  had  only 

tw.'iity  .•i^;lil  ni'-n.     TIih  h..stih'  foi ,  howwtT,  was  thnAvii 

Into  dismay  by  so  siiddm  ami  dariii;,'  an  iitta.k,  and  tho 
two  ships  and  'schoon.T  soon  rapiiiilai.d  to  thf  An«.-ricans. 
Th.'  sii.l.i.'ii  app.'aram-.'  <d"  a  ll.'.-l  "I'  th."  .■n.-niy's  <  i.d'i  .v.ni- 
p..ll.'d  Captain  Harry  t.»  »>nrn  tin-  shii-s,  lait  n..t  until  Im- 
had  s.'cmvd  tlu'ir  valnabhi  raiK<>«''<.  T.»  (b'tu'ral  Washin^f- 
toll  h.'  wrote  that  he  was  d.'termia.d  to  liol.l  oii  to  tim 
schooner  at  all  hazards. 

The  cool  and  hajipy  coiiiau'e  that  insjiire.l  the  small  and 
lit  roic  l)and  is  not  alone  suHifi.-nt  toniroimt  ftn  Carry's  won-^ 
deiful  suocess,  but  it  must  bo  iwrrlbeil  to  a  ('<.mbiiiatioii  of 
darin;,'  bravery  und  consummate  skill,  by  w),ich  the 
diminutive  power  un.b'r  iiis  command  was  directed  with 
unerrin^j;  rai»idity  and  irresistUde  force.  Tlie  iropliies  of  I'.is 
vnloi',  prodiK'tive  of  no  personal  benefit  to  himself,  nor  <'al- 
culatetl  for  m;'re  display,  consisted  of  articles  eminently  ser- 
viceable to  the  American  army,  wliicli  was  Ihei'  in  ^^reat 
want  of  them. 
The  following  highly  complimentary  public   testimtjuisil 


(' 


i^ 


em 


VOMMODOIiE  JOHN  nAURY. 


r>f  thanks  wns  rorf'iv<Ml  by  Captain  Barry  from  the  Comman- 
(hn'-in-c'liief  hiniseir: 

"llKAD  QlAKTKKS,  12  Muivh,  1778. 

"To  Captain  John  Bakuy  : 

"Siii, — I.liave  received  your  I'avor  of  the  nintli  inst., 
uiul  con.^ratulat{'  yoii  on  tlie  siiccess  wlilcli  has  crowned  your 
fjallantry  and  address  in  tlie  late  attaclv  upon  tlu^  enemy's 
sliips.  Althouii'h  circunistanc(>s  have  ]»revcnted  you  from 
reaping  the  full  l)enelits  of  your  conciuest,  yet  there  is 
ami)le  consolation  in  the  degree  of  glory  which  you  have 
acipiired.  You  will  oe  pleased  to  accept  of  my  thanhs  for 
the  good  things  which  you  were  so  p(»lite  as  to  send  me, 
with  my  own  wislics  that  a  suitable  recompense  may  always 
attend  your  bravery. 

"I  am,  sir,  etc., 

"Go.  Wasimxotox.'* 


the  Commiin- 

'arch,  1778. 

)  nintli  inst., 
rowned  your 

tin*  enemy's 
ed  you  I'roni 
yet  there  is 
icli  you  linve 
ly  thanks  Tor 

to  send  nie, 
e  may  al  ways 


ilMXOToV 


-  »> 


ClIArTKU  II. 

r>T>"    \VAi:itIN<i  (»N    TIIK   OCKAX. 

]iarnirrr'fh,'>^'>mu,u,d  uftl,,  "Jtnhh/h"  -Aronfrsf  mf/i 

]i,n,rr~.\r  th.f  shurr  ru„f,sf  -Thr  CnnniKxIon  Ixi'llp 
qrninir/rf/  /.  J'nimfrr  rill,  <i  Ihilish  s.puKlroi,  -B(in;is 
wvinornhlr  n»h/,  icin  „.  Imilr'l  hij  Ihr  .sqiKulfoil. 

In  September.  1778,  Captain  Harry  received  the  com- 
mand of  the  Rnhhih,  <.f  thirty  two  ,iruns.  and  on  tlie  i>..t1i 
„f  thiit  niunth  lie  put  to  sea  I'rom  I'.oston,  liavin- a  hri- and 
sh.op  under  conv  .y.  It  ^^•as  not  hm;:  before  his  cournue 
and  skill  wen;  broU'j;]it  into  active  exercise.  1  he  urn.. 
iH-in--  fresli  at  N.  W.,  tin.  Il^'hitll'  ran  olf  at  N.  E.  Al...ut 
noon  two  stran-e  sails  wen-  discovered  to  leewmd,  about 
lil'teen  miles  distant.  The  stran-ers  .uivin,^  chuse,  Ci.ptain 
Barry  ordered  the  convoy  to  haul  uear<'r  to  th.>  wind,  and 
t„  crowd  all  sail.  Afterwards  the  stran-.>  ships  weiv  dis- 
eovered  t  )  beh.n-  to  the  enemy,  bein-  the  K'-prrniiriil, 
lifty,  Captain  Wallace,  an  I  the  UnJcont,  rating  twenty- 
two  and  mounting  twenty-eight  <iuns  _ 

Vfter  dark,  the  /i"!'/;/!,    lost   sight   of   them,  the  wind 
bein-  li-ht  and  variable.     Having  tncked  towards  th.;  land, 
UwJlah'i'lfi  cleared  for  action,  and  kept  th(M-rew  at  qaur- 
ters  all  ni'-ht.     In  the  morning,  the  weather  being  hazy,  the 
enemy's  ships  were  not  in   sight,  and   the  7la7H;/h   soon 
nvido'the  land  ahead,  quite  near.     At  noon  it  be<.une  <-lear, 
'xxvl  th(>  enemv  ^vere  di.-,cov'„M-ed  in  the  southern  board  and  to 
windward,  crowding  sail  in  pursuit.     Again  the  weather  be- 
came hazy,  the  pursuers  were  no  longer  vlslbh^  and  the 
JiMh'h/7>,  hauled  off  to  the  eastward.     At  daylight  Cai-tain 
Barry  took  in  all  sail,  in  order  to  conceal  the  position  ol 
•^  C21 


11 


coMMonoiu-:  jojix  /iMiity 

Ills  ship,  which  now  drifti.'!!  iinai-r  Iniv  poles.  Xothingbe- 
ing  visible  af  0  a.  m.,  the  R<f<i<ili  crowded  sail  again  and 
rail  S.  E.  by  Iv.  but  at  lialf-piist  nine  the  enemy  were  again 
discovered  astern  in  pursnit.  The  UnhUjIi  now  hauled 
close  npon  a -wind,  heading  at  \V.,  with  the  larboard  tacks 
aboard.  The  enemy  came  to  wind,  all  three  vessels  carry- 
ing hard,  with  a  staggering  bree/e.  I'arry's  ship  outsailed 
lier  pursuers,  making  eleven  knots  two  fathoms  t»n  a 
dragged  b(tw  line. 

The  wind  moderated  at  no(m,  when  the    Unicorn  over- 
lianleil  the  Uahi'jh  quite  last,  even  the  I'lrixriimnt  also 
holding   w:iy    witii   her.     At   4  i'.   m.  the    UnhUjh  tacked 
to  the  westward,  in  order  to  discover  the  riiicoilCn  force, 
making  in  th.s  movement  .several  small  islands  whose  names 
were  uiiknown.     To  his  great  grief  and  mortification.  Cap- 
tain Barry  found  that  not  one  of  his  crew  was  ac(iuainted 
with  the  coast,  so  that  before  h(>  could  reach  a  i>lace  of  se- 
curity, about  T)  \\  M.,   the    Unii-trn    nearly    closed.     The 
/?fr^«  /77/,howev(n',edgi'd  away  and  crossed  her  fon^  foot,  Inail- 
ing  her  iniz/.en  and  taking  in  her  stay-sails.     The   rnivorn 
showed  a  battery  of  fourteim  guns  of  a  side,  including  both 
decks,  and  now"  displayed  St.  (Jeorges   Ensign.     The  two 
ships  exchanged  broadsides,  as  they  crossed  eadi  other : 
the  Unicorn  came  up  under   the  quarter  of  the  llahi{ili, 
when  a  warm,   steady,  and  general  action  ensued,   which 
lasted  seven  hours.    At  the  s.M-ond  lire,  the  liah'njh,  having 
been  obliged  to  crowd  on  all  her  sails  in  order  to  keei)  clear  of 
the  larger  slup,  WwEvperiment,  unfortunately  lost  her  fore- 
topmast,  mizzen  top-gallantmasf,  jib  and   forestay,  which 
rendered  four  of  her  guns  useless,  and  gvi-itly  encumbered 
her  with  the  wreck,  giving  the  enemy  great  a    .antage  in 
maneuvering  throughout  the  engagement. 

Finding  the  broadside  of  the  JMcit/h  getting  too  hot, 
the  enemy  soon  shot  ahead,  and  for  a  short  time,  while  the 
crew  of  the  Rdhit/li  were  clen ring  the  wreck,  she  engaged  to 
w  indward  and  at  a  distance.  Xoc  long  afterwards,  however, 
the  English  vessel  edged  away  and  attempted  to  rake  her 
antagonist,  when  Captain  Barry  bore  up,  and,  bringing  the 


comfODoui:  joiix  iiaury. 


0:>:j 


Nothing  bp- 
ail  ngain  and 
ly  were  again 

now  liiiulcd 
rbdard  tacks 
ressels  rarry- 
liip  outsailed 
itlioms  t)ii   a 

J'nlroni  ovcr- 
»  riiitt  III  also 
hif/h  tacked 
'corn's  force, 

wliose  names 
fication,  Cap- 
is  ac(iuainted 
I  ]>lace  of  se- 

closed.  The 
:>ref()ot,  biail- 
Tlie  II n  icon  I 
ichiding  both 
gn.  The  two 
.  eadi  other ; 
the  7 fa? (if///, 
nsued,  which 
ih'hjJi,  liaving 
)  keej)  clear  of 
'  lost  her  fore- 
>restay,  which 
V  encumbered 

V '  .antage  in 

ting  too  hot, 
.me,  while  the 
;lie  engaged  to 
rds,  however, 
^d  to  rake  her 
[,  bringing  the 


ships  ahmgside  each  otlier,  endeavored  to  board;  )ut  this 
move  tiie  Un.iora,  favored  by  all  her  «-anvas  and  by  her 
superior  sailing  in  a  light  wind,  readily  prevented,  hy 
this  time  'he  other  lu.stile  ship  had  got  so  near  as  to  render 
it  certain  she  would  very  soon  close,  and  linding  it  impos- 
sible to  escape,  Ciptain  Barry  called  a  <-ouncd  of  his  ..Ul- 
cers It  was  determined  to  make  an  elfort  to  run  the 
bri"-"  asliore,  the  land  being  within  a  few  mih>s.  The 
\u7erican  vessel  acconlingly  wore  round  and  sto:.d  for  the 
islands  already  mentioned,  her  antagonist  stu-king  to  her 
in  a  most  gallant  manner,  a.nd  both  ships  all  the  time  main- 
tainin-  the  acthm  with  spirit.  About  nu.lnight.  how- 
Jver,  tlie  enemy  hauled  oir,  leaving  the  Hahhjh  to  pursue 
her  course  towards  the  land. 

Theen<"agement  had  now  lasted  sevcMi  hours,  both  vessels 
haviiK-  sulfered  materially,  particularly  the  Jlalouh,  in 
her  spars,  riuuimi,  and  sails.  His  ship  being  soon  alter  con- 
cealed bv  th'.Mlurkness,  Captain  Barry  ha.l  some  hopes  of 
<rettin-  olf  among  the  islands,  and  was  in  the  act  of  bending 
on  new  sails  f<.r  that  purpose,  when  the  enemy's  vessels 
a.^aiu  came  in  sight,  closing  fast.  The  R<>hi;il>  imme.li- 
atelv  opened  a  heavy  fiiv  from  the  stern  guns,  and  every 
human  eitort  was  made  to  force  the  ship  towards  the  land. 
The  'enemy,  however,  easily  closed  again,  and  opened  a 
heavy  iii-e  which  was  returned  by  the  Ruhhjh  until  she 
grounded,\vhen  the  EvL>i'rim-id  immediately  hauled  off  to 
avoid  a  similar  result. 

Gaining  a  safe  distance,  both  the  enemy  s  vessels  con- 
tinued their  fire  from  positions  they  had  taken  on  the 
-Rnh'.uOC>^  (piarter.  Captain  Barry,  linding  that  the  island, 
which"  is  called  AV(Kiden  Ball,  and  lies  about  twenty  miles 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Penobscot,  was  rocky  and  might  be 
defended,  determined  to  land  and  burn  the  ship,  the  enemy 
havin-  ceased  firing  and  anchored  at  the  distance  of  a  mile. 
The  greater  portion  of  the  men  had  got  on  shore,  and  a 
boat's  crew  went  to  take  ashore  the  remtvinder,  together 
with  the  midshipman  who  was  left  in  the  ship  to  set  lire  to 
the  combustibles. 


624 


COM.\fODORE  JOirX  PA  Hit  i'. 


After  waifinir  in  vain  till  diiyliglit,  it  was  (llsroveivil 
that  tlio  midsliiitiiian  luid  trcacltt'iously  oxMn^uuishcd  iIh- 
li,u:lits,  anil  siinviKlcivd  the  sliii*  lo  ilif  enemy.  The  f'/n'- 
iunii  was  Miiicli  cut  np  after  the  alVair,  and  iiad  ten  men 
killeil, !) 'sides  many  waiiude.l.  Ciptain  IViiry  saved  eif;hty 
of  his  nifn,  and  had  twenty-live  UiHed  and  wonnded.  lie 
g'ained  f^reat  credit  for  his  courage  and  persevijiance  on  thi« 
occasion.  (J.'neial  Washiim'toii.  in  Ids  acconnt  of  the 
alt'air  to  (' >aj;i'i'ss,  writes  tliat  ('iptain  liarry  n»ad(^  a  "loiii;- 
and  v.*ry  .nallant  resistance."  Jiis  condnct,  littwever,  was 
snlanitted  to  a  conri martial,  and  his  rei)ntalion  onl}' 
•  ■•aine  I  bri'hrer  Insier  bv  tlie  iiuesiii;Mtion.  The  command 
of  another  ship  was  yiven  to  him  at  the  tirst  oiipoilniiity. 

Foi'  some  time  after  his  conrageons  defense  of  the  Jic- 
JiUjh,  Captain  l>arry  was  a<'tively  engaged  in  the  i)nlilicsei'- 
vicie  in  several  voyages  to  the  West  Indies.  He  received 
the  title  of  Commodore,  being  the  iirst  American  olTici'r 
upon  whom  it  was  confencd.  in  ITv^l.  the  frigate  XllUinn', 
a  great  favorite  in  the  sevvieo,  was  placed  under  his  com- 
mand. In  Febrnary  of  that  year  lie  sailed  from  I'ostoii  for 
France,  havingon  board  Colonel  Lanveiis,  a  brave  and  distin- 
guished young  otlicer,  avIio  was  charged  by  Congress  with  an 
imi)ortant  embassy  to  the  French  Court.  Commodore  I'arry 
was  so  careful  of  his  rei)ntation  that  he  felt  great  regret 
and  liesiration  aisont  going  to  sea  with  sd  inferior  a  crew  as 
then  manned  the  .l/Z/'^y/'v.  It  is  proi)al)]e,  however,  they 
soon  became  etlicient  seamen  under  his  strict  and  excellent 

disci)  (line. 

Having  captured  on  the  outward  passage  a  small  priva- 
teer called  the  Ahrf.  the  .17//c/;/cr landed  Colonel  Jjaurens  at 
L'Oriente,  and  on  the  :'.»>th  (d"  March  sailed  on  aci'uise,  in 
company  with  the  MarqniH  dc  In  FaiH'tle,  forty,  then 
l)ound  for  Amei-ica  with  provisi(.ns.  On  the  2d  of  April 
they  fell  in  with  and  captured,  with  little  lesistanee,  two 
CJuernsay  privateers,  the  J///-.s\  !i  heavy  vessel  of  twenty- 
six  guns  and  one  hundred  and  twelve  men,  iind  the  Ml- 
ncn-a,  with  an  armament  of  ten  guns  and  fifty-live  men. 

Having  parted  company  \>  ith  the  Maniuis  dc  la  Fatjdte, 


ro}r.voDonE  joiry  n.\nnr. 


025 


(lisOOV«'lV(l 

i'ulslicd  till' 
Tlir  /•///- 
ul  tell  1H«'U 
:iV('(l  cif^lity 
iindi'd.  lit! 
ui('(.'  oil  llii « 
UMt  ol'  tlitt 
il(l<'  a  "loiii;- 
KWfVrl",  \v;is 
liiliun   (inly 

1«>  roliilMillKl 

lipoilmiity. 

of    tlu'    Ji'ff- 

(>  j)iilili<"s('i'- 
\lv  rt'ct'ivi  (I 
riciin  olllci'i' 

tt>   Allilinrc, 

vv  his  ('(mi- 
ll Ijdstoii  for 
('  tiiid  (list in- 
gress witli  im 
odoiv  litiny 
liivat  V('gi'(^r 
or  a  crew  us 
)\v(.'V('r,  ilicy 
lid  oxccllunt 

■iiviall  pviva- 
'1  rjauivns  at 
a  cniisc,  in 
forty,  then 
2d  o*r  April 
ii.staiu'e,  two 
,  of  t  we  lily - 
lid  tlic  Mi- 
-iivc  nu;n. 
;'  la  Fatjdte, 


tho  Allilinrc  continufd  licr  cruise  until  Mic  ^»  tli  of 
M:iy,  \v'Ii":i  mUo  descried  two  saih  nittkiii^  dire -tly  for 
]ici\  'I'lic  strange  vt'.ss«'ls  canic  up  after  dark,  and  liaul('(l 
upon  the  snnic  course  willi  the  M/iciin;  with  the  iiiMiiifesf; 
vi.'w  of  post ponin.ii  till*  cn^iiii-cnicnt  t(t  the  follow iii^  diiy, 
A  dcid  ciilm  prevailed  at  the  suctcedin--  daylight,  and 
when  I  lie  liiisi-  disappeared  the  two  vessels  were  seen  not 
far  oil',  with  l*..'itish  colors  ilyinix.  'Phey  luoved  to  lie  the 
slooji  111'  wiir  Miildiifii,  (.'ajilaiu  Kdwards,  nitin-'sixteen  jj,uiis 
and  caiiyiiu'  a  crew  of  one  hundred  and  thirty  men.  and 
heiMMiisoii.  rhe  liii.u-  '/'/•( //''.v.v//,  Captain  Smith,  rating  foiir- 
te(>n  <j;uns  and  carryin.t>-  a  crew  of  eighty  men. 

The  sen  as  perfectly  ciilm,  which  left  the  Al/ic/in- 
lloalini'-in  the  water  like  a  log,  without  steerage  way,  while 
the  enemy  were  enaliled  by  means  of  sweeps  to  command 
their  movements  and  .select  their  r;wn  positions.  The  hos- 
tile shijw  could  not  get  within  hailing  distance  before  noon, 
when  Coiuiiin(h»re  Marry  ordered  them  to  haul  (hiwn  the 
Ivi^disli  (M!(>"-i.  This  was  of  coursii  i'(d'used,  and  the  bat- 
tle ('omnienceil.  Vny  moro  than  an  hour  the.4//A///'r  fotight 
at  great  disadvantage,  the  enemy  being  on  her  (piarters, 
where  only  a  few  of  the  aftermost  guns  could  bear  on  them. 
This  advautugi',  increast^d  by  tlu*  calm,  at  one  time  seenu-d 
to  jiromisea  certain  victory  to  the  enemy,  for  they  liad  tln^ 
liuht  principally  to  themselves.  In  this  unfavorable  pofd- 
tion  of  thinus,  Commodore  l?arry  received  a  grapeshot 
through  the  left  shoulder,  and  after  reniiiining  on  (h-ck  for 
some  tim(^  was  obliged  by  loss  of  blood  to  be  carried  below. 
This  misfortiuw  greatly  increa.sed  the  disheartening  posi- 
tion of  the  Americans,  wh  >  were  suffering  under  the  close 
lire  of  two  spirited  and  ])erseverijig  antagonists. 

A  this  crisis  the  ensign  of  tlie  yl/7/r?//cc  was  shot  away, 
bi  thf  interval  of  loading  the  guns,  and  nt  the  same  time 
hej  lire  slackened,  when  the  enemy,  supposing  she  had 
struck  her  colors,  and  i-eckoning  the  d;iy  already  theirs, 
permitted  their  crews  to  hnive  their  guns  and  give  three 
chef»»-s  for  victory.  At  this  gh.omy  junctur(\  one  of  his 
lieutenants  went  to  Commodore  Barry  to  represent  the  great 


i^ 


(52(J 


COM  MO  IK  mi:  JOHN  UAllUY 


injiiry  tlif  ship  had  susfiiiiicd  and  th<>  diflicultios  with 
wliicli  ^.lic  liad  t'»  fiiiitciid,  and  asUcd  wlu'tlin-  I  hex  sln»uld 
Miini'U'lt'r.   "Xo,"   rt'iilit'd  tlio  C'oiiiiiKMlurc,    ••if  tlic  A\\\\ 

VA\\\  lie    I'nll^lll   uilhiillt     inc.   1    will    he    iMllii'd    nil    dicK." 

'i'liis  llirilliiii;'  aiisuci'  was  at  www  i»'|i()iicd  lo  tjir  crew,  and 
insi.ircd  ihcm  witli  iciit'wcil  ardnr  and  iicrsfvciuiirt'.  ('<ni 
ciirU'lsMy  witii  llijs,  w  liulif  hire;',!'  stnicls.  tlif  ^aiis  of  llic 
Allhiitii,  and  sliocanu'  l"airl\  iindcr  ^tci-raut'  wa\.  A  sin- 
file  ln'oaiisidc  pDnrcd  inio  liic  cacniy  chawp'd  llit>  wliulu 
state  oi"  tlie  coniliat.  and  tiie  royalists  had  \u  I'etnm  to  tiu'ij' 
^uns,  discovD'in.u"  Unit  tlie  \  ictnry  yet  icniained  lo  Ix'  wuw. 
SSh'V  a  brave  un;l  noI)|e  resisiance.  which  had  lasted  nearly 
nil  day.  a.ii  I  Iiefoii;  the  dressinu'  of  the  (!onini<)ih)iv"!i 
wonnds  woald  ]>ei  init  Iiini  t<>  reach  the  deck,  tlie  Th'itish 
vessels  sti'ticli  their  lla.u's.  'i'liey  were  hot  h  l»adly  ilijuieil, 
andsiistained  a  joint  loss  of  eleven  ni<'ii  killed  and  thirty 
\vonnd"d.  'i'he  AUhiiicf  also  was  much  daniap-d  in  liei- 
r'ifi'irinu'and  hnll,  owin.n'  principallv  to  the  life  of  the  enemy 
across  hei"  (imirter  and  stern:  Iht  loss  was  eleven  ]\ille<l 
and  twenty-two  wounded,  romaiodore  IJari'V  made  a  car- 
tel of  tlie  7'/V7>^'.v.s•y,  and  sent  hei  into  an  Mn^lish  iiortwitii 
the  i>ris(HH'rs.  hut  tlu^  Mdlanhh  was  I'eiakeii  wiiilealionl  to 
enter  IJoston  Harbor,  by  a  s(iuadron  of  the  enemy  cruising' 
off  thai   >)lace. 

In  the  eiisnln.u'  fall.  Conimodoi'e  IJarry.  in  comiiliance 
with  orders  received,  relitted  tlie  AlUa iicc  for  the  itui'pose 
of  <'arryin,!J:  the  Maicjuis  de  la  Fayette  and  Count  Noailles 
t(»  Franco  on  imjxirlant  iml)lic  business,  llavin.u'  ))erfornie(l 
that  duty,  the  (!.)mmodore  sailed  for  lliivaini,  and  coniin- 
lU'd  for  some  lime  crinsingand  rendering  important  service 
to  the  Ainerican  cause  on  th(3  West  India  station.  The  Al- 
AVr//rc  was  kei>t  constantly  in  active  service,  being  a  great 
favoi'lte  on  account  of  her  sujiei'ior  sailing  (pndilies. 

Amongst  other  services  iierfornied.  Tlie  AUidiicc  was  sent 
to  Havana  f<-r  six'cie.  Tn  ]\rarcl!.  1785.  .she  sailed  from  the 
]iort  of  Hivani.  in  company  with  tin'  Luzcruc,  Vw\^\\\\\\ 
Green,  loaded  with  a  large  amount  of  svecie.  and  with  sn])- 
plies.     Shortly  after  leaving  port,  the  Alliance  and  Lu- 


cullit^s  wiili 
lli('\  slutuld 
•  if  tilt'  ^liip 

I  nil  ilfcK." 
lit"  crew.  .IM(1 

lilllCC.        ('(HI 

!-;iiis  of  llic 
va\ .  A  sill- 
i[  the  wliolt! 
•tiiiii  lo  iiu'ir 
(1  lo  In-  won. 
lastrd  nearly 
!(»iiini()(l«>iv"s 
,  flic  I5riti^h 
ully  iiijiiiril, 
L  and  tliirty 
iap'<l  ill  lii'i" 
if  till'  ( iiciiiy 
■Icvcii  kill('(l 

iikmU'  a  car- 
isli  [lorr  witii 
hilciibdtit:  to 


I'liiy  (■rmsiii;';- 


I  coiniiiianc*' 

tllO     JJllI'llOSt' 

>iinr  Noailli's 
i,ii'  iK'i  loriiicd 
and  cniiiiii- 
rtant  service 
on.  The  AI- 
)eins  a  iiTeat 
litics. 

//t'T  was  sent, 
led  I'foni  tii(» 
;v/(",  Taptain 
nd  \\ith  811])- 
nce  and  Lu- 


io.uMojmuK  Jolts  li.xnur. 


(••Jr 


.'r/'/^' .'ncountnv.l  a  I'.iiiisli  s<iiiadn>n,  \vlii<li  jruvo  o_'r'nsl.,ii 
J\,r  a  Ihilliiiiit  trial  of  ;;i.'  C-.tinrnMloie's  naval  sUili  and 
|,ro\vesH.  The  hir^vsl  ni  the  enemy's  vessels  was  e.imd  to 
tiie  Lii:('rn.<'  in  s\vinii.-ss,  whilst  the  HnKli.^h  sh.oi.  sin- 
l)assiM|  lier.  The  (■"nqiirst  pioniised  to  j. rove  an  e:isy  one 
l',',r  til!' eii'iny.  In  oidi'r  to  la.'ilitate  their  eseape.  th<'  I."- 
:,;•„<  was  lightened  l>y  IhrowiiiM-  her  guns  overboard,  mid 
the  specie  was  tiansfeii'd  to  the  Mlimifi . 

In  the  chase,  accordin-'  to  a  irailitieii  in  tlw  service,  tlu^ 

MlhinrvVAW  lifteell  Knots  by  the  l.>u'.  with,  the  win<l  ahead. 

While  thus  eiideavoiiii;;- to  sav."  his  ].iecioiis  fn-i^iiht  I'rom 
falling  iatn  the  <'ii«'iiiy's  liands.  Coniniodore  r.arry  discov- 
ered a  sail  on  the  .l///V///'v'.v  weather  bow,  which  inrned 
nut  tab;' 11  FreiK^li  two-deck.'i'  of  fifty  .utms.  Kx-chfin,u;inu; 
sii-nals  witli  the  French  vessel,  and  mpiosing- he  w(.nld  Ix' 
.siriiiM)rt(!il  by  her,  Cotniuudore  Harry  wore  round  and  took 
his  station  on  the  weather  qiiai  t<'r  of  the  Lii:<r)ir.  As  Iho 
Jh'itish  sloop,  the  S!h;/I,  \v.\\\v^  twi'Uty  and  ni<.uiitin,u'  thirty 
guns,  eudeavor.'d  to  cl'.w  her,  lie  bore  down  mid  engaged 
the  i^ihi/L  before  thi'  otlu-r  ship  of  tli«'  enemy  could  c«.nie  to 
her  relief.  The  French  vessel,  however,  did  not  enter  tlie 
engngement,  but  kept  her  wind,  and  the  AUiauvr  \\w\  U^ 
^sustain  the  whck^  acUi.u. 

The  enemy's  guns  JInsu  been  actively  engaged  from  the 
comniencement,  but  the  guns  of  the  AUiaiin'  were  rendered 
more  efl'ectunl,  by  having  been  reserved  until  sin-  was 
within  a  very  short  distanci!  of  her  adversary.  The  action 
lasted  about  three-quarters  of  an  hour,  when  the  -sVV^/// re- 
tired and  made  signals  of  distress  to  her  consort.  The  .1^ 
liaiu-e\\y)\\'  stood  for  the  Fren(di  vessel,  and  having  .ipokon 
her,  it  was  determined  to  give  chase  to  the  enemy  and  en- 
deavor to  bring  the  two  Ihitish  vessels  to  action  again.  It 
was  soon  iierceived,  however,  that  the  French  ship  was  too 
heavy  a  sailer  to  attempt  to  overtake  the  enemy,  and  the 
pursuit  was  abandoned.  The  coolness  and  intrepidity,  n<i 
less  than  the  .skill  and  fertility  in  expedient,  which  Com- 
nu)dore  Barry  disjihiyed  on  this  occasion,  are  described  in 
naval    annals   as  trul'y  wonderful.     Every  quality  of  tho 


i 


I 


f 


('o.]f.)foiK)iiK  joif.y  nAUitv 


frrcnf  iiiivmI  rojjiiunndfr  was  l)rnnp,'ht  out  with  I'xtniordiimry 
I  rllliiiiicy. 

'I'llt'  loss  of  till'  Mliitiin  was  tlll'i'f  killed  Mild  <'ii'Vrii 
Wfniiidi'd,  wliilc  tliaf  of  tli*>  Siltiff  is  said  to  liavc  iu'cn 
tldrtyst'Vf'iiJNilicd  and  lifty  woiiiidi'd.  WIk'H  liaiifdiiy  tlic 
Hiitisli  s(iiiadi'oii  and  asl\c(l  tlic  usual  ([mstioiisas  to  llio 
sinp,  tilt)  ra]>taiii,  etc,  the  licio  <;av('  this  spirited  and  rhar- 
tu'ff'ristic  reply:  "TIk'  I'liited  States  ship  J///V/////.  saiiey 
Jack  HaiTy,  half  Irisliiiian.  half  Yankee  who  are  yutif" 
It  Is  ielat<(l  in  the  "  Annals  of  IMiiladelphia,"  by  Watson, 
tliat  '•  the  widow  of  ("iiiniiio(lore  Harry,  renieniheiiiiLi;  with 
what  <'Hteeni  her  hiishaiid  rejn'arde(l  this  shi[»,  had  a  tea- 
caddy  iiiad'-  out  of  her  wood,  as  a  luoiiieuto." 


'xtmordiiiiuy 
I  iiiid  I'li'vni 

|(»     IlllVt'     llfCIl 

liailt'il  liy  llic 
(HIS  as  t<t  till' 
t*'(l  iiiid  char- 

'fhniri  ,  HiMU'y 

()  art*  you  ', " 

liy  NN'afsuii. 

iiilx'iiiiij  uitli 

p,  had  a  t<u- 


\ 


ciiAPTi:i{  in. 

FAITIIIII.  To  tin;  KNH. 

Dijpii'iilths  hi   rrculiiin  inirjirsl  unrn  -  Ai'hhrpmnif>i  of 
f/n   iiiinj     Ihin'il  fiiiililiin  s  ol  l/n   IikdI  nf  llir  si  ri'icr 
Tin    J'liijiili-     riilliil    S/iifis    rli(isli.siiiii    tin     Fninh 
Jlilli'H'-S  ihi'n'inii    III   /lis  niinitllf—  Ills  thnllt  -Pn'Sininl 

(ipj)i  iinnii'i  (I ml  vhui'iii'lfr. 

Tilt"  (lilllcnltit's  wliicli  t'liiliiiirnsscd  the  rnininl'mii  of  a 
navy,  (liiiiiifj;  tin*  licvliiiioiiary  War,  \\»'iv  v«'iy  fj;r«'at.  It 
would  occupy  too  iiiucli  space  iii  tliis  luicl"  sketch  to  detail 
them.  The  veiy  iiatme  of  the  war.  which  was  almost  en- 
tirely coiiliued  to  laud,  inconsequence  of  the  invasion  of 
the  country  by  the  British  latid  I'orces,  was  unl'avoiahle  t  > 
iiav.il  piepiralion.  The  ]»araniounf  necessity  and  duty,  on 
till- itart of  (^inuress,  to  provide  the  means  ol"  resistance  to 
the  Mritish  armies,  h'l't  little  time  or  means  I'cr  maritime 
dereiice.  Hcsiih's,  the  enemy  were  in  possession  ol'  the 
rivers  and  ports,  espi'cially  of  the  most  important  of  all  the 
Ameri<'an  ports  for  naval  oi»erations,  tliat  of  New  York. 
So  that  only  six  of  the  thirteen  vessels  laid  down  in  the  ar- 
ranjiement  of  ()ctol>t>r,  1775,  could  ever  get  to  sea.  The  re- 
mainder  either  fell  into  tlie  hands  of  the  enemy's  land 
forces,  or  were  destroyed  by  the  Americans  to  jireveiit  that 

result. 

The  absence  of  system  and  discipline,  dissensions  about 
rank,  the  danjxerons  and  injudicious  but  iierhaps  necessary 
expedient  of  raising  saihns  from  landsmen,  ami  even  from 
the  prisoners  taken  in  the  war,  were  great  drawbacks  upon 
this  branch  of  the  public  service.  The  All/aiirc  was  the 
only  frigate-built  vessel  that  went  to  sea,  after  the  Hist  or 
second  vear  of  the  war,  with  a  full  crew.     Tliese  irreuulari- 

02\) 


(i:{ii 


inMsiniumH  joiix  iiMiin: 


ll,.H\v..uM  hiiv.'sa.Tin.'.'l  lliMt  fiivnrit.' Hliij.  ..r  ih.'U.'Volii. 
tlnii  Mii.l  Imt  pivri..ii^  fivi^ht  in  Hm-  W.'st  hi.li.-s.  Init  for 
till' iiiiivpltlily  hikI  nkiU  t.r  ('nmiuna<.r..  Hinry.  Notwiih 
srniKliiiK  tli«'s»'  (Umniltl.'s,  tliu  Infant  niivy  pilm-d  n-nown 
In  ti  n.ni.'Ht  witli  tli.-  ^nviift'^t  ni:iritiin»'  power  in  I  lie  \v(.il«l, 
iiiul  ^*(•v.•|•al  niival  li.-ro -s  won  innnoiiuliry.  'riic  lanioiis 
hisfoiian  of  III.'  navy  nicniiiohs  .lon.'>*,  Many.  Mniiiy, 
IVkMI".  Manly,  Nicholson,  Wirkt-H,  Haililiuin.-,  ('onyn;;liani, 
and  llecUtT  iiH  'MIk'  naval  naint's  tlint  liavi'  (h-wccndcil  \o 
us  IVoin  tluH  war  wlili  tin*  ^iicah'sl  ri'iaitation." 

Al'it'iiU<'l''nnui.iii""  =  ''''l"'  Kfvoluiion,  roninHuloiclJavry 
^till  ifuiaitn'd  in  th«  Hci'vlciv  mimI  al   \t^  head,  and  took  an 
uctiv«M':i>'f '"  •'''  ">"'<^'"'''^  I'.'latin-    to  thr  navy.     Dnriu;? 
tlu'ndsnnd.'rstandiniiwilhth.^  FrrnrliCJov.'inni.-nt.whicliof- 
fiision.Ml  a  partial  naval  war,  la'  ifndrr.d  .'miiM'iit  Mrviccs 
in  nn.ti-ctiimtia'  Aai.-ri.'an  lla',^  and  conmnTro  from  thrdrp- 
ivdatl<ais  of   lla-  Fivncli  pHvatoors  which  inlVsfod  tli.'scaw. 
Ills  experirnc.'  and  skill  as  a  coninunalcr  r.-ntlcicd  liis  an- 
slstanc-  and  counsel  ..f  invaluaMc  advanfa-c  to  the  country 
in  lavin-- ih.' foundations  ol"  the   presi-nt   permanent  navy. 
11,.  siicceeded  in  -ettin-  ihe  ( loveHunent  to  adopt  a  .superi<.r 
niodi'l  for  ships,  and  it  is  considered  that  the  new  arraiiMv- 
luents  then  inlrouin-ed  into  tho  servi.-e   hav(>  oft<-n  sine., 
supplied  the  want  of  iiuna-rical   ntren-th.     I'ikUt  tho  ad- 
miiuslration  of  the  elder  A<lanis  he  Huperinten(h'd  at  IMid- 
adelphia   the  buildln^r  ,.f    th.>  lino  fri.uate  f'ln'/n/  >7'/A.v. 
f„rtv4'our,  of  which  he  retained    th.e  conHnand  untd  slu, 
wus'laid   npin  <rdinary.  nnih-r  .lelTerson's  adndnistration 
The  law  of  Much -.'Tth.  17!)4,  in-ovidcd  forsix  friM'ateM.  ami 
Comniodort^  Bairv's  nanio  was  placed  at  the  head  of  the 
list    of    <-oinn.anders.     The    rnifn/   t^fahs   was    launched 
rt  Philadelphia  on   the  loth  <lay  of  dnly.   171)4,  and  was 
the  lirst  vessel  that  fi'ot  aUoat  nnd.M-  fhe  (.r^^anizationof  170-4. 
Early  in  July  the  next  year  the  ship  was  ready  for  sea,  and 
Commodore 'l^arry  proceeded  to  crnise  in  her  to  the  (east- 
ward,    lie  was  remarkably  fond  of  aidinu-  youn^-  officers  in 
tlleir  profession,  a  trait  of  character  stron.udy  indicative  of 
f  rue  <rreatne!is  of  soul.     He  carried  out  with  him,  in  his  first 


fo]nrnnnnN  Jons  fi.\nnr. 


TOl 


ih.'  Ui'vcilti* 
ii«'M,  l>iit   fur 
Nutwilh 

11  iIm'  world, 

'rilC    I'ailKMIH 

ry,     Maiiiy» 
/uiiyuuliuin, 

k'Mt't'luUll    to 

io(l(ti('lJiivry 
tiiid  took  an 
vy.  Dining 
•iit.wliiclioc- 
lent  services 
rolll  tlicdfji- 
[•«d  tli»'  wiis. 
({('led  liis  an- 
I  I  he  country 
lafit'iit  navy. 
t])t  a  wnpt'iior 
new  ariMiijU't'- 
'■  often  >in('»' 
ndt'i'  tin'  ad- 
id.'d  at  I'liil- 

lli/ll/     S/'lliK, 

\\u\  until  sin? 
ndnisiintion 
frigiiteH,  and 
head  of  tlit' 
•as  lannflied 
7114,  and  was 
;atiouof  1704. 
y  f(»r  sea,  and 
r  to  the  oast- 
injLi'  ofRccrs  in 
■  indicative  of 
ni.  in  his  first 


rrulse  In  the  Vnilnf  >7<i/'a,,  many  yunu  gentUmcn,  who 
afterwaidH  .lid  honor  to  theuiselv.'s,  their  i-rreeptor,  un.l 
th,.lr  conntry.  Ane.nK  tlienc  we  "'".y  nn-ntnm  .such 
„„„.su.s  Uos.,  .Mnnay.  .lamcn  Harron.  and  Cliarl.-sMeuart, 
wh.Mvere  the  lictenunl.  of  .1...  I'aihd  ..'/./,.v,  ami  l».;eatur, 
Sonicis.  ('alovvell,  .loneM,  ami  Cane,  who  w.-.v  In-r  nndsh  p. 
TMcn  His  -IK.V^"  UH  they  w.-re  calL-d,  «.■,.■  n.ad-  of  noMe 
Htnir.  and  th.-ir'nann-s  are  amon-Ht  tin-  l.riKlil.-st  ornanH-nIs 
(Ml  the  I  i«'H  of  our  naval  iMstory. 

■n...  (Jovernn.enI  now  resolved  t.»  send  a  stronuer  foren  to 
tlicNV.'st  Indies.   C.unmod.ue  Harry  l.oisf<l  a  Ln.ad  i.-nnan 

on  hoard  the  r>nh'l  >'A//-s%  pr -<1"<1  «<»  "'"  ''-'.^l''"" '"-l 

„,.  ,.  ,.  (.,,,.  a„a  ,|H.n  sailed  directly  l-r  the  \\  .-si  Indu-s. 
lua.ldition  to  the  lla-ship,  the  s.pn.dron  consisted  nl  thn 
7VAnr,,r.,Capt:nn  Deratur.and  the  /AvwAA  Captan.  N-ver. 
In  this  cruise  they  captured  the  privateers  sm,.  mut 
sixteen,  and  .h'lou.v,  fourteen,  and  sent  then,  in  in  the  lall 

*'\?ihe"'latt.'r  part  of  the  year  17S)S.  tl...  West  India  foree 
was  divhh'd  into  four  s.piadroi.s,  the  principal  o.  v.lii.li 
WIS  oonllded  to  CunnuelMre  Harry.  In  addition  to  tli« 
r,tifrf/ ''>'lofrs\  whh-hwas  the  lla--shil..  the  s.piadr.m  eon- 
Hasted  of  the  ron.<tihilio)i,  Captain  Nicholson;  (>r„nf,'. 
Washhviinn,  Cai.tain  Fh-tcher:  .1A/////^^'e/.-  ('aplam 
Hrown;"/W.v/...r///,  CaptMin  AlcNeiil  ;  J>m1^l  Master 
Com  Russell;  I'h'hrrh,:,.  M-nt.  Com.  Tn-Me;  /v/.v/c 
Lieut.  Com.  Campbell;  ^rainnul  Lieut.  C.>m.  A.lams;  an. 
/>,7/V.//cc,  Lieut.  Com.  Hrown.  These  vessels  were  kept 
constantly  ami  m'livoly  cruisin-  durin-  the  year  17!»( .  pass- 
ing; from  point  to  p.)iut,  and  ni!ikin<;  a  general  rendezvous 
at  Priice  lliiperCs  Hay.  ^ 

Among  numerous  other  captures  made  by  the  squadion. 
Commodore  Harry,  with  the  Ihnlnl  .<A./c,v.  captured  t  u, 
French  privateers  HAoiourdr  In  Vatno  and  /..  huhdh 
Towards  the  close  of  the  year  1700,  the  Fren<'h  (government 
had  become  persuaded,  by  the  active  and  determined  nieas- 
nres  ot  the  United  States  Government,  to  (xmsenf  to  enter 
into  negotiations,  and  assurances  were  given  that  new  mm- 


$g§  CoMMnholtN  JOffX  liMUn'. 

Ntt'i'H  vvoitM  iinw  Im>  fiM-i'ivi'il  with  iiiMfi' ri'<«|M'('t  than  tlioKO 
pl'i<v[«>iiM|y  Milt,  ulid  liitd  ••lin>iiiiti>h>(|  only  liiNiilt  tiliil 
iii'Klt'Ot.    On  tli«'  :til  «>f  Novi'miiiT,  ('oiMiii<H|i)r«>  Kairy  Hiiili-d 

finlii  Ni-Wpult,  U.  I.,  with  tht'  Vllihil  Slitlis,  hiiviiiu  on 
l>i),'il(l    tln'    AllH'li«ail    t'llVoVH    tn    the    l''l<'lli  h    <«oV('rilli,r|i|, 

nhotn  hi*  coiivryt'd  to  thcif  <h>Htiiiatiuii.  th-  ih*ii  it'll. iin  il 
to  thi>  WvM  ttiiliii  Stiitioii,  \\|i*>n>  lif  ctni'.cd  tliitiii;^  (ho 
yi'iir  IHiMi 

rumiiKMlni't'  Hiiny  forithiiu'd  iit  th<'  lu'ml  «>f  th<"  nnvy  fill 
tin*  (hi\  of  hisd'-iilh,  Ih-  \mis  iih\a_\s  |viid>  )or  imy  dtil\, 
iind  r«'ii(h'r<'d  imiioitant  wrvh'fM  to  tht- roimtry,  im  h'ss  liy 
lih  i'\)>rtioiis  when  afloat  iiotwIthHiaiidliiK  an  astlaii:,iii- 
iifTi'i'lloii  uitli  \\.li!i-|i  III'  uas  siiiri'jiau'  I'oi  inany  y.aiH  - 
than  l>y  hh  r.»an-*i'l  wln'ii  ashoif,  in  >lMi|iiii;,'  tin-  naval 
liolicy  of  ihi' (io\criiiiii'iif.  No  man  roiild  Ik>  niori'  di>vo|t>d 
to  his  ad  ipti' I  <■  tiintry  th;in  Coriintoiloi'i'  Itanv.  as  a  joiijt; 
lir«'of  imlilit'  ^.'|•vi^•^'s  w ill  tf'>tiry;  yi-t  Im'  n<'\«r  •••umiI  to 
loVM  tln'  Id'aniiriil  Itiif  opprt'SHt'd  isle  of  his  hirlh.  whirli 
In-  visfi'd  aftiT  tin-  \\".\n>  (tf  |»aiis.  It  Ih  ivlalfd  that  the 
jH'opli'  of  his  ii;i(i\i'  piiii>h  of  Tariiiashain'  it'iia'inlM'itd 
ills  visit  for  yt'ars  afffi'  with  iinahatt'd  gratitude.  Afti-r 
a  usffiil  and  hiilliaiit.  caivt'r  of  glory,  this  good  and 
hrivc  man  was  canit'd  «»IT  by  his  old  complaint,  iln' 
astlima.  Il<<  died  at  l'hila<l<'lphiii  on  the  i:itli  of  Septi'iii- 
Ix'i',  |H(i:J,  nnd  was  huricil  in  tin- <'i'iiM'tary  of  olil  St.  Alaiy's 
ChMrcli. 

'riironghoiit  his  \viioI»>  life  rommodore  Hany  was  a  good, 
sincere,  jd'actical  Catholic.  As  he  died  without  children, 
he  left  the  CatlKtlio  orjihaii  asylum  of  riiiladelphiu  his 
chief  legatee. 

Many  nohle  and  generous  <]iialiti<s  comltined  to  render 
his  heroic  character  one  of  singular  symmetry  and  heaiity. 
Hy  all  he  was  loved  and  honored  ;  and  fo-day  his  memory 
is  h(dd  in  veneration  fr<»m  the  (ireal  hakes  to  the  (Jiilf  of 
Mexico. 

Harry  was  above  the  ordinary  stature.  Tlis  person  was 
graceful  and  commandiii;";;  and  his  whole  deportment  was 
marked  by  dignity,  untinged  with  ostentation.     lie  had  a 


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033 


strongly  inai'k(»(l  countt'iiaiico,  which  oxi»r«'.sst'd  thi*qiialltU'S 
(»l"  liis  itiiiid  and  tli»>  virtiU's  »il'  Ids  h«'i'rr. 

His  luivatc  HIV  wiis  as  ainial)lt'  as  his  piiMii-  cartM-r  was 
Idilliaiif.  In  liis  doiiicsfic  rclMtiiiiis  lie  was  riaiil;.  oiicii, 
and  all'fctionatc ;  and  liis  kind  ('(nirtL'sy  t«»  all  niacU-  Idni  a 
liost  (if  I'lifads.  Dct'pjy  iniim-sscd  svitli  iciijiiou.  lu'  «'X- 
acti'd  an  (ilHi'i'vanc' ol"  his  liojy  dntirs  and  cMrinotdcs  mi 
hoard  of  his  sldp,  as  wt'll  as  in  tin-  it'tiivniml  of  iiiivaio 
life.  His  h)ftv  f('t'linii;s  of  hon«»r  st'cnrc<|  tin-  coididcni'*-  of 
llic  most  illnstri<His  nit-n  of  \\v\  nation,  ami  i^avc  the  fa- 
mons  connnandiT  an  rxtciisivc  inllnt-ncc  in  tlif  various 
spheres  in  wjdeh  liis  active  life  icciniied  hini  to  niovt-.  Ho 
jiossessed  in  an  einiiieiif  deiiree  the  re<j;ai'd  and  adniiiaiion 
of  Washinn'ton.  His  i>ul)lic  sei-vices  were  far  from  beini; 
limited  to  any  cnstomaiy  I'ide  of  professional  duty  :  and 
witliont  leii-ai'd  to  lahor,  daimer.  oi'  exjtense.  his  devotion 
to  his  connti'y  kept  him  constantly  engaged  in  dlsinler- 
ested  acts  of  pnl)lic  ntilify. 

'  Tlii'i'i' lire  ir.iljiiiit  liciii'ts  whose  glory 

Coluin!;iii  loves  to  n.'imc, 
AVIiosc  (Iced-*  sliiill  live  in  story 

And  evL'iIastinir  fame. 
15nl  nt'V<'r  yet  one  l)r!iver, 

Our  slurry  lianncr  l)orc, 
Tiian  saucv  old  Jack  Uarrv, 

Tliii  Irish  C'ommudoro." 


I  !;i 


MOST  REV.  JOHN  CARROLL,  D.  D. 


FIRST    ARCHBISHOP    OF    BALTIMORE. 


MOST  RFX  JOHN  (WKKOLL  I).1).,LL1)., 

FIHST  AHC'IiniSlloi'  OF  IlAI/l'IMOltE.' 


CTIAPTER  T. 

FlUST    YKAi:-^   »»r    «»l  I!    IIKST    AKCHIUSIIOl*. 

liiith — Pit  renin — Auci'stors  —  Ethicdtion  ami  Uiv  P.udl 
Luios  —  liuhemla  Manor — Yotiiiij  (Uirroll  stnt  (<» 
Fjiiropc — Kiihrs  (hr  i^'iritff/  q/  Jisns — /.v  orilaiiiol— 
Sitp/N'f'ss/'oii  of  the  Hin'Ulij — Shiick  hi  a  nutt—JAiUu r 
VarrolJ  f/ors  to  Emjlanil. 

Tilt'  name  of  ArcliMsliop  rai'n»ll  sparkles  like  a  p'ln 
of  piirosl"  ray  on  tlio  most  brilliant  paf,^'s  of  American  Itioy-- 
rapliy.  lie  was  identified  with  tlie  stirrini?  events  of  tlii! 
ll'volution,  and  was  tin;  friend  of  Wasirin,<j:ton.  Franklin, 
and  other  illnslrions  men  whose  services  <xave  the  rich  in- 
lieritance  of  freedom  to  our  country,  and  the  brightest  ex- 
amples of  p.itriotism  to  the  world.  Selected  by  (lod  to  be 
the  first  l^ishop  of  His  Holy  Church  in  this  Kepnblic,  he 
pi-oved  how  fiood  and  happy  was  the  choice  by  the  wisdom 
of  his  acts,  the  purity  of  his  life,  and  the  unsullied  si)leu- 
dor  of  his  reputation. 

John  Carroll,  the  third  son  of  Danicd  Carroll  and  Eleanor 
Darnall,  was  Ixu-nat  Upper  Marll)oro,  Maryland, on  January 
8th,  173.").  His  father  was  a  native  of  Ireland,  and  be- 
longed   to    a    Catholic  family  that    nobly  i)referred  the 


'  rhU'f  authorities  lined:  nrent.  '•  BioLTHiiliy  of  Arct.bislms)  CirrDll  :"  ('amplicll.  "  Memoir.-'  cf 
tlie  Kite  uiulTinuvof  the  Most  Kcv  John  Ciirroll;  '  lliirke.  "  Memoir  of  Areliliishop  Carroll;" 
Clarke  •  Lives  of  tiu  Ileceased  Itihtioiis  of  the  Calliolie  (.'liurch  in  the  I'liiled  Slates;"  "A 
Popiila.  History  o'  the  Catliollc  Church  in  the  I'nlted  Sttttec  ;  "  Lossing,  "  Lives  of  CelebrnteiJ 
Aincricaus."  ^^-. 

088 


mm 


030 


XOST  UFA'.  JOHN  VARROI.I..  D.D.,  LLT>. 


loss  of  t\mr  propf'rry  to  the  ivlmniloiuncnf  of  their  Faith    Tn 
coiniiiiny  with  his  i)art'Ut8  h«  caiiif  to  iMarylaiul  whih)  yt't 

n  youth. 

It  happon.'d  thus.  Tho  Arrhbishop's  graudfath.T  was 
secretary  to  Lord  I'owis,  a  leadiu^  miuister  in  the  cabinet 
of  the  unfortunatt!  .lanuvs  II.  It  is  related  that  Mr.  Carroll 
renuiriu'd  one  day  to  liis  lordship  that  he  was  hapi)y  to 
lind  that  public  affairs  and  his  Majesty's  service  were  pro- 
gressing so  i)rosperously. 

"You  are  cpiite  wron^^"  repli<'d  Lord  Powis;  "affairs 
are  goinjr  on  very  badly;  the  Kin,-?  is  very  ill  advised."  And 
after  pausing  u  few  nionuMits,  he  thus  addressed  his  secre- 
tary: "Young  man,  I  luive  ii  regard  for  you,  and  would 
be'glad  to  do  you  a  service.  Take  my  advicc^-great 
changes  are  at  hand— go  out  to  Maryland.  I  will  speak  to 
Lord  Haltirnore  in  your  favor." 

Mr.  Carroll  foHowed  the  advice  of  his  n  )ble  friend,  llo 
obtained  goverauieat  eniploymiint  in  M.iryland,  witli  lib- 
eral  grants  of  land.  He  nlso  engaged  in  comnu>rcial  pur- 
suits at  Upper  Marlboro,  and  died  in  1705,  leaving  his  fam- 
ily (piite  indei)endent. 

Eleanor  Darnall,  the  mother  of  the  An-hbishop,  was  a  na- 
tive of  Maryland,  and  daughter  of  a  wealthy  Catholic  gen- 
tleman. She  was  educated  with  much  care  in  a  select 
school  at  Paris,  and  was  greatly  admired  for  her  piety, 
amiability,  mental  culture,  and  varied  accomplishments. 
The  graces  and  virtues  of  the  mother  did  not  fail  to  impress 
the  character  of  her  bon. 

The  penal  laws  were  then  in  full  force.  Catholics  were  pro- 
hibted  from  teaching,  and  Catholic  youth  were  deprived  not 
only  of  that  wise  education  which  unites  religious  with  literary 
and  scientific  knowledge,  but  were  also  exposed  to  the  danger 
and  mortification  of  seeking  learning  in  schools  where  their 
faith  was  misrepresented,  the  very  name  of  their  religion 
scorned,  and  they  themselves  treated  as  a  degraded  portion 
of  the  community. 

The  zeal,  however,  of  the  Maryland  Jesuits  had  managed 
to  counteract,  to  some  small  extent,  the  brutal  intolerance 


•ygm 


T). 

lu'ir  Faith  In 
iiul  while  yut 

iidfathtT  was 
n  tile  cabinet 
It  ^[l•.  Carroll 
vas  happy  to 
ice  were  pro- 

)wis;  "alTairs 
ilviscd."'  And 
i.st'd  his  secr*'- 
11,  and  would 
advice— great 
will  speak  to 

('  filcnd.  llo 
md,  witli  lib- 
innuTcial  i>ur- 
aving  his  fani- 

hop,  was  a  na- 
Catholic  gen- 
■e  in  a  select 
for  her  piety, 
implishments. 
fail  to  impress 

dies  were  pro- 
e  deprived  not 
us  with  literary 
cl  to  the  danger 
3ls  where  their 
tlieir  religion 
graded  portion 


JfOST  REV.  JOHN  CARROLL,  1)1).,  LL.D. 


637 


I  had  managed 
tal  intolerance 


of  the  English  cod  >,  by  establishing  a  boarding-school  in  a 
8e;'ludeil  sitot  on  the  eastern  shore  of  Maiyland,  upo  i  an 
estate!  belonging  to  themselves.  It  was  known  as  Hnlicmia 
Manor.  Here  the  good  Fathers  conducted  an  institution 
which  was  intended  to  prepare  Catholic  youth  for  the  col- 
leges of  FiUrope.  It  was  about  the  year  1747  lliaf  .bthn 
(!urroll  was  placed  at  Hohema.  One*  of  his  companions  was 
his  cousin,  Charles  Carroll  of  CarroUton.  Here  the  young 
Carrolls  spent  a  year  in  assiduous  study. 

.lohn  Carroll,  in  conipiiny  witli  his  cousin  Charles,  was 
Rent  to  the  .b'suit  College!  at  St.  Omers,  in  French  Flan- 
ders. During  the  si.v  years  that  he  passed  in  the  this  insti- 
tution he  was  distinguished  for  his  i)iety,  good  example, 
close  application  to  study,  ready  and  brilliant  talents,  ai  d 
for  his  gentle  and  amiabh!  de])ortment. 

The  happy  inlluences  of  the  home  (»f  his  childhood,  tlu' 
exalted  exam[>les  of  the  .lesuit  Fathers,  and  the  pure  and 
peaceful  aspirations  of  his  own  soul,  led  him  at  an  early 
date  to  dedicate  his  life  to  (Jod.  Ii  was  this  inspiring 
thought  which  cast  a  glow  of  holiness  around  young  .lohn 
Carroll  during  these  years  of  hard,  earnc^st  study. 

In  17r)3  he  entered  the  novitiate  of  the  Society  of  Jesus, 
and  two  years  later  he  was  removed  to  Liege,  to  make  his 
course  of  i)hilosophy  and  theology.  He  exhibited  more 
than  his  usual  zeal  and  application  in  preparing  for  the 
sacred  ministry.  In  1759,  being  then  in  his  twenty-iifth 
year,  after  having  spent  eleven  years  in  storing  his  mind 
with  learning,  he  was  raised  to  the  holy  dignity  of  the 
priesthood. 

Following  the  suggestions  of  the  Gospel,  Father  Carroll 
cheerfully  gave  up  his  patrimony  and  all  his  worldly  pos- 
sessions to  his  brother  and  sisters  in  America,  and  took 
poverty  and  the  Cross  as  his  companions  on  the  way  of  life. 

After  serving  as  professor  at  St.  Omers  and  at  Liege, 
where  he  filled  the  chair  of  philosophy,  he  was  received  in 
1771  as  a  professed  Father  in  the  Society  of  Jesus. 

Father  Carroll  was  fufilling  the  duties  of  prefect  at 
Bruges,  wlien  the  great  Society  of  Jesus,  of  which  tie  was 


m  }rosTnEV.JOiiycARiiOLf..in>..i'i'0. 

iinis  ar    !t,<h,„i>h>,-  (.r  IN.i..'  Cl.'M.Hit    XIV.,«ln»".l   .Inly 
aiHt,   177:J.'    It  wuM    a  w'VoiH    l>l«»\v.      iu  a  It'tUT  tu  lius 

„,...r  ..  0  .  n..r,l.  of  S,.,.1H.    Ill-  f r  wa. ..f  on,,  of  ,l„.  moM  ''-'-;;;"'';     'l       7,      ' 

;;::=:?.  ^:;s:r3:r!:;i:';;:;;i;:::!::;;:M- 

r..,..l    il„.llx.-oniw.aliil..    <lr,irM.Hicl.r.llil-li'url.    N-w  ll«lil  lU.lir.l  on  111.  ii.lml      1  n-  n 
"",      "  "  '^  /,:  u,  "  .  .    i.,,,r.,.  of  MiiM.Tof  AriK,  ll.r  mi11"»I  .I'f'O'l-  r  of  l'un.|»lniu.  um\>Ww,\ 

;:"i::::r^;';;;::^;:;:r::::;:';r:-'rc:::"--;^,f « 

"Iwl,.  m  ».,l..f,  «■„.  .1...  orimn  of  ,l,«t  «n„.lrrf«l  r..llK.on.  In-tltui..,  «1.U1.  from  li-  flr-t  ym. 
«.!."m..;nht..tumn.  of  a,.ol-...u-.,vhl.l.  Im- pcopltnl  hravou  wUh  ,«..Uh.  und  aiU-UlK,  ^orW 

^^T;:':.:;i":::;:;^'-r:;;;:;";i!':;!r'h;.va...nar.. ..,  „...<i.nr..,.  i..  K..OP..  0,..,..,..... ... 

vl    ,r,  c  .  ,.l  of  I,..  ..,.rtt..    ••  I.  «a. .... ..  II  .lay  f.r  ...w  hor..  |.rol.-ta>,.U,.,,'   writ.-  Kr,..,-!. 

S,    .    "X      .    're.,c^  .Mr...k.l,.«-I....a.l..-l.oyo.«.n.l..M.r...,.ho    I',..... 

!,"un,"  '  •■Tl...  J.-»ll«."  »«yMl.o  AM,o  Ualn..H.  •■  were  a  wall  of  l.ra-.  ..«al...t  ll.v  ...h.u.I.h  „poM 

'''sKv!n'!^.MU.''?at'l...H.....l..w.Ml  .ho  .oil  of  the  Vnito.!  State-  with  thdr  martyr  I.I.k..!.    llale 

„„M   ,  n'ltl  w.T. r,l,.r,..l  for  tho  Kai.l.  I..  Mai.,.,.    Jo....-  .lu'.l  .,-    ,1.k..I  h.  N.  w  ^  ork     S.  _ 

rm..m  1.1m  .iKht  .I.-..11  .■ompai.lo...  laUl  .lo«..  th.^lr  liv.- K.   Maryla.i.l.    Th.' ..(.'.•.1  M.-,...r.l 

a"  .1      1.1  Hl.or.,  tl..-  fo..l-l.pH  of  th-  J.-..lt  .«..  •"•  lra.T.l  f.o...  H"'  Alla"'<U'  •"  I'"'  ''"<""- 

?l,,h.'(!m.t  Lak..l...  .1.-  .iull  of  M..M....    Th.  ......  of  Loyol.i  M,....!  at  ..,.•  very  «».o  of 

Ai.i.rl.an  l.i.lory.    \\V  <aiii.ot  .i.l.r  wltho..t  payiii«  Hk'HI 'i.ir  r.-iHTtn 

..  K-lrop.    .1..'  .)-..ll  Kall..-rK  wro  the  f«r.M....Ht  d.a...plo,.H  of  ,...•  Fa.th.  th.-  Ruanllnn.  o 

(•hrl.llan.-.l.-<atlon,un(l  tl.o  vi«.,.o<..  .U.f.M..l..r.  of  thf  rmht-of  (io.l  .....1 ........    Th.y  '^^«^^ 

„..  worl.1  .l..ri..«  a  «r.at  .•o,.v.,l.i..„  of  Chr.H,la..lty-  a,.  »..■  of  «,..,..l  ..or.nn  a...  ''•''";'>■'• 
tlo.,-.    C.tl.oU.l.y  wa.  »HHalU..l.    The  n..thorl.y  of  the  U.-ly  S.-e  w..h  -'■"'''> '';,.'^,"'     ;^''' 
from  th.'  Faith  of  their  fathers.    The  Ha«  of  here.y  wav,..l  ...  tr......ph  over  h.  jjl.....  ,   "  """"y- 

a  do    er  la.,.lH.    Hut  the  H.a.of  Loyola,  trah.e.l  to  v,r...e.  a.,.l  .na.ler.  of  all  k>.owh..ise,  aro.e 

he    might.    They  met  .l.re^y  „.ore  than  half  way  .  a.,.l  Her.-y  a.,.l  It-  prof.  ,. or.  have  n      r 

forll     .  Ihem.    «...   !..•  fath..lie  (-....rch  l.....or...l  the...    ra.,ke.l  then.  a...on«  her  no  1, ....  be... 

I'd  Ira    ..Hons.    NM-.e......  I'op.- Kav.Mhe.r  warn,  Ha.,et.....  to  the  S.k'  My     Tne      o...„-  1  o 

Trent  enloRl/....!  their  co„-til„tlonH  and  nhnwd  ho  m..el,  defereneo  to  the   Order.  th.U  wh 

Fllher  U.)^.e/.  wa-  taken  nUk.  the  .l.t..,SH  of  that  celebrated  body  weroHU.pcnded.  and  ro.umed 

^^:r::;:;;:!";r:;;:;::;:;  ,..fldei..y.  .h..  o..prin«of  nere.y.  b..an  .o  ,.,0, .,.  d..tr..et,on 

ofthechnreh.  lrrelli:im..  cover...nents  writer.,  and  kl..K«  lea«.,e.i  ...ire  her  ,,.r  Ihl.  .  d. ol.v 
.  o.e  The  .Te.ni..  had  thedl..lnu'..l.h.>d  honorof  b,.l..«  .he  earll.-t  vlc.lm«  In.molatedt.^  h.. 
,Zl  of  the.e  powcrf...  wretehen.  The  .....tlnel.  of  (•atholl,.|.y,  they  were  .he  n,>  to  fe..  1,0 
r«  eof  l.«  enomie..  All  their  hou..-  In  Por...«al  an.l  It.  eolonl.-  wer.'  ...ppr<.....d  In  !..«  ,  .1,« 
Fm.ch  P«  lament  «.ppre.«cd  the  Society  In  1763  ;  Spain  and  Naples  contU.ued  .he  work  of  .a.- 


I). 

»»  brief  Pom- 

,,  (Inh'il   .Inly 

letter  tu  liisi 

'fflll'  llf    l,l>Vlllll,  ►IIU- 

iiiiil  iiiilili'Taiiilllr'  llf 

'.    Ill'  I (-•Ill  mill- 

iiinitiT.  Ill  ilii'i'tiinii- 
iMl  iidIiIi'IiIiiii  I'll  rivtil 
I  hi'  ri'iiil-MCi'lilt'iiliilly 

iiiiliii  ii.liitl.  Till' III- 
[•I  at  llic  I II ill  III  »lii'lk 

liiiili'  ilclliilici'  to  lliu 

Hiki  Mill  lllllllrll.  Ilii 
(III'  |llll-llll  llf  Ir^irillllJt 
l'lini|irllllul  (lllll|>li'li'il 
Ice  mill  Uai'iK'il  .MiiiliK 
,.  ortlrr.  Till'  urMi'i"* 
of  till-  rniK'-  Aiiimiu 
111.  a|iimmil  tlii'  mw 
ihy  ht.  iKiiatlii*  liim- 

li'll  front  IlK  flrxt  Jt-nw 
I*,  mill  lllli'l  till-  world 

Iiiropi',  mill  nirrli'il  111" 
inlUiii,"  wrlli'n  Krmi'ln 
III  till'  liri'iirli  of  I'am- 
•lllllr-t  till'  lli-HlllllH  upon 

I'lr  morl)  r  bliKMl     llnle 

IihmI  111  Ni'W  York  Si'- 
ml.  Tli<Mi«i'il  Mi-iianl 
im1  iltiilli  cm  tin'  I.owir 
AllaiitU'  to  llii'  racillr  — 
mil  ul  till'  very  giilo  of 

KiiKli.  till'  Riiiinllntin  of 
I  iiimi.  Tlicy  <  ami'  lin" 
riiiH  mill  rrlinliiiH  revolii- 
iilTiil  lit.  Mi'ii  fi'll  ttwiiy 
over  KiiKlaiiil,  (iiriiiaiiy. 
1  of  all  kiiowUilKi",  iiroMi 
111  |irofr;.nor'»  liavi'  iioviT 
anion;,'  fior  nolilrct,  brHt, 
IK'll'ly  Tli«  CoiiiK'il  of 
0  till-  OriliT,  that  wlii'ii 
i»ui<))cii(U'(l,  iintl  n-HUinwl 

in  to  plot  ilu>  {tQHtrnrtInn 
tciri'lliur  r.-r  llil"  unholy 
vIcllniH  Imniolalcd  to  the 
■  wiTO  iiw  fliHl  to  foi'l  the 
I'  hiippn'i'i'i'd  In  1758  ;  I  ho 
oiitliiufd  the  work  of  hui- 


MOST  lli:y.  JUILS  VMinOLL,  D.l)..  l.LD. 


(ino 


brotluT  Dnnlt'l,  FaflHT  CiutoII  tcrruM  tlio  So«'l»'ty  "rhu  first 
of  till  (•(•(•It'Hlii.siiciil  lindics,"  but  cxfliiiiiis,  with  iiIhiih  tind 
m'lH'UHiM  ln'ioisiii :   ••(((((I'm  lu»ly  will  lu'  (luiie,  uiul  may  Ilia 
holy  imiiio  1m)  IiIhs.sjmI  foivvt* r  and  ev«>r!" 
Th«i  iiisfltiitluiis  of   llif  .Icsiilt    Fntlit'is   were  KivtTi  lip  by 

tlU'   ilKt.Ht    <»f     tilt'  ^DVI'lllllH'MfH     of     KlIIUpC     to     |)|lllldt>t',     dc'it'. 

••ration,  and  i-vt-ry  kind  of  vaiidaliNiii.  Hrii^^t's  wa.s  pillanfil 
by  llio  Au.strlan  ^MtvcrniiH'iit.  Iii('%'<'  wa.s  deprived  of  its 
iii('on:e,  and  Its  inniatus  wentexpelled  from  the  lionu'  which 
they  had  made  the  seat  of  leai-nin;;  and  reli^ijon. 

The  Kn-^lish-speakiiii;  Jesuits  of  Flanders  returned  to 
Knjrland,  whither  Father  Carroll  accompanied  them,  acted 
as  the  secretary  in  their  meeting's,  and.  In  fact,  conducted 
the  important  cornjspoiidence  with  the  French  (lovernnient 
in  relati(m  to  the  pi'oi»erty  of  the  suppressed  fcjociety  in 
France. 

While  thus  eni^a^ed  in  Kii^^land,  he  received  the  ainioint- 
njont  of  chaplain  to  Lord  Arundel,  and  took  up  his  resi- 
dence at  \V  irdoiir  Oiistle.  Hut  the  <'hariiis  (tf  this  splendid 
abode  did  not  willidiaw  the  attention  of  the  devoted  priest 
from  the  ^rand  and  self-sacrilicing  duties  of  Ids  sacretl  call- 
ing, which  he  continiKMl  zealously  to  i»erform,  whenever  an 
opjiortiinity  for  doiiiij:  .^ood  was  within  his  reach.  He  had, 
however,  for  some  time  cherished  the  intention  of  returning 
to  Maryland;  and'circumstances  of  an  exciting  and  impor- 
tant nature  now  hastened  its  execution, 

rlli'KlonmU'Htriictlon  In  ITfl"  ;  and  .•ViiHlrIa  Boon  nflt'r«iir'l><  follimi'd  tliitr  I'xanipli'!  Kvcn  lliln 
iilanuhli'r  dill  not  i-ali»fy  till'  wuIvi'h.  Tliry  ili'iiiaiidnl  iiollilii;:  Ii'k.'<  than  tlu' iiIIit  aiiiilhllatlon 
of  till'  Siii'liiy  of  Ji'KiH.  Till'  i-lliialloii  of  Kiiropi'  \\n*  Inil.v  fiarful.  Cliniint  XIV.  wiic  |in"-i'i'd 
on  all  HidPH.  Tliri'atH  nf  j-rhlfiii  froiii  llif  cii  lalh'd,  '■  Ciilliiilli"  roiiiU  witi  liraid,  In  laT  lit'  did 
not  comply.  Tliii«  palnfnlly  pliiiiil  lu'Uvi'i'ii  IwocvIIh  tin' Holy  KalhiT  lU'i'i'plcd  what  he  ion- 
Bldfrt'd  lilt'  U'csLT— lit'  Kiippri'i-si'd  thi!  Soiicty  of  JchUi*  hy  tlit'  lirlif  IJoiiiiiiiiH  ac  linldiiiiliir, 
dated  July  Slut,  1T7J.    If  Intldvllty  ruUvd  u  bowl  of  triuinpli,  thu  Cuthollu  world  coon  frit  Iih 

lOSH, 

With  thcpcrmlnKlonof  I'luH  VIF.,  thu  Sooloty  was  mvlvwl  In  Hui'iila  In  IHOI,  and  Ax  year"  latiT 
In  the  I'nlti'd  Sliiti'H.  In  AiiK""!,  1H14,  the  name  holy  poiitllT  hy  the  hull,  .sV)//i(l^;(/«,  officially 
redloreil  the  Soelely  of  .lewiis  ihroiii^hout  the  »vhole  Chriwtlan  world,  and  (he  decree  wax  hailed 
with  Joy  by  all  true  frieiuN  of  the  Churcli,  of  religion,  und  of  cducutiou.— Sec  " //l«for^(j/V/i« 
CaOiolic  thurcMii  t/w  CiUUU  V.'i't*,"  pp.  337-057. 


I 


I 


CHAPTKH   IT. 

nniiNtj  TUK  »Kvoi,iTto?r. 

Ei^nynna   fn„l   Inr    vohnhs-  Fntlur  Cnnnll   snih  for 

irilh  his  mnlhrr  ol  R,H' i'mk  .■('oiitin'HH  ii>nlr.s  halhvr 
Vitn-iM  to  no  toVauii'Ui  -Th,'  /»^////<//-7^.v///^  iif  I  hi 
■mission     i'\<f,ihhn  nnd  Fofhn'  Carroll -Horn mini- 
/'/"///////  ./■"/•  //"-  '•""■^''  'i/'  rir<;lo,a-rontrom'Sif  with 
Whorl  on. 
The  NViinn  controvorsy  botwe  mi  VavaVmxA  and  lu'i-  AuutL 
ran  oolonifs  wan  dally  hnsf.Miln«  t..  u  cTisiv      Wmlin  (Mr- 
roll,  iliou^'U  HiiiTound.'d  l.y  Kurdish  soci-ty  and  its  iiillu 
HHvs  at  on.-M  .•sp.m^.-.l  thccuus..  .d"  1.1s  nw.i  n.unliy  ,  and 
J.lddin-  mli.'u  to  Ills  InOowd  .•oinp.inions  <d*  tl..-  lat.'  Soci.'ty 
,»f  .I.-sus.  and  t..  hlH  nnl.ln  and  ^.-n.Mni.s  rripnds  at  \N  aidoni 
Ca*.tle,  he  Mailod  fn.Mi  Kn-lan.l,  and  mi.diod  his  nativr  lan.l 
in  tin'  snnuntT  of  1774. 

Til..  patri..ti.-  piirst  soon  .'nj.)y.'d  llm  l.app'"*'««  <'f  "^'""^ 
l,.diol.lin«  his  v<.n..ial.U'  n.oth.T,  his  dear  slst.-is,  and  nu.ny 
of  the  friends  uf  his  yonthful  (lays— 

"Tlif  fliininfr  <lii.v«  whi'n  lift'  wiih  nrw. 
And  111!  was  liri«lit  iw  ini>riiln;!  il<\v.'' 

He  had  h'ft  honn'  a  bright  hoy  «>f  rouito..n,  and  ro- 
tnrned  a  care. worn  man  ol'  forty,  destitnte  of  fortune,  and 
disapp..inted  in  the  In.pes  he  had  forn.ed  for  the  trnnnpl.s 
of  relijrion,  to  be  aehlevrd  by  the  lllnstnons  Soen-ty  to 
.vhleh  he  had  pledged  his  faith  forever.  It.,  banner  had 
indeed,  b.en  struck  down;  bu  the,  ^lonous  motto,  Ad 
moiornn  Dn  <iloriam,  was  incribed  up<,n  his  heart. 

He  had  left  Maryland  in  a  state  of  vassaln-e  to  (.reat  Brit- 
ain ;  but  lie  returned  to  find  her  preparing  to  assert  her  inde- 
040 


N 


II   siu'h  for 

iiritis  l'\illii  r 

liisiitl  (if'  thfi 

llitnirintid  — 

'rorcrstf  icitk 

1(1  her  .\in»>rl- 
l.'inlin  Car 
iiixl  its  siillii 
(•(•lint I y  ,  mid 
i»'  lutn  Sdck'ty 
1*  nt  Wiinlonr 
lis  iiutivi'  liiiul 

lincMM  of  iipiiii 
I'lM,  iiiul  many 


•t(>t>n,  nml  ro- 
f  foitinu'.  iiiul 
r  th«i  trimni>lis 
[)UH  Society  to 
(1  banner  liad, 
us  motto,  Ad 
heart. 

t3  to(»reatBrit- 
^s9ert  her  inde- 


Mnsr  UNV  JO/fS  rAiiiiot./.,  /,./;,.  /,/,./j^ 


(Ml 


prndenreof  fM-innyaml  loyal  aiillmHry.  In  the  days  of 
his  yuutll  CatlKillrH  wiTe  n  IinisriJlMMl  elass,  g|oiin<l  iluwti 
by  penal  laws  in  the  very  land  wlii.li  tliey  ha<l  ro|uni/.d; 
hnt  he  now  found  his  eo.inlrynien  en^nK^'d  In  dhrussln^ 
Kieaf  .|uesii<.ns  of  rivil  lilMify,  ami  he  UuAwA  for«ai.l. 
with  ti  .l.'nr  vhiun,  to  rmnnriputiou  fr,,ui  all  iIm>  iM.n.ln^r,, 
of  l»i«otry,  asu  lonseqnenee  of  their  MUiif.s.slul  hatile.s  for 
frei'dom. 

The  future  Arr'hl)lsh(»p  f.xik  up  hU  resMrnee  Avith  liiM 
nioili.'rat  Ifn.-k  ('rr..k.  II,.|v,  nt  llisr,  ai<i>ni  in  tlir  Inriiily 
dwelling',  and  hnl>.H..qurnrly,  a  wondm  eliiip.-l.  w.i..  iji.. 
Hcenes  «.f  the  holy  priest's  niinl.slei  inl  (illhrs.  Til.'  «<MMleP 
rhapel  hits  Mince  hrtuj  hupersidi d  I>y  a  neat  hrick  church, 
which  is  now  u..|l  known  under  the  levend  name  of  "Car' 
roll's  Chapel." 

At  the  time  of  Kiifhrr  Ciirroll's  arrival  in  America  Hi. Me 
wnH  not  one  Catholic  church  op.-n  in  Mnryland.  I  fi.|.>r 
the  fanjily  roof  (udy  c(.uld  the  holy  .sicrificf"  1...  ,.in.red  np 
to  the  Almighty.  This  rxplains  why  tlieojd  (';,t|,uli(.c|i:ip. 
ols  of  .Nfaryland  conlaiu  larp-  hearths  and  lircpliuvs  within 
them,  and  niasslvw  hrh-k  ( himneys  projccflnir  throujih  the 
roofs.  In  the  once  heautifully  named  >•  I  iind  of  (||,.  Sanc- 
tuary" t!n>re  were  thcnoidy  nineteen  Catliojicrler^y men- 
all  ex  .lesuits. ' 

Father  Carndl  continued  to  resident  Hock  Crer-k.  Ih* 
(Ud  not  wish  to  leave  his  a^'t'd  moilier.  to  whose  dfclinin^r 
years  he  was  anxi(.iis  to  minister.  His  missionary  laltois 
were  chielly  performed  in  the  nei^ilihoiin^i,'  counfiv.  He 
always  traveled  on  horseback,  makiii^^  Ion;;  niid  l're<pient 
journeys  to  distant  Catholic  faniili«s  and  wcftlenuMits,  rid- 
im;  freiiuently  thirty  miles  or  nion'  to  sick  calls,  amlpa'yim; 
niontldy  visits  to  a  small  couKre^'afion  (.f  Catholics  in  Staf- 
ford  County,  Vir^nnia.  which  was  «listant  liffy  or  sixty 
miles  from  his  honm.' 


•  Col.  n.  f.  CimphHl.  In  I.H  ••  I,lf..  niul  Tin..-  of  Arrhhinhop  Cirrnll."  ,riv...  (|„.  nnm.'KniHl 
n-l(l<iin»  of  ilir.r  .Miiryliiml  pni-tn.  .\-io  nalionniltv  ll  <i|>|iriirx  llmt  Hfir.n  of  tliciii  w.rf  im- 
t.vci"of  Mtirylniiil,  lime  KiiKllwlimfn.iiiiil  one  a  lli^'hiii. 

•  There  wun  only  on*  llttio  fjiot  In  Virginia  wlivte  the  ixrialccJt  did  not  r«lc.    Fonnliij,'.  u<  it 


(1 


,iMm 


(T 


,1,:;     f    ho     oly   ,nlHls..y.  tlM.  ...II  ..r  1,1 .U....V   ....... 

I  TnlHt.  nru   of  tl..  (•..n:..lla,.s  ..,■  nr    !.■.  s,  h.  ^-r...., 

Vl  .  l.Vllam.ll  of  (!..rulll..n.   .n.-l  l.y  ...p.-.-.l  .-.1... 
to  ;,..hr  tl.Mm  I..  s,..l.  muft  n-.  tiH  th  .y  hI.;.!       .ink  ...  f..!. 

tI.rtul..l..K  wit  or  I).-.   l-'.:."Ulin,  thoy  mu-h.'.l  M.mt.vnl  n„ 

tii.'niwi.t  or  tiu'-jiHhorAi.iii,  nro.' 

Willi.'  til.'  <MMiii.iissl..iK'i*  wuvu  iiu}{otiatuig  wh"  t'"'  •  ^^; 

;;;:r,.r.. ...>.-.•. T^'',r''::-  ^::tr^x:z:Tt^^ 

t.,„.  f„..  .1..,.,.  «...  In  S.„rt..r  1 !  ■..:....),  .....I  «...  .111.'.  W -  -xX      '  '"•    "»"       '  ,  „, 

«IIK  ilf  rl-ht  nf  fn-ly  ..xt.i.Im^  llh'lr  r^ll;/!..,..  I,.v  .1  -|..t|„1  i/riml   "".l-r  il  ■•  ;">';.'■''., 

i,.llw..«"-.f  «h !• ..!.....- vvcr,.  marri,.,!  .0  Xnn.  m.l  K;..».mr .urroll, -l-trr- nf  ..'>. 

„„,.,    „,.  W.KKl UI'UhH.  I.v  l.r.n.rk.  1:,  1,1.  "  M -Ir  "f  Ar,  M,!-  ,"1.  »  »n.,ll,     //-< 

'  K,.r  a  l.,n,.lr.,l  >.  ar-.  Intl.,.  n..,l.t  nf  inrll..  tl.l.  bn.v,.  llMl  •  ..,n,l  -f     a.hn^l..  W  «     , 

«l,hl.l,.||f...    Ill- fal.hf,in.or-.n.rrl,Mn.lm  -af.lv  ll,roam.   .1.- «,..,.r  of  tlu    ."ton. 
«u.flr,,l  "lion  liffi-.r,.  !.,•  had  mwh.d  thf  Miiryliiml  -hlrof  Ihr  rlv.r 

.  To  .....  r..„ t  of  .-..n^r.....  Mr.  rarrol.  arco.V.l  ,vUh  ^<^;-^i::^ ^^^X^  ^^■ 

„B.n.,.v.  t,.  1«,1.„...  tt...  l„hal,l.a.,t.  of  .ha. ........ry  «t,..  P";""',   y,"     ^  ,  , ..  ,„„„..,  than 

,0  HMnaln  n..„.ml  an..  .0  n.frain  fron,   akln«  ,tp  ar.nn  on  .h,.  ^^^^    ^X^^ZrUrv.-linnl 
11,1-  h,..l....,n..,l  1.  ln...m|«..ll,l..«lll'  hi- .■hara...-r  a- u  .nlnl-t..r  .-f  rrlLUu    •  in>  n 

"t Ml;: '.!;  rhnn..:  ..ar.l.  of  .■arr....,..n  •<-;'^«;;;";:;^;  •:;-;;  '^^  ;;^  eh  n..o  «.vo.  an 

F-..h.T  Carroll  a.l.lr.. 1  a  MWr  .0  hU  mo.l..-r  .lat.M  "' ^  ^     '  .     .U.  Icnu  ArClvc,."  Vol. 

.n,..r..H.ln«  account  of  Iho  Jonmcy  to  Ca.md..    It  can  l.c  f..m..l  1..  tho    .\m< 

V.  p.  1108. 


tin'  nrtlvn  (In 
I'niintr.v    Nuiii 

wiir  rarf«'tl  i»" 
'Im>.  |tn|;i*M  of  u 
line  wtiH   ht'iii'l 
'I'o  Kiiln   III" 

Ht   iiM|>i>iitin«i'. 
ii'iuilr  to  Can 
Siimiu'l  riiiis.', 
ihprrliil  li'Sii!li- 
••  to     I>H'V!lil  Ml 

ItPH  toCiiiKida, 
IliiiiU  iisffiil.  ' 

('n|l>'l<'-S.       .M- 

iiiisiiiil    (liiliciil 
itM'lflll  Spirits  nf 

•ivaily  arul  ''ii 
ftl  Moiitivnl  oil 

iig  with  the  rii- 


»|if.»,  I'liit"! rfilfirt  ••• 
i,.  liihiiiilMiit*  »»'■"'  ^'"""^ 
iimI.t  111"  ri.i.il  -'i-iM'  "' 
,„llr  pll/rim-  III  Vlr«lMlii. 
iiirtiill,  -UifrKiif  It'*'  ^'' 

p,l,ll. -Intfiiliir  ni  llm' 

|.li()|i  riiriiill,"  Til'  M>  '"'• 

r  rnthnii'-"  tiaiiiiyi"""'"'"' 

\liiiiil,  »ti"  iilwii.v  i'r»«"'l 
U,  «li,.  fnM|iiinllviilti'ti'l'''l 
::  uiMHTiilly  hi  ili"  ►tnliU'l"- 
loni.loii  lie  Imrt  ly  .-i  ipi  'I 
rof  Hi.'   I'oloiiiiK'  ;  lnH  I'" 

.o  fur  n*  Iw  wn«  to  htivo  i«n 
.,„„,.  r>)li.'l..ii  will!  Iilm«<'lf, 
(iri'iil  nniiln  ••  fiirlluT  Hi"" 
vll'jInM'i)  \n\rtU"n\  lirnil 
miilii  !n  ivnv" 

^tiiv  Int.  which  iili-o  tflvc«iiii 
) ••\mirlcttu  Archive*,"  Vol. 


Hour  HKV  jDiis  tMiHof.r,  n.n.  /.ld, 


o-tn 


thoritlf'H,  ri';<iilatln.'C  tlu»  nfTiilD*  of  fln<  .Sm.'ilrun  ftwrvs  tlu'ia 
jfi  (';iiiaila.  ami  ranyliiK  out  flif  iii-iiiMelnits  of  ro»mr«"tH, 
Kiiilifi  Cat  roll  v\as  viMitinu  thi>  <'aiia<liiiit  tliiuy,  Mxpliiinliitf 
ili<>  iiatiii'i*  aial  pritii'lpltH  of  tlip  Dvoliitiotiin y  MritiyuN% 
[I'lItitliiK  out  till*  iitftitity  of  ilfsiitiy  ami  iiilt'icNt  \>lil)li 
uii;^lit  to  iiiiltM  Canatln  to  tin- KiikHsIi  ro|niii»-«,  nml  In  an- 
KW-iliiy  itltji'itlonH,  i»'niovln^  |iit'|M<lins  «if  run',  nii'l 
iipjM-aliiig  lo  tli)-ii'  lo\f  oi'  lilti'iiy.  Il«*  was  tr<'tit«'(l  with 
it'sptTt  unci  listt'n«'«l  to  ultli  polito  attt'iitioji. 

Hilt  liotli  till' <'omtnls«.|oiii«ts  ami  l-'uflii-r  Ciiifoll  if»ri-|v»>il 
tln<  x.uiH'  aiiswiT  fioiii  ilii' CiiiiMfllans  that  for  llH'riistlvi's 
tiii'V  hail  ito  caiisf  of  ntiiipliiitit  a^alii  I  tlii>  hnMii>  ^o\cin- 
iiii'iit  of  (ii'i'i't  Hrltiilii,  wliirli  had  ^ii!tiant<>«>il  to  tln'iu  ili»> 
fill'  Mini  full  i'Xi'i«'lsi«  of  ilicii*  i«'li;uioti,  IllM'i'ty,  and  prop 
city,  ami  1-Iiat  in  n'fnin  f  Im- duly  of  iilh'^ianc,"  iiml  (l<lility 
was  iliH"  from  tlii'  ('amidiiir'.M  to  the  jioxfrnnimt.' 

'I'lii' mission  was  fniiilt"js.  riiarh's  Tarrojl  <if  Cnrrolllon 
nnd  Sanimd  ('luiNi*  I'ctnaini'd  in  Canada  to  nttcml  lo  iliiaf- 
f.iii.s  of  tlm  iinny.'  Hnt  l>i'.  Kranklln's  health  lirciinn-  ho 
poor  that  III' was  forn-d  to  Itnvi'  tlif  coiinlry  without  de- 
lay, and  l-'atliiT  Cairoll  Ih'iiiih'  Ids  companion  on  ilic 
liimirward  joiiriwy.  'Ilu'  piirst  and  'lio  philosopher  con 
tnn'ted  a  sincerp  friendship,  as  we  learn  fioin  the  uralernl 
letters  of  l-'ranklin.  On  leadiin^'  New  ^dik  he  wrot«>: 
"As  to  myself,  I  ^'low  daily  more  frdile.  and  I  should 
hardly  have  jiot  alon;j:  so  far  but  for  Mr.  Canoll's  friendly 
assistance  and  tendiM-  caro  of  nie." 

On  his  return  home  to  Hock  Cn-ek.  Fallcr  Can'oll  re- 
fanned  the  duties  of  llie  sacred  iniiiistiy,  wldcli  he  con- 
tinued to  perform  without  Interruption  dnrinK  the  whoh 
Hevoliitionary  War.  Tlirou,Ldioiit  the  lon^;  and  jUMvat 
htnif,'«le  Im>  ardently  .sympathized  in  the  cause  of  Independ- 
ence." In  his  i-orrespondence'  with  lii.s  late  brethren  in  Kn^^ 

I  Thrrr  n>'T<-  of  r<Mir«c,  oth.T  n-iicoiipi  whv  lif  ( (iimdiiin"  dirt  not  rnn-  to  .|nln  hintil"  with  the  Kna- 
llHh  .•..l.ml.,.  In  111.'  ur^i.t  -Iruwl".  «>  h;.N.'  im.I  >|'i""  I""'  '"  Ifly  ""'"  '"  '''''l"  '  '  "'""I,."""''"; 
to  -Hv   lumrviT  thiit  th.'  I.lunlrl  Innuii'iL'r  "«il  ''Y  Hi''  Provlinhil  rmiur.-.  ill  Ho-ton  Ji  1,..)  iiml 

(lie  nn'lilli- .•xprc'-loii*  of  lii-nlt  I..  111.' Ciillicllr  I'allli,  i I  nl  olli.  r  pliUfH  ulioiit  ill.' -uilK'  .liiu', 

wen-  now  nrull.il  l>y  llu'  «'iiiiiiilliiii»,  ii"!  «'■"  ^"">  J"""y  '''"""'  ""'"  ' 

•  Hcf  fkctch  of  clmrlc"  Carroll  of  t'ftrroUton  in  Iho  pasoiit  voluini-. 

•  Bcc  CamplK'H'*  '  Mi;molr»." 


i* 


1 


044 


M0S7  IIKY.  JOHN  f'ARROLL,  D.D.,  U..D. 


"■» 


land  ho  oxiihiincd  jind  dofendod  its  i.vinciplos,  and  olfeml 
up  constant  Jind  IVrvent  prayt'is  IV.r  its  sturess.  And  no 
citizen  of  the  llepnblic  saw  with  greater  joy  the  consuniniation 

of  tlie  gk)rioiis  result  of  the  contest,  enhanced  as  this  patri- 
otic joy  was  on  the  cessation  of  strife  and  carnage,  and  the 
blessed  return  of  p.nice  and  happiness. 

F'lther  Carroll  s  powers  as  a  controversialist  were  sum- 
moned into  sn-vice  in  1784.  The  Rev.  Mv.  Wharton,  his 
former  friend  and  fellow-member  of  the  Society  of . I esus, 
had  apostatized  from  the  Catholic  Faith,  and  written  a  pub- 
lic letterattacking  its  principles.  The  reply  is  worthy  of  our 
lirst  ArchbislK.p,  and  is  noted  for  Its  strength,  elegam-e, 
and  triumphant  logic. 

Wlii'.rton,  among  other  charges,  had  asserted  that, 
''neither  transubstantiation,  nor  the  iiifallibility  of  the 
Koman  Church,  are  taught  more  explicitly  as  articles  of 
faith  than  the  impossibility  of  being  saved  out  of  the  com- 
munion of  this  Church." 

l^^nther  Carroll  replies  thus  to  this  point:  "I  begin 
with  observing  that  to  be  in  the  communion  of  the 
Catholic  Church,  and  to  be  a  member  of  the  Catholic 
Church,  are  t.wo  very  distinct  things.  They  are  in  Ihr 
communkm  of  the  Vhurch,  who  are  united  in  the  profes- 
f.ion  of  her  faith,  and  p..rticipation  of  her  sacraments, 
thvouixh  the  mini;'  •  and  government  of  h(?r  lawful  pas- 
tors. ^But  the  V.  >ers  of  the  CdthoVn'  Church  are  all 
those  who,  with  t.  sincere  lieart,  ^'eek  true  religion,  and 
are  in  an  unfeigned  disposition  to  embrace  the  truth  when- 
ever they  find  it. 

•  Now  it  never  was  our  doctrine  that  salvation  can  be  ob- 
tained only  by  tht-  former,  and  thi?  would  have  manifestly 
appeared,  if  the  chaplain,'  instead  of  citing  Pope  Pius's 
creed  from  his  memory,  or  some  unfair  copy,  had  taken 
the  pains  to  examine  a  faithful  transcript  of  it.  These  are 
tl<e  words  of  tho  cbno-  Mms  creed,  and  not  those  wrongfully 
quoted  1 7  him.  which  are  not  to  be  found  in  it.     After  enu- 


Wharton. 


1 


les,  and  oifered 
:cesH.  And  no 
ironsuniniiition 
d  as  tlii.s  patri- 
rnage,  and  tlie 

list  were  sum- 
Wharton,  his 

»ciety  of  .It'sus, 
written  a  piib- 

5  worthy  ol"  our 

igth,  t'k'gance, 

assorted  that, 
nihility  of  thn 
y  as  articles  of 
nit  of  the  coni- 

nt:  "I  bejiin 
iinnion  of  the 
f  the  Catholic 
liey  are  in  ffm 
in  the  profes- 
lor  sacraments, 
h<?r  lawful  pas- 
CJntrvh  are  all 
e  religion,  and 
the  truth  when- 

ation  can  be  ob- 
lavo  manifestly 
ig  Pope  Pius's 
opy,  had  taken 
f  it.  These  are 
nose  wrongfully 
I  it.    After  enu- 


MO!<T  REV.  JOHN  CAIlliOrJ,,  D.J)..  Ll.J). 


G45 


moratlng  the  several  articles  of  onr  belief,  if  goes  on  thus: 

'  77//.V    //i/r    i'tilliiilii-  l-\iiUi,  it'ifliiiiif  ir/ili/i  III!   oiK'iilt    he 

sitrtti,  I  do  at  ////'■■<  pnsmf  Jlni////  j/m/'c.s.-i  dirl  siuri r< hf 

"Here  is  nothing  of  the  nvrissUij  nf  nnnmmihnt  with 
our  Cliurch  for  salvation;  and  nothing,  I  pi(sinue,  but 
what  is  tauglit  in  everv  Christian  sociefv  on  earth,  viz., 
that  Catholic  Faith  is  necessary  to  salvation.  Tlie  dis- 
tinction between  being  a  member  of  lln  ('(illnJic  (^/mrc/t, 
and  of  Ihi'  riuinitniih>)<  of  tli(j  Church,  is  no  niodeiii  dis- 
tinction, but  a  doctrine  uniforndy  taught  by  ancient  as 
well  as  later  divines,  ^\'h<ll  /.v  sdUl,  says  r>ellai-mine, 
of  none  b<  ini/  sarrd  out  of  the  ("hiircli.  Must  J)v  uiiihr- 
stittxf  of  tlioNv  udio  hiloiKj  not  to  it  (ithcr  in  fact  or 
dcsirvy 

Father  Carroll,  after  dwelling  at  considerable  length  on 
the  charity  and  kindness  of  the  Catholic  Church,  refers 
again  to  the  (luestiou  of  exclusive  salvation,  decining  it.  as 
he  says,  "of  the  utmost  importance  to  charity  and  mulu:;l 
forbearance  to  render  our  doctrine  on  this  head  as  i)erspic- 
uous  as  I  am  able.*' 

'•First,  then,'"  he  continues,  "it  lias  been  always  and 
uniformly  asserted  by  our  divines,  that  r.aptism,  act;:;-.l 
IJaptism,  is  essentially  requisite  to  iiutiate  us  into  the 
communion  of  the  Church ;  this  notwithstanding,  their 
doctrine  is  not  less  uniform,  and  the  Council  of  Trent 
(Sess.  0.  chap.  4.)  has  e::pressly  established  it,  that  sal- 
vation may  be  ol  rained  without  aciual  l?aptism.  Thus, 
then,  it  appears  that  we  not  only  ma;/,  but  iirc  oldhji'd 
to  believe  that  ont  of  our  communion,  salvation  may  be 
obtained. 

"Secondly,  with  the  same  unaninuty,  onr  divines  define 
heresy  to  be,  not  merely  a  mistaken  opinion  in  matters  of 
Faith,  but  an  obsiinaco  adherence  to  that  opinion;  not 
barely  an  error  of  judgment,  but  an  error  arising  from  a 
perverse  ailection  of  the  will.  Hence  they  infer  that  he  is 
no  heretic  who,  though  he  hold  false  opinions  in  matters 
of  faith,  yet  remains  in  a  habitual  disposition  to  renounce 


;| 


i 


040  •»^'^'"''  '''''^-  ''^^"^'  CARROLL.  D.D..  LL.D. 

those  opinions,  whenever  he  aiscoyers  them  to  bo  contrary 

to  the  doctrines  of  .lesus  Christ. 

''":';;;::;:';:':.i:.n:;n,';;Si...  ,«■ >-  ^  «•«""  -"  "'-""•""  ^^-^  -'  "-^  "•""^"'"'"• 

U,.,ino,io»Uionlu«o„K..ru.h.,rK.aU>."-«<"/.r. 


to  be  contrary 


ih  litnmiiif<-tt'(l  tiililni, 
error  of  thi'  umliriituiiU- 


CHAPTER  III. 

FATHKIi    CAIMtOl.L    AM)   OlU    KAIiLY    ClIIKrn. 

)^/afr  ff/'  rcrlcsf'itffh'ral  JuriHtUrtioii  bifin'e  the  Jicrohifion — 
WIhiI  the  cUi'iJii  <i/  Miiii/hiitd  (UkI  PciiuKiilritiiid  dUl — 
Fill  Ik  r  ('(irroll  appolntvil  VrcfccI  Ajxtslnlir — />/■. 
FrdiikHn  -  Wdshiniiloii  nt  Mitss—Dr.  ('(n roll's  hihoin 
— Api>  )uif  I  Ju'kL  Ji/,s/t(t/j  of  lialliinorv — Slali<sUcs  of 
HaUiolirili/. 

Before  the  War  ol'  the  Revolution,  tlie  C^itliolic  Clergy  of 
Miirylaiid  iitul  Peiuisylvaiiia  were  siihjeet  to  the  ecelesi- 
astical  jurisdicrloii  of  the  Vic'ar-AiM)stolic  or  Bishop  of 
Ijoiulon,  Kngland,  ulio  was  represented  in  these  provinces 
by  his  \'icar-(ienei-al,  the  Ki'v.  Fatlier  Lewis,  Superior  of 
the  Society  of  .lesus  here,  at  the  date  of  its  supju'ession. 

Soon  after  the-  termination  of  the  war,  however,  the 
clergy  of  ^Maryland  and  Pennsylvania,  beijig  sensible  that, 
to  derive  all  advantage  from  the  new  state  of  things  in 
America,  it  would  b(>  prot»er  to  have  an  ecclesiastical  sui)e- 
rior  in  the  country  itself ;  and  knowing  the  jealousy  pre- 
vailing in  the  American  governments  against  the  right  of 
jurisdiction  being  vi'sted  in  a  i)erson  residing  in  Great 
ikitain,  addressed  themselves  to  the  Holy  See,  ju-aying  I  hat 
51  superior  might  be  allowed,  and  that  he  might  be  chosen 
by  the  clergy,  subject  to  the  approbation  and  contirniation 
of  his  Holiness. 

The  American  clergy  believed  the  time  and  the  circum- 
stances of  the  new  nation  as  premature  for  the  presence  of 
a  Bishop.  They  simply  desired  a  superior  with  sonje  of 
the  episcopal  powers.  The  Holy  See,  in  its  wisdom,  came 
to  the  same  conclusion,  and  resolved  to  give  Maryland  a 
provisional  ecclesiastical  organization.    The   learned  and 

647 


Q48  310ST  REV.  JOUX  CARROLL,  D.D    LLD 

^"  iow  ;.l^  anu.n,  othor  things,  to  M.-ss  tlw  holy ;  Is, 
,  rmbninistor  .1..  sa,.n..n..nt  c.r  ronlinnaMon,  1  us 
h"lvsacn.m>ut.  Nvhi.-h  stn-n^'tlu-u.  fa.th  lu  man,  had  iieNer 
Vi't'beencunl-.Tml  in  th(>l'nit.-a  States 
^  But  w.must  not  on.it  to  nu-ntlon  a  fart  a.  ,nt..v  t,,-.:; 
as  it  i.  sin^nhu:  Th.>  v..n.rabh>  stat.^sn.au  and  ph.  .o- 
ph.M-  T).-.  Fianklin-th.'n  the  AnnM.can  nu..ist.T  at  I ...  s- 
}  I  '..i  hono.al.h-  shaie  in  the  non.i.iatio,.  ol  tlie  fnt.iro 
.i^^^^^^^^^^^  t^atholic  Ch.irch  in  the  Tnited   Slates. 

^W;;e;^i:c^Nnneio  at   Pans,-'  .rites  l..th^^^^ 
n  letter  to  Kev.  Dr.  Carroll,  from  Uon.e,  (U.t.'d  .Inne  .Uh, 
1784,    "api.lh.l   to    Mr.   Franklin,   the  old  ^e.Ulen.an  re- 
i^'uhered   you;    he   had    his  memory  refreshed    betme 
Uiongh  yo..  had  modestly  pnt  yonr  own  .lan.e  in  the  last 
plart"  of  the  list."     Franklin's  Diari/  records  this  n.em- 

""!n8r"U'u/.-The  Pope's  Nnncio  called  and  ac- 
nuainted  me 'that  the  Pope  had,  on  my  recommendation, 
n  o^ntedMr.  John  Carroll  S.iperior  of  the  Catholic  c.er^y 
h^'vmerica,  with  many  of  the  powers  of  a  Bishop  and  that, 
probably,  he  would  be  made  a  Bishop  in  parUhus  before 

^'jiTci^nS-  F^anklin,  t.e  Holy  See  simply  ^h.;d  to 
pavan  act  of  courtesy  to  the  young  Rep.d.lic.  1  he  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States,  which  places  religion  beyond 
the  sphere  of  the  civil  power,  was  not  yet  drafted  And  it 
need  excite  no  astonishment  that  even  educated  Kurope 
was  not  familiar  with  the  principles  which  underlie  the 
American  Government. 

The  Very  Rev.  Dr.  Carroll,  as  Prefect  Apostolic,  at  once 
began  his  visits.  His  long  journeys  were  ^v  .fly  through 
Mfrylaud,  Pennsylvania,  and  New  York.  The  first  as  the 
seat  of  th^  old  Catholic  colony,  had  still  a  respectab  e  num- 
ber  of  Catholics;  and  in  Pennsylvania,  Dr.  Carroll  found  a 
population  of  about  seven  thousand  faithfiil. 
^  Some  time  before  the  arrival  of  the  Prefect  Apostolic, 
Philadelphia  was  the  scene  of  a  notable  religious  ceremony. 


.I.D. 


MOST  IIHV.  JOllS  CMUiOIJ.,  J)J),  I.I.J) 


()4J) 


ipolntiiKMir.     TIo 

>ss  tlw  lioly  (lih, 

lirniatioii.     'I'lii?* 

mull,  luid  lU'ver 

t  as  intf'i'cstir.,:; 
!\u  and  I'lillo;  o- 
iiistcr  lit  riuis  — 
)H  ol  tlio  flit  1110 
3  UniU'd   Slates. 

itluT  TlKtl'lH'.    ill 

dated  -lime  iltli, 
d  ^'cntlt'inan  ic- 
t'freshcd  bt'foi'O, 
iiaiiio  ill  the  last 
icords  this  iiieiU' 

►  called  and  ac- 
rec()nimendati<»n, 
le  Catholic  ciei\uy 
Bishop,  and  that, 
I  partihus  before 

>  simply  Avishcd  to 
public.  The  Con- 
's religion  beyond 
t  drafted.     And  it 

educated  Europe 
liich  underlie  the 

Apostolic,  at  once 
•e  '\  -'^^ly  throujrh 
The  first,  as  the 
I  respectable  num- 
»r.  Carroll  found  a 
ful. 

Prefect  Apostolic, 
eligious  ceremony. 


At  thocl()se(  f  the  llevtiliitioiiary  Warasdlernn  Tr  D;  nui  was 
cliaiited  in  St.  ,l(».s(>|tli"s  eliiireh.  at  the  iv<iij('  t  of  (he  >iar(|uis 
de  la  Ii;./,»'ine,  tile  i-'leneji  eiiil)assa(hir.  lie  iuvlted  (ll«  mem- 
bers of  the  I'liited  States  C()ii;;rt'ss,  r.s  v.cll  r.s  tlie  iniiiciiial 
jreneials  and  distiii^iiisiu'd  citizen;,  h*  :,.i  \\:\.  \V:i.>  !iiii;;l(in 
and  liUfayette  weiv  present.  The  Ablir  r*;:n(lale  (h-liveied 
a  most  elo(iuent  discourse.  ''Wlut  but  He,"  e.vclaimed  tlio 
ehxinent  priest,  "He  in  whose  liands  are  the  hearts  of  nifii, 
could  iusi)ire  the  allied  frooitswith  the  friendshi]),  Ihecoiill- 
(leiicc,  the  teiidcriiess  of  brothers;  Ah!  the  combination  of  h() 
many  fortunate  circiimstauces  is  an  (manatiop  of  tlu!  nll-i.er- 
feet  Mind.  That  coura.ue,  tliat  skill,  that  activity  bear  tlie  sa- 
cred impression  of  Ilim  who  is  divine.  .  .  .  Let  us  with  one 
voice  ])our  forth  to  the  Lctrd  that  hymn  of  jnaise  by 
which  Christians  celebiate  their  f^ratitude  and  His  glory— 
Tc  Di  inn  Ltniditnnis.'" 

For  iive  years,  \'ery  IJev.  "Dr.  Carroll,  as  Prefect  Apos- 
tolic, toiled  on  with  tlu;  amiability  and  zeal  of  an  apostle, 
<laily  encounteriiifi:  obstacles  from  the  nature  of  his  duties, 
from  insubordinate  [iriests  and  laity,  that  W(»uld  have  dis- 
couraged any  but  the  bravest  spirit. 

"Everyday,"  he  writes,  "furnishes  me  with  new  reflec- 
tions, and  almost  every  day  produces  new  events  to  alarm 
my  conscience,  and  excite  fresh  solicitud(>  !it  the  prosi)ect 
before  me.  You  cannot  conceive  the  trouble  I  .suffer  al- 
ready, and  still  greater  which  I  foresee,  from  the  medley 
of  clerical  characters  coming  from  different  quarters  and 
various  educations,  mid  seeking  employment  liere.  T  can- 
not avoid  employing  some  of  them,  and  they  begin  soon  to 
create  disturbances." 

This  estate  of  things  was  almost  to  be  expected,  on 
account  of  the  heterogeneous  character  of  both  peojjle 
and  clergy.  As  many  of  tlie  clergy  were  entirely  ignor- 
ant of  the  English  language,  and  others  in  no  very 
good  repute  at  home,  it  was  soon  found  that  amijh'r 
])owers  than  those  jjossessed  by  the  Prefect  Apostolic  were 
needed  to  hold  the  tangled  reins  of  authority  with  proper 
firmness. 


>,iii.lii*i'ili- 


000  msT  ff AT.  Joifx  cinnorj..  n.  i>. .  u-  n. 

Th.'   principal   nu'nib.'rs   of    tli."   Ain.-iinm    clrr^'v   who 
hiid   tlu'  Kood  of    religion  lit   lu'uir   ass»>inl)U'(l,  aiul  i.cti- 
tionc.l    U..n.o   for  a  bishop     'IMu-    \vi\w^l  wa.s    ^M-ant.-d, 
witli  the  privih'gt'  of  srU'ctint?  tlic   miK'idat.!  and   «»f   lo- 
ratin"   tlu'  mnv  hw.    They  fixed  up.m    Baltimore,   "tins 
heinu"'^  writes  Dr.  Carroll  to  a  elerlcal  friend   in  Knn.pe, 
-th« 'principal   town  in  Maryland,  and  that  State  heia- 
Mie  oMest,  and  still  the  most  numerous  residence  of  true 
ivliLrion   in  America.     So    far    all   was    ri^ht.     We    then 
T.roceeded  to  tlie  election,  the  event  of  which  was  such  as 
deprives  tne  of  all  expectation  of  rest  or  pleasure  hence- 
forward, and  tills  ni(^  with  terror  with  respect  to  eternity 
1   vni  so  stunned  with  the  issue  of   this  business,  that    I 
tnilv  hate  the  hearing  or  the  mention  of  it;  and,  theie- 
fore;  will  sav  only,  that  since  my  brethren-whom  in  this 
case  I  consider  as  the  interpreters  of   the    Divine  \\  ill    - 
„av  I  must  obey,  I  will  do  it ;  but  by  obeying  shall  sacri- 
li.r  henceforward  every  moment  of    peace  and   satisfac- 
tion "     One  of  l>r.  ('arroU's  conspicuous  (pialities,  a  cpial- 
irv  that   shed  a  luster  over  his  whole  character,  was  his 
modest  humility— 

'  Humility,  fbr.t  low  sweet  root 
From  wLitli  all  heiivuuly  virtues  shoot ! " 

■Rv  tlie  Holy  See  he  was  nominated  first  Bishop  of  Balti- 
moiv  On  the  reception  of  the  official  documents  the  new 
prelate  at  once  proceeded  to  England  for  consecrnticm.  The 
s(ilemn  ceremony  took  place  in  Lulworth  Castle,  the  lordly 
residence  of  the  pious  Thomas  Weld,  on  Sunday,  August 
irili  nt>f'  'I'lit^  consecrator  was  Rt.  Rev.  Dr.  Walmsley, 
senior  C:Uh<  he  bishop  of  Great  Britain.  • 

Laie  in  the  same  year  Bishop  Carroll  reached  the  shores 
of  America,  was  lovfullv  welcomed  by  his  people,  and  in- 
stalled u.  his  episcopal  see.  On  the  Sunday  of  installation 
he  addressed  them  a  discourse  which  shall  ever  remain  a 
masreri/iece  of  sacred  eloquence. 

This  dnv.  mv  dear  brethren,  '  began  the  venerable  man, 
'  impiesses'deeply  on  my  mind  a  lively  sense  of  the  new  re- 


MOST  iihjy.  joiiy  cMtnoi.i.,  n.i>.,  /./.  n. 


♦LH 


clergy  who 
'd,  iiiul  iu>tl- 
va.s  ^M'iintril, 
•  mid  of  !»•- 
imon-,  "tills 
I  in  KiintiHN 
,  Statr  lu'lii'; 

It'llC*'    of    tllUl 

t.  AVf  then 
1  was  such  iis 
■astiiv  hcnco- 
t  to  utcrnlty. 
(inoss,  that  I 
;  and,  there- 
whoiu  in  tliis 
)ivin('  Will  — 
g  shall  Hacri- 
and  satisfac- 
ilitics,  a  qual- 
Lcter,  was  his 


shop  of  Balti- 
aents  the  new 
secration.  The 
itle,  the  lordly 
inday,  August 
)r.  Walmsley, 

• 
hed  the  shores 
leople,  and  in- 
of  installation 
ever  remain  a 

venerable  man, 
Bof  tlienew  re- 


lation In  which  I  stajid  before  yuu.  The  sliadiMif  rclire- 
iiR'iit  and  solitiid*!  ihumI  no  longer  In-  my  hojin  and  prnspecl 
of  consolation.  Often  have  Itlaftcred  myself  that  my  d«!- 
cliniiiK  years  wonld  be  indnl.ncd  in  such  a  state  of  rest  fr(»ni 
labor  and  solicitude  foioiJH'rs,  as  wnuld  It-ave  nu*  the  lie>t 
ojjportiinity  of  attending  to  the  great  cnncern  of  my  own 
salvation,  and  of  ('(tnllning  myself  to  renjend)er  my  jtast 
voars  in  the  l»itterness  of  ('omituncti(»n.  Hut  it  has  i)Iea,s<'d 
(tod  to  order  <»ther\vise ;  and  though  my  duty  <'ommaiids 
.submission,  il  cannot  allay  my  fears     those  fears  which   1 

feel  for  you  and  for  myself In  («<i<l  alone<'an  1  liiid 

any  consolation,  lie  knows  by  what  steps  I  have  been  con* 
ducted  to  this  important  station,  and  how  much  1  hav<'  al- 
ways dreaded  il.  Ilt^  will  not  abandon  me  unless  I  first 
draw  down  His  nKile(liclion  by  my  unfaithfulness  to  my 
charge.  Pray,  <lear  brethren,  i>ray  inces.santly  that  I  may 
not  im'ur  so  tlreadful  u  punishment.  Alas!  the  i»nnisli- 
ment  would  fall  on  you  as  well  as  myself  iny  uid'aithful- 
nesji  would  redound  on  you,  and  deprive  you  of  some  of 
the  means  of  .salvation."  AVhat  modest  grandeur  and  sim- 
ple stibliinity  mark  these  first' utterances  of  the  l*atriar<'h  of 
the  American  Church ! 

At  this  point  it  may  be  proper  to  examine  into  the  num- 
ber of  Bishop  (JarrolTs  spiritual  children  in  17!iO.  Relig- 
ious statistics  in  our  country  have  been  at  all  times  in  a 
misty,  unsatisfactory  condition.  This  early  date  was  no 
excention.  All  figures,  therefore,  in  that  connection,  are 
to  be  received  as  api)roximations--guesses  at  truth.  The 
first- national  census  was  taken  in  1700,  and  gave  us  a  total 
white  population  of  nearly  ;i2()0,(i0().  Of  these  about  ;}0,0()() 
wereCatludics.'  According  to  this  estimate,  one  ineveiy  one 
humlml  and  fen  of  the  white  population  was  a  Catholic. 
Bishop  Carroll's  diocese  was  the  United  States.  Ills  juiests 
were  between  thirty  and  forty  in  number  ;  while  his  small 
but  wide-spread  Hock  was distiibuted  somewhat  as  follows: 

'  Mnny  writem  conMdf r  thin  too  nmull     Some  nu«ntlon  SO.OOO,  and  oven  higher,  un  hcliis  uoaror 
the  exact  uuniber.    The  above  in  Di»hoi)  CarroU'ii  estimate. 


rmaHL'jjjjitij* 


¥ 


MOST  UK \:  jnny  c^  nnoij,,  n.  n. ,  u..  p. 

10  000  in  Marvhvn.l;  7.00(»  in  VonnyslvMnla  ;  rioOOaf  P.'tmlt 
nn.l  Vi.in.nn;.s;  '-',:.<«•  in  Illinois,  nn-l  in  all  <l'"  ">l';'r 
St:it.'Ht..-.ll..'itluiv  wriv  not  iMTliiM'^^mer..  than  I,r.(M>- 
iu  all  ahnut  :Jo,n(M..  Such  was  tlu'  Ani.M-inin  Clniicli  at  t  im 
natotl..'  Holy  Katli.T  thinly  planf.-l  tlir  mnu'i-stono  by 
erecting  tli.-  tlrst  .'iiiMcopal  seo  of  Haltiniuit). 


(00  at  n<'troif, 
II  III)-  iitiicr 
tliiin  1.500- 
Miiiirh  at  IIih 
•lu'i-stouo  l>y 


rilAI'TKR  TV. 

I'LANTINil  Till!:  CUortH. 

Thv  (VnirrJi  <\f  the  IJnitnl  Statts  and  if  ft  t/nft/  trnnhh's  — 
lihfii>i>  (Utnnll  iliiri'tiiii/  the  pimiirrs  ttf  thr  Faith  - 
fu'itrtfrtoini  i'nlliili/iniililifl  Thv  Drst  Sintntl  «/  Haiti- 
worr—  Visitiiiif  liastmi  Priests J'rnin  Ffanrr--^'Kriti.s 
of  Erin"'-  lialtimori'  fn'i'ontt'fi  a.  vntropntitan.  hvh — J^^our 
neiD  Jiif<hop.f-~The  dnith  (f  Archliitihap  t'nrrolf. 

As  an  organized  body  flic  (^'atliollc  Cluncli  of  Anu-iinv 
now  fairly  began  its  li('av«>nly  ini.ssi(»n.  'I'lic  lield  was  vast, 
the  lnbor«»rs  few.  If  the  dark  limes  had  passed,  and  the 
beautiful  star  of  hope  sIioik!  i)rightly,  still  obstacles,  almost 
numberless,  appeared  on  <fvery  side.  The  majority  of  the 
('atliolics  wi're  ]»oor.  Most  of  theni  were  I  ithful  Irish  who 
liad  lied  from  l''nulisli  tyranny  and  spoliation;  nundx-rs  of 
them  were  exiled  Frt'iich  and  <iermans,  who  had  gladly 
«'scaj)e(l  from  the  ruin  and  dcsolatiuji  that  threatened 
Kuropean  society. 

In  matiy  Stjites  the  v«>ry  name  of  Tatholic  was  lield  in 
contem)»t.  The  battle  ground  was  changed.  It  was  no  longer 
!i  struggle  for  e.\ist«'nce  with  (jdidus  penal  enactments,  but 
a  ceaseless  conliict  with  igiuaance  and  fanaticism-  remains 
of  an  unhappy  past. 

At  all  hazards,  however,  the  Faith  was  to  he  jn-eserved 
and  extended.  To  nuiny  Catholics  thi'  very  sight  ui  ji 
jiriest  was  something  dimly  remend)ered.  They  liad  not 
beheld  one  for  years!  The  practice  of  their  religi(/n  was 
like  a  happy  dream  of  youthful  days  almost  forgotten, 
yet  the  sweet  memory  of  which  lingered  in  the  mind.  Tln^ 
Sunday  of  first  communion,  with  its  celestial  peace  of  soid 
—who  can  forgot  it?    In  the  life  of  the  true  Catholic,  it  is 

653 


im 


.vi»i  in: I  jniis  t.xnnni.i..  nn.i.r.  n. 


Wuxt  bit'l.t    .lav     tlmt    .lay  cf  U'.uity  wl.l.li  i^  '»   H' f"»*. 

'"nhl.np  Cain.ll.  MMiuMU  hiM.s,.!lNsith  /...«!,  rouniK';.  nn.l 
,„^,,.,„,.  ,,,li..lVHun..y..l  til..  lmm..n..«ll.'ia;  iin.l  UK"  »" 
;,1,|..  .•Mn.m.m.l..r,  Ini-l  -l.mn  his  plans,  an-l  ut  ...mm.  1..^.., 
„,„.,,„i„ns      With    HaUimor..  as  a  has.,   a.i.l  .■.•nr.-f  ..f   a<. 

,  .,„   h..  sunn  .na.h-his  ih.w.t  f.-l.  an.l  .vsj t...l  .-v.-n  K.  ih.. 

.x,....min.....f(i.-.,.,Ma,  Main...an.lMh-hl,an.     Af  1""' 

„,„„i,„l,  ,h..wis..i..vhU.^  sUilirulIy  .uan..uv..r.Ml  hN  snmll 

;iofaf..w.h./..ni>rl..sts.     U.  .av  ..a.l.  pas-.-h.- 1..-..- 

,,j,,lnn   ,h.....v.lhiMM.nlu   his    ,li(n.-ul...-s  ..'.......  M.K  him 

of  hishi.4hmiss,.,t.asa   ,n.-n.h.r  ul"  ih..    vany'uanl    -r  th-. 

:^    w,..l  into  „..utrals,  .UM-lian,^ 

i,„Muin'.v  ii.t.n..     Tl...    i..na-mv  an.l    U.fty /.cal   of  Dr. 
Vhih.  V.-.  IM-n-'  AlvHt.ai.^  I)^  (Enroll  haaVu'un    h.. 

h'.„u..H.U  s..nm,a.v  to  .••■n.lu.-t  th.-  stu.li..M  ..f  .•an.h.h,t..s 

f,„.   tli^    |..i..s!h I,  a...i  an  a..aa..my  for  th..   ..clurariun  ..f 

v..uth  Til.,  si...  s..hMt...l  l.y  its  v..ii..iMl.h.  r.am.h.r  for  this 
ii,st  an.l  ohh.Htol  onr  .•..11..MVH  .-uM  n..t  hav..  h....n  nmiv 
jn.lh-i.M.sly  .-hns.n,  .Mth.M-  f..r  l^'aliii.  a.lvantup.s  o(  Lm-u- 
tiou.  .>i-  b.'uuty  anagiuni-.iir  .jf  sc  .m-ry.' 

,  ^£f^:f  N.,r.h  r»r.ill„.i,     N..  I-m  I.  immirr,  ur  Mn'n-..|  l..r  nnil.l  liuv  "I''  "'1   '    H"' 
'"T."m.lonl.,.M.r.'-.n.''I.I..M|,.t,,ll...f  \VaM,hm.o,.V   M-lt  to  .i-'OWlown.    Tl..-  Ilulv   cllru.. 

.,,.,ln..l..n  ,..  n».  n,  ,.ni.U,  n.  M,-w  «hM,  .U-  l,..,.l.-.  .f  U-orK- ......  '"i"    •  "     ^         ^  " 

,..r.  ...Hi  u..  I.V  l.r,.,./...  ,„.,.).•  .!..•  party  Hl.lv.r,  .!.,•  Kr.at  .i....,.,u1  oL-iTvoU  tl.nl    iLcj   ImO  lo  |...r 

1„  ,1...  fall  nf  isoi.  .1...  H.„„.lar.l  of  Ht...l..>  «,..  ral-.i  a.al  'i.M.rcotown  hrcmo  n  roll..,'  •.      . 
M.      imr  la......  Ma.ll.o..  b.'!..,'  l-r...l.l....t  of  .1.-  I..!.-!  S.a..  ..  tl.c  cnll-r..  >v,.h  ..|.v,....l  hv  ..-■ 

.f  ■:,':-  to  .1...  ra.,U  of  a  ....h.r-lty.    Shortly  af.-r  tl.l.  .lat...  th.  •';'"''•••''''''='" '-"'"2^ 

cmitrol  of  the  l,..tU..llo..,  for  ..k  to  Ihln  Ihty  vvirf  oft...  u-.UUd  by  other  cltrgymin.    lU  pro*- 


11 


r,  //. 

1,  \h  n   JnyfnT>» 

1,  cniinm'*.  iiikI 
l ;  nixl  liUf  nil 
at  nncf  Im';,'!III 
(I  (■('iit«'r  of   lie 

•trd  rVfll  ti>  Mlf 

111.  A  spliiliiiil 
vi'iftl  his  sniJill 
jiiistiir  III-  lifiH'- 
I  villi  lit  I  in;?  Iiiiii 
iiiyuiinl  for  the 
iintliciu'tl  ;  t'lH' 
st  filt'iKN  ;  !iii«l 
Ird.  'I'lii'^  !<*  ii<» 
il'tv  /.*'nl    of  1M-. 

1i!ul  iK'triin  fill' 
|iliili  t'luliinrrd  :i 
'M  of  ctimrKlMf""* 
Ii.'  (>(liic:iti<»ii  (tf 
'oiindfr  r<»r  Hiis 

liilVf   bi'i'll   ninl'i' 
iiutuiios  «»f  loca- 


ii)(lo  ii'iil  111  li'iiniliiff  In  Iht' 

ur»  ufli'f  i>|ii'iiiil  II"  111'""  '" 

llllll    Wi"    III!'    flllUIMI"    Wli- 

mill  liiivr  'iliclid  II  |ila<i- 
lliiiii  111!'  mliurli-  iif  lituw- 

•I'loWII.  Till'  null'  CfillrUi' 
■rnf  liU  Coiiiilry  iirrhul  im 
I  i-iniiili'  nil  Iwiiri'.  mul  wu-* 
)fi'»»iir.  Till'  Fiiilii  r-i  kuw 
,  WiifliliiKHiii  <'>|)ri'«-<'il  lux 
1  ciijoy  ;  lint  un  It  wa-  win- 
rvcd  tlinl    lUcy  ImO  lo  pur- 

town  bodimp  n  rollruc  In 
e  tnlli'dc  wiiw  <'U'viili'(l  In-  mt 
[•  .hmll  Kill lictH  look  lorinul 
olliiT  ili'rgynu'n.    lu  pros- 


yrnsr  hkv.  .mns  r.\Mini.i.  d  n  ii.  n 


fJ.I.'l 


III  Xovt'nilM'i',  I7»M,  tilt'  IliiliMp  nMiviMM'l  Ills  HiHt  wyii'itl 
III  n;iltiiii<'!i'.  (I  iimuli -ri'il  iwiMity  tsvtt  cliMufyiiitMi.  Tin* 
Kiliitaty  iii<':i<«ur)>H  iii|ii|>'i' t  liy  that  lM>ily  r«>iiiaiii  toihlHihiy 
a  iiiHiiiiiui'iif  tif  iH  wixluiii. 

.\l)>)iii  iliitriiiK'  hr,  ('.ii'iiill  pill  hin  Hist  «'|t|sc(tpal  vlr«lt 
to  ilif  ciipllal  of  Ni'w  Kii;;laiiil.  "li  is  woml.-i ful."  hi« 
wrih'i,  "to  It'll  what  j^ii-ai  rivlliiits  Iia\i>  iMtn  »|oiii>  to  iii«> 
ill  H  isfoii,  nlit'f.'  a  finv  y.Mfs  aifo,  a  *  {•.•p!s||  '  pilfst  wan 
iliimi;hl  lo  l»f  till'  y;ii'.il''st  iiioii«»it'i'  III  rnaiioii,  Many  ln'ii*, 
I'Vrll  of  llli'll"  pl'llli'i|>:il  pi'oplf,  hav»>  iH'lviiowh'tl;;*  il  to  Hit' 
thai  tlify  woiild  havt*  i-rossi'il  to  thf  opiiotitu  »hln  of  tht> 
sti'ci't  iiillii-i' llniu  tiDM't  a  |{oiii;iii  C.il  Imlii- voiiii'  tiiia*  n^o. 
Till' honor  wliiili  was  axMtriatcil  wit  It  llii- itha  of  a  'papht' 
is  lii(!ii'(lll>l(' ;  and  t!it«  .si-atidaloiis  niisri-pivsciifalioii  hy 
their  ininish'rs  InrrtMHi'd  tin*  liorioi- «'v««iy  Siinliiy." 

()a  Ihf  other  >idt'  of  iIk-  Alhiiilie,  airaiis  had  ifachod  a 
teriihi''  nisls.  Whilf  hivine  I'lovidcnci'  was  pifpaiiiiK  on 
this  Wcstmi  Coiilintiit  a  new  and  Kinleliil  ll<ld  for  tin* 
wiM'd  of  liiitli,  il  was  disposing ''vciils  ill  Kiii'ope  and  oIImt 
coiiiif lies  for  supply iii'^' lint  Held  wiih /"aloiis  and  active 
lal)oi'ers  who  would  l»i'iii.r  I'lti'lli  fiiiit  in  ,L;ood  season.  The 
l-'ieiicii  Kevoliilioii,  Willi  all  lis  iiTeliuio'.is  lioiToi's,  burst 
npoa  the  world,  delimini,'  unhappy  Knince  in  the  Mood  of 
her  best  and  bravest  s  uis.  It  was  a  I'.'aiTiil  upheaval  of 
H(»eiety   -a  social  volcano. 

Hut  what  was  a  inisfoifuiie  fiu-  the  land  of  St.  Louis, 
])ioved  a  blessiiiir  to  the  I'lilted  States,  li-tween  171M  and 
17!»!>.  twenty-tliive  Fiencli  pri»'sts  soimlit  a  ivfiijifH  on  our 
Hhores.  In*  h'a^nint,^  virtue,  and  polished  manners,  they 
wero  worthy  representative.sof  tlieir  Diviau  Master.     Each 


iHTlly  .Int.'- from  till- pi.lnt.    I.,  IHO,  iIh'  i.-tr.mnmli'ul  oh-rrvulMrv  «vi.-  ..p'.t.'.I.    Tli.'  m.'.llrni 
.l.'imrtni.'iit  «,i-  ..|..'n.'.l  In  Mnv.  m\.  ""il  H'"  l"»  J.'l'urlin.'nl  In  Oiioli.r.  W^y 

Th.' .'..II.'U'.' coiiti.lii- H  ••|'I'''»II'""""''V  "' ""•"""  *"'""•'•"'  »  l"""""':'l  '"n'lrMilorv;  n  wcll- 
nil.il  iin.l  t.i-t.  rnllv  ,.iT.ii.«.M  .  nl.lM.t  of  M.ln.'n.l..i!V  ami  tf.'i.l..iry.  Tli"  H.l.il  timiil»'r  of  irm.Iii. 
ni,.-l»-Htl  Of  thi'"<.'a-.ll>'l"M,'ti.  ilii'iirl-,  Wl  lolli.'tiiiilUi..  iimlHI  II.  tli.-  law  (l.|mrlin.m». 
Till'  i.r.'..'i.t  ,„.n,l..'r..f  .t.iilint-  I-  -'*• :  |.r..fi'--..r-.  W,  (l,i.r«".i.  vn  r.ilvM'-lly  l.ii-  hmltu.nty. 
t«o|.r.".lili'..t-      Ani..n«tl..'«'"i.ri'l»i-h..p  niil.oiinr,  l»l.l...|.   [-.:,« liU,  anl    An'hhl-li..f,   N.ali'. 

Anioiiu' Ih.'  .ll-lltmiil-h.'il  pr..f.'»«i.r- of  llioru'i'town  may  I..'  nam.' 1  I''atliir-  W ■.•,  KohlMinn. 

S.'.<  I.I,  War.1,  K.illoM,  n.iil  S....i..i'r.    Tl..'  pr."..'..l    pr.-l.l.Ht  I-  U.'v.  I'alrlck  V.  ll.aly,  S.  ,l.-"  .1 
l-uimUir  IRnlory  qf  tht  dU/iolk  Hhiirch  in  tlu  OiiM  -stal**:' 


• 


0.'»(t 


Mofir  Hnv  jiius  iwnnntj.,  pnj.r.  n. 


I 


«n«»  wiiH  u  vnlimlil  •  riniultlflon  fon.iiryiHuiu  uml  MrunsxWni; 
niiirrli.  Kiifh  wuH  n  h<Mf  !ti  liitni'lf.  Hlx  ..f  ih..fn,  Klui?i.t, 
l'lii'v»«ni^,  iMilnMM,  Ibvi.l.  l)ulMMir«,  nfiil  Nfiuv«luil.  iiUvr- 
uiiiiU  lMM':imi«  '  hh'  I*-*  Tin-  iiiiu'"*  '*t  Miirl«n'»»,  Hii.ll?!, 
MI.Iimi'.Ih,  Ci  luiuil,  .Na«o».  N.«riii.kx,' uiul  ulhvr>»  ys\\\  b« 
Ih'l.l  ill  iMi.Mlirflon  ut  riK'  liifi'wt  iip'H. 

Till'  iirrlvtil  of  jlu'!4o  HoMh-rt  of  tlu-  <'roH»«  frmlilfM  Hhliop 
Ciirroll  i.M.xfiMil  iinl   piifly  <•  •ii«4o||.|iif.»  hin  viiMf   <t! h... 

'nii'('.illiuli«'('liuirhuftli.«rnlt.'ilSruh'^"wiyNAi«"lil»i^h<.p 

Hp.il.liiijr.  'I"*  <I"M''^'  III  I '••''•'•  »•»  ''"'  ''''"^  "^  ^*'"  •\IU'«» 
FiiMiih  Hh«v.  No  |Mi'tl.m  <»f  tli-  Aiiu'iictm  ('liuirli  owi'h 
mm-..  t.»  lliMtn  tliiin  that  ..f  K.'iUU'Ks.  Tli.'V  Mip|.ll.-.|  our 
inrant  iiiissioiis  with  in  -^tr  of  lln'ir  «'arll»'i'  »u«l  most  /.'aloiiM 
liihoivfs,  ami  tli.«y  lik.'wh..  pivf  to  us  our  first  hUhops. 
Th.TM  Is  sorni'tliln«  In  tlu«  ♦•lasfjcity  ritul  liuoyaiu-y  of  thti 
••lianirt.T  of  tliM  Kioncli  wliU-li  adapts  tli<>tn  in  ii  iM-ciiliar 
inaniitT  to  for»'i«u  mis  i  uis.  TIk-v  linv.  always  Itr.n  tlit< 
best  misslunarlt's  am  (U,'  tlu'  Not  111  Am«'riraii  Indians;  tln-y 
viux  mold  tln'hchan'lt'f  to  huU  itvH-y  clrnmistamM.  and 
iMni'wni'y;  tln-y  «'!in  b^  at  honi' and  rli»>t'iful  ♦'vi'IvwImti'. 
Till'  Kr«'ii<"h  «'l.'f;,'y  \vh<t  land*- 1  nii  our  slmn's,  tliou^r|i  umny 
of  tliiMii  Ind  l»":'n  rrainc'(l  uii  aniiil  all  tlio  rrrmcmt'nis  of 
]Milislii'(l  Fi'imi",  could  yi't  submit  without  a  murmur  to  all 
tli'(  hardshipH  ami  privations  of  ti  mission  on  tlu*  frontii'r.s 
of  olvlli/ition,  or  in  tln"  very  heart  of  tin-  wildorm-ss.  They 
n.uld  adapr  thcurvlvi's  to  the  cronatis  nudd  tlu-ms.dv.'s  to 
tlin  f'M'iiuu;s  an  I  habits  ..f  a  [.^-oidf  opposite  to  thcni  In 
tonipt'ram"nt  and  «'haruc't»;r." 

Scarcidy  had  the  ninctcculh  century  dawned,  wdien 
the  great  tide  of  iinmiirratioti  be<;an  to  set  in  f<»r  the 
Hhores  ol  the  New  \Vt»rld.  II'  Ih'  I'reiich  Uevolution  caused 
many  distiuiiuished  meu,  boiU  clerical  nnd  lay,  to  cast 
their  lot  in  our  land,  the  Irish  Uebellion  of  17!)H,  and  its 
fatal  termination,  likewise  feared  thousands  of  "Kxiles<.f 
Krin"  to  ^^eek  their  fortunes  In  some  clime  more  favored 
than  their  o..n  unhappy  Isle.     For  them  the  I  nited  States 

»  Fotlic*  Seriackx  \\%*  a  notlvo  of  lk>li{luiii-;i  nun  of  ulnanlariy  aiwtoN  and  »»lntl.v  life. 


A  n. 

•  mill  MtnmtfUtit) 
if  ihi-m,  Klui(i«f, 
fiUvrluil.  llfliT- 
itimiMti,  Hniilii, 
ulliviM    Mill  bu 

I'nrililfil   Uhlmp 

i«»   VIMl      <lilM'l'"<«'. 

myn  Ar«'|ilii«linj» 
of  titt)  r\IU'il 
II  ('liurrli  «>\\»'H 
y  MipplltMl  our 
1(1  most  /•'iilotiN 
f  IliMf  l)Uh(ip)*. 
iioyancy  of  tlio 
n  ill  II  pt'ciiliiir 

IWilVH     IliMll     llttt 

II  liidi.iUH;  tln'jr 
I'cimisliinc't'  luul 
fill  evfryw  JH-n'. 
M,  tlioii^'h  iiiiiiiy 

I  I't'lllK'IIM'IlN   of 

ti  inuriiiur  to  all 
)tt  tliH  fi'otith'i's 
ildcrtU'Hs.  'I'licy 

II  tlH'tllHclVl'H    to 

situ  to  them  in 

(linvutMl,  whon 
Ht't  ill  for  llu' 
j'Volutioli  CMilsrd 
ml  lay.  to  cust 
of  ITUH,  and  its 
Is  of  "  Kxilrs  of 
iit>  molt'  favor«'d 
he  I  iiitcd  States 


vovr  NKV  jonx  <\jiimf!.  im  r.r.n. 


(WT 


itoro  and  saintly  Ufo. 


httil  It  niyHteriiiiM  uttmctiun,  and  the  niar  r>f  ilfntiiiy  kiiUIi>4 
tlii'lr  roiirM*'  HMHfuiirit. 

Ir  uum-hlefly  on  iMt'oMiif  of  lliU  va«*«  NliMiim  of  iiiimltfi'ii< 
rion  that  our  riinirh  y;i«w  inpi«Uy  in  niinil'»MH.  In  |ho7 
tllM  t'afhojjc'*  ..f    N,.\v    Voili  City    luimlMTn)    llhonl    ||,ihm>. 

Hi»v«»ntt>«»n  ytniM  In-foi^  they  Heiv  set  down  al  le«e»  tlmn  "/,,' 
hini'tnil!  It  wuh  re^^mduil  «h  jwniMthliiK  iiiurvi'lonH,  when. 
In  IHiW,  hIx  piieHts  were  oidiiln«'d  In  one  day.  uhlrli,  writi -♦ 
r')i»veii»'iulili'  M,.  Ciiiolj,  was  •  .\  liaj.py  day  fur  fli.'dioeeM'.'' 
In    view    of    this    Inerea^e,     the    S..ve|eign    I'olillir    deeliad 

It  e.xpe.ljeni  to  lahe  llaltinnae  to  the  lank  of  a  Mettopoji. 
fan  See,  with  four  ••iiiria.ciin  lilshnpil.s     New  Voik,  IMilla 
di'lphia,  lli>ofoii,  niid  llardsft.wii,  K»nliiek\, 

'I'lie  Uev.  Miehael  K^an,  ().  S.  I',,  wa^  ai".poiiifi  ,|  to  riiil- 
ndejpiiia:  llev.  .Folm  ClieveniN,  tn  lloston;  nnd  Uev  |U>ih>> 
di<  t  riaK't.  S.  S.  S.,  to  Maidstown.  '||i,.y  were  all  ronwe. 
nated  l»y  .\ri'lih|slr»p  Carrol,  at  Uiliiniore.  hi  the  anliiiiiii 
of    ISJO.      'I'lie    Uev.     Liiive    Coliealieli,  ( ).  S.    }».,    appointed 

for  New  Yoi'k,  was  roiiHiM-rated  at  Utane,  hiit  he  died  iit 
Naples  on  the  «>v«  of  emiiarkin;,'  for  his  dioeeso.     At  this 

time   there  were  ahoilt   seventy   priests   and   eighty  chlirehes 

in  llit^  liiited  States,  witli  a  Catiiojie  population  of  pr<tl>. 
nl»ly  one  hnmlied  and  fifty  thousand.     Of  ilie  live  prelates, 
one  was  an  Anieiiean,  two  were  French,  and  two  Irish. 
Arelil»isliop  ( '.irroll  irJithered  aiouiid  him  the  new  ly  eonso- 

crated  hisliop  •  ill  council.       It  was  a  ^illlple  luil  \etielali|e  as- 

seiiilily.  Uulesof  di'^ci pi ine  Were  drawn  iipfor  ijic  futiiie^o\. 
ernnieiit  of  iIh'  American  Chiircli;  and  lhi<»win;,f  themselv<<ii 
in  spirit  at  tlie  feel  of  the  Sovefei;u:u  I'oiltiir.  these  piolieef 
prelates  of  tlie  New  Wolid  addiessi'i!  Iiim  a  lieailtirill  lelfei' 
of  suhiidssiMii,  aslxiim'  his  s;iiictioii.  instruction,  and  assist- 
jince  in  the  ;iovernment  of  their  clmrches.  They  also 
addresse<l  a  hri<'f  hut  admiraMu  pastoral  letter  to  the 
C.itholics  of  the  Cniteil  Sfat<'s. 

'I'lie  veiierahh*  Arclihisliop  now  devoti'd  the  remainder 
of  his  days,  stremfth.  and  enerjuy  to  the  ^'reat  W(»r!i  of 
building  up  the  Church  and  strennthenin;;  the  oiitpo.stiof 
religion  in  his  own  archdiocese.     Nothing  esca]»ed  Ids  gen- 


11' 


o:8  MosTni:y.JOJfxcM:i(orj..D.D..r.T..D. 

tie,  watchftil  cnvn  until  tlu'  li.irlit  <.f  this  ^vol•la  faded  from 

^'^ A  mmrter  of  a  niUuiy  l.a.l  voU.mI  by  since  lie  was  nvnted 
Bishop,  and  api.oin.ed  e.rlesiasti.al  vuI.t  of  t  us  1  <'pul"«'- 
(^odl'ad  l.lessed  his  labors.     Th.'  CntholK-Ch.nrh  ol    th.. 
I'l/ited  States  had  reached  a  point  in  iminbors  and  prosperity 
as  nnexpeeted  as  it  was  ..n.'onra.uin-.     When  his  episcopate 
b...an.  tl.e  cnnntrv  was  withont  relij,d..ns  orders  or  ednca- 
ti.'mal   cstablishn.enls.     .Now   there   was   a    great^  chanjxe. 
Chietlvbvhis  ex.M-tions,  the  .Jesuits.  Snlpit.ans,  Au-ustin- 
i,,ns,  IK.minh'ans,  ("araar.tes.   Visitation  Nuns    Msters  o 
Charity,  and  others  hud  planted  th.Mnselves  in  the  sod.  an. 
^vere  growing  up   like  beantifnl  vines  abont   the     ree  ot 
the  (Miureh.     The  Tnit- 1  Stat.'s  was  an  ..eelesiasti<-al  prov- 
ince, with  its  bishops,  an  incr.-asing  body  of  clergy,  and  a 
Catholi.  p..p.dt.tion  nun.b..ring  over  two  hundred  thousand. 
In  the  midst  of  tli.'se  hapju-  cii.annstances  dod  callr.l  away 
his  faithful  servant.     At  the  ripe  old  age  of  eighty-one,  on 
D.rendMT  M    bSj.'     departed   the   venerable    Dr.    tarroll, 
oquallv  diustrions  as  a  nran,  as  a  (^ith.dic,  as  a  patnof.  as 
a  .Tesuit  Fatlu-r,  as  a  Bishop,  as  an  Archbishop,  and  as  the 
Father  and  Founder  of  tlie  American  Church. 


VL 


^SWBBB 


L.n. 

)ilil  faded  from 

'  lip  was  crenttMl 
f  tliis  Kci)iil)lif. 
("Imicli  of   tli(! 
■sandprosiicrity 
11  hU  ei)isc(>i)at<' 
irdcns  or  iMlnca- 
gi'oat   cliMiiii*'. 
rians,  Autiustiii- 
ums.  Sisters  of 
i  in  tlio  soil,  and 
out    the   tree  of 
■Ifsiastical  prov- 
of  (•ier<ry,  and  a 
ndred  tlioiisaiid. 
(iod  callrd  away 
if  ei<:lity-one,  on 
l)le   Dr.'  Carroll, 
,  as  a  patriot,  as 
isliop,  and  as  the 
eh. 


I 


MRS.  E.  A,  SETON, 

FOUNDRESS    AND    FIRST    SUPERIOR    OF    THE    SISTERS    OF    CHARITY 
IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 


MOTHER  EI.IZABRTIl  ANN  SRTON, 

FOVNDUESS   tiF   TIIK    slsTl.ltS   ul'    (  IIAIIITY    IN    Till:    INITKI)    STATES.' 


CHAPTHR  I. 

KAIM-Y    YKAKS    oK   (»(lt    irr.lIOTN'K. 

liirfli — Parents — EiJui'dtUtn  —  lirlhjion — Pfrannnlappfrtr- 
(tiice — Marridfjii — S/>tn'f  '>/ /'.i'// — -'^■'*'  '*  luuthcr — Ululio 
if  Dr.  Bat/hi/. 

Elizabeth  Ann  P>!iylcy  was  born  in  New  York  City  on  tlio 
28tli  of  August,  1"7'  SIk!  was  tin;  younger  duughtcr'  of 
])r.  llicluird  Bayley,  A  distinguished  American  pliysician. 
In  her  tliird  vear  doatli  deprived  tlie  child  of  the  atl'ection- 
ate  care  of  iier  mother ;  but  slie  found  a  tendi;."  and  most 
excellent  guardian  in  her  accomplished  father. 

I)r,  ]i;iyley  watched  over  the  education  of  liis  littlo 
daughter  witli  the  most  loving  and  ceaseless  solicitude ;  and 
as  she  advanced  in  life  all  her  affections  became  centered  iu 
her  father.  Elizabeth  manifested  this  unbounded  attach- 
ment in  various  ways.  Often,  when  at  school,  she  would 
learn  her  task  cpiickly,  repeat  it,  and  then  watch  a  favor- 
able opi)ortunlty  of  eluding  the  vigilance  of  her  mistress,  in 
order  to  run  down  the  street  to  meet  her  father,  whoT)assed 
that  way,  embrace  him,  and  then  hasten  back  before  the 
old  lady  could  notice  her  absence ! 

Miss  Bayley  was  brought  up  in  the  doctrines  and  prac- 
tices of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  to  which  her 


•  Chief  niitlioritlcH  iiscd:  Rev.  Dr.  Whito,  "  Life  (if  MrB.  K.  A.  Heron;  "  "  Ueroine*  of  Charity;  " 
"A  Popiiiiir  History  of  the  Catholic  CImreh  in  tliu  Uiiitud  Stales.'' 
'■>  Dr.  Bayley  had  only  two  children— daughters. 

659 


m  mmn'mi^imw*- 


('>?){) 


Moriihii  icLizMihrni  axm-etos. 


jtin-iiH  iind  !ill  li»'r  frifruls  Ufloiiu'i'il.  n<T  niin<"i.  liowover. 
was  IVft'  rrdiii  any  tiiijivol'  biyotry,  jiikI  sIu'  fVfii  ailiiiin-d 
s(»iiii'  Ciitliolic  piacliscs  ol'  piety.  She  woiv  on  lu-r  jjcrsun 
*a  small  «'ni<'ili\'  -flu'  tMiiltlciii  of  man's  ifdcmptinii  -and 
\vas  (tft<'n  heard  !<»  express  lier  nstonisliment  that  this  ens- 
turn  was  not  more  prevalent  iimoiii;'  pei>ons  of  lier  own 
eommiinio]). 

In  the  ^^rowtli  ol"  Miss  T.ayley  ue  fioiico  an  ndmiraltle 
harmony— liody.  min<l.  ehanicter,  all  ^ivw  and  liiiened  to- 
tceiher.  An  excellent  character,  molded  h\  natnre  and 
eilncation.  ruled  her  every  act.  In  person  she  \\as  of  low 
^.tat^re,  hut  her  ti.Liiire  was  well  proi)orii(«ned,  and  her  move- 
meats  jrracefnl.  There  was  a  charm  in  her  vivacity  and 
rlieerfulni'ss.  A  i)!'ri"ecl  symmelry  was  disiilayetl  in  her 
I'ealures.  which,  with  the  spark^nl^•  yet  mild  e.\p;c>s;on  of 
lier  eye,  reudereil  liei-  (oantenance  the  v(  ry  mirroi- of  u 
noble  and  inlelUuent  soul. 

Such  was  Mi>;s  Mayley.  when,  in  lier  twentieth  year,  slie 
became  111"  wile  of  Mr.  William  Seton.  a  hi,i;hly  res|u'ctab]e 
merchant  of  New  York  (Mty,  part  of  whose  early  life  had 
bi-eu  sjjejit  in  a  niMcantlle  house  in  L'.irhorn  ;  a  circaim- 
statice  upon  which,  as  tlie  sequel  of  our  narrative  will  show, 
was  mystei'oiisly  dependent  her  conveision  to  the  Catholic 
faith,  and  all  its  consequent  blessiiij;s  lo  (ountlc^s  .^^onls. 
Endeared  to  a  large  circle  of  admiring-  friends  by  her  lively 
disi)ositiou  and  numerous  virtues,  and  married  to  an  e.sti- 
lU'.ible  and  prospeious  man,  every  wordly  liappiiiess  seemed 
now  to  be  ojiened  around  her:  but  instead  of  forgetting  in 
th'se  gifts  their  transitory  nature,  she  kept  strictly  before 
her  mind  that  every  dispensation  of  life  (iune  ficmi  (lod; 
and  was  thus  iio*^  unpreiKired  for  those  trials  and  adversi- 
ties which  it  was  His  will  sliould  be  her  ])oition. 

Within  the  lir^t  ye.ir  of  lier  marriage.  w;it:ng  lo  h«  r  hus- 
l)\u',  who  was  necessarily  absent  fiomlie:-,  and  e.vpt  s  d  to 
so'ne  dangei'  of  the  yellow  fever,  she  calms  her  natural  anx- 
iety by  tlu  reflection  that  "patience  and  submission  are 
the  only  ways  to  gain  the  blessings  of  Heaven.''  And  to 
another  person  she  writes,   "We  are  not  always  to  have 


MOTH  Kit  Ki.izMtiyrii  anx  seto^t 


001 


iiiixT.  liowcver. 

oil    llt'l'    JJlTSdll 

(Icttiiitidii  and 
t  lliiit  tliis  ciis- 
iis  of  licr  «t\v:i 

•.  nn  ndiniraMH 
Hid  ri}it'iied  to- 
Ity  nature  and 
slic  \\as  ol"  low 
,  and  lif'i'  niovH- 
r  vivacity  and 
sjilaycd  in  Iut 
il  ('xp:'('>s;()n  of 
I'v   niiiTor  of    ii 

atictli  year,  slie 
Li,ldy  i('s|u'ctal>I(' 
e  early  lil't'  liad 
orn  ;  a  circnni- 
ativc  will  sliow, 
to  tilt'  Catliolic 
((juntlc^s  souls. 
Is  by  lici'  lively 
ried  to  an  esti- 
ippiness  seemed 
)t'  i"(ir<iettin<z;  in 

stiiclly  before 
inie  from  t^od; 
ds  and  adversi- 
lion. 

itin;;  to  lur  luis- 
and  expt  s 'd  to 
her  natural  anx- 

sid)nnssion  are 

'aven.''    And  to 

always  to  liave 


what  wo  lilvp  best  in  this  woild,  thank  Heaven!  for  if  W(* 
hail,  how  soon  we  should  forget  the  other,  iIk'  place  of  einl- 
l('ssi)ea('e;  whero  they  win v were  muted  by  virtue  iind  af-^ 
f»>ction  here  will  surely  enjoy  that  union  so  often  Inter- 
rupted while  on  theii'  jouriK'y  houie,"  Xor  are  these  le- 
niarUs  men;  matters  of  couise-  fi-otn  >riN.  Scton  I  hey  meant 
all  that  is  said.  Xatiirally  atni:d)le  though  she  was,  il  was 
in  constant  prayer  ami  meditation  that  she  sought  for 
strength  and  wisdom  to  meet  the  exigencies  of  her  daily 
intercourse  with  the  w<»rld.  Mucli  of  lu'r  time  was  always 
spent  in  this  manner;  and  it  was  not  in  words  only,  but  in 
lieart  and  soul,  tluit  she  reforrcid  every  event  and  hope  to 

(;od. 

About  the  beginning  of  the  year  bsoo,  Mr.  Seton's  alTairs 
b(>came  much  emlvtrrassed  from  the  coiisecpiences  of  the 
war,  and  other  vicissitude.s  always  incident  to  trade.  Mrs. 
Setim's  well-discii)line(l  mind  rose  in  proportion  to  tlui 
necessities  of  th(^  o( casion  ;  and  she  not  only  cheered  him 
by  her  unfailing  courage  and  ''ortitude,  but  aided  him  ef- 
lil'iently  in  the  arraugeuKMit  of  his  papers.  "  It  v.ould  not 
do,"  she  said,  ''for  hearts  and  fortunes  to  sink  togelht>r." 

For  her  own  i)art,  she  turned  her  strength  and  consolation 
to  tin?  only  source  of  botli ;  and  the  following  prayer  will 
show  very  vividly  the  true  state  of  her  nnnd  at  this  period 
of  her  life:  ''The  cu^)  that  our  Father  has  given  ns,  shall 
we  not  driidc  it  i  O  blessed  Saviour  !  by  the  bitterness  of 
Thy  i)ains  we  may  estimate  the  power  of  Thy  love  ;  we  are 
sure  of  Thy  kindness  and  compassion.  Thou  wouldest  not 
willingly  call  on  n.s  to  suffer ;  Thou  hast  declared  unto  us 
that  airthings  shall  work  together  for  our  j(j;ot)d,  if  we  are 
faithful  to  Th(H« ;  and  therefore,  if  Tliou  so  ordainest  it, 
welcome  disappointment  and  poverty,  welcome  sickness  and 
pain,  welcome  even  shame  and  contempt  a-.d  calumny.  If 
this  be  a  rough  and  thorny  path,  it  is  one  wliich  Thou  hast 
gone  before  us.  AVhere  we  see  Thy  footsteps,  we  cannot 
repine.  Meanwhile,  Thou  wilt  support  us  with  the  conso- 
l.itions  of  Thy  grace ;  and  even  here  Thou  canst  more  than 
compensate  us  for  any  temporal  sufferings,  by  the  posses- 


a    - 

If 


T 


C02 


MOTHER  EUZADKTll  vl.V.V  SHTOX. 


slon  of  thnt  poace  which  th(^  worhl  <-an  neither  glvo  nor 

take  away."  ,  .         . 

In  th.'  rours.M.f  yoars  Mrs.  Hoton  bocanio  tho  mothor  of 
live  childivn.  Anna  Maria,  William,  Ui.hara,  Cathmno- 
.TosHi.himNanl  llAm^m.  Sh..  was  tho  ronilrst  an.l  n...st 
tonch-r  (.f  ni:>th.'r.s ;  but  h.-r  love  was  purillfd  and  stn'iiKth- 
ened  by  tlw  <-..ntinual  n'll.'cticn  that,  shnhad  n'oivt-d  tlieso 
chlhlreii  from  (Jo.l  to  train  them  for  His  kinK<lom.  Sin 
watclu'd  over  tlioir  spiritual  welfare  even  more  anxiously 
than  over  their  temporal;  and  was  not  restrain.-d  by  any 
human  weakiu-ss  from  ^'uidin-  them  inllexibly  in  what  slio 
believed  to  b  ■  flie  ri-lit  way.  Still,  her  reproofs  were  min- 
gled with  sweetness  ;  and  withtln^  sure  taet  of  a  mother  s 
heart,  she  won  them  to  the  knowled-e  and  love  of  virtue. 
Sh.'  would  writt;  short  notes  to  them  on  particular  occa- 
Hions.  which  im;.r.'ss..d  their  minds  with  ccntriticm  fortlie-r 
little  faults,  and  inspired  desires  to  form  and  persevere  in 
the  happiest  resolutions  ;  nor  was  any  opportunity  suffered 
to  pass  away  unimproved,  that  could  lead  their  infant  hearts 

"The  followln-  n  )t.3,  a Idre'ss:'!   to   her  eldest   daughter 
when  a  very  littl.^  girl,  may  b;'  tak.Mi  as  a  specimen  of  the 
simple  but  earm'st  tone  of  unafT.'cted   goodness  which  per- 
vades these  compositions:  -  My  dearest  Anna  munt  remem- 
ber that  our  Hhvss.nl  Lord  gave  ns  the   parable  of  tho  wise 
and  foolish  virgins  to  make  ns  careful  to   choose  our  part 
with  the  wise  ones,  and  to  keep  us  in  readiness  for  11  is 
coming  which  will  lie  in  an  hour  that  we  know  not  of ;  and 
should  lie  tind  ns,  dear  child,  out  of  the  road  of  our  duty 
like  sheep  gon.^  astray  from   their  shepherd,  where  shall 
we  hide  from  His  presence,  who  c:m  stn,  through  the  dark- 
est shades,  and  bring  ns  from   the  furthest  ends  of  the 
world?    If  we  would  please   Him,  and  be  found  amongst 
His  children,  we  must  learn  what  our  duty  is,  pray  to  Him 
for  grace  to  doit,  and  then  set  onr  whole  heart  and  soiU  to 
perform  it.     And  what  is  your  duty,  my  dear  child  ?     \  ou 
know  it,  and  I  pray  God  to  keep  you  in  it;  that  in  that 
blessed  day  when  He  shall  come  to  call  ns  to  our  heavenly 


MOTH  mi  KUZMiETll  ANN  SETON. 


Ithor  glvo  nor 

\\w  motbor  of 
iicl,  C!iitlu'rin<'- 
Irst  and  most 
L  and  stronKth- 

receivt'd  tlu'so 
iinj?dom.  Slin 
loro  anxiously 
rulncil  ])>•  any 
)ly  in  what  sho 
•oofs  wen^  min- 

of  a  niorluM-'n 
lovo  of  viitni'. 
articular  ocfu- 
trition  fortlic'r 
d  jjcrsovore  in 
rtunity  suirercd 
t'ir  infant  hearts 

Idf'st   dau»i;hter 
ix'cinion  of  tho 
loss  which  jx'r- 
ianiu.-!t  ronu'in- 
ble  of   th«  wisH 
lioose  our  part 
adiness  for  His 
()\v  not  of ;  and 
ad  of  our  duty, 
rd,  where  shall 
Dugh  the  dark- 
est ends  of  the 
found  amongst 
is,  pray  to  Him 
eart  and  soul  to 
i-ar  child  1    You 
t;  that  in  that 
to  our  heavenly 


honiP,  wo  may  spo  our  dear  Anna  in  fhn  number  of  those 
l)less*'d <!luldreu  tu  whom  Ho  will  say,  'Come,  ye  hlossed  of 
my  Father.'  y^,^,,^  ,,^^.^  ,,^;^,j  Motiiku." 

Nor  was  it  to  her  own  rliildrcn  alone  that  Afrs.  Seton'a 
intluence  was  <'orilln«'(l  She  sought,  whcu'v.'r  it  was  i)os- 
sihle,  to  draw  tiie  hearts  of  others  to  the  <'onsideration  of 
their  true  w»'lfare  ,  and  that  in  a  strain  of  suehall't'ctionato 
fw)li<'itude,  that  her  ('!r(»rtM  wen*  sfldoiii  allogt'tluT  without 
effect.  And  not  <'(»ntt'nt  with  giving  good  advice,  she  also 
set  a  most  edifying  example  of  aclivi'  charity  towards  the 
poor  and  sulVeriug.  So  zealous  was  she  in  this  respect, 
that  she  and  another  relative  who  frecpiently  accompanied 
her  were  commonly  called  TroteslanI  Sisters  of  (Jharity. 
Oiu'  wlio  knew  her  well  at  this  time  says  of  her,  "She  con- 
sidered no  sacrilice  too  great  to  promote  th(^  glory  of  her 
lieavenly  Muster,  and  add  to  the  felicity  of  her  fellow-crea- 
tures." 

It  is  woifhy  of  r>>m!uk  also,  with  what  singtilar  fervor 
and  dev(ttion  Mrs.  Seton  was  in  the  habit  of  receiving  the 
Lord's  Supper,  as  it  is  called,  in  the  J']i)iscopalian  Church. 
Ht!r  whole  s;)ul  w.is  b'lit  o  j  r(Mching  our  Saviour's  pi-es- 
ence;  and  she  would  often  after  the  service  obtain  some  of 
the  remaining  ehMuents,  and  even  go  fiom  one  church  to 
another  to  renew  her  participation  in  this  rite,  which  ap- 
pears to  liavo  been  administered,  at  certain  fixed  but 
rare  intervals,  simultaneously  in  all  the  churches  of  the 
city. 

In  1801  she  lost  lier  venerated  and  beloved'  father,  Dr. 
Bayley.  The  close  attachment  sid)sisting  between  parent 
and  child  had  been  only  more  firmly  cemented  by  the  lapse 
of  years  ;  and  although  her  father  liad  married  a  second 
time,  and  she  herself  was  surrounded  by  all  the  engross- 
ments of  a  young  family,  Mrs.  Seton  never  failed  to  devote 
a  portion  of  every  day  to  visiting  him  in  tlie  midst  of  his 
arduous  and  benevolent  labors. 

Health  physician  to   the  jwrt  of  New  York  during  the 
last  three  or  four  years  of  his  life,  he  found  full  scope  for 


T 


on4 


mwF.n  n.iz.xnF.ru  ass  setos. 


his  uiilioiiiKl.Ml  pliilMUllaopy  iium.iijx  tlu'  vcss.-ls  d.-taiiiM  in 
.|u:iiiUihii.'  on  iMvoiint  ..f  tin-  y.-llow  IVvir,  ^vliicli  \\:is  iIk-m 
r!i;iiii:;  Tli."  scnirs  (.1"  distivsM  nil  iuniiiul  I  im  "•  i"  juMt 
.jc'^cHplinii  v.'l  tli.iv  Iti^  .•iuT^'«'li<'  im.l  pui.  i.;I'h  t^lilt 
H.'iMiir.l   to   lliid    its   tni.'  fh'in.'iit       11. •    "iis    .•v.-iywii.-io 

aiiMMinst   th.'  sirk   mi.l   tlu'  d.viii;,",    hIwuv-h  <1 ifiil.  iinti 

11..V.T  w.'iu yiiij;.  (Jliidly  would  liis  diiiiKldrr  liavr  Imtii  nt 
his  sido,  to\slian.'  hiH  ii(ibl.'  flVoits  for  tlu-  iH...f  siiirniiii,' 
..-.ni-iants,  who  w.-iv  dyiii«  l)y  lnmdi.Mls ;  ind.Md.  s<. 
Htr<»n^dv  was  her  sympithy  cx.'it.-.l  on  ih<ir  I.d.air.  ilmt 
uothmi  hut  htT  fath.T's  positive  imdiiititiou  U.'pt  li"r 
fnmi  w'^caain-  lu-r  own  infant,  that  >lu"  ndj;lit  Inron..'  ii 
nurse  to  Hoino  of  those  unfortunate  babes  who  were  peri.h- 
in^'.  simply  f»"<">»  wiml'd'  nourishuieut.  bcsido  tin  !r  (lead  or 
iWwvX  niotlicrs.  She  was  als.  tnueh  sirucU  at  this  tiiu**  by 
th  '  ieli-ritius  devotion  which  sho  witnessed  !Miion<;'  the  poor 
laiihlul  Irish  eiidjirants,  wlh.se  lirst  act  on  landiuKal  Staieu 
Island  was  to  asseaib!  •  under  the  oi)en  (-anopy  (»f  heaven, 
and  Uneelin,u;<lowii,  to  ii'h»rti  (Jod  for  His  mercy. 

It  \v:is  in  the  disch'.a'juce  of  his  duly  anionnsf  the  eini.urants 
lliat  Dr.  Ilayley  *  hist  seized  with  the  illness  which 

within   a  weeis.  <'a.  ..   to   the  ^rave.     Mrs.    Seton'rt 

nniAuish  can  scarcely  scribed;   shn  watched  day  and 

niulit  besi(h*  his  bed,  ii.,j;  him  and  ]>rayin^'  for  him; 

bill  her  sp(M'ial  subject  oi  anxiety  was  the  prosix'ct  of  his 
.soul  ft»r  all  eternity.  It  is  true  that  lu!  was  nuich  re- 
spected and  beloved  tor  Itls  generous  benevoh'iice  and 
manv  other  excellent  (pialities;  btit  he  had  imbibed  what 
were  then  called  "philosophical  ]>rinciples";  ho  that  the 
h)ving  and  devout  heart  of  liis  dau^diter  was  tortured  by 
uncertainty  as  to  the  condition  of  liis  .soul  in  the  sight  of 
God.  Under  these  circumstances  no  sacrilice  seemed  too 
great,  if  only  she  could  wring  therefroni  f-cnui  confidence 
SIS  to  his  acceptance  with  (fod.  Leaving  his  dyitig  bed  for 
an  instant,  she  took  from  the  cradle  her  .sleeping  infant ; 
and  going  out  into  the  open  air,  she  raised  it  to  heaven, 
and  thus  appealed  to  Infinite  Love:  "()  Jesus,  my  merciful 
Father  and  God,  take  this  little  innocent  offering ;  I  give  it 


juuTiiLU  Ki.rz,\nh:rii  ass  f^ros. 


UUO 


» (Icfaliu'fl  In 

ell  \\:is  I  hen 
II  wtH'  l>i;.st 
( |(;|'S    I  [lilit 

cvcivwlit'l*' 

liiTrfiil.  tiud 

iiiv«'  lu't'ti   lit 

i(»r  siiirTiii^ 

iudi'id.    so 

|M-Ii:iir.  tliMt 
in  I;«'i>t  \u'V 
it  Iicnm.*'  a 
were  iicii-'h- 
l!ii  irdciul  «tr 

tills  lime  by 
on;;'  lilt'  podi' 
liii<;al  Sfiiicii 
y  of  Iiciivt'ii, 

he  cmi.'iraiits 
illness  wliich 
Mrs.    S.'ton'i* 
1m'(1  day  and 
in^  for  liini ; 
■osjM'ct  of  his 
as   nmcU   re 
«>vol«'n<'(>  and 
inbibt'd  wliat 
,   so  that   th(5 
4  tortuied  by 
the  si^ht  of 
i\  seemed    too 
110  ronfidence 
lyilij?  bed  for 
epinj;  infant ; 
it  to  heaven, 
).  my  mercifnl 
•ing ;  I  give  it 


to  Tht-e  witli  all  my  luMirf  ;  taU."  it.  my  Lord.  h:\i  save  my 
fiillifi's  soul  !"  TIk'  ehild  Uiis,  howi-vrr.  spiiivd,  I  i  Iu'comip 
Willi  ils  nioth.-r  a  iiii-iiiImt  of  ilii>  Iiik'  <'liiire!i;  ami  Dr. 
jlaylfV  expired  on  I  lie  UHli  of  August,  ISOI.' 

riidfr  litis  heavy  trial,  Mrs.  SpIoii  s  deteiiiiiiialioii  to 
love  and  to  serve  (lod  was  only  tlit»  more  streii^ilieiit  d  ; 
iiiid  sill'  thus  reeords  her  lirni  resolve  to  u>r  every 
means  in  her  power  to  "work  out  her  Halvation":  "Sfd- 
eninl\.  ill  Ihe  preseiiee  of  my  .liid-re.  I  ri  solve  through  His 
(jiiic.'  to  reiiieiiiber  iiiy  iiirmuily  aiiil  my>iii:  to  U.-ep  the 
door  of  my  lipn;  to  eotisider  the  eaiise  of  st.irow  for  sin 
in  III  .sell',  a'.id  lliH,'  wli  Me  souls  are  as  dear  to  me  us  my 
own;  to  iln'ck  and  restrain  all  uMeless  words ;  to  d.-iiy  my- 
self and  e.vereise  that  severity  that  I  know  is  dm'  to  my 
sin;  to  jud^.' mys.'lf,  tle-ivby  triistiiiL:  through  meiry  iliat 
1  shall  u  )L  bi!  .severely  judged  by  my  Lord." 


I  Till-  iMMtiiiliiiiv  l«  to  111-  foiiiiil  iininiiif  Mr«.  Jlrtnn'n  pn|i«T«.  In  Iicto\mi  liaiidwrlllna, 
iiikI  iiMi-l  iiiiil.;ilily  n  fir-  lo  lni-  fiitlur; 

••III-  M.liT  I-  |..  iiill  iih  iiilaliiiil  iixli.irllicMli-iKimllii'.MMiclrnrniiniL'i'lli.'iiciiiiillm.'i'iilTi'nT, 

uho  -hiliik-  Hill.  r:.-l!MhMi-  .l.ll.mv  fi.iin  nM>  "f  llir  iniinll f  Itir  li.iilliiu  ml.     Nor  l«  ll»  In- 

llii.iHT  Ir- -iiliilaiv  to  III.'  IhIiiu  who. -liiiU.n  In    Hi''  Innpr-l-  of  III.'   w.irl.l.  vrt -liiiwlc-  <n 

lirav.'  Ihini.  anil  -iipi""!  »  'I"'"'  "•  "" "'"'  f"r'liii<l<'.     NuMH''  I"i-  <iiiI"«i<I  lilni  "ll'i  Hint 

,,iil,k-.ii-ll.llllvliv  »lilih.  «illi>i'il  iiiiv  pri'iloi-  .iii.ly.l iilri- lino  .'Miv  rlianiil.r:  iiml  llio 

I,  iiilir  iiit.ii-l  li.'ink.  -  ill  111.'  nilii'i'-  I'kIh-.  »'  «'H  "»  'l»'  '""">'"■  •■"""  "''I'"'*-  ""  i""""*  "- 

n.M'-  III  111-  sl.iv.  mill  m-  ll   to  ri'.vU.'  111.'  -|"<l.-  of  <oii-ol.il h.'-l  iiiliil.lr.l  lo  II-  vvillll*.     It 

111  ly  lie -alil  of  lilm.  a-of  ili.' .■.Iilmiliil  anil  iiiifi.rliiiial.'  ZInini.riimn.  Ilml  lif  ik'M'I  vl-ltcil  u 
iiali.'iil  wllhoiil  niakliii;  a  frliiiil '■  

■rill,  nniliiii'  of  ilianiri.r.  .In.«  n  by  111.-  |M'n  of  Mr«  S.lon.  \*  not  Wo*  cmll.  -  '•■  »-.  Ii.r  a-  iiii 
tl.'iiaiil  «ri|.'r.  Iliaii  lii.iii.ial.l.'  lo  li.r  father  iik  u  lll^^lll^!ul»llt•ll  ornumciil  of  H  ...  .Ucul  lirofi'H- 
nIoii  ill  Aiiii'rU'U.  -  y.V  I ,  />!■.  W/dti. 


I 


CUAPTKU  II. 

TIIK  VoYAiii:  TO  ITALY. 

Mr.  Sffnn'Mhni//h  thvlhits  A  xm  munijr  propnMtff^r^ifi 
nniaifv  -M  l.oihniii  /'r/iJn'rfurrM—"/'nni-  Wi//hnil" 
-  '/hnf/i  iif  Mr.  Srtt,ii  lluir  shr  iras  most  kiinlfif  lr>nf,(l 
hijihv  .Ur.tsrs.    nnrrni      At  M,ts.^  -  Srriii>.s/rui/l  fi  ftr/ft. 

Ill  ih..  spriiifi  of  im\  Mr.  S-'fciii's  li.-nltli,-  alwiiys  <l.'li.-:it.', 
H.'nNil)ly  (l.-(liii."«l  ;  iiiid  u  N<'ii  vny;w  was  |('C(.iuiii»'Ii«1<m1  l.y 
liis  physiriMiis.  II.'  rcjsolv.'d  iip.ia  \  isiliiii;  Italy,  and  n-ru'W- 
in;,.  iM-Isuiialiy  an  liuiiiiacy  fMiiii('<l  In  y(.utli,  aii.l  ciiitiiiii.  <l 
by'i'omiiH'rciiil  liiti'icoiirs*',  with  tlut  Mfssis.  KilU-rlil.  ills, 
tiniruisli.-.l  incirlKiiits  of  L!'j;li..rii.  Mis.  S.-ton  coiild  imt 
allow  him  to  travel  ni  his  weak  state  without  h»'i-  watclifi.l 
tMiv,  anl  t  iklii,'  luM-cld.'Ht  diu^lit  -r,  tlu-n  iMght  yours  <.ld, 
forl'u'i"  littltwonipanion.  sho  coiiimitt.'d  hvv  other  rhildivn 
to  Ih.'carc  of  lifi- relations  diniii','  h'r  aliscncc  Little  at 
the  tiirii'dld  hIi!"  coiiteaiplafe  the  iiionientoiis  results  that 
jdiiniey  was  to  hriiig  forth.  Il-r  mind  was  alwcn-lmd  in 
anxious  uncertainty  about  her  hushamVs  liealth;  but  her 
conridenc'o  in  (tod  still  kept  her  calm  and  resi;j;ned. 

"Not  on;<  struLT^le  nor  despoudin,'  thou.^dit  to  contend 
witli,"  she  writes  io  a  friend  when  alxmt  midway  «)n  her 
passago  to  Italy;  "conlidiuL,'  hoi)e  and  consoling;  peaco 
liave  attended  my  way  throuj-h  storms  and  dangers  that 
must  liave  terrilled  a  soul  whose  rock  is  not  Christ." 

ller  child  caught  the  whooping  cough  on  tlie  voyage ;  and 
slie  was  thus  constantly  occupied  in  nursing  botli  her  si«'lc 
husband  and  suifering  cliild.  Neither  lier  courage,  liow- 
over,  nor  lier  patience  seem  ever  to  have  failed  her ;  not 
oven  when,  on  tlieir  arrival  at  Leghorn,  they  were  pre- 
vented from  landing,  or  at  least  were  obliged  to  remain  for 
666 


i 


leacn^  6»w:w-A'irw  <■■■<■■' 


tpost'tf — 7'//'; 
/•  Willioin" 
'nnlhftnntid 
/'it) III.  hlh  iH, 

iiyn  (l«>li('iit»', 
lumt'ndrtl  by 
\,\  iiiid  n'lii'W- 
lid  (-(iiitiiiiK  (I 
l-'ilirrhi.  (lls- 
)!l   could    Mot 

her  watclifiil 
lit  yours  old, 
thcr  rliildrcn 
•»!.  Little  at 
I  n'Mults  tliiit 

ul».s(»r1)o(l  ill 
dtli;  but  her 
tiK'd. 

It  to  coiitcnd 
dway  on  iu*v 
isoiinj;  pcac** 
dangers  tliat 
liiist." 

voyage ;  and 
)oth  lier  siek 
;ouruge,  liow- 
iled  her;  not 
ey  were  pre- 
to  remain  for 


yorilF.H  KIIXMiKTII  ASS  SKTO.X, 

pnmo  timo  In  the  la/.arettn.  **nn  lnini"ns«  i»rU<»n.'  Mi-« 
JStitun  writes,  •'with  a  high  window,  double  grated  wiili 
iron;  through  whiih,  if  I  should  want  anything,  1  nin  to 
rail  a  sentinel  with  a  corked  hat  and  lotig  rith-d  gun  "  TIiih 
nioun\fid  inlrodiicfi(»ii  to  li'ghorn  is  thus  toiichingly  de 
I  cribed  In  her  journal  by  the  alTectionale  wife  \>|io  had  ho 
fon<ll\  ho|M>d  that  her  husband  niighl  lind  renewed  life  in 
Itiily.  it  being  "explained  that  out  Nhip  was  the  first  to 
bring  the  news  of  the  yellow  fever  in  New  Yorl<,  she  inu«*t 
go  out  into  the  roads;  and  my  poor  Williatii,  l)eing  sick, 
iiiu.st  go  with  his  b.igg.ige  to  the  la/ari'tlo  " 

*'At  tlih  moaienl  tho  band  of  ninsic  that  always  web 
comes  strangers  came  under  oiir  <abin  window,  playing 
*  Ib'il  (-'olumliiu,*  and  those  little  tunes  that  set  tlie  darlings 
dancing  and  singing  ill  home.  Mrs.  ()  Mrien,  the  caiitains 
wife,  nnd  tlie  r«>t  were  almost  wild  with  j(»y  ;  while  i 
was  glad  (o  lilde  in  my  berth  the  full  heart  of  sorrow  which 
hcenied  as  if  it  must  break.  You  cannot  liave  an  idea  ;if 
the  looks  of  my  i  c)  »r  >Villiam,  who  seemed  as  if  lie  could 
not  live  over  the  day.'' 

Landed  at  length,  "we  were  directed  to  go  opposite  to 
the  window  of  the  capltano's  house,  in  which  sat  Mrs. 
l'hilii»  I'Mlicchi  compliments  and  kind  looks  without  num- 
ber. A  fence  was  between  us,  but  I  IVar  did  not  hide  my 
fatigues,  both  of  soul  and  l)ody.  I'irst  we  luul  cherries 
han<led,  or  rather  jdaced  for  us  ;  for  after  we  had  t<»uched 
them  they  «'oi:ld  not  go  back  to  tin*  house.  .\t  hnglh  we 
were  shown  the  (io(,r  we  were  to  enter  No.  n,  up  twenty 
Htone  steps— a  room  with  high  arclie<l  ceilings,  brick  floor, 
nnd  naked  walls.  The  capitano  .sent  three  warm  egg.s,  a 
bottle  of  w  ine,  and  some  slices  of  bread. 

"  Williiim's  midtress  was  soon  spread,  and  he  upon  it ;  ho 
<'onld  not  touch  wine  or  eggs.  Our  little  syrups,  euriant 
jelley,  drinks,  etc.,  whi«h  he  must  have  every  half  liour  <in 
board  ship -where  were  th;\v  ?  I  had  lieard  the  lazaretto 
was  tli'i  very  i>lace  for  comfort  for  the  sick,  and  l)ronglit 
nothing;  soon  found  th'^re  was  a  little  closet,  in  which  my 
knees  found  rest ;  and  after  emptying;  my  heart  and  wash- 


II 


^  MnlllNIl  KriXMIHrtr  AW  MKTOX 

Intr  fhr  l»il<U'*  Willi  my  h'rii««.  ii'furtMMl  to  my  poor  Wllllnm, 
iiikI  r««iiii<l  liiiii  iiii'l  Ainiu  l""lli  in  wurit  of  a  im-nilnr.  hnir 
^^l\\  hIii'H(i..ii  fuiiiitl  11  ntp'  tliiit  liml  lii'tl  lnT  l»nx.  iiml  l>i<. 
jiiiri  |iim|>in,!X  nw.iy  h»  wiirm  lnTH^-lf ;  for  rlu-  coltlm-HH  ot  «li«» 
Willis  tiiiil  iMirU^  m:itl«'  iiM  mIiIvi'I".  At  Miiiisff,  ilitimM-  cumo 
from  llif  Klml  I'MliitliU,  atul  •ulicr  ti<(f««sari»'!4 ;  v\»'  wt-nl  to 
llif  yialt'  aualii  !•>  h<m'  llu'in. 

"  Anl  M'HV,  oil  tl|t«H|ll|»malfl'<'HSi'<4  M|i|i'a<li»ll  llli-trnul  llnor, 
William  aihl  Aiiiiu  iliv  himiihI  iiMlfcp  ;  iili*l  I  filial  lliat  (ioti, 
wliM  lia-;  ;;i\<ii  liim  !Htr<'ii;tli  l-»  K'»  tlnniiu'li  a  May  nf  Niirli 
fxtrli'»ii.  will  rairy  us  on.  Ijr  is  oiir  all  ii.di*  <|.  My  vyn 
Miiiul  so  miicli  wirli  rryltiu.  wim!,  ami  fali;,'iif.  Ilmt  I  must 
I'losf  llu-m  aiul  lirt  up  my  licait;  sl.M.p  wtiu'r  roiuf  wry 
I'lislly.  If  yoii  had  st-t-n  littlf  Anna*?*  anus  rlaspitl  aiouml 
niv  iiffk  at  lit'i-  pi'.iyiTs,  wliilf  tln'  trar.s  i'oIIimI  a  Nlnaiii, 
|i,»w  you  w  .III. I  lov.'  \u'v'.  I  ivail  li.'f  lit  f*|p.'p  with  pl.-frs  of 
tnisl'in  <io(l ;  mIu'  said,  '  Mamma,  If  papii  sluuihl  ilio  lit>ro— 
luit(<o(l  will  1)1'  wlih  us.'  IomI  is  with  us;  and  if  siiir.'rlii^frt 
altoiiml  ill  UH.  His  cousolatioiis  also  ;,'icatly  altoiiiid.  ami 
far  rxci'iMl  our  iilli'iam-.«.  If  tin- wiml  (for  it  Is  said  tluro 
Ut'vrr  wi'in  MiH'li  storms  at  lliis  season i  that  now  aliuosf, 
puts  out  my  liiilit,  uml  Mows  on  my  William  tlii.ai;j;h  t'Vfiy 
rrcvlcf.  and  over  our  •■himiicy  liU<'  loud  tliuiidfr.  could 
coiiU' from  any  1)111  His  (•oiiimaiid  ;  or  if  tin-  <'ircuiustanc<'H 
that  have  plac»'<l  iih  In  so  forlorn  a  situation  wt-rc  not 
^iiidcil  by  His  hand,  misi-raMc  Indooil  would  lu-  our  nisi«. 
Within  tills  hour  William  has  had  a  violent  lit  of  ('outrhinff, 
so  as  to  Itriiiu'  up  Mood  ;  which  a^dtates  and  distresses  him 
throuj;li  all  his  endeavors  to  hide  it.  What  shall  we  say  < 
This  is  the  hour  u(  trial ;  the  I/)rd  Hii])port  and  stren^lheii 
lis  in  it.  Retrospections  hrinj;  anj,'uish ;  'i)ress  forwards 
towards  the  mark  antl  i)ri/,e.'  " 

'•',»(>///,  Sini'tai/  iiinniiiitj.  The  matin  l»ells  nwakene(l 
my  Houl  to  its  most  painful  rej;rets,  and  filled  it  with  an 
agony  of  sorrow,  which  c  )uhl  not  at  first  find  relief  even  in 
l)rayer.  In  the  little  closet,  whence  there  is  a  view  of  the 
open  sea,  nnd  th*  b'jatlni;^  of  the  wav«^s  against  the  high 
rocks  at  the  entrance  of  this  prison,  which  throws  them 


A 


.w  Wllllnm. 
•ailni.  hi'iir 
Imi\,  mill  Ih>- 
MiH'NH  til  ihi* 
•  liiiiK'i'  riiiiip 
;  w«'  vu'iil  to 

liU mill  lltHir, 
iNt  tlitit  (^xl, 
<lav  of  Nticli 
•tl.  My  c.vt'K 
lliut  I  riiiiMt 
t  coiin'  vtM'y 

isjii'd  iil'oiillil 
•d  a  slrrniii. 
illi  |>ii'f'»'H  of 

l<l  llic  llfh!  — 

I  if  siiiri'rliijrrt 

nitoiiiiil,  iiiiil 

is  s:ii(l  till  I'M 

now    altiioHt 

iiioii^li  every 

iiiider,   could 

•il'clllustMlices 

on   were   not 

Ite  our  ciise, 

of  eoutrliinff, 

islresse.s  liiltl 
dial  I  we  Nay  i 
id  Mti'i-ii^tlicn 
•ess  f  Of  wards 

Is  awakened 
d  it  with  an 
relief  even  ill 
\  view  of  thei 
nst  the  liiwh 
throws   them 


Moriitut  mixxfn.rn  i.v.v  st.ros; 


(m 


v!o!.«Mlty  t»a«'1<.  and  nihes  the  whit-  foiitii  w*  \\\\t\\  an  ItM 
walh,  I  lli'^t  eaiiie  in  iny  ^•eiio'-*.  and  |.th'<ied  ihal  I  \Si\n  of- 
feiidint:  niy  only  rili'iiiiaiid  lleHoiirn'  In  my  iiilwiy,  iiiid 
\oliiniaiily  Hhii'ltinu  from  my  '*oul  iIm'  only  eoiiHolaiton 
il  I'oiild  i«'fei\e.  IMeadiiiy  I'or  nieiry  and  stienufh  hioiiulii 
peaee.  ami  with  a  rli'.'j'fiil  f'ounieiianre  I  a-Ued  Wiltiam 
uh.ii  we  should  do  for  l.r.'aUfa-*!  ;  ili«'  doon*  were  iinlianid, 
mid  II  hotth'of  milk  let  down  In  the  eiitlalne  of  llie  iiotll 
-  piior  riiilip  feaiiny  lo  eoiiie  too  nenr.  hiiili-  Anna  and 
William  ale  il  witli  •'itail.  and  I  walUed  ihe  Uooruitli  u 
i-rii-'t  and  a  ula>H  ol'  wine. 

'•  NVilliain  eiuld  not  sit  up  ;  liisai'ue  rameon.  and  wiili  it 
my  sours  ajxoiiy.  my  hii>li;i!d  on  ilie  rn!d  l>ii«  Un  wiilioid 
lin'.  Hhlveiinu  aiid  Ki'oanin;!:.  liltimr  his  dim  and  soirov\|"iil 
e\es  with  a  lixed^aze  in  my  fare,  while  his  iiai>  ran  on  his 
pi  liuw.  wit  lion  t  oil' word.  Ann  i  riil>l»''d  one  hand  ;  I  iIm- 
oiher.  till  h«s  fever  iMim'  on.  Tlie  «-a|iilaiio  '..roii-;lit  lis 
ii-'ws  that  our  lim<'  wan  lesMeii.,!  live  days;  told  me  to  lia 
.siiinlied  Willi  till' dispeiiHatiiin  of  U..d.  etc.;  ami  was  mi- 
hwered  hy  such  a  siiccesMlon  ol  soil-',  that  he  Hoomleparted. 
Mr.  Filicchi  now  came  to  e(»mlort  my  William,  aii-l  when 
he  went  away,  we  said  as  much  ..f  (tiir  (Minrcli  service  as 
Wiiliaiii  coiiid  K<»  lhi<»iiy:h.     I  then  was  oMip'tl   to  lay  my 

|„.j„l  d(»wn ^rf«'i'  players,  read  my  little  I  ook  of 

Kermons,  and   became   far   more  happy  than    I    had   been 

wretched. 

"  Muii'liii/.  Awoke  with  the  same  rest  and  eunifnrt  with 
which  I  had  lain  down,  pive  my  William  his  ws'ini  milk, 
and  l)!".,Mn  to  consider  our  situation -ihoiiKh  sounr.ivorable 
to  his  complalnt-as  one  id'  the  st.  jis  in  lla-  (li>p<  i,>ationH 
of  that  Almi^dify  will  which  coiihl  alone  (•hoo>e  rlMht  for 
us  ;  and  therefore  set  Anna  to  work,  and  myself  lothedear 
Scriptures  as  usual ;  lyiiifr  «1om!  behind  the  poor  shivered  to 
keei>  him  from  the aune.  Ourcapitanocame  with  his  jrunrds, 
and  put  up  a  very  neat  b.>d  .ami  curtains  sent  by  Fill  rhl; 
and  lixed  the  benches  on  which  Anna  and  I  were  to  li«v" 

From  the  MesVieurs   Filicchi   Mrs.  S-ton   received  .'very 
possible  alleviation  in  hcv  desolate  and  sorrowful  Imprison- 


C 


OTO 


MOTIIini  nUZADETU  ANN  SETON. 


niRnt ;  f;.r  such  tho  time  of  quarantine  litRrally  was.    TIio 
m.tk-os  ill  her  jomnal  at  this  tin.o  are  most  deeply  interest- 
in'.      Sh<^  snvhri-  husband,  "  wlu.  Mt  his  all  to  seek  a 
mriiwrlimate,  (onlinedin   this  place  of  high  and  damp 
ndls-  -cpo^ed  t!>  c :.ld  and  wind,  which  penetrat.-s  to  the* 
v-ry  ixnes;    witliout    fire,    except   the  kitchen  charcal, 
which  opimviscshisbreast  so  much  as  m'arly  to  convulse 
him  •  •'  and  vet  her  ccmtidence  in  (lod  was  so  unsliaken,  li<)r 
resi.-natl(m  to  His  will  so  complete,  that,  far  from  murmur 
in>-"^niost  of  her  expressions  are  those  of  praise  and  thanks- 
.vl'vin-      'M.'ftl  •  billets  of  p.ip.M-  pistcd  on  the  doors  mark 
iiow  many  d:ivs  .li.Terent  persons  have  stayed;  and  the  shut 
tev  i.s  all  over  n<  >r(  le'd  10, 20,  HO,  40  days.   I  do  not  mark  ours, 
trnstinf--  they  are  marked  above,    lie  only  knows  best. 
"  V  day  of  bodilv  pain,  but  peace  with  Ciod." 
•'  Vnna  and   1  sun-  Advent  hymns  with  a  low  voice. 
Vfter  aVi   wi'^   ad-p.  1   «^'^  '* '^'  *^''i'"'^*'i  service  alone. 
WiUiiim  hud  not  been  able  in  the  day.     Found  lieav(>nly 
c(ms(larlnns.  for.u'ot  priscns,  bolts,  and  sorrows  ;  and  would 
liuve  rejoiced  to  have  sun,«;-  with  St.  Paul  and  Silas." 

•'  1  liii  1  my  piesent  opportunity  a  treasure  ;  and  my  con 
linement  of'body  a  liberty  of  soul,  which  I  may  never 
a"-ain  enjoy  whilst  they  are  united." 
''"So  v(m  see,  as  you  know,  with  God  for  our  portion, 
there  is'nf»  prison  in  high  walls  and  bolts ;  no  sorrow  in 
the  soul  that  waits  (-n  Him.  though  beset  with  present  pains 
and  .dooniv  prosi)  n-ts.  For  this  freedom  I  can  never  be  suffi- 
eienriv  thankful,  as  in  my  William's  case  it  keeps  alive 
wha'.  "in  his  weak  state  of  body  would  naturally  fail ;  and 
often  when  he  hears  me  repeat  the  psalms  of  triumph  in 
God,  and  read  of  St.  Paul's  faith  in  Christ,  with  my  whole 
soul,  it  so  enlivens  his  spirit  that  he  makes  them  also  his 
own,  and  all  his  sorrows  are  turned  into  joy.  Oh,  well  may 
I  love  God,  well  may  my  whole  soul  strive  to  please  Ilim  ; 
for  what  but  the  pen  of  an  angel  can  ever  express  what  He 
has  done,  and  is  ever  doing  for  me !  AVhile  1  live,  while  I 
have  my  being,  in  time  and  through  eternity,  let  me  sing 
praises  to  my  God." 


MOTIIFR  EUZAnKTU  ANN  '^KTON 


071 


y  wfia,  TIio 
'ply  intprest- 
[ill  to  seek  a 
I  anil  damp 
trates  to  tlie 
en  chairoal, 
to  convulse 
nsliaken,  Ii(;r 
['oni  nmrnii!!' 
eandtlianks- 

0  doors  mark 
and  the  shut 
ot  mark  ours, 
,vs  best." 

a  low  voice, 
m'vice  alone, 
ind  heavenly 
s ;  and  would 
Silas." 
and  my  con 

1  may  never 

■  our  portion, 
no  sorrow  in 
present  pains 
never  be  snlfi- 
t  keeps  alive 
ally  fail ;  and 
)f  triumph  in 
ith  my  whole 
them  also  his 
Oh,  well  may 
3  please  Ilim ; 
press  what  lie 
L  live,  while  I 
y,  let  me  sing 


"Alone!  alone?  recall  the  word -my  Bible,  commenta- 
ries, Kempis—visible  and  continual  enjoyment— wlien  I 
cannot  s*'t  hours,  I  take  minutes.  Invisible  I  Oh,  the  com- 
pany is  nuud)erless.  Sometimes  I  feel  so  assured  that  the 
•iuardian  angel  is  immediately  present,  that  I  l(i<»k  from  my 
book,  and  can  hardly  be  ptTsuath'd  I  was  not  t(»uched. 
'Poor  soul!'  John  ili-ury  Hobart'  would  say,  'she  will 
lose  her  reason  in  that  prison.'  liut  the  enjoyments  only 
c(mie  when  all  is  (piiet,  and  1  have  passed  an  hour  (»r  two 
with  KlUjj;  David  or  the  prophet  Isaiah.  These  hours,  I 
often  think,  1  shall  hereafter  esteem  the  most  i>recious  of 
my  life." 

In  this  blessed  state  of  union  with  (Jod's  will  Mrs.  Seton 
steadfastly  persevered;  and  was  abl»'  to  nurse  her  dying 
husband  (lay  and  night  with  the  most  heroic  fortitude  and 
patience.  She  little  expected  he  could  linger  through  the 
period  of  (piarantinie,  and  sonu'times  even  '-kissed  his  pale 
face  to  see  if  it  was  cold;"  but  her  faith  never  failed. 
"The  dampness  about  us,"  she  writes  within  six  days  of 
leaving  the  lazaretto,  "would  be  thought  dangerous  for  a 
person  in  health  ;  and  my  William's  suiFerings— oh  !  well 
I  know  that  God  is  above. 

"Capitano,you  need  not  always  point  your  silent  look  and 
lin"-er  there.  If  I  thought  our  condition  the  j^rovidence  ot 
men,  instead  of  the  weeping  Magadalen,  as  you  so  gra- 
ciously call  me,  you  would  find  me  a  lioness,  willing  to  burn 
your  lazaretto  about  your  ears,  if  it  was  possible,  that  I 
might  carry  off  my  poor  prisoner  to  breathe  the  air  of  heaven 
in  some  more  reasonable  place.  To  keep  a  poor  soul,  who 
comes  to  your  country  for  his  life,  thirty  days  shut  up  in 
damp  walls,  with  smoke  and  wind  from  all  quarters,  blow- 
ing even  the  curtains  round  his  bed  (and  his  bones  almost 
through);  and  he  the  shadow  of  death,  trembling  if  he 
only  stands  a  few  minutes !  He  is  to  go  :o  Pisa  for  his 
health  ;  this  day  his  prospects  are  very  far  from  Piaa ;  but, 


'  Mr.  llobnrt,  then  a  mlnixtcr  of  thf  Kpiscopalion  Church,  and  ■ifti'rwarilx  HI^'hol)  ,-.f  Vi'w 
York,  was  a  man  of  singular  tulcnt  and  Inrtucnce,  and  vho  friend  and  nplritual  udvlscr  if  Jl:«. 
Scton  at  that  time. 


1 


072 


MOTIIKH  EUXAIiKTIl  AKS  SETOX. 


nil,  inyljcavonly  Father!  I  l«'arn  tlmt  these  rontrndictory 
events  nn^  i.ennitted  and  j^iiided  l»y  Tliy  wisdon),  whicli 
only  is  light !  We  are  in  darkness,  and  ninst  be  thankful 
that  our  knowledge  is  not  wanted  to  iierfect  'J'hy  work, 
and  alsi)  keep  in  ndnd  tl»at  infinite  nierey  which,  in  per- 
nutting  the  siifVerings  of  the  iierisliiiig  Ixxly,  has  jtrovidetl 
for  our  s:)!ils  so  large  an  o[)pi)rtunity  of  comfort  and 
nourislinient  for  an  eternal  life;  where  we  shall  assuredly 
lind  that  all  things  have  worked  together  for  our  good,  for 
our  sure  trust  is  in  Tliee." 

After  a  few  more  *'  melancholy  days  of  combat  with  na 
tare's  weakness,  and  the  courage  ol  hoi)e  which  pictured 
our  removal  from  the  lazaretto  to  IMsa,"  Mrs  Set<»n  was  at 
length  permitted  to  leave  the  inhospitable  walls  which  had 
sheltered  her  since  her  arrival  in  Italy,  and  with  her  hus- 
band and  littl(!girl  was  conveyed  in  Mr.  Filicchi's  <'arriiige  to 
Pisa;  though  it  so:!med  doubtful  whether  Mr.  Seton  would 
readi  the  end  of  his  journey  alive.  In  fact,  he  only  lin 
gered  a  we'k  more,  during  which  time  his  sulTtM-ings  were 
s(j  great  that  his  constant  prayer  was  for  '*  i)ardon  and  re- 
lease" ;  and  on  tli  >  'lli\\  of  D  •;'eaib:U',  18;)3,  Mrs.  Seton  be- 
came a  widow  amongst  strangers  and  in  a  foreign  land. 

Yet.  so  far  from  l)eing  overwhelmed  by  her  situation,  it 
seemed  as  if  her  strength  and  courage  rose  with  the 
trial.  She  writes,  after  herself  performing  the  last  duties 
to  her  deceased  husband,  "I  felt  that  1  had  done  all  -all 
that  tenderest  love  and  duty  could  do.  My  head  had  not 
rested  for  a  week ;  three  days  and  nights  the  fatigue  had 
been  incessant,  and  one  meal  in  twenty-four  hours .  still 
I  must  work,  dress,  pack  up,  and  in  one  hour  be  in  ^Ir. 
Filicchi's  carriage,  and  ride  fifteen  miles  to  Leghorn  Carl- 
ton and  our  old  Louis  stayed  to  watch,  and  my  William 
was  brought  in  the  afternoon  and  deposited  in  the  house 
appointed,  in  the  Protestant  burial-gronnd.  Oh,  what  a 
day  1  close  his  eyes,  lay  him  out,  ride  a  journey,  be  obliged 
to  see  a  dozen  people  in  my  room  till  night,  and  at  night 
crowded  with  the  whole  sense  of  my  situation.  Oh,  my 
Father  and  my  God !  ...  In  all  this  it  is  not  necessary  to 


I 


r'ontradicfory 
isddin,  wbicli 
be  thankful 
t  'J'hy  work, 
.hicli,  in  iMT- 
lias  itidvidcil 
cornruit  and 
all  assuredly 
Dur  good,  for 

iliat  with  na 
u<'h  itictiiit'tl 

Seton  was  at 
lis  which  had 

itli  her  lius- 
i's  <'an'iaj;(' to 

Seton  would 

he  only  lin 
ilTei'inus  were 
irdon  and  re- 
Ir.s.  Seton  be- 
'ign  land, 
r  situation,  it 
ose  with  the 
16  last  duties 

done  all  -all 
head  had  not 
e  fatigue  had 
V  hours,  still 
)nr  be  in  ^Ir. 
ghorn  Carl- 
l  mv  William 

in  the  house 

Oh,  what  a 

ey,  be  obliged 

and  at  night 
ion.  Oh,  my 
it  necessary  to 


MorUKIi  EI.IZMlHTll  AXy  SHTOX. 


0TO 


d\\  II  on  the  mercy  and  consoling  prescuceof  my  dear  liord  ; 
lor  no  mortal  strength  could  support  what  I  experienced." 
After  the  knowh'ilge  of  Mrs,  Seton' s  character  which  we 
derive  from  these  passages  (»f  her  private  journal  and  letters, 
ir  c.iu  scaicely  he  necessary  t<)  add.  that  from  the  very  lirst 
she  hail  made  a  most  favoralih'  impression  uiton  :ill  v,lu> 
.saw  her  attending  her  dying  husliaiid.  and  «'udiirii:g  the 
peculiar  trials  of  those  first  few  weeks  in  the  la/aretio;  luit 
when,  from  the  fear  of  coutairion  in  others,  she  liersMlf  i-;!- 
dertook  to  lay  ont  the  corpse,  those  around  herciL-d  out 
with  admiration,  "If  she  were  not  a  heretic,  she  would  lie  u 

saint." 

The  widow  and  her  daughter  wer  >  now  received  like  dear 
relations  into  the  house  of  the  Messieurs  Filicchi,  whose 
names  have  bva  alre.idy  m  'Utione;!  as  early  friends  of  her 
husband.  These  men  wen'  merchants  of  the  highest  s!and- 
in'',  and  Ivsides  b  'ing  devout  au'l  fervent  ('hristians,  were 
men  of  enlightened  and  talented  minds.  The  eider  brother, 
Mr  IMiilii*  Kilicchi,  was  honored  by  the  special  conlidtnce 
of  the  (Irand  Duke  of  Tuscany 

Everything  was  done  by  these  generous  friends  to  divert 
and  restore  .Mrs.  Seton  s  suil'ering  spirit;  and  a  visit  was 
uiade  to  Florence,  that  she  ndght  have  an  opportunity  of 
seeing  some  of  the  charms  of  Italy  before  returning  to  her 
family  in  America.  The  churches  and  the  sacred  i):,i:iiii;gs 
seem  ahme  to  have  impressed  her  during  this  visit.  Of  the 
picture  of  the  Descent  horn  t lie  Cross  in  the  Pitti  Talace, 
she  says,  "It  engaged  my  wliole  soul ;  Mary  at  the  foot  of 
it  expressed  well  that  the  iron  had  entered  into  hers  ;  and 
the  shades  of  death  over  her  agonized  countenance  so 
strongly  contrasted  with  the  heavenly  peace  of  the  dear 
Redeemer,  that  it  seemed  as  if  His  pains  had  fallen  on 

her '' 

It  will  be  easily  conceived,  from  the  character  of  Mrs 
Seton's  friends,  and  from  her  own  lively  and  ■mpressionable 
mind,  that  some  pains  were  taken  during  her  short  stay 
amongst  them  to  enlighten  her  on  the  subject  of  the  Cath- 
olic Faith.    Mr.  Fiiicchi  once  remarking  that  there  was 


074 


MOTIIhn  ELIZMIETU  -LV.V  .SAl'OA' 


I)ut  ono  true  ivliyiou,  and  witliout  !\  ii,!,'lit  laitli  no  ono 
r.>nl<l  l>!'  ii(v,'ptiil»l<'  r()(r..(l,  Mis.  S.-ti.n  ri'i.lii'.l,  "Oh,  sir! 
if  tli'To  is  l)Ut  out-  iailli  and  ii(il»i»ily  i>h'asi'.s  (Jc.d  without  it, 
when- are  all  tlit'Ki);»il  p.'nph'  who  die  tmt  of  Iti"  "1  <h)nl: 
kni.w,"  aiiswci'.-d  licr  friend;  'Mhat  .h'pends  on  what  li-hi 
of  faith  tlM'V  hav(!  mvived  ;  l)iit  I  know  wliere  peoj.h'  n;,, 
■li^ho  can  kiioio  Un'  rhjhl  failU,  [I'  th>!f  luaij  nud  hriiilrr 

for  it,  iinfl .//./  do  in'ilhn- rhat,  is  to  say  sir  yon  want 

'nil'  to  pray  and  itupiire,  and  be  of  your  faith,  said  Mrs 
Setoa.  lan'uliinir.  >-Pray  and  iiKpiire,"  he  acUU'd  "I hat 
is  all  I  ask  of  you.  " 

Mr.  Anthony  Filicchi  also  wrote  to  her  whilst  at  Flor- 
once,  ur.iiin.u;  this  important  subject  upon  her  in  the  IVl- 
lowin-j;  ti'rrns:  "Your  de:ir  William  wiis  the  early  friend  of 
mv  youth  ;  you  are  now  come  ii  liis  room  ,  your  soul  is  even 
dearer  to  Antonio,  and  will  be  so  forever  May  tl;e  p';d 
Almighty  God  enlighten  your  ndnd  an<l  strengtlim  youi 
lieart,  to  see  and  foUow  in  religion  the  sweet,  true  v,ay  lo 
the  eternal  blessings.  T  shall  call  for  you  I  n)ust  meet 
you  in  i'ar.idise.  if  it  is  decreed  that  the  vast  jtlains  of  the 
ocean  shall  soon  be  betw.ixt  us  Don't  discontinue  in  the 
meanwhile  to  pray-  to  knock  at  tlie  door  " 

They  also  put  books  in  her  hands,  and  iniroduced  to  her 
M  learned  i)riest.  For  awhile  Mrs  Seton  had  no  misgiv- 
ings respecting  th^  suundn  is^  of  the  Protestant  faith  and 
writes  as  follows  to  a  friend  at  home:  "  I  am  hard  pushed 
by  these  charitable  Homans,  who  wish  that  so  mucli  g<!od- 
ness  should  be  improved  by  a  conversion  ,  which  to  elTect. 
they  have  now  taken  the  trouble  to  bring  me  their  best  in- 
formed piiosr,  Abbe  Plunkett,  ^vho  is  an  Irishman;  but 
they  find  mi;  sj  willing  to  hear  their  enlightened  conversa- 
tion, that  consariuently ,  as  learned  p»  pie  like  to  iieai 
themselves  best,  I  have  but  little  to  say,  and  as  yet  keep 
friends  with  all,  as  the   best  comment  on  my  profession  " 

But  it  was  impossible  that,  with  such  edifying  examines 
before  her  eyes,  and  such  able  arguments  addressed  to  her 
understanding,  she  should  not  at  last  begin  to  doubt  her 
l>erfect  security  •,  and  with  the  tiist  misgiving  arose  a  fer- 


II 


f  Initli  no  ono 

Inxl  without  it, 
iti"   "1  tloiit 

<  (111  wllMt    iiullt 

lu'it,'  pcojilc  j:<» 
1/  (I  in  I  iiijiiir<' 
■   sir   you  want 
itli.     said  Mrs 
addcfl     "(liiit 

whilst  at  Fh'i- 
h»'i'  in  tilt'   Col- 
parly  friend  of 
our  soul  is  evi'ii 
>[ay  tlio  <;-oo(l 
[ron^lhcn   yoni 
H;f,  trii(>  way  lo 
1  must  iiKM't 
st  plains  of  tlio 
L'ontinuo  in  tliu 

iroduced  to  licr 
had  no  niis^^iv- 
tant  faith  and 
tn  hard  pushed 

so  nincli  pcjod- 
which  to  olTect. 
e  their  best  in- 

Irishman  ;  but 
teiied  conversa- 
e  like  to  lieai 
nd  as  yet  keep 
iny  profession  '' 
ifyins  exam])les 
Idressed  to  her 
in  to  donbt  her 
ing  arose  a  fer- 


MOT/ficn  i:i.i'/..\ni:rii  .i.v.v  .s/;;';;/ 


r:.-) 


v(>nt  prayer  to  (Jod  that,  if  not  yt-t  i:i  t!i<'  ri.ihl  way.  slio 
nii;,'ht  bf  •rraciously  hd  into  it.  Tliis  became  li»r  dall;,- 
pel  it  ion;  nor  need  it  be  told  how  sunly.  in  answer  !<•  tlii'. 
h.'artfelt  and  hiiiiibh.  prayer,  slu"  was  i.iadually  iuiincsMd 
liy  the  truths  of  ('athdlicity,  and  yielded  up  In  r  s<»ul  l<. 
this  Divine  iidbu'iice  loiii;'  liei'ore  she  was  <  on>(ious  thalsli«» 
had  swerved  from  Protestant  belief. 

Ilaviu^-  ouee  aceouipaiiied  her  friends  to  hear  Nbiss  i;i  the 
chuirh  of  >btntenero.  a  yoiiiii;-  Kii.Lilishmaii  who  was  pres- 
(Mit  observed  to  iier  at  the  very  moment  of  the  eievaliou, 
"This  is  what  they  call  their  Keal  i'lcsencel"  "My  very 
heart,"  say:s  Mis.  Siloii,  "  licmbled  with  pain  and  sonow 
for  his  unfeelinii' iiit<'irui)tion  of  their  s'.uicd  adoration; 
for  all  arcuiml  was  dead  silence,  and  many  were  ].rosfrated. 
Involuntarily  I  bent  from  him  to  the  pavement,  and 
thou,u;ht  secretly  on  the  w,.rls  of  St.  Paul  with  slartiiiK 
tears,  "They  discern  not  the  fiord's  liody ;'  and  the  Mext 
thouii'ht  was,  how  should  they  eat  and  drink  their  own 
damnation  for  not  discernini,^  It,  if  indeed  It  is  not  there;" 

Mrs.  Seton,  however,  was  not  yet  convinced  of  the<'laims 
of  the  Catholic  Church  npon  her  obedience  ;  and  cm  the  IM 
oi  February,  18'it,  she  re-euibarked  with  her  daughter 
Anna  for  their  native  country;  but  a  storm  driviuf,^  back 
the  vessel,  and  (he  child  beinj!;  suddenly  attacked  by  scar- 
let fever  they  were  once  more  welcomed  to  the  hosjiitable 
house  of  Mr 'Anthony  Filicchi.  and  i>ressed  to  remain  there 
nntil  they  shou-d  a.irain  be  abh*  to  take  their  departure. 
After  Anna  had  iccovered.  her  mother  was  sei/.«'d  by  the 
same  illness  ;  and  durinf?  all  this  time  the  most  all'ectionate 
care  was  lavished  upon  them  by  their  Italian  friends, 
'•Oh  ihe  patience."  exclaims  :Mrs.  Seton,  "an(Im<»re  than 
human  kindness  of  these  dear  Filicchis  for  ns  !•  you  would 
say  it  was  our  Saviour  Himself  they  received  in  His  poor  and 
sick  strangers." 

Thus  brought  affain   within   the   iniluenc«>  of   Catholic 
piety  and  charity,  Mrs.  Seton  availed  herself  of  every  op 
port'unity  of  becoming  better  acquainted   with  the   doc- 
trines of  that  faith  which  brought   forth   such  pleasant 


070 


MnrifKii  i:i.i7..\ni:Tii  .i.v.v  stmts'. 


fniils;  nii.l  cvrry  diiy  felt  luMstlf  iiion'  iiuwcrfiilly  drawn 
towards  ir.  "How  liapity  wo  sliuiild  Im>,"  hIm-  wiitrs  fo  u 
frit'nd,  "if  w.' 1).'Ii(!v»'d  wliat  tlifsc  dear  soids  hi'lirvc  lliiif, 
tlit-y  poHst'Hs  (»nd  in  the  Sacraiiifiit,  atid  lliat  lie  rfinuiiis  in 
flicir  «diiiicln's,  and  is  rallied  to  tlH-rii  wlitii  tlioy  air  sick! 
Wlii'ii  tlicy  carry  tliM  Hlcsscd  Sucrariiciit  under  my  win- 
<l(»w.  wldlc  I  feci  the  I'uil  loneliness  and  sadness  of  my 
case,  I  cannor  stop  my  teais  nt  the  tlioiijiiit.  My  («'od, 
how  happy  I  should  1h>,  now  so  far  away  Ironi  all  so  detn-, 
if  I  ciMilil  llnd  Voii  in  the  church,  as  they  do  (for  there  is  ;i 
••liapel  in  the  very  house  of  Mr.  Kilicchii.  Ilow  many 
thinu.s  I  woidd  say  to  You  of  the  sorrows  of  my  lnarl,aiid 
tint  sins  of  my  life  I  The  other  day,  in  a  nuunent  of  exrcs- 
HJve  distress,  1  fell  on  my  knees,  without  thiidviii.tr,  when 
the  niessed  Saciament  passed  by,  and  cried  in  an  a,U(»ny  lo 
(jod  to  bless  me,  if  lie  was  there  ;  that  my  wliole  soul  de- 
sired oidy  Ilim. 

"A  littl<>  i»rayer  book  of  >fr.  Filicchi's  was  on  the  table, 
and  '.  opened  a  little  ]»rayer  of  St.  1?(  rnard  to  the  I'.lessed 
\ir,<;in,  be^ixin.u;  hei-  to  be  our  Mother;  mikI  \  said  it  to  her 
witii  such  a  certainty  that  (Jod  W(tuld  refuse  not  hi  n,i?  to 
Ihs  Mother,  and  that  she  cotdd  not  helj)  pityii".r  and  I<»v- 
injr  tin*  poor  sinds  He  died  for,  that  1  felt  really  I  ha<l  a 
mother  ;  which  y(»u  know  my  foctlish  lienit  so  often  lamented 
in  early  days.  From  the  first  remembraiu'e  of  iidaiicy, 
1  liave  always  looked,  in  all  the  jilays  of  clnldhood  and 
wildness  of  youth,  to  tlie  clouds  for  my  mother ;  and  at 
that  moment  it  seemed  as  if  I  Inid  found  nu)re  than  lier, 
even  in  tenderness  and  pity  of  a  mother.  So  I  cried  my- 
self to  sleep  on  her  heart." 

At  another  time,  writing;  to  tlte  same  rehition,  she  thus 
shows  the  j::fradnal  advance  of  her  nund  to  a  knowledije  of 
tlie  truth:  "This  evenincr,  standin.ij  by  the  window,  the 
moon  shining  full  on  Filic(dii"s  countenance,  he  raised  his 
eyes  to  Heaven,  and  showed  me  how  to  make  the  sifrn  of 
the  cross.  Dearest  Rebecca,  I  was  cohl  with  the  awful  im- 
pression th(»  first  making;  of  it  gave  me.  Tlie  sign  of  the 
Cross   of   Christ   on    me!     Deeper  thonghts  came  with 


erf  11  My  drawn 

K-  Wlitcs     f(l    il 
Ill'iicV  ('       lllilt 

lie  r<>iii:iiiis  in 
Ih'v  iii't'  sick  ! 
iiihr  my  wiii- 
iiidiit'ss  (»!'  my 
lit.  My  (J. .(I, 
n  all  H(»  tlt'ar, 
(  fur  IIh'Ic  is  ;i 
.  I  low  many 
my  II*  ail.  and 
llU'llI  nl'  excts- 
liinkiiijL;',  when 
II  an  a,<:()ny  lo 
liole  soul  di'- 

H  on  tln'  table, 
to  till-  Hlt'sst'd 
said  it  to  Ikt 
ISC  nolliin<i;  to 
y\n<x  and  l<>v- 
rcally  I  had  u 
(ftcn  lamented 
'c  of  infancy, 
•liildliood  and 
other ;  and  at 
ore  than   her, 

0  I  cried  niy- 

tion,  she   thus 

knowledije  of 

e  window,  the 

he  raised  his 

;e   the  sifrn  of 

1  the  awful  im- 
le  sifin  of  the 
ts  came  with 


Miniir.n  in.izMurni  .t.v.v  sF/ras. 


tftt 


it  of  I  know  not  wluit  eaiiiest  desires   to  he    loscly  unit«'(l 
with  Ilim  wiiudied  on  it     of  that   last  <lay  when  lie   Is  to 

h  -iir  it  in  triumph. 

"All  the  (';itliolicr.'liuionisfiillof  these  !neanin^'s.  whidi 
interest  me  so.  Why,  Webecca.  they  believe  all  weiloiind 
HiilVer,  if  we  oiler  it  i'or  our  sins,  serves  to  ex)  i;  te  iliein. 
Von  may  remember,  when  I  asked  Mr.  ll(»l»art  what  was 
ineanl  by  fastin,!,'  in  our  prayer  book,  as  1  found  myself  on 
Ash- Wednesday  moiiiin.ii'  sayiii;;'  so  foolishly  to  (Jod.  '[ 
turn  t(»  you  in  fastin-'.  \\ee|iiii.ix,  and  m(>Mrniii<i-."  ami  I  had 
cnme  lo'church  with  a  hearty  breakfast  (.f  imckwheat  cakes 
andcolVte.  and  full  of  life  and  spirits,  with  little  ilioii.tijit 
of  my  sins;  you  may  lemeinber  what  he  said  about  its 
l.eiminld  customs,  etc  Well,  tliedeiir  Mis.  Kilicchi  1  am 
Willi  never  eats,  tirn  s.visou  of  Lent,  till  after  the  c'o-k 
strikes  three.  Then  the  liuuily  assemble,  an<l  .she  says  she 
olTers  her  weakness  and  pain  of  fa-  tiii.u'  for  her  sins.  iinit<'d 
with  herSiivioiir's  sull'eiin.us.  I  like  that  very  much  ;  but 
what  I  like  better,  dcii rest  Uebecca  only  think  what  a 
comfort-they  pt  to  Mass  here  every  morninu-. 

"Ah!  how*  often  y<ui  and  I  used  to  ^ive  the  si,sxh.  and 
yon  would  i>ress  y(»ur  arm  in  mine  of  :i  Sunday  moruinir, 
and  say,  'X<»  more  until  next  Sunday.'  as  we  turned  fmm 
the  church-door,  which  closed  np(m  ns  (unless  a  prayer- 
diiy  was  --iven  (Uit  in  the  week).  Well,  here  they -o  to 
chlirch  at  four  (>very  moruin-  if  they  i.Ieas!'.  Aiul  you 
know  how  we  w.mv  lauiihed  at  for  runniuf;'  from  one  church 
toauorheronSicrament  Sundays,  that  we  mi.ixht  receive 
as  often  as  w.>  could  ;  well,  here  people  that  love  (iod,  and 
h'ad  a  re-Milar  life,  can  f;o  (though  many  d«»  not  d(»  it,  yet 
t\\i>y  nni  go)  everv  dav.  Oh,  T  don't  kwmv  how  any  one 
canhaveanvtroui.h'  in  this  w(uld,  who  believes  all  these 
dear  souls  bVlieve.  I f  T  don' t  believe  it,  it  shall  not  be  for 
want  of  praying.     Why,  they  must  be  as  liappy  as  angels, 

almost."  1  .  ,    AT       c< 

Such  was  the  loftv  atul  just  appreciation  which  Mrs.  Se- 
ton  formed  of  Oatludic  truth;  and  would  that  all  (^atholics 
set  so  high  a  value  upon  these  blessed  privileges  of  their 


07« 


M<) 


rnr.ii  m.i/Miirni  .iw  >7v7v>.v. 


inlH.ritan.-.-  ns  .11.1  this  k.»..1  s.m.I.  t..  uIh.iu  ns  y.'t  tliry  lui.l 
not  It.'.'ii  ^'ivful  ^ 

Dunn-  tin'  lalfr  l^H  «'f  l'"r  stay  lu  I.^^  mrn.  Mi".  N  - 
,.,u  f.v.iu.'iillv  vi>it...l  th..sa.-iv.l  pla.vs,  an.  ,  j.Mi.inu  wi  . 
,l,,,„i„;,  i,,,l,.s..,vi,vs..ril...  ('huirh.  w.M.l.llH.nr  lu.tU 
h..,- s.ml  in  pray.T.     l.ul...Uu.l  n.l  In-r  v.-tunU..  Am....:. 

...ioiu    h.TlM.|vav...l    fa.uilyat  h..in...  slM-    w.m.M    piol  ,1.In 
,J,.,.  ,,,,.,„„,va  Pn.t..staMtis,n  lu"f..iv  l.-avinj;-  Italy,     ll.-w 
ov.%  tlM-  .l.'lay,  altluMiKl.  it  pulail...!  s.-v.-.v  .....nlal    .-nulli.t 
nn.l  suir...in,i  fur  nearly  a  yar   aft-nvanls    m-.v...    ..nly    .. 
,„,„,.  still  m..r..  tii..n.i.l.aullytl...    puw.-r  (,f  tl..-    la.  I.  si.' 
Lul  iX'n.-iv.Hl,  au.l  her  own  luU-lity  t..  th.  gtaccs   b..st..wo.L 


H  yot  tlioy  hin\ 

;1n»rn.  Mi-^-  ^•'• 
I.  joining'  Willi 
lid  jMiur  foi'tli 
nil  \n  AiiH'ii*!! 
her  :>iixi»'ty  tu 
(iiild  |tiul)!iltly 
ji  liiily.  ll«'\^- 
nfiit:il  ri.lillict 
sfivcd  ('Illy  l<» 
'  tilt"  l:iith  sim 
lUTM   bcstowt'd. 


CIIAI'TKH    III. 

xi  r.Kivo   iiii:  iiMiii. 

Mrs.    S,f„n    nftinix   fi>    Amnh-n     Mr.   .1.    FifU'rhf-lhr. 
./.    //.    Ih>!t'i,l     Miiifdl    A;/»ii>/     rnlhrr    ih     r/,,ntif.s 

Llijlll  III  lift!       Mix.  Silnii  I  lllnsl/li    i'lllinll  n/  AlJVH-' 

/.v  hijtl!:i  I  ill  iilil  >'/.  I'lhr's     ll<  rjii-'<l  rmifiHHiun  ami 
I'lnmnitniiiii. 

licnvin,!,'  with  ti-ars  flic  ^ravf  <>f  ln-r  l)i'l<»v»'d  hiiHbiiiid, 
Mrs.  St'ton  s"\  rorili,  ill  Icimth,  on  iIk-  stii  ol"  April,  witli 
ii  hciirt  yt'iiiiiiiiu-  willi  <lfsiiv  :il"lrr  iirr  rliildivn  iif  Imjiu'. 
Mr.  AiitiuHiy  Kilicclii.  wli.»  liinl  l(»iiju' l"'<ii  wisliinu  l"..r  iiiiif- 
Icis  of  l)iHiii"i;  111  vi'it  Aiiifii(M.  \v;is  dfcidfd  by  licr  Iniicly 
sitiiiiMdii  to  iirciiiiijiiMiy  ln'i'  <»n  tli<'  v«»yii;ii'.  '"'his  wai  tlii^ 
Uiviitost  ('((inroit  tn  Ikt;  for  llu.'  t'lit'iidshii)  lu'twccii  them 
was  of  11(1  ciiiniiuiM  (trdt'i'. 

••The  Htli  (if  Apill,"  slit>  writes  ill  licr  joiinial,  "at  lialf- 
past  four  ill  the  iiiornin;.:,  my  d^nucst  broflicr  caiiit'  to  my 
room  t(.  awaU.'ii  my  soul  t(»  all  its  draicst  hopes  and  cx- 
]MM'tations.  '<'|i,.  heaven  was  biiylit  with  stars,  the  wind 
fair,  and  tiie  /'im/iiii/n' ■-<  siiiiial  expeeted  to  call  lis  on 
board;  m(>anwhile  the'  t(.llin-i'  of  the  bell  called  us  to  .\biss, 
and  in  a  few  minutes  we  wero  ju-ostrafe  in  tiie  presence  of 
(iod.  Oh,  my  soul,  how  solemn  was  that  oireiinjr  for  ii 
blessini:  on  our  voyatve  f(U'  my  dear  ones,  my  sisters,  and 
all  .so  (Fear  to  me  -and  mor«^  than  all.  for  the  souls  of  my 
dear  liusJ)and  and  father;  earnestly  our  desires  ascended 
with  the  blessed  Sacr.lice,  that  they  miiiht  find  acceptance 
through  llini  who  unve  Himself  for  us  ;  earnestly  we  tlesiivd 
to  be""  united  with  llii.'.;  and  W(mltl  ^^ladly  encounter  all 
the  sorrows  before  us  to  be  partakers  oi  that  Hl».>ssed  Hody 
and  lilood !    Oh  my  God,  pity  and  spare  me !  .  .  . 

070 


nsf) 


Moiiih.n  i:i.i/.\iii:iii  .i.v.v  snox. 


•' KilliThl'M  IilMf    lilfHsill^r    fo    IIH'WUSIIS    liU  \\llnl»«  conilllrt 

liml  Ih...ii  tliiii  of  III-  Init'^t  fritii'l.  <>li,  l''ilir<lii.  y>u 
Hlinll  Hut  irihii'i.s  injiinst  ,n,.  M;iy  iu>'\  \>h'»^  yt'ii  I'mi-v.-n 
iiMil  limy  ynii  sliiiii'  i\s  til.'  -sturs  In  -^Iniy.'  I'ur  wliiit  ymi 
li;ivi'  dull.'  fur  III.'.  .  .  .  .M«»'it  tl.-iir  Scrnii,  wh.-ro  mv  yt»i, 
iiMw!  I  lus..  siiilit  (.r  tlh-  hIiuiv  III  it  ruiiriiin-^  yuiir  dnw 
iislics.  :iii(l  yfiiif  suiil  JH  ill  thtit  i.-^iuiiol'  iinincusily  uln'iv 
I  .iiiiiiut  liiKl  you.  My  l'':iilit'r  ati'l  my  Mud:  And  >••!  I 
miHl  alway.H  lu'v.'  to  ifti'u,H|».'('t  Tliy  wuiidt-rrul  dhjifJiMiitiuns : 
ti)  l>.' went  isimiaiiy  thnUHiiud  iiillcs  »»ti  su  'uuimv'ss  iiiifiiaiid  : 
tit  \h<  iMiustaiilly  siipjiuiii-d  and  at-rttinpanifd  l>y  Tliy  mu- 
Huliii'4  in.  r-y  liiinimii  sn-iirs  .d'  trial  wldrli  iiatiiiv  alun<> 
inns'  liiivf  MiJiU  iind.'i':  U>)»>  l»i<>iij:lit  lu  tin- liiilii  u|'  Thy 
truth,  md\vlili>fan<Unif  I'vciy  air.'cjiun  of  my  h.-ait  and 
iMiu'.T  of  my  will  wa.H  up|.u^.Ml  tu  it;  lu  In-  siircird  mid 
.'lii'ri^li.'.i  hy  the  li'iidnvst  f»  ifiidsliii*.  wliih- M-i.tuah  d  aii<l 
far  l'1-..in  tluMH  that  I  luv.-d.  My  Wullu'r  aii.l  my  <Jud, 
Willi. '  I  llv.'  N't  nil'  i>tais<-,  wliilf  I  have  my  1't'lii.u:  l.-i  m.; 
Hriv*'  and  ad'  11'  'r}i»'«'=" 

Dai'inK  tic  vuyauv,  wliirli  last.-d  lil'ly  si\  da\  s.  Mrs. 
Si'luii  .■iii|>luy.'  I  her  time  in  uniiiii'j;  as  far  as  ihIms'IiIc  uitli 
Mi,  A.  Kilicdii  in  tla-  ul)S)'rvan('v>i  uf  tin- Clinr.'li,  in  ivad- 
in,u:  tin- liv«'s  of  tin- Saints,  and  in  aniiMintin.ij;  (icrsflf  still 
fi.rflitM-  with  Catliulir  dortiiin'  liy  i'l't'iincnt  cun versa! inu 
with  ht'r  frit'iid.  Sji.'  had  n<(-il  .d'  str.'ivtrtli  f<»r  lh(>st<a'ni 
ol  Miiposition  that  await.'d  her;  and  her  li»':irr  sank,  <'v.>n 
in  tin-  midst  (d"  its  juyfnl  jiiiticijtathms  at  ivtnrninu  h<»iii(', 
at  till'  si'i>:!rati.»!i  that  her  ndii^iuiis  cunvicthms  woiiM  ]n'nv^ 
ahoal  It.'tw.'cn  her  and  her  liitlirrtu  d.vply  rcvt'r.'nc'd  i>aH- 
tov,  th."  lli'v.  .1.  II.  lli»l);irt.  Slu'  .says  in  Imr  journal,  lo.dv- 
iiijU'  f(»rward  to  tills,  "Still  if  yon  will  not  ho  my  brother, 

if   your  d.-ar  frieiidsliip  and  esteem  must  ho  tlie  pri. f 

my' lith'lity  to  what  1  believe  to  be  the  truth,  1  caniait 
doubt  th.'  mercy  of  (fod,  who,  by  deprivinir  mt»  of  my  dear- 
est tie  on  earth,  will  certainly  draw  me  nearer  to  llim  ;  and 
this  I  feid  «^nnlidently  from  the  experience  of  the  past,  and 
the  truth  of  His  promisi>,  which  can  never  fail."" 
Mrs.  Setuu  had  the  happiness  of  linding  all  her  little 


MoWHn  KI.I/MlhTtI  .I.V.V  sNToy, 


IIKt 


wilt  lit'  CfiUillKi 
l''ilir<hi.  v.'ii 
IS  yuil  I'tti'i'Vi'i' ; 
Uw  wliiit  you 
svlu'i'i'  »r«'  jt'i 
iii<  yiiiir  dt'iii' 
iiii't»''ily  ulii'if 
ii:  AikI  \.I  I 
(li'^iH'iisiiti<niM: 
It'sH  I'.ii  fiiiiinl : 
il  by  Tliy  mil 
I  iiiifmi'  mImiim 
If  light  ul'  Thy 
iiiy  hi-ai't  iiud 
I  >*U('(  <'it'i|  nii4 
^fpnnitt  <l  iiiitl 

lllltl     IIIV     <iil'l, 

V  ht'ih.u"  h't   iiiij 

ix  (l!i\  s.    Mrs. 

^1  |it(SM'lil»'  with 
liiii'ch,  ill  rt'inl' 
UiX  '(H'l'-t'ir  >till 
it  coiivcrsatiiiu 
I  for  I  ho  St  firm 
Mii't  Htuik,  cvon 
•tiiniiuu  hoiiK', 
lis  \voii!<5  Inint,' 
•('v*'r»'nc<'(l  piiH- 
•  jouniiil,  look* 
be  my  hrothcr, 
lie  tilt'  ]))•!('<'  of 
truth,  1  caimot 
mt»  of  >uy  (h'ur- 
)>r  to  llim  ;  aiul 
f  tlio  past,  and 
lil." 
r  all  lier  little 


oiuw  In  l^'ir.Tt  h.'idlh;  hut  n  «..v.  iv  trial  auaii-d  h.r 
in  III.-  draih  of  Mi^^  U.lMTca  ?-'.|oii,  m-r  sisi.r  in  hnv 
iind  mu.i  d.ar  roiupanion  and  fri.'iid,  «ho  only  ^uivIm-.I 
ti  r,.w  vv.'.'Uh  iin.'i'  th.ii  r.'  union.  In  losiiiK  l»'"'  ^!i"*-  ^'l"" 
Hi.i.iii.'d  U*  loHP  tin-  last  Ii.-  Ihi.l  l....ind  h.-i  lo  h  -r  r.li'.:ioiis  lifo 
„Mi  I'ror.Miant.  l-'atlr-r.  hn^hmd.  fri.'nd.and  >\..ildly  pros^ 
iM-ritN  hadnovvHhifi.dliomh.ron.'l.yonp;  Init  tin- .hnilh  of 
[his  Iri.-nd.  Ih.'  clwrlslifd  roinpanioii  ..f  all  h.-rvhllH  of  iliar- 
jfv  and  d.'votlon.  of  hrr  piayfi^an.l  rradimis  and  Ihrsynipa. 

tlii/iii  '  ivrii.i.-nt  of  her  li.'inr- most  invvanl  aspiialioiisall.T 

(iud    muM   hav.'  hrolx-i,  ih.'  id  that  uiim  most  IlK.dy  to 

Jmv.'h.'M  h.Ts.Mil  .iisnantl  to  all  its  ohl  nHsndafh.iis  nnd 

i»r«'|ndh*«'^-  .,       ,     ,     > 

Mrs  s,.tonthiiHs|,.iiUsorh<'rsistrr  inli'w:   "Mn-uhohad 

l„.;.„ih.'dMrr:mi|Mnionofalllh"i"i"^andallth.Tomforts, 
„|son'Hof  piaiM.andnot.'Hof  H(»iTovv.  tln-d.r.r,  I'aithlul,  l-n- 
,,,.,.  f,i,.,„|  of  mv  soul  ihrouuh  m-rv  varh'd  s.vii.'  oi  many 
V,.a»s  of  trial,  pm.. ;  only  l ln>  »hadov.  ivmainin-.  and  i  liat  m  a 
f..sv<lavs  mn>t  passawayl  Tin-  hour  of  phmty  ..ndr..m  ort. 
,1,,.  soiirtv  of  sist.Ms  nnit.'.l  by  l.iay.-rs  ami  Divnm  albr- 
th.nH.  tluM.v.min:,'  hyinns.  ilio  daily  r.-a.rnms  tin-  suv.-t  .-..n^ 

t..,nplations.  tin'  s-rvi. f  holy<lays  to,..tln.r.  tlm  kiss  of 

'      „M.   widows'   visits    all.  all    p-H-   lo..'V.-.-:     And   is 

„v,.rtv  a,.d  sorrow  th.  .miy  ..xHianp-     My  hnsband    .nv 

sistor,  mv  l.om..,  my  .'omforts    poverty  and  sorrow.     W  .11, 

,vit-li  (i-Ml-s  bh-ssinu-,  yo.i  too  shall  b.  rhan^'d  int..  .h-aiys. 

frh-nds      To  tiic  worM  von  show  your  .mtwar.l  -armrnt.; 


1„„  tinonuh  th.'m  yon  dis.-ovrr  .o  my  s.ml  th.-  palm  ..I  vu- 
torv.  th.Miinmph  .  !Waith.  a.id  th.swvH  t..otst.p«  o  .Ky 
K..;i;.Mm.r,  h.:ulin.  dir....t  to  His  kinj^d-.m;  tl"-  1<  - 
,.vntlv  m.'.'t  von.  1...  ivn-iv.-.l  in  y.Mir  oosnm,  a..<  br  .  .i.ly 
ronlm-r..d  bv"  vour  .•onns..ls  thr.n-h  th.«  r.Mnain.h'r  of  my 
.U.stinrd  jonrm'-y.  I  know  that  mat^v  Dlvlm.  gi-a.-.-s  n-r-mi- 
p;un- vour  faith,  ami  .  ham;."  tlm  stitti^s  ol  p.mamv  lor  .as. 
:,r  ,.;,„'s,.l,.nr..,  and  thn  solitud.,  of  tlm  .'.'sort  L.r  tho  soru-tj 

'^  Mrr's'-ton  U'inu'  thus  fully  .-nya-od  with  Imrdyin.i::  sis- 
ter imm.diHt.ly  on  her  return  from  Italy,  could  not  h.lp 


m 


utia 


vmiKit  Niix.ifiKrn  .i.v.v  ftKTffX. 


r»»riM'«««flnif  |»ulhfiill>  tli"  'lllT.-r.-ri.-.'  IhMw.mii  fli.>  tlt-afli  ImmI 
of  u  I'loti'^tiiiil  iiii'i  iiiif  \vln»  h  foiiilltil  li\  nil  tJM'  f*arni" 
iiumUh  uf  III"'  riiimh.  Vff,  iifh'i'ijii'liln!  wn»»»vi»i',  Ih'I'  iiiin«l 
lit'i'imif  iiimrr«'rilily  Ii;ii'iih-««'iI  l»y  iloiifjfH  iiml  f»'m|>r!iil<»iiH 
r»"«j»«TtlnLj;  Iht  liiHir.'  ii'lhcJuiis  |Mi»f<'««»I'»:i.  Hii  LmvIiiu  \,i'h 
limn,  nht'  hiid  lii>«>u  fniiiMM'il  dy  Mi'.  t-'ili<«lii  wiiliM  Iritfi- 
nt  inti'MilKiiidit  hi  lli<>  Uiuilit  U'V.  hr.  i'airull,  ItMiu^t  nf 
HaltiiiHUK;    liiif    imr.niiiinft'l.v.    this    Ji'H.'i'    wiih    not    tit 

Miicc  (Ii'IIvi'I'imI  ;  iiinl.   following   fUt*   ufll  infiiiit   luhit f 

Mr.  {''illcrlil  to  iKviuiliii  li'T  jMsfui-  jiml  I'lirihh  with  Ikt 
cliiiliUf  of  |iriiii'i|»l<'s,  «»iif|i  II  >H|onii  of  o|t|ioHhliiii  nuiit'  down 
ujioii  lifi'.  rli.it  for  II  loiiir  Miim'  Ih-i'  iiiIihI  whs  iUvMmiI  utnl  Iw- 
uili|«Mvii.  Ill  I  tiMii|>ti>(l  to  Mtmy  IxK'k  itlto^ftlifr  from  iIim 
iii'wiy  foiiml  |i:illi  of  ti'iilli. 

Mr.  II  t't.iit.  ill  p.iriiniliir.  wh  mi-  lali'iits  iiinl  ii-liuioiH 
/I'lil  \v"i'«'  Vfiy  ;xi''!if.  nni(  f'»i'  wli  »ni  Ih'I*  own  Kii'iit  |i!iirinllty 
pji'iiilfil  Htroii'xiy.  I  It  iio  iirj:iniii'iit  iiiiiiirtl  rlmt  roiiM  ho 
lii'oii'^Iit  to  Iv.ir  iipMii  tlif  Miil>ji'.'l.  Ami  (It  iiy:li  roiistaiit 
jtcit'Ciil  iniiniaiiir.itioii  with  .Mr.  .\iitli"iiy  l-'ilin-lii  ill  Ni'w 
York,  ami  cpi-tolaiy  corit'Hpomli'm'i'  widi  IiIh  ImoiImt  iif 
li  •^rlioiii.  !\i'|it  up  ilif  warl'aif  oii  tin-  oiIht  «l<l«'.  y<'l  lor 
many  m  »iitlis  s]\i>  <•  mM  not  si'i>  her  way  cji-arly  to  iciiuiim'i' 
forcvi-r  tile  rii'i'd  ill  wliirli  sli '  had  Im'cii  hioiiylir  up. 
M:it,  at'ciistom  'd  !iH  slic  was  almost  iiu't'ssaiitly  to  lay  i-Vfiy 
tpoiiliif  liffoi'i'  ({od  and  liiip!or.<  His  Divine  ^iuidanct',  flu; 
;0'nii  of  fiiilli  4'oiild  not  liestilipl  wiililn  licr:  and  pi'rlia]is 
if  ItiMvim  '  otdy  m  ac  (irmly  roi»r"(|  diirimr  this  tiim>  of  Mif 
fi'iiii'j'.  Till'  InotlM-rs  l*'iliiTlii  wcr.'  nnwearit'd  in  t<'acliin^. 
coll  use]  inir,  and  ronlirmiii.i.?  Iht  wa\«'riiij;-  mind.  Tlit> 
l»>tt»'r.s  of  JMiiliii,  in  parliciilar,  are  moilcls  of  wisdom,  pifty, 
ami  cliarity  ;  and  as  tln'  Idtersof  a  layman  eii^'atrt'd  in 
activi' mt'i-canf ilf  piirsnits,  tlu-y  licar  the  marks  of  no  com 
moil  attainments.  Ife  mncli  ret^retted  that  .Nfrs.  Seton  liad 
not  entered  the  Cathiillc  (;imrch  whilst  in  Italv,  and  under 
the  full  for*')' of  ('((iivictions. 

'I'lioiiuh  iinalile  toad  decidedly,  Mrs,  S  'ton's  mind  seemed 
?itill    nioi'e  una!»le  to  h't  l'o  the  friitlis  it  had  already  em 
braced.    She  thus  doscribus  lier  own  .siii'^ilar  .state :  " On  ar- 


Hm*  ilMutli  Im>i| 
nil  jIm-  i^urni 

OVi>l',  hiM'  llllliil 

d   (•'inpttitiiiiiH 
Ml  It'iivliiu  hi'u; 
li  wiili  II  Iritcr 

-nil,     lli<tll<)|)   tif 

'  wn-*  nut  iit 
'Milt  ihIvIci'  uf 
ii'llth  uilli  IHT 
lull  niiiD'  down 
liv  i<l)><l  iiiul  !»«•• 
•tlit>r  from  iIid 

limi    I'cliuiolH 

;r«'iit  piiirliility 
tliiit  Diiilij  hi) 

M  ftl^^ll  *-(i||s|;it|t 
•'ilirrlil  nl  New 
IiIh    iMittlitT  lit 

r  Midi',  yet  luf 
•|y  •<•  i'fiiiiu!i<'(» 
.    lii'niiM'hr    up. 

Iv  fo  lilV  fVi'I'V 

*  ►  • 

^llltllUlci',  tilt) 
;  mill  pi'l'li;i]M 
is  Hint'  (if  Mif. 
'(I  ill  tf.'K'liiii'j:. 
iiiiiiil.  Tln» 
kvisdoiii,  piffy, 
III  «'ii^!i!X<'d  ill 
rks  of  lin  coill- 
frs.  St'futi  Iind 
iilv,  mid  iindt'i' 

S  lllitld  S('('IIH'(l 

(1  iilii'iidy  •'III- 
stiite:  "Oil  ur- 


yiminn  niir.\in:iu  .i.v.v  nt:ins;  M 

ffrlnff nt  lintn.-  ifiorii  Imlyt  I  wnt  ii-.'»iiil.d  "m  rh.«  n\\S^\*>H  nf 
n-lltfioti  !•>  ili.M'l.'iK.v.  «li«»  liitkfd  ..I  AiitH'liih},  idiilidi-v, 
mill  iirg^'d  ol»|Mi'tloiiH  III  foiii'iiiH ;  wliU-h.  flimiuli  not  <mni 
|)|«i  or  i'limi«ii»4  tli»'Mpinl«ui<t  I  lind  ii.l«.?tt-d.  Iinvi-  t-iilfH'il 
lil.'.'tluliuh  fo  lu'"p  III'*  III  II  sllll*'  "f  li.Minitinii;  itiid  I  niii 
lliiiH  ill  rli.«  liiiiids  ..r  (iH.I.  piiisliiu  iilu'i'  '••>•'  '•""•  '''"'  '"'* 
hlvliii'  liulit,  vvlih'li  mil  iiImiik  dlivof  iiii.  iiiiulit.  I  iii-tni''^ 
my  rlilldivii  ill  tlh'  I'liHiollr  i.-IIkIoii.  wIiIi-miI  IiiUIpk  miv 
dfcldtMl  sr.'p;  my  li<iiif  i^  In  flint  I'nitli.  mid  It  U  m v  ^ivvwi 
v^\  lomfoit  l.jst'uilDii  m^-'-ir  in  liiii«j;in;iilMii  in  ;i  rutliulio 

iliiiirli." 

Till'  I'oldii.'s^  of  mmiy.  Ind.-fd  m<Hf   of  Ii.t   PioffHtmif 
filfudt,  wliH  w.'iv   MMiidiili/t'd  lit   liri  v.'iitiuin.u    I"  ••iitfi' 

tiiiti   miy  dtMilits  uu   tli.«  siil.j.M't    ol  ivliy;i «ii«  ii  Ki.'i.t 

trial  t'/li.-r  wmin  mid  niiil  M.-.-diiiK  l>»'iiH  :  l»iit  pi'iliiips  ti 
Ntlll  «ivuli'r  ti'mptiitlnn  for  h.-i-  liiy  in  Hi"  !ilVi'«!tl(HiutM  up. 
pi'iiliHrniitimiiilly  mild.' tn  lM>i'l»y  Mr.  Il<.'i;iit 

Till'  v.-ry  fiiff  of  l>.'iii;u'  in  n  slnlf  "I"  (h.iiltt,  nf  ruiu>t'. 
m:id<«  Mis.  S.-t.»ii  ii  suit  of  ruiniiiuii  \m>^  for  pronely tl/.fVH 
,,f  lilt  d.'nomina'ions,  wlildi  sim  ln-rsflf  d.-scrilM-j*  in  ii 
liv.'ly  miiniiHr.  "1  liiid,"  s'lc  Mays,  "n  iii..st  iiir.Mjionat.- 
not.'' from  Mr.  llol)mt  today,  n-*kinu'  m.-  how  I  roiih',  .'v<'r 
lliiidx  of  i.'iiviii'c  Jhf  Cliiiirii  in  wliirli  1  was  haptiz-'d.  Hiil 
ili.muli  \vliat<'v.'r  Im'  Miiyn  has  lli.^  w.'iuhl  of  my  [.artiaiify 
I'orhim,  as  w.-ii  as  tli.'  r.'sp.rt  it  mthis  t'>  m«'  I  i-tMil.l 
unirivly  Iimvp  for  any  on.'  ••Is.',  y.'t  that  (pirstion  mad.'  iim 
smil.'     tor  it  is  likc'savini;-   tliat  wh.'r.'v.-r  a  riiild    is  h.-ni, 

au.l  uli.'ivv.'r  its  paivnts   pi it,  tlirr.'  it  will  lin.l   Hih 

truth;  mill  he  doos  m»t  ln'sw  tli''  «1"»11  iii\it'i;if)ns  mad.'  iim 
I'very  day  sine.'  \  mii  in  my  litth'  n.'w  liom.'.  and  ol.l  fri.'n.is 
roni.' t.>s.'»"  ni.«:  I'or  it  liis  alr.'jdy  liapp.'ii.'d  that  on.'  of 
thr  most  .'X.'.'ll.'nt  w.. III. '11  1  .'v.'r  Uii.'W.  who  ,s  of  ;li.» 
(Mniirh  of  Scotland,  liiulin.mm'  uns.'tti.'d  ai).»nl  ili.'  ur.'at 
(.hj.'.'t  of  a  tni.'  faitli,  said  t..  m.> :  'Oh.  .lo.  d.-rr  soal.  .'onm 
mid  h.-ar  .mr  .1.  Mas..n,  an.l  \  am  siiiv  y.m  niii  join  .is. 

"  A  lilth'  aft.'r  cam.'  oiu'  w  hom  I  loved  for  the  purest  mid 
m.ist  inmu'ent  inanm'rs.  of  tlie  Society  of  <iiiaUers  t..  uln,  ii 
I  havo  boon  always  attached) ;  she  .-oaxed  me  .oo  with  ut- 


084 


jrCTIIER  ELIZABETH  ANN  SETON. 


less  persuasion.  'Hetsey,  T  tell  Miee,  thee  liiid  hotter  cottio 
with  us.'     And  my  faithful  ohl  friend  of  the  AmihuiitiHt 

iiieetini?,   Mrs.  T ,  .v.iys,  with   tears  in  her  eyes,   'Oh, 

could  yuu  be  reu:erierate(l  ;  could  you  know  our  experienees, 
and 'Mijoy  with  us  our  heavenly  bainiuet.'  And  my  good 
old  >fary,  the  Methodist,  groans  and  contemitlates,  as  she 
calls  it,  over  my  soul,  so  misled  because  1  have  got  no  c(tn- 
victions.  Hut  oh.  my  Father  and  my  (iod  I  all  that  will 
not  do  for  me.  Your  word  is  truth,  and  without  contradic- 
tion, wl:erever  it  is.  One  faith,  one  hope,  one  baidism,  I 
look  for,  wherever  it  is;  and  I  ofb'U  think  my  sins,  my 
miseries,  J.dde  the  light :  yet  1  will  cling  and  hold  to  my 
God  to  the  last  gasp,  begging  for  that  light ,  and  never 
change  until  I  llnd  it." 

Again  siie  tiuis  writes  to  Mr.s.  A.  Filicchi.  in  Se[»tember; 
"  Your  Antonio  would  not  f;ven  have  been  will  i)leased 
to  se3  me  in  St.  Paul's  (Protestan.  Episcopal)  Church  to- 
day ;  hnt  peace  and  persuasion  about  projuieties,  etc.,  over 
prevailed  :  yet  I  got  in  a  side  pe^v,  which  turned  my  face 
towards  the  Catholic;  church  in  the  next  street,  and  found 
myself  twenty  times  speaking  to  the  Blessed  Sacrament 
t/tere.  Instead  of  looking  at  the  naked  altar  where  I  was,  or 
minding  the  routine  of  j^rayers.  Tears  plenty,  and  sighs 
as  silent  and  deep  as  when  I  first  entered  your  blessed 
Church  of  the  Annunication  irf  Florence — all  turning  t  >  the 
one  only  desire,  to  see  the  way  most  pleasing  to  my  God, 
whichever  that  way  is.  .  ,  . 

"I  can  only  say,  T  do  long  and  desire  to  worship  our 
God  in  truth  ;  and  if  I  had  never  met  you  Catholics,  and 
yet  should  have  read  the  books  Mr.  Ilobart  has  brought 
me,  they  would  have  in  themselves  brought  a  thousand  un- 
certainties and  doubts  to  my  mind ;  and  these  soften  my 
heart  so  much  before  God,  in  the  certainty  how  much  He 
must  pity  me,  knowing  as  He  does  the  whole  and  sole  bent 
of  my  soul  is  to  please  Him  only,  and  get  close  to  Him  in 
this  life  and  iu  the  next,  that  in  tlie  midnight  hour,  believe 
nie,  1  often  look  up  at  the  walls  through  the  tears  and  dis- 
tress that  overpower  me,  expecting  rather  to  see  His  fin- 


T 


T 


MOTHER  KUZALKTU  .LV-V  AATO.V 


OS." 


1(1  botfor  coTTie 
le  Amib!i])tiHt 
or  eyes,  'Oli, 
ircxpi'iiciioes, 
Villi  my  gooil 
platt's,  iis  she 
ke  f;;(>t  no  ('(tn- 

all  that  will 
tout  rontradic- 
<\ui  l)al)^i^•nl.  I 

my  sins,  my 
I  li(»l(I  to  my 
it ,  and  novel' 

in  Soptembor; 
,  will  i>leasod 
1)  Clnurh  to- 
les,  etc.,  over 
rned  my  face 
et,  and  found 
ed  Sacrament 
here  I  was,  or 
ity,  and  sifjhs 
yonr  blessed 
turning  t'>  the 
<■!,  to  my  God, 

)  worship  our 
Catholics,  and 

has  bronght 
.  thonsand  nn- 
>se  soften  my 
ow  mnch  He 
and  sole  bent 
•se  to  Him  in 

liour,  believe 
tears  and  dis- 
)  see  His  fin- 


per  writing  on  the  wall  for  my  roliof,  than  that  Ho  will 
i'orsakt"  or  abandon  so  poor  a  <Moaturo." 

Mrs.  Sfton  made  on»' linal  olfort  to  find  c(mi fort  in  that 
form  of  worship  when;  she  had  boon  so  l(»ng  acciistoniod  to 
hook  it.  "W-rald  you  bolio.vo  it,  Amabiliii.  in  a  dosp(.«i:i- 
lion  <»l'  hoart  1  wont  last  Sunday  to  St.  (r.MUgo'.s  ( l*rott>slant 
Episcopal )  ('lunch  ;  tho  wants  and  nocossitios  of  my  soul 
wore  so  ju'essing  that  1  looked  straight  ui»  to  (iod,  and  I 
told  Him,  since  I  cann(»t  see  tlH>  way  to  i)loaso  You.  whom 
alono  f  wish  to  pl<*aso,  ovorything  is  indilVoront  to  mo;  and 
until  Vou  do  show  mo  tho  way  You  moan  mo  to  walk  in,  1 
will  trudge  on  in  the  path  You  sulfored  mo  ro  be  born  in, 
iind  go  even  to  the  very  Sacrament  whore  I  once  used  to 

lind  Y<ui. 

••S(.away  I  wont,  my  old  Mary  happy  to  take  care  of 
the  childroii  for  mo  once  more  until  I  <'aiue  back;  but  if  I 
loft  the  house  a  PnUostant,  I  returned  to  it  a  Catholic,  I 
think  ;  since  I  dottirminod  to  go  no  more  to  thoProtestant.s, 
l)oing  much  more  tr(iid)lod  than  ever  I  thought  1  could  be 
w'hilst  I  ronuMiiberod  Uod  is  my  ({od.  But  so  it  was,  th:;t 
in  the  bowing  of  my  heart  before  the  Bishop  to  receive  his  j'.b- 
M.lution,  which  is  given  publicly  and  univor.sally  to  all  in  tho 
(^'Imrch,  1  had  not  the  leasr  faith  in  his  prayeis,  and  looked 
for  an  apostoli<'  loosing  fron\  my  sins,  w  hich,  by  the  books 
Mr.  Hobarr  had  given  me  to  read,  I  lind  they  do  not  claim  ():• 
admit ;  thus  trembling  I  went  to  communion,  half  dead  with 
tho  inward  struggle;  when  they  said  'the  body  and  blood 
of  Christ,"— oh,  Amabilia,  no  words  can  e.xpress  my  trial. 

'•I  took  the  Dail'i  En'.rclse  of  good  Abbe  PliMikett,  to 
road  the  prayers  after  Communion;  but  finding  every  word 
addressed  to  our  dear  Saviour  as  really  present,  I  became 
half  crazy,  und  for  the  first  time  could  not  bear  the  sweet 
caresses  of  the  darlings,  nor  bless  their  little  dinner.  Oh, 
my  God,  that  day  !  but  it  finished  calmly  at  last,  abandon- 
ing all  to  God,  and  a  renewed  confidence  in  the  r.iessod 
Yh-gin ;  whose  mild  and  peaceful  look  reproached  my  bold 
excesses,  and  reminded  me  to  fix  my  heart  above  with  bet- 
ter hopes." 


T 


(180 


ilOrUEli  KUZAIiKTIl  ASS  SKTOS. 


So  tort.iml  uns  the  niUKl  of  Mis.  Scton  at  this  timo,  tlmt 
slu'  had  ovfti  tli<)iii,'lit  ill  despair  of  (Mnbiaciii,!,^  U"  paitK-ular 
formof  (Minstiaiiitv  until  tiu-   lioiu-  of  (U-alli ;  but  talun^^ 
up  a  siMni.ii  of  liounlalou.'  ou  llic  I'Vast  of  tiie   Hpiphany, 
:„ul  lUii.'tiu-  witli  thH  following  obs.M-vations,  in  allusion  to 
the  in.iuirv  -  Whcro  is  lie  who  is  born  Kinj;-  of  tla-  .lews  > 
tliut  wluMi\vH  no  lo:i-.'r  diso-rn  th;'   siar  of  faith,  we  must 
H.M'k  it  where  alone  it  is  to  bo  found,  anion^-  the  deposito- 
ries of  th"  Divine  word,  the  pastors  o'"  the  Clmrch,  she  was, 
bv  the  blessinir  of  (fo<l,  so  deeply  impressed  by  the  sn<;,--es- 
ti'oii.  that  she  immediately   turned  a-rain   to  the  Catholie 
books  which  had  originally  so   forcibly  attracted  her;  and 
beiu'.-  nnal)le  to  ol)tain  an  interview  with  the   priest  in  her 
oA-n'iiei-hborhood,  wrot<'  at  once  to  solicit  directions  from 
thi'  Rev.  .lohn  L  ):iis  dj  (Jheverus,"  of  Boston. 

in  vain  did  her  Prot.'stant  friends  use  all  the  common  ar- 
u-  ,,n  'urs  to  deter  her.     Worldly  considerations  were  noth- 
\\\si  to  her  where  her  soul  was  concerned.      "The  Catholics 
of^New  York  were  represented  to  me,"  she  tells  a  friend  at 
this  time,  "as  the  offsconrinss  of  the  people,"  and  the  coft- 
..•n-ration  as  "a  public  nuisance;  but,"   she  adds,  "that 
n-oubles  not  me.     The  c(Mij>;regations  of  a  city  may  be  very 
shnbbv,  vet  very  pleasing   to  C^od ;  or  very  bad  people 
amoni  tliem,  vet  that  cannot  hurt  the  faith,  as  I  take  it. 
Vnd  should  the  priest  himself  deserve  no  more  respect  than 
is  here  allowed  him,  his  ministry  of  the  Sacraments  vould 
W  the  same  to  me,  if  I  ever  shall  receive  them.     I  seek  but 
(lod  and  His  Church ;  and  expect  to  lind  my  peace  in  them, 

not  in  the  people." 

Mrs.  Seton  then  put  herself  in  correspondence  with  initlier 
(Uieverus:  and  this  step  was  of  the  greatest  service  to  her. 
His  timelv  counsels  and  the  wise  advice  of  Bishop  Carrol , 
at  lensth.  under  God,  dispelled  the  clouds  from  her  soul, 
and  determined  her  to  delay  no  longer  seeking  admission 
to  the  Catholic  Church.  These  are  her  own  words  on  mak- 
ing this  important  decision,  and  are  the  last  extract  we 


■  Af tci  ward  .^  Cardinal,    llo  died  in  1830,  Archbialiop  of  Bordeaux,  In  France. 


im 


mm 


T 


mmnm  KUXAin-yni  axx  sin-ox. 


087 


[his  tinio,  tlmt 

iu>  iiaiti<'ular 

I ;  but  taking 

lie   Epiphany, 

in  aUiision  to 

(.f  the  .lewsT 

lilh,  wi'  must 

thf  (U'positu- 

urch,  she  was, 

hv  the  sti^uvs- 

1  tlu'  Callioru^ 

rted  lior;  and 

priest  in  her 

iiec'tions  from 

le  common  ar- 
ins  were  noth- 
The  Catliolics 
ells  a  friend  at 
,"  and  the  coft- 
lO  adds,  "that 
;y  may  be  very 
ry  bad  peoplo 
i,  as  I  take  it. 
»re  respect  than 
raments  would 
im.     1  seek  but 
■  peace  in  them, 

nee  with  Father 
,  service  to  her. 
Bishop  Carroll, 
from  her  soul, 
king  admission 
words  on  mak- 
last  extract  we 

France, 


shall  make  from  Ikm-  pen  as  a  Protestant:  '-Xow,  they 
tell  me,  take  care;  i  am  a  moth<'r,  and  my  children  1  must 
answer  for  in  jud.iiment,  whatever  faitli  1  lead  lliem  to. 
That  being  so,  and  1  s)  unconscious,  for  I  little  ih. night, 
till  told  by  >[r.  U(.l)ait.  that  their  faith  «ould  be  so  full 
,,r  c(>nse(pi*ence  to  tliem  and  nu'.  I  will  go  peacefidly 
and  lirndy  t(.  the  ("ailio!i<;  Clnnrli ;  for  if  faith  is  so  im- 
portant to  our  salvation,  T  will  seek  it  where  true  laitli 
iirst  began  ;   seek  it   amongst  those  who  received  it  from 

(Jod  Himself. 

"The controversies  lam  cpiite  incapabh^  of  deciding;  and 
us  the  strictest  Protestant  alhtws  salvation  to  a  good  CathoHc, 
to  the  Catholics  I  will  go,  and  try  to  be  a  good  one.     ^lay 
(iod  accept  mv  intentions  and  pity  me.     As  to  supposing 
the  word  of  our  L.rd  has  failed,  and  that  He  sulTered  His 
iirst  foundation  to  be  ))uilt  on  by  Anti-Christ,  I  cannot  stop 
on  that  without  stopping  (.n  every  other  word  of  our  Lonl. 
and    being  tempted    to    l)e    no   Christian  at    all;    for    if 
the    first ''church    became    Anti-Christ,    and    the    second 
holds  her  rights   from  it,  then   I   should  he  afraid  both 
mi'dit  be  Anti-Christ,  and   I  make  my  way  to   the  bot- 
tomless pit  bv   following  either.     Come,    then,  my  litth^ 
„nes    we  will  go  to  judgment   together,  ami   present  our 
Lord  His  own  words ;  and  if  He  says,  '  You  fools,  I  did  not 
me'in  that,'  we  will  say,  'Since  You  .said  You  would  be  al- 
tcai/s  even  to  the  end  of  ages,  with  this  Church  \ou  built 
with  Your  Blood,  if  You  ever  left  it,  it  is  Your  word  which 
misled  us  ;  therefore,  please  to  pardon  Your  poor  fools,  xor 
Your  own  word's  sake.' " 

On  Ash-AVednesday  then,  March  14,  IStr),  Mrs.  Seton 
presented  herself  for  acceptance  in  old  f^t.  Peter's  Church, 
Xew  York  City.  " How  the  heart,"  she  says,  "died  away, 
as  it  were,  in  silence,  before  the  little  tabernacle  and  the 
large  crucitixion  over  it!  Ah,  my  God  here  let  me  rest; 
and  down  the  head  on  the  bosom,  and  the  knees  on  the 
bench  '  After  Mass  she  was  received  into  the  Church  by 
a  venerable  Irish  priest,  the  Rev.  ^Lxtthew  O'P.rien  in  the 
presence  ot  her  most  true  friend,  Mr.  Anthony  I'lhcchi. 


T 


08S 


MOTIIEH  KUXAIiKriI  ASN  SKTOy. 


Wlitit  Ills  f»'('lin,i,'s  must  Imve  Iummi,  at  this  liappy  tormina- 
tinii  to  all  his  anxieties  on  her  account,  can  In-  v.dl  ini- 
a;^MiU!d.  Li'SH  easily  hers  as  slui  rctunicd  home,  "light  sit 
lieart,  and  cool  of  head,  the  first  tinier  these  many  lonj,' 
m(mths  but  not  without  besj;ing  our  Lord  to  \\'v\\\)  my 
lieart  df.'i>  in  thai  open  Side,  so  well  described  in  the  Iteau- 
til'ul  crucilixion;  or  lock  it  up  in  his  little  tabernacle,  where 
I  sliall  now  rest  forever.  Oh,  the  enchiarnients  of  this  day 
with  the  children,  and  the  play  of  he  heart  with  ({(.d, 
while  keepinu-  up  their  little  I'arc.'s  with  them."  What  a 
contrast  to  the  torturin.u"  anxieties  of  the  last  twelv(>  months  ; 
uikI,  in  particular,  to  the  trouble  and  disapp(»intment  she 
experienced  in  partakinj,'  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  in  the  Prot- 
estant church,  when,  "for  the  hist  time  in  her  life,  she 
could  not  bear  the  sweet  caresses  of  her  darling  childr'  • 
nor  bless  their  dinm.'rl" 

The  following  extracts  from  her  journal  of  this  time  all 
breathe  the  same  happy  spirit  of  peace  and  conteiiinKMit ; 
"So  delighted  now  to  prepare  for  this  good  confession, 
which,  bad  as  1  am,  I  would  be  ready  to  make  on  the  house- 
top, to  insure  the  good  absolution  T  hope  for  after  it.  and 
then  to  set  out  a  new  life,  a  new  existence  itself:  no  great 
difliculty  for  me  to  be  ready  for  it:  for  truly  my  life  has 
been  well  culled  over  in  bitterness  of  soul,  three  months  of 
sorrow  past."  "  It  is  done  easy  enough.  The  kindest  con- 
fessor is  this  Mr.  O'lirien,  with  the  compassion  and  yet 
firmness  in  this  work  of  mercy  which  T  would  have  expected 
from  my  Lord  Himself.  Our  Lord  Himself  I  saw  alone  in  idm, 
both  in  his  and  my  part  in  this  venerable  Sacrament;  for, 
oil !  how  awful  those  words  of  unloosing  after  a  thirty  years' 
bondage.  I  felt  as  if  my  chains  fell,  as  those  of  St.  Peter, 
at  the  touch  of  the  Divine  messenger." 

"My  God!  what  new  scenes  for  my  soul!  Annuncia- 
tion Bay  I  shall  be  made  one  with  Him  who  said,  '  Unless 
you  eat  ^fy  flesh  and  drink  My  blood,  you  can  have  no  part 
with  Me.'  I  count  the  days  and  hours ;  yet  a  few  more  of 
liope  and  expectation,  and  then— How  briglit  the  sun,  these 
morning  walks  of  preparation !    Deep  snow  or  smooth  ice, 


T 


MorilL'll  KLIXMIKTII  A\y  SKTOX. 


080 


iippy  toi'Tnina- 
11  lie  well  iiu- 
)m(',  "light  at 
se  many  long 
1  to  wnij*  my 
'.I  ill  tlu"  Itfiiii- 
u'riwK'lc,  where 
its  of  this  (lay 
iirt  Avitli  (J(m1, 
111."  Whiit  a 
\v»'lv(>  months ; 
pointmcnt  she 
>r,  in  the  I'rot- 
1  her  litV,  she 
rling  childi''  • 

f  this  time  all 
contcninKMit : 
i)(l  confession, 
>  on  the  iioiiso- 
»i'  after  it.  nnd 
tself :  no  great 
ly  my  life  has 
liree  months  of 
le  kindest  con- 
ission  and  yet 
have  expected 
Avaloneiniiim, 
acrament ;  for, 
a  thirty  years' 
ie  of  St^.  Peter, 

il !  Annnncia- 
[)  said,  'Unless 
in  have  no  part 
;  a  few  more  of 
;  the  sun,  these 
or  smooth  ice, 


nil  to  mo  the  same     I  see  nothing  but  the  little  bright  cross 
t»n  St.   Peter's  steeph'." 

'•:»:•///  Moirli.  At  last,  <fod  is  minis  and  I  am  llis.  Now 
let  all  go  its  KMiiid.  I  have  received  lliiii.  The  awful  im- 
l)ressioiis  of  the  evening  before,  .lesus,  of  not  having  done 
all  to  prepare;  and  yet  even  the  trausp(»rts  (»f  conlidence 
and  hope  in  llis  goodness.  My  («od  I  to  the  last  breath  of 
life  will  I  not  remenil)er  this  night  of  watching  for  morning 
dawn,  the  fearful  beating  heart,  so  pressing  to  begone;  the 
hmg  walk  to  town,  but  every  step  coiiut<'d  nearer  that 
street;  then  nearer  that  tabernacle;  then  nearer  the  mo- 
ment He  would  enter  the  poor,  po(U-  little  dwelling  so  all 
His  own.  And  when  He  did  the  lirst  thought  I  remember 
was,  'Let  (iod  arise,  let  his  enemies  be  scattered;'  for  it 
seemed  tome  my  King  had  come  to  take  his  throne;  and 
instead  of  the  humble.  t(>nder  welcome  I  had  expected  to 
give  Him.  it  was  but  a  triiimpli  of  joy  and  gladness,  that  the 
deliv«'rer  was'  ,)ni(>.  and  my  defense,  and  shield,  and  strength, 
and  salvation  made  miiu!  for  this  world  and  the  next. 
Now,  then,  all  the  ivce.s.ses  of  my  heart  found  their  lling, 

and  it  danced  with  more  fervor    lut,  1  must  not  .say  that 

but  perhaps  almost  with  as  much,  as  the  royal  psalmist  be- 
fore his  ark  ;  for  I  was  far  richer  than  he,  and  more  hon- 
ored than  he  ever  could  be.  Now  the  point  is  f(u-  the 
fruits.  So  far,  truly,  I  feel  all  the  i  .wers  of  my  soul  held 
fast  by  llim.  who  came  with  so  much  majesty  to  take  pos- 
session of  llis  little  poor  kingdom." 


1 


T 


CHAPTER  IV. 

ON  Tin:  WAY  tU'ClliasTIAN    PKIUKCTIOX. 

p,.arc-Fiithi'r  Vhr.r.cnis-imU'cni-Mrx.  ^vfnn  op,ns  a 
l,o„n!hHf-hou.s,-ls  vonjlniml  h,i  Hlxhoo  Canoll- 
Anuthri-  ('o>Hrrf-Pn's,'rNfiou.s--/hr.  W.  V  Ihthourf/ 
omt  hh  pfatfi-Mrs.  i<et<m  noes  tn  liaUimnrv  -Lif^ral- 
U>i  ofihe  I'Vlirrhi  hro(hn-H-Mr.  ('ooi>,r-Thi'  -S/sfrrs 
of  SLJosi'itir—M  P:ia,iiUlsburu~i<t.Josi'i,lis  \all('>f. 

li..li..l.l  >rrs.  S.^ton.  then,  at  k'n<,'tli  saf.'ly  liousfa  witliin 
tlu';.ikt()\var«lHwln<'li  liei-soul  hail  for  so  lon.^  unconsi'iously 
veini.'d  After  all  tho  dUIiculties  and  doubts  she  had  l.eeii 
VasHin-  thi-ou-h,  she  was  well  prepared  to  rejoice  ui  tho 
possession  of  peace  on  which  she  had  now  entered ;  n()t 
i„'iic(^  undisturbed,  but  still  i)eace  that  could  not  be  removed. 
Sho  was  now,  as  she  herself  hastened  to  inform  Father 
de  (Mieverus,  whose  advicj  had  so  materially  aided  her  con 
version,  ^'a  poor  burdened  creature,  weighed  down  with 
sins  and  sorrows,  receiving  an  immediate  transition  to  hie, 

liberty,  and  rest." 

To  the  close  of  Iut  life  Mrs.  Seton  mainrained  a  corre- 
spondence with  this  most  worthy  priest ;  and  his  sympathy 
and  (counsel,  with  that  of  Bishop  Carroll,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Matig- 
non,  and  other  distinguished  clergymen,  of  whom  it  was  re- 
marked that  "their  appearance,  their  deportment,  their 
learning,  are  acknowledged,  almost  with  enthusiasm,  by 
most  of  the  Protestants  themselves,"  was  a  powerful  sup- 
port to  her  under  the  new  trials  she  was  now  called  upon  to 
endure,  in  the  coldness,  or  rather  opposition,  of  many  of 
her  former  friends. 

At  that  time  it  was  considered  a  degradation  to  embrace 
the  Catholic  Faith,  and  the  estrangement  of  her  family  on 
090 


T 


MOrUKR  EUZAnETH  aXV  SETOX 


COl 


•loX. 

'rlini  optnn  a 
'OP    ('((/roll— 

'.    V    DiihnillfJ 

tore  -Lilural- 

Tlh'  "Sisdra 

^I'ltlix  ValUif. 

lioust'cl  within 
unconsciously 
s  she  had  lieeii 
rt'joice  in  tho 
'  entcicil ;  not 
ot  bo  ri'inovcd. 
inform  Father 
aiihnl  lier  <'<>» 
t?(l  down  with 
nsition  to  lile, 

rained  a  corre- 
[  Ins  sympathy 
lev.  Dr.  Matig- 
diom  it  was  re- 
)ortment,  their 
enthusiasm,  by 
powerful  snp- 
'  called  upon  to 
jn,  of  many  of 

ion  to  embrace 
:  her  family  on 


this  account  left  Mr".  Scton  to  moot  almost  alono  the  exi- 
gencies in  whidi  the  embarrassed  state  of  her  husband's 
alTairs  at  tho  time  of  his  ileath  had  involved  her.     Had  she 
rt^mained  a  Protcsstant,  all  due  assistan<'e  would  have  been 
given,  and  a  large  fortune  might  liave  been  hers;  but  now, 
,.xi;ept  for  the  muiiilii-eut  aid  ot  .Mr.  Filicchi,  she  was  h-ft 
(h'pendent  on  her  own  exertions.     Nothing  that  tho  most 
genenuis  friendshiit  could  prompt  was  wanting  on  the  part 
of  ihis  nobh}  man.     lb'  would  gladly  have  provided  a  house 
for  her  in  Italy  ;  and  his  agt-nls  in  Xew  York  were  con- 
stantly directed   to  supply  her  witli  whatever  money  she 
might  call  on  them  for;  and  her  two  sons,  one  nine  and  the 
other  seven  years  old,  were  placed  by  him  for  education  in 
Georgetown  College.     "To  relieve  her  wants,"  he  toUl  lier, 
•' wa^the  pride  of  his  .soal,  and  his  best  passport  for  his  last 

journey." 

Mrs.  Seton,  however,  was  very  properly  anxious  ^o  exert 

herself  for  the  beiielit  of  her  young  family  ;  and  hIk!  therefore 

op'ued  a  boarding-housi'  for  some  of  the  lH)yswli()  i.ttended 

a  sdiool  in  the  city.     Even  in  this  change  she  found  tho 

hi'diest  consolation,  knowing  that  it  was  brought  about  by 

h.u-  obedience    to   the  will  of  God;   and,  after  attending 

l^lass,  she  went  through  her  round  of  daily  duties  with  the 

greatest  cheerfulness  and    satisfaction.     She  still  kept  up 

?lie  practice  of  conunitting  to  paper  the  secrets  of  her  heart ; 

and  it  is  diflicult  to  select  from  this  treasury  of  dev(.tion 

one  passage  more  worthy  than  another  of  shad(.wing  .'orth 

this  pure,  and  humble,  and   loving  heart.     Her  constant 

l)rayer  at  this   time  is,   that   the   love  of    God   nuiy  be 

supreme  within  her. 

"Imagining  the  corrupted  heart  in  Thy  hand,  it  begged 
Thee  wiTh  alfits  strength  to  cut,  pare,  and  remove  fron  it 
(whatever  anguish  it  must  undergo)  whatever  preven  ed 
the  entrance  of  Thv  love.  Again  it  repeats  the  supplica- 
tion, and  begs  it  as  Thy  greatest  mercy  ;  cut  to  the  center, 
tear'  up  every  root,  let  it  bleed,  let  ir  sufter  anything, 
everything,  only  fit  it  for  Thyself,  place  only  Thy  love 
there,  and  let  humility  keep  sentinel ;  and  what  shall  1 


002 


MoriiKii  r.i.r/.Mityni  ass  nt:Tos. 


f.-ar!  WImf  Is  pain.  Hc.irow,  poverty,  ivproiK'li  i  HK'.sscd 
i/.ni:  tiM-y  nil  wpiv  (Mkm;  Thy  imiiat.'N,  Thy  clio.srii  com- 
paiilotis;  aiKl  (Mil  I  n'j«'«'t  tht-in  as  crn'Miios,  atul  lly  I'kmii 
rh<'  friciKis  You  sciul  to  l»ri!iK  i»"  ''•  ^'""'  l<i»^"'"'"' • " 
Kv.'H  ill  th.'  midsl  (. I"  th.' p«'"y  <■""'♦  "l"'"  ''*'^'  >'•'•''"'"" 
whi.'h  w.M-.' now  iiici'ssaur,  thisi.iu'  ich-a  was  »«v«'r  pifst-nf 
within,  "Who  can  l»in<l  fhn  soul  whi.'h  (Joil  s<'ts  fvw'.  It 
Bpninir  to  Mini  lilty  tim.'s  an  honr  Scam-ly  an  hour 
without  hrini,'  tuni.-d  to  llim;whih'  th.>  yolro  and  t-yt-s 
wiTt'  answcriui;  down  hch.'W,  swi'ct !  sw»'ft!" 

On  th('i?(5thol'  May,  ISi»i{,  Mrs.  St-ton  was  coulirnuHl  by 
JUshop  Carroll    in   St    Pftor's   (Miuirh,  New    Y(uU :    and 
soon  after  thispvont  six?  was  <'all(«d  upon  t(.  part  from  her 
invaluable   fri.'ud,  Mr  A    Filicchi,  wIk.   was    rt'turnini'  to 
liis  native  ("oiintry      No  words  can   express  all   tliat  Mrs 
Sctou  owed  to  this  j,'«'ntlenian,  who  luid  left  his  own  Taniily 
to  acconiiKiny  lier  homo   in   lier   bcrcavenuMit ;  who   liad 
placed  ..t  her  disposal  his  means,  his  tinu',  and  his  unfailing' 
sympathy;  who   had  laboured  nuceasinjj;ly  to  brinj:   her 
within  the  fold  of  the  triu! Church,  and  under  the  bright 
example  of  whose  Christian  piety  and  charity  she  had  lirst. 
learned  to  seek  after  this  siuvin*,'  refu^-e.     Mrs   Set(»n  al 
ways  called  him  luotlnr:  and  no  brother    could  liave  been 
nearer  and  dearer  to  a  sister's  heart  than  he  was  to  hers 

Nor  was  it  witliout  deep  feeling  that  lie  too  could. bid 
farewell  to  one  to  whom  Ik^  had  been  so  eminently  useful. 
We  read  that  he  considered  "the  inten-st  which  he  Imd 
taken  in  the  welfare  of  her  and  h«'r  family  as  tin?  secret  of 
the  many  favors  ho  had  received  from  Heaven  "  When 
on  his  way  lu)me,  being  in-ovidentially  rescued  from  very 
imminent  danger  "on  the  dreadful  summit  of  ^fount 
Cenis,"  he  thus  writes  to  Mrs  Set(m-  '  It  was  (m  Mtmday 
night,  theHthof  Pecomber,  the  day  of  the  festival  of  our 
Blessed  Lady's  Conception.  Early  in  that  morning,  they 
(the  other  passengers  in  the  dnirfrncc)  had  all  laughed  at 
my  going  to  Afas : ,  but  tear  drew  afterwards  from  their 
lips,  against  their  will,  the  awful  acknowledgment  of 
their  forsaken  i^rinciples  of  religion. 


MoTinm  Ki.r/.MiF.Tii  ass  sktos. 


fiO:i 


li(».H«'ii  eoiii- 
nd  lly  I'kmii 
kin;,'! loin  '.' 
.'  iinciilioti 
»v«,'r  i»i<'H('iit 

3t«f«t't';       It 

'ly  an  hour 
'0  and  t'y«'s 

)n(U'nu'd  Ity 
York :  and 
ii't  from  lici' 
ret  urn  in!.'  l<» 
1  rliat  Mrs 
own  Tainily 
t ;  who  had 
Ins  unfailing 
)  l)rin^'  her 
r  the  Iniyhf 
she  liad  lirst 
I'M  Set  oil  al 
d  liuvc  been 

IS  to  h(M'.S 

)o  could. bid 
I'ufly  useful, 
licli  \\v  luid 
tho  secret  of 
en "  Wlien 
d  from  very 
,  of  Mount 
s  on  Monday 
Htival  of  oui 
lorning,  they 
I  laughed  at 
^  from  their 
'ledgment  of 


**T  h»okc<l  iniin<  diatcly  in  you  as  my  prlnciial  int»rccH- 
sor;  and  you  niust  havi»had  cerfaird)  a  jxrcat  share  in  my 
deliverance.  What  wonder,  then,  In  my  readiness  to  bn 
f^erviceable  to  you  '.  'riiruimh  your  '^iuu\  evMuiple  they  llixl 
me  now  a  better Cliristian  than  I  was,  ami  through  yon  my 
mercantile  coiici'rus  are  blessed  by  (Jo(l  with  an  uninti'r- 
riipteil  success,  I  shall  not,  therefore,  li)e  so  foolish  as  to 
desert  youi'  <'ause.  Pray  only  our  Divine  H'Mleeiner  to  ex- 
tend llis  nt>rcy  towurtU  me  for  the  most  important  wellarts 
In  our  next  life.  If  I  h  ivo  b  ^im  happy  enough  to  be  tho 
Instriwnent  of  IntroduciiiK  y<ni  to  the  gates  of  the  true 
Chur<h  of  Christ  here  below,  keep  me  fast  by  you  \\lien 
calle<l  upstairs;  we  must  enter  togetln  r  into  heaven. 
Amen." 

There  was  one  amongst  Mrs.  Seton'«  near  connections 
who  by  no  means  shai'ed  in  tlie  general  feeling  of  hostility 
with  which  siie  was  now  regarded.  'I'lii'i  was  Miss  ('e(  ilia 
Seton,  her  youngest  Hlster-iu  law.  I'lK.er  fourteen  xeiirs 
of  age,  beautiful,  devout,  and  nu)st  wirnily  attached  to 
her  i)roscrU)ed  relative,  .Mrs.  Seton  cherished  the  earnest 
Jinpe  that  this  sister  might  one  day  be  partaker  of  the  true 
faith,  and  availed  herself  ol  the  freipient  .>pportunities  af- 
foidi'd  by  asevere  illness  to  bring  the  subject  before  her 

young  i)atient. 

When  raised  from  her  sick-bed.  ^fis-  '^  Seton  devoted 
herself  unhesitatingly  to  \hu\  out  tluf  truth,  and  linally  re- 
.solved,  in  .spit((  of  the  nutst  furious  opposition,  (m  becoming 
a  Catholic.  It  was  in  vain  tlmt  every  nu-ans  were  em- 
ployed that  bigotry  and  misguided  /e-d  could  suggest.  She 
was  threatened  with  all  s(Uts  of  possible  and  impossible 
evils,  and  even  kept  in  close  confmenjent  for  several  days; 
but  the  grace  of  (Jod  carried  her  unwavering  through  every 
oppf)sition,  and  she  was  received  into  the  Church,  June 
'Joth,  18(10 

The  immediate  consequences  of  this  step  were  the  young 
lady  s  dismissal  from  home  without  the  least  provision, 
and  a  positive  prohibition  to  enter  the  houses  of  any  of  her 
lelations,  or  to  associate  with  their  fanulies.     The  youngest 


UJ4 


MowHii  t:i.r/.MU':rii  .t.v.v  sKToy. 


Mini  IilrlM'ifn  tlu'  f.uoiif**  tit  IwiMif,  tlih  Was  ti  scvoro  fiinl  to 
the  ydHthfiil  iiMviit';  Imt  sho  was  wrlcuiiud  iis  ii  jrjft  imm 
Mud  by  Mis.  SetotJ,  uln»  gladly  otTf-n  d  lnr  a  litiinc. 

TIiIh,  iKuve.'ur,  was  tli«  nt<*as{iin  of  ii-iicwt'd  iH'iMfciifloiiH 
towards  Mis  St'tou  ,  and  many  win-  had  IdtlMitu  Ucpt  ii|» 
HoiiiH  (lu'ward  rt'scmblaiirc  «if  ('(tin  (f.sy.  n(»w  fnilailf  (heir 
clilldr'n  Id  hoM  tliif  MliKiiJcNt  itilcKdiiix'  with  \m\  Kvcii 
thi»  l*r«»i»'.staiit  Hisliop  M<«ut>  and  Mr.  Iloluiit,  her  foinicr 
friends  and  pa.sbns,  took  flic  Manic  hn.s?il(?  part,  and  warned 
all  wli(>  liad  liitht-rto  aided  Iter  in  lier  estal)li'*linient  lo 
avoid  luiviiiK  anytliiii;^' to  d'»  with  ho  danp'i'<nis  a  person. 
In  consejpienco  of  this  state  (»f  tilings,  lier  eircnnistances  in 
a  worldly  point  of  vi(nv  heeunm  ni(»st  .serhtiisly  conipicanlsed; 
yet  still  her  Hoiil  ii'tained  its  jteaee.  :nid  her  iiiiiid  dwelt 
rather  on  the  consolatlonM  received  I'roiii  Catholic  friends 
than  the  injuries  inllicted  by  olhers. 

''Upon  my  word,  '  hIii  writiH  pleasantly  to  llv.  A.  Fi- 
Jlcchi,  "it  is  very  pleasant  to  have  the  name  (»f  Iwinu:  per- 
scented,  and  yet  enj(»y  the  su^'cle^t  favors;  to  be  p-xir  and 
wrelehed,  and  yet  l)>M'ich  and  hai)py;  nc'j:lccte(l  and  for- 
saken, yet  chcrislieil  and  tenderly  induljxcd  by  ({od'.s  most 
favored  servants  and  friends  If  now  your  sister  did  iidt 
wear  her  most  cheerful  and  contented  countenance,  .she 
would  be  indeed  a  liypocriie.  '  Hejolce  in  thu  Lord  always.' 
Itejoice,  rejoice." 

Jiivin^'  nnder  the  same  roof  v  Ifli  her  exemplary  sister-in- 
law.  Miss  Cecelia  Seton  followed  closely  in  her  footstejis, 
and  Ix'came  day  by  day  a  ))ri;,diter  and  jiurer  witness  of  tim 
beauty  of  that  faith  she  liad  embraced.  S()  remarkably 
was  this  the  case,  that  she  sfum  won  back  the  ;dTection 
of  some  who  liail  turned  from  her  in  such  blind  prejudice. 
For,  meetin;.'  with  some  c»f  her  relations  at  the  deathbed  of 
u  mutual  friend,  they  were  sodeejilv  t(»iu'lied  by  the  sweet- 
ness  and  piety  of  tlie  young  convert,  that  they  invited  her 
to  retnrL  amonj;st  them. 

Mrs.  S(^ton,howev(>r— certainly  froin  no  deficiency  on  her 
own  pai  ,  but  perhaps  as  being  considered  a  more  danger- 
ous character— was  not  permitted  to  regain  the  favor  she 


•«k 


i>ro  fiiiil  to 
I  ^irt  I'inm 
lilt*. 

I'lst-nitloiiH 
fii  Ut'pt  u|) 
•Imli'  ilu'ir 
)it'r.  Kv«Mi 
licr  fornntr 

Mill  Will'IK'd 
isllllM'tlt     t(» 

a   iKM'son. 

UHfMIH'CM  ill 

n])i'(tinisc(|; 
iiiixi  dwelt 
(lie  frii'iab 

>rr.  A.  PI. 

)('  p'Kir  iiiid 
'd  and  (ov- 
lod'M  moNt 
ti-r  did  imt 
'Hiiiicc,  sluf 
rd  always.' 

ry  sistPi-in- 

•     f()(>tst»'JIH, 

[IICSS  of  llio 

rcmarkalily 

i(»  afr«'('fioii 

prt'jiidirc. 

Icatldifd  of 

'  tlh'  SWC't- 

in\  itt'd  ht'i' 

'iicy  on  her 

•re  danji'^T- 

favor  she 


SinriirM  Kl.lXAIiKTU  ASS  KKTO.Y,  $g$ 

liad  ItiNt,     But,  oxn'pt  NO  fur  as  worldly  circumsfamTH  wiTo 
*'onrt'rii«'d    \vld«li  in    th«iiiw'lvi«  «fT«'<'f«tl  her    not     thi.' 
was  of  nttl»'iiiom«'nt  to  JM-r  ;  for  sho  wan  now  lncrra«*ingly 
fK'j'Upit'tl  with    h»'r  rhlldr«'U,  \Uio  hud    Imm'Ii,  of   (Mtuisi-,  ii» 
rcivi'd  Willi  ln-r  into  fli<'  Chnrrh  ;  and  w«»  ar«»  told,  "notli' 
inn  «iii,  Nurp  i>*M  thv  adniirahli'  tart  with  which  Mrn.  Setou 
conciliatt'tl  thflr  warm  alTi'ctlon,  and  diift't«'d  her  inllui'int* 
ovor  thrni  to  tln'^dory  of  (Joil  and  tlu-ir  personal   handill 
ration."      The  following:  little  letter,  written    to  her    eldeNf, 
dan^diter,  then  ten  yeur^  oUI,  in  a  pleasing'  Npeeinieii  of  her 
ulTectionate  air«»  fi»r  the  best  IntiMestM  of  her  dear  <*liildien  : 
'•My  Daui.ino  n.vntirri'.it,     Y(HI  nmnt  iioi  he  nnea«yar, 
not  seeing  »'•'  «'ither  yesteiday  or  today.  Tomorrow  f  hojH^ 
to  hold  yon  to  my  heart,  w  hieh  \nu\H  for  yon    ineesfantly. 
that  (iod  may  give    (nigraee  to  um  well  the  preeions  honrs 
of  thin  week'     And  1  repeat,  yon  have  It  in  your  power  to 
nuik<>  n>e  the   liajipiest   of  niothern,  and  to  he   nty  sW('<  t 
comfort  through  every  sorrow,  or  to  oceaHion  the   heaviest 
atlliction   t(»  n»y  poor  soul   that   it  can   meet  with  in   this 
world.     And  ns  your  example  will  havo  the  greatej^t   Inlln- 
anve  <m  your  dear  little  sister,'*  also,  and  you  do  not  know 
h(»w  w)i»n  y(Mi  may  he  in  the  ]»lace  of  their  mofher  to  them, 
youi-  doing  your  duty  faithfidly  is  of  tlie  greatest   conse- 
quence, he.sideH  wliat  you  owe  to  <{od  and  your  own   ^o^d. 
Pray  Him,  Kui)plicate   Him,  to  make  y<m  His  own.     TJe- 
niend>er  that  Mr.  Hurley  is  now  in  the  place  of  (iodto  you. 
Heceiv*'  his  instructicms  as  from  heaven  ;  i\h  no  donht  your 
dear  Saviour  has  appointed  them  at*  the  means  of  hringiu;? 

you  tin 're." 

Hesidt'H  ])lacing  hpr  two  sons  in  Georgetown  College  with 
the  hope  (  f  their  going  ultimately  to  that  of  Montreal.  Mr. 
Antlnmy  Filic<'hi  had  enrourag*'d  \iV».  Seton  to  hope  that 
she  and  her  daughters  might  he  adnni  ted  to  a  <'(mvent  in 
the  same  i)liHe,  where  her  children  would  he  trained  care- 
fully in  the  principles  of  the  faith,  and  .she  hei self  employ 
her"  talents  as  a  teacher.  This  was  a  prospect,  on  the 
thoughts  of  which  ^Irs.  Seton  loved  to  indidge  ;  but  it  wra:i 
brought  about  much  sooner  than  she  expected,  by  her  in- 


OM  MnriiKu  Hi.txMirrii  i.v.v  sntox 

Ir.Hliu'flon  fnth.'H.'V,  NVIIIInm  \.  l>iilM.ur;f.  IVnlih'tit  niul 
K.Hm.l'T  of  St,  Miiiy's  rulli'i:.- ill  Hiiliiiiini.'. 

Km'Ii  lii'foin  lit'  Imthiiii'  iMtiniiiiiltMl  ullli  Ml*"*.  Si'foii,  hi» 
wiiH  Htiiii'U  l»y  Im'I-  miiiNiinl  U'wov  of  ai-vntloii  <Imi1iik  iiiiih'. 
riil.'llfiil  vhll'tu  NfW  Y«»lk.  vvli.'iv  ||.>  •••.|.'l.iiir.'«|  Mimh  ;  timl 
.ifl.'iwiiKh.  l.-aiiiiiiK  li«'i- v^i^li  t.M'iit.r  NMiiif  .nuv.'ntiiiil  i-N- 
til.lislilli.'llf  with  llt'l-  rliil.livli.  Ih'  I  ll<l<'MVn|V(l  fu  flllll  lnT 
l||ull;;llt^  fiom    r'lllllMllI,   unci     llHllM't'  ImT    (m    ivillillll    ill     tllO 

liilttMl  Stiit.'s  with  th«'  NuiiH'  liit«iirl«»n.  "Coiik'  t(.  w*,  Mr*. 
Hi't.in.  '  w.-r.'  Iiis  \v(.itls;  "  u.-  will  ii-^slHt  you  in  |.»rtiiinK  ii 
liliiii  /if  llf.'  wliifh,  wliih'  it  will  f<'i\Minl  your  \h'\\s  ..f  «on- 
tril>uiiu«  toll"'  ^^iippoit  «.r  your  «lill<lirii.  will  f»h<-lt.'i'  flu'in 
from  tlu'  dunKt'i'H  to  whh'h  llu-y  iiiv  t'xi>o?<«'(l  niiioiijx  tlu'lr 
I'rotMStant  romu'ctinns.  mid  iiInu  iiITokI  y<>u  miuh  morn 
<'.iiiHolnfloii  in  tlif  «'x.'iriM<.  of  your  fiiiiii  tliiiii  y(«u  li!i\»'  yt't 
riijoyt'd.  Wo  iiho  wish  to  foriii  n  niuuII  mcIiooI,  for  tlu' pro- 
motion of  ivUkIous  iustriK'tioti.  for  tho.siM-lilldi.u  wIioho 
jmri'nts  uif  int«'r«»Nt»'il  in  tliiit  jioinf." 

"You  nuiy  he  sur«',"  .says  Mrs,  Scton.  "I  oltjwtcd  only 
want  of  tiil.nts;  to  which  hu  rrplird,  '  Wo  want  t'xaini.h' 
nioi«'  tlian  t:ih'nts.'  "  Fatlior  Diibouijx,  who  was  n  man  of 
Mlii^uliir  t'nt«'rpris<'  and  ix'tu'tnif  Ion,  had  iiiinu'diatrly  r*vvn 
thai  Mrs.  S.-ton  was  raiial>l<>  of  stTvitifr  th,.  cnuso  of  iv- 
li^ion  in  no  ordinary  tlpgivc;  and  tliou^dilu'rown  huiul»I«'  es- 
tiniat.'  tif  litrs.'lf  luadf  ht-r  wonder  at  tin- jirosiM-ct  (»iu'iiins 
befort!  lu»r,  ynt  it  was  so  c.uiucnial  to  her  hiKli<"*t  wi^hfH, 
aiwl  olTercdso  many  advantap's  for  her  hdovrd  rhildn'n 
(for  Father  Dubour;,'  had  proposed  receiving'  her  two  sons, 
free  of  expense,  within  St.  Mary's  College*,  tluit  slie  did 
not  hesltatrt  to  lay  th)  matt«»r  nt  onro  before  Uisliop  Car- 
roll, Dr.  Matiu^ion,  and  Father  Choveras,  n»  friends  and 
counselors  wltliout  whr)se  advice  sbe  dared  not  act.  Tliey 
were  unanimously  in  favor  of  the  scheme,  and  T)r.  Matig- 
non  said,  almost  in  the  spirit  of  jtrophecy,  when  alluding 
to  her  former  idea  of  poin>r  to  Canada,  "  Von  orc^  ihs- 
tined,  I  thinh\Jor  somi'  ijrcdf  ijixxl  III  Ihc  J-nU>d  Sfafrx, 
and  here  you  should  remain  in  preference  to  any  other  lo- 
cation." 


i-cHidi'tit  mill 

pM.  S«'fon,  h«« 
lining  III!  ii<*< 

I  Mii>«H ;  mill 

i||\f|ttlllll  *'H' 

to  Mini  ll*T 
llillll  III  tlio 
I'  to  lis.  MlH. 
In  loiiniiiK  It 

U'WH  of  <'«lt|- 
slultff  tlHMII 

miioiiK  tlu-it' 
mtifli  m«»rn 
,1111  lia\t'  y«'t 
,  f<»i'  tlit'id'o. 
Mini    wlioMO 

l»j('('ti'(l  only 
lilt  t'xmnplo 
aiH  ji  mnii  <>f 
'dintcly  sci'ii 
cmi^r  of  IV- 

II  liimilili'  vH' 
|ii'('t  opt'iiing 
^licst  wishes, 
/(•(I  rliildrcn 

KM'  two    SOllM, 

[lint  Hlie  did 
UImIio])  Cm- 
frjt'iulH  mid 
)t  net.  Tlu-y 
1  Dr.  Miiti<(- 
lien  alluding 
'on  ft  re  ties- 
lift  (I  fffafc/t, 
any  otber  lo- 


MnTtn.ii  Ki.ix.\nh:rit  .i.v.v  sktox. 


ro7 


Otln'r«in'iiniHtiinrf»«*nf  fliU  tlim' <onfi!luit»'d  to  dfirriiilii" 

Mis.  Si'toli    toi'lltiT   upon    this  ii.w  spii.'l*'    of  iiction;   sImi 

roiildiiot  mili/f  ••iioiikIi  f»»r  iIim  niiilnti«nun »f  liri-  faniily 

froi.i  till'  hoiiidln«  Inns*'  mIu»  hud  iindt'ifiik»'!i.  nor  wiis  thn 
i.ocj.'ly  of  tlu'l.ovs  lit  ill!  lM«n«'llfiid  to  h.r  own  rhlldnti. 
Hit  riotfstiint  fiifiids  nUo  iij^hly  iippiov.l  of  iIm-  Hidil 
niofc  siIk'Iiu',  <»l»s«'ivlnK  tliiit  le  wuh  mi  •'■<«'«*lh'nt  i>r«.j«'<'t. 
Imtuusi.  '"Ih'I'  i>iinripl«'s  •  .\<lud»'d  ht-r  fn  ni  the  «-onlUl«'ni'u 
of  th.' luh.d.ltmits  of  N.'w  York."  Mrs.  ^.•ton  tli.  i.f..ri< 
ivs,,|\..d  on  l.'jivinu  li«i'  tmtlv«'  «'ity  ;  mid  li«r  .sisi.-r  in  liiw, 
Mi««s  ('.  Sftoii,  di'tmuiiK-d  oi;  iu'i'onipmiylnKli«'r. 

Kiithi-r  Diihouru'M  pimi  was  that  tln-y  wlioiiM  takt*  ii  i«u>.dl 
lioiiso,  wIm'I'.',  with  li  r  own  faiuily  !in<l  a  f<MV  honr-liTs,  sl;a 
ini;iht,  Ih-kIii  iIh'  «nrk  of  ^rn.'ia)  <"lii( atioii  "in  suhsi'i-vi 
.Min*  to  pious  instruction  •."■  with  th.<  hop*'  that  in  llnif,  if 
ir  was  (fo.rrt  will  t>»  prosper  tin*  iindtTtuklnM  and  kIvu  Im  r 
und  hi-r  conipiuion  "a  ivlisli  for  tlu-lr  fun.'tloiis,'  it 
nilKht  ho  gradually  coiis.dhhit.'d  into  a  p.  rnian.'iit  instil u 

tlon. 

On  thcSMli  of  Juno,  IHos,  Mrs.  S.'ton  «>nil)ark<'d  with  Ihm- 
thr«'0  daughters  f(U'  Baltimore;  nnd  her  two  N<»n^  Ix-iiig 
brought  from  (i.-orgetowti,  t«»  1"'  under  Katli.-r  Duliour^-;  s 
earn  at  St.  Mary's  ('oll<  ;4;e,  she  had  one.«  more  all  her  eliil 
dreii  under  her  own  immediate  Hiiperintetidenee.  This  wn.s 
no  slight  alleviation  to  the  fe.-lings  that  must  have  been 
awakened  in  her  heart  by  llmling  hern-lf  Mirust  out.  as  it 
were,  and  unregn-lted.  fnmi  her  nativ  ei;y.  ami  the  <<  ni 
paniouship  of  her  own  family  and  all  th(>  friends  of  her 
early  life.  She  was  going  ton  new  scene  nnd  sphere  of 
action,  anurngst  strangers;  and  that  society  .f  whn-h  she 
had  been  for  so  long  the  cherished  ornament,  now  .rinmphed 
over  her  departure. 

Yet  the  only  rellections  which  her  unfading  confidence 
in  God  inspired,  on  the  («ve  of  her  arrival  at  lialtlmore,  were 
expressed  in  the  following  words:  -Tomorrow  do  T  go 
among  strangers  >  No.  ila.s  an  anxious  tlmught  •  .r  fear  passed 
rnymimn  No.  Can  f  be  disappointed  ?  Xo.  Our  sweet  sac 
rifice  will  re-unito  my  soul  with  all  who  offer  it.     Doubt 


COS 


MOTIIhUt  KUZMiKTIT  AXN  SEWN. 


;ui(l  ft'iir  will  lly  from  flio  breast  iiili:il)it<Hl  by  Tlini.  Tlierfl 
ran  \\-  no  disappoiiittnont,  wlu'i'c  the  soiir.s  oaly  dt'.siro  aiul 
oxptM  tation  is  to  mei>t  His  ailored  will  and  fulfil  it." 

Mrs.  Si'tori  reaclu'd  Baltimore  mi  tlio  Ft-ast  of  Corpus 
Christi ;  and  in  ilie  scrvifos-  of  that  day,  and  tlic  airt'ct ion- 
ate  <;r  ■eriiii?  which  followed,  from  a  lai'/^e  circle  of  new 
friends  already  prepared  to  hive  her,  slio  lost  at  once  ail 
sense  of  loneliness. 

Colonel  llowar'l,  amorp;st  otheis  who  soon  after  called  to 
welcome  her  amont^st  riieni,  a  very  wealthy  man.  and  ac- 
(jnainted  witli  her  family,  pressed  lier  earnestly  to  take  up 
her  abode  in  his  own  si)acious  house  and  allow  him  to  bring 
up  her  children  with  his  own.  This  generous  proi)osal  was 
fully  apjireciated,  but  of  course  declined;  for,  as  she 
assvired  Colonel  Howard,  she  "had  not  left  the  world  for 
the  purpose  of  enteiinu;  i^  again." 

It  i.-.  scarc'l}'  ne(  i-ssary  to  say,  that  Mrs.  Setrin  had  not 
left  Xevv  Yoi'k  without  informing  the  Messrs.  Filicchi  of 
her  intendeil  p!ans.  And  as  soon  as  she  was  settled  in  her 
new  home,  and  the  design  which  Father  Dubourg  had  in 
proposing  her  removal  was  a  little  matured,  she  wrote 
again,  frankly  asking  what  amount  of  aid  she  might  hope 
to  receive  from  them,  in  the  event  of  its  being  advisable  to 
jn'ovide  by  building,  etc.,  fen- a  pernnment  institution. 

Her  generous  friend,  Antonio,  who  was  at  this  time  con- 
tributing laigely  to  her  own  siijiiiort,  responded  gladly  to 
this  new  ap])eal,  bidding  her  draw  at  once  on  his  ng(  nts 
for  one  thousand  dollars  or  more  if  needful ;  adding, 
"your  prayer.s  had  so  much  bettered  our  mei'cantile  im- 
portance here  below,  that  in  spite  of  all  the  embargoes, 
political  and  commeirial  troubles,  which  have  caused  and 
will  cause  the  utter  ruin  of  many,  we  jjossess  greatei'  means 
now  than  before,  thanks  to  God,  with  the  same  nnalteral>le 
good  will."  This  plan,  however,  was  not  destined  to  be 
carried  out ;  at  least,  not  in  the  way  wliich  was  then  con- 
templated. 

^frs.  Seton's  view  was  to  begin  by  opening  a  boardiiig- 
school  for  young  ladies,  leaving  to  time  and  the  will  of  God 


[iin.  There 
,•  (losirc  and 

it." 

of  Corpus 

10  jiirt'ctioii- 

•('U>  of  new 

iit  oiit'o  nil 

■er  ('!ill»>(l  to 
mi.  and  ac- 
'  to  tal\(>  \\\) 
liin  to  l)riii<i; 
roposal  was 
'or,  as  she 
3  world  for 

on  lind  not 
Filicchi  of 
tth'(l  ill  her 
ur^'  lind  in 
she  wrote 
mi,i:lit  hope 
id\  isable  to 
ition. 

s  time  oon- 
d  <,dadly  to 
liis  n,u(  nts 
1 ;  addin<?, 
•can tile  im- 
embar<^ocs, 
caused  and 
^atei'  means 
unalteralile 
tined  to  be 
5  then  con- 

i  boarditif;- 
will  of  God 


NOTiiEn  KiiZAnnrii  .i.v.v  suwy 


090 


that  wiiicli  she  had  already  vcM-y  earnestly  at  lieart,  the 
furmation  of  a  Hoeiety  si^'cially  <-o!iseerated  to  reIi,iiion. 
She  had  no  dilliciilty  in  obtaining'  tli.'  required  number  of 
pupils;  and  as  tlit-y  lived  literally  bfiunitii  tlu-  sliiidow  of 
th.i  Chnreh,  and  slu;  enjoy'l  i>t  f'i'^  ti""'  «^^»^'"^•'l■  i<'lip"i^ 
j.rivile'^'.'s,  and  the  fiv.iiifiit  society  of  many  distinj^uished 
clergymen,  particularly  of  IJishop  Carroll,  she  writes  in  a 
transport  of  joy  at  the  blessing  of  her  lot :  "  Kvery  morning 
at  Communion,  living  in  the  very  wounds  of  our  dearest 
j.ord,  s.viiig  (»nly  his  representatives,  and  receiving  their  . 
benedictions  coniinually." 

It  was  her  only  wish  that  her  young  sister-in-law,  Miss 
Cecilia  Seton,  would  ,jo!n  her.  Jbit  it  had  been  thought  ad- 
visable that  this  lady  should  remain  for  the  present  in  New 
York,  with  a  brother  upon  whom  she  was  entirely  depend- 
ent. Left  in  the  midst  of  those  who  had  l>eeu  so  hostile  to 
her  change  of  religion,  she  had  many  trials  to  endure;  but 
by  untiinching  lirmnt>ss,  and  the  strictest  perseverance  in 
attending  all  her  religious  duties,  she  became  daily  a  more 
fervent  Catholic,  and  cherished  the  hope  of  one  day  devot- 
ing herself  in  a  special  manner  to  the  service  of  (rod. 

Another   sister,    Harriet,  who  was  also  warmly  attached 
to   Mrs.  Seton,  had    ine::pressible   longings   to  fly  to  that 
happy  retirement  which  she   so  eloquently  painted  in  her 
h-ttei-s  from  Bait  inn. re.     This  lady  was  "  the   belle  of  New 
York,"  living  in  th;'  midst  of  fashionable  society,  engaged 
to  a  step-brother  of  Afrs.  Seton' s  (of  cour.se  a  Protestant), 
and,  on  account  of  some  preference  she  had  already  shown 
for  the  Catholic  faith,  was  closely  watched   by  her  family 
In  a  letter  to  her   sister-in-law,  she  writes   thus:  "Where 
is  it  you  could  go,  my  beloved  sister,  without  meeting  wiili 
kindness  and  alTection?    They  must,  indeed,  be  unenvia- 
ble beings,  who  Imow  you  without  loving  you.     Your  de- 
scription  is  delightful,     Every  thought,  every  hope,  flies 
towards  the  happy  spot  you  have  pictured.     Oh,  that  I  mny 
one  day  be  there,'but  not  in  my  present  state,  to  be  happy  ! 
Let  me  enjoy  the  precious  privilege  of  serving  God  in  your 
blessed  faith.     What  comfort  can  I  have  in  my  own,  when 


•TOO 


MOTlIKli  EI.IXAninil  ASX  SKTOX. 


I  know  tlu-n;  is  a  better?  "Dearost  sister,  pray  for  iiie  al- 
ways; never  for^-et  me  when  in  the  eliapel.  IJecollect,  at 
sniistjr.  I  shall  always  meet  you  at  che  foot  of  the  cross  in 
tin'  Misircrc.     What  a  sweet  remembrance  !" 

Pr(>sently  we  shall  have  to  return  to  these  ladies  ;  but  lirst 
it  is  ner'c^suy  that  w(*  sIkmiUI  relate  the  circumstances 
wkn-h  led  to  th;'  removal  <»f  Mis.  Seton  from  I'laltinnuo 
after  a  sojourn  of  only  a  few  months,  and  brouj-ht  aboi.t 
tlie  fullilhnent  of  her  pious  intentions  in  u  manner  she  her- 
s-'lf  had  never  ventured  to  hope  for. 

In  the  autumn  of  IHOS,  a  younf-'  lady,  seokin.t?  retirement 
from  the  world,  had  made  up  her  mind  for  this  purjiose  to 
p)  to  some  foreign  conventual  establishment ;  but  hearing- 
of  Mrs.  Seion's  i)lans  and  wishes,  came  gladly  to  lialti- 
more,  and  was  there  ('ITered  by  her  father  "as  a  child  whom 
he  consecrated  to  (Jod."  She  became  for  the  present  an 
assistant  in  the  school  ;  but  on  the  arrival  of  this  first  com- 
panion. Father  Babade,  then  her  si)iritual  director,  encour- 
aged Mrs.  Seton  to  discern  the  "announcement  of  an  under- 
taking which  \\ould  gradually  collect  round  her  a  nuuier- 
(ms  band  of  spiritual  daughters."  The  time  for  this  was 
indeed  already  come. 

One  morning,  after  Holy  Communion,  she  felt  an  extra- 
ordinary impulse  to  devote  herself  to  the  care  oi  poor  fe- 
malt^  chUdren,  and  to  found  for  their  benefit  some  abiding 
institution.  (Joing  at  once  to  Father  Dubourg,  she  said, 
"This  morning  in  n:y  dear  Communion.  I  thought.  Dearest 
Saviour,  if  You  wi;al!l  but  give  me  the  care  cf  poor  little 
children,  no  matter  how  poor;  and  Mr.  Cooper  being  di- 
rectly before  me  at  his  thanksgiving,  T  thought,  He  has 
money  ;  if  he  would  but  give  it  foi-  the  bringing  up  of  pool 
little  children,  to  know  and  love  You." 

Mr.  Cooper  was  a  convert,  a  student  at  St.  Mary's  for 
the  priesthood,  and  anxious  to  devote  his  property  to  the 
service  of  God.  On  hearing  :\frs.  Seton' s  words.  Father 
Dubourg  seemed  lost  in  astonishment,  and  told  her  that 
]\rr.  Cooper  had  spoken  to  him  that  very  morning  of  his 
thoughts  being  all  for  poor  children's  instruction,  and  that 


MOTiiKii  i:  J.  IX  A  mem  A.\y  skto.w. 


701 


ly  for  ino  al- 
IJccollfct,  Jlfc 
the  t-niis.s  iii 

ics  ;  l>uf  lirst 
ii'cuiiistiuict'.s 
in  lialtiiuoic 
■ought  aboi.t 
liner  she  hei- 

ig  rotii'pnicnt 

S  piU'llOSL'    to 

,  but  liciirlng 
lly  to  lialli- 
at'hUd  whom 
e  present  au 
his  first  coin- 
L'Ctor,  encoiir- 
t  of  an  uiulci'- 
her  a  nuuier- 
!  for  this  was 

[elt  an  extra- 
:'e  ot  poor  fe- 
soine  abiding 
irg,  she  said, 
light,  Dearest 
vi  po(jr  little 
)er  being  di- 
iiglit,  lie  has 
ng  up  of  pool 

it.  Mary's  for 
i'opt>rty  to  the 
v'ords,  Father 
told  her  that 
lorning  of  his 
tion,  and  that 


if  he  could  find  somebody  to  do  it,  he  would  give  his  money 
io:'  tint  piii'i)os(f ;  and  he  won  hu'ed  if  Mrs.  Sfton  would 
b' willing  to  iindt'rtake  it.  Struck  with  the  won(h'rfnl 
(■  lincidciice,  the  piicst  advised  each  to  lellt-ct  for  a  month 
iU  the  subject,  and  ac(]uaiut  hiiuwith  the  result.  During 
>liis  tinu'  there  was  no  coiuinnniciitioii  between  the  ])arties  ; 
nevertheless,  they  retiirncidat  the  ai)p(»inted  time,  oil'eiing. 
riieon(Hiis  means,  and  the  other  her  services,  for  the  re- 
lief of  (Miiist's  ])0()r. 

The  clergy  consulted  on  the  occasi(^n  c(tuld  not  but  ap- 
prove of  au  intention  so  plainly  in  the  (udering  of  (Jod., 
and  the  site  of  Hinmettsbiirg,  Maryhind.  was  fixed  upnu 
as  alfordiiig '*in'»ral  and  physical  advantages  for  a  relig- 
ious community,  being  far  from  the  city  and  in  the  midst 
of  wild  immntain  scenery." 

The  prospect  now  oiieningbeiitre  Mrs.  Seton  was  liailed 
with  delight  by  all  who  knew  her  remarkable  fitness  bir 
the  work.  Amongst  others,  her  esteeimvl  friend,  Father 
John  Louis  de  (!iievenis  writes,  almost  in  the  language  o*" 
prophecy:  "ll)w  admirable  is  Divine  Providence!  /.svr 
aIira(/>/  ninnrnms  i-hoiniof  riri/iiis'/o/hnrhir/  yon  (o  lli. 
(ilhir.  I  !^(t"i;<iiir  lidlif  oTcIo-  (fijlvfit'/i!/ if'tti/' in  f//r  f/if- 
fn-rnt  pari  a  '<>/  thr  United  Slates,  uproidinrj  rrcri/ where 
the  (jirrl,  olorof  Jesii'i  Chi'l^-,  and  tcachiu'j  hy  their  an- 
qelieal  tires  and  pious  insf  met  ions  how  to  serre  (rod  in 
pitritf/and  holiness.  I  have  no  doubt,  my  beloved  and 
ven(Mable  sister,  that  lie  who  has  begun  this  work  wi  1 
bring  it  to  perfecticm." 

The  title  of  Mother  was  already  gladly  given  everywhere 
to  Mrs.  Seton  ;  and  one  lady  after  another  came  gathering 
around  her,  in  fervor  and  humility  offering  themselves  as 
candidates  for  the  new  sisterhood.  A  conventual  habit  was 
adopted  (which  was  afterwards  changed  to  that  worn  by  the 
Sisters  of  Cliaritv),  and  under  the  title  of  "  Sisters  of  St. 
Joseph,"    a  little  band  was  organized  under  temporary 

rules. 

The  humble  soul  of  blether  Seton,  as  she  must  now  bo 
called,  was  tilled  witli  such  an  overwhelming  sense  of  the 


702 


MOTJIKli  KUZAnETII  ANN  ShTOKT. 


responHlbillty  ronirnlftod  to  lior,  fluiton  tlio  ovoniny'of  flio 
(lay  sliH  ivct'ivcd  it  us  a  cliarge  from  Ikt  sniritiial  (lirt.'C't(»rs, 
kIib  sunk  wt'»*i)in<r  bitterly  ui)(»ii  lu'V  knees;  niul  after  ifiv- 
iiifj:  way  to  her  emotions  for  some  time,  she  confessed  aloud 
before  the  sisters  who  were  present  the  most  frail  and  hu- 
niiliatinjL?  actions  ol  her  life,  from  her  childiiood  upwards, 
and  then  exclaimed  from  the  dei)ths  of  her  heart,  ''My 
gracious  (rod I  You  know  my  unlitness  for  this  task;  T, 
who  by  my  sins  h;ive  s(»  often  crucified  You:  1  blush 
with  sham(»  and  confusi  )u  !  How  can  I  teach  others,  who 
know  so  little  myself,  and  am  so  miserabio  unil  imper- 
fect i " 

Mrs.  Set: »n  bound  lierself  privately  at  tliis  time,  in  the 
presence  of  the  venerable  Bishop  Carroll,  by  the  visual 
vows,  for  a  year  ;  and  soon  afterwards  she  was  joined  by 
one  who  had  lon,i?  waited  patiently  until  the  will  of  God 
should  pormit  her  to  f<»llow  where  her  heart  had  already 
gone  before.  Afiss  C.  Seton,  falling  dangerously  id,  was 
advised  by  her  physician  to  try  a  sea  voyage  as  a  last  rem- 
tKiy,  and  thankfully  determined  to  visit  Mother  Seton.  She 
was  acc(»mpanied  by  her  sister  Harriet,  two  brothers,  and 
a  servant,  (jontraiy  to  all  e.Kpectation,  her  health  gi'adii- 
ally  began  to  improve,  and  on  reaching  Baltimore  her  at- 
tendants left  hei\  with  the  exception  of  her  sister  Harriet, 
who  stayed  to  take  care  of  her. 

The  illness  again  proving  serious,  change  of  air  was  once 
more  advised,  and  Mother  Seton  then  removed  with  the  in- 
valid to  the  site  of  her  intended  residence  at  Emmettsburg. 
Miss  II.  Seton  of  course  accompanied  them,  with  some  of 
the  community  and  Mother  Seton's  children.  As  no  habi- 
tation was  yet  ready  for  the  sisterhood,  they  were  allowed 
by  the  Ilev.  Mr.  Dubois,  President  of  Mount  St.  ]\Iary's 
College'  (to  which  Mrs.  Seton's  sons  had  already  been  re- 
moved from  Baltimore),  to  occupy  a  small  log-house  on 
the  mountain.  Here  Miss  C.  Seton  soon  recovered  some 
degree  of  health,  and  here  her  sister  was  strengthened  to 


'  At  EmmcttslHirg. 


mnnhni  kuzauetii  ass  siarox. 


t(NI 


Miini,'of  flm 
ill  directors, 
1(1  afttT  iriv- 
fe.ssHd  iiloiul 
-nil  atid  hii- 
)il  upwards, 
heart,  "iMy 
lis  task  ;  T, 
)U :  1  bliisli 
others,  who 
ami   inip«'r- 

imo,  in  the 
r  tho  visual 
s  joined  by 
v-ill  of  (iod 
lad  already 
sly  ill,  was 
<  a  last  rem- 
'Seton.  She 
I'other.s,  and 
;ilth  fti'adii- 
lore  her  af- 
ter Harriet, 

lir  was  once 
with  the  in- 
rinu'ttsburg. 
ith  some  of 
As  no  habi- 
•ere  allowed 
St.  :Mary\s 
idy  been  re- 
)f?-house  on 
►vered  some 
igthened  to 


f»av,  spite  of  all  the  persecution  whirh  she  well  knew  such 
u  step  would  enlail  fnnu  her  own  family,  and  although  she 
was  uncertain  what  ellVct  it  niiKht  liJiv«*  npon  lilm  to  whom 
nhe  was  en,u;M,sj;ed,  "It  is  done,  my  sister;  I  am  a  C.itliolic. 
The  cross  of  our  dearest  iiord  is  the  desire  of  my  soul ;  I 
will  never  rest  till  He  is  miiu'.'' 

At  the  end  of  .luly,  Mother  Seton  and  the  whole  of  her 
community,  now  ten  in  number,  besides  her  thiee  dnuuh- 
tersand  her  sister-in  law,  removed  to  the  little  faimhouse 
on  their  own  land  in  ?^r.  .Joseph's  N'alley.  which  was  to  be 
their  present  home.  It  was  much  too  small  to  l)e  considered 
anylhin,!,'  but  a  temporary  refuge,  containing  only  three  or 
four  rooms,  and  "a  little  closet  just  wide  enough  to  hold 
an  altar,"  where  iae  presence  of  the  Hlesse.l  Sacrament 
made  up  for  every  priviition  ;  and  a  more  ccmuaodioiis  and 
ample  building  was  being  prepared  at  once,  as  rapidly  as 
circumstances  would  admit. 

:Meanwhi;e,  in  accordance  with  the  institute  of  the  Sisters 
of  Charity,  with  which  this  was  intended  to  conform,  in- 
struction of  youth  and  care  of  the  sick  occupied  the  greater 
part  cf  the  Sisters'  time;  and  as  it  happened  that  a  fever 
was  just  now  breaking  o\it  in  the  neighborhood,  they  re- 
ceived many  petitions  to  come  and  tend  those  who  were 
attacked  by  it.  Full  of  zeal  and  piety,  they  cheerfully  lent 
themselves  to  this  good  work,  and  gave  the  greatest  edifi- 
cation wherever  they  went. 

They  were  very  poor,  circumstances  not  yet  allowinu-  them 
to  open  a  school ;  but  all  were  so  anxious  to  devote  t  heaisodves 
to  a  life  of  mortification  that  Mother  Seton  says,  "carrot 
cofTee,  salt  pork,  and  butternulk  seemed  too  good  a  living." 
The  expenses  of  bnilding  reduced  them  to  a  still  more  desti- 
tnte  condition  ;  iheir  bread  was  of  the  coarsest  rye,  and  for 
many  months  fchey  "did  not  know  where  the  next  meal 
would  come  from."  On  Christmas  T>ay  they  njoiced  to 
have  "some  smoked  herrings  for  dinner,  and  a  spoonful  of 
molasses  for  each."  Yet  the  most  prrfeva  cheerfulness  and 
harmony  prevailed ;  they  were  literally  all  of  one  mind. 
About  the  end  of  September,  Miss  II.  Seton  was  received 


70-1 


MOTIH-JH  EiJXMiirni  .i.v.v  sr.Tos. 


into  the  Clmrcli.  As  was  cxiMTlrtl.  a  tonvnt  ftf  rcpionclu's 
from  lioiiH'  IuI|(»\v<mI  iliis  amK-iiiicciiiciit ;  but  iiDtliiii^' roiild 
now  i>i('v»'iit  the  holy  fervor oH his  yoimj;  convert ;  mid  it-joic- 
inK  to  snll'cr  the  h)ss  of  all  tlihigs,  even,  if  iiut'd  wen-,  f  lie  lovo 
of  him  u)  whom  her  hand  was  itroniised,  she  still  jtleaded 
lor  an  extension  of  her  stay  in  St.  .loseph's  \  alley.  Here, 
while  htirsin---  her  sick  sister,  she  was  lierself  seized  witli  a 
violent  fever;  and  within  thre(>  months  of  her  conversion, 
hei-  remains  wore  carried  to  a  spot  she  had  •ni-'e  iilayl.i.'y 
cliosen  as  a  last  restin<Jt  place  in  the  silent  w(»o(ls,  and 
laid  beneath  the  tree  she  luul  pointed  oiil.  Thus.  allhoii,j,h 
the  last  called,  she  became  "thtj  llrst-friiits  of  those  who 
sleep  in  St.  .los(>pirs  Valley." 

Th(^  death-bed  of  this  pioiis  ;.nd  beanfiful  yonn^  lady 
was  never  for.iiotten  by  those  wiio  had  tlie  haiH)iiiess  to  as- 
sist at  it.  Amidst  the  most  intense  sulVerii,,s,  the  names 
of  <iod.  Heaven,  or  eternity  instantly  fixed  her  titlonlion, 
insensible  to  every  other  addn  ss.  Her  devotion  to  the 
Blessed  Sacrament  lia<l  been  remarkiible,  and  even  in  de- 
luinm  the  same  Divine  obj<'ct  absorlu'd  all  her  mind;  ln'r 
lust  sii;n  of  life  was  ail  effort  to  join  the  hymn  at  Henedic- 
lion.  It  was  impossible  for  her  best  friends  not  to  rejoice* 
that  she  was  thus  span  d  the  snlTerings  and  lemjitations 
that  would  have  assailed  her  hud  she  lived  toretnrn  to  New 
York.  Far  (liiferent,  however,  was  the  effect  of  her  death 
upon  her  relations  there ;  and  when  after  four  months  more 
her  sister  ('ecilia  was  also  laid  in  that  same  little  enclosure, 
]»lanted  with  wild  tlow(?rs,  their  indiuiiation  apainst  this 
"pest  of  .society"  knew  no  bounds,  even  in  its  ]>nblic  ex- 
l)ression.  Ihit  all  this,  as  ^Nfother  Seton  herself  observed, 
was  music  to  the  sjiirit  hopin,y;  only  to  be  conformed  to  Him 
who  was  despised  and  rejected  by  men." 

Two  months  bef<n'e  Miss  C,  Seton' s  death,  the  community 
were  established  in  their  new  dwelling;,  a  large  log-house 
two  stories  hiuh,  with  a  sanctuary,  sacristy,  and  an  apart- 
ment where  strangers  could  as.sist  at  Mass,  facing  one  end 
of  the  sanctuary.  Th(»  choir  where  the  community  heard 
Mas.s,  etc.,  was  in  front  of  the  altar.     So  poor  was  the  altar, 


MOTiiF.n  i:i.i'/.\ni:TiT  .i.v.v  wro.v 


705 


'  roni'onclu's 
thin;:,'  roiiid 
;  mid  r»'j(»i('- 
iTc,  \\\y'  l«»vo 
till  i)Ifii(l»'(l 
Icy.  Jlcif, 
•i/t'(l  with  11 
(r«)nvt'i'si()n, 

('  ItlilVl.i.'v 
\V(t()(ls,  Mild 
M,  illtllnl|j,'li 

!  those  wJiu 

yoiiiifj;  liidy 
)iiit'.s.s  to  as- 
,  the  iianu's 
r  Utloniioii, 
tioii  to  tlie 
t'vt'ii  ill  dt'- 
•  mind  ;  h«'r 
at  Mcni'dic- 
)t  to  ivjiiict* 
tein])tatioii.s 
tM.i-n  to  New 
)t'  lier  death 
loiiths  more 
e  enclosiii'i', 
ifiaiiist  this 
<  l»ul)li('  ex- 
If  obsiTved, 
•ined  to  Hi  III 

coniinuTiity 
;e  ]o<;-lu)uso 
id  an  a]iait- 
inc;  one  end 
unity  lieavd 
as  the  altar, 


tlmt  itH  chief  ornainciils  were  a  fiaincd  ])oi{i'aif  ni"  our 
dear  JJcdceiiicr,  which  Mother  Setoii  liad  liionjiht  with  her 
lioni  Mew  York.  Jier  own  little  silver  caiidh'stiekH,  soino 
wild  lailiv',  paper  Ihtweis,  etc. 

After  ]tl!iciiix  theni.selve.s  xoleinnly  under  the  patrona^'eof 
St.  .Joseph,  the  sis(erli«H)d  coiiimenced  their  labors  on  a 
much  mole  <'xtensiv<'  scale.  They  iwiw  ojieiicd  a  day  and 
Itoardin;^' school,  and  in  May,  IHK),  Mother  Seton  thns 
jilliides  to  the  condition  of  the  lioiise;  "You  know  the 
enemy  of  all  j'ood-will  ol'  course  makes  his  endeavors  to 
<lestroy  it ;  but  it  seem;-*  our  Adored  is  deteiniined  on  its 
full  siici'ess,  by  the  excellent  subjec-ts  He  has  ]ila<'ed  in  it. 
\Vi'  are  now  twelve  and  as  many  5i>;ain  are  waitiiij,^  f))r 
admission.  I  have  n  very,  very  large  school  to  superinti-nd 
every  <hiy,  and  the  entire  charjic  of  the  leligions  instruction 
of  all  the  country  round.  All  ajtply  to  the  Sisters  of  Char- 
ity, who  are  ni^ht  and  day  devoted  to  the  sick  and  the 
ignorant.  Our  blc-ssed  IVishop  intends  removir  *,  detach- 
ment of  us  to  lialtlniore,  to  i)erforin  the  same  (  li's  there. 
We  liave  a  very  good  house,  though  a  h)g  biiih  i  •• ;  and  it 
will  be  the  mother-house  and  retr<'at  in  all  cases,  as  a  jtor- 
tion  of  the  sisterhood  will  always  remain  it,  to  kc'ej)  tiie 
sjiinning,  weaving,  knitting,  and  school  f(n-  country  people, 
regularly  progressing." 

The  income  derived  from  thi;  school  and  donations  from 
friends  now  kept  the  house  free  from  embarrassment,  and 
in  any  case  of  emergency  the  generosity  of  the  brothers 
Filicchi  was  unfailing.  The  following  extract  fiom  ii  letter 
of  Mother  Seton's  cm  an  occasicm  of  this  kind,  and  the  an- 
swer she  received,  will  show  the  spirit  of  frankness  and 
Christian  cent'  lenoe  which  prevailed  between  them  :  "Does 
it  hurt  you  that  I  press  so  hard  or.  yon.  and  make  no  fur- 
ther application  to  my  friends  in  New  York  <  Consider, 
how  can  I  apply  to  them  for  means  which  ivould  go  to  the 
siipportonly  of  a  religion  and  institution  they  abhor:  while 
what  is  taken  from  yon  is  iJiomoting  your  greatest  happi- 
ness in  this  world,  and  bringing  you  nearer  and  nenirr  to 
the  Adored  in  the  next.     But  again  let  me  repeat,  if  I  have 


706 


mrirrn  t:i.iz.\nF.rn  .i.v.v  sktos: 


\HAw  too  fjif,  sJoptiH'slioit  foicvi-r.  If  ynn  liful  It  iH'cpssniy, 
witlicHit  fMir  f»r  Hi.'  ItMMt  Wdiiiuho  tin' hoiiI  yoiilovf;  which 
iLM't'iws  all  froiii  your  luiiKis  as  from  that  <>f  <»iir  liOid,  and 
uhfiit'vt'i'  they  may  Ih-  clusfd.  will  know  tlnit  it  is  Il«'  wiio 
shuts  liirm.  who  nw>s  all  for  His  own  jih.ry  as  He  plrascs. 
"  1  do  not  wrir.'  to  I'iiilip  now,  as  this  letter  will  Hcrvu  to 
nay  all  to  holh,  I'xct'pt  t'i«'  ffivcniy  and  al'achnu'nt  of  my 
very  Houl  to  yon  both  in  Christ.  May  lie  l>ii  hh'ssod  and 
l)ru'iHi'd  forrvt-r.  How  great  that  at(a<  lunent  is,  and  with 
how  much  reason,  ran  only  Iw  known  l»y  ono  who  f)nce  was 
what  I  have  been,  and  can  coneelve  what  the  contrast  of 
past  and  present  is.  This  is  ui\derstood  by  llim  abov«' who 
gave  you  tome  and  ns  to  yon.  for  which.  1  trust,  we  will 
h)ve,  jn-aise,  and  ad.. re  thri.ugh  eternity."  "Chase  your 
(Umdeneeuway,""  replies  Mr.  A.  Filicchi ;  '•Mi)eak  to  your 
l)rother  the  wants  of  a  sister,  and  trust  in  llim  who  knows 
how  to  <-lolh  •  and  feed  the  birds  of  the  air,  and  dulhea  the 
grass  of  the  earth  with  brighli.eas." 


it  jipri'SMniy, 

II  lovi' ;  w  liirh 
till'  lidtd,  iunl 

it  is  Il«'  wild 
IS  Ifc  plrascM. 
r  will  nerve  to 
Imu'iit  of  my 
)  Mrsscd  iind 
\  is,  and  witli 
wli(»  once  was 
««  contrast  of 
ini  above  wlio 
trust,  we  will 
'I'liaHe  your 
peak  to  your 

III  who  knows 
id  clolhca  the 


r  IT  A  P  T  K  H  V. 
TTIK  m;w  i{i;i,njiot  h  hocikty. 

Jttihaadoptnl  MoIIh r  Sidtn' n  thimjhlir  Anna  ~//t  r  nnniif 
riiiiUH—llrr  lUitlh  \  Mitthrr's  /mrs  T/n  f/tntr/nff 
rnininnnihi  MdHiw  Sifo/t.  f/.v  n  futr/tn'  llir  thhst  tttiii, 
-Mr.  /'.  Fi/irr/ti's  dndh. 

Til  IHll,  iiieasnres  were  taken  for  procuring  fioni  Franeo 
a  copy  of  tlie  re^qilatioMs  in  list!  anion,yst  the  "  haujiliters 
of  Charity,"  fountled  by  St.  N'inceiit  <»f  I'aul,  ns  It  was  In- 
tended that  M(»ther  Seton's  coniiniinity  should  model  itself 
upon  the  same  basis.  It  l)ecaine  tiecessarv,  however,  to  in- 
troduct!  some  nKtdilicatioii  (»f  the  i  des,  as  it  was  thoiifjht 
expedient  that,  at  least  for  th»»  present,  the  sisti-rs  should 
be  occupied  in  the  instruction  of  the  yoiin^^ ;  and  moreover, 
it  was  feared  that  Mother  Seton's  pej-uliar  position  as  the 
sole  guardian  of  live  youui;  children,  mi^ht  prove  a  hin- 
derance  to  her  bein;^^  bound  iternianently  as  tin;  superior  of  a 
relifiious  community. 

She  lierself,  indeed,  consldcrod  that  her  duties  as  a 
mother  wei-e  jiaramount  to  every  other,  esjiecially  since  lusr 
childit'ir.s  Protestant  relations  were  numerous  and  wealthy. 
"Wrifiuju;  to  a  friend  on  this  subject,  she  nays,  "]?y  the  law 
of  the  Church  I  so  much  love,  T  could  ncuer  take  an  obli- 
jjation  which  interfered  witli  my  duties  to  thecliildr«'n,  ex- 
cept 1  liad  an  independent  provision  and  ^'uardian  for  them, 
which  the  whole  world  could  not  supply  to  my  jud^^ment 
of  a  mother's  duty."  This  and  every  otlier  difTiculty  in 
the  ad(.])tl(m  of  the  rnles  was,  however,  at  len;u:th  arranged 
by  the  wisdom  of  A rchbisho]) Carroll  ; '  and  in  January,  1812, 
the  constitutions  of  the  Community  were  confirmed  by  the 


MU'  Imd  rici'iitly  been  clovatcd  to  the  arclileplscoiMil  dlgulty. 


707 


?(« 


.vornurt  Ki.ix.\m:w  .i.n.v  skw:^. 


Aivlil»hli«i|.iiii«l  thi' Niipii'lorof  St.  N!iir.v*Hrnl!«'^»«,  in  Hnl- 
tlmorr,  ami  Mfiit  fur  uhst'ivuiMi'  lutln'  Sl>tfi"*. 

A  yt'iir  uiiM  iilluwi'tl  to  ill!  ;ili.'iitl_\  in  il  .•  s^i«'rli.p(.i|  lutry 
tholi- viMutinii.  !it  ili.'.n<l  of  \\lii(  li  tiiiH- ihf.v  iriiMlit  «iili'r 
|muv»'  th.-  lii^tiiiiiioii  or  l)iii:l  tli.ui-«'Ui'^  by  vow-*.  Moili.  r 
S»'f(Hi  \vu>»  uiiiliori/t'«l,  I'Vi'ii  iiftfi  sIk;  IiikI  tiikcn  tlif  vowf, 
towjitcli  o\«'r  lici'  (•liildit'irMvv.'lliii.- ;  iiiitl  II  (•(.titlitioiiiil  pro- 
vInIoii  was  madi-  for  sfiiiriii,y  lo  iIm>  «Mtiiiiiiiiiiiiy  Ikt  pfniiu- 
tii-ril  Mipi'iiiiti'inh'in't'. 

'I'lif  jxi'iKMu)  nili'satnl  oltjpcf  of  |||i>  SiMtt-rs  of  (Miarity  iiiv 
m  wt'll  known  that  littl*'  n.'«'(l  In-  saltl  on  fluif  snl.jr«'f.  'I'lir 
Nocit'tv  was  to  III'  ciuiipoNiMl  of  iininai'i'ii'il  womi-n  and  \\i«l 
«>ws,  sound  of  niinil  and  bod),  and  b.-i^wcu  Mi\tf.-u  and 
twi'Mtyt'l^lit  y»'ars  of  ajro  at  tln-ir  mtranrc  It  \\\\^  aI>o 
cxpiM'ti'd  tlii.t  tlii'V  slionld  (b'sr-  to  dfvoti'  tlitii*  win  If  liv*'.* 
to  tht'  ^crvliM'  of  (Jod  in  His  poor,  and  in  tin-  instiM<tion  <d' 
cliilduMi;  thonxli  i lie  vow swnv  only  talxiii  furuslnglf  yi'af, 
and  i<;H('wc(l  annually. 

'*Thon;.'li  lln-y  «l<>  in»f  bcloji;;  to  a  ndi^ilons  ordtr  isucii 
II  staff  bfinu-  in<'onip.itil)lf  with  tlif  objfcts  of  tlifir  Sovjfty ». 
Vft.  as  tlifv  ai'f  nioi'f  fxjiosfd  to  the  world  tliaii  nifinbfrs 
of  a  rflijL^ioiis  oidfr.  having'  in  most  cirrunistancfs  no  otlifr 
nionastfcy  than  thf  honsfs  of  thf  sirk  or  tlif  school-room, 
HO  other  ffll  than  a  rfnii'd  apartnifnl,  n<t  otlifr  rhapfl  tliaii 
tl  'itMrislMdiiircli.  ni>  rloistfi-  but  thf  publir  strcft  or  lios- 
l)ltal,  no  fnclosuif  l>ul   obfdifncf.  no  gate  but  thf  I'far  of 
Uod.  no  vfil  but  that  of  holy  niodf sty— they  niv  tanj-ht  to 
aim  at  thf  hij^hest  virtiif,  and  to  ciunport  tlifmsflvcs,  nndfr 
all  circMinstancfs.  witli  as  much  cililication  as  if  thfv  wfif 
living'  in   a   cosivcnt.     Thf   salval'oii  of   their  souls  is  thf 
l)arainoiint  <'ons!dfratiou  thev  are    to  have  in  view.     The 
cultivation  of   Inindlity.  charity,  aiul  simplicity:  the  per- 
formance of  theiractions  in  union  with  tlu'Son  fd"  (Jod  ;  con- 
tempt of  the  world  :  disen<ia^cment    ri«»m  created    »hin,us; 
love  of  abjection  ;  patient  and  even  cheerful  endurance  of  all 
earthly  crosses  and  trials,  and  a  frreat  conlideiice  in  DiviJie 
Providence,  are  piactice^  which  the  Sisters  consider  essen- 
tial to  their  profession." 


t>!l«';;f,  in  H:il' 

r»'thti(H|  Id  iry 
iiii^lit  riiliir 

ki'll  tli«'  vowc, 

iKliiiiiiiiil  |)tU' 
ly  Ui'V  iii-rma- 

)f  riuuitv  inv 

• 

>.ul>jt'Ct.      'I'lir 
iiiicii  aixl  \\i*l 
II  Mixto-it  tiiid 
It   wiiN  also 
cirwlii  If  liv«'.s 

illstllKtioH  (if 

•a  Jiiii^K'  yi'ar, 

IS  Older  I  SUCH 
flifir  S(M'ii'iy  >, 
tliaii  iih'IhIm'is 
iiict's  no  otlii'i' 
('  scli<Mil-r<>(»m, 
•  •r  cliaiK'l  tliMii 
strecr  oi'  lids- 
lit  the  I'cav  of 
'  ale  tan^lit  to 
iiisclvcs,  iiiidfi' 
IS  if  tlicy  wrr«' 
ii'  sdiils  is  lli«* 
ill  view.  'i'ii(» 
icity  :  tile  |i«'i- 
1  (iT  (idd  ;  con- 
reatcd  tliiiius; 
iidiiianct'  (»r  all 
cure  in  Divine 
consider  esseii- 


WUIIKU  KI.IXMIF.ril  ASS  SKTOS. 


7(10 


Ti'irliii,'  'I"'  y»'!ir  of  jtriilcitlun  fm  ninre  ladies  were  added 
til  till'  euinninnily,  whieh  nn>v  r<tii>i'«tt'd  i>f  ihiity  Sjstt'in ; 
and  l»y  lilt' adnption  of  il  Nettled  illl«i»f  lift',  MotluT  Seloll 
liad  tlie  Innpiiieov  of  seclnL;  ilieiii  make  daily  pinKt'ess  Ixilti 
ill  fervor  towards  <iod  ami  iiHefnlness  to  tlieir  iieij;|il)ois. 
'I'lnie  wa^  one  anionj^"<t  them  wlio  was  a  soniee  of  far  deeper 
joy  iiinl  Kiatitnde  than  the  ivst.  Tills  wins  lier  own  eld«='Nr 
danyliter,  Annu  or  Annina.  Kioin  fi'ily  c  lilldliood  she  had 
lieeii  rein;.rl<al>l«'  for  li.-r  virim' ami  piety  ;  and  now,  lieinj? 
both  ^ood,  eleM-r,  and  lieantifiil,  she  was  the  di-li^ihl  ol  all 
who  knew  In-r.  When  only  llftei-n,  lar  hand  had  l)«'en 
soii>rht  in  marriage  by  n  yoiiiiK  K*'idh'«nan  of  fiieat  w-altli 
and  talent ;  and,  with  »h<>  ajiiiioltation  of  all  his  friends,  he 
joiirtieyed  to  his  distant  hoiiif  to  tnakf  tin-  neeessary  pit  j  a- 
ration.  There,  however,  he  found  his  only  parent,  a  niotlitr, 
.so  strongly  opjxised  to  it,  that  he  wiis  ]>revalled  upon  to 
laeak  his  faith  with  Miss  Seton. 

Happily,  with  the  true  spirit  of  a  Christian,  the  young 
'idy  regarded  the  whole  matter  as  ordere«l  by  (iod  for  her 
greater  g<MMl  and  devoted  In-rself  more  assiduously  than  be- 
fore to  all  the  religious  pnietiees  of  the  Community  in  St, 
.losepirs  Valley.  Although  still  only  amongst  the  pupils,  she 
stiietly  observed  the  liih-s  of  the  n(»vitiate,  rising  at  four 
hoili  in  winterand  summer,  that  she  might  spend  an  hour  in 
prayer  and  meditation  before  Mass  in  the  chapel.  She  per- 
foiiiie  I  in  secret  many  In-roic  acit«  <»f  mortirnatiun,  and  had 
s)  litrle  taste  for  the  worhl  that,  when  visiting  u  very 
excellent  family  in  Baltimore,  she  implored  In-r  mother  to 
recall  her  to  St'.  Josepli's  Valley,  b('<'anse  "her  soul  weariMl 
.if  the  distractions  of  a  secular  life." 

Her  example  animated  the  pupils  t.i  an  extraordinary  de- 
votion, and  some  of  the  elder  girls  formed  themselves  into  a 
bind  under  her  direction,  governed  by  special  rules,  and  lia- 
Iiitually  seeking  to  mortify  themselves  by  acts  of  penance. 
At  the  same  tini- she  both  w'al<'hed  tenderly  over  the  younger 
piijiils especially  tliose  preparing  for  their  llrst  Commun- 
ion—and also  maintained  a  coriesi»ondence  with  those 
young  ladies  who  had  left  the  school,  seeking  to  keep  alive 


m 


Mori/h.'u  tn.ixMihrrn  .i.v.v  sktoh. 


Ill  (Ifir  Ih'iirH  till'  ^Miiit  piiiK  l|>li's  ilifv  litui  li'tii'M'il 
uiiioiiutHi  till)  SIhU'I'n.  Aii.xluiiM  (It  nitifitM-mti'  lu'twlf  iimi*) 
]»,'rft'«ily  t«»  (»«nl,  h\\v  npplii'il,  iim  noim  im  iM-r  eiK«*  l**-!'- 
mlltiMl.  for  ii<liiilN>iuii  tu  tin'  Shh'iliiMMl,  and  whm  nlmlly 
rt'i't'lvf'd  ;  Itiit  IuvmihIh  tlii-fii'l  iif  >if|'(<'iiili»'i'.  IHII,  riikiiiji^u 

Viult'llf  f'niil.   sIm'  mioH  Imtiimk'  »<'  ill.    tllilt  III!   h«>|H'  of   hcrillK 

lnT  coiiiliiih'  to  •••llfy  iIh-  Coiiiinmiiiy  l»y  Imt  »'Xt'iii|>liiry 
ph'ty  wiiH  N'H'i'i>\vfiilly  iibainloin'il.     As  for  ln'ixrjf,  wht-  only 
lu'joiccil  to  liclicvf  tliiit  Aw  was  iM'iir  Iht  ••ml ;  atid  •'lif  <oii 
tiiiin'il    to  till'   liiHt    hoth  to  |:ni<'tin<  |iirfi>(t  liiiiuiliiy  and 
imtlt'iict'  ill  iH'i'clf.  and  to  «'iiiniininf  It  in  otlnT-'. 

A  viM-y  painful  ri-nn dy  liavliiK  U'i'W  piopoM-d  and  Mn'n 
post  p(»ni'd,  hIh' Maid,  "Oli,  no,  today  l«  Kiidny  ;  l»'t  itlx-doiat 
to  day,  for  it  is  tli»>  Itt'sf  day.  my  dtan  ^t  hold."  '!'»•  In-r 
companions  slic  wrote,  "  I  am  now  snlTtiiii;x  in  <'ai'in'st,  not 
ns  \v»'  iisfd  to  do  on  oni"  kiiffH,  vvIm-h  nicditatin;^  ontla'PuM- 
hIoii  of  our  di-ar  Lord.  \V»'  iisfd  to  wisli  to  niiirtr  with 
lliin;  l)ut  wlii'ii  <'Mll<'d  to  prove  lli»'  wish,  how  dilT'ivnt  is 
the  reality  from  the  imauination !  Let  my  weaUneMM  he  u 
lesson  to  yon." 

Wjien  Mother  Seton  half  reproached  lier  for  her  liftlo 
cnre  (»f  her  health,  "risin^jat  the  first  hell,  and  e\en  heinju; 
on  file  wateh  to  riii^  it  the  moment  thechtek  sirneU  ;  wasli- 
Inj;  at  the  pump  in  the  severest  weather,  (dten  eating; in  the 
refiM'tory  what  slekened  lier  stomaeh,  ete, — 'Ah,  dear 
mother,'  she  repIie<L  eolorin/^  deejily,  as  if  she  was  wound- 
ing; hunnlity,  'if  our  dear  Lord  called  me  up  to  meditate, 
>vas  I  wron,L(  to  ^o  '.  Jf  1  washed  at  the  pump,  did  latt  oih- 
ers  more  (h'licatu  do  it  i!  If  I  ntr  what  I  did  not  like,  wnw  It 
not  proper,  since  it  is  hut  a  common  Christian  net  to  con- 
trol my  ai)petitei  Hesides.  wliaf  would  my  examph' liavo 
been  t<»  my  class,  if  I  had  <h»n(»  otherwise  in  any  of  theso 
cases <  Indeed,  I  have  given  to<»  much  bad  e.\ami)le  with- 
out this.     Dearest  Lord,  pardon  me,'" 

Ni;rht  and  day  did  Nfi»ther  Seton  watcli  over  hor  siifTerins; 
child;  and  it  is  said  that  "it  would  he  diflicult  to  (lc<ide 
which  was  the  more  worthy  of  adndration,  the  daiiuhter 
pressing  forward  with  eagerness  to  her  heavenly  diome,  or 


IkhI    I<  iirri'Ml 

n>r  aiff  iK»r- 
I  \v»M  nlmlly 
Mil,  riiklii^tt 

•  |H'  of  wrilijj; 
I*  «>xt>iii|>liii'y 
«'lf.  wltf  only 

urid  *>li Ill 

iiiiiiiliiy  iiikI 

••tl  mill  iIm-ii 

Irt  it  Ix'  (Imin 
.1."      To   ll.T 

c'iu'Ihni,  not 
K  on  Mh'I'iis- 
(  MilTtr  with 

(lilT'ii'iil  is 
'iikiit'NM  be  u 

'or  lirr  lltllo 
1  cxt'ii  lii'iii^ 
riK'ix  ;  wiisli- 

(DtiiiKiii  tlx* 
—•All,  (l«'ar 
'  was  woiiikI 
t(»  nit'(lit!it»', 
(lid  not  oili- 
)t  lik«',  was  it 
1  art  to  con- 
xanipli'  liav«^ 
liny  of  tlH'so 
;anii)le  witli- 

liovMiifTci'in.cf 
lit  to  (l('<'i(le 
lie  (laiiuiitor 
ily  'lionio,  <»i' 


MowFti  k:ux.\m:w  ass  suroy 


m 


lU.'  mother  pn.ioii«ly  oll»'rlng  rliMHiM-rlll »f  h.-r  lint  »w»iii 

On  ih-  Math  of  .liinuary.  nhf  r»'<rl\.'.l  with  unai  r.rvur 
th«<  hisi  SmianK'ni^.  I"it  h.-r  .l.-nth  vui«  y.i  .lt!u\r«l  lor 
Honn>  vM..kH.  llff  nioth.T  at  tlii^  tiiii.'  wrh.sH  to  a  fn.'iid  : 
.•Tli.xh'ir,  lovdy,  an<l  .<?ii'.ll<'i»»  *'UM  o(  my  h.-art  U  on 
th..  point  of.h'inrKii  hurin«th»'  ulioh' of  th«' hi^<r  xu-.-k 
Nh«>  liiif*  !».>..»  .'v.i  V  n.om.iit  on  tl..-  »iit.  h.  •■siMiiinv;  i-vrry 
n.n,vfliin-i  lit  wonl.'l  I..-  tin-  last  ;  lait  Nvitli  »  \mu  t\  l.'.<.i>fna- 
tion.  an.l.ont.ntna'iitof  «oul  truly  ron^tolint..  not  «Hir."ii»i« 
II  tiuir  to  \w  Mh*Ml  aronn*!  h.-r,  hIh-  has  ^.na  tiling  conifortlnK 

l„^,iv  to  all NVli"!'  »l'"  '!t^'  rlimiL'.' took  i»la<-...  un<l 

rol(lHW.-:if,  ^aspiiitf  l.n-ntliinK.  ami  a;ioiii/.ii.K  |ain  iii.li.!il.  d 
inun.xUaf*'  .li-Holniion     tla-  i-ain  of  l..r  vyvn  no  K^iit   Nh« 
coul.l  m.  loiijr.'r  Hx  th.-m-  hIm'  vaUI.  'I  nm  no  lon^n  look 
ut  yon,  mv.h'ar.rnrilU;  lail   I  ..it.'.-  m;,   a«ony  uith  my 
Suvlonr;  ]  .IrinU  ih'' ••iij.  uith  lliin.     V.'s.  udoiaM.-  L^nl, 
V.air  \Nill.  and  Vonisiilota-,  I -•  doii...    I  will  if,  t«.o.     I  Uavi. 
„,vdrar.st  moiluM',  h.M-ans..  Von  will  If.  my  «lcar«>st,  dear- 
r.Ht  moth.'r.'     I'onr  n.oila-r:  y«ai  will  say,  an<l  y'\  Inippy 
na.tlH'r      You  <-an  vvll  .ind.'iHtaml  this  for  •m-,  d.ar  Irn-nd 
,o  s.M.la.r  r.-ndv.'  tin-  last  Safiammts  wit    my  ^.ntimmts 
ofth.'m    her  pivrioiiH  sonl  MtivtchiiiK  •'«•«   t  -wardM  Inavon, 
tho  sh.KHlar  purity  of  la-r  lifts  of  wlii<li   I  rnnld  ^live  you 
thom..Htamiahl.'  proofs,  my  ndnilationsol  tins  woil.l     all, 
dear  fiifml,  fomhiiu' lo  sih-mv  iMM.r  iialiuv. 

On  the  Snndav  before  her  death,  Antiina  ImW'1  t»'"^  t'»»^ 
vonnu  ladles  fr.mi  the  s.dtool  miKl't  naiie  in,  to  leani  a  les- 
son  of  human  frailty  fi<.m  her  wasted  lorni.  IV.n-  iiHy  in 
,„i,„l,er,  they  were  admitted,  a  few  at  a  lime,  and  she  ad- 
dressed them  in  her  .lying  voice  with  ih..  ta- st  impressive 
words  Alh.win-  them  to  8o«  the  morlihcal.on  whi.h  Had 
,,l,.,adv  bei'un  in  her  mrk.  she  sai.l,  "  S.-e  the  body  wliu-h 
1  „s..d'to  .Iress  ami  la.-e  up  s.i  w.-ll,  what  is  .1  now  Look 
nt  th.'se  hands:  th.' worms  will  have  po..r  banquets  here! 
AVhat  is  b..autv<  what  is  lifei  Kothin.ir.  n..tliin^-.  O.i, 
love  and  sorve'Ood  faithfully,  and  pr.'i.av,-  tor  ..Tinity. 
S.,mo  of  vou,  dear  girls,  may  be  soon  as  I  am  now  ;  be  g  ahI, 


M2 


MOTlIEn  K'J/AnETIT  AXS  .'^f.'TOX. 


and  pi'uy  for  me."  Anniiiu  jiraycd  vovy  ciirnestlj'  to  die  a  pro- 
fesstMl  Sister  of  Charitv:  and  tlioiiirli  tlie  time  liad  not  vet  ar- 
j'jved  for  any  to  bind  tlu'nise]v(>s  by  tlic  nsiial  vows,  she  was 
;>e?'niitl('d  to  do  so  on  the  dav  befitre  licr  death,  tlins  becotn- 
in^  the  Jir.s/  orofessed  member  of  tlie  Sisterliood.  'I'ln-  fol- 
lowing act  of  t'onsecrution  was  written  bj'  her  the  morning 
before  her  death,  kneehni''  at  the  foot  of  a  criicidx  : 

'"Amiable  and  adorabU'  Saviour!  at  the  foot  of  Your 
cross  I  conn?  to  conseciare  myself  to  yon  forever.  It  has 
pleased  You,  in  A'oiii'  infinite  mercy  and  goodness,  to  unite 
and  fasten  me  to  it  with  Yon.  O  dear  Jesus,  loll'er  Youall 
my  sufTeriugs,  little  as  they  are.  and  will  accept  with  resig- 
nation (oh,  by  Your  gra<'e,  let  me  say,  love),  whatever  Yon 
will  please  to  send  in  future.  I  offer,  in  nnion  with  V<jni- 
bhssed  merits,  all  the  f  ulferings  I  (V(j'hi;d;  those  which  T 
endured  at  a  time  when  I  did  not  h  ain  to  unite  tliem  to 
Yours.  Those  I  iiave  experienced  during  this  last  sickne.ss 
I  offer  more  particularly  to  Y'our  glory,  and  in  expiation  of 
the  offenses  and  giievons  sins  committctl  during  my  life. 
Oh.  my  .fesus,  jiardon  the  inn>atience.  ill-humor,  and  num- 
berless other  faults  I  now  commit  ;  I  bescv'ch  Thee  te  for- 
give. I  offer  Thee  my  sufferings,  in  nnion  with  Your 
merits,  in  expiation  of  my  many  and  daily  offenses." 

On  the  following  nn)rning  she  r(  qnested  her  two  young 
sisters  to  kneel  by  her  bed  and  sing : 

"  Tli()U,!.'1»  all  tlio  pains  of  licl]  .surround. 
No  fvil  will  1  fear  : 
For  while  n»y  .[(.'sus  is  niy  Friend, 
No  danger  can  conic  near." 


They  tried  to  compose  their  voices,  broken  by  sobs,  that 
they  might  please  their  dying  sister,  whom  their  mother, 
sitting  at  her  pillow,  was  su])porting  in  lier  arms.  But 
their  voices  refused  to  sing  at  such  n  moment ;  and  soon 
the  struggles  of  the  de))arting  sold  became  so  severe,  that 
.Nfother  Seton  was  obliged  to  retire  from  her  now  insensible 
child  to  the  chajiel,  where  she  remained  before  the  Blessed 
Sacrament  till  all  was  over. 


HWTIIHn  EUZAUKTir  ASX  SETOX. 


'i:] 


,' to  (lie  a  pro- 
id  not  yet  nr- 
ows,  she  \v;is 
tlius  bcconi- 
k1.  Tlicl'ol- 
Hio  morning 
ilix  : 

ot  of  Yoiii" 
vcr.  It  liiis 
ess,  to  unite 
ofl'rr  Yoiiiill 
t  witli  rt'sig- 
luitcvcr  Yoii 
I  with  Voui- 
losow'ni'li  T 
iit»»  thciii  lo 
Inst  sickness 
expiation  of 
ing  my  life. 
I",  iind  iiuin- 
I'liee  t(    for- 

Avitli   Your 
nses." 

two  young 


Y  sobs,  that 
eir  mother, 
arms.  But 
; ;  and  soon 
severe,  that 
w  insensible 
the  Blessed 


On  the  following  day  flic  body  was  comniitled  to  the 
ground,  and  ^fotlier  Scton,  more  like  a  statm;  than  a  living 
being,  followed  lier  sweet  cliild  to  tlit^  grave.  P)nt  one  tear 
was  seen  upon  liei' clicck  as  she  icturncd;  and  raising  her 
eyes  to  heaven,  she  uttered  slowly,  as  if  yieldingto  the  full 
force  of  the  sublime  sentiment:  "Father,  Thy  will  be 
done  :"'  Thus  died  Sister  Annina,  on  March  12th,  1812,  in 
the  sev(Mileenth  year  of  her  age. 

Sh<^  was  cherished  \\arndy  in  the  memory  of  all  who  had 
ever  known  her;  and  the  village  childr<'n.  whom  she  had 
especially  chosen  for  h.er  ])Ui)iis.  kejit  her  grave  always 
green  and  fiagi'aiit  with  moss  an<l  lilies  of  the  valley.  The 
loss  of  this  dear  child  was  very  acutely  felt  by  Mother 
Seton.  and  she  writi^s  from  the  fullness  of  her  heait  to  a 
friend,  "The  separation  fioni  my  ang(d  has  left  so  new  and 
deep  an  iinpi-ession  on  my  mind,  that  if  T  was  not  obliged 
to  live  in  these  dear  ones  (her  cldldreu),  T  should  uncon- 
sciously die  in  her:  unconsciously,  for  never,  by  a  free  act 
of  the  nniul,  would  I  now  reject  ///.s' vr/Y/."'  Who  can  tell 
the  silent  solitude  of  them'>tlier*s  soul,  its  peace  and  rest, 
in  God.  "-Eternity  was  Anna's  darling  word.  I  hud  it 
written  in  everything  that  belonged  to  her;  music,  books, 
copies,  the  walls  of  her  little  chand)er— everywhere  that 
Avord." 

In  Se[)tember,  181?,  the  Kev.  Simon  Gabriel  Brute  '  was  np- 
pointed  to  assist  the  Rev.  Mr.  Dubois;'  and  his  friendship 
and  siM'vices  were  of  the  greatest  possible  value  to  Mother 
Seton  and  the  community,  for  whom  he  now  celebrated 
Mass  four  times  a  week.  Father  Ih'ute  was  a  mun  of  rare 
liifts,  rare  learning,  and  great  physical  activity,  singularly 
blessed  with  energy  and  i)ower  of  expression  ;  and  from  the 
first  he  and  ^Mother  Seton  lieartily  sympathized. 

In  the  following  July,  the  Oomnuinity,  now  eighteen  in 
number,  bound  themselves  by  the  vows  of  poverty,  charity, 
and  obedience,  ten  young  ladies  being  at  the  same  time 
admitted  into  the  novitiate. 


1  AftiTwardfl  &Kt  Bishop  of  Vlnccancs,  Iiiil. 


»  Afterwards  nisUop  of  New  York. 


714  ifOWEll  ELIZABETH  ANN  ^ETOX 

The  war  wiMi  Great  l^ritain  af  tl.is  Wnw  made  many 
rhimrs  so  expensive  that  amove  rigia  oco.iomy  wa.  neces- 
sary,  t<.  wl.i.'h,  however,  the  Si«ter«  clieerfully  ent  tliem- 
s->lv,.s  S.i.Mr  was  dispensed  with,  and  <-oarser  elothm-  m- 
trodueed.  In  1814,  a  deta.-hm.nt  of  Sisters  were  sent  to 
Pliilaih'lphia,  totakechar-eof  the  children  whose  pirents 
l,„l  died  of  the  v.llow  fever;  and  in  1817  a  colony  wa. 
ostablish.Ml  in  X  ■w  York  City  from  thn  mother-hous(,  at 
Emmettsbur-.  The  instrnctions  and  am'crionat.'  rxhorta 
ti.ms  -nven  bv  M»rh  'r  S -Km  to  those  Sist(M's  who  wrrc  leavin,^; 
her  for  another  n.ission  wern  beautifully  cliaraeteristic  ol 
l,er  i(h>a  of  what  the  life  of  a  Christian,  and,  above  all.  a 
Sister  of  C'harity,  shonhl  be. 

She  herself  most  strictly  observed  the  Hides  of  the  house, 
thou<'-h  her  health  was  now  beconun-  feeble;  "was  incess- 
rntlv"' occupied  in  the  duties  of  her  situation,  yet  always 
cabn,  self-possessed,  even-tempered,  and  her  soul  appar-^ 
entlv  coller-ted  in  (f.d.  She  was  remarkable  for  her  ove  of 
1,  ,vertv  and  mortilication  of  the  senses."  At  first  she  had 
taken  "charge  of  the  highest  class  amongst  the  pupils,  but 
now  this  was  no  longer  necessary.  Yet  she  still  visited  the 
school-room  o(mstantly,  encouraging,  counseling,  and  edi- 
fviiv  by  her  presence  no  less  than  by  her  words.  She  con- 
sidered the  voung  ladies  as  a  sacred  trust  from  (lod,  and 
was  accustomed  to  say  to  the  Sisters  under  whose  particu- 
lar care  they  were,  "B3  to  them  as  our  guardian  angels  are 

tons."  .         ^      .       -, 

Twice  a  week  she  gave  familiar  instructions  to  the  elder 
pupils,  in  which  she  displayed  her  singular  aptitude  f.n-  edu- 
cation    ^'et  her  manner  was  rather  that  of  the  intelligent 
and  afferiionate  parent  than  of  th<^  pedantic  teacher;  and 
her  sweetness  won  so  readily  the  coniidence  of  her  pupils, 
that  they  opened  tlieir  hearts  to  her  as  their  dearest  friend. 
"Your   little    mother,   my   darlings,"    she  would    say, 
"does  not  come  to  teach  you  to  be  good  nuns  or  Sisters  of 
Charity ;  but  rather,  1  would  wish  to  lit  you  for  that  world 
in  which  vou  were  destined  to  live ;  to  teach  you  how  to  be 
croDd  mistresses  and  mothers  of  families.     Yet,  if  the  dear 


made  iiiniij' 
y  was  nect's- 
Y  lent  tlKMii 
■  clotliin,!:!;  iii- 
,v('re  sent  to 
hose  |>uelits 
,  colony  was 
hcr-liousi!  at 
iitt'  rxhoi'ta 
1  wcrclcavin.ij: 
ractcristlc  ol" 
above  all,  a 

of  the  house, 
"was  Incess- 
.  yet  alwavri 
soul  appai'- 
)i'  her  love  of 
first  she  had 
,e  pupils,  but 
ill  visited  the 
in^',  and  edi- 
ds.     She  eon- 
I'om  (rod,  and 
hose  particu- 
iau  angels  are 


}fnTiiEn  Ki.izAnETir  aw  setox. 


715 


>fist('r  s'ler*ts  one  anil )n<?  you  to  b;'  eloser  to  llinj,  happy 
are  you  ;  He  will  teach  you  Himself." 

Ill  ISit  Nf'.M.  S 'ton's  eldest  sou  v  »;uplet('d  liis  ei.i;-hteenth 
ye:ir.  Ht;  was  !inxi(»ns  to  enter  the  navy,  whilst  his 
mother  wisjjed  him  to  yo  into  soiue  mercantile  house; 
b:it  (his  was  rendered  somewhat  ditlicult.  iu  conse- 
(puMice  of  the  disturbi.'d  state  of  commercial  affairs  durin.n- 
thi>  war.  However,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hrute  being  anxious  t() 
visit  Kuro]).',  she  resolved  to  send  her  sou  uudcr  his 
fiuardianship  to  th<>  >[ 'ssrs.  Filicchi,  at  least  for  a  time.  Two 
years  later  her  second  son  was  placed  in  the  house  of  a  mer- 
chant at  Baltimore,  and  went  afterwards  to  Leghorn  when 
his  brother  left  to  carry  out  his  own  puri)ose  of  entering 
the  navy. 

About  this  time  yiv.  Pliilip  Filicchi  died;  and  deej^ly 
was  his  loss  deploi-ed.  not  only  by  Mothei-  Seton  and  lu.s 
most  immediate  frieuds,  but  by  all.  His  tleath  was  said  to 
be  almost  a  public  calamity,  sorrowed  )ver  by  "hundreds  of 
poor  fed  at  ids  hands,  orphans  depending  on  his  support, 
and  prisoners  relieved  by  his  charity.*' 


s  to  the  elder 
itude  foredu- 
the  intelligent 
teacher;  and 
)f  her  pupils, 
learest  friend. 
?  would  say, 
s  or  Sisters  of 
for  that  world 
you  liow  to  be 
et,  if  the  dear 


CTTAPTKU   VL 

<•  l;»)SS    A  N  1>    (   u<»  \v  N. 

linili-  -''L'Khrr  /.v  l.u'her'  -Mnlhrr  .sV/->^/'.v  ln'iUh  hv- 
roinrs  f(U'hh'-I[<r  pafim-i'  llrr  last  m'mirii'.s  -ILi 
hihj  dndli  -Ihr  rli'inr'h'r—TIf  n.tx'fs  of  //</■  h,!l. 

Two  niontlis  after  this  tinin  >[orher  Seton  was  rill.'d 
upon  to  render  back  to  God  another  of  her  chihlron,  \uv 
youui?est  d;uiu;hter,  whosf^  intelligent  and  amiabh>  dis])(.si- 
tion  luul  endeared  h(n-  to  all  who  knew  her.  She  had  l)een 
ailinir  now  since  181-2.  Avhen  she  was  injnred  by  a  fall  on  tht^ 
ice;  and  that  she  nii,u;ht  have  the  best  medical  advice,  she 
was  removed  lov  some  time  to  Haltiniore.  Whilst  there,  her 
mother  used  the  most  affectionate  endeavors,  by  l're(|iient 
litfli>  notes,  to  turn  the  mind  of  her  snfTerin.i;  child  to  tlu^ 
end  for  which  she  was  atllicted.     The   I'oUowing  is  one  of 

them :  n^■^      •  ■, 

">[v  fSori/s  LiTTLK  T).\iu,rN(i,— :^^othev^s  eyes  fill  willi 

tears  ever  when  she  thinks  of  you  ;  but  loving  tears  of  joy, 

that  my  dear  one  may  suffer  and  bear  pain,  and  resign  heisel f 

to  the  will  oi  oar  J)earesf.  and  be  the  child  of  His  cross. 

You  know,  mother  has  often  ti)ld  you  that  the  one  who 

suffers  most  is  the  dearest  to  me:  and  so  our  Dearest  loves 

ri(>  child  lie  alliicts  with  a  double   love.     Remember,  my 

deirone.what  mother  told  you  about  1<ma:     nd  obedience  to 

our  so  kind  and  tender  friend;'  and    nv:  Dearest,  not  to 

forget  Him  for  a  moment.    You  know  M   :',.  ver  forgets  you  ; 

ami  do  n(.t  mind  kneeling,  but  speak  your  heart  to  Him 

anywhere.     May  if  is  dear,  dearest  blessing  be  on  yon.  .  .  . 

.b'sus,  Mary,  and  Joseph,  bless  and  love  you  !" 


'  The  lady  «itU  whom  she  was  staying. 


716 


,s'  licnUh  lie- 
Uicil'n    -III' I 


ii 


lull. 


was  (vill.'d 
hildron.  li,.  v 
iblt>  (Us])()si- 
li(*  had  bt'civ 
I  fall  on  tli(* 

advice,  slm 
St  tluTc.  her 
by  I'lvcjiicnt 
child  tt)  lilt! 
iig  is  one  of 

yes  fill  Willi 
tears  of  joy. 
csi^n  lierscif 
>f  His  cross, 
he  one  who 
Nearest  loves 
member,  my 
obedience  to 
ireht,  not  to 
for<;;ets  you ; 
eart  to  Him 
>u  you.  .  .  . 


716 


MOTiam  KLlZMIEni  Asy  SETOy. 


<i7 


T5v  tlie  pious  example  of  tliis  amial)l<'  child,  many  ]irnc- 
tices  of  (biV'tiioii  were  introduced  ainoujist  the  boarders; 
anil  as  sin?  was  u  «?eiieral  favorite  at  St.  .loseph's,  her  in- 
ilui'iice  had  thcs  hapjtiest  effect.  The  orphans  educated 
there  liad  been  formed  into  ii  class  distinct  from  the  board- 
ers, and  wert>  disposed  to  resent  this  separation  as  u  humil- 
ialiii'-?  i»osition;  Miss  U 'becca  S-toii,  however,  voluntarily 
ranked  herself  am :)n:4st  them,  and  innnediately  all  bitter- 
ness of  feelint-'  was  chaii.i'-ed  into  'grateful  affection.  Tlioiij^h 
(.!d>  thirteen  years  of  a.ue,  sin;  was  devout  and  fervent  in 
ap[iroachinj:  the  Sacraments;  and,  indeed,  she  needed  all 
the  slren;;ll'.  ami  consolation  which  these  alone  can  bestow; 
f,)-.'  during-  the  hist  six  ni.)nths  of  her  life  she  wc.s  scarcely 
ever  free  from  the  most  excruciatin.u-  pain.  Xeverlheless, 
she  Avas  always  patient.  resi^>ned,  and  even  cheerful  in  nian- 
n.r,  fullillini;'  the  anxious  wishes  of  her  mother,  that  she 
miiAht  look  on  her  sufferings  oidy  as  a  transitory  means  to  a 
glorious  and  eternal  end. 

'•Death,  death,  my  mother,"  she  would  say  in  her  agony: 
"it  seems  so  strange  that  I  shall  be  no  more  here.  You 
will  come  back  (from  the  graveyard),  dearest  molhei', 
alone.  No  little  llel)ecca  behind  the  curtain.  But  that  is 
only  (me  side;  when  I  look  at  the  other,  1  forget  all ;  you 
wili  be  comforted.  If  Dr.  ('.  were  to  say  now,  Ri-becca,  you 
will  get  well,  L  could  not  wish  it,— no,  ii>y  dearest  Saviour !  1 
am  (^juvinced  of  the  happiness  of  an  early  death.  And  lo 
\si)i  no  v//o/r  ,•— that  is  the  point,  my  mother;  "  throwing  her 
arms  arouml  her,  and  r.^ieating  "to  sin  no  more."' 

A  few  extracts  from  the  journal  of  her  dear  child's  last 
davs,  made  by  :Mother  Seton  for  Father  J^rute,  who  was 
stVu  absent  in  Europe,  will  describe  more  touchingly  l\vM\ 
unv  words  of  our  own  the  admirable  fortitude  with  which 
the  little  sufferer  "endured  to  the  end."' 

'•  It  seemed  to  me  this  morning,"  said  she,  'that  I  could 
not  bear  it;  but  one  look  at  our  Saviour  changed  it  all. 
What  were  the  dislocations  of  his  bones,  my  mother  !  Oh, 
how  can  T  mind  mine  \ '  Xot  a  change  now  from  continued 
fitting,  but  to  kneel  a  little  ou  omi  knee;  obliged  to  give 


718 


MOTIIKIi  KUZADETII  .l.V.V  SKTOy. 


uj)  her  bi'd  enrircly.  Wo  W'mhX  todiiy.  '  I  know,'  said  slio, 
'I  caiindr;  Imt  wt'  must  take  i.  ([Hh'tly,  my  dear  motlicr, 
ami  oH'tT  up  tlic  pains,'  -  tryinti;:  to  p't  In  and  out  of  hcd  — 
'and  Ii't  it  take  its  way.'  I'Mndiui;  it  imitossiMc,  she  said, 
'I  must  lie  do.vn  no  more  until  -l>ut  never  mind,  my 
mother,  come  sit  l)y  me.'  Soltly  now  she  sXw^h  the  lit  tit- 
words,  after  restinji;  on  one  knee  awliile,  for  our  evening 
prayer : 

••  Now  anotlicr  diiy  is  ijono. 
Ho  iiiiicli  puiii  Mini  siiiTow  o'l  r, 
So  mucli  nearer  our  lieur  lioiuu  : 

Tliiire  well  praUe  l[iiu, 
TliiTf  we'll  liiess  Hill)  evennori'." 

Tiien  leans  so  peaceably  her  dear  head  on  my  lap,  and  offers 
u]i,  as  she  says,  'the  poor  mass  of  corruption,  covereil  witii 
the  blood  «)f  our  .lesus.' 

"The little  belov<'d  now  sits  up  in  a  chair  ni,<,dit  and  day, 
leaning  on  my  arm,  the  bones  so  rubbed  she  cannot  rest  t-n 
one  knee  as  before:  but  says  so  cheerfully,  'Our  Lord 
makes  UK!  pay  for  past  misdemeanors.' 

"What  a  morning  with  our  little  one  !  her  perspective! 
Straining  f<»rward,  with  rolling,  rapid  tears,  she  said,  purring 
her  Jirms  around  me,  'Mother,  the  worst  is,  I  shall  have  to 
give  an  account  of  all  the  Masses  I  haveiieard  so  carelessly  ; 
()  my  carelessness!'  the  tears  redoubled.  'My  lirst  <'om- 
munion!  yet  surely  I  tiied  not  to  make  it  badly;  and  if, 
dearvst  mother,  I  shiill  have  the  blessings  of  the  last  iSacra- 
nients, '— then  she  looked  so  earnestly  at  the  cruciiix,  and 
Aviped  her  eyes.  Again  spoke  of  Kxtremi}  I'nction  ;  but 
after  all  the  c<»n«.fort  another  burst  of  tears.  '  Yet  the  last 
struggles,  mother  !— there  is  soaierliing  in  death— 1  cannot 
tell.  How  lazy  I  am,  my  mother;  and  how  sweet  and 
bright  is  Nina's  carpet!'  Oh,  how  ^  will  beg  our  Lord  to 
let  me  come  to  you,  when  you  will  be  here  so  lonely  !  You 
know,  mother,  I  never  enjoyed  any  little  pleasure  in  this 
world,  unless  you  shared  it.  or  1  told  you  of  it.  How  I 
will  beg  of  Him  to  let  me  come  and  c<mifoit  you  !     You 

•  Hor  sister  Amilim  ;  curpff.  Die  liliio  s^k.v.  !<peu  from  tlio  window. 


w,'  saidslio, 
••ar  uiotlicr, 

)llt   (»f    l)C(l     - 

Ic,  she  sail], 

mind,  iiiy 

U's  tlif  littlf 

iiiir  ('veiiiii<;" 


]),  and  ofTcrs 
:over('d  witli 

;hf  and  day, 

unot  rest  on 

'Onr  l.tird 

perspertivt' ! 
said,  i)nrr!n,ir 
hall  have  to 
;>  farch'ssly  ; 
y  lirst  cdin- 
lly  ;  and  if, 
e  last  Sarra- 
■rucilix,  and 
lu'tion  ;  but 
Vt't  tht>  last 
li— 1  cannctfc 
•  sweet  and 
our  I^ord  to 
nely  !  You 
sure  in  this 
it.  How  I 
you  !     You 


3roTin:it  Ei.iXAm:rir  Ays  sl'Tox. 


710 


know,  too,  r  couM  }i\U'>^H  your  v»nins,  ovon  when  yon  did  not 
speak."  Hut  oil,  the  thousand  little  mdeaiau'nts  of  her 
manner,  whih'  sayinj;  tht'sc  words,  so  dear  to  a  mother's 
le  art  I  Kvery  wakin,<;-  through  the  nif-ht  spcakiiiK^  of  what 
they  were  doi'uir  in  heaven!  licr  pooi'  U-ix  burst  pain  in 
llic'sidc  exeessivf'  but  the  little  <'h<'erfid  lauuh  and  pain 
^r,,  lonvthcr.  '  How  ^hmmI  it  is,  oh,  how.yood  1  sin«'eit  shows 
our  iiord  will  not  let  it  last  lon^'.' 

'•'Last  niyht,'  said  she,  'in  the  midst  of  my  misery,  1 
H.'cmed  somewhere  ,yoM(^  out  of  my  body,  and  summ<Miin<,^  all 
the  saints  and  an.uvls  to  pray  for  me  ;  but  tln'  Bless.'d  \ir- 
oin,  St.  .lost'i.h,  and  my  , guardian  an-cl,  St.  Au^-iistine,  and 
St.'xavier,  whom  I  love  so  much  (St.  Auj;ustine's  burning 
heart  for  our  Lord,  you  know,  uiolhcri,  these  1  elaimedand 
insisted  on  defendiii.u'  me  in  jud^nienl.  Oh,  my  mother  I 
that  judji'menl  f  then  auaia  her  eyes  fastened  on  the  eruei- 
lix  as  lony  as  pain  would  permit.  '  O  mother,  how  I  sutler, 
every  bone,  every  joint,  every  lind)  ;  do  mother,  jjray  for 
my  faith.  You  sec  dearest,  every  day  something'  of  warn- 
ing is  added  that  I  soon  must  go  ;  yet  I  remend)er  only  twice 
to'liave  thought  my  sullVrings  too  hard  sinee  1  was  hurt; 
—so  our  dear  Lord  i)ity  me,  and  give  me  a  short  purgatory  : 
yet  in  this  7//s'  tci/l  be  done;  at  least,  then  I  shall  be  safe, 
and  sin  no  uiore.' 

"Always  wishing  to  be  employed,  she  cut  some  leaves  of 
^artificial  iloweis,  and  seemed  very  earnestly  employed  in 
sewing  on  a  small  garment  for  a  po<n'  child,  with  trembling 
iiands^'and  panting  breath,  two  days  before  her  agony. 

'•TheSuperior  came,"  Kev.  Mr.  Dubois,  "au<l  seeing  the 
pitiful  state  of  the  l*oor  darling,  kindly  ollVn  d  to  lemain 
with  her.  Her  gratitude  was  inexpressible.  The  presence 
of  a  in-iest  .seemed  to  arm  her  against  every  pt)wer  of  the 
enemy.  He  told  her,  about  midnight,  that  as  she  had  not 
Hlept'nor  ate  anything  for  the  Last  twenty-four  hours,  it 
would  be  well  to' take  a  little  paregoric.  '  Well,'  said  she 
very  gently  to  him,  'if  I  go  to  sleep  I  shall  not  come  back  ; 
so  good-by  to  you  ali.  Do  give  my  love  to  everybody  ; 
good- by,  dear  Kit,'   ilier  sister  Josephine,  kissing  her  most 


730 


MoTiiEit  i:i.i/.Ani:rii  ass  sktos. 


*.> 


t»'iHl»Mly),  'iind  you,  my  ilransf  iii(»iIm-i'.'  H-if  Iicit  Ii.t  lit- 
tit'  heart  fiiili'd  Iht,  and  she  hid  licrscir  in  my  bosom. 
Ajj;aln,  trying  to  ('omposc  li«'r.s»'ll'.  sliu  ^«nid,  'I  will  jih't' 
your  love  to  ('Vt'iyhody  I  m<'<(  with  on  tln>  way.'  Mnt  no 
Mifcpor  rest  i'or  Ik'I',"  So  dawned  I'or  fhild  and  juoIIh'I- 
All  S  (Ills'  hay.  "It  passed  aii  yesterday  ;  only  increased 
pains.  Oni'  (iod,  our  (Jo»l !  to  wait  in  •  hour  for  an  objeet 
every  moment  e.\[>e<'ted!  but  poor  IV'c's  liouis  and  a.^onies 
are  known  to  You  alone  I- her  meek,  subndssivc  U>oks,  art- 
less  !ii)peals  of   sorrow,  and  unut terabit-  distn'ss. 

*'The  hundred  little  nets  of  piety  that  All  St.nis'  Day,  st» 
Hudantl  sorrowful;  the  fears  of  the  ptit»r  mttther's  heart; 
lit'i'l»Iei'din,i;'  lieurr  for  ]>:Uieni'e  anil  perseveranre  in  so  weak 
iichiltl,  thesih'ul  long  looks  at  eaeh  other ;  fears  of  inlerlVr- 
in-;  in  any  way  with  thi^  ik'signs  of  intiidte  love !  Oil,  that  day 
und  ni.uht  mid  followin-'day  I  The  liev.  Sui)eriortolil  her  ho 
^voiiul  not  wish  her  sun'erings  shortened.  She  ipiletly  gr.vo 
up,  felt  liei  pulse  no  more,  imiiiiretl  no  more  about  goiiij--, 
or  what  time  it  was  ;  but  with  her  heart  of  sorrow  pietured 
on  her  eoiintenance,  looking  now  al  the  crueilix,  nf-ain  at 
mother,  setMiied  to  mind  nothing  else.  Onee  she  saiil,  '  My 
love  is  so  wtak  so  imperfeet  my  mother;  I  have  been  so 
unfaithful,  T  have  proved  so  little  my  love.'  Her  poor  lit- 
tle heart  seemed  sinking,  yet  eyes  steailfastly  fixed  on  the 
crueilix.  'My  mother;  kiss  that  Blessed  Side  for  me.'^ 
Iler  small  crueilix  round  her  neck  was  often  pressed  to 
her  lips-—those  cold,  tlying  lips  ;  and  then  she  woultl  i)ress 
it  to  her  heart.  'Hangs  my  helph-ss  soul  on  Thee,'  slio 
would  say.  Night  came  again.  She  often  bowed  her  head, 
in  which  all  her  pain  seemed  centred,  to  the  holy  water  jjie- 
sented  by  the  Hev.  Superior.  We  said  some  short  i)iayers, 
and  she  repeated,  '  In  the  hour  of  death  defend  me  ;  call  mo 
to  come  to  Thee  ;  receive  me.'  Near  four  in  the  morning, 
she  said,  '  Let  me  sit  once  more  on  the  bed  ;  it  will  be  the 
last  struggle.'  Cecilia's  arms  and  mother's  supporting  her, 
she  sank  between  ns ;  the  dailing  head  fell  on  the  well- 
known  heart  it  loved  so  well,  and  all  was  over.  My  God  ! 
my  God  :    That  morning  she  had  said,  '  Be  not  sorro  vvful^ 


}fonti:i:  Ki.iXMinii  asx  sltox 


i-n 


hwv  licr  lit- 

niy   boHoiii, 

•  I  will   ^iivc 

ly."     Milt  iin 

lliul    llliilllfl' 

ly  incit'iiscd 

oi-  an  (il)jt'('t 

and  a.niinit'H 

v<'  Km  (Km,  ai't- 

IVSM. 

»uls'  Pay,  so 
licr'.s  licart  ; 
•»•  in  so  \\»'ak 
isofinh'ilVi'- 
Oli,  that  day 
>r  told  her  ho 
(quietly  (iiwo 
idiont  ^ftinji', 
row  i)i('tnred 
iix,  a<:ain  at 
lit'  said,  '  My 
liavc  bi'cn  s(t 
llcr  poo)'  lit- 
lixc'd  on  tlw 
idt*  I'oi"  nie.' 
'U  pressed  to 
!  would  i»i'ess 
m  Thee,'  sho 
ved  her  head, 
)ly  water  i)re- 
lort  ])rayers, 
[  nie  ;  call  tne 
the  niornin;n-, 
t  will  be  the 
pportinjjher, 
on  the  well- 
1-.  My  God  ! 
at  sorro  vvful, 


my  mother  I  I  shall  not  uo  far  from  yon:  I  nni  si-.ie  otir 
dt'ar  i-oid  will  lei  me  eonie  and  console  yoii.'  .|o.si';(hiiif"fi 
teats  hint  her.  '  !  df»  not  look,'  hIh-  said,  'lo  beiti^'  left  in 
the  grave,  and  y(»ii  all  turning  home  without  me;  I  look 

high  lip.'  " 

In  1S1H,  Father  Hnite  again  came  to  reside  at  St.  Mary's 
CoUeg*',  aiul   iMcaine  confessor  to  the  Comninidty  <»f    St. 
Joseph.    Tins  wan  a  great  consolation  for  Mother  S.-ton, 
who  had  the  highest  regaid  for  this  excellent  jiriest.     Her 
health  was  now  very  f.'el.le  ;  but  she  exerted  hers»'lf  to  fill- 
till  with  diligence  the  onerous  dii!i«'s  of  her  responsible  of- 
tico.     "  I  cannot  <lie  one  way,"  .sin  writes  to  a  friend,  "so 
1  try  to  die  the  (»ther,  and  keep  the  straight   [tath  to  «<od 
aloi'ie."     She   maintained  the  tcndnt  st   waKhlnlnt  ss  over 
those    Sisters  absriit  oti  any  mission  ;  and  thus  writes   to 
(»ne,  who  was  lamenting  her  inability,  through  illnes.s.  to 
fullill  the  charge  she  had  undertaken  :   ••  My  <«wn  dear  sis- 
ter, I  take  a  laugh  and  a  cry  at  yotir  flannels  and  plasters. 
Never  nnnd;  (Jod  is  (Jod  in  it  all.     If  y.-u  are  to  do  His 
%v(.ik,  thi'  strength  will  be  givi'U  y«»u;  if  not,  my  i.recious 
child,  some  one  else  will  do  it,  and  you  <•  ir.e  back  to  your 
liome'.     No  great  affair  where  His  d.ai'  atom  is,  if  only  His 
will  is  d(tne.     Peacr.  dearest  soul,  from  our  .lesiis.     1  look 
a   lorn;  look  at  our  dear  crucifix   for  y(Mi.     All  are  here 
nearly  as  you  left ;  our  faithful  (^'d  the  same!-  Ever  your 

little  mother." 

Dining  the  years  we  have  so  rapidly  passed  over  many 
Sisters  were  sinnmoned  from  the  little  ("ommunity  to  their 
eternal  hom(>.  And  if  it  were  possible  to  relate  of  their 
piotis  souls  the  different  acts  of  Innnility,  charity,  and  de- 
votion by  wdiich  they  edified  all  who  knew  them,  and  em- 
balmed their  names  in  the  memory  of  the  Sisterhood,  some 
idea  might  be  formed  of  the  holy,  happy  retreu,  over  which 
Mother  Seton  presided  in  St.  Joseph's  Valley.  Many  were 
converts.  Amongst  others,  we  are  told  of  one  w1k>  had 
been  a  IVfethodist,  bnt  was  ever  seeking  after  the  true 
Church  until  she  foinid  it. 

"  Luther  is  Luther,"  she  used  to  say  to  those  on  whom 


799 


MoTUKii  Ki.r/..\nt:rii  i.vv  setos. 


nil.'  ih'^'.mI  li.r  Jiiixirfv  !»rfnr«'  li.Tronv.'Hnn,  ««rMlvl«\  U 
<'iilvin,  Wi'Hl.'y  is  \V.s|..y  ;  l.tif  wImmv  h  tlu' Climrh  of  flio 

St.  .I.H.'i.irs  Vall.-y,  wlu'ie  flir  luippUy  l<.im(l    wlmt   sI.m 

It  lias  iMM-n  iiln-Mily  rii»'nfl<>nr.l  iik^-i'  llwin  otir*'.  lliur 
M..tli.'r  S.'tun'.s  Ih'iiltli  iiiul  iMTi.tno  v.-ry  I'fd'I.';  iiikI  in  IH'.>m 
hci-  lmi'4H  w.nv  sus.'iiniiHly  iiir.Th'il.  timr  In-r  im-aicnl  Mft.-nd 

ants  <j,n\v  im  lio| f  Iht  iiltlinaro  n-mvi-ry.     Foi*  li«'r  tills 

world  Imdlonixc-as.'d  to  I.Hanyrliiiiul«iit  "ikIiuU  i.assnL-.. 
l.-adiim  to  .'rmilty.  I  s.v  noiliiii;:."  sIk'  H"y^*<  *' '""  '''•' 
l)lii..  skv  and  onr  alinrs;  all  tli.'  iIh-  voh\  Is  mo  plainly  n<.f  t<i 
b(.  lookl'd  at.  W.'  talk  now  all  day  of  my  d.-afli,  and  Imw 
It  will  l)t«,  juHt  liko  tlu'  mst  of  the  lioiiM'woik.  What  is  it 
«'|st>^  What  arc  \v«' conic  into  tlu'  world  fori  Why  is  it 
HO  hnu.  l"'t  ihiM  last,  jrivat,  rtfinal  cnd^J  It  wt'ins  to  mo 
HO  siiuiih'  when  I  look  up  to  the  <'rncilix." 

Tho  year  hefiae  her  d.'ath  sli»^  thus  writes  to  n  laiesf. 

"()  my  father,  friend,  eoiiid  I  hear  my  last  stable  of  < yh, 

ami  feel  my  last  staue  of  pain,  in  the  tearing-  away  my 
prison  walls,  howeould  I  bearmyjoy!  The  thou-ht  of  L'oin^' 
fiuim',  and  called  l)y  His  will!  What  a  transport!  Hut. 
they  say,  (h)n't  ycai  fear  to  diei  Such  a  sinner  must  fear  ; 
but!  fear  much 'more  to  live,  and  know  as  I  do  that  evtry 
iiiornin.i;  liiids  my  account  but  lenythened  and  enlarued.  I 
dcm't  fear  deathlialf  so  much  as  my  hateful,  vile  self." 

Twelve  years  she  had  now  spent  in  her  retirement.  Dnr- 
ini,'  the  last  four  months  she  was  confined  to  her  room,  and 
her  su.lVennjL'sat  times  were  very  ^n-eat  ;  but  only  umler  obe- 
dience to  her  direj^tor  would  she  submit  to  any  elTort  IVjr 
their  alleviation.  Not  a  complaint  was  t<»  be  heard;  and  if 
throuiih  extrenie  pain  there  escaped  her  an  involuntary  si,uri 
(•f  impatieiice,  she  was  uneasy  until  she  had  received  abso- 
lution. Her  humility  was  asjiveat  as  her  resifi-nation.  One 
of  the  Siste»s  saying  sonu'thing  which  implied  a  hope  of 
goin,!,'  to  heaven  innuediately  after  death,  "Mother  Seton  ex- 
claimed fervently.  "My  blessed  (iod!  how  far  from  that 
thuujjht  urn  1,  ul  Moiug  straight  to  heaven  !  such  a  miserable 


MoriiKn  nf.ixMiMJ/  A\.y  ••••atox 


•Tiilvln  ill 

lllrh  »if  fll«» 
t'd  lit  liitt  f<» 
I    what    sliM 

onr»'.  lliMt 
mill  ill  l^'-'o 
liciil  aft»'ii(l- 
'or  licr  tlilM 
iirk  imssiiu-o 
><,  '*  liiit  lilt; 
aiiily  not  to 
rli,  arul  lii»\v 
What  is  it 
^Vlly  is  it 
M't'ius  to  liie 

to  n  ])i!f'st: 

J(>  of    <'(>ll^ll, 

\i^  away  my 
ij;lit  ofiroiii;^ 
jiort  1  I^iit. 
•  niiisf  fear ; 
f  tliaf  t'Vfiy 
i>nlari;«'(l.  I 
le  self." 
rrifut.  T)nr- 
•r  room,  and 
y  umb'i'  (An'- 
ly  effort  for 
icard;  and  if 
•hmtai'v  sii.ii 
ct'ivt'd  abso- 
lution. OnH 
•d  a  liopt'  of 
itM'  Scton  »'X- 
\r  from  lliat 
li  a  miserable 


rrentiiri'as  T  ntn  !"  Father  Mriilt''  was  ••orMfiiitlv  \tiili  lur, 
mid  Ills  mitihtry  wan  a  Moiifif  of  tlio  iiioHt  ubun<laui  .uiac-i* 
to  iM'r  sold. 

In  llii'se  liiHt  days  %hv  wnn  not  Ifff  without  nlnunlar  <oii. 
solutions.  Shi"  said,  "It  wvnis  as  it  oiir  Lord  nn»l  His 
nii'sscd  Mother  stiiod  conliniiidly  b\  ine,  in  ii  <'or|(ii(ul 
I'Mrm,  to  eoinfort,  rheer,  ntid  en<'oiinim'  nie  in  tlie  dilbitiit 
weury  luul  tedliiiis  hours  (»f  jiain."  M()ie  tliun  evn  did 
Mother  Seton  now  appreciule  tin*  jxiin  c  of  her  eonN<'i>ien. 
n  •iii'4  u-iked  l>y  her  ilirei'tor  what  she  consideird  the  meat- 
est  blessiii!^  ever  bestowed  tllioii  lief  by  <»od,  she  Ulisweied, 
"'I'liat  of  l)ein^  Itmui-hi  int..  ilie  Culliolic  Chnrcli."  And 
s]M'uUinj,'  with  holy  transport  of  tlie  hapi  iiiens  of  dyin.u:  in 
the  arms  of  this  tender  Mother,  slie  added.  ••  How  fi-w  know 

the  value  of  such  a  blessin;ii'  I  " 

Mcin^j;  about  to  receive  th«'  lust  Saeuinients,  she  be^'^ged 
tliut  all  lier  spiritual  <iuu;,diters  luigiit  assemble  in  her  room, 
where  tliey  weie  addressed  ill  her  name  by  the  Uev  Mr. 
I)lll)oisas  follows:  ''Mother  Seton  beiii^'  too  weulv,  cliarp'H 
nie  t(»  reeoinmeiul  to  yon  at  this  sacred  moment,  in  lor 
l)lu('e:  first,  to  be  united  toiX'-ther  Jis  true  Sisters  of  Charity; 
sec(tndly,  to  stand  most  fatlifiilly  by  your  Ifiiles;  thirdly, 
that  1  ask  pardon  for  all  the  scandals  she  may  liuve^i\t'ii 
yon.  thut  is,  for  indnlu'ences  prescribed  diirin^  sickness  by 
nie  or  the  ]»liysicia»iH."  Mother  Seton's  voieo  added,  ••  I 
ntn  thankful.  Sisters,  for  your  kindness  in  beinu;  present  ;it 
this  trial.  He  children  (d"  the  Clnirch,  be  ehildien  of  tin* 
niurch." 

\Vhen  tlie  lust  awful  moment  was  at  liund,  the  Sisters 
pressed  in  un^'uisli  uroiind  the  l)ed  of  their  elu'rished  und 
saintly  Mother.  Her  only  daiiulder  was  faintiiiii"  beside  her 
from  intense  emotion;  but  on  Mother  Seton's  ectiinleniincn 
was  no  sliudow  of  f^rief.  or  doubt,  or  disturbance— all  was 
]>euc(^  tliere.  She  rested  innnovubly  in  the  l.unds  of  (iod, 
repeutiuir,  "  ^fay  tlie  most  just,  the  most  lii^h,  and  the 
most  holy  will  of  (Jod  be  uccouiplished  forever  I "' 

A  Sister  wliom  slie  requested  to  repeat  lier  favorite 
prayer,  "Soul  of  Jesus,  sanctify  me;  Blood  of  Jesus  wasli 


f'lk 


vnmrn  f:r./x.ir,Krn  /i.v.v  fffiroy. 


Ill  >."  •>(i'..  IwiiiK  unuM''  tlirnu^li  hi»i'  nuhn  to  piwowl,  fli-* 
•lylnjut  ludy  IIiihIh"!  If  lii-iM«'ir.  ".Ii'huh.  Maty,  .li.s».p|i : "' 
wi'i't'  Iht  liisf  woi.Ih.  And  finis  jkihsciI  iiwiiy  finm  tiiis 
Wdild,  lit  lallli  uiid  li<»[M'  and  Ihv»',  Mntli.T  Kli/alt'lh  Ann 
Mi»t«»ii.  <m  till*  4tl»  of  .liuiuary,  IHil,  in  flm  f.tify  m-vt'iifli 
yuar  nf  Ihm'  iign. 

Arnidnf  th."  fi'ars  and  laaHMilatli  iiv  of  tlic  wlmlf  C.imtnn 

iilly,  li'T  ii'in  linn  wcii-  carried  Id  tln-lr  la^l  rt'>tin;L;  |>la« n 

the  fu||i>\vin.i  day.  A  itoms  and  a  roMctn'i'  \v»'n>  plaiilt'd  nii 
IkT  tfrav*'.  and  fr  »iii  lnnnnit'ral»l<»  K''it''f»'  li'^i'i^  ^vi-nt  np  to 
heaven  with  the  Adoraiiif  Saciill  ■,«  flu' nnnt  piii<' and  f«'r 
v«Mit  pravf'is  that  \u>Y  sdul  may  rest  In  pcacf.  >\nrt>  that 
tinii'  a  inarl»li<  ninminifnt  lias  ln'cn  raised  uvor  Imt  rfniahiH, 
(in  I  he  f'Mir  »ldt"H  of  whlrli  art*  inHcrilM'd  :  ''To  tin'  iin'inory 
«tf  ]'].  A.  Scton,  Fornnlrt'ss."  *•  Pri-clnnM  In  tin'  Ni.ulif  of  the 
L  »rd  Is  th<' di'.itli  of  His  saints."  '-'I'Ih'  jn^t  sIimII  livf  in 
in't'ilastiii;.;-  rcaii'inliianct'.*'  "Tin-  jii^l  shall  sliiuf  .is  tin' 
mm  In  thf  kingdom  ol'  thdr  I'^atlnT."  .\Md  on  llw  wall  of 
tht«  hninhli'  chanihiT  in  wlih'h  sho  lirt'afhfd  Iut  last  may  1  •> 
lead  tilt'  r<illowinji' insfvlptiun  :  "llcif,  lU'ai' this  door,  hy 
this  llit'-pla(N',  on  a  poor,  lowly  concli,  died  onr  clifilshi-d 
and  saintly  .M  ithcf  Scion,  (»n  tht'4th  «tf  Janmu'y,  IS'il.  She 
died  In  iMivt'ity,  hnt  rich  in  faith  and  ^'ood  works ;  may  we, 
her  children,  walk  in  her  footsteps,  and  sharooni'day  in  her 
hai)pinesM.     Amen." 

lint  little  remains  to  he  .said  of  the  character  of  >rother 
Seton.  It  was  bi*st  express'd  hy  h.>r  slnu;nlar  and  sanctifyiny 
inlluein'e  over  others.  'I'lie  impression  she  ])rodin'ed  hy  her 
h)ok,  hei'  manner,  !ind  her  words,  was  extiaordinary  :  and 
many  instances  are  recorded  which  pr<»ve  the  effect  to  have 
lu'i'n  as  lastinij  as  it  was  powerfni.  \V«'  are  tohl  of  a  p'li- 
tlemtm  whose  two  danjihtt>rs  were  hroni-ht  np  in  her  schod, 
but  who  from  his  early  childhood  had  neulcctefl  all  reliv;- 
lons  duties.  The  chil(lr(>n  had  naturally  followed  his  ex- 
ample; but  were  not  lonj;  inhabitants  of  St.  Joseph' .s  Val- 
ley, before  they  not  (.>nly  learned  the  value  (d"  reliuions  privi- 
lej^os  themselves,  but  earnestly  desired  that  their  beloved 
father  might  share  the  same  bles.sings. 


!' 


li. 


v: 


o  prfk'oiMl,  rli<» 
iiry,  .lit«*t'pli : " 
vviiy  from  tlils 
IHi/!il)>'rli  Anil 
forty  Hi'vi'iifli 

W'tuilf  ('<iIIHIlll 
;"<tillK  pliltt'  on 

••'r«»  pliiiiU'tl  oil 
irtH  wi'iit  lip  to 
l»ur<'  mill  fi'i- 
•«'.  >iii('i'  iliiit 
'1'  }i«>r  rt'iiiiiitiM, 
I'o  til*'  iiifiiiory 

he  Niullt  of  tllf 
if  Mllilll  live  ill 
II    sllilll'   .IS    tin' 

on  tlu'  wall  of 
»'i*  lust  miiy  1 1' 

I'  tills  lion}'.  Iiy 

our  clit'iisln'ii 
iry,  IS-.'I.  Sli.' 
oiks;  limy  we, 
loiuMlay  ill  ln'r 


'tor  of  MotJu'r 
iiiil  sanctify  inn- 
rodiiccil  l)y  litT 
Kii'diiiaiy  :  and 
'  ('ir»'('t  to  liavc 

told  of  iv  ji't'ii- 
)  in  lit'i'  sclioci, 
•(•t('(l  all  it'liLr- 
llo\v»'d  his  »'x- 

.'oscph's  N'al- 
rciiyioiis  privi- 

tht'ir  belovod 


IS 


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23  WEST  MAiN  STREET 

ujcgcTci?  N.y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreprodurtions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microireproductions  historiques 


4. 


f> 


MOTlIf-nt  EUZADhTII  AXN  8ET0X. 


T2G 


Provairm<JC  iipnii  liim  t<»  visit  Mother  Scton,  they  had  the 
fjrcat  consolation  of  lindiim'  that  ht'i"  nia^irnl  inliiU'iicc  won 
his  heart  to  tin;  l:nint'(liattj  tonsidfr;ttion  ol'  his  sttul'.s  salva- 
tion, llcdcclarcd  that  \ir  wonld  willingly  tiavt'J  ^;ix  Imn- 
drcd  miles  to  enjoy  a  virw  of  Motlicr  t-'eton's  eyes,  even 
if  she  did  not  (»pen  lier  liiis  ;  and  lehiminf,'  home,  lie  in- 
stantly, in  a*"  rdanee  with  a  jiroiuise  he  had  made  her, 
l)re|)ared  to  receive  the  Sacraments  of  the  Chnrch,  and 
some  time  after  died  a  liap^ty  death. 

All  who  saw  her  ack?iowled<j;e(l  the  same  charm.  Her 
power  of  lanj^nage  was  I'eniarkably  rascinalin^-;  and  with  a 
;,nfted  and  acc(»mi»lished  ndnd,  and  singularly  rejined  man- 
ner, she  was  fitted  to  adorn  any  circle.  Her  piiiiils  coidd 
scarcely  have  had  a  more  J)eautifnl  model  hel'ore  them,  of  a 
liidy,  a  niothei',  or  a  f'hrislian.  Charitable  and  consider- 
ate for  all  around  her,  she  was  rijiidly  severe  with  herself 
In  diess,  food,  and  observance  of  the  rides,  she  nnsimringly 
mprtitied  her  natural  inclination.  This  was  a  cross  she 
felt  it  imiierative  to  hold  chisely  to  her  lu'art ;  for  it  was 
often  a  severe  effort  to  brinji;  her  will  into  subndssion  to  the 
directions  of  l»er  superiors,  and  she  was  tried  with  an  almost 
continual  sense  of  dryness  in  her  t;piritnal  duties,  lint  her 
faith  triumphed  over  all.  '"  In  the  hour  of  manifestation," 
she  writes  to  her  former  director,  "when  all  this  cross- wo'-k- 
inu;  shall  be  explained,  we  shall  lind  that  in  this  period  of 
our  poor  life  we  are  most  rii)e  for  the  business  for  whidi 
we  were  sent.  While  the  jjlou.Ldiers  go  over  n: ,  then  we  are 
safe.  No  fears  of  jneasin,*,^  ourselves  ;  no  dang'er  of  mistak- 
in;j;  (Jod's  will.  Xo  :  it  T  thought  that  by  investigation  and 
an  appeal  to  superior  authority,  I  should  b>  to-morrow  re- 
leased from  this  ch.ud  «»f  darkness,  yet  I  would  not  take 
one  step.  And  you,  my  dear  master  and  captain  in  tln^  way 
of  the  cross,  you  know  that  my  only  safe  way  (I  speak  for 
salvation)  is  to  remain  quite  still  with  Magdalen.  You 
well  know  that  lie  who  works  my  fatti  has  no  need  of  any 
other  help  from  me  but  a  good  will  to  do  His  will,  and  an 
entire  abandonment  to  His  good  providence.  Let  them 
plough,  let  them  grind,  so  much  the  better— the  grain  will 


m 


720 


MOTIlKll  HLlZMIhTlI  A.\.\  SETOy. 


he  tlii'  sooncv  pr^'paivd  f«)r  its  owin'i-;  wlitMvns,  slioiiM  T  sfep 
forward  and  take  my  own  caus.'  in  liuad,  the  i-'atlicr  of  flio 
widow  and  orplian  woiil<l  say  tiial  I  distrust  Him.  Siiall 
we  mdvf  Hi'li.'nu's  and  plans  ol'  Immaii  li.ppim'ss,  uliicli 
must  1)1'  so  uiKvrtaiii  in  ohtainin;:'.  and  if  obtained  trash 
death:  elerniiy^  Oil,  my  faliier,  sursinn  n>nhi ;  we  juiow 
better  tiiau  to  b:'  elieated  l)ysueh  atlraetions.  No;  wt'vvill 
oll'er  tlie  liourly  sacrilice,  and  drinlvour  cup  to  the  hist  drop; 
and  we,  wlieii*li!asr,  e^cpoI'tln,^•  it,  sliall  enter  into  our  rest." 
Slie  hud  the  hi^liest  veneration  for  tin'  cliaractei-of  ji  priest ; 
and  it  was  remarked  l)y  a  saintly  i»i'elate,  whosi*  own  Jiame 
is  lionored  throii.iih  )iit  tin*  Chuirh  i,i  America,  that  no  one 
over  impressed  Ills  mind  so  forcibly  as  Mother  Sotuu  did, 
Avith  the  idea  of  what  a  triio  ])riest  ou.nht  to  be. 

Much  of  >rother  S;'toii's  time  Avas  devoted  to  writing; 
and  the  I'ev.  Superior  emi)loyed  lier  al)le  i)en  in  preparing, 
from  the  Fn.'nch  asc,  ti(^  literature,  instructions  and  medita- 
tions for  lier  s])iritual  children.  Coiresixuidcmce  with  the 
clergy,  laity,  and  the  parent-'  of  lier  j'Upils,  also  occniiied 
all  the  leisure  she  could  spare  from  iiiori>  important  duties. 

The  foll(»wing  is  one  of  the  very  few  specimens  of  her  po- 
etical <  sions  that  yet  remain.  Tt  is  entitled  "Jerusalem, 
my  happy  home."  and  had  the  gitted  an":  r.aintly  lady  leit 
no  other  writing  of  this  description,  it  would  still  be  sufR- 
cient  to  win  her  the  praise  of  considerable  merit  us  u  poet; 

Jenisiilcin.  my  Imppy  linme, 

How  do  I  fiiu:li  for  llice  ! 
Wlicu  sliiill  my  exile  Inivu  nn  cnu, 

Thy  joys  when  shall  I  see  ? 

"No  suu  or  moon  in  borrowed  lii^ht, 
Kc'\olves  thinii  hours  iiwiiy  ; 
The  lamb  on  Ciilviiry's  mouutiiin  sltila 
Is  thy  cterniil  diiy. 


"  Fron)  every  eye  He  wipes  the  tear  j 
All  sighs  and  sorrows  cease  ; 
No  more  alternate  hope  and  fear  , 
But  everlasting  peace. 


MoriiEU  i:i.i7..\ni:Tii  .ixv  sktox. 


7->7 


<,  sliolild  T  sfpp 
'  I'^iitlicl'  of  fllt» 
<r  Him.  Sliall 
i)l)iiu'NH,  uliicli 
htaincd  tiasli 
rda  ;  wf  know 
,  No ;  wt'will 
>  tlic  hist  (lroi>; 
into  our  vest."' 
tfi'of  ii  pripst ; 
losii  own  )iani(* 
•a,  that  no  cmk^ 
lu'i"  Sotoa  did, 
bo. 

'd  to  -writing; 
II  in  prepaiing, 
ns  and  incdita- 
Ijncc  with  the 
also  occii2ii*'d 
portunt  duties, 
uens  of  her  po- 
■d  "  JtM'Usak^iu, 
intly  hidy  h'lt 
I  still  be  suffi- 
lerit  us  a  poet; 


"Tin-  llioiiuiil  i>f  Tlicr  lo  iif*  \^  Klvdi, 
Our  MinoWH  to  Ix'u'iiilc, 
T'  iiiilicipalc  llic  l)li>>*  of  lli'iivi-n, 
In  liis  ukriiul  Miiilf."  ' 


1  Till  u.iik  iML'iin  l>v  llir  lllii-Mliiii-  Molli.r  Sct.in  lm^  ww  i>ii  Im  ivii-lnu'  t.ii.iircmii  duj.    TIm? 

.■.Iiil)ll-liuii'lil  .11   KliiiuMll-liMl;.'  l--'t f  111!'  ihil>l--l   iiiMl  llMi-l  lujiinrul  In  Mil-  fill!..!  Hliil.'-. 

SoiiM'ihMii'o,  iMmcMr.  lmvr...ninr.l.     In  lH,-i(iiliri Ii.r  h,pii-i'  :il  Ijiiiim  ti-mir;:,  uilliullIlM 

hriilirli  r.lulili-liiii.iil»,  ii"iiliHi!  Ill"  Imlill  «oiii  liy  111.  In  ii.  Ii  Sl-n  r-  nf  t  InrllN ,  :iml  llir  in.  ill- 
lirr-  r.ii.».  .1  Iti.ir  \..hmi.  .niillii.,'  li>  Hi.'  foriiinli''  iiili'l'i.  il  In  tli.'  >-«>i  Icly  ot  si.  Vlii.  .iil  .!.•  I'linl. 
The  Kiiiiii.'li-liiirK  C.iiiiiiiiiillv  li.m  r.iriii^  ii  |.r.)vl.i..'  nf  lli.it  :!iv.il  N.'  I.i>  ;  iiml.  m  |ii'. -.■iil  cmi- 
(lii.l-  1.1.'  iM.iiM-,  1  11.  ml.niy,  :*)  mIkhiI-,  :W  u>yliiiii-,  nml  Mt  li«.-|.li.il-.    Tli.>  sl-t.r- iiiinilur 

iilMiiil  l.'^mi.  ,    ,  ,     .  ,     , 

Til.-  N.vv  Y.itk  Sl-t.'v  of  (liiirlly  .if  St.  Vliir.iit  il.'  IMiil  Imni  ii  -.  |i:iriil>,  Im!  •|i.iiil.  lit  Ixnly, 
■iii.l  ii.iw  niir.-..iii  111.'  Sociciv  U-."  f.Miii<l.'.l  liy  M.hIi.t  s.i.i.i,  Tli.'v  dlir.  t  HI  ii..iil.iiil.-.  is 
wli.Kil-,  l:i  ..iplmii  ,1,-sluiii-,  "ii.i  ■-•  li.i-plliiN.  SMiidliii.'  .it  llir  Ii.m.I  "l  Mi'li'  lii-lliiill<iii-  "f  ''iliKa- 
ti.,lil-  111.'  f;iiii.m-  mail,  i  if  M.miiiI  Siiliit  Vine,  iil  .mill.' llii.l->:i.  Tli.'  Sl-l.T-  iiiiiiilicr  t)()lJ 
iiRinlKi>.-!ii.i;  '■  I\ij)'itar  iMoiu  •'/  Mi  OttlMlk  flutixli  In  th.  VM.J  .SMiS.-'  w  WM- 


St  a 


^ 


CllAKLI'S  (WKKorL  OP  (WRKOLLTOX, 

••Tin:  [.AST  OF  Tin;  sicndhs ,"' 


(Ml  A  I'TKIl    r. 


A  (iUKAT  MAN  S    KAKI.V    VI'.AIS. 


Till'  ('iin'itUfiiiiilhi     liiiili  mill  ohii-dllon  i>i'  ('liiiih>i  Cur- 

fiiU  iif  ('(irriill/oii-lllx   ad  in    iiitpitsltlon   li>   Hniflish 

////•ini.iif/  -  Mttrn'ti.f/  '  —As  if  fftpuh*!'  mlrnrd/c     His  hit  n 

fin'iKiijIit  in    ri'jiinl  In  the  JiieohitiDU—Jtipnal  oj  tha 

hues  (iijaiimt  (Jathidiri^. 

Wlion  ii  youth.  Charlt's  ("liirroll  of  (.'nrrollton  fiidt'avorod 
to  ti'iicfi  his  iiucestry  back  t(»  that  noblo  Irish  CaiTol!  ''\vh(t 
was  chit'C  of  the  name,  and  was  dcfcatpil  at  tlu>  Iiatth'  of 
Knock-Loe  by  (Icrald,  Karl  of  Kildaic,  iu  the  yoar  l.")!*?." 
I^ater  in  life,  it  is  said,  lio  was  content  to  beifin  at  J)aniL'l 
Carroll,  of  Littamourna,  Klnij^'s  county,  Ireland. 

His  grandfather,  Charles  Carroll,  a  son  of  Daniel,  ranio 
to  America  in  1080,  and  settled  at  Annai-olis  in  .Nfaryland. 
He  was  an  accomplished  hiwyer,  and  became  the  agent  of 
Lonl  Baltimore  in  1()8!).  It  was  a  time  full  of  political  and 
religious  troubles,  (/atholics  were  <'ruelly  persecuted,  and 
assumed  to  have  few  or  no  rights  which  the  English  (Jovern- 
ment  was  bound  to  respect.  We  may  justly  credit  Charhvs 
Carroll  with  jiersonal  qualities  of  a  high  (U'der,  sinci;  he  held 
the  agency  for  the  absent  Proi)rietary — a  Catholic  nobleman 


'  Cliiif  iiutlKirilirj  tiscil  •  C'lnrkc,  "  Mciimir  i)f  t'lmrl<'<  Ciirriill  of  CiirrnlUdii  ;  "  I.ii--iiiL'.  "  l.lvl•^ 
■  if  l!u'  SiL'iiiTi  of  till'  Drcliirillioiiof  Iiiilrin'nili'iU'i'  ,  "  I,o>^<iii>.',  '■  Lives  of  Ci'lclinili'il  Aufri'vin-; : '' 
I.,anilic,  '•  llio'_'rii|iliy  of  fliarli's  Carroll  of  fuirollloii ;"  McSliuny,  "lli-torv  of  Marjlaii  1 ;"' 
y.'u'  M(i'j(t:'iiiC  o/Aiiurkan  UUtonj,  Vol.  U.;  "  Journal  of  Chiirk's  Carroll," 

709 


THO 


CIIMit.lls  CMtnofJ.  OF  (WnW'l.l.TOX. 


—  f(tr  Mver  tliiit>   ynuH,  >vltU  liotusly,  fiitiiiu's.s,  and  iiuiiily 

fcilllcSMIlt'SS. 

In  I70J  Fj  ird  IlMltimorn  granted  to  \\\U  ('liaiifs  Caiioll 
l(i,o;i(»  acics  of  land  in  Anne  Anindcl  ('((niily,  Maryland,  tlif 
saint'  innnin;;  from  ii  branch  td'  flic  I'atnxmt  river  to 
Thotnas  Mrown'M  jilantation,  and  (hcnct'to  landmarks  wldrli 
wonld,  we  frar,  Ix'  fonnd  ratln-r  indfllnitcal  (lit'  prcscni.  tiint', 
bcinn  "fonr  Jndian  cabhain.s."  'riicsc  broad  arrcs,  ujtli 
fill'  manor  lioiisi*,  dcsccmU'd  tliroii^li  four  ;;<'nriatioii.s  of 
only  sons,  tin*  third  cd"  whom  was  Mio  famous  Hubjwt  of  this 
wkolcli,  Charlfs  (Carroll  of  Carrolllon  (h»'  jtrt'lix  "Car- 
rollhm"  having  bt-cn  adoptfd  lon^'  bcfor*'  the  Itevolution 
from  a  tract  of  land  in  Fn-dci-ick  county. 

Charles  (.'arroU  of  CarrolUon  was  born  at  Annapoiis, 
:\rarylan(I,  on  the  2nth  (»f  September,  17:i7.'  At  the  date  of 
his  l>irlli,  the  Catholics  were  severely  oppressed  by  those 
oilious  enactments  known  as  i»t'nal  laws.  They  were  even 
forbidden  to  have  schools.  The  .IciMiit  Fathers,  however, 
siicc;n>ded,  without  attracfiiifytheattentioii of  theanthoritii's, 
in  (piietly  opeiiini^  a  grammar  school  at  lioliemia,  on  the 
eastern  shore  of  ^^aryland.  Here  "the  Lastof  tiio  Signers" 
received  tlu!  first  rudiments  of  knowledge. 
.  When  ui)out.eleven  years  of  age,  Charles  was  sent,  with 
his  first  cousin,  John  Carroll,  afterwards  Archbishop  of  Hal- 
timore,  to  the  CoHego  of  the  English  Jesuits  at  St.  Omers, 
I'^rance,  where  ho  pursued  tlie  study  of  tlie  classics  for  si.v 
years,  lie  then  sp(mt  a  year  at  the  College  of  the  French 
Jesuits,  Kheinis,  and  two  years  at  tlie  College  of  Louis  h* 
(Jrand,  Paris.  At  Bourges,  he  passed  another  year  in  the 
study  of  civil  law;  and  in  1757  proceeded  to  London  to  the 
Inner  Temple,  and  earnestly  pursued  the  study  of  comiiKm 
law  for  about  seven  years.  An  accomplished  gentleman, 
with  a  cnltivated  and  mature  mind,  Charles  Carroll  returned 
to  Maryland  in  17()4.  But,  in  the  very  land  of  his  birth,  he 
found  liimself  almost  a  helot  on  account  of  his  faith. 

As  became  him,  he  was  most  earnest  and  active  in  all 

'  Elizabeth  Urooka  was  his  mother'H  muldeu  numi;. 


aiul  manly 

lies  Caiioll 
iryliiml,  the 
nt  rlvci-  to 
iinrks  wliicli 
n'cscni  tiiiH', 
lu-WH,   with 

llt'lJltldllM    ol" 

l>j<'('t  of  this 

irlix    *'(':ii'- 

IJi'Vidutioli 

Annapolis, 
t  till!  diitc  of 
I'd  by  tlioso 
y  woro  cvfii 

'S,    llOWCVCf, 

iuitlioiitit's, 
niia,  on  tlit* 
iio  Sijjnt'is" 

8  sent,  \vith 

sliopof  I'al- 

t  St.  Onicrs, 

ssics  for  six 

tlio  French 

of  Louis  le 

'  year  in  tlm 

mdoii  to  thn 

of  coniinou 

gentleman, 

•oil  ret  II  nu.'d 

his  birth,  hu 

faith. 

u'tive  in  tdl 


cii.inr.Ks  vMUwi.L  of  cAiino/./.roy. 


r.n 


measures  which  were  taken  in  opposition  to  tlie  encroa«  Ii 
iiienis  ol'Cireat   Ihifain.     Wriiiii^  to  liis    friend  (Jnues  in 

I7(l.'>,   .Mr.  (Jarroll  says:   "N'othinjr  can  oven le  the  aver- 

siouof  the  people  to  til  '  Staiuiiiiet,  and  their  love  of  lilieitv, 
bat  an  armed  force.  Twenty  thousand  men  would  Hud  if 
tlilllcult  to  enforce  tlmlaw,  or,  inoro  prop  -rly  siteakin;;,  ram 
li  down  our  throats." 

At  Annapolis  it  was  Charles  Carroll  who  boldly  j,Mve  the 
r.dvice  to  tim  tienddin^  Stewart  t(»  burn  his  vessel,  with  its 
car^'oof  obnoxious  tea;  and  the  brig  was  towed  into  the 
l.arbor,  and,  in  bn.ad  day,  burned  t(.  the  water's  edge,  amid 
the  applauding  shouts  of  the  spectators! 

In  17(W,  .Mr.  CairoU  married  .Miss  .Mary  Darnall.  daugh- 
ter of  Homy  Darnall,  a  kinsman  of  l.ord  llalfiiiKav.  'I'lie 
young  people  luul  been  eiigagt  (I  b-i'  many  years  beb.re. 
Tiie  wedding-dress  had  been  ordered  from  Loudon,  but  be- 
fore the  ceremony  the  lady  died.  The  wedding  dress  thus 
.Si'ut  over  more  than  a  ctuitury  ago,  was  worn  in  ISTO,  at  ono 
ol"  thu  Martha  Washington  i)irties,  then  so  popidar  the 
fabric  almost  untarnished  by  time. 

Two  years  later  we  lind  him  <'ngaged  in  one  of  the  most 
noted  political  contests  of  that  day.  Tnder  thesigmdureof 
the  "First  Citizen,'"  ho  boldly  upheld  the  rights  of  tlm 
people  in  opposition  to  the  aibltraiy  action  oft  Jovernor  '"Iden, 
of  Maryland.  One  of  the  ablest  and  most  liery  lawyers  in 
the  I'roVini-e  became  his  antagonist.  The  result  was  an  prr- 
citing  newspaper  controversy,  rnusual  learning  aiul  ability 
v/ere  displayed  on  both  sides,  liut  Carn.ll,  by  his  close  logic, 
his  keen,  bold,  and  fearless  views,  gained  a  triumphant  vic- 
tory for  the  popular  cause.  From  all  ipmrters  he  received 
congratulations.  His  fellow-citi/ens  of  Annaprdis  turned 
out  in  a  body  to  thank  liini.     But  if  his  oppimeuts  wero 


•The  roftnon  of  Mr.  rarrolPH  fti<nnnilii8  Iho  mm  <h  fUimf  of   "Fln-t  Clllwn"  wn*  tlil«: 

Annum  K\w  iiiill''-t  w.-ittrn  wlio  piil>liily  illscii-Bcd  ilii'  i|iu'i-ti(>ii  nl  l»^'^u•  lirlwccii  the  (i"v- 
tTiKir  itiiil  lln'  i)cc)|,li-  wiiK  oni'  wlin.  laUliii,'  tlir  (ioviTiinr"^  "idf.  |inlill-liril  a  c1Iii1.),mic  lictwi-n  two 
pcr-onx,  Htylcii  llir  "  First  eltlzeii,"  mui  tlic  "  Sitchk!  eltizcii."  'I  \w  •■Scionil  Citizen"  r»'iircHclitc<l 
tlic  liDviTiior'H  hide.  uiid.  of  cmir-i'.  ••  Klrnt  Citiziii'"  wii»  liiully  li.'iit.'ii  on  p  ipcr.  Hut  wluii  Mr. 
(Mrrdll  look  \ii>  tin-  pcopli'-*  cuii-c,  mid  iiKKiiincd  tin'  limiic  of  ilir  vainiiii-lii'd.  lie  wioii  Inrncil  llic 
llili'  of  viilory.  \\\*  able  opponent  wu»  Danlil  Diiluii.v,  K«i„  h!io  wroti'  midiT  the  elgimtiiri"  of 
AntV.ort. 


tsi 


i'iiMUJ:s  cMtuoi.i.  OF  (.ininnj.rox 


unal)li)  to  tiirt't  lih  ri'iiHotiN,  (licy  miilil  iliMi|ily  IiimiU  liiiit. 

"  Pllpht,"  *'  Uollliltlisf,"  ".h'Mlllt,"illMlu|||t'iftiii(lll,V  It'lliicd 
i'l»illi»'ls  ut'if  rii't'ly  tlinnvii  at  HuMulvocalt'  (if  flu*  |(t'o|i|«''s 
rl>;liN.  Callinlh  ily  uais  y\  in  <  niii»  iii|i(.  Ili  iirr,  itfillifr 
tin*  poNiiinii,  wfiilili,  imr  Mi|ii>ii<>f  Mliiralitti  of  (haili'ci 
('ai't'oll  of  Canolltuii  could  Mavn  him  fioiu  tlu*  vocahuliiiy  of 
|-i>li;:intiH  fiiiiaticisin  a  vocaluilary  as  olil  uh  liUtluT,  utid  us 
vile  as  tln'  lowi'si  <ir  liis  followfis. 

Tht'  liapjiy  r»'»*nlt  «)f  this  toiiiiovrrKy  laist'tl  Mr.  Cariolj 
in  thu  fy<'H  ol'  liin  (oiintiytiD'M.  iti*  I.atl  piin«'(l  an  vm lai>h> 
I'ppiitation  as  a  man  of  miicli  ifarnin;:.  sutiiid  piincipli'M,  lilt 
cral  views,  iiml  I't-a! Ifss  intr^riiy  In  I77:i  I  .'»  h«t  in'ifoiiiitd 
an  activf  iiml  prominml  part  in  tin-  mciisnics  of  opposition 
tindn'slstaiu'oon  tin*  i>ait  t»f  Maiylaml  ioilu'aKK'i'''«i>'«^'i*l^'- 
nial  policy  of  Hnnlan.i  dniini,'  those  yrjiis. 

A  Culidii'  l>y  <•  »;iVh'tio  I  ;m  well  as  l>y  «Mln<'iiti(»n,  Mf. 
Carroll,  in  ciMnmou  with  the  Catholic  lioily  ol"  \\w  onntry, 
luul  lit'cn  tan;j;ht  to  revere  tln' Mrcat  principles  of  liherty. 
They  were  familiar  with  the  fad  that  Cardinal  han^Mon  and 
the  Catholic  Marons  had  forced  ih<'  tyrant  .lohn  to  reco^j- 
nizeand  alllrm  the  .1//;///  Cluiihi.  'I'hev  had  been  lan.uht 
to  respect  the  act  of  tin)  8overei;nii  I'ontilV,  Tope  /achery, 
in  denonncin;;  the  tyranny  (»f  hirnlinn  inff/ioiif  i(i)riinnta- 
thtit,  centuries  before  the  Declaration  of  lndep«'ndcrice  uas 
penned.  They  cherished  tlie.sanie  ^ivat  prim-iple,  becanso 
it  was  pnanuljiated  in  that  ^'hirioiis charter  which  theCath- 
olic  Peer,  Lord  Haltimore,  had  i»repared  for  the  Infant  col- 
ony of  ^[aryland.  The  established  recoiiiiition  of  the  ^r,,.at 
prim'iplesof  the  American  Revolution  by  the  hi^hot  Cath- 
olic authorities  for  a^es  will  account  for  the  historical  fart, 
that  the  Catholic  body  of  the  country  in  I77r.  ardinlhf  and 
nnnnit/ioK.sf//  fH\)<>me(\  the  cause  of  freedom  and  po|)uIai' 
rijihts.  In  the  day  of  trial,  the  Catholic  Faith  i»roved  the 
grandeur  (»f  its  jainciples.  It  ]a<Mluc<d  no  Tories— no 
traitors— no  oppressors  of  tln'ir  country  I 

From  the  very  bej^inningMr.  Carroll  ^^rasp.-d  the  prlnci- 
jdes  involved  in  the  c<mtest,  and  atlvocated  complete  inde- 
pendence.    We  are  told  that,  as  early  as  1771,  when  con- 


;  iiiMilt  liliti. 

IlilllN   Iflillftl 
flu«  |tf<)|i|«>'t4 

I  IMC,  iifitlifr 

of    (luillt'M 

ociiliiilaiy  of 
itliiT,  uihI  us 

Ml'.  Clin ••II 
I  till  finiiiMc 
•iiK'iplt'M.  lilt 

Mt  pt'lful  IIH'il 

)f  <ip|i<iHitii)ii 
{ivMsivufohi- 

iir.'Uioii,  Mr. 
tlif  uiiiiliy, 
M  of  IllM'ity. 
riMii^rtuii  aiul 
till  to  rt'co^- 
bci'ii  tiiii.ulit 
i\w  Ziiclu'ry, 
t  r(f>r(S( Ilia- 
u'tidiTicc  was 
ipic,  bt'caiise 
liili  tlicC'ath- 
lo  infant  col- 
,  (tf  (lie  ^ncat 
ii;ili('.-t  Catli- 
istorical  fact, 
urdcnihf  and 
and  po|)ii]ar 
h  ])i'ov»'(l  tlui 
>   Tories— no 

d  tlio  princ'i- 
(niplctc  indf- 
1,  when  c'on- 


(7/.l/.7./>  (Mlliof.r.  OF  rAttlinf/.ToX. 


7afl 


viTtln^r.  on  nm*  orrrtMlon.  with  Mr,  CliaM-.th.'  latt.-i  riniailiid: 
"Cnnoll,  ue  has«'  the  liettiidl'  our  oppoiimis  u.-  havi» 
eonipi.'t.-ly  wrlii.ii  th.-in  down."  "  Doyoii  think,"  returned 
Mr.  Carroll,  'Mllllt  wrilillKwlll  settle  the  (iliestlon  between 
UH<"  "'I'ohe  sure,"  ivpli<dlhf  oth.-r.  "  What eN*. ran  we 
resort  to  J  "  The  Itayoiici."  was  tlM-aiiswi-r ;  "our  aiiruiiieiits 
will  only  raise  ihe  feelings  of  tlie  peoplf  to  that  piteh.  when 
open  war  will  he  ioo|<fd  upon  as  the  arbiter  of  dispute." 

of  the  Uevolutionaiy  War.  hisltrave  words  writti-n  in  I77:J 
to  Mr.  tJravt's  were  truly  piophi-  ir,  ami  showcil  with  what 

line  forfcast  In- ju.li,'.' I  lie'  Ai lean  i pie.    "The  Ibilish 

troops,  if  sent  Iiere,"  lie  wntte,  "  will  be  masters  but  of  tin* 
.spot  on  whieh  they  eiieamp.  They  will  lind  naiijiht  but 
eiH'niies  before  and  b.'hind  theni.  If  w.-  are  beatm  in 
ilie  plains,  we  will  retire  to  our  niouiilaiiis  and  defy  tln'in. 
N.-eessiiy  will  foree  ns  to  exertion,  until  tin  d  ofeonibatinir  in 
vain  a;rainst  u  spirit,  wiiieh  viefory  after  victory  cannot  sub- 
flue,  your  .iiniirs  \\ill  c\acuateoursoil.  and  y<tnr  country  re- 
tire  an  iinuicnsc  loser  tidui  the  contest." 

.Mr.  Caiioll  took  an  active  part  in  tlien'peal  of  the  odious 
laws  iiKidiHt  Catht»lics.  Thosi*  enactments  still  dlsmaced 
the  statute  b(»oU.  Ill  177.")  he  was  appointed  a  niemlier  of 
the  .Maryland  "  ('i>niiin'f/ir  fo  /tn /><m  n  (hrhnnlliiii  nf 
rhjlih  ainl form  nf  d'ormnii'  )tf/»r  f// is  S/tifr."'  The  result 
was  that  tile  >j;reat  jirinciple  of  civi'.  and  relijjrioiis  liberty, 
established  by  L  .nl  IViltimoie,  was  again  restored  "in  tho 
Land  of  tile  Saiu-tiiary." 


f 


CIIAPTKII  TT. 

TIIK  VI^IT  TO  TANAHA. 

Vonui>>is„pnnhttH  tIntrvuiuiiilHHiomrH  to  rhil  Ctiiofla- 
InHlinvliniiM  Tin-  rummixHioiurH  hnrv  AV/r  Yoik  nii 
i/tvfr  inti/ fo  i'minilii  H.rfnir/y  //out  (\in»irs  "./u,n 
fitl/"  i'i>lhr  lliiihun  -.U  Mhoiin  ■  VislliiKj  Ihr  l-\illn 
oti  (In- Muhnn^k  Mnnn' s  "  Uiuh'^-M  M»„huil  /•:j> 
aiiiiitinu  IhirninllNnii  of  ajrau'n-iht  lln  inn/  /torn— 
htiliiit  o/t/ii  inixttion* 

In  iifTotdimM'  with  ii  r<'^«>liiti<.ii  nf  f'nnf:it'««M,  i-nily  In 
IT7<5.  H.'iijiiiiiiii  l-'ranUliii.  Samii-l  (Miiih...  iitnl  CliiiH.s  (';.r- 
roll  of  ( 'iirn.IIti.il  w.-iv  <liily  (•omini«<Ni-.ii.>.|  t..  ir|.!iii' to  Ciiii- 
n.la  In  onl.-r  "to  pioniot.'  «'r  t<.  I'«>iiii  a  iiiii«»ii  iMtwi-t-n  tlu> 
(•olonl.'H  an<l  tli.'  iKM.pl.x.f Catuida."  TIu-m.'  ^.Mitl.'ni.n  fe- 
r..|v»'(l  tlu'lraini.W' iii^tnictiuns  on  tln'  ','ntli  ..f  Manli.  nn.l 
w.T.'  iicromi.ini.Ml  l.y  tli.'  U-'v.  .lolm  CaiTull,  uft.TN\anl,H 
lirsf  HislK.panil  AicIiMhIk.i.  of  Haltimoiv. 

AiiH.iigoth.T  thiiiuH  tli.TonmiiMMlonf'i'H  wiTo  toM  to  n-)). 
ivs»«nt  t(»thol'!Uii»«liaiiH  thatHic  nnns  ..f  th.'  Initcd  ('(.In- 
ni.'s  ha. I  Imm'Ii  cani.-d  int..  tliat  piovinc..  for  th.-  i.uii.(.h..  (.f 
frustrating  th.'  .h'si^ns  (.f  th.'  Kurdish  (Jnv.'nnii. 'lit  against 
,.,ir  cuinmoM  lilH-rth-s;  and  that  wo  oxiHTt.'d  rmt  (.nly  to 
di'ffat  th«»  ht.stih'  niarliinatloiis  of  (Jovn-nor  Call. 'Inn 
airainst  us,  but  that  we  shoiihl  put  it  in  th.>  pow.-r  of  oiir 
('anadian   hivtlir.'ii  to  piirsii.'  sucii  m.-asiiirs  l"..f  scciiiin^' 

tii.'ir  own  fr h.ni  an. I  happiii.'ss  as  a  j^.-nerous  h)V,'  of  llb- 

(.rty  and  sound  p.dicy  should  diotaro  to  fluTU. 

Th.'V  were  difiM-rod  to  d.-daiv  that  w  held  sacif.l  tli.» 

ri'dits  of  consci.'n.'.':  iind  should  pmniis.'  to  the  whole  pco- 

i,h...f  Canada,  soh-ninly,  in  the  naiiuMd"  Con-rn'ss,  the  frco 

luid  un.listiubc'd  t-xorciso  of  Hioir  religion  ;  und  to  thocloriry 

734 


C//.I 


tMiiioiJ.  UP'  cMiitotj.Tny. 


II'n  "Jiiitr 

tf  f/ir  h\llln 

ilniil     hlv- 
»H,  iMily  III 

|i!lirtn(':il|. 
iH'tWft'll   tilt* 

iillt'im  II  to- 

M:inli,  iiiwl 

iiftcrwiiKit* 

lold    tn  r('|>. 
niU'd  ('(»!<•- 

Iilllposp    (if 

iji'iit  ii^iiinst 
not  (»iily  to 
or  Ciiilt'ltin 
owcr  of  our 

I'ol-    !^('Clllill^' 

I  lovt'  of  in»- 

1  Hficrt'il  thn 

(•  whole  Jico- 

r»'fiH,  the  fi't'o 

tolhi'C'k'r^ry 


ft»f»  fiilt,  p^M'fMOf,  iiml|Mmr»»fthli»po«M»NPilttn  ami  I'fiJoyttu'Dt  of 
all  llii'it-  I'Htuti'H. 
TJH-y  w«»r«»  nU<»  j|«'Mlrf'<l  to  pr»'>«>«  for  ii  romfnflojj  of  \\w 

!•  oplf  ultlili  woiihl  hl'lll^  iilioiit  II  llllioll  v\ill>  tlio  AliM'I'i- 
run  fo|..nl»'<4.  Tln'  tfini>  of  tli"  union  hIiuiiIiI  W  sjinliiir  t«» 
fllosp  of   tin*  otllt'l- rulolilcs;   anil,  If  oiir  hi  lin  \\<l«>  il<r.'(l«'«l 

to,  tju-y   wi'i*'  to   [•loinlhu  our  ili-fi-nm'  of   tin*  I'aiiMlliin^ 

ituaiiiMt  all  «in«'nili>:><. 

.\iin.'<l  with  lli»'li'fr.minh«lon  and  Instnictloi  Mm- fnmoiifi 
tr;i\i'h'is  l.'ff  N..\\  York  City  on  tin-  •.'<!  of  Apiil,  l>ut  wi-ro 
iiiMily  a  month  in  ii-arhln;<  Montn-iil. 

'I'Im*'  followinu  ••il''f  •'KtriHtM  from  tin-  ".loiirniil  >f  Cliarl.'s 
(;.in'oll  I'f  Carrollion  ilnrlnK  III"*  vhit  to  {  .madii  in  I77ti,  as 
oni' of  iIh' t'oiiimhsiniH'iH  from  Toii-rr. ••*><,"  a  work  now  out 
of  prir.t.  ami  very  haul  to  lin<l,  m.iy  ho  of  IiiLtmhI  to  »lio 
rt'aih'r  at  this  point: 

•'•i'/  .1/'///,  17TU.  li«  rt  X.'W  V«)rk  at  fl  o'rlork  V.  M.; 
Ntilh'il  up  North  rivt'i.  or  Ilii<lson*.H,  that  aftrrnoon  ahoiit, 
thirtot'ii  iiiilfs.  AIm.iiI  oiu'  tM'lock  In  tin-  iiiglil  wfiH 
iiwaki'd  l»y  tin'  liriiiK  of  cannon;  lu'aid  tlm-o  j^rnit  Kunsdis. 
tliKtIy  from  thf  Axiti;  noon  sawa,'ir«'at  tin',  whlrh  wf  pro* 
Hiian-d  to  Im' a  hoiis»'  ctii  Ufdioc's  Islanil.  set  on  lire  hy  a 
dflachim'iit  of  our  troops.  Init'lliwoncf  had  ln-tn  received 
that  the  enemy  were  ihrowliiK  up  intrenchnients  on  that 
island,  and  It  had  Itei-n  determined  hy  our  generals  to  drive 
them  o!T.  I>r.  Franklin  went  ui»nn  deck,  and  saw  wavinir 
tlayhesof  llj^Mit  Mppi'ariair  suddenly  ami  di«*!ippeariiiK.  which 
he  conjectured  to  he  th»'  lire  of  iiius(pieiry,  although  ho 
cituld  not  hear  tiie  report. 

"7///.  Weighed  anchor  this  morning  ahoiit  six  «»  .-lock. 
Wind  fai:-.  having  passed  over  the  ov<'rslaw,  had  a  distinct 
view  of  Alliany,  distant  ahout  two  miles.  Laiidi'd  at  Al- 
hany  ut  half-past  sevon  o'clock;  received  at  landing  hy 
(I'fuvrtif  S('/tni/f('i\'  who,  understanding  we  were  comin,'?  up, 
came  from  his  h«»use,  ahout  a  mile  out  of  town,  to  receive 
us  luid  invite  us  to  dine  with  him ;  he  bclmved  with  great 


I  (I r:il   I'lilllp  Sc  liiiUiT  «iH  one  nf  111..  miMt  ill»tlni{ul'lii'il  •hIiIUt"  i.f  tin-  U<'Voliill>iii.    Ho 

WM  twrn  nt  Albuny  lu  Itiiti,  ituU  Ulvtl  In  ItttM. 


lil 


.-V 


7'M 


cn.\iir.K<  cAjnio/.f,  or  cmiudi.i.tox. 


civilily:  lives  in  itK-rty  slylf,  I.ms  two  (iMiiubtfrs  (Betsy 
and  IV-uuvK  lively.  aureeaMe.  Idack cyeil  ,iiiils.  Aihaiiy 
is  situated  iiaitly  on  a  level,  and  iciilly  on  the  slope  dj'  ji 
liill,  oi' risin,;:' jj,roiind.  on  the  west  side  dj'  iiie  river.  \'es- 
t*els  di'a\\i»',u'  eiylit  and  nine  IVet  water  may  come  to  All>aii\. 
and  live  miles  even  l>eyond  it.  at  tins  seastni  of  the  yeai\ 
when  the  waters  are  oat.  The  foil  is  in  a  iiiiiions  niadi- 
tion,  and  not  a  siniile  nun  mounted  on  it,  'i'hi-re  are  more 
houses  in  this  town  than  in  Aniiiipolis.' and  '  believe  it  to  l)e 
much  r.iore  iiopulons.  The  citi/.ens  chielly  s[»e:d\  iMitdi. 
beinu'UiostlN  thedesceiahiiits  of  Duichmen;  l>iit  the  Kn^lisU 
lan.uuaiiv  and  manner:'  ar>;   I'etlin,;;  n-round  apace. 

•0///.  Left  .Vlhany  early  this  morniiii:.  ami  traveled  in  a 
wau'on  in  company  witli  .Nfrs.  Schiiyhr-r.  hei-  two  ( hi nul iters, 
and  (Jenerals  SclmyhM-  and  Thomas.  At  s'.\  miles  from  Al- 
bany I  ((nitte(l  Mie  wau-on.  and  uot  on  horseha-k  to  accom- 
pany the  (ienevals  to  view  the  falls  on  the  Mohawk  river, 
called  the  ('oho(»es.  The  perpeiidicidar  fall  is  seventy  four 
feet,  and  the  breadth  of  the  river  at  this  ]tlace.  as  measured 
by  (General  Schuyler,  is  one  thousand  fct.  The  fall  is  con- 
siderably above  one  liundred  h'ct.  tiikeii  from  tln^  lirst  rip- 
ple or  still  warer  above  the  perpendicular  fall.  The  liver 
was  swollen  with  the  melt int?  snows  and  rains,  ami  rolled 
over  the  fri.iih.tfid  precipice  an  imiietiums  torrent.  'I'lu- 
foam,  the  irreirularities  in  the  fall,  bioken  l)y  projectinsr 
rocks,  and  the  deaienin.n- noise,  presented  a  sublime  l)ut  te- ri- 
fyiiii;'  spectacle.  At  lifty  yards  from  the  i.Iace  tin  \  .  I.  .• 
drop"i>ed  from  tlie  trees,  as  it  d>.'s  fivm  a  i)lentiful  sho\N  r, 
they  beinsi  as  wet  with  the  asceiidin,-'  vapor  as  tliey  com- 
monly are  after  a  smart  rain  of  some  continuance.*' 

The  iireat  poet  Mo(nv  also  \isited  these  falls,  and  nsed 
his  charmed  r.eu  to  immortalize  the  scene.  The  foih.wiii.'r 
are  his  -  Lines  written  at  the  (N*hos.  (U-  Falls  of  the  Mohawk 


river 


From  rise  of  iiMrn  till  >i't  if  s\in 
I'vc!  seen  llic  ini:;iity  Mnli  iwk  nm  ; 
Anil  as  1  marUM  tli>'  kimlN  <if  iiiuc 


cirAni.!:s  cMiuo:.!  or  r.Muvn.i.roy. 


40i 


liters  ( Bcfsy 
Is.  Allt.'iiiy 
it>  sldpf  of  ;i 

livci'.       \rs- 
»•  to  AI1>!111\, 

(»r  lilt'  yi'iir. 
iiiiiiis  ciimli- 

i'lC  ill't'  llinrt' 
licve  it  1(1  Im" 
pcnk  Piitcli, 
t  rlM'Kii^lisli 
'(\ 
tivivclcil  in  a 

(t  (iMIlnlltt'VS. 

lilt's  fi'diii  Al- 
"k  to  iK'cnni- 
ihiiwU  livt-r, 
s('V«'iit\  I'lMir 
ns  nK'Msiii'fd 

IC   I'mII    is  Cnl'- 

tlit>  liist  lip- 
1.     'I'll.'  liv.-r 

S,   Mini    I'dllrd 

oiTfiit.   'riu- 

)y  ])ri',ji'ctin;r 
iiii<'l)Ut  !('•  A- 
ICC  the  V,.  t<%' 
til'iil  sli(»\\  •!•, 
is  \]u'y  com- 

lis,  and  iisfd 

'ho  follow i:\',r 

till'  Mohawk 


AliiiiiT  li;«  iniiiMi'  iliiiklx  Miiiii', 
I,iki't;ill  MrrI  L''iii>iii\  rnnii-  IIimI  puss 
lli'l'iHi'ilii' wi/.iiiir>  niiiliiiglil  ,uIii»h; 
Aiichi^  I  vicwd  il  <•  liuM'.vinii  |iiui; 

Willi  wliirli  lie  lim  III-  llllliiil  liicc, 
ItU-liilii!  mIiUc,  lilitiril  ;ilii|  Willi, 

'riin>ii-li  «liii(|i's  iliMi  I'nuvii'il  iiml  lldwcrs  that  srail'd, 

l''l_\  iiiL'  I'.v  I'vcry  jrrccii  ic(i>s 

Tli;il  wiid'iI  him  lit  its  culiii  ('l||'l>^s, 

Yil,  Miimlinio  liiiiiiiii;  Willi  llir  wind. 

A- if  lc>  li' ivr  dill' litiiU  liiliiiiil.-- 

on  li:i\i'  I  ilmiiiilii.  iiiiil  tiiiiiki'iL'' >iuli'il, 

IIkw  liUi'  to  ilici'.  tlidii  n>il(->  liijc, 

M:iy  ill-  liii'  liil,  llii"  life  111   liiiii 

Wlin  i(i:iiii-  iiliiin;  tl'i'  walci  ;■  liiini  ; 

'l'liloil.;li  wliiil  iil'iTHilc  \Mi>.lr>  III'  woi; 

Ami  tliiwi'is  (if  jiiy  my  |i:ilii  iii:iy  ;:(i  ; 

IIcpw  iiiiiny  11  shi'lii'i'd  caliii  nliiat 

Mas  Willi  iln'  wliili'  my  wiMiy  trit, 

\Vliilf  siill  parsitiiiur,  slill  liiilik'st, 

I  wander  mi,  nor  dare  to  ifsl  : 

Hut  iii'iicnl  ;h  llii'diiiiin  Ihaf  {•all!4 

Thy  waliM-  in  ils  dr>liii'd  I'mIIs, 

1  IVrl  till'  wiald's  l)cwililiTiii,i;  Uirvii 

Hurry  my  lirail's  dcvulcd  (•(•uinc, 

Frmii  lap^i' 1,1  Inp'C,  tilllilV' III' done, 

And  I  lie  >iicnt  iuii'(.iit  ccaMj  In  lun. 

Oiii' (inly  prayi'i- I  dare  Id  maki', 
As  onward  liiiis  my  (■(iiir,'<o  I  lidiL'  ; — 
<)  I  111'  my  falls  as  Iiriirlit  as  ihinc, 
^lay  Hcavi'irs  ri'li'iiiinu  riiiiilinw  shine 
rjiiiii  ilii'  misi  ihiit  lirclis  me, 
As.s()ti  as  IKJW  it  liaiiLi's  n'cr  tiico  I' 

"20///.  .  .  .  From  liii  Praivio  yon  i:'o  shmtiiiirdoAvn  tho 
river  to  Montreal;  this  jiassairt'  is  <'<iiii])iit<'d  six  miles. 
Ihisii.nh  the  river,  in  a  direct  line  across  rr(;ni  the  eastern 
shore  t  >  the  town,  is  not,  inoi't>  than  tiiree  miles.     Ships  of 

I  T^i-.r-  h  11  ilri'iir.v  an:l  s:iv;i'r,' clirii'.'ii'l  T  in  tlir  ronntry  liiiiiirili;iti'ly  .■iliu.i!  ilic-r  l-'iill".  wir'-'i 
i>  Miuli  iiiorc  In  li:iniii>:i.v  Willi  lln' wlliliio-  cif  such  ti  sccih'  iIimm  ilu'  ciilllMilrtl  l!inil«  in  Ih.' 
iiriL'liborliiiiiil  iif  Nia'_'.ir.i.  Scr  tlii'  ilnuiii  r  li'  ilivm  in  Mr.  V.'fl  T-  liimk,  .VicnriiiiL'  l"  liini,  Ci  ' 
jHTpi'Milictilar  liiiL-liI  iif  till!  CiiliiH  Fall  i-  lifl.v  fi'il  ;  Imt  l!n'  Maniuis  di'  (■h,i~lrllii>:  inalsi'-  it 
wvi'nlv-six. 

'I'lii'  lliii'  raintimv.  wliicli  i-^  (':ri!i-ni'lv  f();-:n:nj  ami  ilis-nlviiiu*.  a"  Cii'  snra-,-  ri-:""  i"'"  ''<  ■ 
li'.'lil  (if  till'  sun,  Im  iiiTliajis  lliu  iiiu-:  iiiUTt'sliiii,'  bvanly  wiiii'h  Ciesj  ■.viiirJi.'ii'iil  catiirai'ts  f.sliibit. 
—Moon's  nok.  • 


7:18 


ciiAULEs  r.iiiiior.L  of  c Minor j.roy. 


M 


tlirt'c  liundivd  tons  ciiii  viwwv  up  to  Muiitrfal;  l»iif  tlicy  <'!iii 
U(»t  u't't  upubdvr  tilt'  town,  or  <>v«'ii  alu'cnst  of  it.'    Tin  rivt  i 
wlit'ivwcci'osMcd  is  tilled  witll  focks  ;ui<l  slioids.  which  occii- 
sioii  ii  very  i!ii»id  ciiririir  in  scvcfid   plMct's.     \\\\  were  rc- 
rt'ivcd  liy  (u'lici'id  Aiiiold,  on  our  liindinu'.  in  the  most   po- 
litf  ;ind  ('I'icndly  niiinnt'i':  coiKinfifij  to  ln':idi|n:irt<'rs.  wlicn 
a  jiit'iltt'ol  coinpiiny  of  lndifs  md  fimtlcinciihad  assiMnblcd  to 
■vvclconif  our  ai'iival.     Ab  wo  went  from  ilic  landin-i-plaa.'  to 
the  (it'iici'Mrs  liouso,  the  cannon  of  tlif  citiidcl  lircd  in  com- 
pliment   to  us  as  till'   (':)iMiiiission('i'.s   of  Connicss.      Wo 
8iipp"dat  tluMii'ncrars,  and  aft<Msui>pi'i'  were  conducted  Ity 
th»'(fonofaland  other  uvntlcmcn  to  (Mir  lodo'in^s  -  the  liousc! 
of  Mr.  Tiiomas    Walker  -the  best    built,  and  ]>eiliaps   tho 
best  furnished  III  this  town. 

'■'•VMli  iMiti/).  1  went  to  St.  .FoliiTs  to  examine  into  the 
state  of  that  <rarrison,  and  of  the  batteaiix.  Tlieu'  I  met 
with  iieniM-nl  Tlioiiii)sou  and  Colonel  Sinclair,  with  part  oC 
Thompson  s  bii.uade.  That  ev«'niii,u'  I  went  with  tlieni  dowu 
the  Sor<'l   to  Chamblay. 

'••Jl.sv  (.'/<///).  This  (hiy  ^fr.  Chase  set  olT  with  me  for  tho 
nioiith  of  t!i(^  Sorel :  we  embarked  from  .Nbmtreal  in  oiu'  of 
our  batteaux,  and  went  in  il  as  far  as  tlu'  point  of  laiul  on 
th-' north  shoi'e  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  to  the  north- 
ern extremity  of  the  Island  of  Monireal;  here,  the  wind 
bein"'  auainst  us,  we  took  post  and  traveled  on  the  north 
side  of  the  St.  Lawrence  as  low  down  as  I^a  Noi'e,  where  U(^ 
p)t  into  a  canoe,  and  Mi.-re  paddled  down  and  across  the  St. 
Lawrence  to  our  cam[»  at  the  mouth  of  the  Sond.  It  was  a 
perfect  calm.  The  distance  is  com[>uted  at  nine  miles.  The 
country  on  each  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence  is  level,  rich,  and 
thickly  seated:  indeed,  so  thickly  se;ited  that  the  houses 
form  almost  (»ne  continual  row.  In  ^oinu'  from  l^a  Nore  to 
the  month  of  the  Sorel,  we  passed  l)y  Urown's  battery  {  as  it 
is  called},  althouiih  it  never  had  a  cannon  mounted  on  it. 


■TlKTO  lm!<  ln'cii  'I'l'f''  "  •I'l'"'-'''  J'im-cIliciilKivi'Wiiswritti'ii.    Moiitrciil  N  iki«  lln'  liciiil  of  f\\\\t 

niivlL'!iiii)ii  i>ii  tlic  SI.  l/iwri'iici.;  1  (.(TMii  virMiir.  r- iKil   (inly  of  ••ilirri;  Immln-il  tons"  liiil  of 

thri'f  tlKiii-iiiiil  toii>  li.-  iiloiii^sidf  W*  i^lilcndUl  ^lonu  wliiirTUK. 

•  Thi'  KiclieliiMi  rhor. 


cirAnrj:s  cMmoiJ.  or  cAnnor.i.ros. 


780 


(lit  tlK'v  Clin 
.'    Til."  rivM 
.  wliich  (x'ca- 
\\\^  were  ic- 
tlu'  most    pn- 

iirtiTs,  wIk'K 
asstMiiMcd  tn 
(liiifi-jihu'c  to 
llicd  in  coiu- 

ll^lCSS.  \V(f 

'ondiictcd  liy 
;s — tlm  lioiise 

iJClllJlpS    llio 

line  into   tlu.' 

'I'licii'  I    met 

Avitii  i»:irl  ot 

h  tliciii  ilowh 

itli  me  fort  ho 
r«>id  ill  oiu'  of 
it  ol'  luiul  oil 
to  the  uoitli- 
Mv,  the  wind 
on  tlio  north 

II*-,  whtTf  \V(? 

ncroMS  the  St, 
(d.  It  was  a 
e  inih's.  'i'iio 
■vcl.  rich,  and 
It  the  hoiis<'s 
II  l/i  Norc  to 
battery  {  as  it 
ounted  on  it. 


i  iKiw  llii'  hcnil  of  flilp 

llllMlln-ll  tolls"  lllll    of 


To  tills  battery  witlioiil  a  cannon,  and  (i»  a  siimle  ui»n- 
<h»hl,  tell  or  twehe  vessels,  iiiuhr  the  cnininand  of  ('((hmel 
I'i'e.scott,  siirri'iKh'ied.  Major  Mroivii,  wiien  thn  vessels 
came  near  to  his  liaitery.  sent  an  ollicei- on  hoard,  reijnestini^ 
I'rescott  to  send  anoi  heron  shore  to  \  iew  liis  works.  Ii  isdil'- 
liciilt  to  deterniiiie  which  was  the  <;reatest.  the  iiiiiHKh'iiee 
of  Mrown  ill  (U'lnandin.i^  a  surrender,  or  the  cowardice  of 
the  (iliicer,  who,  ,i,niiii,i;  back  toPrescott,  represented  thedif- 
liiailt.y  of  i>assiii<;-  the  lialtery  as  so  i^reat  and  ha/ardoiis  that 
Prescott  and  all  his  oilirers  chose  to  capitulate.  I'luwii  re- 
([iicsted  the  olllcer  who  went  on  shore  to  wait  a  little  until 
lie  saw  the  two  thirty  two  iioimders,  which  wne  within  half 
a  iiiile,  coinini:;  from  (Mianiblay  ;  says  he:  '•  If  yon  should 
chani'e  to  escape  this  battery,  which  is  my  small  battery, 
I  have  a  j^rand  battery  at  the  month  of  the Soicl,  which  will 
infallibly  sink  all  ycair  vessids."'  His  izrand  battery  was  as 
badly  piovitled  with  cannon  as  his  littlebattery.  for  not  a 
single  ifiiii  was  mounted  in  either.  This  Trescott  treated  our 
pi-isoners  with  ureat  insolence  and  brutality.  His  behavior 
jnstilies  the  old  observation,  that  cowaids  are  .u'eiierally 
cruel.  We  found  tlu^liscipline  of  onr  camp  veiy  remiss, 
ami  everythiiiij,'  in  confusion,  (bneral  Tlionns  had  but 
lately  resi^iKMl  the  coinmand  to  Thompson,  by  whose  activ- 
ity tliinus  were  soon  put  on  a  better  footinir. 

":.'!>//m.1Av/).  We  left  Montreal  thisdayat  ! hive  o'clock, 
to  o,,  f,,  CliamlOay,  to  be  j^resent  at  a  council  oi  war  of  the 
L'-eiieial  and  lieldollii-ers,  for  concertiii,i;  the  operations  of  the 
campaiirn. 

":?0///  (.]////).  The  <'ouncil  <.f  war  was  held  this  day, 
and  di'termiiied  to  maintain  i»ossession  of  the  country  be- 
tween th'.'  St.  Lawrenc.>  and  Sorel,  if  jxissible  ;  in  the  mean- 
time to  dispo.se  matt. 'IS  so  as  to  make  an  orderly  retreat 
out  of  Canada. 

""JniK'Xsf.  Trossed  over  this  mornini:  to  St.  John's,  where 
(teneral  Sullivan,  with  f(»nrteen  hundred  men,  had  arrived 
in  the  night  of  the  ;?|st  past:  saw  them  all  under  arm-'. 
It  becnii  to  rain  at  nine  o'ch.ck,  and  continueil  lainiiig 
very  luml  until  late  in  tlio  evening  ;  slept  at  Donaho's. 


I 


I 


I 


74(» 


aiAHLES  VMIKOU.  OF  CMiliOLLTOX 


**:V/.  .  .  .  Gottorrown  Potiif  (X.Y.  i  nt  lialfpMsf  six 
(M'lnck  1'.  M.  Set  dlV  !ir,  "iirlif.  r<>\v»'<l  nil  ni-ilil,  ;iii<l  ;ini\t(l 
iif  (.IK'  o'clock  in  the  ni^lit  Jit  Tic(»ii(lcioiiii,  whcri!  we  I'oiind 
({cnci'iil  Sclinylcr. 

"('.///.  r;ut('<l  with  titMifViil  Schiiyh'i' this  nioniin.u' ;  ln' 
rctiiiiicd  to  l<'oit  (Ji'ori'c.  oil  liiiUc  <ic<>iu('.  \Vc  iddc  to  Snin- 
touii.  wlii'ic  wc   u'ot  l)y  seven  o'clock,  hul  iliil  not    lind  tln' 

jindiiMe  fiiinily  ni  h<»nie.     We  wer mstriUiied  to  renciu 

hi'iN-  idl  this  diiy,  wailin.L;  t he  iiirivnl  of  our  servants  and 
ha,i:,!i'!i,u'e. 

"',»///.  Arrived  at  New  \<irk  at  one  o'clock  v.  m. 
Waite(l  on  <Jeneral  Washinuton  at  Motier's:  saw  (ieiierals 
(fates  and   I'ntnani.  and  my  old  aciinaintunce  an<l   iiieiid, 

Mr.  Moylan." 

it  is*  hardly  necessary  to  add  that  t!i'- visit  of  Charles 
Carroll  of  Caiiollton  and  liis  fellow  coc.nnissioners  to  C:,n- 
juhi  failed  in  its  ol)ject  ;  l-nt  the  fadMif  was  not  owin^'  to 
the  want  of  /eal.  al.ility,  or  any  oiher  (inulilication  or.  ihe 
part  of  the  envoys. 


:iir-l.!ist  siv 
rt!  wu  I'diiiul 


Iddf  to  SiiiM- 
lot  lind  till' 
I  to  i'<'iii:.iii 
ervuiits  and 

dock    I'.    M. 

WV    (iflH'I'ills 

and  I'rit'iid, 

of  (Miiirlcs 
nrrs  to  (':.n 
»t    owin-j,'   to 
ition  oi;  llu; 


niAl'TKIi    [IT. 

OI.AN'CT.S    Al'    A\    II.I.I  STKIOI  s    CAIIKKi;. 

Patriitlh'  lithois  ill  Miiii/liiiifl—Klfiiiiii'i  l/ir  iiiiiiiorftii  Drr- 

/tH(i/ti)ii  -'(//i'iu.//xi.s  If/'  .Ui.  ('(inri/rM  iHihllc  llj'i  ///.* 
<'/i(iitifhr  ns  >i  im'tlli'  hkhi.  -Ak  c  ('ttUi.dlii-  ■"  The  ymr 
of  .liihihr^'  —  llii'i  iriini  llic  iiiiUkI  IuhihiiJi'  <//'  l/n  cuiiii- 
fiif-'ifis  ihalfl  —.1  jii'-'itri  of  the  chisiiiij  .sri  iio~//ifl 
fiimrilc  hooks    -Wis  d/iI iihm.ii/  iu  litfioii.. 

Having  roturnt^d  liomc,  yiv.  (yari-oll  used  tli»'\vliol»>  weight 
(tf  Ids  iiilliK'iKM'  fo  Indiici!  >rai'ylaiid  to  juin  tlif  otlicr  colo- 
idcs  in  dcclaiiiiL;'  for  niniphtc  ilidt'lH'lidt'iicc.  He  was  rll- 
tiicly  siic<M'ssfid. 

Til  177(5  li('.«!i'id  fli<' honor  of  Ix-ini^flioson  to  i'  itr<>sfnt  \\\^ 
native  State  in  the  t'ontincntal  ( 'oti^it'ss.  As  lie  Avrote 
i'lifii'li's  Cor  roll,  in  a  clear,  bold  hand,  at  the  Hiot  of  the 
<h»ciini('!it  coiitainin,;;  tli"  Dcchiration  of  hKh'ix-nih'ncf,  a 
cojlcasne  roniark<>d  :  "There  ,uo  null i(»ns.'"  "Xo,"  reiilied 
anotliei',  "rli'M'eare  s  >veral  (Jliarlos  ('.trroils,  and  he  can- 
not, l)!'id:'ntili:'d."  Nfr.  Cirroll,  on  liearinu' this,  immediately 
added  t)  his  si '^•autiu\3 '•(>/'  (f  (n'oZ/ffHi,"  the   name  of  the 

'  Mr.  Ciirnill  wiis;i  v.i'iililiy  mill  r<ir  iIkwi'  (liiyj.  imkI  >lii|ipi(l  Inriiily,  iiiiil  ini|nirt('il  uliutcvcr 
«a'  n'i|iiii<il  for  llir  »u|i|ily  (if  the  niiiiinr  direct  frcnii  Kul'I.iihI.  rvcii  ilcmii  Id  llir  cliilhc-  mini 
liy  llir  f:iinily.  Tlir -iavc^'  wnrc  liiiiiic-iiiiii.  iw  did  many  of  the  pudrcr  cliisrJrs,  mid  ii-'iliil  Mr. 
Carnill  nlsdiil  .iiic  iktIhiI  (if  tii«  life,  wlieii  it  wns  rc^dhcd  liy  tlic  (■til(iiii<'i  (d  wear  iKitliiiiL'  ami 
(■pii-iimc  iidtliiiii:  cdiiiiiiL' friim  (ircat  liritalii.  .\ii  (■"■limati'  (jf  In-  |ini|iirly.  made  in  IHU.  in 
wdrlli  u'ivl  'L      |!  wa*  iiiaili'  liy  lii<  d«n  liand: 

■)0,(K»;  Ac    •»  of  Land,  twd  Cduntry  -i(>ats Cin.mvi 

H)  lliMix's  at    .Vnimpdlis .l.iHli) 

•JS,"i  Slavc-i.  at  an  avcrau'c  df  t"id  cacli S,.Vil> 

Stdck  (111  I'lanlatidiis l.nort 

Hdiisi'lidld   I'latc liiNI 

Drlits  enistaiidinLr ai.i'lO 

—  Til''  jfirjduii  •  i,i\i:,i  /■(■■■in  lli'larij.  11.'.  //.  ATs.iJiiO 

Tlii^- iji  oiiiial  loalioui  half  a  million  djilars  at  llic  pru^cm  tiiuc. 


743 


riiAuiJ:s  cMiwu.i.  of  cmuioi.i.tos: 


ostuff  on  wliicli  lio  resided,  renin ikiiiix  as  lie  d'ul  so:  "  Tlnit 

lie  Wiis  elected  il  member  nt'  llic  IV.nrd  of  Will'.  1I<'  illso 
cojitiiiiied  :in  iictive  !iii<l  inlliieui iiil  memlu-r  of  tin-  ronlU 
iienfiil  C'un-'ies'  till  177S.  when  the  ireiiiy  with  Frnnce  (pii- 
ete.lnll  his  feiirs  for  the  success  of  American  iiiileiiendeiice: 
and  I'-M'lin-'  thnt  his  duty  as  ii  Stnte  Senator  snmmoned  him 
to  Amni|)olis.  he  n'siiiixd  his  seat  in  Cen^ress.  ami  i«  snnied 
tlmt  ill  the  Marylan.l  S;-nate.  In  I7SS.  Mr.  Cnrroll  wus 
(dected  I'n'ted  Slates  Senator  from  Miuyland.  nnder  lllene\v 
^^(leral  Constitnlion.  lie  was  n^iJiin  tdected  to  the  Mary- 
land Senate  in  17.H,  remaininu'  a  nu'inber  till  18<il.  in  that 
year.  iii)i.it  tlie  .lefeat of  the  J'.deral  party,  to  whicli  he  Im- 
ion,<red.  Mr.  Carroll  retirod  into  private  life,  heing  then  in 
liis  sixty- third  year. 

Dnrint;  thirty  years  i^assed  in  pnblic  life,  omlnacinu;  the 
most  eventful  \)o\un\  (d"  the  history  of  the  liuted  Sii;t(s, 
Mr.  Carndl,  as  a  politician,  was  (piicdUoth'civleand  I'nmij.l 
to  oxecnte.  His  measures  were  open  and  eiier-ielic.  IIh 
was  more  iuidined  t(.  exceed  than  fall  below  liie  end  whi«di 
he  proposed.  As  ji  si)eaker  he  was  conciso  and  animated  ; 
the  advantap's  of  trav(d  and  society  made  him  ^■racefiil ; 
books,  habits  of  study,  and  acute  observatiou  mad.-  him 
impressive  and  iustructive.  As  a  wiiter  he  was  ivmarkably 
di;;niti<'d  ;  his  arrangement  was  re^nilar ;  his  style  was  full 
without  beln-r  <liiruse,  and  thon.uh  highly  argumentative, 
was  ])revented  from  bein.uMlull  by  the  vein  of  polite  learn- 
ing whitdi  was  visible  throngliout.' 

]}ut  it  was  as  a  practical  and  iincomi.romising  Catholic 
that  we  would  speak  of  this  venerable  man.  At  Ids  family 
resi(h'nce  he  had  an  elegant  (diapel  elected.  Divine  service 
was  held  regidarly,  and  he  was  always  one  of  the  most  de- 
vout worsliip'M-s.  '  lie  possessed  that  charming  faith  and 
simplicity  of  the  little  (diild,  so  ext(dled  by  our  lilessed 
Lord.  Eye-witnesses  liavo  described  it  as  a  truly  tomdiing 
sight,  to  see  the  aged  form  of  Cliailes  Cairoll  of  Carrollton 


»  Lalrubo. 


V. 

id  s(t 


(7/. I /.'/./•>■  rMiiiiti.i.  i>r  rM:i:ni.i.;(ty 


T48 


T/n// 


ViW.     Ill'  !iho 

nl"  tlic  ('(Hill- 
ll  l-'lillKc  (pli- 
ilil*')irlMli'll<M> ; 
IIIIIDkiIDmI  liim 
',  1111(1  ICSUtlK'd 

'.  Carroll  whs 
uiuUt  I  lie  new 
to  (lif  Miiiy- 
18(M.  Ill  tliiiC 
)  \vlii<'li  llf  ln'- 
liciii^'  then  in 

piiibiacinu;  tlie 
rnit<'(l  Sl;;t(s, 
(Icaiid  iHHtinpt 
'n('i-;j;»'li('.      11h 

I  lie  ciiil  which 
nid  aniiiiutcd  ; 

hijii  graceful ; 
loii  made  him 
las  I'l'inarUahly 
style  was  full 
U'liiiiiK'Htativc, 
ll'  politi'  k'ani- 

uisiiiii;  Catholic 

At  his  lainily 

Divine  scivice 

)f  the  most  di'- 

niui;  faith  and 

»y  our  IMcsscd 

truly  toiKdiiuij; 

II  of  CaiTollton 


l;ii('i'lin«  and  bt'iit  in  piiiycr  liffoiv  iIm-  allar  in  lli"  rliMi.cl 
nt  Doimhoiv-raii  Manor;  and  to  In-hohl  llif  illiistrioua 
j.-ilr  it  and  statesinaii.  at  Ihf  advanrt-d  a^-'  of  rlulity 
and  upwards,  scrvin,!--  iIh'  pii«'st  at  tli.-  altur  diirinu:  iIk* 
Holy  Mass. 

Ill  l.'^,'i>,  the  asscnilih'd  Hishops  ol"  tli>'  First  ('ouncil  of 
IJaltinion'  went  (o  i>;iy  lln'ir  rt-spi-cts  to  tin-  iriaiid  old 
iiKiii.  Ill'  r.'c.'ivfd  thfin  with  yiacfj'ii!  di.uiiily.  and  was 
(h't'ply  all'fftfd  at   flu'  coniplinit'iit   jiaid  him. 

it  iias  lu'i'ii  iM-autiriilly  n'lmiiUt'd  lliat  ••  liU*-  tlu-  hooks 
of  the  Sybil,  the  liviiiLr  siirncrs  ol"  thi;  l)(M'larati«»nof  Ind.'pcn- 
(h-nrc  im'r»'as«'d  in  valii«>  as  tliry  dfiivascd  in  niinilirr." 
Many  wt-rc  tin-  tt'stimonials  of  alft'ctiou  which  a  j^ratcfnl  na- 
tion laid  at  the  fiH't  of  Carroll.  Wo  lile  un'y  one  .sncli 
trihutu: 

DKI'AllTMKNI"  (»!■'  STATK,      / 
>V.\-.iiiNtiiiiN,   ..'Hli  .liiiic,    ls::t.  ) 

'^To  Vhiirhn  CarroU  of  Cto-rollloii : 

'■^  Silt,  — In  imrsiiancc  cd'  a  joint  resolution  of  the  two 
IToust'sof  CouLircss.  a  copy  of  which  is  hci-ct(»  annexed,  and 
liy  direction  of  the  I'lvsidcnt  of  the  lliited  Slates.  I  have  the 
honor  of  Iransmitlin.Lr  to  you  \\\i)  J'<ii--Khiiilc  eojties  of  the 
ori;,dnal  Declaration  of  Independence.  eny;rossed  (»n  parch- 
ments, coid'orieahle  to  a  secret  resolution  of  ('on^rress  of 
l!)th  .Inly.  I77<>.  to  he  sipied  1>y  eveiy  nicnd'er of ('on,i,'ress, 
and  accord in,iily  sin'iied  on  tlu!  'Jd  day  of  Auiiiist,  of  the  same 
year.  Of  this  documeiir.  unparalleled  in  the  annals  of  man- 
kind, the  ori.L'-Inal.  d<'po.slted  in  this  deiiaitnient.  exhihits 
your  nam(>  as  one  of  the  siihscrihers.  The  rolls  herewith 
transmitted  are  copies,  as  exact  as  the  art  of  entrravinfj; 
can  i)resent,  of  the  instrument  itself,  as  well  as  (d"  the  si.ijn- 
ers  to  it. 

"While  performiuir  the  duty  lliusassiirned  me.  permit  mo 
to  felicitate  you.  and  the  country  which  is  reaping-  the  re- 
ward  of  your  labors,  as  well  that  your  hand  was  allixed  to 
this  record  of  i^lory,  as  that,  after  the  lapse  of  near  half  a 
century,  you  survive  to  receive  this  tribute  of  reverence  and 


I 


741 


nr.\nf.Ks  rMuiorj.  of  cMinofj.Toy. 


grnHtU(U.'  frum  ymv  tliililifii,  llu-  incsfut  fulhtijf  of   the 
land. 

••Willi  cvciy  si'tiflirn'iit  (if  vi'Ticiiiflon.  I  liiiV4«  tin*  Imnoidf 
mibsoilblii^  iiiyst'lf  y«)ur  ft'llort-citizi'ii, 

".huiN  t^l  IN(  V  AhAMS." 

\Vliil«'  the  wlinic  TuUinn  was  rch-hiiitinj,'  tlif  liftirth  nnni- 
vci'sary of  Ani«'iiniii  lii(l('|H'ii(li'ii('t',  unfli*)  -Itliof  .Inly,  l^-'('>. 
"  lilt' year  (if  .Iiiliilcf."  llicic  imiiiiiK  tl  Inil  line*'  siii\  i\  in:;' 
hi;,'ii»'is  uf  till'  hcclaialiou  (>r  Imlciii'iKlt'iict'  'riiuinas  .IdVi'i- 
Moti,  .Itiliii  Adams,  aiidCliai'lt's  ('aiit)ll  ori'anollloii.  Tlit^c 
tlireo  natiH'M  Wi'it"  iniri;,'lt'(l  with  the  soii;.fs  of  national  joy, 
and  saliitctl  uitli  ii«>als  of  artilh'iy.  l^iit  twoof  the  illiistii 
oils  tri(t  saw  not  anntlicrsiiii.  Adams  and  .Icll'fison  |iass(  d 
from  tlu'  scciifs  of  oartli  thai  ^anif  day.  ('Iiaih's  Caiioll 
alono  i'('maiiu'd--s(jlo  .siiivivor  of  iho  lifty-six  luitriots  td' 
17T(;: 

'I'lic  iindividi'd  lioma,!i;t'  of  the  Initrd  States  was  now 
rcsi-rvcd  for  the  last  (d"  that  ^^loiioiis  luuid.  In  llic  uoids 
of  liossin^i",  "the  j^ood  and  the  jifcal  made  pil^rimap's 
to  his  dwtdliii^'  to  lM'h(»ld  with  their  own  eyes  the  vener- 
al»le  political  patriarcdi  of  America;  atid  fr<»ni  the  rich 
Htnrehoiist!  of  his  intellect  lie  freely  contrihilted  to  the 
delicieiicie.s  of  others."  '  Six  years  more  rcdied  by,  and 
the  great  and  jj;ood  Charles  ('aridll  of  C'arrolltou  went  to 
receive  the  rewaril  of  the  faithful  servant.  •'  Death  soft- 
ly touched  him  and  he  passed  away,"  on  the  1-llh  day' 
of  >;(jveinl>er,  ISIJ'i. 

We  ^ive  a  picture  of  the  closing  .scene  (»f  his  life.  It  is 
from  an  eye-witness  of  it,  who  died  Imt  a  yearor  two  ago — 
Dr.  Hicliai<l  Stewart.  It  was  towai'ds  sundown  in  the 
ii.oiith  of  Novemher.  and  very  c<  Id  weather.  In  a  large 
room  in  his  town-house  on  Lombard  str<'et — his  bedroom — 
a  group  <»f  inmates  of  hi^  lionsjdiold  was  gathered  beforea 


'  All  llii-  llrlliuli  MliiJetiTH  who  were  M'lit  to  tlii' Xiiliniml  ciipltiil,  IhcntliHlu'f,  iiiiil  iiciirlycviry 
linimliiriil  KiiL'li-liniiiii  «li')  vlwiicil  this  coiiiilry.  HiTi'L'iuv.(,>i  nf  Mr.  Ciiirnll  al  DciiiL'liDicLrMii ;  mihI 
\Va>liiML'li>i!.  I,iifa>i'lli'.  Ili'catMr.  .lai  kMHi.  TaiKV.  and  uiliir  Uii-liiJguii-Ui.'U  Aiucricuu*  Nvirv  wvl- 
i:i.imvd  \\.i.Tv.~  MugazUtvo/Amtrican  lIiiitvnj,\'ol. /I. 


¥ 


t.V. 

utherrf  of  the 
«« tlu'  honor  of 

:'V  Ai».\M>»." 

I*  liftictli  nnni- 
ml' .Inly,  \h'2{\. 
lice  siirv  i\  ill.:;' 
riiuiiiMS  .It'lVt'i- 
>llt(>ii.  TIh'M« 
iKitional  joy, 
of  tli(>  illiisti'i- 

■ll'fl'Sdll    |I!ISM(1 

'liiirlt'M  ('jiiii.ll 
ix  luitriots  oC 

iif«'s  wns  now 

111  tlic  uoids 

le  i»il;i,iiiii;ij;t's 

yes  t\H>  vciicr- 

fr(»tu  the   rich 

'il)iit*Ml    t«)  the 

ollcil   by,  and 

)lltiin  went  t(j 

'•  Death  seft- 

tiie  llth  (lay 

lis  life.  It  is 
ii'or  two  ap> — 
iuh)wn  in  tlii^ 
•.  Ill  a  larye 
his  bedroom — • 
liered  before  a 


ciiM!i.!:<  (Minn 1. 1,  nr  (Annof.f.rnx. 


ttf 


liiclii'",  mill  iM'iirlyi'viry 
II  III  DciiiL'liDn  uMTi ;  m!hI 
l'U  Aiucricuu*  wi  rv  wxl- 


h\y^i>  n|icii  lire  pjacf.  Tlir  NfiifUiMe  Chaih  n  Ciinojl  wtis 
ii-.iiniiiM  in  ii  i^'»ft.  p!id<h<l  mm  ehair.  In  the  renter. 'f  th.. 
s|Mee  before  him  wann  table,  with  bl.xsi'd  eamlleH,  an  nii- 
tiijiie  silver  bnwl  of  hnly  wat.r.  and  a  crneillx.  Hv  his 
siiji'stoodhisspirituiil  fririid,  llo-  Ib-v.  .b.lni  M.  .1.  ('hamh.'. 
afterwards  lirsi  Hishnj,  of  Natche/,,  in  his  li.-h  robes, 
preitai'-d  to  administer  the  hist  corisohithiMs  of  the  Catholi  • 
Cliiiirli. 

On  eai-li  siili'  of  thfehair  Uiifli  children  and  ;zraii'lilii! 
(ireii.  witli  some  fiirnds.  ami  jiisi  in  the  rear,  thieeor  I'oiir 
old  neuro  servants  were  dfvoiitly  on  tln-ir  Uiiees.  The  vtii- 
cnible  Carroll  iiad.  for  a  Ion--'  lime,  brfii  Milb-iiimwith  wak 
eyesi;;lit,  and  could  n.»t  nidiire  the  pioximily  of  I  he  Ii:,hls. 
lir  leaned  ba<d<  with  hall' cl<'>ed  .yes.  'I'lie  solemn  cere- 
mony proceetle.l  ati.i  einl.d;  th.-  illiisirioiis  old  man  wan 
lifl.'d  back  to  his  bed.  but  li.-  Iiad  fast.'d  to  receive  the  Moly 
Sacrament,  and  was  t.i.>  weak  to  rally.  His  last  words 
wt'iv,  '•'riiaiik  yon.  Doctor."  on  brinu  lifi'd  into  an  easier 
]»osition.  and  he  died  quickly,  min.lfnl  t.>  the  last  of  others 
-  tranquilly  a  Cliristiaii  ;;enth'man.  Ami  thus  died  the 
*•  Last  ol  the  Sinn. 'is"  and  one  .d"  the  Catholic  her.n's  id'  the 
American  Uevobiiioii. 

Cliarl.'s  Carndl  of  Carrolltoii  had  a  well  selected  but  (tld- 
fashioned  lil)rary.  l[e  caiv.l  liitle  f.-r  modern  works. 
Amonu;  the  valued  books  referred  to  in  his  letters,  we 
notice  iiiissuet's  I'amiiMs  "History  .d'  th.'  Variations  of  the 
I'rolestanl  Chiir.'hes,"  and  tin*  Abb.'  .\Ic(b'.i,uhe>iairs  "His- 
tory <d'  Ireland."  Milnei's  "  Kml  of  Controversy"  was  one 
of  his  favorites.  In  his  last  years  he  also  p.-issed  c.iiisiderable 
till!.'  with  Cicero's  "  De  Seiiectiit.',"  which  h.-  urew  li»  l.>vt* 
so  mncli  as   to  write   to  a    fiiend.   "After   the  IJible  rea.l 

icer(». 

Not  Ions  before  Ids  passap'  to  a  better  world,  he  nttereil 
thi'se  remarkable  wor.ls  :  "  1  have  lived  to  my  ninetysixtli 
year;  T  have  enjoyed  continn.-d  health  :  I  h:iv<!  bei'ii  blessed 
with  lii'eat  wealth,  ]»rosperity,  and  most  .d'  the  irood  tliinirs 
Avliich  the  -Id  «an  bestow  -iiiiblic  jipiaobation,  esteem, 
applause.     And  what  I  now  look  back  on  with  the  greatest 


I] 


r 

i 
if 
II 


T40 


riiMii.f:s  (Mtitoi.i.  OF  (Mino/j.rit.y. 


r,\\hti\t't\n\\  til  iiiysi'lf  h,  that    /  /nn't   innrfiml  Un   ihiHiH 
Hi  II' il  I'liilioii-^  ' 


I 


■|tr  It  II  rlnrlii'  >t-iii»  lliiil  In  ilii'  I'lipt  of  i<iiiii|i"'iiii'>  "|,lti'>  tif  ihi'Htvri"  o  "  X"!  11  .  In  il<>> 
|li>;ihiii>ri'  l.ll>rirr>,  \\w  f>>llM»lii;i  mm  iiimi'iiihIiiiii  !•  ttrlinii  iil  lli>  ■  ml  nf  i  iirniir.  I.lf'  \'\  ilir  uii' 
I  ii>r,ili<' III  I  i>iii|ill-liril  Mr  l,.iii'iilii  :  " 'I'ln  ruri'^^nliiu' lil"jrii|iltUiil  >ki  •  ii  t<ii>  urlih  n  in  iii  ■  In 
I  "Jil  finiii  iii<  iiiiirnhili  iiiiiiii.'r.i|ili>  riiriil-li>  il  \>)  Mr  i  iirrnll.  niiil  iiii'ih  riiii>  mtin  ixiili  i'.  Win  ii 
lliil^lml  I  rmil  II  In  lilni,  iiiiil  hi-  riiimrk,  niluiHiu.  wii-  ;  "Hill,  Mr.  I.iilrntii'.  >.iii  Iium' r.  rlnliily 
liiiili  nil  mil  II  iiiui  II  u'ri'iiiiT  iihiii  iliiiii  I'M'r  i  fiMitnl  iii>->  If  lulu'  :  iiii>!  >■  l,ri'iill>,  I  Imrill.t  liiiiik 
iImiI  Mil'  furl-  villi  li:iM' -liili 'I  lire  iilliirul*!  Iliiih -nil  III  Irih' '  ||<  nti.  ihrn,  I  lliliil>,  In  li'> 
l.iiirlli'lli  >nir ;  I'lii'irrnl,  >i«iii  iim>  run,  uinl  (unriill)  iiiii  iiiIm  Ih  Iii>  liii-lnr-»  iiuiili  i-. 

••/yu/^iwior/,  .li<(i''J»M,  ItiW.  J.  II  II   I.ATlniiii,.  " 


r 


il  (In    ihifU^ 


irr.,"  \'iil    II  ,  III  llii> 

Titir.  l.if'  li>  \\w  III! 
ii»  wriili  II  !•>  Ill  •  III 
iiiiu  i»iiili  ii».  Will  II 
'.  tmi  IhiM'  n  rliiltily 

'i'iill>,  I  Imrill.t  iiiiiik 
Ihi'ii.  I  Miliilt,  III  li:< 
ii">«  iiiiiiti  )•. 

.  II    II.  I.ATIKinK." 


RICIIT  KKV.  SIMOX  (iAIlKIIlL  IJKCTi;.' 


(11  APTKR  I. 
A   U'MI,   Vol  III    IN    Wll.h    iiMi;s, 

l\hlh  tint?  faniihj  l>>  'Ih  /  Mi.  ]>iuh'  .1  tjixnt  motfirr 
—  Hi  ritlli  t-llniis  i>f'  H  fHnilS  ( 'n/tj'i  ssnf  T/ii  Jiisl  fnOffi  f. 
hni>h--' First  I 'mil  III  union  )i>iiiiif  Hi  nil  IIS  it  stniliiif'" 
His  ii^lili  iitni/i'  iif  ahiilii  s  -  Till  si  nil  If  uf  iinilii'ini-— 
iiiiiilniili  s  irilh  Ihr  hiijlnsl  Inuim's  I'lnh  is  Itn'  siniiih 
urij  Is  rnisi  il  III  llii  /iiiisl/iund  -Hinnnis  j/iu/'issnf — 
(n)is  In  Ann  lied, 

.lust  »»in' liimiliTil  iiiitl  tliirty-livf  yt'iiiN  nl'itT  tlic  illiisrii- 
oiis  l-'atlicr  .l<t,mii's,  S.  .1.,  Iiiul  visiifd  Uniiit's.  iHjiiiimdn  Ills 
jii'i'Sdii  <'riu'l  iiKirks  nl'Mnliawk  l»iii'l»iirity,  flu'ii'  wiis  Imuii  in 
tlif  sMiiic  city'  !i  cliilil  who  was  drsfintMl  <iiii>  day  tn  iiiakn 
his  iiaiiic  fori'viT  ramniis  in  tiic  annals  of  ihi>  ('ath(»li»' 
Chinch  ill  Ihi'  I'nih'l  Siah-s.  Ii  was  Siinon  ({altiicj  Ihiih''. 
His  liirtlnlay  was  (htvjoth  ol'  March.  IT7'.».  Ih'  ln-jdnirfd  to 
an  ancii'iil  and  vi'i'N  rt'siH'ctalih'  I'ainilv.  His  fat  hir.  Simon 
(«Ml)iit'!  nnili'',  was  Sniti'iinti'iidt'iir  of  tlic  royal  domains  in 
Hiitfany  :  and  wc  have  (jvfiy  cNidcnct'  that  his  niotlirr, 
.Fane  Ui'iit'-c  lt>  Saiilnicr,  was  a  lady  of  great  piety,  intelli- 
pMK'c.  and  rorcc  of  character. 

'  t'lilff  iiiiiliiirltli'!"  iiiTtl :  Davli y.  "  MiiiKilr  nf  lll<lii>|i  llnilt' ;"  Cluikr.  ••  l.lvi'n  <if  llir  lU- 
fc,i«ic|  R|.|iii|)«  of  the  Ciillliillr  riiunli  111  II)''  fllil 'il  Slali'<  :"  .M"< 'ilTriy.  "  Dl-i  niir-r  mi  III" 
l(l::li'  lliv  s.  <i.  Iliiii.'  ;  ■  Wlilii'.  •  l.tfc  .if  Mr-.  K.  A.  Srinii  :"  II,i- ..nil.  ••  l.lfc  uf  AnUlilfliop 
llil;.'lic«  ;"  mill  "A  l'ii|Miliir  lll-t(in  nf  ilii'  Ciiilinlli'  t  liiinli  In  llir  liilliil  Sllll^^," 

'  Iti'iiiii'rt  wiiH  (lie  I'uiillul  uf  tliu  iiru\ii)C'v  u(  Urittuiiy.  At  tliu  iircavut  tliiiu  it  liu«  it  iitipulutluu 
of  ubuiu  10,000. 


747 


748 


////;///•  II rv  sivo.x  n Minim,  lutvrfi. 


ill«'*l.  I*'iniiiii  hi-*  l>ni|in"««*  itlTiili's  iti  iut  *'mliiHtii'»'«i'»l  r<.ii- 
(lilitm.      It   WilN  tl  \l\'v\\\.   MllMfnIIIIIIM.      Till*   f:illlil,V   |)l'')h|i.i'|<» 

wri'c  li|ii<«ri*)l,iiiiitii  liiiitl,  vvi'l^liry  rt»4|i)iri^iliilliv  ft'lloit  Mrx, 

Milllt'*.  Itiir  sliM  \v:i<«  tiu|  iiiti-i{ii:)l  til  llii>  liiiiih'li.  "'Ii"  Ni-i'lltH 
til  lltlVf  Ih'I'II  a  uhi*  NMilliall.  wlinsr  III*  I  iiliil  )'ii||||||ii||  M>||«t> 
tllllil)'    III'!'   tqillll    t*l    till*   itlllifH   (if    tills    Wliljll,   Uillldltt    «'V<t' 

|i'!i<llii.r  lii'i'  til  I'lir^i't  ilt«>  tliliiuHiif  iti'iivi'ii,  SiK'li  NViiM  tlh'^tiotl 
t'lliiiMtur  uli'i  liiiil  till*  lii-i  liiitiil  III  iijiiiiiilliix  llif  Ii'IdIi'I', 
)ilii«tii'  cliur.'irlt'r  iif  till'  I'liiiiiv  lli>lM>|i. 

Nm|'  UiiM    III'  |««ss    fnrtllllilt«'   111    his   lli-t    rnllfrssin'.      "My 

llr-.t  ninfi'MHor."  iii>  widto,  tiuiiiy  yt'iiiHnftci', "wiim  Mr.  ('.ninn, 

Vit'iir    nf    ||n«    I'lilhll    tif    St.     ({fill, ..111.  tlii-n   11    V(  I  y    vnimi^ 

|iii«"«t.  lull  !ilii':nly  Ml  I'l-mjiikiiM'-  fur  lih  i-si-niiilnry  lil'iMtiMl 
iiinsf  |"ci\fiif  pifiy.  tlitit  ln'  wiiH  called  tlit<  Altlti  TiiiXi  in  iil- 
IiimImii  to  St.  'I't'ii'sii. 

••'rilin  \v;m  miiitl  uft«'l'  tlU'  tlrjltll  of  MIV  flltlld'.  wlicil  T  \v:m 
IiImhH  t'iiiiir   yi'iil's  old.         I   iviiii-iiiIh'I'    Wfll     llial    I  In'  lli-t 

tillM'  I  W  •Ml  In  cnllfi'ssiuli  |ii  liilii.  In-  uaM-  nil'  w*  I  li'l't 
Ills  cnllft'xsinliiil.   uliicli    slnnd  ill    lln'   rliapil    of   llu-    |l|t^sr«l 

\  iiuiii  a  liillf  lio«;l<  ill  Kii'IkIi.  <'iiiill<d  Tin  Ihnlh  »!'  .\h,l. 
As  I  was  K'lliiiiu'  ln>  caiiM' out  ul"  lln- (•iiiilV>.s|(,||ii|.  and  j:a\«» 
nil' lln- liuiiK.  I  rciiK'iiilHT  Iii>  I'aci' as  it  appi.-iDil  at  llat 
iiioiiH'iii.  with  .sticit  an  o.spri's.Hion  of  aiuialiiliiy  and  iiidy 
iip'iii  il. 

••  I  was  luH  |n'iiitp|it  for  fM'\t'»Ml  :'«'ars.  niiiil  I71M.  llio 
la--i  \i:ii'  of  the  frri'  cxi'ii*' •  '  i'<'|i,ioii  in  I'laiK't'.  diir- 
iiiu'  wliirli  yi'ar  I  had  llif  liappiiwHs  of  iiiaUiii;^' my  Kiist 
('oiiiniiinioii.  I  wi'iit  I'l'u'iilar  to  cniiri'ssinii,  Imi  up  tn  that 
tiinc,  thanks  I)*>  to  (iod.  my  cxci'lli'iit  nioiliir,  and  I  nmsr 
add  i-xci'llt'iit  tcarhi'i's.  I  had  lillli' to  ntiit'css.  Allhoiiuh  \ 
hadalit'iidi'd  ilif  i»iiltlic  schools  for  four  or  live  y^'ais.  \  w.-i.s 
tin  t'litii'i'  stninirt'i'  to  all  iinpropci'  notions  ;  and  my  cliiff 
matter  of  ifpi'oach.  at  tin-  liineof  maUiiminy  ^vncr.'il  coiifcs. 
NJon  for  First  Cummiinion,  was  the  having  taken  an  appio 
I'lom  the  stand  of  an  old  IVnit-woman. 

"  Durinu:  the  same  interval.  T  learned  my  cateehism  at 
school,  thongli  at  times  1  attended  the  i)nl)lic  catechism  at 


Ht'iiir  in:\:  "ivo.y  uMmn.t.  tun  rn. 


7iu 


it'nhh  riiilif»r 
iiii'»»i'»l  ••*, fi- 
lly I>l'«»h|),r|<4 

'  ffll  Mil  Mr*. 

I.      "'tlK    .HCI'IIH 

>llllll*>ll  h*'!!"!' 
«\illl(il|t  I'MT 
WIIH  llh'^ooil 
:    (ll»'    It'llilt'l", 

I'NHiir.  "  My 
H  Ml',  ('iiimii. 

vny  yniiiiir 
pliiry  liri'tiiitl 

7<  /7v»v  in  111- 

.  wlicii  T  wnH 
hill  ilio  lii>r 

\\r      If^     I    It'l'f 

•  th."  IU.>M.| 
hnl/,ojM„f, 
Hill,  iiiid  ^ii\«> 
•ill*  il  ill  iltir 
ty  iiihI  |ii»'ly 

itil  17!)!.  ilio 
I'nilH't'.  (Iiir- 
iiii^'  my  Kiist 

Il     ll|>    to    I  llilt 

,  mill  I  iiiiisr 

Altlioii.uh  r 

'  yeiirs.  I  wiSH 

111(1  my  cliict' 

i'llCIill  cuiil'p.s- 

ki'M  iiii  iiiijdi' 

('iit«'cliisni  nt 
futoclilsni  at 


llh>  |Kiil-li  rliiinli.  ro  ii'fli.'  |>.»til».h>  of  til.'  Holy  Srill>lim«i 
\*liif|j  Ui'  It-ittti'il  l>y  lifiul.     I  ii'IihmhIm'I   \\m\\  oil  mim'  oi'»h. 

kIoii,  litivliiKH'|H'in«'<l  iIm'  lil'^Jopyof  ili»'»iinlH< f  AI»iiiliiitiH 

I  oltfiiiiH'il,  ii««  a  h'VMinl.  •iiihi-  ti  liiw  I'ltm  "f  '•"'  .\iintnir! 

iilltni,  |l!l^t^'•l  oil  II  Iniiinl  willi  :i  millwlll  of  uilt  |'!I|m'I'  lllntllHl 
It.  Il  liiiliy;  I'll  I'liiy,  yM-*.  It,\  iIh-  ««|i|(.  i.T  i»i\  Im<|,  .iihI  I  niii 
Hlllliull  t'liiihnl  tiM'Hiiiiiiu;*',  vivlil  iixtiMliitluHH  of  |||i>  |lli"*^«><l 
Vimlii.  iiml  uuo.l  l-'iiilifi' ('ill roll,  ill  my  rliil<ll'»l»  iiiiiih«««'»li»ii«« 

of  i»i''i\  iiii'i  ii'»ii!ii"«.  i>r  iifi'. 

•My  lii'^i  piiiyi'i  IimhU  iiho  imnlf  a  uK-at  Imprt'^MiMn  oii 
iii>  iiiiinl.     It  wiiM  a  Poiot'fini' ti,  IhhiiiiI  In  ;xn'vi\  lU'ihM'i'n, 

with  uilt  filK"'^.  aiitl  was  uivni  in  n ii  tin-  M'ly  «liiy  of  my 

l;iili.'i's  I'liii.-ml.  K.O.niiiiy  'JSili.  ITSf!.     I  liixl   Inn.a;  <l.-siivil 

til    llMSf    nlf,    lllhl    I    plfHIIIIU!    tll«'ll'    Wits    Itlit     il    liiilu  \iiiiity 

iiiixi'il  ii|>  uiili  iIk*  ili-vniliiti  with  nliicli  I  l'n|h)W*>il  ill*'  .Ma'^H 
iiinl  iilllr.'  ill  my  Itfiiiitil'iil  pniyt'i'-linok,  at  tli«'  collt'p'  ami 
ihi'  p:iriH|i  rliiiirh.  I  hiiil  it  in  my  pn«(«tt'H>iuM  twi-nty  yriiis 
iirtt'iwiiiih,  with  its  iHdlst'ii  •••ivi'i's.  (li'lMCfil  Miidiii^r.  ami 
Koiin*  lorn  Icavci;  l>ul  I  iont  it  m>iii<-|io\v  uroilaT  in  my  many 
jonrm'yiiiK.H. 

"  I   miidt'  my  lirsf  ('ommiinioii.  tis  I  litivp  stiM,  In   1*01. 

Tlli'l*'  Ut'iv  ;il)ol|t  -'(lit  ot"   lis  of    tin-  llisl  or  scroiul    Ctimilllin- 

ioji  for  it  wiis  till'  <'.\cclh'iii  ciisioiii  of  those  liiiifs  to  iimko 
I  lie  N^fim'f  (?ommiini<»n  willi  tlin  .sanii'  pn-panition  as  tim 
liiHi.  iij'tt'i'  a  slioi't  spiiitmil  r«'trt'at.  I  thiinlv  'riii-f,  ()  my 
<ioll  for  tliM  shiti- of  iiiiioccncf  ami  pidy  1  was  in  the  diiy 
1  pi>rronnt>(l  tliis  mo>t  impoitiint  act." 

Voiiii^'  Mnitt''  was  a  hard,  carm'st  stmh'iit.  His  wjiys  wcvh 
l\iiid  iiiid  winiiiiiu'.  An  astonisliin<r  nu'inory  and  ti  liv»'ly 
iiiiimiiiiition  imidt'  liim  iippciii-  iinusiially  Itriylit.  Hi'  pursued 
Ills  stiidirs  uiidi'l'  privat)'  It'iKdifis  wlit'ii  llit'  troiililes  ;iml 
|err<»rs  ol'  tin-  Kfvoliiiion '  dosed  thf  ('ollfuf  of  Hrnnt's. 

••  Jlt'ac<piiit'd  inlioyliood  and  y(tntli.'"   .says  tlu^  vcnciid)!!' 

'  Kninri'  «ii«  llicn.  Iiy  lirr  imii  Irrrllli'  I'xiimiilr  lrii<  lilm;  llu'  uiirlcl  u  LTriit  moral  iiml  rclluliMin 
|i'"im.  Ilirnviiliill'iiiiirv  riiliT-  Inid  |iro-(  riliccl  rlirl-iliiiiltv,  iiiiil  iiinili'  Inrtili  llty  iiimI  liiipiilv  llin 
law  of  till'  liiiiil.  IIMiiry  ha"  tulil  u«  the  Imiior"  lliat  I'li-mil.  Wliili'  llil"  nnha|i|iy  cniiiitry 
wa- clrliii:«i|  (Villi  llir  liliMicI  iif  hi  r  I"'-!  mill  milili-i  ►nil..  «lilli'  Ihi-  Crn-- "ii«  torn  froiii  ll-ilc- 
valliin  mill  lriiiii|ihil  111  Ihr  ilii«l.  uhilr  rhiirrhc-  hiti' jilljairi'il  nml  ilc-iTrainl.  miil  Ihr  faithful 
iihll(,'f(l,  III!  tlio  prlmltlvu  iiiurtyr<,  to  iiiwt  In  ttlvuvu  uml  Uurkiii'i-K,  ul  ilio  rli-k  of  tluir  llvif-,  for 


IL 


7.')(i 


maiir  iu:v.  sjmus  uAiminL  nniril 


Di'.  >r<r;in'r"y.  "li!ilii(suf  Ntiidy.  of  cldsp  jiiid  paiit'iit  men 
till  .•ippliiTiii;!!.  wliirli  li(  ri'!;iiin(l  llii'iiii.ii'i  lil'i".  Ill  spiiful' 
lli.'il  iiHidt'sty  which  |)ic\ I'lilt'il  liiiii  fiiPiii  vwv  >iif;ikiiii;'  in 
hi>4()U  II  |ir;iisc.  I  roiiM  Icani  fioiii  a  h)iiuMii(!  iiniiiiali'actjiiaiiii- 
aiicc  with  him.  ami  from  tlio  l<>s(iiii<iii\  of  nihiis.  taal,  in 
tlir  iiiilijic  schnuls  (if  his  imiivc  ciiy.  iii- \\;i.s  (H.stin.uni.slit'd, 
and  I'liiiiiciitiy  Micfi's^i'id. 

"  His  al'rtM' lih-  i»i(»\fd  it  His  mind  was  tdoridi  in  liras- 
mvs  of  chissii  lore,  ((.(lanijily  riiniishcd  I'ldm  ilif  jirmoi  ics 
<»r  sriciict'.  I'di' him  !<»  Iiavc  hci-n  a  dull  or  caii-lcss  stmlfiii. 
Whcllicr  li.'  coiiveiscd  with  a  I'lii'iid,  or  h-clinfd  lo  :i  chiss, 
or  hcraldccl  tlu*  mi'ssajicof  salvaiioii  Troni  a  imlpil.  thcevi- 
dcnet's  of  i)roruund  knowlcd;;!',  as  wrll  as  of  iciiiarkalilo 
ii't'iiiiis.  liicfssuiitly  llasht'd  Ixd'on'  yon. 

••Whatever  he  om-e  icad  or  sliidieil  he  reineinhered. 
Kveii  inilie  last  yais  of  liis  life,  when  hisalteiition  seemed  to 
l-e  absorbed  in  theology,  and  other  branches  of  ('cclesiasti- 
cal  le;iriiin<^,  he  recited  with  ease  all  the  l-'ahhsoi  La  I*'on- 
taine,  eiilire  scenes  of  IJacine.  Coineille,  and  (lie  linest  jias- 
sames  of  the  other  {'""reucli  writers,  or  of  the  Latin  jioels. 
Thoiiiiit  less  familiar  with  the  (ireek  classics,  lie  liad  lead 
them  with  a,dvaiita,ii;e  as  well  as  jjleasiire,  and  turned  to  .yood 
account  his  knowledp' <if  the  lan^ii'uage,  in  the  stinly  of  the 
(Jreek  Fathei's  of  the  Church. 

'•At  one  time  lie  had  in  view  to  enter  tlu'  i-'rendi  Pnly- 
tecliiiic  School,  and  for  this  i-eason  he  jairsned  a  very  exten- 
sive course  of  niatliematical  science.  Siibsecjiieiitly  he  had 
the  best  (tpportuiiities.  in  the  medical  s<'h<iolsof  I'aiis,  of  pen- 
etratinn' (ieeiily  into  the  mysteries  of  chemistry  and  nalnial 

the  ci'li'lirnlioii  of  tli.'  illviii.'  inv«l<Tii'«.  wliili'  llir  p/M-l-  \\\n<  h.iil  iicpt  lui  ii  v\\\v  I  in-  miilloliiird. 
wiTi'  limilcd  iis  Willi  lii':i-l«.  -Iml  il(i»ii  In  the  llrlil-.  luiiiu'  In  the  l:iiiip|ii>-l-.  ur  ir-i  i-vcil  for  \\m 
Mow  |c.rtiifc<iiiiil-iilrniinniMkriii-cir  jiiclicialniiiiilcr;  ilu']iri«(iii^  "rir  rM'i>«licii'(ro«(lcil  «lili 
tli(i-i'  Willi  were  Inn  iiiililc  iiiiiiiliil  I"  niiiiial  iir  ulijun-  llirir  I'.iilli.  iiiiil  tlii-i-  liiiiiii'  -ullVirr«  «rl(! 
rcfiiMilthiTdii-iilalloii^  iif  rrliLTiim.  or  niiilil  n^cilvr  llinu  nnl.v  frnm  -iicli  ii-  VMTr  « illiiii,'  In  -lilko 
tlirir  livf.-  u|inM  ilw  cliMriliililr  iiii>-!i>n.  Siiiinii  C.iiln-ii'l  I'.ruli'.  tliiii  lull  a  liny  nf  li'iiilcr  yi'iir--, 
with  a  full  kiii>«lril._'iMif  llic  li-k  lir  ran.  anil  willi  lii- r.inil  niiillnr's  liraily  cnriM'nl.  wax'inployiil 
lo  convi'V  till'  ltli'*-^ril  Sacramriit  In  Ihr  pri-niirrs  in  hi-  native  Inwn  nf  Krnni-'.  In  llic  di-L'nlM' 
of  a  bakiT's  Imy,  iirnlci'liil  only  by  liisinnorcnci'  anil  iiiTinalnirili-ncliiin.  or  ralliiT  liy  lii>  s.'noil 

niiL'cl.wlin  fnnilly  linri'  liini  rom|iaiiy  on  Mirli  crrani^,  lie  ^uppliid  tin'  \iiiiin«of  pirMMiilin il 

only  Willi  till'  lirrail  wliiili  nnnri-lio  llii' linrly.  lint  with  Ihr  iirrail  of  ,\n'_'iN.  Ilic  f 1  wl'iill 

pivj'U  lifi' to  till'  sonl.-/,'ic.  Dr.  .l/.T.i/O'//.  -  For  fnrllirr  ili'taiU  m'i'  Uriili'-Mircollcitinli.- of  tlio 
ITfiitU  Uovolutiuii  in  Ar^■hbi^lulI)  UuyKjV  Jlniwiii;  pp.  lOd— ioH. 


liidiiT  iu:\:  siMos  liAiuiiKi.  luurf:. 


7.*)  I 


|iaiit'iit  nn'ii- 

lll  spile  of 

spi'iikiiii;'  ill 
;ili':i('(jii:iiiil- 

H'lS.    tjlMl.   ill 

stiii.unisluMl, 

icli  ill  (ivas- 
ilif  nriiioiit's 
ii'ss  stinlt'iit. 
•(I  III  ii  cia^is, 
l|iil,  liif  ('\  i- 
K'liiaikiilik' 

i'(>ni»'iiil)('rf!l. 

oil  Sft'llK'd  to 

r  ('('cjcsiasti- 
V  of  La  Foii- 
i(,'  liiu'st  jias- 
Latiii  iiocls. 

lie    liad   iv;i(l 

riK'd  to  ,uoo(l 
study  of  till' 

•'roucli  Poly- 
;i  very  cxtcii- 
•iitly  li(>  had 
I'aiis,  of  iifii- 
'  and  iiaiinal 

csilc  I  III'  i:iiillnliM('il' 
-.  iir  ii'-i  I'Mil  for  till' 
\«li(ii'(ri)«il(il  nitli 
hcKiir  -iilli  irr-  \\v\>: 
Hclr  «illiiiu'  III  "l.iko 
Imiv  rif  li'iiiliT  yriir--, 

lllM'lll.  \Ml>l'in|i|<l,Vlll 

111'*.  Ill  till'  ili-^i.'iilM' 
or  riilliir  In-  lii>  yood 
llMlf  iMi'M'iulion  iiol 
.'I'ls.  ilic  foiiil  wImlIi 
■  lii'c'ollcclioli.'-  of  the 


phiiosi>i.liy.     !!••  iininovd  iln'iii  witli  lii>  ii'-iial  dili^nicf, 

••Wliiii'   lii'  ili'votcdiiiinsi'ir  to  .si-vt'i't-r  >ludit's.  Iif  uavt* 

snail' sliaiv  of  alli'Uiioii  i isjc  and  diawiiii;- :  and   in   tin' 

lallcr  of  thcst'  arcoiiiplisliiiH'Ms  In-  allaiiu'd  a  pri'lirit'iicy 
\\\\'u'\\  in  al'lrr  years  was  a  soiircfof  iilrasmvund  ad\anla,i;f 
to  liiiiiM'lf  and  a  nii'ans  wliicli  In'oftfii  li;ii>|'il\  iini'lMyrd  for 
tlii'i>ni'|;Misi'of  inti'M'siiiiu'  :ind  iii,>tnirtiiiu  oilifis. 

"His  siiidlfs  well'  inif'Tiiplt'd  l>y  tin-  I't-voliiiiontiry 
Iroiililt's.  and  ln'  spnit  about  two  Vfaisin  liis  imoiIiit's 
lifinlin,:;' c'siablislinifiil.  <lnrin,i!;  which  in'  Iriiiit'd  and  pnic- 
tiscd  thf  Itiislufss  of  a  roiiiposiior.  Ii  would  appear  that 
he  was  led  lo  this  !  liH  h  less  liy  iiirlii:alion  than  liy  the 
reverses  which  his  family  liad  sustained,  and  the  daii.ueis 
of  the  times." 

In  the  spriiii;'  of  17'.»i'i.  the  yoiint:  student,  at  the  aue  of 
seventeen,  beyaii  the  study  of  medicine-  under  Dinal.  an 
einiiient  suru'eon  of  IJeniies.  Twtt  ye:irs  later  we  liiid  him 
at  Paris,  attendiiiu'  ihe  sciiools  of  medicine,  and  listeniim-  to 
the  lectures  of  Pine),  liiihat.'  and  other  distinuiiished  pro- 
fessors. It  was,  liowevi  r,  a  daiiiieroiis  ji'-riod.  liilidelity 
ran  wild.  Reliuion  was  lield  in  scorn  and  contempt  :  but 
the  lirm,  [lious.  well  balanced  mind  of  Mr.  I'rul*'"  received 
nil  injury,  ife  kept  tin- precious  peril  of  faith  unhaiined. 
II -even  did  highest  lo  stem  the  sava.i^e  tide  of  iiitidelify. 
In  ISt:5  lie  ifradua ted  Doctor  in  .Medicine  with  the  hiuiiest 
li mors.  Kleven  hundred  students  were  following'  the  course; 
and  of  these  one  hundred  and  twenty  of  the  best  wei'e 
chosen  to  comp'te  for  the  lirst  prize.  It  was  uained  by  Dr. 
Hriite,  after  a  severe  examinalioii. 

The  youii-j;  physician  was  oirered  a  .uood  jiosilion  in  the 
c;ipital  of  Frair\<  :  but  the  times  had  chan,L.':ed.  and  he  de- 
cided to  dedicate  his  brilliant  talents  to  the  Church.  It 
was  imr,  however,  from  any  fo(jlln,c;s  of  dislik*'  that  he  aban- 
doned   the   iirofes^ion   of   iiiedicine.       No.       "IIo  always 


I  riilcrllii'iliiti'of  Si'iil.  'rilli,  lsi)I.niiili5|liii!'clir(iMli'l("i  ihi'  ilr:  111  111  lii-Miiiiiir  tiiil  i  I'li'lintlml 
ti'ii'liiT  :  '•  XaviiT  Itirlial  ilii'il  tliii  innriiiii'j  ill  four  n'l'lnrk,  :il  .vi'ars  of  iii.'i'.  I'lijuvini;  llu'Viry 
lii^'lii'"!  ri'iiiiliitiim  ill  Ins  iii'i>ri'--iiiii  mill  i.'iNiii'_'  tlir  trrriii"!"!  p:'iiml-"  for  llii'  fiiliirr.  All  liin 
impils  l.iv.il  liiiii.  Hi- falliir  anil  iimtluT  wcit  mo-t  rxii'llriii  |iiii|i1i'.  vn-y  i)iiiii>^  iiml  hroiii,'lit 
lii:u  111)  ill  lIu:  mo^t  I  liri?liaii  uiaiuur  ....  Let  Uf  Jiiay  luljoil  for  tUu  ri'liosu  of  liis  ^olll.■' 


tS9  niaiiT  iu:v.  snioy  uAniuKi.  nun'/:. 

llonoi't'd  it,"  s:iys  tlif  IJfv.  Dr.  McCiilVrcy,  "nsoin'  of  tlin 
iii.Ml.->r  i(»  whicli  ii  liiglily  ^nfh'd  and  iiliilimlliiopic  iiiaii 
can  (li'V(»ii'  liiinscir.  Di'li^litl'iil  as  liis  roiivcrsatiun 
was  r(»  all,  ami  to  iikmi  of  sciciict"  in  itaiticiilai',  it  was 
]ti'ciiliaily  s(»  to  thi3  .srudoiit,  or  to  tlic  in'actitioner  ajul  pro- 
i't's.s(»i'  of  Micdicint'. 

'•'I'lit'y  oftt'H  (.'xpicsst'd  their  astoiiislinimt,  tluit  after  a 
lapse  of  twenty  or  tliirty  yeais,  eii^ro.'-setl  by  i)iiisuils 
of  a  very  dilTerem  order,  he  retained  so  perfeet  and  ]iiinut(! 
a  knowledi^e  of  all  lliat  lie  had  studied  in  his  youth,  under 
the  ,!;reat  masters  of  th».'  Freneli  ('apilal."' 

Thehorrorsof  the  French  Revolution  had  now  ])ass<'(l,  ami 
Christianity  owe  more  took  possession  of  her  iirofaned  and 
rnineil  temples.  Zeal. vns  laborers  were  needed  for  the  di- 
vine work  of  reconstruction.  This  deterndned  young  Dr. 
Brute  to  enter  the  seminary  of  St.  Sulitice,  I'aris.  Ho 
l)e!j;an  his  new  hiltois  in  ISOIJ.  With  eagerness,  his  orderly, 
well-truined  ndnd  i)ursued  the  study  of  theology,  canon 
law,  church  history,  and  the  other  sacred  sciences,  lie  was 
a  model  to  all  in  the  .seminary.  It  need  hardly  be  said  that 
he  was  a  ripe  scholar  and  linished  theologian  when  he  was 
raised  to  tlui  sacred  dignity  of  the  priesthood,  at  the  age 
twenty-nine,  in  the  year  1808. 

Fatiier  Urute  was  oiTered  a  canonicate  in  tlie  cathedral  of 
Hennes,  and  the  Bisho])  of  Nantes  jjressed  him  to  become 
assistant  cha])lain  to  the  Emperor  Niipoletm.  But  he  re- 
fused both  positions,  and  became  a  mend)er  of  the  Priests  of 
St.  Sulpice.  He  was  appointed  pnd'essor  of  theology  in  the 
Seminary  of  his  native  city,  and  was  thus  devoting  his  time 
and  talents  when  the  venerable  Bishop  Flaget  of  Kentucky 
visited  France.  This  suggested  a  fresh  train  of  reflections— 
the  Xew  World,  with  its  vast  spiritual  wants  and  few  labor- 
ers. The  a])Ostolic  Brute  decided  to  go  to  America,  lie  bade 
a  tender  adieu  to  his  good  mother,  his  many  friends,  and  his 
library,  and  sailed  from  Bordeaux  in  the  summer  of  1810. 

"-niToiilv  oniiMcin  on  which  wo  liavr  liciinl  of  liis  tittiiiipliiii;  llii'  praciici'  was  at  Mt.  St. 
Mary's  ''ollo-f.  "lu'ii  one  of  the  Htudi'iits  lirokc  hi-  arm.  unci  tlic  rcL'ular  physician  cimlcl  not 
'bc^  Imd  at  otKH' ;  FntlicT  I!nm'  set  the  arm  so  skillfully  as  to  leave  nothing'  for  the  doctor  to  do 
when  Uu  taiuc— />/•.  II.  U.  Clarke. 


IS  ono  of  tlm 
itlin)i)i('  iiiaii 
<'OllVt'ls!ltinu 
ciiliii',  it  wiis 
>iier  imd  pio- 


,  tliiit  JifhT  a 

liy  j)uisiiils 

t  and  iiiinut*' 

yoiilli,  uiidcr 

w  passed,  and 

pictraiicd  and 
'd  I'or  tilt'  di- 
I'd  young  Hi'. 
1%  Paris,  lie 
s,  his  orderly, 
eolopy,  canon 
nces.  lie  was 
ly  be  said  that 
Avlien  lie  uas 
od,  at  thy  age 

le  rathedial  of 
lini  to  Veronie 
1.  But  lie  re- 
the  Priests  of 
lieology  in  the 
oting  liis  tune 
t  of  Kentucky 
)f  reflections — 
and  few  labor- 
*rica.  lie  bade 
'riends,  and  his 
nner  of  1810. 

)ra(ti(('  was  at  Mt.  St. 
ir  pliysic'iaii  cimlil  ii"t 
111!  fi'f  ll'c  iloctor  to  do 


CIIAPTKR  II. 

A    (ilM.A'f   Ti:A<lli:it    IN     Till:  Ni;\V    \V0I!LD. 

Fiilhir  lintfv  III  Ihiffhiioi'i'  -Af  l-hiniiHlshinii  -Xntc  oil 
Ml.  S!.  JA////.V  ('ulh'ifi'  Trii'nuj  l<>  hitni  EiKjIhh  — 
llix  zi'iil  (1 11(1  lalxtrs  Mdllnr  St  Ion  A  shurl  tritt  (o 
France— His  hihora  and  I'-rdiiiph'  in  Ihr  si minarff  at 
I  lie  nii)iiida'ni--,loltii  llmjlun  and  Fiillur  lindi  — 
Ldlcrs. 

Father  Brute,  in  company  with  Bishop  Flaget,  landed  "t 
Baltimore  (Ui  the  IStii  of  Auirust,  1810.  Foi'  nearly  two 
years  after  his  arrival,  he  lilh.'d  the  chair  of  Philoso])hy  at 
the  Sennnary  of  St.  Sulpice.  lie  was  then  apixtinted  to  aid 
Fathei'  Dubois  in  the  management  of  Mount  St.  Mary's 
C'ollege,'  Kmmittsburg.  Maryland. 

It  was  dui'ing  the  vacation  of  ]81i?,  while  spending  his 
time  in  hard  misssionary  labors,  that  Fathei'  Brute  diopped 


'  111  its  faily  ycar-i,  mi  ollur  iii>litiill')ii  oxcrci-cd  mii'Ii  a  pinvi  ifiil  iiillaciici'  <iii  the  dc-^tliiy 
iif  the  Calliolic  Cliiiicli  in  llic  liiilid  Slalc<  as  Moiiiil  SI.  Man's  (ulhKc.  II  Is  tlic  Mniii 
.1/.)//;'i)f  somi' of  oar  trn-alr-t  prcL'li's,  This  seal  of  IrnriiiTiL'.  siniatrd  al  lln'  foot  of  llic  Minn 
I!id'4i'  Mouiitaiii-.  in  Krcdiiick  Coanty.  Maiyianil.  alimit  llfly  miles  fioiii  Italliniorc.  was  foiindcil 
in  ISil'.t  liy  I{<.'V.  Katliir  Daliois.  a  |)ri''»t  of  SI,  Salpiio.  and  allcrwai'ds  Hi-liop  of  New  V(«-|<.  At 
llrsi  ii  was  an  I'cclc-ia^lical  siininary.  lint  it  ^.'vadnally  a^-ininil  tin'  scope  of  a  t.'i'ncial  collrue. 
Till'  early  rolli'i,'!'  «as  simply  a  lo,'  Iniildini,'.  All  its  lieamy  was  within  its  wiiodcn  walls,  in  lis 
prisiili'iii.  1)11  hois. i|s  "anu'el  L'nirdiaii."  lirnteand  ils  pniini-iiiL' -tndei:is.  In  thi'>iiiaiiiei'iif  iH-.'i!. 
f'aeiilly  and  stndeiils  till ik  po<-e«-iiin  of  lliciiew  edinci'.  In  IS  111.  dnrinL'Ihe  prcsidcney  of  liev.  I»r. 
I'aiceli-  now  tlu'  vcneiahlc  archbishop  of  Ciiiciniiali— the  colleiie  w.is  chartered,  ami  empowcri'd 
to  confer  deirrees.  It  is  sirictly.a  rnHm'if  colleu'e.  Since  IHM.all  stiideiKs  cnlcrini.' its  halls  must 
he  willini:  to  he  instrnctcd  ill  the  doctrines  and  pr.icticcs  of  Hi,.  Catholic  Church.  Anionu'  tho 
t.'iadaales  of  Monnt  St.  Mary's  are  ten  or  twelve  hi-hops  and  arclihi>hops.  Arclilii-hcips  IIultIhm 
and  I'arcell.  a  id  his  Kmini'iicc  Cardinal  McC'loskcy.  are  anion;;  the  minilier.  It  has  ;.'ivcn  this 
coantry  snch  men  of  letters  as  ihc  lale  Cioorj;''  llcnry  Mih's.  and  such  men  of  profe^-iiiiial  ilistinc- 
tion  as  [{cilicrl"  I!arllio|ciw,  Ml)..  1.1.  !">.,  of  riiiladidphia.  The  pre-ent  I're-iilciit  of  this  vcii- 
eriihle  seat  of  learnln>.'ls  l!ev.  .John  .\.  Wattcrsoii,  D.li.— Popular  Ilistoiy  itf  the  Ciil/iiiln'  Vltuich 
in  tUt  iitiUU  6'ta/ti.',  p.  4JT,  with  u  fuw  chuiiac^. 


T54 


lumn  UKV.  >/.»/'',v  liMUUi.i.  ii.:ni:. 


it- 

f 


!l  iiMir  III  r.i-llu]!  FlMU'i't.       Airllliisll"].    I'.Mvl.'V  cnlisidflcl  If 

'•niifuf  liis  liisi  :ittt!mi»fs  l<»  wiitf  in  Kiiuii'^li."' 
"1  :iiii  ir\iim'."  If  sm.vs.  'Mnlc;irii  piin-iirMllv  my  I'liijilisli. 

I  li;ivr  siiilMiss  :m<l  pi.'Mch'Ml     l-.ml  pr.'iicliin^' as  it  may  lu» 

ill   si\   (iitl'nvni    |)l:in'>..     This    must    I'orci'  tliis  dicaiirtil 

•KiiLiTisii  into  my  i.ai'kuani  Iwail.  "!•  I  mii<l  ri'iuitiiici-  I'dw.-r 

ti)  InIidw  it."     ..... 

For  sdiiif  yiMi'«  Muiiiit  St.  Mary's  now  IwcanK'  iIk'  <'1ii<'i 

th.'Miiv  of  liis/rai.  l.-avniiiLr.  and  lioly  iiillmi Il<'  ranulit 

ih  t!if  Coil.'u:!'.   and   li«'  was  tin-  spiiiiiial    diivcioi'  of   llic 
saintly    MoiIkt   Si-toii   and   Imr  sisii'is?  ol"  (lunily   at    St, 

.Ios.>).li"s. 

Moth.-r  Seton  d.'iivcd  tin- irnatr^i  l.cnclit  fffini  Ins  oxcfl- 
l..ni  contis.'ls.  Sii.'  and  Failu-r  Hiuir  w.-ic  such  conp'nial 
sj.iiits  flint  til. 'if  nnnds  woidd  s.-pm  lo  liavf  Immmi  cast  in  iIh' 
sun.'  mould.  .\  vivid  fan.-y  and  ard.-ni  icmi"'ram.'nt.^uiili 
:m  .'ntiiv  vifldin-'  ol  idms.'li'  lo  tlir  imi'idMs  of  Vaitli, 
r:iiis,.d  this  apostolic  I'H.-st  to  f.'(d  most  powcii'nlly  the 
tniihs  ol'  ivliuion.  and  with  a  concsix.nilin.i,'  l\>i'vor  to  aii- 
utnincf  tlit'ni  in  wofd  or  wiitimr. 

His  id<T.s  llow.'d  so  rai-idly  that  at  tinif-s  he  wonld  not 
<\uY  to  uiv."  lli.'in  full  rxpivssion  in  hmiina-.' ;  l.nt  Ih- 
iH.nn'd  foi'tli  Ins  suhj-M-ts.  as  it  u.-iv.  in  flaslirs  of  u..id 
and  s.Mitim.'nt.  l.-avin-  murh  to  1.."  sn^i-li.-d  and  felt  by 
those  to  wliom  Im  addivss.'d  Idmsclf. 

lie  found  in  MoIImt  Sctim  a  sotd  \\li«»  <'onld  follow  liim 
in  his  lofty  and  l."autiful  ilitilits  on  the  wiiiL^s  of  Faith,  who 
,.,,uld  catch  fh.>  lire  of  his  thou-htsand  coinmunr  with  him 
in  the  .miovm.'nt  of  that  .'h'vatimr  i-ow.-v.  From  liim.  in  a 
..•ivit  m-'isiiir.  did  this  uiftcd  lady  l-ain  tlic  sccivt  of  how 
i*nl,..s..rvr  her  sold  in  peace  audd  the  trials  of  her  i..>siti<.n. 
•uid  •il.andoi'.in-  h-Tself  to  tlu-  will  of  Hod  in  all  thii-us.  to 
look  forward  in  hop.>  and  joy  to  the  term  of  all  ."arthly 
(borrow  and  ^ulVeriuLT.' 

In  ISIS  Father  l?rnte  made  n  visit  to  France  for  the  i>ur- 
],„seof  h.-ia-in- over  his  Hbnir>2niaj^^ 

\  u  !'.:,-■  :,  .Mui, ..  nti.l  v.huhlv  ...lloction  of  nearly  5.000  volu..K>- about  the  only  property  ll.o 
Iipo>loiic  lirii!-l  iM.r  po5M'5ftii. 


r(»iisi(U'i<'(l  it 

,  my  I'liijilisli. 
t  lis  if  may  ln» 
tlii";  (IrcMill'iil 
(itiiin-  I'ort'Vt-r 

iiiif  iIk'  <'lii<'f 
•.      Ill-  fimulit 

ITCtnr   ul'     I  III' 

liiiiily   ill    ^'l. 

(l!Tl  liiH  cxccl- 
iicli  coiii^t'iiial 
■ni  casi  ill  tlic 
ciaint'iit,  with 
>(  s   «>r  l-'ailli, 

KiWCl  I'lllly    tll(! 

fcr\(ir  lo  aii- 

lic  would  not 
:iia.i:<' ;  i>iif   li<* 
islit's  of  uonl 
5111(1    f«'lt   by- 
Id  follow  liim 
^  of  l-'aitli.  wilt) 
iiiin-  widi  liim 
'■"roiii  liiiii.  in  a 
sccitI  of  liow 
if  licr  position. 
1  all    tliin,L:s.  lo 
of  all   caitlily 

•t'  f.'c  tlic  im;'- 
iiiy-  tlic  Fit'iich 

lUt  Ihu  only  property  ilio 


liiiiur  liKV.  siMos  i:.\]',i:ii:i.  nnrr/i. 


I.I.I 


•''t'l^'V  In  flic  Ariwrlfan  nd-<slnim.  Oniii-^  arrival  at  I'alti- 
iiiiHt',  lie  ua's  a|i|Miiiiit'd  i*r<'>ic|rnt  of  St.  Mary's  ('ollt-iic, 
wlii'i'i' li"  f.'aiiiii'l  iiiilil  IHl'-',  wii -M  li  ■  a;.i.iin  itiiiiiK'd  to 
I'liniiiiti^lMir;:. 

Moiini  SI.  Mary's  Colli'tro  was  now  jilaci-d  on  a  L^ood  foof- 
iiiLi;.  A  iiit'i»|i»uicai  scliool  was  oiMiitd,  mid  l-'alln'r  Uriito 
Id'canii'  professor  of  tli('o|o;.!;y  aiul  sii|ii'iior  o'  I  In'  scjiotd. 
II "ii-.  for  many  y'-ars.  lie  moulded  tin ■  fniiiiv  |tiii'>ts,  liiNhups, 
and  arrlihisliops  of  llic  cfiiintry.  and  |»io\cd  his  urt'adK-ss  as 
a  li-ai'ii'd  and  saintly  tcaflior. 

••  lli-<  diitit's."  says  Kpv,  I)i'.  McCairivN ,  "  wi'r<>  miiltiplicd 
and  \aiions,  an. I  rt'i|iiii'»'d  to  (li>,cliai;j,v  ilicm  no  or<linary 
sliart'of  /cal,  industry,  and  vci'salility  of  powers.  He  was 
eonfessor  to  the  Sisters  of  (.!|iarily,  and  for  many  years  jias- 
iiir  of  the  (•on,u!'eii;atioii  at  Fimmitfslnir.ii',  wlii!('  he  freipieiiily 
exercised  ill  this  conmei^aliou  sonio  of  the  most  arduous 
riinclions  of  the  holy  ministry. 

"In  the  ecclesiastical  seminary  In-  lectured  ou  sacred 
si-riptnie.  and  was  i)rofessor  <»f  tliewlo^'y  nud  moral  pliiloso- 
]tliy.  In  the  <'nlleue  he  tau,!J,lit  at  dilferent  times  natural 
]ihiIosophy  and  various  other  branches.  True  oveatness 
(liuiiilies  whatever  s[ilieie  it  moves  in.  llisu'enius  and  learn- 
iim'  were  conspicuous,  when  they  expatiattMJ  throiiuli  tho 
palace  halls  of  the  tpieen  of  sciences,  Divinity;  they  \V(M'i* 
not  less  ailmirable  when  they  descemlel  lo  the  huuiMe  task 
of  teachin.u;  youth  f;eo«irai)hy,  or  exphiininu'  the  little  cate- 
chism to  children 

'•  Ills  cheerful  piety,  amitible  mainx'is.  and  livi'ly  interest 
ill  (ill'  welfare  of  his  i)U|iils.  were  sure  ill  win  their  ln'arts; 
and  his  eminent  holiness  of  life  seciireil  iioi  only  respect, 
liaf  vi'ueralitui.  His  exliortalioiis  to  \iitiie  and  piety  could 
scarcely  fail  of  elfi-cf.  because  he  recoinmended  only  what 
he  practised  hiniscll.  No  standard  of  Christian  or  priestly 
exc. 'Hence  to  which  he  [)oiiited  could  apjiear  too  hi<j;h-- since 
he  was  hinis<'lf  a  liviiii;  instance  of  it-;  atiainment.  If  for- 
tictful  of  this  earth,  liealways  pointed  and  allured  to  Heaven, 
he  also  led  the  way 

'"His  hoyrs  of  sleep  were  few,  and  long  before  the  morti- 


m'-i 


V)i\ 


lilGllT  Ilh'V.  >7.V0.V  CMiUIEI.  niU'T^. 


iim's  (liiwn  lif  nriiHt'  to  convorse  with  iUn\,  jiikI  to  piv»'  Tliin 
tlio  Hist  fruits  of  th«' d:iy.  Dining  tlu'sf  i-aily  ni(Hlitiilions 
his  soul,  nlisoilu'd  in  heavenly  coiiteniiilaiioii  niid  iiiliiiiiiti' 
iiniiin  Willi  ilsCivator,  was  lar^vly  visited  with  the  rel'ieshiii« 
(h'ws  of  divine  ;,nace,  and  when  he  aitinoached  the  altar  and 
olfeivd  np  the  Holy  Sacrillco,  his  heart,  already  full  to  over- 
llowinji-,  was  always  overpowered  hy  nMii;iled  emotions  of 
reverential  awe  and  <rratitnile  and  love,  and  olteii  fonnd  re- 
lief in  (•oiii<tns  tears. 

"He  descended  to  the  dischai^'e  of  his  ordinary  duties ; 
l>nt.  like  Moses,  he  bore  the  marks  of  converse  with  his  (Jod, 
anil,  as  words  of  heaveidy  wisdom  fell  fiom  his  ton^ne.  you 
could  readily  fancy  that  his  lips,  like  those  of  Isaias,  had 
been  touched  by  the  seraph  with  living  coals  of  lire  from 
the  altar. 

"  His  time  was  all  divided  between  i)rayer  and  labor.  He 
loved  so  well  the  beauty  of  the  house  (»f  the  Lord,  and  the 
place  where  his  glory  dwells,  that  he  spent  whole  hours 
kneeling  before  the  Blessed  Sacrament;  and  eventmdly  he 
made  it  a  rult^  wheiu'ver  it  was  jnaclicable.  to  recite  the 
divine  oillce  in  His  holy  jiresence.  Thither  he  woidd  repair 
on  returning  from  a  long  journey  during  the  rigors  of 
winter,  and,  uutil  he  luid  salislied  his  devotions,  no  per- 
suasions (■<»uld  induce  him  to  attend   to  his  personal  (■••m- 

fort. 

"At  other  times,  uidess  he  was  engaged  in  active  duties, 
you  would  find  Kuv  in  the  midst  of  his  splendid  library,  sur- 
rounded by  the  writings  of  the  Fathers  and  Doctors  of  tiie 
Chun-h,  and  whatever  besides  is  most  rar<>  and  valuable  in 
.science  and  liteiatuie.  i)ursuing  his  devoted  studies  with  in- 
tense application  and  wonderful  acliviiy  of  uuml.  orcomndt- 
ing  to  paper,  for  the  benefit  of  others,  the  results  of  his  pro- 
found investigations. 

"His  recreation  was  but  variety  of  hibor.  When  his 
weaned  uund  demanded  its  turn  of  relaxation  the  most  ar- 
duous bodily  toil  succeeded,  and  this  louud  of  exertions, 
mental  and  corporeal,  was  kept  up  with  an  elasticity  of  spirits 
and  activity  of  uund  truly  surprising.     After  a  journey  of 


uiiiiiT  iu:v.  .^r.voy  aAnni/-:r.  inii  r/J. 


7A7 


)  give  Tlim 

KHlilUtioriH 

(I  iiitiiiiiilo 
■  rcl'icsliiii^ 
*>  iiltiii'  and 
111]  tu  over- 
moliniis  of 
I  fomid  ro- 
ll ry  (liitlrs; 
til  liis  (<(i(l, 
(•ii;iii<'.  you 
lsiiiii>',  1i:hI 
(f  lire  from 

labor.  He 
i<l,  and  (lie 
diolc  lutiiis 
elitiially  lie 
I   recite   tlie 

uiild  lepair 
e  rii^or.s  of 
lis.  no  jier- 
rsonal  coiii- 

tive  duties, 
library,  siir- 
clors  of  tiio 
Aaliialije  in 
lies  with  iii- 
.  orcoinniit- 
s  of  his  pro- 

Wliell    hi:-! 

the  most  ar- 
)f  exertions, 
ity  of  spirits 
I  journey  of 


fif'tlt  iiiihx,  performed  on  yW  iniiHinuIeday,'  book  in  liaml, 
piayinir  and  reailinu  by  turns,  and  Mrarrely  stviipinu'  to  rakn 
the  simple  ii'f.'ciiou  iliiit  natiiiv  reipiiifd.  In- would  me.-i  hi.- 
I'lii'iids  in  I  lie  ••veiiiiiir  with  a  fieslmcss  of  spirits,  iind  .uay.-iy 
of  eotiversatioii  that  eoiild  not  lu>  surpassed. 

".\s  profe.ssor  of  Iheolouy  |m>  eliielly  excelled  ill  two 
tliiiiiis  a  vast  erudition,  which  left  notliiiiu- niifxpN.ii'd.  and 
11  siiiiAuhir  power  of  ^vneiali/,iiiu\  which  enabled  him  to 
^riisp  his  whole  subject  and  handle  it  with  ease,  by  ininuinj,' 
all  its  rletails  under  a  few  pMieral  principles.  In  t-xhibitiiiju; 
ami  siippoitinu  these  |iriiicip|,'s  he  put  (orthall  his  stivnuth. 
After  addnciiii;  all  the  evidence  which  his  extensive  reading 
leailily  fiiini>lied,  eliicidatine;  i*  |,y  |,is  luiniiioiis  explana- 
fioiis  Mild  applyinu'  the  logical  tests  with  cautious  juduinent, 
and  impurtial  ri]uor,  his  excursive  mind  br^Hiuht  in  a  rich 
;iii(l  aliiiost  «iorne(»iis  profiisicui  of  anah»L:ies  jind  illustra- 
tions froin  every  part  of  the  wide  domain  of  hunuiii  kn<*w- 
ledye."' 

.\niiiii;r  Father  liriites  students  at  this  time,  miylit  be  seen 
a  Itrinhr.  noble  loctkin^^  yoiin<,'  felldw,  who  had  manfully 
brushed  u  host  of  dilHculties  aside,  and  pushed  his  way  into 
the  cliiss-rooms  of  M(»iint  St.  Mary's  Colleev.  Many  a  day 
he  listened  to  his  illiistiioiis  teacher,  storinu-  u[»  the 
treasures  of  kiiowleiliic  that  flowed  from  his  lips.  At 
leii'^lli  III' was  raised  to  the  jtriest hood  in  18:2(1. •  .\nd  whowas 
this  student  i  .loliii  llughe.s,  afterwards  Archbisho]»(d\New' 
V(.rk. 


'  AnhliWiii))  lla.vlcv  i.'lvc«  tlic  fiilliuvlni.'  nMtmiraiiiliim  frcitii  Kall.ir  llriil(''i'  •Iiiiiruiil.  ||  U 
il:ili  il  V:irili.  IK.'I  :  "(In  llir  ivinliii;  of  llir  1 1I  li  nf  Miin  li.  Mr.  KaiiiplmiiN  iiniuil  iil  lIuniiMiii- 
liln  111  rcc.ill  Mr.  llUkiy  III  Iliiliini.Mi .  Tli'>  next  iminiiiiu'  afirr  I  hail  1 1  Ulir.itiil  mat--  al  SI. 
■l'i-i|ili"«.  I  -larliil  (111  fiHil  for  nalliinorr.  Hlllmiil  «iiyiti«  awiail  In  aii.\lii>ily.  li>  ^|pl•ak  In  Ijii' 
.\irlilil.ti()|iaiiil  Mr.  Ti'^-iir.  anil  inili'avor  III  irlain  linn.  Slii|i|iiil  al  Tain  vIiumi.uI  rallirrXiMJilN, 
iiml  L'lil 'iinirlliiiii!  Ill  cat.  \\  Wlnrln-tir  foiimj  nut  lliat  I  liail  not  a  |ii  iniy  in  iii.\  ikk  kil.  ami 
»a«  iililiL'ril  lo  LTit  my  dlniirr  on  crfiUl.  Arrhid  al  Itallimori'  i.VJ  inilfi  III  iniiniio  licfnrc  10 
•  I'l  lii'k.  .Mr.  Iliikcy  lo  riniaiii  at  tlir  ((iIIil.'!'.  I.itns  llm.  Sit  mir  on  my  iilnrii  Ilii' next  day 
ilf'.llii  In  llir  arirrnnnn;  ..Inppi'il  nt  Mr.  W'illiam«nir",  n  1-J  mill-'  fniin  llif  illy.  wlnri'Mi?  sluiin 
oiiliu'i'il  nil' 111  tiiki'  ri  fiisfr.  On  Satiirilay.  Kill  (SI.  Patrick's  Dayi.  saiil  nia>>  anil  iiniilr  a  ili>- 
<oar«i' lo  till' piiipli' on  till'  trxt,.rf/(f  Mi»" '<"■"»'  umii'i/i/  .M  To'clork  !-larliil  aL'ain.  lliiMMial 
■mil  rain  in  my  faiv. 'onu'liiiii'^  fO  -ii'viTi'  a-"  almii«t  to  takr  a»ay  my  linalli  :  aiTivcil  al  Ijii- 
niiiiinlain  al  10  1  i  o'l  link  al  ni^'lit.  In  L'oiiii;  I  nail  -'ISH  paL'i'"  in  .\nlri|iiil'.-<  l/isfunj  iii  Fianrf, 
till' rili.ni<  of  l.oiiis  XII. .  anil  rrancis  1. :  1 1  pairi"  of  Cii'ini  fh  ({ftiiii.i;  :\  cliaplirs  in  ihi' .ViHi 
Tisliimiiil;  my  olllri' ;  rt  riled  tlii'  cliaplrt  llinv  tiinr".  On  my  joiiniry  back  the  wiiul  lilcw  so 
lianl  timt  1  cunUI  only  ruul  a  jiaiiiiilik't  of  •£>  puj;i'M  and  my  oftlci'.'* 


•m 


iiiauT  iii:v.  siMos  liMUiii:!.  itiiirii. 


Ynim^'  Faili.T  IIiiKlu'slx'iriiii  liis  IiiIm.ih  in  a  m-w  mid  flioniy 

(Ii-lil  ;  lull    III*'  Kiiitl   iiiiish'r  dill   iinl   l"i»i>;ft    his  i iii>iii« 

l.iii>il.  "MytU'sa'  Hh'IIu'I,"  wiiirs  l{.'v.  I'lt.f.^M.r  niiiir, 
••  m;iy  <»'»«l  lilcss  Miirh  wis.*  and  piiid»'iit  lK';iinniiigH  of  yfttir 
liuly'miiiistiy  amidst  siicli  diillnilt  and  jarplfxiiiK  cliriiin- 
Mt:UM't's  as  it  "lias  pl.-as.-d  Hint  t<>  try  iIk-iii  liy.  May  ll»'i»l«'s.s 
Micli  worlliy  sfiiiinicnts  as  fxiiivssi'd  in  \t""'  I''!'*'-" 

ill  all  Ills  p.-iplrxitit's  the  I'litiiiv  airhliisliop  lia<l  n'roni'SH 
to  Katlin-  Mniir.  lie  asUs  Ids  opinion,  now  upon  a  point 
«.l'  tJH'olouy.  attain  upon  son  »•  sinlicpiaiian  siilijfct  ;  now  Im 
appli.'s  to  iiini  to  liiid  a  piissa;-!'  in  oim  ol"  tlic  l-'allnTs  ;  now 
roiisiilis  liiin  upon  .1  tpK'siioii  ol'  pliilosopliy.  or  asUs  from 
liiiii  a  summary  oi"  tlif  piimiplts  ol'  t'anon  Law.  wliirli 
l)eiii'  upon  tin*  t'xistin^-  clinrcli  dilliciillit's  at  I'liiladrlpliia. 
■"ipoii  all  i>oints  this  cxtiaoi'dinary  man  was  ivady  to  satisfy 

Inm.' 

WlhMi  FallK'i'  IIiiuIk's  ei'('cr«»d  St.  .I.-hn's  Chnirh  at  riiil- 
nd«'lphia.  ami  was  about  to  havo  it  ih-dicatcd  in  ISIW,  Im 
wrote  to  his  (h-ar  old  Professor  :  "Could  you  not,  Ix-  liciv  on 
that  dayf  h  would  add  t(»  tin-  solemnity  of  the  oe.a-.ion 
and  be  a  subject  of  joy  to  all  your  friemls— who  are 
know  or  ever  heard  <d'  you." 

'•I  have  heard,"'  replies  Father  Brute,  "from  all  <piarN 
of  the  sxreiit  success  that  <fod  jL^ants  to  your  noble  iind* 
takiii.u.  The  details  you  give  me  are  of  tlu?  most  pleasiiiif 
nature.  The  invitation  you  add  for  the  day  of  (•ons«'cration 
]  acknowled<>;e  with  all  my  heart  ;  but.  l)e  sure  that  my  good 
ol)scure  corner  here  is  my  true  place,  aiid  a  <'oupli' of  miles 
of  radius,  just  to  St.  .J.weph's,  the  true  s]>ace  of  my  useful- 
ness; for  the  rest,  iit'si'/ri  d  pro  iiihila  rcpitfari.'''' 

In  a  cciiiy  i>f  the  Nr»  York  Tnilh  Tilln:  hcfnrc  ih,  iliitcil  Oilnhcr  imli,  IH'.ll.  wr  Iliid  a  no- 
tlri'of  the  cipiiiini.'  of  Ml,  si,  MaryV  Colli  yr  In  wlilch  il  !•-  i-lalcd  that  "tlic  Kiv,  Mr,  llnilO  una 
Ihiollur  iinii;l)ii>  of  tin'  iii-tiliilioii  a.-sict,  uh  iiMial,  in  Uuir  ri.-piclivo  Uc'imtlmclil!!." 


w  niid  tlioiny 
is  |)ioiiii>iiiK 
■fssur  niiiir, 
lin^H  of  yuiir 
xiii;;  ciifiini- 
M;iy  ll.-l.l.-ns 
fthr." 
had  n'«'ourMH 
ipoii  a  point 
ijrcf :  now  lio 
•'allK'i'.H ;  now 
>r  aslvH  from 
Law.  wiiicli 
IMiiladrlpiiia. 
idv  to  satisfy 

lUrch  at  IMiil 
1  in   is:i:.',  he 
ol  li(f  Imt*'  oi> 

tilt?  Ofcasiou 

lo  ai«'         '  '*■ 

n  all  qUAVir 
nol)l<!  iindi 
nost  pleasing 
consccratioi) 
tliat  my  ^ood 
inplc  of  miles 
;)f  my  uscfiil- 


li,  IK'.lt.  \\v  (liid  a  no- 
ic  Idv,  Mr.  Ilnilu  lUiJ 
mrlmvuls." 


Toii.tNti  IN  lilt:  wi>Ti:ijN  \vii.m;uN*r.sH. 

Ihtriiiin  Ills  fi'iiii  Itiiiii'  .1  II  hi  III  Is  i  niixi  i-inlnl  liisliiip 
iif  V  ill  II  mil  s  Km  jiliiHi  ill  Ills  III  II'  Si  I  Hi'i  I'lllhiiiiJ  III 
ciiilli'  (ilitai'c  III  his  liiltni.s  dinl  rlilins  Ills  ilnilli 
and  cliUiitrb  r. 

Otm  day  in  tlm  month  (»f  May.  ISM,  whllf  Father  Mrnt*' 
was  ^^iv  in;;' a  let  leaf  to  the  Sisters  of  Charity,  he  wa>  handed 
soM\e  dociimeiils  whieli  had  eoiiie  all  t he  way  fi<»m  Rome, 
lie  went  into  the  ehapel,  and  <»n  his  knees  opened  them- 
ihe  nnllsaitiMtintin;,^  him  IJisliop  of  (he  newly  ertrted  See  of 
N'incennes,  [ntliana. 

Mis  hnmility  was  alarmed.  Tie  made  a  retrt>at  to  know  the 
will  of  Ileiiven,  and  only  after  lonu,  ami  carefid  retleetion 
would  he  accept  the  ^reat  responsioility.  '*  I  have  been  nn- 
nsnally  en«a<;ed  sitice  I  received  the  m'ws»of  yonr  elevali<»n 
to  the  episcopacy."  wrote  hisold  pujiil.  I'-ather.bdin  Iln;;;lies. 
in  AM-,;tist.  I8:M,  *■  My  con^iial  idatioiis  aie  (tn  this  account 
liilif,  but.  not  less  sincere.  The  [tlace  which  you  have  hith- 
eito  occupied  seemed  to  nn*  so  important  for  the  (Ihurch, 
that  I  confess  it  is  with  re«;iet  1  see  it  vacant.  Iblt  when  T 
think  of  the  ways  by  which  Almiylity  (tod  aci-omplishes 
His  desi<rns,  especially  in  reference  to  the  Church,  I  have  no 
doubt  but  it  will  be  fotnid  accordinii  to  His  will."  The  new 
lu'elate  was  consecrated  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year,  and  at 
once  set  out  for  Vincennes.  He  arrived  there  in  company 
with  Bishop  Fla^'et  and  J3ishop  Parcel  I,  on  the  ."itli  of 
Njveniber. 


m 


iiiniii  iu:\  sr.voy  nMutim.  nuvrd. 


♦*Snmn  niilfs  iH'fuii'  ic:i<|iiiii;  tlif  rify."  wvWvh  Hisli«.|» 
lliiiif,  "wf  \M'H'  niti  l»y  ii  mmiiM'f  «»f  iitizi'ic*.  riilliolirs 
mill  Pi'MtPHtiiiil*^,  on  lioi'<4fliarU,  who  litiil  tiiToinp.iiii**!  iIk' 
puislor.  U«'v.  Mr.  Liiliitni.-n',  u  iiallvfor  lli«'Siat«',  tiiul  llu» 
llist  |iii  '^f  oi'.l  ilii.'il  Vw  \iiici'iiiH'H.  lit'  was.  of  fuinsi',  lillt<l 
with  ji>y  ill  '41'fiii'.;  a  ItiHliop  ^laiitfil  to  hi-^  Imliaiui,  aiitl  nil 
the  ililialtitailts  ><>f||l«'it  to  mIiiU'i'   ill   it. 

••'I'll ii'iin»iiy  of  installation  took  phu-i'  tli('>'nni«'«'V««nlnK. 

llislii.ii  h'hi^.'t.  who  forty  tliifi'  yi-ar-*  In-foiv  lunl  liffii  iht- 
inlssioiiary  piii'si  ht-rp  wln'ii  it  was  a  siiii|i|.'  tiadiiiKi""!  n"! 
itary  |iost.  in  thf  midst  of  the  siirroiiiiiliiiv;  wilih-nifss.  pro. 
(•.•Kti«Mlr<»ntlilrt'ssth»'|«'«»|ih' with  his  usual  h-rvor.'  Nriitiatril 
aadh'-lovt'dliy  all.  hiiiisi'ir  in  th.' sfv.'iity  {'0111  Ih  ytar  of  his 
a^^i'.  hi-  i lit  10  Inct'd  lothcin  liifinu-w  Misho|i.  iiolonj^cc  yoiiiiLf, 
iM'iiijLi'  ill  his  lilty  foiiilh  y»'ar.  and  iir^it'd  lliciii  to  iiiaUopiod 
iis««  of  thf  privih-i^ps  wliich  <iiid  In  His  nn-icy  had  bestowi-d 
niton  iIkmii.  Oilh-r  iiisti'ictioiis  wt-if  pvcii  <liiriii,u'  Iho-^o 
days.  On  Sunday  I  olHcialfd  poiitili<'ally,  and  on  Monday 
my  Vfiii'iahlf  collca^iiit's  took  thrir  Icav*',  amid  thf  l»lfs.siii;-M 
of'  thf  wholf  population,  to  Jftuin  tit  ilifir  ifspectlvo 
diocfsfs. 

••Thfy  litfi-ally  Ifff  nifnlonf.  Fathfr  I'ftit  wasoltlij^fd  .'"(.n 
torftiiin  to  ills  rollf«,'f  in  KfiitiifUy.  Mr,  lialumifrf  took 
cliaiKf  of  thf  missions  in  thf  vicinity  of  Vinffiiiifs,'  Imf 
still  twfnty-livf  or  thirty  inllfs  distant,  and  in  thf  wliolf 
dlocfsf  tlifif  wfif  hut  two  (ttlifr  prifsts.  otif  Mr.  Kfiiifdin;;. 
in  fliarp'  of  thf  (ifrman  missions  l.")(i  milfs distant,  and  .Mr. 
St.  Cvr,    whom    Hisliop    Mosati'     had   iifrniitted   to  ns.sist 


I  TIk'  niiiml.lc  |-|;iL'-t  «M-  til''  llr-f  I'l-liop  "f  I."iil»vllli'.  I!.'  «.i-  horn  In  Friincr  In  ITIVI.  Il»« 
niailchl--lii(li.-iil  ilM'  liilvciMlv  of  clnnioiu.  iinil  li.i  iiim>  ii  ni.niluT  of  llif  I'lir-i.  of  SI  Siil- 
iil.c  llr  liimliil  III  Hiiliiinoiv  111  IVI^',  .ind  hii»  ii|i|.c.lnh'.l  !>>  lU-lioii  Cum.ll  lo  llif  fur  iiwiiy  ml.. 
xloii  ..f  VlMccmi.H.  Ill-  »a»  !i  l.T.'.il  mlnilr-r  of  \Vu.l.liii;lo,i.  Wli.n  !»•  «ii-.  rmiMf  r.l.il  lli-lHi|.. 
In  IMIO.  lil..lin.,«'  .inl.rm-.'.l  tl.c  MlH.i-lpjil  Viill.'V.  Ilr  Miiurllin.-  nmil.'  Joiirii.'.VH  of  •.VKK'  mil.  ii 
nt  II  llmr.  'llii-  inil)  liii"i<'  niaii  ill.il  In  \K*).  ul  tin-  rllir  ,w  of  KT  .Vfiir»,  ilurliiK  W  of  whii  l>  \v 
liiiil  liilmrril  in  AnuTira. 

■'  Vim.'MiM-  -look  il-  niinir  from  ii  Frrn.  h  nm.rr.  M.  I)c  Vinnnmx,  who«iiH  Hiii-.-tK-ml  iin 
nu'c/iu-o  l.v  llir  liiili.ini..  loiriilM  r  »  llli  a  .Ii-nil  I'atli.r  who  had  a(r..nip:ini.d  him  in  an  .viirdiiion 
to  iirocn"  tlir  frhnillv  lrih.»  »ho  livid  upon  Ihr  Waha-li,  uh.r.-  thr  Sociil.v  hail  .MahlUInd  Ihi- 
liilt.i'loiiof  SI.  I'lanriw  Xa>lir."-//l«Ao/)  hint!. 

■■>  lUshop  UoHill.  a  iialiM'  of  Italy,  and  ii  miinhrr  of  Iho  foiifrfautloii  of  llif  Mission, wui-  uj). 
pointid  llffl  lli-'hop  of  St.  Loiiij'  in  miV.    IIi'  ilii'tl  in  IHW. 


M,  CiilllolirM 
ll|).llli«><l  tlli> 
Itt',    tliul    til*' 

•uiir"*!',  mi''! 
siii:i,  itiitl  all 

lllll'^•vl'nill^^ 

lilll    Ix'I'll     till' 

iii;.^  iiiul  mil 
k-nu'ss.  i>rn. 
'  \'<'iii'iiii<'<l 
I  Xi'iw  (if  his 
iii;,'('i- yoiiim. 
»  iiiak*'  j^^odd 

11(1  lU'MtOWl'll 

Miinu'  tliHvp 
oil  Motulay 
he  Mcssiiijis 
•    it'specJive 

(»h!i^<'(l  .'ooii 
umirl'<'  todlx. 
(•(MIIM'H,"    lillt 

n  the  whole 
.  Kfiiu'diiij,', 
lilt,  and  Mr. 
Bil   to  iiNsist 

Friiiirr  III  ITIVI.     II»» 

(■  I'lii'.l-  of  SI  Sill 
III  llif  (iir  uMiiv  ml-. 
rniiMTnili'il  lti-liii|i, 
iriii'.VH  iif  '.'.>Kl)i  mil'  H 
iriiiK.'iT  of  Willi  li  III' 

O  WIIN   HltlMIK-ri'll  III! 

illii  ill  an  i'V|iri|i;liiii 
hail  i'Kialill!>lii'<l  till' 

lilt'  Mlasloii.wuH  a\t- 


Ilium  i!Hv.  "tvox  tiM'Mim.  nil!  If:, 


7ni 


nil'  for  oiii'  y«'ai',  and  who  was  Miulioiii'd  at  rhlr;i^o  'J'i^ 
niilt's  oir, 

*  Till' Catlipdial  Chiinli  \h  n  \>\n\n  biJcU  luiildiiiu,  ll.*)  ffi't 
loii',f,  iiiid  (Id  I'i'i'i  hioiid,  I'oiisisiiii;;  (if  tln'  I'oiir  uiilK  tind  iIm» 
initr.  iiii|ilaHtt'i'iM|.  and  not  ••\i>ii  whitf  uaxlifd     no  >!iin'tiiiiiy 

not  fM'ii  !i  |thni'  for  pri'M-rs  iiiy,'  tin-  M'stnifiilH  and  siiiivd 
M-^i'lx,  It  hasoiilyii  Miiii|i|i'  nlrar  of  w.iod.  with  ii  m-ally 
l^ildi'd  taUt'i'iiai'h',  and  ii  rross  ntid  sivlicitntlfnl  r!indh><<t!i'Us 

I  v;il't  fi'otn  l-'niiifi'  uhh'li  wt'i*'  niiD'h  in  contra-^t  wiih 
111  ■  |)  ivi'i'ty  iind  iilti-i  di'>liliitioiio|'thi-  plat'c  Tin-  hoii'^c  imili 
I'm' ill''  niissjoiiary  and  now  tlit>  ('|ti'Hco|itil  r»'«*idt'iirt'  con- 
.hNis  of  :i  small  coinroiialtli' I'ootii  and  clost't,  2.*i  f)>«'t  Ity  I'i, 
vviihoiit,  howcvt'i'.  !M'i'||!ir  imdi'i',  or  a  uiiiiff  alto\i';  n  sniiill 
plot  in  a  uanh'ii  lies  lii-t\«<')'n  it  and  tli<'  rli  irrh,  on  the  oihi-r 
i«ldi' of  which  is  fill' Catholic  cfiiM'lt'i'y.  Sonu-  years  simt'. 
the  town  had  a  common  hiiryinu;  ^'loiind  |iti'pat'cd.  hcyond 
lis  llniils,  iind  insisted  for  a  while  that  the  ( 'iitholics  should 

hlliy  theii'dead  in  it  like  the  li".!.  Imt  they  le-,is||.d  so  reso- 
lutely that  they  were  at  last  permitted  to  hiuy  in  their  own 
ceiiieiery.  All  old  witodeii  iMiildiiiir.  a  short  distance  from 
the  pahn'e,  Is  occupied  by  the  servant,  and  near  it  Isa  stiil»l<» 
r.';i  ly  for  the  llishop's  huse  when  he  is  al>le  to  jjet  one. 
•'Tlie  people  are  llio^lly  of  l-'lelich  descent,  poor,  illiteiale, 

ii:if  of  iliat  op  -a.  lively  disposition  which  bespeaks  their 
Mii^iiii.  They  retain  the'r  l''aitli.  love  their  priest.  I>iit  an* 
'I  '^liu'eiit  in  atteiidiim'  to  their  reliuioiisdnties.  They  are  very 
I'-iniss  ill .',()  ill  teachiiij;  their  children  their  prayers  a;id  the 
catechism,  and  this  causes  them  to  fory:et  it  themselves, 
Maay  also  are  in  I  lie  habit  of  iisintr  profane  lanyiiaue.  It  is 
Iriie,  an  I  should  be  meuiioncd.  (hat  of  late  years  they  hav»* 
b 'en  niach  in'uli'cied.  and  much  of  their  former  piety  seems 
now  to  be  re  kiiidliiiu  in  their  hearts. 

"The  kind  recepiion  I  met  with  on  u\\  iirrival  wiis  fol- 
lowed lip  by  y;eneroiis  uifjsof  provisions  and  other  necessary 
thing's.  Of  money  they  have  little,  and  consequently  can 
/i'ive  but  little.  A  siibscri[»ti()Ji  list  which  was  handed  around 
sonio  months  after  I  came,  with  the  intention  of  providiau; 
a  yearly  income  for  my  suit]»ort,  did  not  roach  two  hundred 


vvi 


liiuni  ut'.v  f-nms  tiMiuiri.  inn  rfi. 


•lulliiit,  mill  iiiM-t  itf  iIiIh  vvif4  In  ))•■  |iiii)|  iii^Miiiii,  if  liny  liitti 

llnf  lllolM-.V  tit    ill*'   lillli-," 

li  will  lliu<«  lifM'tti  rliiit  wIm'Ii  lli-^lmii  jtiiilf  lupiii  lilx  lit- 

liiil'*  III  \  ilH'.'||lh"«,  Ih'lllly  •'Vt'lS  llliliu  \\ll"»  lu  cirulf  il  '.••tlll.^ 
Illlt'\.  ^I'liituh,  rlli||t'liri«,  iiiulllll  llli'M>  Willi  till  iliroiiii*  of  li'i»w 
llltlll  H-.'ll  il  tiinlltll,  lit*  VVII<4  liolll  |ll«l|i>|)  iilitl  |i||lit||  |i|i«-<*t, 
:ili<l  111"'  I'iiiimI  of  lull  WHS  rt'!iM'|i's<..  I'.vriy  SiiimIiiv  In-  v;i<Vi' 
iwit  iiiHiriM'iiuiiH  ittti'  ill  {■'■••lull,  iiiiMilii  r  in  liimJiHii.  ||i< 
li'H  no  I'oi'in'i' of  liU  wlltl  iiiul  widi'ly  i«t>tiiii>ri'i|  i||oi'i>hi>  iiii- 
visitiil.  Ill' wrolf  (•oitiiiiii:ill.\  flit'  ilic  ('ill Jiollf  |)ri<<i«.  IIJH 
fiMiil  iiiitl  rliilliili;;  wi'if  n|'  ||ii>  \«>iy  |i|;iilit'<<l.  As  |o  tiiotit>y, 
il'  111'  liiiil  :iii\.  In-  Uih'W' oiil\   liow   loyivi-  il  iiwiiy.      ••  1 1'  lit* 

luill  live  tlulilll-.,"   Nlllil  on.'  of  his  j  lilxls,  "  it  Willi  jo  ll|i<  IllNl 

|H>isoii  iliiit  iisKi'il  him  fill  iiiii||iiy,"  llforii'it^tivi'  tiwiiy  liin 
;^','it'iiii'tiis,  iiM)l  III'  Wiis  kiiiiwii  III  Im'sIow  hi»  liiicii  :tii<l  iiluhi- 
rliiihi's  |o  |)ri(ii'  iu'LTioi's  whom  III'  visiiiil  iiml  Miliiml. 

'rill-  jll't  ('lllinll  III'    Mi'ssi'il    w;is  |il:in>i|  limh'l'  ihr  Jiilllojl 

up' of  till'  Mli'^'iil  \  iiuiii.  iiiitl  nilliil  St.  Miiiy'n.  tin  t'Vfiit 
uhirli.  Ill'  siiys.  miivi' him  ••;^ii'iit  hii|i|iiiit>s."  of  hiNlii,! 
vi>il  III  Chii'iiyo.  Ill'  writ I's  :  ••  I  <:!Hroiily  n  IVw  roiitii  mnljoii-, 
iiiiil  ihiri' iii-irii<iioii>.  mil'  on  Siiliinliiy.  ami  two  on  Sin;- 
eliiy.  io  t'lH'oiinip'  iIm'  ii>iii,u  ('iilholic  ((iiijircjiiilioii  of  ilmr 
Uio>l  im|ioii!iiit  poiiil.  Il  i^  now  rom|io,st  (I  (,f  nlioiit  ;i  o 
souls  of  all  I'oiintiii's.  l-'iriiih,  ('aiiailiaii^.  Aiih'I  iraii><,  lii^li. 
timi  a  lvoimI  iinmlii'i'  of  (Ji'rmaiis." 

WIh'Ii  III' visjicit  till'  Imliaiisaml  tlnii' ;:'oi)il  missioiun'y, 
l-'ailiiT  hi'  Si'illi'.  Ill'  was  rrn-ivi'il  wiih  ilfliiiht.  Om-of  lli.' 
rhii'fs  maili'  iIh"  ni>lio|i  a  |iii'si'iil  of  ;i-.'(i  arn-s  of  lami,  say- 
iiiu;  iliMt  "IJimI.  ulnii  III'  uoiijil  I'l'tiini  fioiii  llfavi'ti  lo  visit 
our  I -a  It  II.  wmilil  si -i' thai  moiiml  which  tli»'  Imliaiisyavc.  ami 
that  il  woiihl  provi'  to  llim  llii'ir  simi'ii'  di'votinii  in  ||is 
1k>1v  ri'li.uioii  aii:l  tin'  mi's««i'ii,iii'is  lli-  hail  sent  to  si-cnit* 
Its  bless inys  lothi'lll."  IIi>  conlii  iiinl  siMccii  hiiliaiis  oil 
this  occasion.  '•  On*' was  an  old  chief."  writes  the  Mishop, 
"wlio  since  his  IJapiism  liad  led  such  an  innocent  life  timt 
ho  had  iiol  Ih'ch  ol)serv»»d  to  commit  any  fault,  or  ^ivo 
\vay  to  impatience,  or  any  other  imperfec!  ion." 

Ah  \ui  passed  by  the  pretty,  iieuteful  fsitu  now  udgriied 


if  tiny  littit 

pill  liU  hi* 
itf  :i  ot'hil" 
■oiiii*  of  \vt>m 
ri»li  I'tir^r, 

IliV  In-  j;ii\i' 
iiuli-<li.  Ill' 
tJinciM'    Mil 

jtH'^H.     IIIh 

S  1*1   |ll<t||l'\  , 

y.  '•  ir  I'l.' 
It  toihf  tli>i 
Vf  insay  liis 
I  iiinl  iiikU  !'• 
liintl. 

I  III'  |i|ll|o|| 

'f«.  till  t'Vfiir 

or  his  lii^i 

titii  iii:iliuii<, 
\\t>  oil  Siii;- 
IJuli  of  iliiil 
iilioiit  )  0 
ifiiiis.  |ii«.|i. 

iiiisHldiiiiiy, 

One  of   ill.' 
r  l;iliii,  >iiv 
i\<'ii  t(»  vi>it 
lispivc,  tiliil 
itidii   to   His 

lit    in   M'CIirc 
IlKJiilllS    nil 

tlic  Hi>lio|i, 
cut  life  tliiit. 
luU,  or  ^Ivo 

low  adyilietl 


h'niin  iiKV  stvos  uAfimr/.  tint  rfi. 


im 


t»y  iIm'  I'liiMi-iiy  of   Notn*   l>iim«','  iln'  kft'ii  fy**  of  ttiM 
ii|Mixtiiiir  iMiiii  hoti'il  !(■<  iDhiiiittij^i-."*,  iitnt  In-  !•  hiiiiiM'it  tluit  it 

>V.|S    "il    lll'»'«t     l|l"»i|||lt|l'    ,«.|M»t,    limt    OlU*    XOOll     I     ||OjM>   ro   Im*  IH'> 

nif, It'll  Ity  HoiiiM  |»io««p»'ioiis  In-'llfiillou." 

Idit  \vi'  liiiM'  Hot  room  to  follow  Dr.  Hnitt'  in  lih  tlri'U'«*'4 

Jllltol'' IM  II  Mli«««io|||ir>    |li-||o|t.      S«'V»'l!ll  llll|i«>  Im' riiiH'^inl  t||i« 

ort'iiii  Ml  llii'tnll  of  iliilN  ;  iiiiil  If  wii«<  ulilh'  on  Ills  wiiy  to  iif- 
Ixiitl  ilii'  ('oiiiH'll  of   lliltiiiiori',   ill   tH:i7.   tliiit   Id*  caiiulii  u 

HMVi'l ol<l.  s\llii'll  tilliill,\  '.'li'W  ilitorohsiiiiiitlioii,     ilh  Ik'iiIiIi 

itt'clitii'il.  Ixit  not  lii'4  iii'ti\  iry.  To  tht*  lii^t  li*' nmih  iip  nml 
cloin;?.  On  ohm  oi'('ii-»loii  Iit>  iM-yaii  ii  joiiiin-y  of  four  lniii' 
ili'i't  mill's  In  II  stafi'  of  siii'li  hoilijy  milffilnu:  I  lint  lie  roiilil 
it'it  sit  iipriu'lif  oil  liio  lioi'si*.  bill  III'  niaiifiillv  |>ii«lii-<l  almiu', 
(liilv  six  lioiii's  Iti'foic  Iii>sii>atli  III'  u  loti'  \\  illi  his  o\Mi  lialhl, 
till  I  not  wiilioiii  itiii<-li  pain  ami  <lilll<'iili  y,  mvi-iiiI  iiio\iii!4 
li'tti'i's  to  |M>rsotiH  who  hail  u  fottnnatfly  kImiiiiIoiu'iI  tlii> 
piat'tirt'  of  tlnir  l-'aiili.  tiinl  to  whom  In-  wIsIumI  to  miiUo 
this  ilylii-'  apii^al  in  lii-lialf  of  i.ii'ir  souls,  wliih'  llii-  |toiliils 
of  I'li'iniiy  *'.«'i<'  r|o>!im  iij.on  liim.  •  I  am  roiny;  lionn'." 
s;iii|  ihix  siiiipj*',  >aiiiily,  ainl  lit'ioir  man,  tliis  viiri'-'l  nml 
profoiiml  sclioliir.  as  In'  lalmly  ami  swi-Pily  sinh'mh'rt'il  his 
Hoiil  loOoil  on  till' -jtWli  of  .liiiif,  IHliU.' 

I  'I'lii-  fiimmi"  ••'111  ••(  Il  ririiiii.'  «ii"  riiiiiiiliil  li.v  III!'  Vi  ry  ll>>.  r'il»iir4  hmiii, «' s,«'.,  (ii  INW, 
|i.  ■.•iii.Oli  mihI  the -phiri' iir  II"  n-iriiliM-- li.m  ki  |it  |iiim«iiIi  iIii  iitiiiii  ■•  "if  )r,ir-.  Ill  llli' 
-liriii.' iif  IHiiilhr  iii.ilii  iiiillilliii;-"!'  111.'  I  iilur-lu  mtf  liiiiinil  iliirtii;  Imi  ilmini;li  ilir  i  in  riry 
111  111.' (rliiTiiliii  riiiili'li  I  .ilnl  III"  I  iMiu'ri'LMll'ilt.  II  lia- ari-i  II  fiiMii  II-  h-li'"  liinihln  iiiiil  liuiiii 
h.:iiiiiriil  llMli  >\>r.  \>r\  II. A,  WMcirlty,  CH.r,,  I..i/l'  Ii|.  ihKi.  il  •»illi  iIm'  lii-llHilimi,  I-  Hi.' 
|.ri  -I  III  I'll  •lili'iit  lit  Niili'i'  D.iiiii'. 

'  Ai  ilii  iiiiliir  III"  Ihi'  I'll"!'!  )i'iir'  if  iiilinliiMriitliiii.  Ill-iinii  llriiii''  Irft  l<>"llii'  •'Ininli  iif 
hiilliiMii.  '.'I  jirii  -ti.'.'^lrlliirrlli",  lii'»li|i"  M  hiinli  IiiiIIiIIhl'-  iumI  'If  •liilNiii-  iirni-li'iiiilly    ti-ilnl; 

!ir.'llj[l"ii«« iiiiiitiilli"   I  lli.iiiii'.'iiiil  .I'liiliiiiry.  I  nillru'i'  for  \ I'i  im  ii.  I  riiiiiilr  m  iiil.iiiy .  iiiiil 

■J  fill'  ..  liiiiil-.  Willi  -111  11  a.  Iili'\i'iiiiiil"  llii'  nailrrulll  l><'  -iiri'Vl.iil  In  liiiili  lliiil  lii'  «tti.  (ijipUPDa 
1.1  «.iliii.'  Ill  il.  Ill,  mill  wiiiilil  iH'UT  •lun  II  miiri«ii«i' <m  cl.unli  viD\t\tiy"-iH:  tVuct*. 


n 


Fatiikr  l):..\ii:Ti<irs  Air.rsTiNi-  r,.\Lixrzi\, 

Al'dSTLi;   or  WKSTllKN   I'K.NNSVLV A.MA.' 


CU  APTKK  I. 

A    I'KIMT.'s    Ycllll. 

Biitli  iiiid  r,iii  iifs     Fjihc-iitioii     Molhi  riiiKl  S<ui-  Yoini'j 

(iilJlHzhi  Inruiiirs  i(  ('ilfliollc  .\  l>(  ii  jii'-t il it  lUiml- 
riils  iu(  inirix  h>  fidi-rl  !  it  .\iliiiii;i  I  iifidilds  hrfnir 
(li/Hir(iliil(>ll  (lir  hililhl,  hint    ■■oil. 

Di'iiictriiis  ({jillitzin  wns  hoin  on  tli»^  2'2(\  of  l)ecfTnl)or. 
1T7.>.  ;tl  the  nuLrn.".  his  fatlxT,  Priiic'  (JaUilziii.  In'in.i:-. 
!if  tilt"  tiiiH'.  cmlKissadov  to  liollaiul  troin  111*'  Court  of 
Hiissia.  In  tlio  history  of  Uiisslii  th«'iv  nif  ffwiKiiiics  nioro 
illustnoii.s  than  that  of  ({allif/in.  The  giftt-d  tnotlMT  of  th.' 
iwinccprit'st  Ix'lon.uvil  to  a  nobh'  (M'rnian  family.  Sh.' 
was  the  (hxiiiiht.T  of  Ki(>hl-Mavshal  Cniint  dv  Schnicltaii, 
o.'.e  of  tht>  favoriti^  p'licrals  of  FrtMh'i'it'k  tlic  (ircat. 

l^v  his  woildly  and  ani1)itious  fallior.  the  younii;  Dcnu't- 
litisAvas  dt'stined  for  th(>  profession  <d"  aims.  His  wliolti 
cdiication  was  liicrt^foiv  of  tho  most  comph'tt'  military  cast. 
1  \r  scarcely  ever  heard  of  reliiiion.  In  his  boyhood,  he  was.  in 
truth,  more  familiar  witli  the  names  of  Voltaire  and  Diderot 
thiin  with  the  sacred  names  of  Jesus  and  Mary.  His  father 
was  an  nnlxliever;  and  iin  infidel  education  had  darkened. 


1  CliU'f  milli(iriiii<  iisi'il  :  s.  M.  llrMwiisnii. 
iiiid  rrii'^l;"  cliiiUf.  ••  Mi'iDDir  of  (i.illii/in  ; ' 
..f  l!K'<'atlic)lic  Clinrcli  in  Ihf  I'liilvil  Slulo;'; 
I'llilL'J  StUlCB." 


•l.ifiMif  Di'iiirlriiw  Aii'.'ii-tiii.'  (iiillit/iii.  rnnrc 
■/■/„>  r,i'/iii/h'  Will/'/.  iV./.  //.I  ••  I'op'il'ii' lli-lnry 
While,  '•  Ssliilcli  iif  till'  I'.illiDlic  lliiiK  li  ill  tlm 

705 


nil 


tHi 


miF 


'*/'/'• 
«(ii) 


iwrimn  HKMiimivs  avcistisk  (im.i.itzix. 


if  not  (l.-troyt-'d,  thf  fiiitli  that  li.nlitt'il  npliis  iiiotluT's esuly 

yea  IS. 

Thf  rrincfss  (lallit/in  was.  in  flic  liiirlicsf  s(>nso,  a  lady  of 
rare  uifts.  ouf  wIkisc  ixTSdual  afiiaclioiis  wtc  diily  sur- 
])assi'(l  l)y  Iht  Ix-aiitit's  ol"  mind  and  In'ait  ;  and  llic  Al- 
iiiiulily  ill  His  own  ;;'(kuI  time  niririlV.lly  l»'d  Iut  back  to  his 
jldly  Cliurch.  In  178<5,  after  a  scvciv  sickness,  and  years  of 
jstiKly  and  examination,  a  li^ht  broke  in  niion  her  troubled 
Hdul  ■  she  a,ij;iiin  iMM-ame  a  CallMiUc. 

As  this,ii;ood  and  noble  motlier  became  m(»rereli!iious.  her 
(hM.j.  Miixiety  for  the  welfareof  her  only  son  increased.  His 
l(.t  was  cast'in  wild  times.  Men  lan-hed  at  reli.uion.  Inli- 
delity  was  daily  .yrowiiig  in  boldness,  and  the  rumlde  of  the 
French  jjevoln'tion  be,«:an  to  be  heard  ovei'  Kiin.pe.  On  the 
fourteenth  birthday  (-f  J)em<'trins,  J>e<-cnd)er  i?2,  17S-I,  she 

wrote  to  her  child; 

'Mam  Mile  I  with  alternate  joy  an<l  terror  on  this  day. 
.My  lirst  thoiiiiht  <m  awaking  this  morning  was  one  of  joy 
and  thanksgiving  that  (iod  had  given  you  to  me  ;  given  to 
m.',  perhaps,  to  hav.'  brought  into  the  world  a  great,  good 
man  Ibit  that  i-r.Kii ai's  \  Here  a  second  thought  c.mies  to 
rri-htenme.  'To  <lav,'  1  said  to  myself,  •  fourteen  years  liave 
passed  for  him,  andO  (Jod  !  he  is  still  entirely  without  \\\\\  or 
eneruy.  creeinng  about  under  the  inilueiice  of  others  !' 

'•This  i)ainfnl  thought  brought  on  another  —  still  more 
terrible-the  doubt  if  this  being  whom  I  had  carried  under 
mv  heart,  would  finally  be  acceptable  to  God,  and  eternally 
bh'ssed  (U-  wh(>ther  lie  would  continue  to  run  to  perdition, 
in  spite  of  the  e.Kcellent  gifts  which  the  Almighty  had  given 
that  he  might  become  the  best  and  happiest  of  men,  in 
spite  of  all  mv  prayers,  warnings,  and  entreaties. 

••  \t  times  during  the  last  months  I  hav(»  been  filled  with 
better  hopes,  and  the.se,  T  freely  admit,  have  not  now  alto- 
gether deserted  m.%  only  they  are  depressed  and  clouded 
bv  the  worse  times  of  late,  and  by  the  ever-recurring  signs 
of  the  shivish  submission,  with  which  you  again  give  your- 
self up  to  vour  frightful  laziness  and  inactivity. 

"Beloved  Mitri,  oh!  would  to  Uod  that  to-day,  being  your 


mm 


)tlit'i'so;iily 

so,  11  IjkIv  of 
w  only  sur- 
ind  tfic  Al- 
•  biK'k  to  Ills 
mid  ycMi's  of 
her  tidiiblt'd 

■cliiiious,  lici' 
iciiscd.  His 
liuioii.  Iiili- 
lllll])U'  of  tlio 
>l)t'.  On  tl'.o 
22,  17S-1,  sh." 

(U  lliis  diiy. 
IS  one  of  joy 
lie  ;  ft'lvcn  to 
I  <rv(';it.  <;ood 

^Ullt  COIIH'S  1o 

Ml  years  lisive 
itliout  will  i>r 
)rlieis  ! ' 
—  still  nior(! 
•arriod  under 
;ind  eternally 
to  i)erdition, 
ity  had  given 
t  of  men,  in 
es, 

en  filled  with 
not  now  alto- 
and  clouded 
'eurring  signs 
in  give  your- 
y. 
ly,  being  your 


FATiiEU  j)i:u/.runs  Arnr.<T!.\/:  ti.M.i.ir/.ix.        7t*.7 

Mrtlid;iy.  ivndiiig  this  Icltfr  you  wi.iild  I't-ain  aufw  wiili  this 
■  -tliMt.  fci'ling  for  yoni'  slavisli.  clViMiiiiiatr,  and  indoltiit  in- 
ert nt-ss,  tliiMliNMiist  uliicli  it  Mirrits.  Itccansc  of  its  ruin  of  y<inr 
hai»i»ini-ss.  yon  niiulil  !«'  lillrd  wiili  drmd  in  iwirw  in,-'  IIh' 
past,  and  fall  on  yoiir  knt-i's  to  invoke  hini  for  tin-  mmini: 
tinii'.  with  till' ••onsi-ioiisncss  that  yon  have  now  \\\  imst  ic- 
solvt'd  with  your  wliolc  soul  to  act  in  fnturr  asji  fiv."  licing, 
will)  knows  that  lliou-li  no  in  iii  srps  liiiii.  (ioil  scrs  him.  and 
c:ills  him  ti»  an  ctfinal  <Icsiiny. 

"Oniy  Mitri.  in  this  rxiicctatioii,  dcaivst  child.  1  thi'ow 
myself  with  yon  at  the  feet  of  our  Father  kneeliii-  1  write 
it  -and  cry  from  the  depths  of  my  heart  :  Have  mercy  on 
him  and  nie  !'" 

'i'he  grac"  of  Cud  aii<l  the  lahors  of  an  able.  ].ioiis.  and 
earnest  ninther  soon  brought  about  tliedesiivd  result.  Three 
years  after  the  foregoing  letter  w:is  jienmd.  young  Demet- 
rius (iallit/in  eiiteri'd  til."  Chuichof  agvs.  'I'herriiicesswas 
more  than  happy.  He  took  the  name  of  Augustine  in  con- 
lirmatioii.  to  please  his  mother,  who  was  especially  <levote(l 
to  ih-.it  (ireat  l)(»ctor  (»f  the  Church,  because  of  the  similar- 
itvofthe  maternal  love  with  which  she  w.'pt  and  prayed 
f,',r  her  s(m  tothat  of  St.  .Monica,  ofuhich  her  friends  de- 
lighted i(»  remind  her. 

neferring  to  his  own  conversion.  Father  (iallitzin  alter- 
wiirds  wnib':   ••  1    lived  during   lifleeii   yeais  in  a  Catholic 

eouiitrv.  nndera  Catholic  government Dniinga. 

great  part  of  this  lime  1  was  not  a  member  of  the  Caih- 
oMc  Chmrh.  An  inlimacv  whi.'h  existed  b.-tweeii  our 
Familv  and  a  certain  ceh'braled  Fr.  iieli  philosopher,  had 
l,ro,biced  a  .•onrempt  for  religi-n.  Kai>«'d  in  piejmlice 
:,...:,inst  IJevlalion.  1  felt  ev.uy  disi-osrlion  b.  rnlicnle 
llu.se   very   principU's   and    practices    which    J    have   since 

'"'*'1*'''*1-  •    I'A   ^•t■ 

"During  these  unfortunate  years  of  my  inh(U«lity.  Jiar- 
tlcnlar  vaw.  was  taken  m.t  to  permii  any  cleruynien  to  come 
near  me.  Thanks  to  the  (bxl  of  iniinite  mercy,  the  clouds 
of  inihhditv  were  dispersed,  and  icvelatiou  adopted  in  <.ur 
familv.     lV.on  felt  convinced  of  the  necessity  of  investi- 


M 


i' 


m^ 


rOS 


r.\riii:n  i>i:Mi:Tiins  mcistim:  ti.M.i.nvjs'. 


^Miin,ir  llif  dilTiTt'iif  ivli<ii(iiis  sy.stt'ins,  In  order  to  liml  ilio 
Iiih'  oih'.  Alilioiiii'li  I  was  born  a  nicriilMT  of  ilic  (Jicck 
Cliiiicli,  iiiitl  iiltlioiiuh  all  my  iiial*'  i-«-liitivcs,  wiilnnit  iiiiy 
«'Xfi'iitii)ii,  wt'i'f  oillii'i-  <?r»'cks  or  I'rotf.siiints,  \v\  did  I  re- 
solve to  eiiiltiaee  that  reliuit»ii  oidy  wliirli  niioii  iiii|iaitiai 
iiHiiiiiy  slioiild  appear  to  me  to  li"  the  pure  ivliuioii  o| 
.Fesils  Clllist.  My  elioice  Teil  iipol!  tile  Calliolic  Clillieli. 
aii'l  at  tile  au'e  ol' altoiit  seventeen  I  liecaiiie  a  nieinl)er  ol' 
thai  (Mnirch." 

This  eoiiversion  did  not  divert  the  yoiin,i>'  penieiiins  IVoni 
the  nnlitary  (■•.ireer  wliich  liis  father  wished  him  to  endiraee. 
'I'hroiiuli  ilie  iiilliieMci'  (d'  iiis  uncle,  (Ji  n.  Ndn  Selinieiian.  he 
received  an  appointment  in  (he  early  ])nrt  of  \V,)1  as  ain't'. 
(Ii-riiiiii>  to  Ilie  Aii^'liian  (Jeneral  \'on  Liilien,  wlio  eoiii- 
mamled  an  army  in  Hralianr.  'I'his  was  ai  the  ept'iiiiiL'  of 
the  lirst  cain|>,iimi  auainsi  the  l''rench. 

The  prince  was  then  in  ids  twenty  second  year.  In  siai- 
nre  lie  was  tali  ahuit  li\t' i'ei-t  ten.  His  frame  was  si. 'udei- 
but  viuoroiis.  His  iiair  was  i)lack.  ins  eyes  very  iiail\  and 
liiilliant.  ami  an  air  of  reseive  and  diunity  seemed  to  tliiow 
a  charm  over  iiis  iiandsonie  j)eison.  lie  was  skilled  in 
liaadliiii;  the  .sword,  and  oilier  wailii\e  weapons;  ai;d  as 
i'or  niaiianin.u' a  ciiai'iiei'.  lie  conhl  ride  wiiii  .Mexaiider  ihe 
(Jreat  iiiniself.  Such  was  Demetrius  as  a  youii;u'  miliiaiy 
oliicer. 

'J'liesndden  deathof  tlie  l']inp:'ro:'  Ijeopohl.  and  theassassi- 
nation  of  tiie  Kinu,'  of  Sweden -acts  c((nsideicd  as  the  in- 
famous worliof  th;'.lac(jbins  indiici-d  Aii-iri  i  and  I'l  nssia  to 
dismiss  all  ihe  forei,i>iiei's  from  tliei  rain  lies.  'I'lie  yoimu'  i'lince 
(iallii/in  was  thus  smldeiily  depiivid  of  Ins  military 
l)osiiion;  and  iiis  fatlier  and  ir.other  advi>ed  him  to 
travel  I'n  oi'di-r  to  linisii  iiis  education.  It  w;  -  decided  thar 
lie  slioald  visit  .\iii";-ica.  stndy  its  instil  ntions.  and  make 
the  personal  acquaintance  of  Washington,  .leffeison,  and 
otlie'.  famous  men  of  that  day. 

A  .unidc  for  the  iioble  yonn,!"'  traveller  was  found  in  flio 
])prson  of  Rev.  Felix  P)rosiiis.  a  yoan^-  priest  and  i-,rofe.s.s(ir 
of  matliemaH<'s  nho  had  firmed  the  ivsohuion  ol'  i-oln"-  to 


1. 1 7/ IX. 

Ill'  to  lilid  llio 
nf  I  III'  (Jit'ck 
's,  \viiliiiiii  iiiiy 
I,  yv\  (lid  I  it'- 
\\\tnn  iiii|>:iiiiMl 
irt^  ix'iiuidii  <i| 
tliolic  Chiiirli. 

1'    11    IIK'IIiIk'I-  ('[■ 

iK'iiH'liiiis  rr<mi 

lilli  Id  •iiiliiiii't'. 
I  Scliiiic||;iil.  Im 
r  17'.).'  iis  <n't/tt. 
it'll,   wlio    Cf.ii;- 

tllC  (llK'Hillf    i>( 

y»'!ir.  In  sini- 
iiit'  Wiis  sl.'iidt'r 
very  iliiil\  iiiid 
I'llH'd  to  tliiow 
\v;is  skilled   ill 

'.'llidlis  ;  iii;d  ;is 
.MfXiilidfl'  lli(^ 
koiiliu'   iiiililiijy 

ind  tliciissassi- 

■I'cd  ;is  tli<'  iii- 
I  ;iiid  I'l  ii^si;i  to 
"'  \oiiiin'  i'riiici^ 
liis  iiiilifiiry 
Ivixd  liiiii  to 
-  decided  tliiit 
tii-^.  Jiiid  iiinkc 
.IcfiVison,  jiiul 

s  found  in  tlio 

;iiid  id'ofcssor 

Jii  ol  going  to 


FATif/:/!  i)i:Mi.Tiin:s  AU(n:<irixf-:  (iaij.it/.is. 


rna 


fliorniti'd  Stjitfs,  for  wli jell  piiriiost'lic  jiiid  sp«'iit  two  yctiis 
sfiidying  Kiiglisli.  I|,.  wms  to  net  llic  \x\xi  of  u  fijrndly 
tutor.  It  was  tin-  uisli  of  th,.  Piinci'ss  that  DcinctiiiH 
siM.iild  continiu}  liis  study  of  the  scifiic-s.  and  make  use  (d' 
iIu'Iu  ill  his  obsenalions  in  the  New  World. 

Fit'tters  rd'  introduction  to  Wasjiington  and  P.isjiop  Carroll 
wciv  at  oiK'o  itrocmvd.  It  was  decided  that  the  Prince 
siioiild  travel  asa  simple  geiitleniaii  in  fact,  under  the  name 
of    Mr.  Anfiiislhir  Kr/nntt.     before  sailing  a  grand  hall  was 

given,  and  the  young  traveller  it  istold -dance.l  fi( hnk 

till  daylight."  It  was  his  hi.sf  dance.  The  hour  came  to 
.say  adieu,  and  his  Ixtyisli  heart  llnttered.  As  he  stood  on 
the  edge  of  the  pier,  a  misstep  sent  liini  plunging  into  the 
lainy  deep,  in  his  niotiier's  im'seiice.  lint  he  was  a  good 
swimmer  and  was  soon  picked  iij)  hy  the  hoat  whi(di  cariietl 
lliiii  to  the  vessel  -a  sailing-vessel.  Old  ocean  Itegaii  to  de- 
velop iinknowti  poweis  in  flu;  soul  of  Demetrius  Augustine 
(iallitzin.  even  as  he  ga/.ed  on  the  fading  wave-beaten  shores 
of  Europe,  in  August,  179:2. 


CHAPTER  IT. 


Tin:   Y<HN<t    l'l!l.\<i:-IMMi:sT. 

First  (Inifn  In  Aiiirrfru — ^'rir  tiiiff  /n'f//n  r  ni<ni(ihfs—Iii  (he 
acinUKinj  Oi'du'iHi'il  to  Utc  init  sllnnxl'  Falltt  r  (idllit- 
^iii  /.v  .sciif  OH  it,  siiHjiiIiir  niinsiou  (()  Viif/iiiid  Sti'oii<je 
rmifn—Aihiin  /jin'ii(/s/(tii  ami  his  (nnihhs — Whaffol- 
ioircil'  -  FoUht  ( 'dh  ill  -  ( 'OjUaiit  MvGnire  -—  (JalUlziu 
Jomidsd  Calholii'  ruhntij. 

Two  months  and  a  half  after  bidding;  adieu  to  his  niotlier 
on  iht'pieis  (tf  IJotterdani,  yoiinj;-  Prince  (Jallit/in  uas  in 
J{altini(»re.  In  company  witli  tlie  Hev.  Mr.  Piosius,  he 
presented  his  letter  of  introduction  to  Pishop  Carroll.  The 
jirelate  received  him  with  every  mark  of  kindness,  andpro- 
(NUN'd  him  cordial  welc(nne  in  numy  of  the  most  cluirminj^ 
lialiimore  h(»mes. 

The  kind-hearted  Pishop  also  offered  the  yonnjjj  traveller 
letters  to  families  in  Philadelphia  and  other  cities.  Deme- 
trius remainetl  a  little  while  lookin<i;al)ont  lialtimore,  '"hav- 
inir."  as  he  s:ud  himself,  ''nothin<?  in  view  bnt  to  pnrsno 
hisj(Mirney  through  the  States,  and  toqnalify  himst'lf  foihis 
original  vocation."  lie  met  with  nothing  bnt  kindness.  lie 
saw  an  activ(\  energetic  peoi)ie  full  of  frankness,  Xor  did 
liH  fail  to  appreciate  the  Amei'ican  chaiacter,  and  the  cir- 
cumstances of  the  new  country.  II«'  belu-ld  a  land  of  jx'ace 
and  plenty- with  a  vast  si)iritnal  Held,  and  few  laborers, 
A  new  light  shed  its  rays  on  his  nund.  It  was  from  Heaven. 
He  no  longer  thought  of  his  travelling  tour.  The  work  of 
his  life  took  form  in  his  manly  .soul,  and  he  offered  his  ser- 
vices to  Bishop  Carroll. 

770 


FATiiim  Dh'M/-:r/iirs  MnisriM-:  t.A/.Lirxix. 


771 


tithi  r  ( 1(1  II it- 
tin — Shtnif/e 

'i  —  (Jallilziii 


I)  his  mother 
Ilt/in  \\i\n  in 
JJrosius,  he 
Jaiioll.  The 
less,  nntl  \\H)- 
jst  cluirining 

ini,ij  traveller 
ties.  Denie- 
iiiiore,  '"hav- 
\\\  to  pursue 
liinst'lf  for  his 
viiuliiess,  lie 
ss.  Xor  (lid 
and  the  eir- 
land  of  ])eace 
few  laborers, 
"roni  Heaven. 
The  work  of 
fered  his  ser- 

T70 


Without  delay,  the  y<»un;r  Prince  heuan  h.s  theolouiral 
studi<"<  ill  flicldit  rect'iitly  Um\n\v{\  S,  iiiiinii;/ 0/  SI.  Sidpi,,,' 
at  I'.altimore;  iiiid  afh'i' iieaiiy  three  years  of  dilip'ut  sliidy 
and  the  most  exemplary  coudiicl,  the  great  day  «'aine  around. 
It  was  the  I8tli  of  March.  17!»."».  The  candidate  was  in  ids 
twenty  lifth  year.  HiNliup  Carroll,  with  inexpressii)|e  emo- 
tion, raised  jiim  to  thai  holy  dignity  in  which  he  was  to  he 
ii  priest  forever  and  forever.' 

The  young  priest  desired  to  remain  in  the(|uiet,  liappy  se- 
cliisioii  of  the  Seminary,  and,  at  his  own  earnest  lecpiest.  ob- 
tained admission  as  a  member  of  the  Priests  of  St.  Sulpice.' 
IVishopCarroll,  however,  could  not  dispense  with  hisservices. 
After  lalxding  in  Hallimore  and  various  c(tuntryiilaces  in 
Maryland  Fatliertiallitzin,  in  Ihesuminerof  I7W7,  wassent  on 
a  singularmission  to  N'irginia.  Heportsof  mysterious  events 
occurring  there,  had  spread  over  the  country,  and  he  was  de- 
puted to  hold  an  investigation  as  t(»  their  truth.  He  spent 
from  September  to  (.'hristmas  in  making  a  ligid  examina- 
tion. "Xo  lawyer  in  a  court  (»f  justice,"  he  wrote  to  a 
friend,  "did  ever  examine  and  <'ross-exaniint!  witnesses 
more  than  I  did."  At  lirst,  the  young  prince-priest  jilaced 
no  i'a'th  in  the  repeats;  but  the  more  he  investigated,  the 
more  he  soon  came  to  a  full  belief  in  the  tiutli  of  what  he 
saw  and  heard. 

These  singular  events'  are  full  (»f  interest  and  instruction, 
and  serve  to  illustrate  the  famous  saying  of  St.  Thomas 
A(piinas.  that,  "if  Viecessary,  (lod  would  send  an  angel  to 
instruct  those  wh(»  sinceridv  seek  the  true  Faith.*'  Tliev 
occurred  at  Clipton,  near    Martinsburg,    Virginia.     Living 

'Till-  Scmlimry  of  St  Snlnlic  ix  llic  dlitc-t  Ciilliollc  lii«Mlull(m  (if  the  kind  In  llii'  Cnltcd 
Stall'*.  It  was  riiiiticliil  in  KHI  liv  tlic  IlfV.  Kniiirh  CliiirlcH  Niil'hI,  S.S..  iiiid  thrci'  pili  -|«  of  the 
Sixirly  of  SI.  Siil|il(  !■.  In  ISJJ  iIm-  Ilnly  Sir  riifrd  II  to  tlii'  rank  of  ii  Catholic  CiiUir-ilv,  with 
power  to  irrant  (Icltims  in  tlicolou-v  and  tin' frlciici's.  Till"  viinralili'  winiiiary  oi'iupirH  a  ci'ii- 
lial  povltion  In  Italtlniori'.  anil  Is  one  of  tlir  allraclions  of  ilii'  "  Munuim'nlal  City."  It  has  n 
flni'  lilirary  coiitalidnL'  aliont  'ri.iH*)  vulnmis.    Tin'  superior  is  Very  liev.  A.  .'Mai.'nien,  S.S..  I)  I). 

''  Father  Stephen  Itadln  was  the  tlrst  prie-t  orilalned  In  the  I'tilti'd  States,  lint  hi'  wu-  ii  deaeim 
liefore  leasing  Ills  native  Fianei'  Kathertiallitzin.howcver.  was  the  mC((/((/ orduilied.lnit  the ./((■«< 
who  was  (i/l  ours- "ours  from  the  first  pas.'e  of  his  thenloL'y." 

■■'  Many  years  after  he  quietly  withdrew  from  the  Society  of  St.  SuIplce. 

'  For  a  full  account  of  them,  «•«  Ihc  ••  Life  of  I'rince  (iailitzlii."  l)y  Sarah  M.  Brownson.  It  la 
a  hcuiitifnl  work,  and  hy  far  the  best  bU)(,'rai)hy  of  the  Prince  ever  written. 


77-j        r.\rin:it  hE^ir.rmv^  M<'rsriyn(!M.iiT7.i\. 

tl,..|v  wns  .\(l:iiu  l/ix  iiiu>t*-ii.  a  l'r«»l« '^tjiiil.  :ni.!  :in  lioiH-^t, 
iu<lustii.)us  faniuT.  All  !it  one.-,  If  f.-lt  IIm-  I'iowiis  ..I'  iiiIh- 
foitiinc.  Ill  Moui.'  myMtin'K.ns  \viiy..'v.-i\  tliiii,i:  scnn.Ml  t..  ••.. 
ii^irmsi  hiiii.  His  biinis  wciv  l.imi.-<l  down,  his  cnttlr  »li.<l, 
tlip  rlutliiimc^'  111*'  I'iiiiiily  \\:is  .Icstioyr.l  l.y  lire  or  nit  up 
into  liitl.'  pirc's,  (lisli.'s  iiiitl  rmcUny  nvmv  l)i<-kcii.  tlio 
fmnitiin'oft.'n  moved  Jil»«)iil  lli»'  moms  in  short,  S:it!in  Jip- 
l)(.iuvd  to  he  pl;iyin,u' Ih.' most  maHcioiis  tiirks  uionnd  the 
jticmisos  of  Mr.    Li\  in.uston. 

M:  isH'isof  nil  pt'isuasions  were  spid  for,  but  the  evil  one 
lan-h.'dat  tli.-li'ciVort!*.  At  l.-nulh,  inord.M'to  fiv  tln>  Ik.iisc 
from  its  tmnoyiin.vs,  sfveral  men  ranic  from  AVinch.st.T. 
Thry  w.Mv  ;v.-n  aiin.'<l.  No  soom-r,  however,  had  th.-y  en- 
t(.red  the  residence  than  a  Ini^iv  sK.iie  was  seen  toissne  from 
the  llre-plaee.  ami  whirl  ri.nnd  upon  ihe  lloor  for  more  than 
liffeen  minutes,  when  tlie  ji''"Hl«'""''>  ^:l!idly  sneaked  away. 

Havlii"  als(.  applied  to  thr onjnrers,  they  «iav.'  him  s<.nie 

herl)s,'"a  Look  (•'Common  I'rayer" ),  ami  a  rid.lle.  l.y  way 
of  eatching  the  devil.  The  very  lirst  in-iht,  the  lu.ok  and 
herbs  were  found  in  a  very  i,unominons  piece  of  chainber- 
fmiMture.  which  was  covered  with  the  riddle! 

In  the  midst  (»f  this  iidsery,  ^Ir.  Livin<,^s|on  had  a  very  re- 
markabl..  dream,  lie  seem.'tl  to  toil  ii))  a  steep  mountain. 
At  the  top  was  a  cliuich.  in  which  he  beheld  a  man  curi- 
ously dressed.  "This  is  the  man,"  said  a  voice,  "who will 
briiij,-  von  relief."  lie  related  his  drean\,  and  was  tohi  that 
Catholic  priests  wore  a  dress  similar  to  what  he  had  seen  in 
dream  land,  lb-  wished  to  see  a  priest.  A  lonir,  weary  jonr- 
iiey  bron^iht  him  to  an  humble  ehurch.  He  entered,  looked 
at  the  der-ivman.  and  e.xclaimed  aloud:  "The  very  man 
1  saw  in  my"  drenm!"  It  was  Father  Denis  Cahill,  a  hardy, 
zealous  Irish  missionary. 

Father  Cahill  not.  however,  '.vithout  a  ,i:ood  deal  of  per- 
suasion  went  with  I.ivin-ston.  and  beheld  dear  evi<lences 
of  the  truth  of  the  farmer's  story.  He  sprinkled  the  hou.su 
with  holv  water,  and  then  went  his  way. 

It  was  soon  after  this  that  the  disturbances  recommenced, 
and  that  Fatlier  Gallitzin  was  sent  to  investigate.     1  le  deter- 


r.V. 


iwriiiin  in.Mirrnn s  .wutsriM:  >;.\i i.iry.is. 


1 1" 


l!l  llOIM"*t, 
ins  nf  \\\W 
'IIM'il  III  irn 

•ntiU'  (lit'd. 

•  or  nit  lip 
Kikni.  tlic 
,  SmImii  n|i- 
iiomikI  i1i<» 

I  lie  t'vilono 

(•  tllO  ||<»IIS(* 
\'ilH'll»'stcl'. 

Ill  iIk'v  t'li- 

•  issue  fl'nm 
■  niofi'  tliiin 
ikcd  !i\vii\. 
»•  liiin  soiiK.' 
llt>,  l»y  w;iy 
'  Itiiok  :iimI 
)f  cliainlH'i'- 

ul  !i  very  i»*- 
)  iiininittiiti. 
I  iiiiin  ciii!- 
,  "wliowill 
as  tnlti  ilmt 
had  sfcii  iu 
Avcaiy  jniii- 

'1'<'(1,  lonkt'd 

(•  very  iiinn 
11,  a  liardy, 

deal  (if  pev- 
U'  cvidt'iiccs 
d  the  lioiiS(3 

rominenred, 
.     He  del  01- 


ndni'd,  ciiire  for  nil,  to  er^dieise  ilie  e\il  -iiiiits;  Inir  n  » 
Huiiiiii  liad  ke  iM-iuii  to  leciic  iln'  |iriiyiis.  tliaii  ike  inti^e 

(llMt  issued  flnlM  every  side  made  liitn  IielVnUS.    He  s|(i|i|iei|, 

Went  foi'  Katlier  Cahill.  ntid  llie  Iiixli  priest  linislied  lli"  af- 
fair, lie  said  Mass  ill  the  house,  ninl  the nniiKyaiiceeeased. 
The  Liviniistdns  lieranie  pioMs  rsiiliolics.  and  rnuileen  p'-r- 

SMJis  were  ennvei'ted  l»y  tiiese  sUpi'l  lial  Uial  (•ecnilener>. 

Ilavini!;  nmelnded  his  \  iruinia  investiuatinns,  the  yiuth- 
ful  l-'athei- (Jallit/in  tMnf  ninie  Iteiraii  his  /ealnns  lahois  in 
the  ndssioiis  of  Miiiylaiid  autl  I'enii'^ylv  aaia.  l-'nll  of  yeid. 
MJid  intensely  Catliolie  in  lieaitand  soul,  llie  prince  pi iesf 
was  >lHieked  at  the  nn-( 'ailiolic  spirit  lliat  iviuned  ainnnu  his 

Cuimreiratlolis.       If  these  pe(tp|e  heiieved  ill    I  lie  doctrines  of 

tile  ('hiiicli.  they  wo  lid  gladly  have  her  anlliorify  reduced 
to  zero  if  not  further  I  A  vulvar  arrogance,  hasi-d  on  iuiior 
nnce.  had  possession  of  not  a  feu  minds.  .Mniost  too  jiie* 
siiinptiioiis  to  receive  inslruciioii.  and  too  iunorani  to  )e 
hnml)le,  they  had  l(»st  that  ^laiid  and  simple  Kaith  wliiih  (  r- 
aliles  man  to  yield  a  nol'le  ol  edience  to  (oul  and  ieIiL:ii  n. 
What  they  lackeil  iu  solitl  kiiowledue,  however.  \\as:iliiiiid- 
antly  siii>plied  hy  loose  fancies  ami  reli<iious  whims,  de- 
rived from  their  heretical  mi^hlM.rs.  For  tlnni  liheily 
un'aiit  license,  and  all  law  was  opj.ression.  The  cnntiiiii;:! 
interference  of  such  nii'ii.  and  their  dictation  iu  CliiiicU 
matters,  were  an  abomination  to  the  apostolic  (lalllt/.in. 

Ihit  not  one  of  these  mental  ciiriosiiies  and  UK-ral  dwaiTs 
was  the  hravj'  Captain  McOiiire.  a  ii<iod  Irish  Catholic,  and 
a  rlistiniriiislied  ((Ihcer  of  llie  IJevoliition.  After  t lie  War  of 
lnde))endt>uce.  he  resided  iu  ^laryland  ;  and  Iteiny  a  ;ineat 
hiintei',  lie  often  penetrated  into  the  'primeval  forests  nf 
western  Pennsylvania.  The  sound  of  his  rijie  was  fivipieiily 
echoed  hy  the  most  distant  of  the  Alleahanies.  On  the  vry 
Miuimit  of  this  lofty  ranuc.  in  what  is  now  Cambria  eoiinly. 
he  boiiirht  a  larue  tract  of  ('(Mintry,  and  vveut  there  with  ids 
family  to  reside,  in  1788.  The  pious  Cajitaiu  lost  no  time  mi 
jmtvidini?  for  the  Clinrch- for  which  his  wonderful  failli 
nlone  could  Inive  <iiven  him  hopes-  and  p-neroiisly  mad- 
over  four  hundred  acres  of  kuul  to  liishop  Carroll,  who  had 


V'k 


/■'Mil/  n  I  rMiTims  Mnvsrixt:  (iM.i.ir/.ix, 


Jiist  ilifii  ivfmiiHtl  to  t|i»>  liiih-d  Sf;iti..s.  iirit'i'  hh  ((.iiM-cnitinu. 
Il'-iv  !i  Ciifliulir  M'lilfiiii'iit  vuKii  l»fmiii  to  fiiim.  timl  itstiifiii- 
I)  TH  liiMMiii '  iiru'''iif  ill  ilicir  i-.'i|ii.'^H  for  ii  ifsifN'iif  piifsf, 

Miiivt'll(»iis  uif  fhc  uiivM  of  Almiulii V  (mmI  !  |':ii|i,.r  (idl- 
lir/in  hiiil  loii^  cluMiHlH'd  ilu>  iiU*ti  ol  fniiii(liii;.Mi  <Hiiiiiiiiiiit V 
n|'('n(li(ilic  si'filci's  ill  siiiiD-  rt'iimt*'  spot,  fur  rt'iiioM-d  I'lmu  iho 
l>i|sy  liiiiinrH  of  iiii'ii  iiiid  fill'  miitimidii  (if  WMiiiliLT  M-rts  ; 
vli.'iv  tli»'y  niiild  livp  ill  r.iiiiiiiiv.'  |..'im<'  mid  .>imi.lirity ; 
wlu'ic  fli»«  .stnviiii  of  kiiowlfdtfj'  would  iior  Iwinf.-ci.-.l  h\  i||m 
piitild  watfi's  of  vie.' :  and   wli.-iv  IMjnlun  c.iild  ivl.i,'n  iin 

•  IHi't'll  I 

!!«'  had  once  visited  .McCJulh-N  jMi'idciiH'iir  .ma  mi^-slMii 
of  cliarity.  TIim  tlioiij^lit  xfnicji  liitii  tlitif  (Ills  would  li..  ih,. 
jilarc  to  i-aiTV  out  liis  adminiltl.-  d.'siirii  ;  tiiid  \vti.'h  lliojfi.eid 
pt'opl..  iH'tirlMti.-il  Mlshup  Ci.noll  for  a  pri.-M.  fliey  M«Mif  ili»* 
It'ttiT  (lnoii,uli  Faslit-r  (odliizin,  licuvdii.u-  for  liim  to  hsmJus 
iiilliU'iK't' in  p'ltiiii;  tlM-ni  om-  if  pos>il»l»..  t(;  <'oiiit'  hiiiiNcif 
ainoiijr  lliciii.  lit'  made  tli.ii-  |M'i|iion  Ids  i.wn.  ••  ^  .nr  i*.. 
qiK'sf."  wi'ifcH  HisliopCanoli  i<.  IiImi.  "JMyniiitt'd,  I  ivadily 
naiscnf  to  yoiii-  pioiioimi".  trktalitM'har.u''of  tlifcoiiiit  ■-utioiis 
d.'faiU'd  in  y(mr  j.-ifci';  and  liopi.  iluit  yon  will  |t:iu-  a  Ikmiso 
iMiih  on  fill'  iiind  Kiantfd  by  Mr.  McUiiiiv,  anti  ntivady  m-i- 
lit- 1:  or  if  niorw  <'onvt'nii'nr.  on,  your  (»wr,  if  voii  intfiid  t<. 
kfM'p  it." 

In  rlh'  wisliKs  of  Wxv'hc  df'voted  i)i'npl.',  uiid  rln'sa)i<'iioiM,r 
Ills  vfiu'raMo  Bishop.  Fatlicr  (iallit/.in  rt'royniy...(|  tli..rall(.r 
(okI.  fli>  ivsoh-vd.  in  the  mh\s\  ui  this  (.'atliolie  nnch-iis.  t,, 
ostaMish  a  iifiiuann'iit  rolony,  wliici:  he  disiincd  in  Iijh 
mind  as  the  centre  of  his  missions.  Several  po<.r  Marviiind 
families,  wliose  airections  lu'  had  won.  determined  lo  loilnu- 
liim  ;  and,  in  the  siiinnier  «)f  I7ii!>.  he  i(.(,K  up  his  line  ..f 
march.  From  Maryland  they  travelled  with  I  heir  faces 
turned  to  the  ran.-ies  of  the  Alleohany  .Mountains.  It  was  a 
rou-ih  and  tryini;  jouuiey.  The  jiatient  travelh>rs  hewed 
their  way  throuyh  thei)iimitive  forests,  burdened  at  rhesame 
time  with  all  their  worldly  n^oods.  As  soon  as  f]ie  small 
<'aravan  had  readied  its  new  iK.me.  (iailitzin  to(dv  posses- 
sion of  this,  as  it  were,  conciuered  land.     \\'ithout  loss  of 


i* 


rxi.y. 


rvntKn  nhnfMnm  Arnr^ir/.n-  um.utxis. 


7:.i 


•OllMTIIIIIllll, 
IIIhI   its  tlU'lll. 

•lit  piit'sf, 
l-':illi.r  <;)il 

I  <'<>iiiiiiiiiijty 

Vt'd  llniu  J  lilt 

liiiiLi'  '••■its  ; 

>irii|ilirity  ; 

'••rrnl  l»y  iI|m 

HI  :i  iiii>viM|i 
loiild  lif  t||t> 

l(H|t  lilO^Udlt 

icy  M»<nf  til.* 

!l  In  live  Jiis 
>ltU'   Jlilii^i'lf 

**  "^  itir  \v. 
•  1.  I  iviidily 
*\\'Sii  '•iitidiis 
::ivf  !i  liii||s<> 
iilifiidy  >v\. 

II  hiti'iid  to 

'  SMIIClinli  (if 
d  tli*>rMlii)l' 
'  iincN'iiM.  f(i 
iivd  iiE  \\U 
V  Miifyl.'uid 

'd  Id  l'(>lln\v 

liis  liiM'  df 
(heir  J'jic's 
s.  Ir  Wits  a 
It'fs  licwt'd 
nf  tht'Siiiiie 

Hit'  Mllilll 
n)\\  |)oss('s- 
lOUt  loss  of 


timr>  nil  tlif  M'ttld'H  (iddl'fMti'd  tliflliMfjvi'H  Id  tjii-  udiU  Ik*. 
foil-  fliftn,  iiiid  ldi|»'«|  Hu  i'»'tildUH|y  iliat  ht'lon'  tlif  riul  of 
ihi'  y»'iii'  tlit'y  li!iil  ti  litilf  cliiirch  fi«Mii-d. 

<»lll    nf   IIh'   cli-uillLCS   df    tllr^c    llll  1 1  ddd«-ll    fdfi'NfH    rd«.«'l|p 

two  ituildiiius  «">n>«li'iirr»'d  din  df  ilif  iiiink!*  of  inii)>lily* 
Imuii  trH«'«;  of  tli»'«t«  oiM«  wiiN  iiih'iidfd  fdr  n  rlitiii  h  iln- 
oilier  ri  i»rt'shytt'ry  f«>i'  ilM-ir  piistdi-.  On  rliiUinuis  *\v  of 
tlif  y»';ii' ol'  I7li'.',  tlii'ii-  \\;iM  iidi  ji  winking;  ryi*  in  tin-  iiiili' 
colony.  And  ««'ll  Hit^n-  mijulit  not  I»h  1  Tin-  ii»'\v  rlinnli. 
d)><kt'<l  will)  pine,  jind  laurel,  iind  ivy  1<>iivi>h,  tind  lila/.iti).' 
with  Hiirli  liy:liffi  ii-s  the  Mrjini  tniiiiis  of  ill*'  raiihfhl  conid  iif- 
foid,  \\a^  awaitinu:  its  rdnst'ciatinii  lo  tin-  woixliip  of  (iodl 

'I'lnTH  <;allit/,in  olFt'it'd  up  tin- lli'*t  Ma>«.  t«»  tin- jrt«'at  tdi- 
tiratioii  of  liin  tjork,  lliiit.  altlioiiuli  Iliad)-  up  of  ('atlioMcM, 
had  ntnsM'  niini'Msrd  siirli  u  Kolfintiity  ;  ami  to  ihc  ^^rt'iit 
tistoitislinit'iit  of  a  it'w  rndiaits.  uho  Imd  H'  v*t  in  tln'ii'  liM'« 
•Ircained  of  .him'Ii  a  vvondfifiil  rrii'niony.  Tiiiis  it  was,  that 
on  iv  **pot  ill  wliicli,  Mfai'<'»'ly  a  year  prwioiiK,  >*1I»'|ich  liad 
jvi;?iiM(l  ovtM"  vMMi  solitiidi's,  a  l'rinc«'.  tlH'iurforwaid  mt  olV 
from  t'voiy  oilici-  count ly.  Ind  dpfucd  a  m-u  <im'  td  piljuiiiiiH 
fi'diu  all  'latidiis.  and  tiiaf  from  lln'  wastt-.s  wlijcdi  i-ciioco  no 
rounds  out  tlu' liowlinirix  of  tiK' wild  lu-ast-,  tlnro  wcni  iiptlu' 
diviiU)  siutjr.  (ih)t'in  hi  I'lrii'his  Ihit.  'I'liiis  lH'<raii  that 
)ilori.)Us(^atlioli('st'ttl»'Tii<'i)l  in  Wrsii-ni  jN-nnsylvania.  ^v  Iddi 
was  dcstiiii'd  to  \l\•K^\\  and  tloiirisli  lil^c  a  boautiful  mounlain- 
lluv  er  in  tlif  midst  of  the  wikloincsisl 


(MI  APT  Kit  III 

AN    .M'ovU.i:   A I    WtUlK. 

fihth  nf  Fitfhri'  Oo/f  it  rill's  vnhillH  -Tin  Pilsfni'M  fni?M^ 
l.ontfi,  Tlir  t*i  inrv  iiiitl  his  .sisti  I'  •  Lulitn'i iiij  h<l<  and 
till  I  If  ill  lilt  rim  ifoi'il  It/  llir  l»'>lil  .\  lirirst  n/  oiili'i' 
iiinhHnriiitiiii  Aso prnfrfii r  ■" Hi'ii'iinin  kni'i In Inrt?* 
~  Fiitlii  r  WiiHihin  ami  Inn  nhnhr  In  o  I'lnhshnil  Unhj 
III  rlnirrli  Ihr  rniini'simi  iij'hiiniiils  Mmiif  r.ui- 
n  I  xiinis-  Fotlii  r  (iiillH:iii  a.s  a  iriilcr — ///.v  /msjiihil. 
It  If— A  /onnt  nniii—lhath  Iff  the  ijifot  minsiuiiiii  if-^ 
AiirrddfiS'    /hmtinn  to  Ihi'  liliHsnl   Vii'ifin, 

I;i  (lu'spijii;;  <if  !lS(H),  KjuImt  (iiillit/in's  ('rdijtjit'fialidn  n  n 
niHttnluf  silxHir  jorty  fiiiiiilUtM,  titul  tlii>  niittiliiMWiis  i'iipi<l!y  in 
••rciisiii.ix.     "I  li'.ivt'  now,  flmnks  hv  to  (Jod,"  he  siiid.  "ii 
iiltlf  Intuit'  ol"  my  own,  Tor  tin;  lirst  tinn*  since  I  ciinic  to  thin 
ronnhy.  iiiul  ({<»il  ^viynX  that  I  iniiy  !)»•  al)Ii'  to  k»'«*|t  It." 

'riuMvliol«'('(»st of  lii.s colonl/ation  spiiitnaland  niatfiial— ► 
was  l)oint'  by  the  piin<-<'lj  pastor.  He  lived  on  tin-  farm  which 
(he  generous  Captain  McOnin*  had  j^iven  lor  the  service  u[ 
the(Miiirch.  Hnt  in  order  to  attract  imnd^rintion  around  him 
he  l)oni;ht  vast  tracts  of  land,  which  he  .soltl  in  fnrnis  at  a 
low  rate,  or  even  ;jave  to  the  poor,  lelyiiit;  on  his  patrim  »ny 
to  meet  his  ensj;ai;ements.  The  wilderness  soon  put  on  !i  ih'W 
as[M'ct.  The  settlers  followt'd  the  impulses  of  the  great  mis- 
Nionary,  who  kej.t  stead fa.slly  in  view  the  itnprovement  of 
his  work.  His  lirst  care  was  to  get  up  a  gristmill;  tlien 
iirose  numerous  outd)uildings  ;  ad<litional  laojierty  was  pur 
chased,  nud  in  u  short  time  the  colony  grew  in  extent  and  jtroa- 

776 


•i* 


FA  Titf'u  liKMHTiins  ,1  vurfiTiyK  n  I A ;,  rrxry.      777 


'm'n  tnlh  — 

I  sf  o/'  inth  I' 

\'ttn  h  lin'i'^ 

'1  shnif  hnlil 

Mmiit  '•oil- 

in   linsjtiliif- 

hm'oHiUf/  — 

r/iulicin  n  n 
.sriipiilly  ill 
ln'  siiid.  "II 
ciiiiu'  to  thin 
t'»'|t  it." 
il  iiiatt'riiil  — 
•  fiinii  wliicli 
lie  sfivicc  of 
iii'oiiikI  him 
I  farins  at  a 
■I  i»afiiin  >iiy 
put  oil  a  ut'W 
!<•  gr«'at  iiiis- 
rovoniont  of 
t mill ;  tlifii 
rty  was  piir 
■nt  and  jtioa- 
770 


l"»rlty.  A  liiitft'  pnrt  of  IiInowh  laml  lit»  lajil  our  for  n  town, 
ami  iiaiiM'd  ii  l.initto;  iIim  hiiiaiialfr  liiM'l«>aiiM|  for  tlii>  iinh 
of  till-  riiiiirh,  ihf  piif>*fs  ulin  -hoiilil  «iin'»'«'«l  liiai,  ami 
i«M«'|i  iiiHiiiiitioiiM  iiH  n!ioii|i|  ill  tiiiit'  ariN«>. 

In  nii'iylii^oiif  !iU  work,  \\\v  prince  pri<>Ht  r»'ri'l\«Ml  rimli*- 
1'lal  ii«*s|(4tiuh'«  fn»m  Ki;roiM«.  \\  Hint,  niiiiim  of  iimiH'y  with 
vi';iiilaily  r'liiJtf.Ml  to  liliii  l>y  his  niotli.-i.  Willi  li.r  li»» 
K«>pi  lip  a  foiitl  <' iri'«'^poni|i'ti<-f.  whirli  Iiis;,ii-ai  lo\f  foi  Ii«t 
ri'iii|t'i«"l  oiiM  of  rnH  coiisDlatioirH  of  his  lift-.  Uut  Ih'  lo,st 
tliiM  f^ooil  and  r«'iid(>r  paictil  in  Ihik). 

'I'ln'  Kinpi'i«  r  of  HiiM^iii  roiild  not  pardoti  tli»'  soti  of  ii 
Hiissiiiii  riincc  I'or  Iwnimiti^Mi  (.'atholir  p,..'si,  and  in  IS08 
the  iiolil*'  ^li.'4^4ioll:l^y  ii'crivfd  fi'oiii  u  Viit'rid  in  Mniopo  u 
l«'tl»'i'  Maying: 

"'I'Ih' tpn'sti«»n  of  voiir  il^lifs,  and  tlio«*"  of  tin'  Piinci'HH, 
ytnu-  .sister,  us  to  yoni'  I'ailn  i'm  piopnty  in  Hiissia.  lias  h.cn 
exatniMt'd  hy  the  Senate  of  Sf,  I'efeislaux.  and  it  has  de- 
rided timt  by  reason  (d"  ycnii'  Catholli'  faith,  and  your  eccli'- 
Biastieat  piofessinri,  yoii  <'annot  he  admitted  to  a  hliare  of 
your  lale  fath'-i's  pi'»i*^'rty.  Yoiii  sister  is  eoiisetpicntly 
Hole  heiress  of  the  pi'ipi'iiy,  anil  is  soon  to  hf  put  in  posses- 
hIoii  <»r  it.  'liif  Cou'ic*!  of  State  lias  (Mnlirmed  the  decision 
of  the  Senate,  and  !h<'  Mmperor  by  his  sanction  lias  given  it 

the  force  of   |;i\V.'' 

W'rilin^Mo  her  brother,  the  l'linces^;  Maria  .«aid  :  "  Yoii 
may  be  perfectly  easy.  I  .shnll  di\idtMv!ili  you  r-.iilhfiilly, 
ns  I  am  certain  you  w(M»ld  with  me.  Such  was  the  will  ((f 
fiiir  deceased  fatle  r.  atid  of  our  dearest  mother:  and  such 
also  will  be  Ihe  desire  of  my  jilferlionat*^  love  and devoted- 
ness  towards  \<tii,  my  dearest  bj   tlier." 

When  file  Princess  married  the  insolvent  Prince  of  Sain  , 
«lie  said  no  more  about  remittances,  lie  cared  not  for 
Wealth,  save  to  aid  the  poor,  the  unfortunate,  or  the  Church. 
"  If  he  had  possessed  a  hetirt  of  p»l<l,"  .said  one  who  knew 
him  well,  "he  would  have  >(lve.i  It   to  the  unfortunare." 

lie  was  \\]}  Ix^fore  the  sun.  Fastinjr,  he  rode  aloii^  the 
wild  pathways  of  the  forest,  that  were  ofteiier  pressed  by 
the  wolf  and  the  bear  than  by  the  atep.s  of  any  human 


778  FATIIEH  DEMKTIUVH  Al'dL'STrXE  OAT.IITZIX. 

Wwv^.  Tilt'  wvnfli  of  the  storm  often  broke  ovtn-liisdovotcd 
lifiul.  'riicii,  wluMi  he  n'iiched  some  out-of-the-way  rluircli, 
came  the  same  roiiinl  of  duties  as  ])efore— <'(»ufession, 
Mass,  l)ai)tisms,  maniau'es,  funerals,  exhortations,  and,  last 
of  all,  another  long  journey. 

In  his  church  at  Loretto  everythin,!?  moved  witli  the 
nicest  exactness.  lie  was  a  lover  of  order.  At  his  Sunday 
Mass  he  preached  two  sermons  -one  in  Kuf^lish,'  another  in 
Uermaii.  French,  howev«'r' was  his  motliei-ton<;u«>.  He  was  a 
master  (»f  English,  but  he  did  not  speak  (»«>nnan  very  well. 
Ilis  sermons  were  simplicity  itself,  ever  suited  to  the  times, 
circumstances,  and  needs  of  his  people. 

He  was  very  severe  on  anything  that  savored  of  irrever- 
ence in  church.  It  was  the  house  of  (iod,  and  it  iniixt  be 
respected.  Once  a  Protestant  stood  in  the  crowded  edifice, 
gazed  around,  and  seemingly  viewed  the  prayerful  congre- 
gation with  disgust.  A  hand  gently  touched  his  shoulder 
and  he  heard  the  words:  "Every  one  kneels  here."  He 
knelt  instantly,  for  it  was  the  pastor  of  Loretto  that  spoke. 

On  one  occasion,  however,  he  did  not  meet  with  snch 
ready  obi>dience.  A  member  of  his  congregation  had  mar- 
ried a  Protestant  lady.  She  accompanied  her  husband  to 
church,  but  did  not  kneel.  She  stood,  and  her  large  Hgure 
was  c(ms]>icuous.  ^lass  went  on.  Many  good  peoi)le 
trend)led,  for  they  felt  that  rebuke,  swift  and  terrible,  was 
coming.  Father  Gallit/in  was  silent  until  he  turned aiound 
to  give  Holy  Communion.  "Kneel  down,  woman— kneel 
down  !"  he  said,  in  a  low  voice.  But  she  did  not  kneel.  An 
instant  passed  ;  the  prince's  black  eyes  seemed  t(»  flash  iii'e, 
and  in  a  voice  of  thunder  he  exclaimed:  "AVoman,  kneel 
down f"  The  words  shook  the  very  church,  and  it  need 
liardly  be  added  that  the  lady  dropped  on  lier  knees. 

Six  mf)nths  rolled  by.  One  day  a  lady  api)eared  at  the 
door  of  Father  Gallitzin's  house.  lie  received  her  kindly, 
and  she  told  liim  she  was  the  pers(m  he  had  once  com- 
manded to  kneel.     He  smiled.      They  conversed  for  awhile. 


>  In  a  letter  dated  1800,  Father  Uallitzlu  states  that,  "  the  greatest  part  of  the  cougrejjation," 
was  IrUh. 


'rliisdovotod 
•way  <'hincli, 
— coiil'fssiou, 
ons,  and,  last 

■fid  with  the 
ktliis  Siinday 
1,'  anothpi-  in 
;iu».  lit' was  a 
an  very  w«dl. 
to  tlie  times, 

hI  of  irrever- 
(1  it  1/11/ fif  be 
)W<le(le(liti('e, 
crful  (;onp;re- 
liis  slioulder 
i  lieie."  He 
)  tliat  spolve. 
et  witli  such 
ion  had  inar- 
I-  liiishand  to 
•  large  Hgure 
good   people 

terrible,  Avas 
urnt'daionnd 
oman— kneel 
lot  kneel.  An 
1  to  flash  fii-e, 
Ionian,  t/iccl 

and  it  need 
knees. 

|)eared  at  the 
d  her  kindly, 
d  once  rom- 
ed  for  awhile. 

of  tUc  cougreijatlon," 


F.\Tin:n  i)j:}r/-:Tnirs  Ararsns/-:  a.n.i.n/jy. 


r.) 


«>  I  Inve  Clint!  t(»  be  received  into  the  (Miiircli."*  sheol)serve(l, 
nfter  a,  pans.-,  "l  have  t«.ld  nobody.  1  beli.-vrd  ilie 
Ciitholic  ivUgion  to  Ix-  tlie  true  religion,  from  the  moment 
Vdii  told  me  to  kneel  that  day  in  chureh."  She  became  a 
piod  Catholic. 

As  an  author  Father  (Jallitzin  stands  high  even  to-day. 
In  this  century  he  was  the  pioneer  champion  of  the  Cliurcii 
in  \]u'  I'nited  States  -,  the  lirst  to  use  his  iiilellectnal  sledge- 
liammer  on  the  cast-iron  skull  of  bigotry.     His  chief  works 
:iie  "  J)erence  of  Catholic  principles,"  and  "  Letters  on  the 
Holy  Scriiitures."      Again  and  again   have   these  volumes 
bi'cn   issued,  and  it   is   literally   correct   to  say  that   they 
have  instructed  three  generations.     They  have  been  trans- 
luted  into  French  and  (Jerman,  and  widely  circulat(Hl  in 
France,  (lermany,  England,  Ireland,  and  all  over  our  own 
Republic.  As  a  writer  the  prince  priest  was  remarkably  clear, 
n.irible.  witty,  iiointed,  and,  above  all,  logical,     lie  wielded 
a  sharp  and  powerful  pen.  _    ^ 

We  have  a  graphic  pi(!ture  of  the  venerable  miss!(mary  s 
appearance  on  one  of  his  forest  jonrneys,  when  he  had 
rea(died  his  sixty-f^mrth  year.  For  it  we  are  indel)ted  to  the 
wn  of  Kev.  Father  Lemcke,  O.S.B.,  afterwards  his  suc- 
cessor In  the  summer  of  1834,  the  good  Father  was  sent 
from  Philadelphia  to  the  assistance  of  the  aged  prince- 
priest  After  several  days  of  rough  travel  he  reached  Mun- 
ster,  a  village  some  miles  from  Loretto.  Here  Father  Lemcke 
procured  an  Irish  lad  to  pilot  him  on  his  way. 

-  \s  we  had  gone,"  he  says,  "  a  couple  of  mdes  through 
the  woods,  I  caught  sight  of  a  sled  drawn  by  a  pair  of  vig- 
orous horses,  and  in  the  sled  a  half- recumbent  traveller,  in 
every  lineament  of  whose  face  could  be  read  a  cliarac  er  ot 
distinction,  lie  was  outwardly  dressed  in  a  thread-bare 
overcoat,  and  on  his  head  a  peasant's  liat,  so  worn  and  di- 
lapidated that  no  one  would  have  rescued  it  from  the  garbage 
of  the  streets.  It  occurred  to  me  that  some  accident  had 
happened  to  the  old  gentleman,  and  that  he  was  compelled 
to  resort  to  this  singular  mode  of  conveyance  A}  hile  I  was 
taxing  my  brain  for  a  satisfactory  solution  of  this  problem, 


(f8(^       iwruRR  DKMETittvs  Ai'ovsrisK  oALurzm. 

Tom,  my  f^iiMc,  who  was  troHin^' alieaa,  tunuMl  round,  ana 
l)ointini  to  the  old  man,  said:  "  Ikre  co/iica  the piieiitr 

I  imnu'dlatoly  coaxt'd  up  my  nag  to  tlie  sled.     "Are  you 
really   tlui  pastor  of    Loretto?"    said   1.       "I  am,   sir." 
"  Princ'  (Jallit/in  >"     "  At  your  service,  sir,"  h.'  said,  with 
a  iK-arty  laiijih.     "You  are  probably  asKmishcd,"  he  con- 
tinued,'after  I  handed  him  a  letter  fr(m»  the  Bishop ol'  Phil- 
adelphia, "  at  the  strangeness  of  my  equipage,  lint  there's 
no  help  for  it.     You  have  no  doubt  abvady  found  out  that, 
in  these  countries  you  need  not  dream  of  a  carriagT;  road. 
You  could  not  drive  ten  yards  withour  danger  of  an  over- 
turn.    I  am  picvented,  since  a  fall  which  I  have  had.  from 
riding  on  horseback,  and  it  would  be  impossible  for  uie  now 
to  travel  cm  foot.  Besides,  I  carry  along  everything  required 
for  the  ceh^bration  of  Holy  Mass.     I  am  now  going  to  a  spot 
where  I  have  a  mission,  and  where  the  Holy  Sacritice  has 
l)een  announced  for  to-day.     (Jo  to  Loretto,  and  make  your- 
self at  home  until  my  return  to-night;  unless,  indee(!,  you 
should  i)refer  to  accompany  me."     Father  Ltuncke  wasoidy 
too  happy  to  bear  him  company. 

For  forty-one  years  this  humble  man,  this  truly  grejU  and 
good  priest,  led  upon  the  mountains  of  Pennsylvania  a  most 
perfect  Christian  life.  ^Vhen  warned  lo  take  more  care  of 
himself,  he  would  answer,  in  his  own  eneigetic  style:  "As 
the  days  have  gone  by  when  by  martyrdrom  it  was  possible 
for  us  to  testify  to  (Jod's  glory  upim  earth,  it  l)econies  our 
duty,  like  the  toil-worn  ox,  to  remain  hitched  to  the  plow 
in  the  field  of  the  Lord."  On  Easter  Sunday,  18-10,  Father 
(Jallitzin,  ])eing  seventy  years  of  age,  had,  early  in  the  morn- 
ing, taken  his  seat  in  the  confessional.  After  discharging 
these  duties,  he  bravely  braced  up  his  remaining  strength  to 
ascend  the  altar  for  the  celebration  of  ^lass.  Wlien  it  was 
over  he  took  to  his  bed — the  bed  from  which  he  was  destined 
never  to  rise.  On  the  {)th  of  ^fay,  his  pure  and  princely 
ppirit  ])assed  to  the  bosom  of  God. 

The  revered  Father  Gallitzin's  besc  eulogy  is  his  woik. 
He  erected  ihejfrsf  chapd  in  what  now  comprises  the  three 
dioceses  of  Pittsburg,  Alleghany  City,  and  Erie.    His  cber- 


nl  round,  nnd 
he  pricHt.'^ 
..     "Are  you 
'  I  am,   sir." 
he  said,  with 
lied,"  he  <'on- 
isliopid"  Pliil- 
'\  W\\\  tlicrr's 
)Uiid  out  that 
carriaj;*!  load. 
?r  of  au  over- 
ivo  had.  I'roiu 
lie  I'or  uit*  now 
tliini-' required 
x.u\\\<^  N)  a  spot. 
Sacrifice  lias 
id  make  yonr- 
s,  indeed,  you 
incke  was  only 

ruly  fiTpat  and 
ylvania  a  most 
e  more  care  of 
ic  .style:  "As 
it  was  possible 
t  ])ecomes  our 
'd  to  the  plow 
:,  1840,  Father 
■]y  in  the  morn- 
er  discharp,ini: 
linff  streu.Sith  to 
When  it  was 
lie  was  destined 
e  and  princely 

;y  is  his  work. 
prises  the  three 
Irie.    His  cber- 


r.xTiiEP,  uKMi/rnivs  Avavsrrxi-:  GMurziy.       781 

ished  Lorelto  is  the  most  Catli<)li«!  villa<;e  in  the  Inite  1 
States.     Not  till  the  travelh'r  has  pressed  the  soil  oi'  Cani- 
hria  county  does  he  feel  that  h.'  is  in  a  ///////  Christian  lan<l, 
lis  he  catches  sij-ht  of  I  lie  ten  Catholic  churches  and  thr*e 
monasteries -all of  which  cropped  otit  of  Loretto,  under  the 
creative  and  fosterini,^  hamlsuf  this  ap.>stolic  ami  wondertui 
man      What  share  lie  had  in  its  material  prosi.erity  may  he 
jnd-ed  from  the  fact  that  he  simt  over  >*ir.O,H O  in  its  im- 
*provem.>ut.    'I'lKiujih  for  many  years  Vicar-CJeiu'ial  o    tie 
P.ishopof  Philadeli.hia.  he  iirnily  refused  all  oilers  ot   lie- 
in-  raised  to  the  epis<-opal  di-nity.     llavin-  renounced  the 
di^i.ilies  of  the  wojld,   he  di<l  not  aspire  to  those  oi    the 

Church.  ,    n  .         •  1 

Lorn-  before  his  death,  however,  he  was  held  in  universal 

resi.ect.     The  name  linUU-ht  has  since  been  ^iveii  to  a  lino 

vll  la"'e 

Hi"  love  of  books  was  remarkable.  He  had  collected  a 
hn-e  number,  and  truthfully  inscribed  <.n  tlM'se  dear  com- 
panions of  his  solitmle  the   words:     -  (Jallit/in  and    his 

fiiends."  ,     ,        ^ 

On  one  occasion  he  had  given  a  liberal  alms  to  a  poiu 
traveller,  who  afterwards  squandi'ied  the  money  at  a  tav- 
ern AVhen  informed  of  the  deception,  the  --(.od  and  no»)le 
d(mor  replied,  "  I  gave  it  not  to  him,  but  t()  (ioiir 

In  an  a-e  of  pride  and  pretensiiui,  the  liumdity  of  tins 
<rreat  imn/is  trulv  touching.  For  many  yearshe  suppressed 
the  illustrious  name  of  fJallit/in.  and  was  known  simply  as 
the  7^'^.  Mr.  t^niltU:  When  told  of  the  fame  of  his  writ- 
ings, he  said  that  "lie  was  glad  that  the  same  (k.d  who  had 
enabled  an  ass  to  speak-who  had  enabled  the  unlettered  o 
convert  the  universe,  had  also  enabled  his  ignorance  to 
sav  something  in  favor  of  the  Catholic  Churcli. 

Over  thirteen  years  after  the  death  of  L^jther  Gallit  ,n, 
Ills  loved  Loretto  was  visited  by  the  Apostolic  ^  uncio.  Mg. . 
Bedini.      ne_wasjelighted^^ 

umlizi..!  as  Ansiustim.  Smirh,  and  it.  «as  only  u.ai.y  yt'ur,  aft.T  ll.at,         ,.o.»i 
(limed  his  family  name. 


1* 
1 


783 


FATHER  DEMETniVff  AVOVf^TlXE  GM.UTZm. 


'•s:incli(HMl  by  tlif  npostlesliip  of  Prince  ppniftiius  Gallif- 
ziii.  is  sitiiHted  upon  the hifj;li*'«t  nioiindiins  oflVnnsylvaniii, 
mid  in  inl»iil»it('(l  by  (JtM'niiins  all  (latliolii'H  witliout  fxcfp- 
tion.  My  cania^o  was  prercdjMl  by  about  \\\  liundred  per- 
sons on  liorscbacli  -ni(>n  and  wonirn  -  and  I'odowed  by  lil'ty 
vehicles.  This  }K'ac»'ful  (•oit{''gf',  dclilinju:  joyously  around 
the  vast.  UKMintains,  under  a  iuost  brilliant  sun,  was  to  us  as 
solemn  as  it  was  touching." 

>•  As  hi^  had  taken  for  his  nio(h'ls,"  says  Very  Rev. 
Thomas  Ileydeu,  the  dear  friend  and  biofj,raplier  who  re- 
ceived the  prince-priest's  last  breath,  'Mhe  lives  of  the 
saints,  the  Francis  of  Saleses,  the  Charles  Borronieos,  the 
Vincents  of  P.iul,  so,  like  them,  he  was  distinguished  for  his 
tender  and  lively  devotion  to  the  Blessed  Virgin.  He  h)st 
no  opportunity  of  e.xtoUing  the  virtues  of  Mary.  He  <'n- 
d(>avored  to  b,-?  an  indtatorof  her,  as  .she  was  of  Christ.  lie 
recited  the  Kosary  every  evening  anu)ng  his  houseliold  ; 
and  inculcated  constantly  on  his  people  this  admirable  de- 
votion, and  all  the  other  pious  exercises  in  honor  of  Mary. 

"The  church  in  which  he  said  daily  Mass,  he  had  dedicated 
under  the  invocation  of  tliis  ever-glorious  Virgin,  whom  all 
niitions  were  to  call  IJlessed.  It  was  in  honor  of  Mary,  and 
to  place  his  people  under  her  peculiar  patronage,  that  he 
gave  the  name  of  Loretto  to  the  town  he  founded  here,  after 
the  far-famed  Loretto,  which,  towering  above  the  blue  wave 
of  the  Adriatic,  on  the  Italian  coast,  exhibits  to  the  Chris- 
tian pilgrim  the  hallowed  and  magnificent  tem])le  which 
contains  tlie  sainted  shrine  of  ^rary'shund)le  house  in  which 
she  at  Nazareth  heard  announced  the  mystery  of  the  Incar- 
nation, and  which  the  mariners,  as  they  ]iass  to  encounter 
the  perils  of  the  deep,  or  return  in  safety  from  them, 
salute,  chanting  the  joyous  hymn.  Are  Morfs'  SfcHtt.  For, 
like  St.  John,  he  recognized  in  her  a  mother  recommended 
to  him  by  the  words  of  the  dying  Jesus:  'He  said  to  the 
i)isciple,*  behold  thy  :MotherV  And  so,  when  his  frame 
was  worn  out  in  her  service,  and  her  Son's,  he  went  up  to  see 
her  foce  on  high." 


\ 


Tzm. 

'triijs  Gallit- 
Vnnsylvanin, 
itliout  I'xccp- 
liimdred  pcr- 
.)\ved  by  lifty 
(disly  arouiul 
wns  to  us  ns 

^  Very  Rev. 
plicr  who  re- 
lives of  the 
orroiiu'os,  the 
iiished  for  his 
gin.  He  h)st 
tiry.  He  en- 
f  Christ.  lie 
s  hoiiseliold  ; 
idmirnble  de- 
lor  of  Mary. 
Iiad  dedicated 
tin.  whom  all 
of  Mary,  and 
na<xe,  that  lie 
led  here,  aftef 
the  blue  wave 
to  the  Chris- 
eni])le  which 
lonse  in  which 
'  of  the  Tncar- 
to  encounter 
'  from  them, 
SfcUu.  For, 
recommended 
e  said  to  the 
en  his  frame 
went  uj)  to  see 


\ 


: 


RT.  RFV.  JOHN  ENGLAND,  D,  D. 

BISHOP    OF    CHARLESTON. 


Till'  Kir.IlT  ur.V.  JOHN  ILNGl-AM),  D.D. 

riHST  lUSllol'  Ol'  CliAUi-ESTON,  H.  C' 


: 


CUAPTHH  I. 
TiiK  sriKtoL-HoY  inaoMKs  A  lusnor. 

Parh,  urars--'' Thi'  Utth-  Paphr-LmN's  law  for  Ihe^ 
"""m ^  2.,fnot  prn.t-ls  appoint  to  t;.pansk  of 
Bandon-W^  OiJJlenWes-Appohdn.'^l  to  the  .sre  o/ 
Charleston.  -Items from  the  Bishop  s  dtarn. 

Bishop  En^Hancl  has  been  called  '"theli^^ht  of  tl.e  Am.ri- 

rin  hierarchy."     Ha.l  he  lived  in  the  early  days  of  Uxns- 

hn   y  or  in  the  ages  of  Faith,  or  in  the  tin.es  o    the  so- 

IXlf 'Reformation,    the  world  would    have    ranked  hun 

anmni;  the  foremost  men  and  heroes  of  heroic  tunes. 

Jolm  England  was  born  at  Cork,  I-land   on  Sep^^^^^^^^ 
<m  178(5     His  boyhood  was  in  the  days  of  hi.  c.untiv  s 
;Sl  andpersecuthm.    The   wrongs  he  saw    and  sullered 
•Ide  a  1  IS  in-  impression  on  his  gifted  mind  and  charac  er. 
nted     he  enthusiastic  love  of  his  Faith  and  h  s  native  isle 
ere  e^er  the  cheri^  >vhi<-h  dwelt  down  deepest 

.his  ™    heart.     His  iirst  instruction  was  received  in  a 
Presran?  school,  as  there  was  no  other  to  which  he  could 
.    'tere  the  soul  of  the  brav.  boy  was  daily  P^-d  ^  i^ 
suit.     Often  to  expose  him  to  the  contempt  of  the  tlass^e 

The  vLa  Stata  Calholic Magazine;  The Metro,>otUan.  ^^^ 


784 


WK  ma/ir  u/:\:  Joirx  hyoLAxn.  nn. 


1)i;j<)tt'il    tojuluT    woiilil  Nru-'riingly    cull    him    "Mr   h'f/h 

\^^\\\vf,  Knj^land  lM';;!in  his  rurccr  in  lift'  l>y  llu-  Ntmly  of 
liiw.  'I'vvo  years  spent  in  tlif  «»l!l('«-  dl'  an  cniiiii.'nt  Itaiin  • 
tt'r  liad,  no  douht,  a  hctu'licial  t'll'ert  in  (It'vt'lcipin;^  liis  pif- 
cisc  and  ]>nu'ti<'al  mind.  His  own  pidns  iiK'linations,  and 
flit'  di'si^iiH  of  Pi'ovidcncc,  Intsvi'viT,  led  liim  to  enter  iho 
Chiircli  to  ;^ive  liimseir  to  (Jod.  His  excellent  parents  en- 
(Ntnrau'ed  his  nohle  resolution,  and  he  he<{an  his  ilieii|(inic:i< 
studies  in  Carlow  College.  Here  his  splendid  talents  wero 
bron.'^ht  out  in  all  their  shininix  f,M'«'iitness.  Hel'ore  he  was 
ordained,  Dr.  Moylan,  the  venerable  Hishop  of  (Jiuk,  re- 
ealletl  liini  to  his  own  diocese,  and  api)oiiited  the  student  <>f 
tlu'oloiry  l*resi(h'nt  of  tho  Diocesan  Seminary  tit  Cork,  lie 
was  <»rdainod  in  October,  IHOH,  Dr.  Moylan  havin<r  obtained 
a  disp  'iisation,  as  Mr.  Enj^land  had  not  reached  the  caiioni 
cal  a;i;e  of  twenty-live. 

His  career  us  a  fearless  priest  and  patiiot  now  made  him  a, 
man  (»f  mark— revered  and  loved  by  the  Irish  ])eopl(v  feared 
and  hated  by  the  g<»verninent.  As  the  editor  and  proiiiiefni- 
of  the  Cork  C/tntnich',  he  liurled  forth  articles  that  fell  lik.> 
tluindeibolts  among  his  political  and  religious  enemiey;. 
On  one  or'casion  he  was  even  lined  the  rouml  sum  of  liv(( 
ilnindred  ])ounds  for  his  freedom  of  sjieech.  Jbil  though 
ri(d»  in  l/nf//,  he  was  poor  in  /uitixf/  ;  and  while  he  continued 
to  give  out  the  former  with  a  lavish  hand,  he  took  good  care 
not  to  pay  cash  that  he  did  not  owe.  Father  Kngland  was 
on  intimate  terms  with  the  illustrious  O'Connell ;  and  by  his 
powerful  i)en  he  did  much  to  hasten  Catholic  emancipation 
in  Ii'i'land. 

In  1817,  Rev.  Mr.  England  was  ap])ointed  parish  priest  of 
Bandon,  a  place  of  such  bitter  bigj>try  that  over  the  entrance 
Avas  i>la(<d  the  famous  inscrii)tion  which  warmly  welcomed 
"the  Turk,  the  Atheist,  and  the  Jew,"  but  severely  warned 
"the  Papist"  to  k«>ep  away.  The  fearless  ])rie8t.  hf  .'ever, 
entered  on  his  duties,  uiideterred  even  by  this  inscription. 
On  seveial  occasions  his  hair-breadth  escapes  from  murder 
are  thrilling  enough  to  have  occurred  in  border  Indian  life. 


D.R 

III     "Mr    h'/fh 

ly  tile  .study  nl' 
>lilil|i;llt  Inil'l'i:  ■ 
■loping  liis  jnf- 
iclitiiirioiis,  and 
III  lo  ciktcr  ili(« 
fill  p:ir«'iits  cii- 
liis  tlit'()l(>^ic;i! 
id  hilt'Hts  wtTtj 

IlcI'Drc  Iit>  win 
l»  of  (liirk,   IV- 

tlic  stiidciil  of 
f  at  C(»rk.  llo 
uviii;;  <»l»t!iiiii'd 
led  tlu^  riuioiii- 

o\v  niiid*'  liiiii  a. 
IR'oplcv  ft'art'd 
and  proiiiiffni' 
's  that  r.'ll  lik.> 
gious  <'n('nlit'^i. 
id  Niim  <if  livH 

.       lilll     tlldll.ull 

I«' he  continued 
took  good  caro 
r  Kn<;land  was 
lell  ;  and  byliis 
'  enianciiuitioa 

:)aiisli  pi'icst  (»f 
f'r  the  entran('(^ 
rnily  welconuMl 
evcrely  varned 
riesf.  lif  .ever, 
lis  inscription. 
's  from  niiirdtM' 
ler  Indian  life. 


TiiK  itiGiiT  HKV.  jons  ESnr.ASD.  I)  n. 


7M 


"But  even  in  the.spdiitmorousadvcntiut's,  (lod  liad  Ilis(i.Mi;,'nH 
on  tht'  fiitiUT  Anifrirun  pifiut*'.  Such  training'  adiiiiraliiy 
lifted  liini  for  the  toilsome  and  tliorny  road  wliich  he  was  to 
travel  in  our  own  l{<'piil»Ii( , 

DiiriiiK  tlie  first  three  years  of  his  episcopate,  lUshop  V.v.^ 
hin<l  kept  a  diary;  and  from  it  wo  make  some  auleetiuus. 
It  opens  thus: 

♦•(Jn  Monday,  the  10th  of  .Inly,  IH-jo.  I  received  in  ftnn- 
(Ion  a  letter  from  the  Itev.  Henry  llii^dies,  dated  .Iiine 
ntli,  lS"io,  at  Rome,  informing  me  that  (»n  the  preceding 
M(»n(hiy  I  had  l»eenai»i)ointe(l  nislioj) of  Charleston,'  inSoiiih 
Carolina,  un<l  recpiesting  «»f  me,  for  various  reasons  therein 
alleged,  to  accept  of  this  appointment. 

''  Sci)tcmh(r)i\st.      \  received  I  he  grace  of  e[iisc(»i)al  coiife- 
orati(tn  in  the  C'atholie  church  of  St.  Fiiil)ar,  in  the  city  of 
\)  Cork,  from  the  Rt.  Rev.   Dr.  Murphy.  IMshop  of  the  dio- 

cese, a.s8isted  by  the  Rt.  Rev.  Dr.  Maram,  Bishop  of(Nsory, 
and  Kelly,  first  Hisho[>  of  Richmond  (\a.i,  whose  appoiiil- 
ment  was  siiltsecpient  to  mine,  but  whose  consecration  took 
l>lace  nt  Kilkenny,  on  the  24th  of  August.  There  were 
present,  the  Most  Rev.  Dr.  KvtManl,  Archbishop  ('f  Myte- 
lene,  coadjutor  of  the  Most  Rev.  Dr.  Bray,  Archbishop  of 
Cashel,  aiid  the  Rt.  Rev.  Drs.  C(»ppinger,  of  Cloyne  and 
Ross,  Sughrue,  of  Ardfert  and  Aghadoc  (^K.-rry ).  and  Tuohy, 

of  Limerick.* 

''Odoher  llM.— Having  many  npplleatlons  from  ])riest3 
and  candidates  for  places  on  the  American  mission,  I  ap- 
p(.intedmybrother,theRev.  Thomas  R.Hngland,  and  the  Rev. 
Thomas  O'Keefe,  my  Viears-General,  for  the  purpos<'  prin- 
cipally of  selecting  such  (»f  those  as  1  may  afterwards  Avant, 
and  if  necessary,  having  them  ordained. 


'  Which  had  jiift  been  created  an  eplncopal  Kce. 

'  nr  Enclnn.r.  name  had  nlroi.dy  l-en  mrntlnnod  hy  Konio  of  ll.c  Irl-I.  HIhIiop.  In  <  <;"";';'i"'> 
«IM  I  1.. .  i.l"(<)Dftl  dlu'i.ity  Willi."  lie  did  H"!  nlirlnk  fn.r.i  a  |M.Mli..ii  «.  IxcmiJiiK  lo  liN  ml.nlH 
m  In  fu  les  he  d^^^^^^^^^^^  that  he  would  never  wear  u  n.ltre  In  any  eonntry  lluK  wa.  Hil.jee.  lo 
MiMrll  "h  flnl;  The  ii*"Hl  oath  of  alleirlan-M-   administered  at  their  e.m.errallon  to 

1,  "  Ml"  >v.Vnrlti;h  Huhjeet-.  ««.  poMltlvely  deellne,!  l.y  hlni.  He  Int.nd.d  a.  at,  Atner  i- 
eat  lirelate  to  become  an  American  cltlren  a..  «.on  a«  the  la«H  «ould  pern. 1,  and  rejrard,  (  II  e 
Tl  as  wltuto  Ihe  new  allegiance  of  hi- ■•hole..  T!,.  con-eerall.,.^  I.Mw-p  at  flrM  h..l_ 
lal"  I  at.o  11  omIttInK  thU  cui.|onmry  ceremony,  hut  flndinij  the  lli«liop.eleet  determined  Iom.Ic 
con  ec  aUun  SwUcrc.  before  ho  would  yield  this  point,  consented  to  the  omUHlon.-tV«rt«. 


780 


TIIK  mniTT  TIKV.  JOtlS  KM»LAM).  tt.D. 


"Tills auv  wa^  th.'iumlvi'rMiu-y  -tw«'!vi«  y.'urK  of  my  onl!- 
mitl<m  totlu'  i.ri.'^tli.MMl.  (Hi  till-*  ilny  I  puvwd  from  my  fiim- 
ily,  toK'o  whitlMT  I  tlioiijilit  ({o.l  ImdniiU'il  m» .  hut  wliitlirr 
I'ha.l  II..  aili.T  .li'siiv  to  p..  Shoiil.l  thin  l«i  iva.l  l.y  a 
stniiiK''i%  l«*t  l»«"«  l'iiitl'»n  '•>"*  w.'akm'HM  of  our  rommoii 
imtiiiv  vvliifli  then  allVrhul  iiu%  aiul  «Io«'h  now,  uftH-tli.'  lapH- 
of  llir»M'  months. 

>•  Jh;;,„h>  r  ->«IM.  Foiiml  ftoiimlnms  hi  thirty  liv«'  nith.mis 
water,  anil  on  ih.'  next  .h»y  saw  tlif  llnntin^  Islamls.  on  the 
roast  of  South  Caii.Un;).  aft.T  u  wry  ttMlloiis  an.l  un|.h'asaut 
unss;\}it'.  On  theev.'Kint,'  of  th.«  27lh,  nina'  t.»  amhor  otT 
(Miail.'ston,  an.l  ..n  tlu'  "JHth  cr..ss..tl  it.  ami  worked  ui.  the 
rlianu.'l,  ami  .lune  f<.  anchor  in  tho  evHiin^.' 

>^  Ihrrmhn-  \Mli.  Vaww  •»>»  f*hore  in  Charh'ston;  saw 
th.'  K.'v.  lUMie.llrt  K.-nwicU,  S.  J  .' vvlu.  was  Virar  (om-ral 
,,rtli.'  Aivhl.ish<M>  "f  Hallim..r.',  who  .'xhibit.-d  tome  iiis 
inilMMs.  i  ^'av.'  him  my  Imlls  an.l  certilicates,  jvceive.l  th« 
ivsiaiiation  of  his  aulh.trity,  and  renew».d  his  fa.-uUtes  ul 
Viear  (o'lieral  for  my  dioeese,  as  Hishop  of  Cliari.ston, 
whi.h  he  a.'.'t'i>ted. 

^'l),,;n,l>,r  :U.v/.  M.'in«  Sunday,  1  hud  the  liai>i.inesM  of 
rel.'laafinu;  Mass,  took  ]).>sse.s«i(m  of  the  eliureh,  liml  my 
bulls  pulilished,  and  preaehed." 

"T  ii|.|„.|.  Kimliinrt  «■»«  »rr»miHinl.rt  by  hl«  ynHii*r.>»t  ►iM.r.  who  luid  r.-olv..a  It.  .Jmr.'  \\W  flif- 
(Iciilili-,  mill  lir  in'iir  lirr  yn-nt  lir'Mli.'r. 

•i  IMili.r  K.n«l,k  ufurw.inU  lu^.ni.-  IH-li..p  "f  B'>»loii.    Hue  »kclcl. of  hUn  In  I1>i>uiar  Uif 
luryii/thfCullioUcChurcMht/ifrHHt'itiMtf.V.'Ki 


>f  mv  ui'ill. 

t 

mi  my  fiun- 
)iit  wliitlicr 
iciid  liy  u 
T  rotntuoti 
♦»rtli«'  hipf^e 

\\v  fiitliotiis 
ikth,  un  lliH 

llll|>l»'llMilUt 

imclii»r  (»lT 
\\i'd  u{t  tliu 

I'ston ;  fnw 
r;\r  (Jtucral 
I  to  III*'  Ills 
vct'lvt'il  tin' 
faciiltit's  of 
CImilt'sion, 

liipliiru's.s  of 
rh,  Icul  my 


1(1  to  ►liiirc  till'  dif- 
Im  III  li'ii'iUir  //if 


ClI  A1»TKU    II, 
AN  uu^u  Apovn.i;  IN    vMi:ni<A. 

S/ftffof  f/tr  iinr  tlhursv  -.Sii  (iiKtHlolirtnihi'Tfn'  lUshnp 
"hiuit'onlitl"  l>r.  l-hiijlnii'l's  I'istt  (it  Santtiiia/t  Af 
Ainpisfii  VisHii  hnnisHiion  Mis.  T/i'mipsoii  llin 
Jlist  njHiialr  ttnninn  At  \\'(nriN(/f<iii  i'n/ni/ifn'a  A 
vninsr  of  /fffiftrt  af  f'ftnrfiMfon  -A  tute  vahi'liimii— 
Till' "•  lii>nk  Si»'hhf"'~A  siiifffvsliat  «juofafiim  in  tin- 
(ion  to  Wilitihitffoii. 

If  iiiiiy  U'  NuUl  tliiif  Bishop  Kn^'land  l"'Kan  his  lal»ois  In 
Am.'rifaoii  N.-w  Y.ars*  Day,  IS-.M.  Mis  ii.'\vl>  .'iv<l.<l  .lio- 
CCS.'  .'iiil»ia<'f(l  tlir«'«'  Sfati'H  North  CaioMiia.  S<.iith  ('urolinn, 
mill  (J.'or^rii,.  Tho  Catholi.  Chmrh  had  hah'ly  an  «'\isU'iicH 
ill  this  ivuion.  The  iwH.pl.'  w.-»v  pxtiviiu'ly  hi^'ottul.  Th.' 
iliHiciillipsor  Dr.  Kn«laiul  th«'r«'f<.r««,  can  Iw  imaK'nH'tl,  larhtT 
tliaii  iH.itiav.-d;  l.iit  his  mastt'i-spirit  poiiil.-d  out  the  line 
..rdiily,  aiifi  thesiurt'ssol'  his  toils  was  (me  of  tht- nohU'St 
tiiiimplisof  tilt'  Faith  in  this  U»'pul»li('. 

On  making  a  rapid  survey  «.f  the  situation,  he  found  hut 
tw<»  rhurches  opi'ii  in  Jiinhiri,'."  diocese;  ami  his  clergy  were 
iis  numerous  an  tlie  houses  of  worsliii.!  Tlie  anointed  liemid 
of  I  lie  Cross,  howevt'r,  came  bravely  up  to  his  work.  Around 
him  cliurches  lie^'nn  to  ri.se.  He  travelled,  preached,  taught, 
and  contirmed.  Wherever  he  fotiiul  a  few  scattered  Cuth- 
<.lic  families  in  hamlet,  town,  or  city,  he  aH8end)kd  them, 
formetl  an  or^.iiii/.ation,  and  encouraged  them  to  lioUl  to- 
geth.^r  until  lie  could  send  them  a  pastor.  A«  for  himself, 
h„  performed  all  the  labors  ami  endured  all  the  hardshii)S 
of  a  missionarv  priest,  lie  travelled  hundreds  of  miles.  His 
md.le  spirit  of  ixnerry  and  self-sacrifice  reminds  us  of  the 
illustrious  I)e  Brebeuf.   Huch,  indeed,  was  this  great  Bishops 

787 


788 


TiiK  titniiT  itEV  Jony  nynuxn.  n.n 


imcl  pav.'iunifH  of  (Mmrl.'Mt.m  n  [Hi  lih  Ixir.'  f.vt  on  tin-  K«ouri.l. 
Tlif  MoI.'S  of  IiIh  sliors  had  Imth  woiii  uwjiy.  niid  tli'-  ii|.|.rr 
U'litlit'f  only  P'tnaiiK-'l  «l»'<"'nl  1 

TliH  llnl*HiiiiK  Dr.  KiiKlaixl  «ll.l  aff.-r  his  nrrlvul.  was  to 
nmkM  liims..lf  thoio.iKhly  ar.inaltit..l  with  th-  nm.  ilioti  of 
his  poor  but  wi.h-lv-spivad  <llo.vs...  il..fo.in.l,uiH.nimii.iv 
tliat  llu'iv  \Nns  a  ronKn-Kalion  al  Saviiuiiali,  hul  ihtil  it  \uul 
l)....u  (h'soitt'd.  H,.  tlM-ivfor.'  .h-h-nniu-a,  wltlu  ut  .l.«lny, 
to  visit  Savaimali,  Aii;?i.Mta,  Col.nul.la.  aii.l  i.tluT  towns 
witliin  Ills  jmisai.iion,  ApnointinK  I''i'tli.  r  l^ii.-li.t  .1.  I."ii. 
y\Wk  S.  .1.,  his  Vi«'iir<{.'n.'nil.  with  full  powi'is,  until  Ins 
ivt.inUoCliarl.'stoM,  and  ivqii.'siin-  Iimu  to  pmrlias..  Kroiind 
foi  n  s..c(m.l  cluiivii  in  tltat  clly,  an '  if  p  hsII.I..  proem-.'  ii 
go,id  sit.'  for  ucatli.Miial.  tin'  Apostolic  I^i^iioi*  hoaid.nl  iIim 
^loop  /h'i;//if,  and  .sail.'d  for  Suvanmdi  (-n  (li-  i:»tli  of  .laiiu- 
arv,   IH>,M. 

Il(>  found  tliat  tli.'H*  liad  Ix't'ii  no  priest  la  that  clfy  slnro 
th.'  pr.'vions(>.tol»»'r ;  and  to  n-pair  llio  ••vil  cans.'.!  I.y  tli- 
want  of  a  .•hM-jrvman  f(M'  s<.  Ioiik  u  ti">''.  ''<'  ••'•nini.«n(vd  a 
vl^rnroiis  <-ouis(''of  liistniction,  followed  l)y  tli."  adininistiii 
tion  of  th.'  Holy  Sacnni.-nts.  'I'lir  f<.llowin-r  mtry  In  Ins 
diary  alTords  an' itU-a  of  Di".  Kn?,'l:ind's  m.-ifxy,  ai.il  of  tli«» 
attention  whidi,  In  a  few  days,  he  had  excited  anions  non- 
(.'atli  >!ii's. 

''JitiiiiHiif  iXsf  -Heard  eonfesMons,  (•eh?1)rated  the  Holy 
Mass,  and  V.ilministered  th<'  Holy  ('oniniunion  to  twenty- 
seven  persons.  (Jave  (  onlirniation  to  ii  ft  een  persons.  At 
half-past  ten  (m-IocU,  I  spoke  on  the  erection  of  the  see,  on 
my  own  authority,  and  puMicly  <'onniiitted  tiie  th-.-k  of 
Savannah  to  tlieca'reof  the  llev.  Hohert  Hiowtie  nntil  T  should 
lliink  propiM-  to  rennwe  him;  and  after  Mass  T  jireached  to 
a  lar<ie  ci>nji;re<:ation.  ain(»n,ti;sl  whom  were  the  ]»rincipal  law- 
yers of  Savannah,  'ind  n.any  other  si iaii<ters.  In  the  even- 
ing' T  had  vespers,  and  ^rive  an  exhoitaiion  and  l)enedlc'tl(»n 
— cliurch  crowded  and  surrouiKh-d." 

The  next  entry  records  tlie  same  round  of  duty  with  this 
added:  "Was  asked  by  ihe  Mayor  and  otlier.s  to  preach  in 


n 

iitiinK  "^mikIh 

I  the  urollfKl. 
Ill     IIm-  II|i|i<>| 

rlvul.  WHM  fo 

roiKlUioH  ••!' 
Ipdliiliqilirv, 
t  iliiit  it  luid 
III  lit  ili'hiy, 
otlnT  tiiwiiH 
«'<llrf  .1.  I't'll- 
•!H,  until  Ills 

■||1|S<>  ^I'dIIIkI 

)lf  profiir.'  11 

I  l>i»!ll<lt'(l   tllH 

i:»tli  «tf  .laiiu- 

mt  city  HJiicn 
iuisf'il  l»y  til- 
•ommcjK'cd  a 
>  ndiniiiisDa 
:  i'litry  In  hln 
)\  ai.fl  of  tln» 
I  anionj;  non- 

tf'd  thn  Holy 
n  to  twfiity- 
l)«'rs()ns.  At 
if  tilt'  M»'t%  on 

tln'    llr..'k    of 

until  Islioiild 
I  j)icii('lit'd  to 
jdincipal  Itnv- 
In  tin*  cvrn- 
il  benediction 

ufv  with  (his 
s  to  prnach  in 


fifK  mnirr  nnv  tons  Ksnr.wn.  nn 


im 


fh,.  Pint.'Munt  KwImi'oimiI  rliur.'h,  \vhl<h  I  dtrliiu'd  for  th»> 

iiii'Mt'nt." 

\i.i.olnth»i<  ".rolin   IMIImu   to  ivjid  pniyon  f..r  Mu^m  on 
Sunday."'  nnti    If..'  v.-tuin  of  I(.'n,  rutli.i    IWoxmi.'.   whom 

h(.  took  with  him  on  his  vhitallon,  !^.i'    I'.n-.daud  pro, kd 

to  AuKMRiii,  whi.h  h."  muUrd  only  aft.-r  two  clayn  t.t  hard 
tiiivrllhiK.  AfttT  Honi.'  iMl.'f  iMit  •'M.-iK'-Hf  work  In  iIiIm  rlty, 
uhcivli..  a.lniinlst.'ivd  Cunllnii.ilioii  ••  io  .Iclm  MrCoinnu-U. 
F.s.i..  aii.l  forty  .'iKht  othoi's,"  h.<  «•>!  out  for  I.o«'UHt  (Jrovis 
whoH..  <JatholllM-oiiKiv«atlon  hud  not  mn-n  n  pih-nt  for  mi-v.-iuI 

•  \nhvd  fluMv  at   nlKhtfall,""  continues  the  diary,  '  and 

uu.  Most  kindly  r ived  by  ..Id  au.l  youuK  Mr;.,  'riionipson, 

I.,  the  former  of  whom  ,«reat  merit  is  due  ))er.>ie  (.od,  fi.r 
Mvservlu'jj  the  Faith  In  this  .'..untry.  Thi^  was  the  llrst 
^•■.thMlireunure-ationin  (Jeoi^ia;  i»  was  I.Hna-<l  in  I71M  or 
\rx,  by  t!ie  M.'ttl.Mnent  of  Mis.  Tlioinpson's  famdv  and  a 
f,.w  ofherH  fr<an  Marylan.l.  i^isl.op  Carroll,  of  IhilliiM.rf, 
sent  the  Hey.  Mr.  I.-   Merele:   t..  attend  theuK     After  -iKh. 

t i  naaiths  he  went  to  Snantud.:  an.l  Ib-y.  Mr.  Sajet    hen 

,,,,n„im-.l  seventeen  months,  and  returned  to  1  ram-e  I  la-r^ 
n;,s  tio  eleiTzy.nan  there  nntil  .Noyend.er,  IHIO.  when  tluj 
Ht.y  Robert  Browne  came  t.»  tak.'  eharue  of  Au^'usta  and 
it.  yh'inity,  a.id  remained  un.i1  IHir,.  This  ,  h.v  was  ...ra- 
Hlonallv  yisited  by  H'v.  Mr.  K..n  and    »  "^-    •^''■- ^  r^r.^, 

11  was  at  L.  n.:U  (inn..  Ihrt  li'shop  Kndaml  preaehed  I  us 
Ihst  open-air  sermon.  "The  rhun-h  l-einM'  too  small,  he 
tyrites,  -and  several  pers..ns  hayinjr  <-olleete.l  from  various 
parts  of  the  nei^d.b,.rho.Ml.  I  i.reaehe.l  from  an  eh-vation 
outside  to  about  four  hundred  perscms." 

or  WanWon  he  says  :  •' l  n.et  three  Cherokee  Indians, 
viz.,  Colonel  Diek.  >yho  speaks  a  little  Kn^dish   .lohn  Ihomi.- 
.on   and  Sampson,  to  whom  I  gav.  t  hei  r  break  fas  .     I  showed 
Jh^'olotud  tny  rm.  and  <r<>ss,  of  whieh  he  took  partuaihu- 
notice,  and  I  told  him  I  intended  visiting  Ins  nation;  he  saul 

he  would  know  me."  _,        ,     „     ,  :  ♦ 

On  reaching  Columbia,  "nr.  Kngland  fcaind  a  Hock  consist, 
ing  "of  about  two  hundred  and  lifty  persons,  principally 


700 


THE  RIUIIT  liKV.  JOHN  hJXGLAMK  D.D. 


Irish  liilndt'i's  Miqiloyed  in  milking' fli<'  ••aiKil."  Theivwas 
no  clmirli,  and  tiif  ]^ish<»ii  ''  tlRMvlorcpmiclKMl  in  tlicConrt- 
httn.sc  tliat  ni<:;ht  to  a  very  nunuTons  and  ivspcctable  congrc- 
^^ati(»n,"'  niDHtly  l*r()testants.  He  made  sticnuons  clTorts  to 
bt',uiii  a  church  ;  and  (»;i  liis  cnniinittee  ol"  collection  avo  see 
t*uch  irenuine  Irish  Catholic  names  as  Peter  .\lcHnire  ami 
.John  HrlVcrnan. 

Hishop  Knuland  now  returned  to  Charleston,  and  addressed 
himself  to  the  ^Mvat  labor  of  his  life,  lie  be,ii;an  a  course  of 
lectures,  which  laid  the  foundation  of  a  lame  that  ere  h»ng 
spi'ead  through  every  State  in  the  I'nion.  l)urin«i  the  Lent 
lie  discussed  the  principal  truths  of  religion  in  a  way  which 
did  not  fail  to  attract  the  attention  of  the  most  thoughtful  and 
intellectual.  Nor  was  this  labor  without  its  reward.  In  his 
diary  we  tind  the  names  of  several  conveits  recorded,  in- 
cludin.ii  that  of  "a  lawyer  of  eminence." 

In  tiie  last  week  of  Lent,  we  iind  this  slee])less  toiler  in 
(rod's  vineyard  is-iuiu'4  his  hrst  bo,)k.  It  was  a  catechism, 
which,  he  says,  "I  had  much  labor  in  comi)iling  from  var- 
ious others,  and  adding  seveial  parts  which  I  considered 
necessary  to  be  explicitly  dwelt  upon  under  the  peculiar 
circumstances  of  my  diocese." 

In  the  Siaing  of  IS21  he  established  the  '•  l]()(»k  Society,"' 
and  had  the  necessary  measures  ttdveii  to  form  a  general 
committee,  and  to  have  the  society  extended  throughout 
the  whole  diocese. 

The  following  quotation  fi'om  Di-.  England's  diary  is  sadly 
suggestive  in  relation  to  the  state  of  the  Catholics  at  the 
SoTith.  It  was  written  of  Wilmington,  but  might  be  truth- 
fully applied  to  many  other  pli.c  -s  : 

"  Jla//  Will  ns  >1  (.—Celebrated  Mass  at  my  lodgings,  and 
gave  an  exhortation  lo  those  who  attended.  After  break- 
fast met  the  Catholics,  about  twenty  men— not  a  woman  or 
child  of  the  Catholic  Faith.  No  priest  had  ever  been  lixed 
here,  nor  in  the  neighborhood.  A  l?ev.  ]Mr.  Burke  had 
spent  a  fortnight  here,  about  twenty-live  years  l)ef(. re,  and  a 
Jesuit,  going  to  some  Spanish  settlement,  spent  two  or  three 
days  in  the  town,  about  the  year  1815,  and  baptized  the 


n. 

Thoiv  was 
in  tlit'Coiiit- 
tiibl*'  congrc- 
)us  (.'(Torts  to 
h'rti(»ii  wii  see 
tlclitiiie  aiul 

nd  addressed 
n  a  course  of 
!liat  eie  long 
ring  tlie  Lent 
a  way  wliicli 
loughtfid  and 
ivard.  In  ids 
recorded,  in- 

)]ess  toiler  in 
a  catecldsni, 

ng  from  var- 
I  considere(l 
the  peculiar 


27//;  IlfGlIT  UFA:  JOllS  KMU.ASI),  D.T) 


71)1 


cldldren  of  Mr. ;  but  their  niotlier  being  u  Melhodint, 

they  were  not  educated  in  the  Faith. 

"The  Catholics  who  live  here,  and  tliey  who  occasionally 
come  here,  lOii'r  in  (In-  Imhit  <>/'  goiiKj  l<>  nllur  plats  oj 
m>nihii)-~Ei)hvi>iHil  Piott slant,  MiUnxlist,  and  I'Kshi/- 
f,.,.ffin—an(l  hml  ncarlif  Am/  all  Uha  of  Calliolivih:.  I 
spoke  on  the  neeessity  oi'  tliei- assembling  togdlicr  on  Sun- 
days for  prayer  an<i  instruction,  and  of  tlieir  lormiiig  u 
branch  of  the*  Book  S.-^-ty,  to  both  of  which  th.-y  readily 
agreed,  ami  then  recommended  their  entering  into  a  sul)- 
scription  to  procure  a  lot  for  a  church,  and  lo  comnicm'o 
building,  as  1  would  tidoj  care  they  should  bcoccasuinaliy 
visited  by  a  priest.     I  also  exhorted  them  to  prepare  lor  the 

Sacraments.  • 

"I  received  an  invitaticm  from  the  pastor  and  trustees  ot 
the  Presbyterian  church  to  use  their  building  (th<'  best  in 
the  town),  which,  upon  n.nsideration,  I  a.M-epted.  1  was 
waited  upon  by  the  Protestant  nnnister,  who  olTered  me  his 
church  also,  which,  of  course,  I  declined,  as  having  accepted 
of  the  other.  In  the  evening  I  prea<-hed  to  a  v.M'y  largo 
ccmgregation,  on  the  nature  of  the  Catholic  religion." 


)ok  Society,"' 
rm  a  general 
L  throughout 

liary  is  sadly 
holies  at  the 
isxlit  be  truth- 


n^dgings,  and 

After  break- 

t  a  woman  or 

er  been  tixed 

'.   Burke  had 

before,  and  a 

t  two  or  three 

baptized  the 


CTIAPTKll  III. 

CiLANCKS   AT   AN    IIKIIOK     UPK. 

Father  ?Jiif/7nnd\,  fjreaffamr  and  worfh-IIh  lore  for 
Ih'  Imil'd  ^laU'^-rhe,  fouiuhr  of  tin-  Vathohr  />;v.?.s' 
of   n>h    n,pnblU'~Uni^   he  tran'lU'd-The  pomr  oj 

%    Fafhi-r  ifNdWs  lUh'-Vrearhiny  on,  a  stump  by  the. 

•  n-ayside-A  pm-pHurr-Ifow  the  yrcat  Bishop  pun- 
i.shi'd  a  vonceited,  m-t>red  Preacher. 

\.s  years  w;'ut  o.i.  so  <li;l  the  fam-  of  Bishop  Eii^'land  in- 
crease,  until  the  tinw  came  when,  from  one  end  of  the  Ue- 
nublic.  to  the  other,  his  brijj;lit  name  became  a  liousehokl 
word  with  Catholics  of  every  nationality,  who  reco-ni/ed  in 
him  an  heroic  champifm,  fully  equipped,  and  equal  to  the 
srood  li<dit.  The  feelinj^^s  of  his  own  countrymen  towards 
him  cannot  be  described,  so  intense  was  their  pride  in  us 
<rreat  qualities— his  matchless  power  of  ton<,'ue  and  pen,  his 
resistless  force  as  a  controversalist,'  his  wonderful  capacity 
for  public  aifairs-the  nobleness  and  grandeur  of  hisnaturei 
which  all  men  respected,  and  which  made  for  him  the  fast- 
est friends,  even  among  those  who  were  not  of  the  Catholic 

Church.  , 

There  were,  it  is  true,  other  great  and  good  bishops,  who, 
bv  their  holv  lives  and  lofty  characters,  commanded  a  re- 
spectful tolerktion  for  their  Faith ;  but  Dr.  England  extorted 


.  Tho  .Unohin.'  force  of  tho  Bi.hopV mimnor  of     i^onins;  nv.y  !><•  illaxtratort  l.y  thr  f..llo«in« 
roply.  glvrn  by  >iu  Irishman,  who  was  one  of  the  wnrnieH  .ul.nirer.  of  hin  rti.tn.s.i.shea  country 

"""Well,  Pat,"  wiul  a  huly  to  tho  IrlAmnn.  "  what  do  you  think  of  your  nixhop  r 
••Think  of  him,  ma-am-    Faith,  ma'am,  I  think  a  donl  of  him.  an.l  why  not?    In.  ho 

,-r ,n  1,  .n  nn,.  when  he  cros.e.  hi,  two  arm.  on  hi.  brea-t.  an,    lo.k-  arr.-..ua  at    ^c-m  all.  after 

one  of  hi.  re-jular  .ma.hor..  as  much  as  to  say-'  Answer  me  that  an.l  be  -l-- .'\'<' >""  ' 
••O'l  Pat-  romonstr«»e(l  the  lady,  who.  whatever  she  thought  of  the  criticism,  was  gome- 

What  startled  ai  the  rather  forcible  manner  in  which  It  was  cxpre98ed.-JAa!/«tr«. 

792 


1 


TJin  lur.nr  hkv.  jou.\  E.\aj.A.\D.  d.d. 


79:J 


^'■/.v  lore  for 

'/(•.  j)()i('cr  of 
'nuip  bif  the. 
Bishop  pun- 

Eu^'land  in- 
l  of  the  He- 
ll lioiivSehold 
I'ecognized  in 

equal  to  tlie 

men  towartls 

pride  in  Ids 

and  pen,  his 
jrful  capacity 
of  hisnaturej 
him  the  fast- 

the  Catliolic 

bishops,  who, 
manded  a  re- 
;land  extorted 

riili'd  liy  till"  fi)llo\vin« 
cll!!tiii}»iiisliiil  cnuntry- 

I  why  lint?  I""'!  lin 
-.111(1  lit  thorn  nil.  lifter 

(1 dtoyou!'" 

?  criticiem,  was  gome- 


mpert  for  his  rclijrion  by  the  ma>,Mc  power  with  which  he 
unfolded  its  principles  to  those  who  crowth'd  around  hini 
wherever  In;  went.  an<l  rcfuteil  the  calumnies  and  misrepre- 
sentations that  had  been  the  stock-in-trade  of  tlie  enemies  of 
th.'  ancient  Faith  for  centuries.  Like  all  Catholic  Irishmen 
of  that  (lav,  as  also  of  tLe  present,  the  givat  prelate  became 
an  American  citizen  as  so.m  as  the  law  wouhl  permit;  nor 
,liaheever  ceasi',  to  iilentify  himself  thorou^dily  with  his 
adopted  conntrv,  proml  of  her  greatness,  jeah.us  of  licr  honor, 
lovin"  her  hevondi.ll  others,  save  that  dear  old  laml  whose 
v..colh'ctions  lav  fondly  cherished  down  deep  in  his  heart. 

The  .rivataimof  Bishop  Knfilamr.s  life  in  this  country 
seems  to  have  been  to  piesent  the  (^.tholic  C^hiirch,  her  doc- 
trines and  practices,  in  all  their  truth  and  beauty  and  gran- 
deur before  the  American  people.     In  his  elTorts  to  <lo  this, 
his  labors,  perhaps,  have  never  been  equalled  by  any  other 
man    It  was  with  this  object  he  established  the  IWM  SMc, 
Catholic  Miscdlanu,  in  1802.     On  his  arnval  in  America  he 
found  theCathc»licChuirh  comparatively  defenceless  ;  but  he 
soon  rendered  it  a  dangertms  task  toattack  or  vilify  the  >aith 
,»f  a-es     Many  who  ventured  on  this  mode  of  warfare  were 
Khuf  to  retreat  from  the  field  l,efore  the  crushing  weapons  of 
logic,  erudition,  and  eloipience  with  which  he  battled  for  his 
Church,  his  creed,  and  his  people. 

He  was  the  real  founder  of  Catholic  journalism  in  this 
Remiblic  '    He  saw  that  our  religion  was  regarded  with 
contempt;  and  to  him  fell  the  splendid  work  of  changing 
the  current  of  public  opinion,  ot  giving  the  Catliolic  Church 
a  certain  respectability-a  status  in  this  Republic.     A  pre- 
late endowed  with  such  grasp  of  mind  at,  once  perceived  tlie 
value  of  the  press.     For  twenty  years  the  P^nct^o    Pr 
England's  magic  pen  appeared  in  thecolumns  of  ^^^^'^^ 
Miscellany.     His  accomplished  young  sister  was  for  a  time 
his  second  self  in  the  management  of  the  paper ;  and  i    is 
said  she  often  toned  down  the  fierce  logic  of  his  bold  and 
pointed  articles,  while  by  her  own  oontribution^lie  rages 

'~:^rn\l7^.0^i.'mmany^<^<^  ^tylod  the  llrBt  Catholic  nc.paper  publi.hed  in 
the  United  SUtcs.    It  ccused  publication  In  1801. 


w^ 


THE  RKIIIT  REV.  JOHN  KNaLASI),  D.D. 


of  Hit'  joiii'iiiil  were  frtviin'iitly  irriicfd  ;iii<l  t'liiidicil.  Hut 
(»o(l  cijllfil  Mway  this  ;jfil't(^(l  mil  hi'iiitiriil  <£\v\,  ami  the  illiis 
tricMis  Hislntp  shed  iuiii:y  a  tear  «.ii  her  untimely  ^'lavo, 
I'lult'i'  such  noble  r.usi»ii'es  began  our  lirat  American  C'atholil 
newspaper. 

Iiislut])  Knylamrs  diocese,  as  we  have  already  remarked, 
embraced  thicc  lai'ge  States,  with  a  jtoor  and  scatferecl 
Catholic  ])()pulation.  It  was  a  vast  territory,  and  every- 
thing; was  to  creati .  Hut  the  ener,L''y  and  /ejd  of  tins  extra- 
ordinary man  w»i-e  eipjal  to  th<>  dilliculties  of  liis  mission. 
He  toiled  and  travelled  in  this  mantier. 

He  possessed  a  little  carriage  and  two  strong  jtonies,  which 
lie  managed  to  j)urchase.  with  the  aid  of  a  few  moneyed 
friends,  and,  acconipani<Ml  by  a  negro  boy  as  driver,  lie 
would  push  on  from  place  to  i)lace,  preaching,  instiucting, 
and  administering  the  Sacraments;  and  on  his  retisrn — it 
might  be  In  thre<>,  si::,  or  even  nine  months — he  would  read- 
ily and  even  ])rolitably  disposr  of  his  cattle,  then  more 
valuable  than  at  the  beginning  of  the  journey,  owing  to  ihe 
training  to  which  they  had  been  subjected. 

Many  a  strange  incident,  and  even  startling  adventure, 
occurred  to  the  apost(>lic  traveller  during  his  long  journeys, 
at  a  time  when  the  roads  were  little  better  than  meie  tracks. 
The  population  was  thinly  scattered,  and  even  the  rudest 
sortot  acconmiodati(m  was  not  always  to  be  had.  Often  the 
shelter  oi' the  forest  was  all  that  could  be  obtained  for  the 
traveller. 

Once  in  a  town  or  city,  he  was  sure  of  being  w<'ll  received. 
Prejudice,  it  is  true,  ke])t  some  aloof  from  the  "Popish 
Bishop,"  but  American  curiosity,  and  the  irrepressible  desire  to 
listen  to  sermons,  discourses,  and  lectures  of  any  descrii)tion, 
impelled  numbers  to  hear  a  man  who  was  famous  for  his  elo- 
quence. Halls,  court-houses,  concert -rooms,  <'hurclies  and 
chapels,  would  be  freely  placed  at  his  disjiosal ;  and,  indeed, 
the  probal)ility  is  that  lie  rarely  suffered  from  lack  of  hosj)!- 
tality  under  such  circumstances. 

There  were  occasions,  however,  when  the  Bishop  found  it 
diflirult  enough  to  make  out  a  dinner,  or  secure  the  shelter 


ricli.-.l.  Uni 
mil  tli)>  illiiH 
iiiicly  ^M'iivc. 
ifiinCatlKilii 

ly  rt'iiKirkcd, 
nd  scattered 
,  aiul  every- 
)!'  tliis  extra- 
lii.s  nilssiuii. 

(onies,  wliich 
few  moneyed 
s  (li'lv«'i',  lie 
,  instiiK'ting, 
is  ret.ii'n— it 
^  would  lend- 
,  then  more 
owing  to  ihe 

g  adventni'e, 
>ng  journeys, 
meie  ti-acks. 
n  the  i'U(h'.st 
I.  Often  the 
lined  fur  the 

veil  received, 
the  "Popish 
sible desire  to 
'  des('rii)tion, 
wa  for  hiselo- 
•hurehes  and 
and.  indeed, 
ack  of  hos])i- 

hop  found  it 
•e  the  shelter 


1 


rm:  uwur  ukv.  jous  i:s(ii..\si>.  i>n. 


71).") 


p     V  .!•  ....ninst  thoni-lit.     Kven  in  tl>e  Southern  Slates, 

:  ;•  .;;';;:,:'pr::.:!;n  .^  M -;■-■" '•■:fr";:^';:  ;■:: 

,  vl.ulU  «M0    I..  <n:   ,,,.■1    "Mil     iU    l.'a-l,,u   Ih.Ulh 

^^■t'lnrta'U::!:...;,^:;'; :...-•." ^ 

,V,i  u  ■    i)i"".'i-  "•>»  -'""'I-  "■"'  f^'-"' "'"';"' ;"""'"' 

, '       ■,,,,,,^,.,1.   liu,  .!,...■.•  ™»  t.,  I... ....  i...n..;y  "'- 

:  1,    i....  " V.,.,  .........I  "t'T  t..-..-.!.'i.>.  >."  "■"■•  ","• 

■  .    «,,...al w„..,-„f  ,h,.  ,.,.M.sj......  .....I  !..»  "Sly 

,,,,a  his  ..1.1    .       ■'       ,„.      ,.„„.,■,„■,..«■.  sa..nl.'.-c.l  t..».u-.l« 

! ;:;  ;:;;:i:;:?     .  :,!ll,'  ."..m  ^i-e  n.^  i...y  -« t-'";« 

--■-'^i:^s;,™T."u;;;sr:^on,.'l';.!t^a!i;:,i,e 

v'.','.v""  1  <.r     1 .'«.."  "■■•«  '-i'-»"  ""•'"''^■;  ";■""'  ™° 

,nl        .  iVtl  .  'l..v..rw..na.'.-e.l  t„..n„.l,...-,  w1.\1h.1.-  'o-Sf' 

;::^;;r,:;:',j.ifi«i..,..nar;j;.n....^..^^^^^^ 

their  food  with  a  keener  relibli.     neu,  uiu.tu, 
plilied  the  saying  that— 

"  Music  halh  charms  to  soothe  the  savage  breast." 

\s  the  sweet  notes  stole  nhmg  on  the  soft  air  of  a  South- 
Astiieswedii  inhospitable  residence,  a  head 

Si.    AnotWv  lovely  aiv  '-^^^^^1^'^ 
i„i,..r  „„nrlv  trar-.lrni>»  t«.  Hie  i-ye,  ami  till  tlie  lie.ur  -Biiii  u" 

utteving  thesB  wis:    "Stmngei-s!   do.,  t  go!-s<..y 
ir  J\ur™il"om:--y  b.  n„w  e.a..ea  host, 


I 


700 


THE!  RWIIT  REV.  JOILY  KM//.AM>.  /'M 


That  ev.'i.InK  tl..'  two  j:,i,.sts  <.nj..yp(l  the  host  nontn  nroiiml 
tlM.  heiirtli,  Kutlu'iOWeill  playing  till  a  late  hour  for  tlw 

fumilv.  ,-,1.  i. 

N.'xt  mcniinf?  th«  ninstor  of  tlio  liousc  woiiM  not  ncropt 
of  the  loast  compensaliun.  '•  No,  no,  liishop!  No,  no, 
Ur  O'Neill:  not  a  (vnt !  you're  heartily  weleonie  to  it. 
(Vn.e  as  often  an  you  please,  ami  May  as  lon«  as  you  wish  ; 
we'll  be  always  filad  to  s<h.  you  ;  but  -"  and  lie  (lirecte.l 
his  words  to  Father  O'Neill-''/^^  .v'//t  and  (lout  jon/d. 

The  ea-er  <lesire  to  hear  Bishop  En^dand  was  not  oonhned 
to  any  pinticular  class.  It  was  eonmion  to  idl.  A  somewhat 
curious  instance,  illustrative  of  Ins  popularity  as  a  preacher 
(.ccurred  durin-  one  of  his  j(mrneys.  ArriviuK  i>t  a  kind  of 
waysid"  inn,  or  what  inav  be  described  as  a  oarniau  s  stage, 
I)r  Enn-huid  found  himself  in  tlu-  midst  of  a  large  convoy  of 
<'otton-wag(ms,  drawn  by  mules  and  horses,  with  a  number 
of  drivers  and  attendants,  both  white  and  colored. 

The  prelate's  p(mies  had  been  fed,  and  he  was  just  about 
to  resume  his   journey,  when  a  grave,   elderly  man,  who 
seemed  to  be  in  command,  approached  liim,  with  every  mark 
of  respect,  and  said  :  '^  Stranger,  are  you  Bishop  England  '. 
The  Bishop  answered,  "  Yes." 

"Well,  Mr.  Bishop,"  continued  the  grave  personage, 
"  we've  heard  tell  of  you  much.  The  folks  around  say  you 
are  the  most  all-fired  powerful  preacher  in  this  country.  I 
had  to  leave  Washington  before  you  got  there  ;  and  T  can  t 
cet  to  Milledgeville  till  you're  gone.  AN'ould  you,  ^fr.  Bishop, 
mind  giving  us  a  bit  of  a  sermon  right  liere  ?  It'll  obleege 
me  and  mv  friends  much— do,  Mr.  Bishop." 

"T>o,  Mr.  Bishop  !"  was  taken  up,  in  full  chorus,  by  the 

TGSt 

The  appeal  so  urged  was  inesistible,  and  the  zealous  mis- 
sionary  yielded  a  ready  .)>iient. 

The  Bishop  took  his  sLand  on  the  stump  of  a  tree  which 
had  been  cut  down  to  widi ;..  the  road.  Tlie  branches  of  a 
huge  elm  flung  their  welcome  nhadow  over  the  preacher  and 
the  attentive  group  that  clustered  around  in  mute  expectation. 


i"^^ 


u. 

^onts  nronnd 
liour  for  tliH 

il  not  nrrept 
!>!  No,  no, 
'Iconio  to  it. 
\s  yoti  wish ; 
ho  (lirt'ch'd 
(foiit  j"or;/rf 

not  confined 
A  Honicwliat 

IS  a  prcacluM', 
rat  Ji  kind  of 
iniau's  stag<', 
fjr«.  convoy  of 
itli  a  uuHilter 
fed. 

as  just  about 
ly  man,  who 
li  every  niarl<. 
)1)  England  i" 

re  personage, 
aund  say  you 
is  country.     T 

;  and  T  can't 
I,  yh\  Kisliop, 

It'll  obleego 

ihorus,  by  the 

e  zealous  mis- 

'  a  tree  which 
branches  of  a 
;  preacher  and 
te  expectation. 


TiiH  an  HIT  rfa'.  JoiiN  ENOLA:n>,  d  d  707 

It  was  a  scene  fora, painter-  the d.mse,  overhanging  foresr 
the  rude,  weather  slaiued  l..g  l.o..se,  tlie  open  cleur.ug.  hi 
,,y  u  glowing  Southern  sun,  ihe  large,  rougli  Nvagons,  w.lli 
Icir  ho>.e.s7.nd  n.ules,  the  har.ly,  bron/.e.l  countenatu-eso 
the  whites,  and  the  great  roiling  eyes  an.l  gh.an.mg  tee  h 
negr..es  of  every  hue  and  tint.     Hut  the  chM-f  I  gure  of  al 
t  not  unworthy  ui  Its  pro,ninen<.e-  a  man  .n  the  pnne  of 
li   .   of  well-.-it  and  powerful  fra.ue.      ll.s  face  was  s  n.ng, 
,;.  ie,   <lark,   and   full   of   power  n,..l  passum      1  .s  .nm 

^;;;;i.d  wi.h\i.  lire  tind  glowed  within,  ji  -j-^ 

Heenml  to  seanh   the  very  <l.'plhs   ol  the  sou        I  his  was 
1)     England,  as  he  stood  up<.n  that  stump  by  the  wayside 

Soon  the  willing  audience  was  b,.un.   I.y  ^  '-1-      '    ' 
eloouence,  as  he  unfolde.l  before  them  the  solemn  t  nths  ot 
,  v'oi^ndeM  «'»tl-"'  'iH-ir  duties  to  Uod  ami  to 

Lch-       low-men.     P.ehad  b.en  about  twenty  nnnuesm- 
Ivssing  tiie  cn.wd,  w  hen  the  leader  stepped  Crward,  and 
nXMi     hand,  said  :  -  That  will  d<.,  Mr.  Hishop  tha    w.l 
r    We  re  much  obleeged  to  y.m,  Mr.  Bishop      Its  all  just 
the    folks  sav-y.>ure  an  all-lired   powerlul   preacher 
tvJd  like  to  l-ar  I.  always,  but  wen.usn;t  st..p  you  now. 
Think  vou,  Mr.  Bishop  -thank  you,  Mr.  Bish()p. 

-Ink  vou,  Mr.  Bishop,"  crie.l  therest  in  chorus  And 
..„i.  V  wihi  cheer  that  would  have  tried  the  nerves  ot  hors.;s 
less    inaned    than    his,    Bishop    England    continued    his 

^''Xiilustrious  Bishop's  tact  and  fund  of  wit  were  equal 
toll    eHiuen.v,  and  more  than  once  he  had  occasu.n  to 
lun  mm  th  m  into  service.     We  have  but  room    oranin- 
st  "nee       le  was  travelling,  <m  one  <.<-casion    m  the  same 
sta-  witl    a  conceited  young  preacher.     The  young  mau 
o;;7/break  a  lance  with  the  great  -  Pop  sh  L.shop ;     an 
e   nps   the  happy  result  might  become  known  even  m  the 
Ta  IsTth    Vatican.     Pr.  England  was  engagec   m  earnes 
convJ  1  ion  with  some  fellow-passengers  ;  but  that  did  not 
^:r r  preacher  ^-m    asking    y,—    a^^^      - 

r;ml  was  continually  quoted.      It  was  nothing  but  Paul 


i 


f 


TW 


THE  itiaiir  HEV.  jnns  kxqi.and,  dp. 


here,  niul  I*tiiil  tli*>t'«',  iind  luiw  could  tliu  "  HoiiianistN** 
iinswor  Paul  < 

At  lirst,  fill'  MiHJiop  pnitl  nn  ntfonfioii.  \\n\  as  tlicill  I  r'<l 
prearlu-r  stuck  to  his  poinis  with  (ho  jtcrtiiiacity  (»f  u  ^Jid- 
ily,  tlic  luiiHiUirt'  Itccaiiu*  iiitolnahh'.  ('(nifioiitiii^  tliu  iin- 
courti'Diis  v«'ji(lt'r  <»f  ffxts,  Dr.  Hiii^laiil  <lir»'ct«'(l  tiic  Mazrof 
his  jjji«'at  Hycs,  which  ji;h'aiii»'tl  with  fiiii  and  file,  upon  iiini, 
an  1  piv(<  uttcraiicf  fo  this  stranj,'**  ••cltuUc:  "Yoim^  niiiiil 
if  y<»ii  iiav«»  not  faith  and  jiicty  sufficient  to  induce  y<ni  to 
<'aU  the  Ajiostle,  '  Snint  Paul,'  at  least  have  tho  good  iriaii- 
neis  to  call  him  *  .l//.vA /•  Paul ;'  and  do  n<»t  be  iM-ipetually 
<all'n.<j:  hitn  'Paul,'  '  I'liid,'  as  if  ycai  considered  him  no 
better  than  a  negro." 

Tho  words,  assisted  by  the  comical  gravity  with  which 
they  were  uttered,  and  enforced  by  the  roar  of  laughter 
witli  which  they  wero  receiv«'d  by  the  delighted  passengers, 
extinguished  the  poor  preacher,  who  rapidly  hi<l  himself  in 
the  town  nt  which  the  stage  arrived.  Nor  did  the  jilYair  end 
here.  The  story  got  abi-oi-.d,  and  the  next  Sunday,  while 
the  preacher  was  (»nligl»tening  an  audience,  some  irreverent 
wag  Interrupted  him  by  repeating,  "Mister  I'ard  — >nster 
Paul."  The  absurdity  of  the  uH'air  even  obliged  him  to 
leave  for  parts  unknown ! 


A 

'  HdiiiimisH" 

\\H  thrill  I  I'd 
Ity  of  II  gml- 
itiii;;  tlie  iin- 
(I  the  lilii/(Mif 
It',  II I  ion  him. 
Voting  nuiii! 
iidiicc  you  to 

lU    ^0(>(t  lllllll' 

'  iM'rp«'fiiiilIy 
Ut(mI  him  no 

'  witli  wliich 
r  of  liiii<;ht('r 

I    IKISSJ-n^it'l'S, 

id  liimscif  ill 
tiM'  alTiiir  end 
iindiiv,  whilf 
riif»  i!'!('v«'r«'iit 
I'aril  — >iiHt('r 
(liged  him  to 


CUArTKlt   IV. 

LAST  YKMIS  OF  "Till;  NOIH.KST  HoMAN  oF  THFM  Af-L." 

Jlis/^op  /•:„f,hnH/  and  his  rhsslmf  srhonf  li'tt'''ni  Jl*' 
rflWf.'<  O'loinst  dnvlliiiH  rmn-himj  in  Ihr  hnll  >:/  ///'!, 
/h»sr  n'ni,,-  /f.prrs,„fo/ins  Ills  vAhnsirr  u>/l»n»r 
-Ills  mllrlliiih  for  nil  Ills  l,nin,flhss  ziol-Hr.  A//.7- 
hn,d  ami  th'  mhnslrr  -lio'is.  H,,'  lllsho,,  ./rl/»pM 
to  Ills  shirt r  —  lllx  '-'nr  ol'  Ihr  iinjros  His  Inmisiu 
,hn-lnif  th,-  plntnir  Ills  hist  dai/s-Srcucs  at  his  (hath- 
/,r(t    (llaiin's  at  his  rharai'tvr. 

IVishop  Kn-l!in.l  was  th.-  revivor  of  classical  Icainin^  in 
South  Caioliua.  With  the  ..l.jcct  of  provldiiiK  a  c-h-iKV  (• 
his  (.wii  f<u'  th.' diocese,  several  candidates  havinfr  aprla-cl 
to  him,  he  opened  at  Charleston  a  classical  scliool,  iu  which 
tlieseaspiraiitsto  the  holy  ministry  were  ma(U' teachers,  while 
tliev  pursued  their  theological  studies  under  Dr.  I^ng'-ind 
hin'isi'lf  'I'liis  school  received  numerous  scholai-s  froni  the 
best  families  of  the  city,  and  yielded  a  suflicieiit  income  to 
support  the  theological   students  wliile  preparing  lor  the 

iiriesthood.  , ,.         ...  .^. 

The  exercises  of  the  school,  and  its  public  exhibitions, 
cave  boundless  satisfaction  to  its  patrons  and  friends.  I  he 
Hcholars  increased  to  about  one  hundred  juul  thirty,  and  the 
Bishop,  encouraged  by  the  bi-ight  prospects*  h^foie  him,  in- 
curred a  heavy  liability  in  securing  the  services  of  additumal 
teachers  of  the  highest  capacity.  But,  unhappily,  at  this 
juncture  the  pent-np  bi-otry  of  the  opposing  sects  burst 
forth  into  a  storm  of  opp.>siti(m  against  the  school,  and,  m 
ueneral,  against  "the  errors  and  deformities  of  1  opery. 

The  press  and  the  pulpit  rang  loudly  with  the  denuncia- 
tions of  fanaticism.     Bigotry  grew  loud-mouthed.     H-otes- 


! 


H(t() 


TiiK  ttWllt'  //AT.  J'  7.V  KSdf.AXP,  HM, 


Hints  ucrf  (<»|(|  fliiit  flu-y  wi'h'  hixliiK  llifiiiHt  lv«'s  to  wt  tip 
tlic  "  HoiiiiHir"  Otiuri'h,  iukI  tdnliiciitc  u  ••  U.iMiish"'  rl»'rj;\ . 
'I'lif  |iiil>!ic  ifv?(;u:i>'»",  (»f  hr.  Kti;;l!iirl.  tliiit  his  scIkmiI  wuh 
♦•x<'luMv»'ly  clu.Hslt'ul,  iiiul  tliiit  MM  h'lipdiis  «'x«>i'i'hos  «n*  In- 
Ntnictious  \vi'i'«'  uspil,  liiiil  iiiM'lTtcf. 

I*ritt»'st:infiMni  was  !iliiiiii»'<l.  'I'l.f  Pmic^tant  ncIkkiIs  wit  • 
iv-iipfncd.  Till'  rollcgH  <»f  Cliiirlfsiuii  which  Iiu<l  Ih'«-ii 
MHMiM'!i(h'(I  for  Noin«>  tini«>— wa^H  ivvlvvd,  tiixt  a  n«'\v  ini|H'tn<< 
^'ivrn  to  s»'ctiiriatiiMUi. 

'I'ln'  Hishop's  school  and  sfininiiry,  thon^di  I'nfcflilcd,  was 
*  not  aiinihil.'tit'd.  It  continued  io  Itcstow  a  thorough  cla.s.si- 
(*ul  and  null li«>inati<'Ml  education  upon  the  Htudcnt.-s  who  it. 
Horteil  to  it,  and  sui»p(»ift'd  tluM><rl»'sia.stical  Seminal  y.  This 
Seinlnaiy,  uiidfi-  Dr.  I'ln;i;land'scai'e,  trained  up  an  al»le.  edii 
eated  clei'^y  for  tlie  dioce.se  of  ( 'liaii«  .-Ion,  ami  prepared  for 
the  ministry  some  of  the  most  honored  clergymen  ot  other 
dioceses.' 

'Plius  this  ^reat  ratholie  Bisliop  found  timennildst  lii.'^ 
pi'essinij;  avocations  to  inomote  the  .spn-ad  of  literary  and 
H('ieulili(!  knowledj>;t>  in  the  I'lty  of  Charleston;  and  as  ii 
niinist  H'of  pwice,  lie  fullilled  his  vocation  by  the  formation 
of  an  Anti  Duelling  Association,  of  which  (teiiera!  IMnck- 
nev,  of  Revolutionary  fame,  was  the  pieside'it.  Dr.  Ku^- 
land's  addiess  before  this  association,  a^'ainst  the  wildly 
Btujiid  practice  called  duelliu<,',  Is  one  '>f  the  most  forcil)lo 
and  masterly  productions  ♦'ver  i)enned  in  any  laiiguaj^e. 

At  the  .su^';j;estion  of  some  of  tln'  Southern  members  of 
Con<,Mess,  the  Hishop  was  invited  to  i)reach  in  the  hall  of 
tlie  House  of  Itepresentntives,  nt  Wnshinf,'ton.  lie  nc- 
cepled  the  invitation,  and  was  the  first  Catholic  cler^'y man 
ever  occui>yiii,i?  that  [)lace.  His  discourse  was  a  noble  pro- 
duction, full  of  charity,  kindness,  and  winnin<j:Ki"{">'b'ur. 

There  was  no  portion  of  tho  American  (Church  in  which 
Dr.  Kn<jfland's  intiuence  was  not  felt.  He  was  constantly 
consul  ?d  by'inslu»ps.  priests,  and  laymen  from  every  jiart 
of  the  country.     At  Rome  his  inflnenre  in  Church  nuitters 


'  Hinhop  Kii^'liiml  liitrutlucHl  the  I'mulliU'B  ani  thu  HUtcm  of  Murcy  tiiio  liU  dlocune  an  n'llj. 
kouB  fi'Uiulu  te^clii-rit. 


I 


\»'M    t«»    H«'(     tip 

luish"  eh  rg) . 
is  NclietuI  wiiH 

;«'I'i'In«'h  <ir  In- 
it!i   liiol  Im*«'|i 

lll>NV    illl|M'tU<l 

iift'f'ltlftl,  WHS 
•loiifih  rla.H.sl- 
It'Ilt.H  \vli«)  !•» . 
niriniy.  This 
nil  III)])',  (mIii- 
prcptii'cil  for 
iiu'U  i)t  oilier 

iicnniidsf  Ills 
litcriiry  iiiid 
1)11 ;  :iii(l  lis  a 
li*'  roi'iiiatiuii 
jiuTu)  IMiick 
It.  Dr.  Kii^- 
*t  the  wildly 
most  fiNiclhio 
inKiiiij^c. 

IIM'llllx'IS    of 

tlic  li:ill  o[ 
(HI.  lie  lU'- 
llc  cU'r^ynian 

ii  noble  pro- 

eh  in  wliieh 
IS  consfnntly 
n  every  i)art 
nrch  matters 

liU  dtoci'sc  III*  ri'll);- 


Tm:  mnnr  nt:v  tmis  vsnr.Mh.  nn 


Hot 


in  this  n.iimiy  WIIH  veij  u««'ut.  Tl.r  uinliiah  nille.l  li'.m 
Iho  "Sretim  Uhllo|»"  of  Allieliei. 

NVInifV»-r  lliet'llllivli  Uiisilllli.  led  o|'  WolHide  I.   lie  lefl  IH' 

,  ,, |\  miapplie.l.      ills  ^iill.-d  mind  and  "••mikI  jiiduiiieiu 

l.l'oiiirill  Jill  llieir  foreen  to  IwilloilHUeli  tnmhle^.  Illsell'oiltl 
l.,li.»lllieNelilHIU  III  llie  Cliinrli  at  IMiilud.  Ipliiu  ueie  iin- 
liiinu'  :nid  j.'eMeioiis;  an  I  alllionudi  Ids  eiidi-avois.  Ilk.-  ^M 
ni:r.iy  ..ilieiH.  proved  miavailiim,  nooneeoiild  have  «tniKKl'''l 
more  than  he  did  lo  a<'hieve  siiceess. 

ThiiHwy  Hi«»  flmt  hU  zeal  was  not  ronlliied  to  his  i,\\n 
(liowse.  In  I'oinpliaiM'e  with  the  Invitations  ol'  the  IdMliops 
n;i{l  priests  of  other  Stat'-s.  tills  ••xtiaoidiiiai  v  man  o||.  n 
XV,  iif  to  herald  the  tniihs  of  the  CatlKdle  Chnirh.  or  |..  ap 
peal  ill  hehtiir  of  the  poor  and  alllhted,  in  his  own  inalehle>M 
Htyle.  We  learn  that  In  the  siimnier  of  is:i(i  he  hM-tiii.  \  in 
Ci'nelnnali;  and,  as  a  writer  of  the  time  ^ays,  -n  new  im- 
i)iilsewas;;iven  to  the  eiicpiiry  for  reliudoiis  truth  by  a  course 
of  leotiires  preaehed  in  the  (;ineiniiati  Cathedral  by  the  il  . 
Insti ions  John  Kii-land.  Hishop  of  Chailestoti." 

Diiiin-j:  one  of  his  visitations,  Dr.  Kn^iiaiid  had  been 
obliged  with  the  loan  of  a  Protestant  .hiireh  for  tli<' pnr- 
poseof  delivering  a  <'nlirse..r  lec'tnreson  theCalllolie  leliu'. 
Ion.    On  Saturday  eveuln<,'  the  regular  pastor  came  to  him 

to  "ask  a  favor." 

"  I  am  sure,"  said  the  Hishop,  *'  you  would  not  ask  what 

I  would  not  ri'adily  grant."  ^ 

"Ocoiipy  my  pulpit,  then,  to-morrow!"  rontinm-d  tliP 
minister.  "  I  have  been  .so  nimdi  engrosse<l  by  your  lectured 
through  the  week  that  I  have  utterly  forgotten  my  own  i)as. 
toral  charge,  and  I  am  unprepared  with  a  sermon." 

"1  shouhl  be  most  happy  to  oblige  you,"  returned  the 
prelate  ;  ''but  are  you  awaro  that  we  can  have  no  partner- 
ships'" 

- 1  have  thought  of  all  that."  replied  the  minister   *'  llegu- 

late  everything  as  you  think  proper."  ,,.,,» 

''  At  least,  I  ran  promise  you,"  said  Pr.  England,  that 
nothing  shall  be  said  or  done  wliicli  you  or  any  of  y^^ur 
congregation  will  disapprove." 


HOi 


WK  nniur  itF!v.  mns  F.ynuyp.  n,n. 


(hi  ()ii>  ii)(»rr<iu'  tlu*  )i<ivt*l  M|ii>('t!ii'l)>  wum  mm'Ii  «if  a  ('iil)inl!<t 
l»lHhi>i»,  iimiyi'il  III  III"*  uidliciiy  t'lthrnitiil  \t"«tiiri*,  iiilviiinlii!,' 
In  lli«'  piilpil  tif  this  IMuli'-iliihl  niiiirii'jjriilloii.  Ih-  invllitl 
llit'Hi  to  hIii^;  Miiiif  li>  Mills  Im>  lia<l  |ir«'vlnMsly  Ht'l«'t'ti'«l  finiii 
tllosM  till')'  Wfl'i'  lin'tlsluiiUMl  to  lls(v  lie  lltt'll  I't'iltl  tollii- 
tlu'lll  from  till'  huiiiiy  tiaiiMlntloii  nf  the  llil»l«',  r«M'lt»'tl  up 

Iiro[»iliit«' |»i'iiyi'is.     siich  US  all  mulil  I'l ly  join  In.     linin  n 

ratlmlh- pra.M'i' III)  lU,  pii-acluMl  tiaiii  a  sniiiul.  s.  tisili|»' ilin- 
coiirsi-.  anil  ilismisi.'il  tlii>ai  uilli  a  liN'ssliiir.  Ami  lliaf  <ui|. 
Kr»';<atlini  wi'iit  aw.iy,  wnnili'ihin  If  hiu'Ii  rniiUl  Ih«  tluMloi*- 
trlnn  iiikI  tin*  wurMliip  wliirli  tlipy  had  .so  dfifii  luaal 
d"Mnnni'i'iI  as  "the  ihu-trino  of  di'vils," 

It  was  till'  •Mi'^toinnl'  Bishop  Kn^laiid  to  wmr  IiIh  ordlnniy 
••plscopal  roht'M  ■  !*oiifiinH,  lotchi't,  iind  >*hoi't  pniph'  <!ipi' 
\vht'inn»'r  li»'  was  pfearliin^,  \vh»'th«'i'  in  a  piilili<*coiiit  hoiis»» 
or  In  a  Pinirsfunt  rhnrch.  MaiiN  o|'  ihi-si.  hiiitT  lniililinux 
l)Min,i;{  III  his  linii' rathi-r  piiiiiitivi' stiuctiiirs.  and  airordiii^:; 
litrli'  an'oinniodatioii  for  rohln^,  ho  was  friMpH'iitly  com- 
pi'lli'd  to  pi'il'orm  IiIm  t'ccU'slasti<'al  hdlct  hrhind  tlu'  pul- 
pit. This  happi'tird  on  one  occasion,  whi'ii  his  faiiic  was 
at  its  hi'i;4lil,  and  pcoph'  of  cmtv  ci-ccd,  !is  well  as  class 
and  condition,  nishcd  to  lii-ar  tin'  famous  preacher, 
()n»'  of  tln»  rolx's  »vorn  by  ii  bishop,  tlio  rotchct,  Is  ii  kind 
of  surplice.  MMially  made  of  mnslin  or  line  linen,  and 
trimmed  with  lace.  Dr.  Kn^dand  remained  some  tina* 
hidden  from  the  view  of  the  audience,  probably  en^'a^ed  in 
prayer;  and  the  expectation  was  somewhat  increased  in 
conseiinelice. 

At  lenj;th.  one,  more  impatient  (•!•  more  curious  than  tliH 
rest,  ventured  on  a  iteep,  and  saw  the  IMshop  in  his  rotchet, 
and  before  he  had  time  to  put  on  his  caiie  ;  and,  rather  for- 
getting the  cliaracter  of  tlio  place,  and  the  nature  of  tliH 
oc<'asion,  he  cried  out.  in  a  voice  that  ran^'  throughout  the 
buihling— "  l^oys  I  the  T.ishop's  stripped  to  his  shirt  1  lie's 
in  earnest,  I  tell  you  ;  and  darn  ine,  if  he  ain't  going  to  give 
us  hell  this  time."  The  Bishop,  who,  Trishman-like,  dearly 
loved  a  joke,  and  who  freipiently  told  the  story,  ever  with 
unabated   relish,    mounted   the   steps  of    the  pulpit,   and 


of  tl  CiillioHd 
iiv,  jnhuiuliiw 

.  tir  lllVit.Ml 
Ht'|»'('lf«l  I'lnlll 
'It    I't'lld  to  lit)' 

lt»,  r»'<'lt»'d  up 
ill  in.     t'inin  II 

.    Nt  ll-Hiltll'  tlis- 

Villi  that  roll- 
il  !>••  tlitf  «loi'- 

)    (iflcll      l|l'Ul*il 

r  IiIh  ordiimiy 
|»iii|>l»'  ni|i»»— 

i('C(»illll|()IIS«» 
IttT    IplliiflillUH 

iiihl  ;iir<ir(liii>; 
'(|iH'iilly  com- 
liiiid  tli«>  piil- 
lii'<  fiiiiit'  wiis 

well  lis  rlasH 
Ills  piviiclicr. 
Ii(>t,  JH  a  kinit 
le  liiu'n,  ami 
I  Mtnu'  tlnic 
ily  nipi^iMl  ill 

incivuHt'd   111 

iolIM    tllllll    tllH 

ill  ills  r(it<'li*'f, 
rid,  ratlicr  for- 
uatiiro  of  tliH 
iroii^lioiu  tht'i 
is  shirt  I  Iio'm 
t  goiiiji;  to  tfive 
in-liko,  drarly 
)iy,  ever  witli 
3  pulpit,   and 


rnr.  tumn  in:v  JOiis  h'.yafwn  i>  n 


(wm 


luoU.d  Ilium  hh  Hii.li.'ii..'  ii->  ndiiily  aii.l  with  m  Kitivi-  » 
rumii.'iiiUMM  iiM  If  lli.-«'  MiuiiKM  w.MdH  IumI  ih'V.'I'  mu-lM-d  lil« 

»Mr«*.  ,       ,  , 

Dr.  l';iigland'«»K«'in'roii^  li.un  loiiiid  lit  rlMM'f»|ovi'tl  )K.piilfl- 

lion  of  Ills  dloc'^f  ohJMCH  of  IdH  ir»<KV  pat.-nuil  ♦'wnMiiid  t»'ti 
iliw^f  N"ll<'IH»d.'.  To  JMMiiM't  fli-in  .lii.HyIn  i.lat!..ii  to 
lli..;i-  111  .t:d  and  i»'lliiloiM  diitit"«  mid  .il.llmiiioii-*.  \\i\s  ii 
r IV. .lit.'  \ua\<  ..r  lii^  /•'»!  Kiid  rJiariiN,  IH^  .'^Mi  >'ii«^  "» 
S.iii.laysat  tli«^  CaflM'.Jia)  wnn  olV-nd  ni.  I'.-i-  lli»iii.  mid  (In* 
lioiiHi'of  (J.mI,  (III  mi'\\  ♦n<'as|..iiH,  wiiN  nwiv.'.!  I'<.r  tli.  Ir 
t'Xt'lllslVH  iirrcmilioil'illoll. 

II..  inHlni<t.'.l  tii-in  liims.-lf  at  Mass  from  tin-  «min'  pnl|.if 
wlii.li  was  mad.'  faiiKHis  l.y  his  •'l.iqm'iif.'.  H*'  al)* .  hud  ii 
vi'sptT  sml..^  f.ir  tli''ii'  l'«*ii.-llt.  S»  woiidrilitl.  in  fniili. 
\sv\v  thi-  uo.mI  .'ir.'cts  of  Ids  nihilstry  uiihiiuM   lli.  m.  .  v 

, iailv  In  pp.niotinir  ilM.i»roiisci..|iti..iis  ivpnd  lor  duly  an-l 

ll,l,.lily   iu    lla-ir  I uliiir  posllioiiM.  that  iimiiy  rrotostant 

planters  d.'clar.'d  tli.'ir  vNillinuiM-^'H  to  ^iv.'  Iiini  .'\.  ry  fai-llity 
in  nilaist.'nii«  in  p.-rs-.n.  ..r  l.y  liin  .-l.'iKy.  on  tli.'ii  plantii- 
l|..ns,  to  til.'  .'Xfliision  of  all  oiIi.t  iniiiist.'rM. 

It  \vaM.  Ii(.\v.'\.'r,  wh.'fi  CliiiiN'^tcn  was  sroin^ti'd  l»y  disras.. 
that  ih.-Vliaritv  I'lid  luiolsn.  of  tli»'  Hishop  wi'iv  put  to  tli- 
N'st,  "Wli.'iMhat  Iriiilitfiil  s.'.MirK'.',"  writes  W.  (i.  U.a.l. 
'-thH  y.'llow  f.'V.'i-,  .l.'s..lal.'.l  Cliailf'ston,  h»^  was  cycr  at  liis 
Most  Tliis  is  noiliinj;  ii.'w  or  siraiiK<'  »'•  those  who  kii.;w  tim 
(■ath.dic  priesthood  Hut  wh.'U  the  Protestants  of  Cliaih's- 
ton  saw  this  jipostolh'  iiian  liiiivyinu'  under  the  tiery  n..ons 
of  \iirrMsr  nud  S..plenil.er.  or  nie  d.'odly  midiii^lK  <iew.  to 
assist  and  e.nvsol..  the  victim  of  th.-  plague,  usually  of  the 
Imnil.lest  and  the  i>oorest,  they  r.mld  not  but  fxelnitn.  in 
tiie  slnceriry  of  tli.'ir  w.m.h'C  ami  admiiatioh:  This  is 
Christ  ion  rhnrili,!  . 

"A  near  relative  of  mine,  speakiup  of  ^mn  tome,  said: 
'  I  ni.'t  him  on.'  forenoon,  v.liile  th.'  f.-verwas  at  the  lil^lust, 
bnishin-  al.mfr  thvou.sch,  perhaps,  Mm  hottest  street  in  the 
city  Wh.'U  I  tell  von  he  was  bla/.iufi,  T  d..  not  ex!i -ire rate 
-he  was  literally  blax.imr !  The  tin'  sparkh-d  from  his  ehe.'ks, 
and  Unshed  fr.)in  his  eye» !     I  «liook  hands  with  liini,  aud  as 


804 


Tin:  luaiir  rev.  joiix  Ksnr..\yn,  n.n. 


wo  parted,  T  tli(»u^lit:  t.»  iiiysi'lf,  my  dear  fellow,  you  will 
soon  liuve  eii(»;i^li  of  this  !' 

"nut  his  work  was  not  yrt  done.  X«»:  S-.'ason  after 
season,  amid  vice,  squalidity,  ami  wretchedness  where  in- 
temperance. ])efhaps,  kei)t  maudlin  watch  by  the  dyinj?  and 
the  dea<l ;  while  the  sob  of  sorrow  was  broken  by  the  shriek 
of  destitution  and  th-spair -there  still  stood  l'>isho|)  Kniiland, 
the  )»riest.  the  father,  and  the  friend— to  assure  tlie  ix-iiitrnt 
—•to  alarm  thesinner— to  pity  and  to  sxuror— h<tj)/t':cf /('!/'/ i a 
and  (Kjtti II— wwio  his  jioly  function,  //,•  Uml frhjhtful  hhu-k 
Tinnit  -\\w  direct  symptoni  of  the  malady  1" 

Too  so(m,  alas  !  was  the  lifeoi'  the  .ureat  heroic  Bishop  to 
coint^  r(»  a  clos^'.  lleturning  fn.m  Europe  in  a  ship  amoi),i;-st 
wh(»se  steeriiire  passengers  malignant  dysentery  broke  out, 
this  noble  Christian  minisl.'i-  hdxn-ed  incessantly  in  the  ser- 
vice of  the  sick.  He  was  at  once  pri(>st,  doctor,  an<I  nurse, 
and  durint!;  the  voyage  he  scarcely  evcx-  slept  in  iiis  cabin; 
an  occasioiial  doze  'o\\  a  sofa  was  all  that  his  zeal  and  human- 
ity would  allow  him  to  enjoy. 

'Exhausted  in  mind  and  body,  and  with  the  seeds  of  the 
fatal  disease  in  his  c(msiitufion.  Dr.  England  landed  in 
Phihuh'lphia;  but  instead  (»f  betaking  himself  to  his  bed, 
and  placing  himself  nnder  the  care  of  a  physician,he  preached, 
and  lectured,and  transacted  an  amount  of  business  snited  only 
to  the  most  robnst  health. 

In  Baltimore  he   stayed  four  days,  and  preached  five 

time-t. 

"  When  he  arrived  here,"  says  Mr.  Bead,  "  his  throat  was 
raw  with  continued  exertion.  I  discovered  the  insidious 
disease  that  was  sapping  his  strength.  I  saw  his  constitution 
breaking  n]).  He  was  warned,  with  the  solicitude  of  the 
tenderest  affection,  against  continuing  these  destructive 
efforts.  The  woather  was  dreadful.  But  he  felt  it  his  duty 
to  go  on.  He  said  only, '  I  hope  I  shall  not  drop  at  the  altar 
—if  T  do,  bring  me  home.'  He  wished  to  do  the  work  he  was 
sent  to  perform. 

"Exhatisted  by  fatigue,  overwhelmed  with  visitors,  he 
was  yet  ready  at  the  last  moment  to  give  an  audience  to  a 


)\v,  vol  I  will 

'■'ason  after 
■)  Avlicic  in- 
e  (lyin<;  and 
y  the  sliiick 
i)|)  Kiiiiliind, 

tlic  iK'llitcllt 

ihlfid  hhiek 

ic  Bislio])  to 
hip  amongst 
r  broke  out, 
\'  ill  the  ser- 
',  and  nurse, 
u  his  caltin ; 
unci  human- 
seeds  of  the 
d  lan<k'd  in 
f  to  his  bed, 
lie  preached. 
3  suited  only 

reached  five 

is  throat  was 
he  insidious 
constitution 
itude  of  tlie 
destructive 
t  it  his  duty 
)  at  the  altar 
work  he  was 

visitors,  he 
udience  to  a 


: 


THE  liiauT  ni:v.  JOIIS  E.\(1/.A.MK  i>.i>. 


m 


stran.u'er  who  l»e;j:<>;ed  atlndssii.n  foi' the  solution  of  a  sin.ule 
doul)t;  and  never  did  I  listen  to  so  piccise.  so  clear,  so  con-^ 
vincinuan  exposition  (*f  the  transiihstantialed  ja-esunce  of 
our  Redeemer  in  the  Holy  Kiicharist.  His  auditor  was  a 
person  of  intelli,i>'en<'e  and  candor,  and  the  Hishop  exhausted, 
for  his  instruction,  the  resources  of  philosophical  objection 
to  the  sacred  tenet;  to  show  how  futile  are  the  cavils  of  nuili 
in  ojiposition  to  the  explicit  declaration  (»f  God." 

His  death  was  worthy  of  his  ^-rand  lif(\  Nothin.u  could 
be  nu)re  in  keeping  with  the  character  of  tlu'  Cinistiau 
IMshoj*.  The  dyin-'  vvords  (»f  this  peat  prelate  of  the  Amer- 
iean  Church,  uvldressed  to  his  clergy,  who  were  kneeling 
round  his  bed,  were  noble  and  impressive,  full  of  paternal 
solicitude  f(,r  his  Hock,  and  the  most  comph-te  resignation  to 
the  will  of  his  Divine  Master,  lie  humbly  solicited  the 
forgiveness  of  his  clergy,  for  whatever  might  at  the  time 
have  seemed  harsh  or  oppn^ssive  in  his  conduct ;  but  he 
truly  declared,  that  he  had  acted  from  a  sense  of  duty,  and 
in  the  manner  best  adapted  to  the  end  he  had  in  view— their 

good. 

''I  confess,"  said  the  dying  prelate,  'Mt  has  likewise 
happened,  owing  partly  to  the  perplexities  of  my  position, 
and  chielly  to  my  own  impetuosity,  that  my  demeanor  has 
not  always  been  as  n^pek  and  courteous  as  it  ever  should 
have  been;  and  that  you  have  experienced  rebuffs,  when 
you  might  have  anticipated  hindness.  Forgive  me!  Tell 
my  people  that  I  love  them-  tell  them  how  much  I  regret 
that  circumstances  have  kept  us  at  a  disti.nce  from  each 
other.  :My  duties  and  my  difficidties  have  prevented  me 
from  cultivating  and  strengthening  those  private  ties  which 
ought  to  bind  us  together  ;  your  functions  require  a  closer 
and  more  constant  intercourse  with  them.  Be  with  them— 
be  of  them- win  them  to  God.  Guide,  govern,  and  instruct 
them,  that  you  may  do  it  with  j(»y,  and  not  with  grief." 

In  this,  his  last  address,  he  did  not  forget  his  infant  insti- 
tutions, which  were  never  so  dear  to  his  paternal  heart  as  at 
that  moment,  when  lie  appealed  to  his  weeping  clergy  in  their 
behalf  ;  and  to  the  Sisters,  who  afterwards  knelt  by  his  bed- 


80(3 


THE  RinilT  liEV.  JOirX  EXOLAyD,  D.D. 


side,  he  bequeathed  lessons  of  wisdom  and  <'ouroge.  Almost 
his  last  words  were  :  ''  I  had  hoped  to  rise— but  1  bow  to  the 
will  f)f  (Joil.  and  a('ce]tt  what  lie  ai)])oints."  He  cahuly  ex- 
l)ired  on  the  llfh  of  April,  JS42. 

J^isliop  Ktif^land  wasa  fearless  man.  He  quailed  neither 
before  deadly  jjestilenee,  the  bloody  hand  of  Ihe  assassin, 
or  the  blind  i)assions  of  the  rablile.  When  the  anti-Calholic 
si)ii'it  seized  on  tlu^  nioh  of  Charleston,  and  they  thieatmcd 
to  bum  the  convent,  a  <;allant  band  of  Irishmen  rallied  to 
its  defense;  and  Di',  Enj^land  hin"self  cooly  and  earefnlly 
examined  the  Hints  of  their  rifles,  to  he  satisfied  that  tin  ]*o 
woidd  'm?  no  missing  lire— no  failures  of  swift  andsuniniaiy 
justice.  Ibit  thejji'eparation  was  enough.  It  was  a  lesson 
the  rufllans  never  foigot. 

He  has  been  justly  styled  "the  author  of  our  P]'o\inc:al 
Councils."  His  far-reaching  intellect  saw  th«^  impejfect 
oiganizati<m  of  the  American  Churdi — its  bisho]is  far  a])ar(, 
and  battling  with  poverty  and  countless  diincnlties.  He. 
wrote  to  hi.s  brother  prelates,  uiging  w\wxi  them  the  neces- 
sity of  assembling  and  taking  counsel  for  united  action,  lie 
lived  to  see  this  cherished  desire  of  hjs  heart  acconqilishcd, 
and  his  solid  and  brilliant  nnnd  shed  Its  rays  of  light  and 
wisdom  on  the  first  Councils  of  Baltimore. 

x\s  a  bishop  of  vast  mental  cai)acity.  as  a  profound  scliu],ii', 
eloquent  preacher,  and  powerful  wiiter,  the  Catholic  (linrcli 
of  America  has  not  seen  the  suiK'iior  of  Dr.  England.  His 
influence,  when  he  could  gain  a  candid  heading,  was  sim])ly 
irresistible,  and  many  who  heard  the  snrpp  ing  thrill  of  his 
eloquence  came  at  cmce  to  profess  the  ancient  Faith.  His 
controversial  writings  and  sermons  are  masterpiece.^.  Tlieij- 
style  has  been  likened,  by  one  who  often  lieard  (hem. 'Mo  a 
straight  bar  of  polished  steel,  connecting  his  conclusion.s 
with  his  premises,  with  the  light  of  Heaven  blazing  and 
flashinu'  about  it." 


D.D. 

xirng*'.    Almost 

l)iit  1  b(i\v  to  th« 

He  calmly  cx- 

qtmiU'd  jicillior 
of  I  he  iissassin, 
Ik'  iiiiti-Catliolir 
tlicy  tlucatnit'd 
sIiuk'H  i-alll('(l  to 
ly  and  caicl'iilly 
islicd  that  tin  ]*o 
ft  aJHlsiiiiiniary 
It  was  a  k'Hson 

'  our  ProAJnrral 

■  tli*^  impcift'ct 
.sho]is  far  apart, 
difiictiltics.  He. 
tlnMii  tlui  m'cts- 
litod  actioji.  Tlti 
t  ac<"on)]i]islir(l, 
ays  of  light  and 

rofound.schol.ii', 
Catholic  ('lunch 

England.  His 
ing,  was  sini])ly 

nig  thrill  of  his 
mt  Faith.  His 
erpie(r.si.  Their 
?ard  t)ieni,"to  u 

liis  conHusion.s 
I'en  blazing  and 


lili 


i«i 


MO^T  REV.  JOHM  HUGHES,  D.  D. 


FIRBt   ARCHBISHOP  Ol-    NEW   VORK, 


tl-  i 


i  1 


Tlin  MOST  Kl'V.  JOHN  lIlT.Iir.S,  D.l)., 

riHsT  AiuiiniJ^iioi'  OF  Ni:\v  voiu;.' 


I'lIAPTERl. 

A    YOlNd    CATIK'I.K'    IIKKO. 

lilrth—Varerds—Edncallun—Kneil'nm  hdilnd  a  liny- 
rivli—Ein'xjraliH  lo  the  Unilrd  i<((di:s—Tlie  fulnrc- 
Arclhhhup  toiliiKj  as  o  (huf-hihonr—IIix  volhuv.  c(ti(ct' 
—  Is  orddiiiitl ~  llix  hdnns  in  Uuf  rincyard  of  the  Lord 
—Hi,< patriolisiii  The  llunhcx  and  [irerh'nrhhjc  con- 
fjor('fS'//—Aii  ant'vdole  uboiU  the  appohdiacnt  Lo  Urn  see. 
of  Cinvinnidi. 

"The  mysterious  liniid  wliirh  governs  the  universe,"  snys 
the  i)rof(Mm<l  i?)!ihnt's.  "seems  to  liold  !in  extraoidinnry  num 
in  reserve  for  every  ,urejit  erisis  of  society."  It  is  in  tliis 
light  tluit  we  view  Arehlnslioi)  Hughes  jind  his  illustrious 

career. 

John  Tlnghes  was  horn  at  Annaloghnn.  near  the  market- 
town  of  A^tiglier,  County  Tyrone.  Irehnid,  on  the  L>4th  of 
Jntie,  1707.  His  parents,  Patrick  Hughes  and  ^largaret 
McKenna.  were  in  comfortable  circumstances,  but  especially 
respected  for  their  virtm  and  intellig^Mice.  His  father  was 
better  educated  than  most  ukmi  of  his  class  :  while  his  nK)ther 
was  remarkable  for  a  refinement  of  character  far  beyond 


•  Clilcf  nntlioritlr."  \wi\ :  Ila-sanl,  "  Life  n'  Arrhbi-bop  niii;hc-  :"  Cliirk.-.  "  Live-  of  tl..'  I).-- 
mwA  Hi^llOI.H  (.r  til.'  Cntliolir  Climrb  in  tlu-  Vmu-i\  ^U\U-^  ;•  l!i>>l.>y.  -  "'^""■>'  "f  tbr  Caiholic 
Cburcb  OM  tb..  Mamlof  Nrw  V..ik  ;"  Mnuniro. 'Tbc  Iri>b  in  AnuTic.i  ;"  SpaUlin-.  "  Mi^nl- 
hiMca:"  'Works-' of  Arcbbi.-bop  Unylus  ;  •■  A  I'opular  History  of  Ibe  Cntbolic  Cburob  in  tbu 
L'liiU'd  Statt'g."  GO? 


.:'W^- 


9m 


rii!-:  MOST  iiKV.  jorrx  iiuniiKs,  d.ii 


lu  f  ])oslti*)n  aiiil  oppoitunitit'M.  .lolin  wns  early  sent  U\ 
fM'hroI,  iicitr  liis  native  i)la«'t',  witli  a  view  to  liis  i-ntt'iiii^  tlio 
luiostliood.  Ilt'ic  lit'  was  well  giumided  in  the  Ku^lish 
hranclii'H,  bur  had  ni»t  the  advaiita,!i;.M»r  the  ancient  classics. 

A  iwersH  ol"  I'ortnne  conqielled  liis  I'atlier,  lelnctantly,  to 
withdraw  the  youth  I'loni  school,  and  set  liini  to  work  with 
his  ItiiOthers  on  one  of  the  farms,  of  which  he  conductecl 
two.  In  the  midst  of  his  labors,  .lolin  fondiv  and  carnesilv 
tiioiijuht  of  his  tiiie  vocation,  "^lany  ji  time,"  In-  aftcr- 
waids  told  a  friend,  "have!  thrown  down  luy  rake  in  the 
juea(hnv,  atid  kneeling'  behind  a  hayrick,  bejro<.d  of  (lod  and 
the  Bless-'l  Viri,dn  to  let  me  becouM'  a  priest." 

He  hu  reased  his  oi)i)ortiinities  {ov  study  by  reviewin*,'  at 
ni<i:ht  all  that  lio  had  learned  at  school.  The  persecutions 
which  Catholics  then  snfTered  in  Treland  were  kei^nly  fell  by 
Mr.  Hughes  and  his  family,  and  by  none  more  than  by  the 
ardent  John,  who  was  op<'n  in  his  expressions  of  dis^nst, 
and  indi.u'uatioM.  lie  Avarmly  seccmded  his  father's  incliua- 
ti(m  to  eniiuiate  to  .\merica. 

In  1810.  Mr,  Iliighes,  senior,  landed  in  America,  and  set- 
tled at  (jhambersbarg,  Pa.,  and  there  John,  then  in  his 
twentieth  yeai-,  soon  joined  him,  and  the  rest  of  the  family' 
followed  the  year  after. 

The  future  archbishop  first  found  employment  with  a 
pirdener  and  nurseryman  oii  the  eastern  shore  of  Maryland, 
and  afterwards  worked  successively  at  Chambersbur^^  and 
Emmittsbur<?,  turning  his  hand  to  any  lumest  labor  that 
presented  itself.  At  one  time,  he  toiled  as  a  day  laborer  on 
a  little  stone  brid«;e  over  a  small  stream  on  the  road  that 
leads  from  Emmittsburg  to  Taneytown. 

But  he  never  lost  sight  of  his  vocation  for  the  jtriesthood, 
and  his  object  in  going  to  Emmittsburg  was  to  be  on  the  watch 
for  an  opp(>rtunity  to  enter  the  College  of  Mount  St.  Mary, 
then  little  more  than  a  rude  academy,  nnder  the  rhaige  of 
Hev.  Fathers  Dubois  and  Jirute,  afterwards  Bishops  of  New 
York  and  A'incennes.     Several  refusals  and  disappointments 


«  The  Huglics  fumily  consiifted  of  two  sons  and  two  diuightcre. 


I 


Till':  .i/">/'  II f-^'  'i^^t^'  iii'^'iit:^.  i>i>- 


800 


-•arly  sont  to 
<  I'titt'iiii^  tli(» 
tilt'  Ku,i;lish 
'icnt  clasj^ics. 
^luctnntly,  to 
to  wiirk  Avitli 
ic  coiKliictcd 
11(1  cjiriii'stly 
e,"  lie  aftt'i- 
•  rake  in  the 
\  of  (»od  and 

rt'vi»>win(?  at 
pt'i'sccutions 

t'pnly  fell  by 
than  by  the 

s  of  disgust. 
Iier's  iiicliua- 

ira,  and  scf- 

tlion  in  his 

I  the  family' 

nent  with  n 
)f  ^faryland, 
ersbur^  and 
t  labor  that 
y  laborer  on 
e  road  tliat 

'  i>riesthood, 
on  tlie  watch 
It  St.  Mary, 
le  rhai<re  of 
liops  of  New 
ppointnients 


b;it  strm^thciu'd  the  yonn,t;inJiir.sadminibU'resnlnii(Hi.  At 
Irauth.  in  the  I'al!  of  ISl'.),  Ik-  was  taken  into  th.-  colle-iv.  on 
(■(imlitj.m  oi"  snperintnidin^'  th.'  jiarden  in  ivinrn  I'or  his 
board,  lo(lKint%and  private  inslnietion.  Whih'  his  ^anh-n 
duties  were  faith  fully  discharged,  he  employed  his  hours  of 
study  to  tlie  best  advantaj;e. 

In  IS->(),  beinj;  in  iiis  twenty-third  y«'ai'.  Mr.  IIu<rhes  was 
received  as  a  ref,nilar  student  of  the  coll.--;*'.     lie  was  iintir- 
in.-    in    his  appli<'ation.'     With  Kieat    sticcess   he    i.assed 
tluomi'h  the  routine  of  teacher,  at  the  same  time  that  he 
rapidly  acquired  Latin,  (Jre.'k,  and  mathematics.     TIk.ii^Ii 
h('b.;cam(^  prolicie*^it  in  these,  they  were  m'\erhis  fav(,iite 
studies-  he  viewed  them  simply  as  the  means  lo  an  end,     It 
was  in  the  con-enial  ivulms  of  theology,  philosophy,  lo^ic, 
and  history,  that  his  soul  seemed  to  exp:u.<l.     He  also  oc 
casionallv  preached,  and  wrote  poetry,     ll  is  said,  however, 
that  his  iirst  sermon  gave  nn«ch  brighter  pron.ise  of  a  Inttire 
divine,  than  his  maiden  verses  gave  of  a  future  poet.    I  nder 
the  learm-d  and  saintly  Brute,  who  c.mfinued  his  ..iVcction- 
ate  counsellor  throughout  life,  Mr.  Hughes  made  rapitl  pro- 
gress in  learuin;?  and  solid  virtue. 

In  the  fall  of  \i^^2f^,  he  was  elevated  to  the  priesthood  by 
Bishop  Conwell,  in  ^i-  Jt>seph*H  Cl»ur<-h,  Philadelphia.  For 
several  years  he  labored  zealously  on  various  missions, 
chietlv  iii  the  country.  His  great  pi  udence  enabled  him  to 
iivoi(r.-etting  mixed  up  with  the  lamentable  dilliculties  ot 
the  times  He  soon  learned  theevil  eifecrs  of  lay  trusteeism, 
and  the  lessons  thus  early  impressed  on  his  mind,  gave  lum 
that  knowledge  and  .experience  which  afterwards  led  him  to 
purge  the  system  in  the  diocese  of  New  \ork. 

Fnther  Ilu'dies  soon  became  eminent  as  a  pulpit  orator. 
There  was  a  sometliing-a  magnetism  about  the  noble-looking 


i,„..„..c.,„„i  ..Norti-.n.  that  u.r..  t    M  •« ■       '      ;  ",^  .„^,  „,..,,,;„„,.  „„„  „,  „r„   ..mtrov.T.y 

;r:::.::;^:7K::;r;;::r;;;:>ri:;:" .:::.;-:  -•  c c.,,.,. ... .........  .,„. 

indieutidiix  of  his  Mttire  {jwatiiess  mill  cnpadty.-C/dKt. 


^ 


HIO 


WK  MOST  liEV.  JOHN  IIVCIIKS.  D.D. 


.voiiii;;' Idit'st,  iinil  his  .h»)  il-sHmii^' «lis<'(iiirs»'s,  tli;il  ;ilfriU't)'<l 
I'rowds  <o  lu'iii"  liim.'  nisliop  Coiiwrll' was  ilrli^litcd  wirli 
liiiii.  Tli»*  ii^«'(l  i>ri'la(t>  Wdiild  riv(iii('ii(ly  siiy:  '"  Wo'll 
iiiakt'  liiiii  ii  l»isli(ip  suiii.Mliiy."  lit'  was  also  noted  asat'oii- 
trovcisalisl.  In  IHJlt,  lie  I'nnndf.l  SI.  .lolin's  ()ri>lian  Asy- 
lum, and  alioni  (his  tinif  lif  st-cnis  to  Inve  l»vn  un<»IIifially 
jnopost'dat  WuiMc  as  nishniM.r  I'hiladfphiii ;  hut  tlh- choice 
It'll  on  \h'.  Kt-niicU.  TIm'  cnianciitalion  ol"  ihc  Catholics  of 
livland,  in  I8il», was  haih'd  with  joy  by  Ihousands  in  .\n.('ii«'a, 

but  hy  none h  than  by  tin-  Hcv.  Mr.  llnj-ln-s.    Through 

llfo  ho  was  di'votcdiy  attached  to  his  native  isle,  whose 
wrongs  h''  saw  and  deeply  felt  in  his  youth.  He  was  an 
enthusiastic  adndrer  of  |)aniel  O'Connell. 

The  following  extract  from  a  private  ItUter  gives  us  an  in- 
.sight  into  one  of  the  secrets  of  that  success  which  ujipeared 
to  follow  the  future  Archbisliop  of  New  York,  like  his 
sliadow.  It  was  addressed  to  the  newly-a|)pointed  Uishop 
Ivemick,  by  Ids  i)npil.  young  M.  .1  Spalding,'  then  on  his 
way  to  the  Propaganthi,  and  is  dated  May.  IKiO:  "  1  hav(^ 
had  the  good  fortune  t.>  meet  with  Hev.  Mr.  Hughes.  I 
liande<l  him  your  letter,  to  which  I  \\m  indebted  for  the  kind 
manner  in  which  he  received  nie.  He  is  a  gentleman  of  the 
■most  polite  and  engaging  mannei-.s,  bh'uding  tin*  audablo 
modesty  and  reserve  of  the  piiest  with  the  easy  deportment 
of  the  man  of  the  world.  He  has,  I  think,  a  bright  future 
before  him," 

In  183-2,  the  celebrated  Iluylu's  and  Brrrkcnridtf  t'contro- 
versy  occurred.  The  llev,  John  Hreckenridge  was  a  Pres- 
byterian  ndnister,  and  the  ablest  champion  of  his  sect  in 
tliis  country.  Through  the  columns  of  Tlie  Vltrisliaii  Ad- 
vocate, he  made  a  .series  of  b(»ld  attack.s  on  the  ('atholi<' 
Chui'ch,  and  even  challenged  lU'iesfs  or  bishops  to  meet  hiui 
'*on  the  whole  held  of  controversy  between  Koman  (.'atho- 
llc8  and  Prote.stants."     For  a  time  no  attention  was  paid 

'  Till'  pulpit-  of  \\\v  oloiinciil  or.itor.'.  Dr  niirlcy  iiml  Kallior  H:iri)lil,  wvtu  (U'sitU'J  by  liiin- 
drcdv  wlio  Willi  ti>  liiar  Mr.  Uiigl.iH.-^,V«/'i<. 

1  or  I'liiliiili'lphhi. 

3  Aflt  iwiinl-  ArililiWiop  of  nitltlroorc  ;  see  liln  '•  Life"  liy  lii'<  emini'ut  lit'pbt'W,  Rislil  Ri'V.  J. 
L.  hi>aldiiig,  Bishop  of  IVona. 


n.D. 

s.  tliiii  ;iirriu'f<'(l 
(l('li;j;lilt'(l  wirli 
■  Hi\y.  ••\V.'"I1 
)  notrd  nsjicdii- 
iH  Orpliiiii  Asy- 
)(>('Ti  uiKtIIirially 
;  hut  tlh'  clioici' 
the  CatlKtlics  of 
iiids  ill  .\ii.ci'i<'ii, 
i^Ih's.  Tliroii^'li 
ive  isle,  wliDSc 
til.     Ill-  was  ail 

•  ^ivos  us  an  in- 
wliicli  apiii-arrd 

VoiU,  liU<'  liix 
)])t)iiit<>(l  l>isli(i)) 
iij,%'  tlit'ii  oil  liis 
,  18:i():  "1  liiiv(« 
y\\'.  lliiiilics,  I 
)lt'<l  for  ilic  kind 
yntlt'iiiuu  of  tlio 
w^  the  aiiiiuhU! 
'asy  (l('|tortni('iit 

a  hriiiht  future 

h'nridf/  ^rotitro- 
ul^e  Avas  a  Prrs- 
11  of  his  sect  in 
f  Chrisliaii  Ad- 
on  the  (hitholic 
lojjs  to  meet  liiin 
11  Koaian  (.'atho- 
niium  was  pai<l 

III,  ntTc  (U'siTti'd  by  liiin- 
n'ut  ni'pbfw,  Right  Rev.  J. 


i! 


Tin:  >/">•■/  /•'/••I'  •"''i-'^  nranrs,  an. 


h\l 


t(.  Mr.  ■RiecUenihl^iv's  tauuliii-  rhallm^e  ;  hut,  on  «  ceitiilii 
lilvsMllU-oceaMsloll.  ..ne  of  Falh.T  Ilu-lirV  (.\VU  tloek  yU'i\<A''*\ 
himself  that  /n's  pastoi  would  meet  llie  great  il.anii.ioii  of 
(.r  the  lltd'oiniaiiuu. 

The  gentleman  inrormed  the /eahais  yotiti^'  ]iri«'st  ol  hin 
itromlse.  '' St'iirr  i/on  i>  I'f  iil>i>ii  iii<\''  was  the  lej.ly.  "' / 
iri//  no/  /olh/uur'  And  ho  <lid  no!  fail.  Miiiisier  Ih.rUen- 
rid.ne,  we  believe,  li.'ver  ehalleliued  aiiotllt  I'  Catliolie  jM iest. 
Thi'  event  gave  Father  llughes  an  eiiviaMe  fame.  it  al 
once  placed  him  in  tlio  front  rank,  as  a  man  of  hoM,  sharp, 
aii.l  powerful  int.'lleet.  ami  unsurpassed  skill  in  de(hit<'. 

Tn  every  sul.se.pu'iit  elVort  (.f  his  life,  he  sustained  his  pre- 

..mim'Ut  reputation.     I'.ut  in  thls-as,  iiah-ed.  in  all  his  oth.T 

nrntroversies-he  was  acting  on  thedefeiisive.  and  was  drawn 

into  these  .-outests,  bv  the  unprovoked  allacks  which  il  was 

too  much  the  custom  of  th.'  ami  ('atlu.lic  bigots  of  that  .lay 

to  mike  against   the  Cliurcli.     When  once  en.bark.'d  inHie 

discusshm,  howev.'r,   he  did   la.t  remain  on  the  delensiv,.  ; 

but,  likeana'.h.gen.-ial,  le' avaih'd  hini^.-lf  of  every  poini 

,.r  weakness  in  his  adversaries,  and  of  every  advantage  which 

h..  .rained  over  them,  to  carry  war  into  the  (.m-my's  country. 

That   these  malignant  ami  uncliri.stian  assaults  u].on   the 

Catholic  r<>liu-ion   have,  in  a  givat   measure,  ceased  in  our 

dav  is  chiellvowin-  to  the  bold  resistance,  and  Lh<'  trumpli- 

ant  louic,  learning,  and  el.upienceof  thos."  I  wo  heroic  men  and 

illustrious  defenders  .,.f  the  Faitli-.lohn  Knglaiid,  and  .lohu 

"iTwas  likewise  at  this  peri<.d  that  Fatlier  Hughes  estab- 
lished, and  for  a  time  edited  the  r.////..//c  IfmrUi,  and  built 
St  .Tolins  Church,  then  the  favorite,  and  by  far  tlw'  »>">;t 
elegant  Catholic  place  of  wor.ship  in  the  city  <.f  PluhuU'l- 

^*  FatV..'r  llu-die.s  was  suffgested  for  tlie  vacant  bislu.pric  of 
Cincinnati,  in  18;?:?,  and  it  was  only  by  a  curious  misunder- 
standing at  Rome  that  lie  was  not  appointed. 

As  suitable  candi.hUes  for  this  see,  the  Hev.  Mes.srs. 
Hu'dies  and  Furcell  w.-re  n(.mimited  on  tin-  same  list.  So 
etiiuil  were  their  claims,  that  the  auihorities  at  Rome  were  at 


Bl'i 


TiiK  vnsr  Av;r,  joir.v  nniUF.s,  n  n. 


i 


n  loss  t(.  <l.'cl<l.'  !!*«  ff>  wllir||*sli(.ul.l  Iff  iil-pulllNMl.  Tli<-  <  .'I,.. 
I.iiilr.l  Hisliop  Knulim.l  vais  Hi.ti-  rli.'ii.  TIm'  I'nrtliiinl  IMv- 
f..(t  of  111.'  |»r.»i»iiiiiiii.lii,  ni«'<'flii);  liim  <'ii.'  .l:iy.  msU<mI  him  if 
luTimM  iiuMitloii  isonii- iiarUniliir.  ImwfVfr  iiiHiit^'.  tn  tmii 

th.'  scal.'s  ill   favnfur  •»i;i ■  tl iIh'I'  iiomiiH*'.     Al'l.r  ii 

i,i..m.'iit'H  lliuii-lil,  Dr.  Kn^^litii.l  ivplU-d :  -Tlictv'M  oiio 
).niiif,  ynm-  KmiiM-iKv.     Mr.   Ilii^ilu's  is  .inpluUinill.v  n  srll*- 

iiiiiili'  iiimi,  nii<l.  |H'ili!ii.N.  on  that  at mit,  int.iv  acrri-faltlo  h» 

til.'  pcopU'  ol"  a  Wcsh-rii  tlioc.sc  iliaii  Mr.  I'liicfll." 
•  All!"  said  tlif  Cardinal,  •"  I  lliink  that  will  do." 

Meeting  Dr.  KiiKliind  tli«  w\t  day,  In-  .'<aid:  '•  WVIl, 
llisho^i.  the  (|U('stioii  is  scltlt'd.  As  soon  as  I  told  llic  Car- 
din  ils  wliat  y<»ii  saiilal)ont  .1/y.  I'l/nrf/ ' nWuv/.  n  s.-lf  iniidij 

man,  tln'V  iinaninatnsly  airr I  niioii  liini,  and  tlif  iiomiiiii« 

tion  will  lit  oiK't'  1h>  nr«'s.'nt<'d  tf»  His  llolincssfor  n(.proval.*" 

*'  I  wnsalnmt  to  explain  tlif  mistake,"  said  Hisliop  KtiK- 
laiid  al'lerwanls  ton  ni.'iid,  "  l.ut  I  ivllrct...!  that  it  uasini 
d.mlu  the  \\(»ik  of  tli«'  spirit  of  <;od.  and  was  sil.-nt."  An- 
other Held  was  thus  reserved  for  father  llnudies  a  Held  in 
every  way  nun*'  suited  to  his  ability  and  chnractei'. 


)  h 


t«'il.  Tl»f  •■♦•li». 
>  t'nrdiiiiil  I'iM. 
y.  !iMU«'(i  liiiii  if 
ii'i!liiij.'.  to  turn 
liiup.     Allff  II 

hulic'iillv  ii  sfll'- 

re  MiTflitiililc  t<» 

Mr.     I'liKvll." 

I  (In." 

wild:  -W.H, 
T  toltl  llir  Ciil- 
'iti;r  a  si'll"  iii:i<l(< 
tid  tilt*  iioiiiiiiii' 
<  (or  n(ipi'ovnl.*' 
id  liislKiji  Kn^'- 

lIlMt     if    WilM  IKt 

s  silfiii.'"  Aii- 
ltIm's    ii  lit'ld  ilk 

JUCtt'l*. 


(MI.VPTKH  II. 

Tm;    vol  NU  l)l'«l|n|' I  I     MU    \(M!K. 

Dr.  Ililipiis  Inruiiiifl  His/iuj»  i-f  .\HP  )i'r?,  Scrflt  (tf  /h'm 
roitSK'itffiun  Shn-iiiff  liitus  hniftrUKlvrisiii  -liishmt 
lliitjhrs  stiih  fin'  F.Kinj)!  Hsfohllslniiml  of  i^l .  ./"////■' 
i'uih'ifi\  u(  h^itrtl/nnn  S/,itih  i,f'  Ih, mUnp'  [)h>t4')T/i  ' 
ptthfii'  Hclioitt  sjl.sltni  Hill  III  i,f  liishiifi  lliitjIuH  Ills 
ipU'dt  lltjilli  III'!'  nn  r  Ills Jliirl:. 

With  loiiK  exptiipiu'*',  viisf  /«'id.  mid  In  tin-  full  vip»r  r»f 
niiildiood,  l-'iillin-  lliiylics  was  wt-ll  pivpaivd  I'oi  tln'  work  «.f 
Ids  lir«'.  and  a  wide  lit-lil  was  i>'ady  U>v  lli»-  daiinlb'ss  loilci'. 
in  .laniiary,  is:w,  ho  was  coiiMj'ciatcd  niadjidor  to  Ids  old 
iiiastH",  IMshop  Dubois,  ol"  N.'w  York.  'Ha*  cen'moiiN  took 
plinv  ill  St.  Piitiick'sCatla'diak  N»'W  Vorkiity;  iiial  tiu-ini- 
lat'ssivc  scfii"  is  tlius  dt'scrilifd  l>y  illu^itiious  lips:  - 

"I  ri'na'iidu'r,"  said  Cardinal  Mrl'Ioskfy,  "  liow  all  (y«'-< 

were  lix»'d,  how  all  •'y^'.'<  wtMv  strained  to  m-t  a  ^liinjtsc  at 

the  m»wIy-('onst'cratc(l  Hishop;  and  astlicy  saw  lliat  dijini- 

ticd  andnianly  countt'iriiKv,  as  they  l.flaid  those  H-atuivs 

beaming' with  th.!  li;iht  of  intellect,  licariiiji' ui>on  them  the 

impress  of  that  force  of  character,  ^\•hich  pecidiarly  marked 

him  thronshout  his  life,  that  lirmness  of  lesolution,  that 

unalterable  and  unbcndin.i?  will,   and  yet  blending'  at  the 

same  time  that  <:;reat  beni.ynity  and  suavity  of  expression— 

when  they  nrarked  Miecpiiet  composure  and  self-possession  of 

every  look  and  every  sfstuie  of  his  whole  ^ait  and  demeanor 

-all  hearts  were  drawn  and  warmed  towards  him.     Kvery 

pulse  within  that  vast  assend)ly,  bothof  cler«iy  and  laity,  was 

(piickened  with  a  hi^'her  sense  of  couraj^'e  and  of   hope. 

Kvery  breast  was  filled  with  joy,  and,  as  it  were,  with  a  new 

and  younger  might."  . 

813 


II 

It 


HU 


TUK  yosr  UHV.  jous  nvoni^,  /*,/». 


IS 


M 


II 


t||l>  )Xiu,i\  u|<|    Mi^ll^|)    hllltois  UIH  Ntlii'lvi'll  uilll   |)!l  I'tll.N  •«i>«.  Iiriil 

llion>{li  Im'  piiriiills   i.tovi'IimI,  ho  iti'vi-i'  iifbuMiuU  tiH»k  ii 

Vl'I'y  IM'flvi*    |>!ll*t  ill  the   ll(rilll>*  nf   tllM   (llui'«'M».        'I'lH'    liUI'di'fl 

iliii^  ft'II  iiiMtii  yiMiii'.'1'r  M|i(iiil(|t'!N,' 

Tin*  liinis  wfi'i- «it<iiiii\.  ('iiHi<»!ii><  wfii-  -.ori'ly  In  n«'«'«l  «»f  u 
|i'!i(lin;f  iiiiiiil  a  tiiiiii  fo  hiiiil.'  I'm'  tliclr  i'IkIu**.  'Sn«'h 
II  iiiiiii  wiiH  nisliup  liii^iln'S,    lie  \\;iH(|niihiW-Hs  nil  lii^triini«*rU 

of  IliMVill,  liiiscd  |||i  I'lM'  till'  ;iO(M|  <.r  till-  Clllirrll  ill  AllMTica. 
Ill' ;:i;il»|»li''l  iit  uiiif  willi  tlicfvils  uliicii  hfsft  liis  didc^'s*'. 
Willi  Ufriaiit  jriiiHp  lie  inuillllfd  ilif  layfrii«*l»'»«  My,st«'ni ;"  otlu'i* 
idiHtai'lt'M  ami  al>UH«'«4  fmlfd  away  at  IiIh  tniicli,  tir  vviilu-n<l  at 
lil>  frown.  To  lii~<  |h'o|>1<'  he  was  a  lowi'rof  stri-n^Mli  ;  ami 
foi"  ilio  lliNt  tiimt,  ilh>  ('iiiliollc  Cliiircli  lit  N«'w  ^<»l•Usoon 
UhmiiiiiimI  ail  iiii|)osiiii;'  aH|M'f|. 

Wtf  ran  nu»rt'ly  ^laiuv  at  his  licii'iilt'iin  lalioris.  W«'  Iiiivh 
littlo  spa«'<'  for  (Ictaii.  Ami  yet  wi'  r;iiiiiot  imss  wiilioiif  a 
word  ill  r<',i,'ard  to  l;iytriHtt'''isin  In  its  Ifj^al  asix'i't.  'I'll*' 
)n'iirM'ioim  systrni  luid  ,m<.\\ n  ii|)  iimlt-r  tlit*  law  of  Ih'IM,' 
which  antli(tri/,t'd  tin'  main  im'iiihi'rs  of  full  )ip»,  in  iiiiy  coii- 
l,'i«'wation,  (ttlit'r  than  l''|'i>*<o|»id  and  Ud'oriiird  I'rofrsiaiit 
Piitrh  conui't'^atioiis,  to  i-lcct  from  tlirc*'  to  nine  (nistfcs,  to 
linld  the  titii',  and  maiiau'f  lln-  chiirrli  proiicity.  This  law 
did  i.tt  iHohiltit  (•<'('|('Niasii«  M  owniiijr,  as  individuals,  jiro- 
jK-rry  used  for  l)i\  iiif  service. 

Diiriiit''  the  wild  ascfmli'itcy.  howr'n-r.  of  Kiiownothin^dsm,' 
a  lau  was  passed  ilir(»ii;:li  the  Li';;islatiire  of  New  York,  by 
uldcli  it  was  provided  that  all  jtroperty  held  !ty  any  person 
ill  any  eccle.sitistical  odice  or  orders  should,  on  his  death, 
lecmie  vesied  ill  the  occupants  or  coti,irre;;ation  nsin;^;  it,  if 

1  Tin- Kllllltly  IIWl'ip  ItlllHli-  (llr.l  111   IMl-.', 

'Till'   fiilli)«Iiin  nil Icii  ■  lllii-ir,iir»  Mil-  (iil'tiu'tim*  t('nalli»  trt  wtiMi  Iii.v-trii»lifNm    cinild 

I'lirry  If"  hixilino'.  Ai  iiiiiiiilllti' nf  irii'-liixiiKi' wiillril  ii|hiii  ltMii>|i  Diilinl".  iinil  in  lirniN  of 
.•.•«|M'('t,  ciiriipii-lv  lii(iiii-l-iciit  Willi  till'  iiliji'it  iif  lluir  iiii—inii.  iIhj  Inrnriiicil  liim  linii  tlu'V 
niitlil  nut  iiiii<i'ii'iitiiiii<l.v  Mill'  lillil  lii'vnliiry.  lililr>i<  llr  niiiiiiiiiil  wilii  lluir  uMii'».  iinil.  mi  the 
ITdli'-liiiit  iiriii(i|i)i'.  n.iM'  lliriii  i-iirlicliwyiilrii  iwwci'c  iici  iptaliii'  til  llinii !  Iliil  liny  litllf  knew 
llic  -plrit  111'  llii'  :\'jyf\  |iri'l.'ili',  \>liii  wa-'  iml  iIk'  li'Mr-t  ili-iiiii\ii|  \,\  mkIi  cdul  |iii|ii'rlliii'iii  r. 

"  (iiiilli  nun,"  lie  ri'ivlii'il,  "villi  limy  viilc  iiif  ii  mlary  or  nut.  I  ni'iil  llitlc.  I  can  llvr  In  « 
l>:iMiiiiiitiir  11  Kirr'i;  Imi  vvlii'tlur  I  ouiiu' iiji  frniii  my  lia«i'tiu'iit,  or  Uo«ii  frum  my  jjurrct,  I 
Hliall  -till  111'  yii'ir  ll'i-lmii:" 

»1Ua1si'(1  btulutts  wf  Ni'w  Yurk,  COO,  .  ' 


r  hi   iiii^'Ik's, 

jttiiiiljth.  lunl 

ruiinls  iiNik  It 

Tli<'   Ituitlt'ii 

y  in  ru'«'<l  of  ii 

il^hlH.     Hiich 

nil  lll^trllnl<'^t 

rli  ill  America. 

•I    Ills     (iilM't'Sf. 

«y,Ht»'Mi ;'  «)th«'i* 
fir  wiilHTcil  af 
stivii^'lll  ;  ailtl 
I'VV    VolU  stinll 

\rH,  W'r  llMVM 
liiss  willudlt  It 
I  aspt'cr.  'I'll*' 
law  oi  I  HIM.' 
:i\  ill  nny  rdii- 
u'd  I'i'ot»'sfaiir 
lu'  rniHtt'i's,  l(t 
ity.  Tills  law 
lividiials,  jirci- 

iiwnotliiiiirlsni,' 
New  Vdik,  l»y 
!ty  smy  person 
on  iiis  (Icatli, 
ion  usjii^  it,  if 


I  Iiiy-triii'lcfNin  rniilil 
iilioU,  mill  ill  iirniN  nf 
nriii'iiii'il  liliii  tliiii  ilii'V 
rir  ul-llr«.  mill.  1)1!  Illf 
I,'  lliil  liny  lilllf  kiii'W 
I  llllpi'l'llllrtli  I', 
Hull'.  I  C'ln  Mil'  III  It 
»ii  friim  my  yiirrfl.l 


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23  WEf.T  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER.  NY.  14560 

(716)  872-4503 


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Series. 


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Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Tin-:  }fosr  ni:v.  j(>n\  iik.ui.s.  d.d. 


S'li" 


ii! 


til  'V  weiv  incorixtrMtcd.  <>r  would  iucoi-pDrMtt'.  Jiiul  in  dcrinilt. 
in  'ihi'  i>(i>i>ii  »/  llic  '^hiti-  iiiKl  ii«'  «1'<'(1  of  iirniKity  in 
be  used  f<ir  Divine  woisliip  was  allowed  t(.  have  any  lejiiil 
I'ctree  or  validity,  nidess  made  t<t  a  corporation. 

Tiie  Catholics  of  New  YoiU  are  chielly  indebted  to  P;'. 
Unfiles,  and  to  liis  Kiidiience  Caidinal  McClo.skey  then 
IMshop  of  Albany  -for  the  more  just  and  ivaHniable  pro 
visions  of  the  pivseiit  law.  which,  in  j.ic.vidin^'  f(»i'  the  in- 
coii.nniticm  of  Catholic  t'hnirhes,  constitutes  the  bishoi.. 
vicar-<>enera.l,  pastor,  tiiiil  hcuhti/m-n  .sclcrlcd  hi/ tiitnt,  a 
the  trustees  of  the  church  property.' 

la  the  fall  of  KS'-JiK  l>i'-  Hn^ln'S  sailed  to  Knrope  for  the 
purpose  of  obtaining'  the  necessary  means  to  enable  him  to 
carry  out  his  plans  lor  the  j-ood  of  reli«-ion  and  education. 
It  was  his  tirst  visit  to  the  Old  World.     He  was  receiv.nl  by 
po].e,  andkin--',  and  peoph',  in  the  various  countrie.'.  throu.uh 
which  he  passed,  with  every  mark  of  respect  and  kindness. 
He  was  delijihted   with   Konie.    whei-e   he    spent    tlnve 
months,  and  received  valuable  presents  from  the  Soverei^-n 
Poutitr.     At  Vienna  he  obtained  a  liberal  donation  from  the 
Leopoldine   Society   in   aid   of    his    proposed   college    and 
seminarv.     While  at  Paris   he   s»-cured   th.'   services  of  a, 
11  umber* of  Ladies  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  to   found  a  school 
in   New   York  city.      He  also  visited    H'eland,  made   the 
personal    accpiaintance    of    Daniel    (r{\)nnell,    and    with 
warm,  sympathetic   heart,  he   beheUl  the   struggle  of    Ins 
countrvmen  for  their  rights  and  liberties.     After  an  ab- 
sence of  nine  months,  lie  reached  his  episcopal  city  in  the 
summer  of  1840.  * 

As  the  good,  untiring  friend  of  Catholic  education,  one  of 
Bishop  Hnghes'  first  steps,  after  his  return  from  Europe, 
was  the  establishment  of  St.  John's  College,  at  Fordhaui,  for 
which  object  he  purchased  the  beautiful  Rose  Hill  estate 
The  estate  cost  S3(),(HM),  and  the  expense  of  fitting  up  ihe 
buildings  for  the  reception  of  students  was  slO.OOO.  The 
institution,  thus  founded  by  an  illustrious  hand,  grew  and 


'  Clarke. 


81M 


riiK  }f')sr  nrn:  joiis  iirmny.  nn. 


1liiiirisli(Ml.  Mild  liiiH  .sine*'   Itccimi'  tin- lioiKtrod  Ahiia  Mafrr 
of  limidit  lis  (if  (JatliidicH,  liiv  and  cU'rical.' 


(*l.  .Iiilin'rt  Ciilliu'i'.  Korillmm,  NVw  Vork  rity.  In  flic  <>lil(>«t.iinil,  In  miin.v  ri'^iii'd*,  ihc  iiio.t 
fmiuiii!' (■iillinili'  Hi'iif  of  Ifiirulii;,'  III  tlif  Mlililh'  Sliili".  II  «M»  fiitiiidi'il  liy  .\rililil"liii|i  IIiil'Ii"< 
In  Isll  ,  iinil  wii'<  ii|ini(il  In  ilir  -iiimniT  nf  ihiil  >i';ir.  iiiitlir  tin'  (lirii'ilcin  cif  ihr  mi  iil.ir  c  lcrv!y. 

Al  Urol  It  UMH  iiiinii'il  "  Ko-f  Mill  ((iIIil'i'."  aftiT   tlic  iKiiiiliriil  I'lal wliiili  II  1^  liiilll. 

TIiIh  lll^litlllillll  \\i\'  I  iiiiiniltli'il  Ici  (lie  rhiir;.'!'  nf  llir  .lii-iiii  i'lilliir-  ill  l*iri ;  iiMil  In  ll!i> 
Hprlni,'  iif  Mil'  riilliiHliiLf  \c'ar  It  hii"  riil-i'il  hv  tlir  l.i'i,'l^l:ilnrr  to  tli"  rink  nf  a  iiiihrr>lty.  Il  liii'< 
wlllilli  \\*  L'Ifl  r.irli  iinil  I'viry  iinJMr-lly  ili'.'rc  r  Aincmu'  llir  pri-lilml"  of  Si,  .IuIhi'h  wtrr  the 
rdlliiwIiiL' ili-iliiu'iii'lK  il  nil  M  :  Ui-  KiiiIimih  r  Carillnal  MrCln-kcy.  tlic  llr-l  I'ri-liirnl  :  Ainliriwi' 
Maiialian.  Ill),  aullinr  of  ilir  " 'rrliini|ili  nf  Calliulli  ity  :"  tlii'  late  An  lil>Miii|i  llayii).  of 
llaillniiiri'  ;  and  llir  ilncinint  Kaiinr  luliii  l.ai'kin,  s  .1..  a  frllipH-iiiiIci,'  nf  WKiriiaii  ami  I, In. 
Itiiril.  anil  Ilic  pri'ii|itiir  of  iIh'  |in'-"'iil  linntirril  rri'-hlint.  Tlu' Irarin'il  nml  xciirialilc  l''allirr  A. 
.1.  'I'liiliMiiil.  S.  .1..  aiillior  nf  ■•  'I'liP  IrMi  Kaif."  ■■  (i<iilii;-ni."  ami  "  Tin  Clinn  li  ami  llir  (iiiitllc 
\Viii!il,"'Ha«  llu'  rl-«l  I'n'-lili'iit  of  llir  ruMiu'c  iiflir  it  |ia>-i'(l  intii'  llii'  liamU  nf  tlir  .li-iiil 
KalliiTN. 

Till' Ciilli'L''' |iii'"<i'«''i"' a  valiialili' lilirary  i)f  jii.Oiii)  viiliinii'«,  Inilmliii'.'  ii  laru'i'  iiiinili  r  nf  r.i'  ■ 
uiirk>i>ii  (irliiital  lIliTatini-;  a  Mry  inlfii-linL'  inii-i'iini.  «liirli.  ainiuiu'  nllirr  nilliTiiini-.  mi- 
liraiT^  II  niimTalii.'Iral  ralilnct  nf  almilt  'Jjiili)  ►priiiin'ii-  ;  a  Hillarnini-'i'il  ;;iiiliii,'lr:il  rnlliTllnii  nf 
n.illlll 'pcclimn-  :  ami  a  iianli'ii  ami  u'rii'ii  liiiii>i',  wlilrli  utTiiril  iiiaiiy  aihanlau'rH  In  tin  Imiaiilial 

Htlllll'llt. 

Tile  total  iiiiniliiT  nf  u'railiiali-  up  to  isr.'i.  wii-  .'IHI  .'liri  in  router,  ami  Hi'i  linmirafy.  (If  t'lr  !ll."i 
prailiiatCH  In  rniii>i'.  'JKI  follinv  profc-sloiial  rarriTH,  ami  !!•,'  cinlirari  ii  ilii'  rlrriral  -tali.  Ili-lmp 
KoHTrain-.  of  (■(ilnmlini'.  (Ihio,  i»a  irrailnali' nf  isir.    AnioiiL' tlm-r  hIio  n  ciImiI  ilir  lionmary 

ili'Lin f  1. 1.. I),  from  St.  .lohn'"  ('olli'i.'i' iiri>  (i.  A.  Itrown-on,  ilir  (li.ilnL'iil-hi'il  Catliolli' writrr 

anil  pliiloMiphiT :  K  H.  (('CallaL'lian,  M.  I),,  tlir  I'lnlmnt  lii«lorlaii  ;  (fi'ii.  Tlinma"  l-'ivimli 
Mi'iiuliir :  (on.  Mar'liiT.  M<. Malum  ;  lion,  hlilianl  (l'(;nrniaii  ;  II. m.  .Inhn  .M(  Kcnn  :  .smainr 
Fniiiii"  Kirnan  :  Jolin  .Savau'i'.  tlir  jiort;  ami  J.  (',.  shta.  tlir  liMnvian. 

Till'  iiia.iorlty  nf  tin' old  rliTiry  "f  tin'  .Xnlidioirsi-  of  Ni'W  York  wiro  C'liiratiil  al  SI.  .Inlin'i 
liy  ili;',li'«nil  Fathcf".  .Ainoni:  llif  prof"«-ors  at  tli.at  linir  wiTr  imii  of  morr  than  niaiki  d  r\iT|. 
Ii'iiir.  who  lanu'lil  lluMiloi.'y  from  llii'ir  o"  n  inaniiMript-'.  Knrrmn»tamoiiL'  tlinii  »a»  llii'liiniriili'il 
Katlirr  .Maldonado.  S..I..  I'.vUiitor  of  tin'  liiiviTi-ity  of  Salaimima.  Tlii»  prnrniind  -i  holar  dii'il 
MMiir  yrars  ai;n  at  Wooil-toik,  « Inn  on  tlir  rvr  of  rrtirliii;  fioin  lii>  nllirr  nf  prnfi-«or,  in  order 
to  drvi:  •  tlif  reniaindir  of  lii-  days  to  tin'  work  of  prcpnrin;;  lii"  niau'iiilliiiit  courM'  of  iliii)lni.'y 
for  lliL'  pri'sH. 

TIhtc  arc  many  intiTrstins  iti'in»  conmriiMl  with  tlir  liranllfiil  {.Tniinil"  nf  ilih  in^liiiitlnn. 
Till'  llronx  KIvit  1- historic.  Tlii' Coili'i;!'  intirinary  wa*  for  oni'  iilL'ht  tlir  Iniidiinartir-  of 
Wasliinuton.  The  itrand  old  ijiiarird  wlllnwtri'f  lirfnri'flii'  cniii'i.'r  cntranci'  Is  faninii-.  tradition 
ii-siTliii'.,' Il.at  llii' FalliiTof  his  Country  dnrini;  tlir  i:  v  liitionary  war,  tinl  hi- lior-c  to  it.  In 
fact,  I;  l«  \"rilaliii'  '•  Criiti'iiiiial  "  L'roiiml.  Ttir  .-t.iti'iy  idin-  iindiT  w  liirli  llir  nnniial  roniim'iiri'- 
ini'iits  taki  plait'  are  nion-  than  a  ci'iitiiry  old.  They  art'  i..f-hools  from  tliu  t-talr  nf  Ilolyrood, 
iM'loiiilint;  to  till'  Scotli-li  family  of  tlir  Strrlini;s. 

Anions' till'  distiii'.'iii-lird  profr-snrs  at  St.  .Inlin's,  not  alrR'idy  nainrd,  wrrrKcv,  I..  .Innin.  S..I., 
an  rmiiii'iit  lini,'iiisi  anil  srinitisl,  and  aiitlinr  of  a  "  .Mrnlal  ami  .Moral  I'liiin-ipphy"  in  Latin  ; 
lirv.  .1.  'Moylan,  S..I..  rnnlri  rr-iai  irctnrrrat  tlir  (irsii,  Montrral  ;  I{rv.  .losrph  Slir.a.  S..1.,  I'm- 
fessorof  riiilosnphy  at  thrSl,  I'raiiris  Xavirr  rnlic^'r,  Nrw  Vork  ;  I{ii.'lil  Itrv.  K.  I'.  .MrKarland, 
lalr  Ili-hop  nf  llartfnrd  ;  and  KiL'lit  Krv.  l)r,  Cnnrny,  Itishnp  nf  Alliany.  Tlir  lact  tv\nwrro 
profi'ssors  in  thr  r.irly  days  of  thr  (dllrt'r. 

Whrii  thu  latr  civil  war  hrokr  out,  four  )irirsts,  at  thr  call  of  Arcliliislio|i  IIiiLdirs.  hft  SI. 
.lolin's  Collri.'r  to  srrvr  as  rri;inirntal  cliaplains.  Tliry  wrrr  lirv.  Fatlirrs  (I'lirilly.  Tissot, 
Otlillrt.aml  Nn«h.  and  tlioiisamlsnf  liravr  olHc-rrs  and  soldirrs,  vrtrrans  of  ihramiy,  will  rrrall 
llir  ilrvotrdiirss  and  lirroi-in  nf  tlirsr  .Irsiiit  Kathrrs. 

Till'  [''rsidrnt  nf  thr  Cnllri.'r,  Vrry  Hrv.  Kmirrirk  William  Onckrln.  S..I.,  a  vrnrrahir  man, 
nn  accninplisn''il  scholar,  and  an  rniinriit  educator,  was  horn  in  Catliolir  W'r-tplialia.  I'ms-in. 
lie  riilrrril  thr  Socirty  of  .Irsiis  in  his  twrntirlli  yrar.  and  imiiir  his  stiidirs  cliirlly  in  Canailu 
and  K.ancr.     Ordainud  in  the  lattrr  coiiiHry,  he  retiirm  d   to  the  Viiited  .Slate.-,  and  for  iiiaiiy 


D. 


I  Ahfifl  Mdfrr 


my  ri'^iii'd*.  ihi'  im>«t 
y  .\rililil«liii|i  IIipliIm"* 
cif  Ihr  M'liil.'ir  clrr;;y, 
lllrll  ll  in  Ixilll. 
r>  ill  IHr> ;  mill  In  llin 
r  II  uiiiwr-lly,  ll  liii« 
if  SI  >l()liii'»  wirr  the 
I'n-iihnl  ;  Aiiilirii"i' 
rrl|l>i'-li<i|i  llaylr>,  iif 
<if  \\l«iiimii  itiiil  Mii- 

I  vciii'I'mIiIc  l-'allicr  A. 
Iiiin  h  mill  llii'  (iriilllc 

haiiiU   iif  llir  •loiilt 

l(iri;i'  iiiimli  r  iif  rir. 
"Ilirr  nilliTliiiii".  I'ln- 
riil(il,'lr:ll  I'lllliTlllUMlf 
lii|.'i'H  III  III!  Iiiilmilr.'il 

liiiiiiiniry.  Of  I'lr  Ml." 
Ii'rlr.'il  >liil>'.  Ill>liii|i 
■i  ci'iM'il  llir  liiiiiiil'iiry 
i»lll'il    Cilllliilli'  Wl'itiT 

irii.  'I'lidiua"  Krmii'U 
III  .M(  Ki'iiii  :  Si'imlnr 

•liK'iiiiil  111  SI.  .Iiihii'j 
rt'  ilimi  iiiiii'ki  ll  I'M'i'l- 
linii  »ii>  llii'Imiii'iili'il 
iriifiniiiil  ..rtidlar  illnl 
)f  imifi—iir,  ill  iirilcr 
III  ciMirM'  iif  lliriiliiL'y 

^<   of   llli'^    ill^lillllidll, 

lllr  lir.'liii|lllirtrr»  (if 

I'  is  fmniiii-,  iniililidii 

II  lii-  iiMi-c  t'i  ii.  In 
lir  niiliiiiil  (■iiinini'licc- 
.'  ('»Iiilr  <if  lliilyriiod, 

rUiV.  I..  .Idllill.  S..I., 
iil(i-o|iliy"  ill  |,aiiii ; 
sf|ili  Sinn.  S..I.,  I'rii- 
■■V.  K.l>.  Mcl'iirliiml, 
Till'  laxl  I  HI)  WITH 

ll(l))    lIllL'llCS,   li'fl     St. 

■r^  (I'lirilly.  Ti-'H)!, 
iliciiniiy,  Mill  reniU 

■I.,  11  voiiiTaMc  man, 
\\'i-l|ilrilia.  I'rii^'sin. 
':<  cliii'lly  ill  Caiiailii 
jtutvi',  unU  fur  many 


Tin-:  MOST  i!/:\\  ,hhl\  maiins,  nn 


HH 


Tlic  y<iir  ISH  \v!iH  iiiadf  fiinious  in  tin-  liistoiy  ol"  tin- 
(';itlii»li<'  Cliurcli  ill  N«'\v  V;»rk  by  tlin  iij,filiili(»ii  <»f  tl;(' 
**  School  tiii»^!sti(»n."  JIM  it  wns  called.  Tlic  ii^itiitioii  ^ivu- 
ilficc,  tiiiil  altiiicird  ilh'  iiUfiilioii  of  ill.'  niimtiy  ill  liir^iv. 

Tliti  systt'in  (»!'  »Mlii('iili<»ii  iiuaiiist  wliicli  tln'  ("iillioli«'s  pio 
tt'stt'd  wiis  iiKtrt^  than  insidiously  daiipToiis  -  it  was  actively 
ii'TirressivH  ;'  .iiid  n»»t  nier»']y  wtTothe  books  rrpU't*'  withMU'cr 
iiiiil  libel  afA'aiust  that  Cliiircli  which  all  sects  usually  deliulil 
ill  iissailini;.  but  the  teacheis.  by  Iheii-explaiiatioiis,  iiiii»arled 
new  i"(»ice  lo  the  lie,  and  additional  authority  to tliecaliiiniiy. 
Kesiu'ctl'iil  reiiioiistiaiice.s  were  met  either  witli  calm  disre- 
gar(l  (H'  insolent  rt'biilF. 

l'(»liticians  weresocoiilident  of  havin^Mhe  Irish  vote,  noiiiat- 
terln»uthey  themselves  acted,  that  they  siipitosed  they  might 
conliniiH  with  imiiunily  to  go  in  the  very  t<'etli  of  tiielr  sup- 
porters, and  systematically  resist  their  just  claims  tor  redross. 
Hilt  l*>ishi>p  Hughes  read  lliem  a  salutary  lesson,  the  moral  ol 
whicli  il  wasdiliicult  to  foigei.  With  matchless  al)ility  ho 
fought  the  (;ath<»lic  sidi'  in  the  Common  Councir  against  all 
<'oniers,  represHnting  every  hostile  interest;  and  when  jus- 
tice was  denied  there  and  in  the  liCgishiture,  he  resorted  toa 
course  of  policy  which  greally  disturbed  the  minds  of  the; 
limid,  and  the  sticklers  for  peace  at  any  itrict',  l>ut  wliich 
was  followed  by  instantaneous  success. 

Holding  his  Hock  well  in  hand,  addressing  them  constantly 
in  language  that,  while  it  cimvinceil  tlieir  judgment,  roused 


yiar<  lllli'il  Itn'  n-ipimsilili'  rliarai-  nf  prufi— or,  iirrfrct  nf  -tinlii^,  ami  v  c  -im  Miilnii  in  varimis 
ciilli'i.'iv'  iif  llH-  Sorirty.  lit'  wa"  clicli'il  111  lii-  iir.:-iiil  iMisiliiin  in  InM.  Tlniii.'li  Imt  a  .liiiil  of 
linniiiry  in  fxi-li-ncc.  si.  .liilinV  Ciillri.'i'  alrrady  wi'ars  liir  lionms  uf  ajjc.  Exin iitrinlmi.- 
Jli'lonjnf  Ihf  Vulliolh-  C/miv/i  in  the  li-ilnl  still'". 

'  I'ri'viouH  to  ISll  llioiMiI'lli-  liistnii'llon  Innl  l>i'<'n  in  tlic  tiiimN  of  ii  rlo<"«  niriioration,  nmliT 
till-  litlr  of  the  I'n'ilir  Silioid  SoriiMy,  wliich  ailmini-trri'il  ami  ili-'lriliiiii'il.  accoriliiii:  lo  its  own 
piuil  iilniHirr,  till-  fiinils  proviilni  for  Itir  lity  forllif  imrpo-r  of  "iliiiation.  Tin'  liookM  nM'il  in 
tlii-i'  scliools  alioiimlnl  willi  tliv  ii-iml  sliTcotypcil  f;ilMlioiiil-  ai:aiii-l  lli<'  <'alliolir  ri'ii^'ioii,  nnil 
tlie  most  vi'Naliiiii!'  ami  r.pi'ii  sy-trm  of  prosolylisni  w.w  carrii'il  on  in  tlii-m.  Tin'  iTil  llnally  In  ■ 
rmiio  KO ^rn-at  that  no  nlliTnalivc  wa«  ii-fl  for  Callmlic  parnil-  Iml  cIIIhtIo  pri'vcnl  ilicir  cliililrcn 
fromatlrmliimlliPHi'lioiilsal  nil,  or  torausiMin  untiriMlianKi'  in  llii'  sy-tmi:  iimlir  lli«'  ailviro 
tiiiil  iiclhr  l.ad.Tshili  of  itii-  lli>tiop,  a  «ys|rnialic  altiiniH  was  inailr  to  call  Ilic  altiiilioii  of  the 
conininnity  ami  piililic  antliorilics  to  the  siilij.cl,  ami  aft.r  a  wwre  conti'st  It  resnltiil  In  thu 
cstalilislimcnt  of  tin-  present  common  wliool  systi  m.  — Ai/y/iy. 

A  i;nat  evil  was  llins  reiliici'd  to  oui'  of  h'sser  dimensions. 

'  A'-'aiiist  such  men  us  IVjv.  Drs.  Bja;!,  Sprln;,',  uud  many  others,  full  of  clo<iucnce  und  rcOiicd 
muliyuity. 


i^'* 


m, 


818 


rut.  ViST  ni:\:  -loiis  irraffE'.^.  n  p. 


iho'w  p'liL-iniiH  ciitluisiasm,  1i»'  ikIvIhimI  flicm  tu  ilisn-^'iinl  nil 
iMihticiil  tifs.  iiiid  vol*'  only  for  tliosf  who  wHf  tlip  fiifiids 
of  tl:«'  ii»'\v  scIkhiI  HVHtHii,-- v.liirli,  if  may  Im-  ivtnaiUfd,  was 
])aj:aii  at  Im-sI,  ami  tin*  <»i»]»(tUfiitM  of  tlir  old  system.  \\  li'uli, 
a^wt  liavrsaid,  was  activi-ly  a^fiTf^^sivt'.  'Hio  HislK.p  lliiis 
l>iii  til*'  case  to  his  ll;»ck  : 

"The  (lut'stlon  tolM' drcidiMl  is  nut  flic  stiriiuih  of  paify. 
or  tlu»  «'mnliimi'iir  and  itatroiiayf  of  (.(lice.  l>iit  a  »|iit'stiMii 
between  the  lielpless  and  ill-nsed  cidldren,  and  the  IMiliJic 

School  Society \n  issne  is  made  nji iM'twH-u 

von  and  a  lar^M'  |)oiti()n  of  the  commuidly  oti  tiie  one  .side, 
and  the  monopoly  which  instils  the  danp-roiis  iirincijiles  t.. 
which  I  have  hefore  allmle(l.  on  (he  oth.-r.  The  (piesiiou 
liesbelween  the  two  parties,  and  yell  are  the  judues  ;  if  voll 
desert  thecanse.  what  can  yon  expect  fr<»m  striin^'eis;  .  .  . 
1  have  l)een  ^iven  to  tindeistaiid  that  three  ont  of  fonr  can- 
didates presented  to  yoiir  snlnap's  are  pledi^cd  to  oppose 
vonr  claims.  They  may,  perhaps,  tiinmpli:  ii!itallla>k  1-, 
that  they  shall  not  triiimiih  by  the  sinful  aid  of  any  individ- 
ual who 'cherishes  a  feeling  in  common  with  those  children, 
1  wish  yon,  therefore,  to  look  well  to  yonr  candidates  :  and 
if  thevare  disposed  to  make  Intidels  or  Piotestanls  vi  your 
children,  ht  theni  receive  no  vote  of  yours." 

The  advice  thus  ojiven  to  them  by  their  Bishop  was  as  ron- 
sistent  with  common  sense  as  with  decent  jaide.  I'nt  soiik- 
thincr  more  was  recpiired  to  be  done,  and  that  was  done. 
With  a  few  exceptions,  the  candidates  (d'  all  ] •allies  in  the 
field  were  i)led,ffMl  to  o))]>ose  the  claims  of  the  Catliolics. 
.\n  independent  ticket  f<)r  m(Mid)ers  of  the  Senate  and 
Assend>ly  was  therefore  sn^'fjested  and  ])roposed.  and  this 
was  adopted  at  a  nieetin;i;  in  Carroll  Ibdl,  with  an  en- 
thnsiasm  which  was  owinj?  even  more  to  the  pluck  than  to 
the  appeals  of  the  T5is1iop 

llavinfT.  hy  a  s])eech  of  sin^ul:;r  iiower.  put  the  wholA 
case  before  his  immense  audicnec,  he  worked  \\\vm  up  (o  a 
state  of  extraordinary  excitement,  Avitli  the  true  Demosthenic 
art,  pi:tting  to  them  a  series  oi'  stinging  queries,  touclnr.g, 
as  it  were,  the  very  life  of  their  honor.     "Will  you  stand 


Ill 


nn. 

to  ilisrt';;:ir<l  nl! 
VHiH'  tliH  I'lit'iwls 
\'  iv!ii!irkt'il,  wiiH 
I  system.  \\  li'u'li, 
I'Ir"  Hislioi.  llniH 

i»>iii;lli  of  party, 

.  lull  :i  (|iH'stion 

•.mil  tilt'  I'lil'lic 

llildc  llplM'tWOI'JI 
oil   tlH'   <MH'  .nI'Ic, 

iiiH  ])iiiifi|ilt's  to 

Tllf    (picstioM 

(•  jiidiit's  ;  il"  you 
.strjiii.^cis;  .  ,  , 
out  of  four  can- 
cd^cd  to  oppose 
:  hut  all  1  a^k  i-, 
(l  of  auy  iu(li\  id 
I  Hiosf  (ddldrt'ii, 
caudidatt's  ;  and 
oit'stauls  t>f  your 

isliop  was  as  ron- 
ridc,  I'ut  souir- 
l  tliat  was  douc. 
all  ]»arli<>s  in  tlic 
if  tlic  Catliolics. 
the  Si'uato  and 
■o]iosed,  and  this 
all.  with  an  cn- 
lio  pluck  than  to 

!•.  put  liic  wliolA 
krd  them  up  (o  a 
tru(»T)(Miiosthenio 
queries,  touchir.ir, 
"AVill  you  stand 


7///;  M(»T  lillV.  •ions  }H(i'.lh>.  D.I*. 


811) 


l.v  the  riyhts  of  your  oll'spriii;:,  who  liuve  so  l(»ii,ir  MifTeied 
under  tluMtperati^u  of  ilii>  injurious  system  T"  "Will  you 
:,dli..r.'  to  the  nominaiions  madei"  "  Will  you  l»e  unile.l  ;' 
••  Will  none  of  you  shrink  r'  ^ 

And  he  eonrlmh'd  :  ••  1  ask.  then,  once  ftu'  all.  will  this 
me('tlii«  plcdjr*' Its  Inmor.  as  the  re|iresenlative  of  that  op- 
pressed portion  of  tin-  c<.mmunity  for  whom  1  have  so  often 

l.leaded,    here   as   elsewhere      will    it    J.ledoe    its    holior.    that 

it  will  stand  l»y  these  candidates,  whose  names  have  heeii 
read,  and  that  Ho  man  composing  this  vast  audience  will 
over  vote  for  any  o.ie  pledged  lo  oi-pose  our  just  claims,  and 
incontiovertil)le  riulits  r 

•ri„.   promise,    made   with  a    .lisplay   ..f    feelin-  almost 
amountinsxto  fren/y.  was  fully  re.h'enied  ;  and -J.-JOd  votes 
recorded  for  the  candidates  nominated  only  I'mir  days  lie- 
fure  ccmvinced  the  [.olilicaiis,  whose  promis.-s  hiih.'rto  had 
iMvn.  as  the  lVish..p   said,  as  larp-  •"as  tludr  performances 
ha.l  i.een  lean,"    that  there  was  danger  in  the  ('atholi<'s-- 
Ihat.  in  fact,  they  were  m.  lon-er  t(.  l.e  played  with  or  <les- 
pis-Jl.     Notwlthstandinu-  the  pled-ies  to  the  <(.nlrary.   the 
new  svstem     that  td'  Ihe  c(unmon  schools  -was  carried  in 
llir  Assenil.lv  l.v  a   niaj(.rily(.r  sixty-live  to  sixteen:  and 
IlieSeiiah'.  a"ppi"<'l>'''>'li"^^  that  a  similar  attempt  would  he 
nia.le  at  an  approachinu'  eledic.n  f(.r  tlie  mayoralty.  :'s  that 
which  had  been  made  in  tin-  elections  of  candidates  for  Ihe 
Senate  and  the  Assembly,  passed  the  measure. 

Fiercelv  assailed  by  his  oppommts.  bitterly  denonm-ed  by 
:,1;,nned  and  indi-nant  politicans,  reviled  in  (ivery  ima.i'in- 
i^i.le  maimer  bv  nmtroversialists  (.f  the  pulpit  ami  thep'^ss, 
..veil  turn.Ml  ui>on  by  the  faint-hearted  of  his  own  commun- 
ion—that  dec(.rous  and  crin,<jin^'  class,  to  whom  anythiri,^ 
lik(>  vi--(.r,  or  a  departure  from  rii,n(l  rule,  is  sure  to  cause 
n  shmhh'r  of  the  nerves  the  P.ishop  of  Xew  York  became, 
.;t  once,  oiii"  of  the  best-abused,  as  well  as  one  of  the  iiK.st 
popular  men  of  the  day. 

llis  influence  ov*>r  the  Irish  portion  <.f  his  Ih.ck  was  un- 
bounded. This  flock  was  rapidly  increasing  thn.u-h  immi- 
gration, which  was  setting  strongly  in  from  the  old  oountry, 


POO 


Tin:  MttsT  iih'.v.  joiiy  ukuihs.  d.d. 


tlicii.  I'nr  Us  si/..',  oil.'  (.r  til."  iiinxt  |...|.iil(iiis  roiinfii«'s  (if 
Kunip.'.  IJ'ihIiui.  IIii^'Im's  was  JiihI  iIi.-  hi. hi  In  !i«M"in'  inllii- 
I'lKv  ov.-r  tin  Iiinli  coiimv^iiliuii.  Tliat  Ik-  liim^^-'ll'  wuh  ntt 
Iii>liiimii.  WHS.  ufciiiis.',  ii<»  liltlriii  liis  fnvor.  Mm  h>-  \\i\h 
vm\\u'i\t\y  .iuiilili<''l  to  Knitify  tli*-  |.ri<l.'  oC  a  |h>o|.I..  who 
foiiiiil  ill  li'nn  ii  rt'iiih-Hs.  a  pow.!  I'lil.  and  a  sufc'sslul  rliaiii- 
pioii  (.III-  wlio  wasafiaid  of  no  man,  and  who  was  ivady.  at 
ftiiy  inoiii.-iit,  not  (»nly  to  giai.i"l«'  willi  and  overthrow  tln'tiinst 
foiini(hil>h'  oppoiit'ii't.  but  to  onroinn.T  any  o»hls.  and  liuht 
iind.'i-  »'V('i*y  disadvantaiTf.  In  his  spt'ccli.'s  and  I<-il.'is' 
th.'  ivad.T  will  iM'hold  aluindanl  cvidfiin'  of  his  l...ldii.-ss 
in  attarU.  his  skill  in  di-f.-inv.  and  iiis  severity  in  d.alint,' 
with  an  t-nciny,  csiM-cially  one  to  whom  no  (inaifcr  should  lio 

givi'ii. 

When  th.' li.'roir  Hishop  stnirk.  it  was  witli  no  p-nllcor 
faltfiiimhaiid.  nor  was  his  weapon  a  lath  or  u  hliintt-d  sword. 
II.'  striifk  with  till"  sfivn^th  ."I"  a  ^iinU,  i>'»il  •'"'  w.'apon  h*t 
wield.'d  was  lirii-ht  and  tivnchant,  and  ii.'v.t  faih-.l  to  piciro 
tho  armour  of  his  clos.'srniail.Ml  fo.-.  Willi  the  aMf^t  and 
most  practised  writ. ts  of  tin'  pnlilic  press,  the  most  aceom- 
jtlished  advocates  of  the  liar,  tli.' subtlest  controversialists, 
liish.tp  IImhIi.'s  had  many  a  fair  tilt  in  the  face  of  an  appre- 
ciativ.'  public;  and  n(»ne  of  those  with  whom  he  was  com- 
jM'lled  to  com.'  int.)  conllict,  whether  with  t()ii;;iie  (.r  ]i.'n, 
speech  or  I. 'tier,  that  did  not  a.'kiiowledu-.'.  or  was  not 
olilijre.l  to  admit,  th.'  i)ower.if  his  mind,  th.'  fore.'  of  his 
reasonlnj>\  his  happiness  .»f  illustration,  and  liis  tliorou^^li 
mastery  <»f  the  Kn<,disli  lanunaffe. 

_    _       _        _     ,  I  ■■ 

>  Sec  UU  "  Work-,  '  •-'  \oU.^  cilited  i)y  LiiwrLiiCL-  Ki  Uol>. 


/>.  n. 

iiiH  roiintiI«'s  (»f 
to  ;i('i|iiitt'  iiillii- 
hiiii>«'ir  wiiH  iiii 
(ir.  Hill  In-  >viis 
if  a  iH'opIi'  w  liu 
;lic('t'ss|'iil  rli:ilil- 
lio  wiis  irady.  lit 
•  ■ItlirnW  tln'IilMNl 

(mMs,  iiml  liulit 

lies    iilld    Icllt-rs' 
dl'    his    l)u|illl.'S,H 

crity  ill  (Itnliiiiu; 
[iiaitrr  should  l)t) 

\\t\\  nil  p'liilt'  or 
II  lilniitfd  s\v(»rd. 

d   tilt'  \V<'!l|lllll     111' 

r  f:iilfd  ti>  iiiiTCf 
li  tln'  :d>li'st  iiiid 
tlif  most  iicfdiii- 
I'oiitrovci'sinlisls, 
race  of  an  appi'*'- 
diu  \u'  was  coiu- 
toii^iit'  or  ]M'ii, 
li;»',  or  was  not 
tilt'  fort't'  of  Ids 
rul  Ids  tlioroii^jh 


ciiArTKH  m. 

n.VTTMNti    WITH    KSt»WNtt|||IN(i|SM. 

J<'ri' litfs  hi  Pliihiihliiliiii  Siliniuilhi/  ill  .V'"'  )'">■/.•  T/k' 
Ciilliitliiti  Ih.  Iliufhis  oihI  Ihv  M<lll<ii-  Tin  /iis/iiijt's 
llHiiinl'tlhlf    hthr  f't    Mill/or     Hill  in  I       liiillHltSi'  thht  o/' 

till'  I'll ini'hr ft  Cinisn'riiliuii  of  lh\  MrChis/oi/  /h'n'n- 
ion  of  til <  (liurt'.s'i  i'lifltiilii'  clitr/iltiiiif  in  (In  aiiiiii— 
Tlif  !<i'<l''r>i  of  ('hoiifif  -  riKii'liliHi  hi/tnr  ('i>iii/n.sn~- 
Pioi/n-^s  III' Cat/io/ir  /'Jiliintfiitn     /'(thiol ism. 

Tlio  niiti-Cailiidic  spirit  wliiidi  a^itatfd  tlit iiiitry  from 

IKU  to  IHlt,  fiilmiiiaiftl  ill  makiim  IMiilaili'lpId-.  tlii'  ills- 
^nu't'fid  sct-m'  of  lit'l.  mol»-iiiIt'.  ami  fliiiirli  hiiniiiii:'. 
Hounded  on  by  llif  pulpit  yt'llin^rs  of  faiiatifal  ministi'is,  an 
army  of  niHians  did  tlif  work  of  tlfslnictioii,  wliilo  tlif  t-ily 
antlitiritifs  lookftl  on,  ami,  likf  Pontius  Pilatf,  qiiiftly 
washt'd  tlicir  hands  of  tin' wholf  aiVair !  At'i  o'tlock  i-.  M. 
f>ii  tht'  Sth  of  May,  IS44,  St.  Michat'I's  Chuirli  was  in  llaint's! 
At  4  o'flock  tlu'housf  (d'  thf  Sistt-rs  of  Cliaiity  was  con- 
siimt'd  !  At  six  tht-  samt*  •'Vfnin.u.  St.  A uj'U^^tii'f*'^  <'•""<•'' 
was  liivd,  and,  al<>n,;j;  with  tin-  rt'ctory,  burm-.l !  Tin'  piv- 
cioiis  library  td'  the  Auuustinians  was  pliimlfivd.  the  ixxdvs 
l)il.Ml  up,  aiid  coinmittt'd  to  thf  llanies '.  All  this  in  one 
aftt  rnooii  I 

''Xaiirittin,''  writo.s  th»>  l{»'v,  ^fr.  (Joodman,  an  Kpiscoital 
uiini.stor;  "has  not  existt-d  livf  month.s,  and  in  that  tiiiu^ 
what  has  nei'n  st^fn  ?  Two  Catlndif  fhnirht's  biirnt'il.  one 
twice  liivd  and  tlesecralt'tl,  a  Catlnilic  seminary  ami  retreat 
consunu-d  by  the  tori'h  (d'  an  incendiary  mob,  two  recttnics 
and  a  most  valuabln  library  th'stroyt'd.  forty  dwellings  in 
ruins,  about  forty  liiiman  lives  sacriticed,  and  sixty  td'  oiir 
I'ellow  citizens   wounded  ;   riot,  and  rebellion,  and  treason 

H21 


Il§  rin:  .msr  mv.  jous  itnnn.s.  n  n 

iimii«iiU  •'!»  twoMiruHloiiM  til  our  iiiltNr  ;  tin*  laws  ImMIy 
Ht't  III   «b'niiiu'«',  iiinl   iM'tHi'  ami  oViWv  i»n>«*tiutt'il  l»y  lulliuii 

vin|i>|(Ct«  I" 

KImnIk'iI    wiih   ilhir  imlioly  nimiiplis  (.f  fhmrh  Itiiinliij:, 

I'.mv.-m  wiv.Uiiiu:.  nml    I ><•  i.ill:i;:iiitf.  ii  i'l»'»wii   baiitl  (•; 

tilt'  IMiihil<-l|iliiii  liuH'iM  \v«'r«'  lo  I"'  \\<Iii.iihmI  v  Itli  a  itui'lif 
|H'iM'fssii>ri  Ity  llit'lr  smm|  nlliiwin  of  N<'\v    Voik;    I  lit  llu» 

Hfplll    JltlitlKli'    of    Ill.''('llllluli«s,    ulM-<tii>llt    In    llirvulci'    lllxl 

uin-'iial'l.' !<>  th.' aiilliniiiN  n|'  their  k''"'"  UMiop.  WUmaynl 
thtM>(»\vMnlly  portl.MM.r  ilM'ir  riM'iiiit's,  and  laiiulit  <v('ii  tlw 
b(»I(lt'st  tliat  (liscii'tion  was  ili.-  lu'tlci-  pnit  (if  viilnr. 

It  was  nut  tilt'  liist  tinit'  Hiiit  tin*  Ciitlinl'cs  ul'  N<'sv  Yoii; 
had  takt'M  a  linn  siiind  n^iuinsi  III"  frcfizy  <»f  tin-  "Nit- 
l»()|».'ry'*  faction.  Sliortly  at'tfi-  tli<*  hiirnliiK  <>f  the  (M.nvciil 
nl  Mostdii.  tlifiv  wan  an  attt'nii»t  ina«l«  to  dfstioy  St. 
l';ilii<-k's  CiUlirilral.  Hut  tlip  rhnrcli  w;is  put  in  a  siiit«>  of 
«li'l'iMici';  till' str.'i'ts  i.-adinu;  to  it  wfi"  loin  np.  ami  fvciy 
window  was  to  1)1' a  point  whence  missiles  coidd  he  thrown 
on  the  a  Ivancin.t,'  honh'  of  sacrileji;ions  wietches  ;  while  the 
wall  of  the  chiiichyanl.  rudely  constincted,  hiisth-d  with 
the  ninskets  of  those  ready  for  the  last  stnif,'j;le  for  the  altar 
of  their  (tod  and  the  graves  of  those  they  loved.  So  fearl'iil 
a  preparation,  unknown  to  th<*  enemies  of  ieli<iion.  canio 
upon  them  like  ti  thunderclap,  wheii  their  van  had  in-arly 

1 hed  the  street  leadin;;  to  the  Cutliedral ;  they  lied  in  all 

directions  in  dismay. 

A  nu'i'tin.n  of  the  "Xiitlvo  Ameri<'ans"  of  New  York  was 
railed  in  the  City  Hall  I'ark,  to  j,Mve  a  siiitaMe  i(cepti.;n  to 
their  l>retheru  from  Philadelphia.  The  time  for  action  had 
thus  arrived.  Hlshop  IIu;-hes  had  made  it  known  through 
the  columns  of  the  Freenuuis  Jonninl,  then  under  his  en- 
tire control,  that  tlio  scenes  of  l*!iiladelphia  should  not  Iv 
renewed  with  impunity  in  New  York;  and  he  Avas  known  to 
have  said  in  reply  to  a  jn-iest  who,  haviii";  escai)e(l  from 
IMiiladelDhia.  advised  liim  to  publish  an  address,  urpin^'  tho 
Catholics  to  keep  the  ])eact  — "  If  ii  sin<rlo  CathoUc  church 
were  l)urned  in  New  York,  ihe  city  would  become  a  second 
Moscow." 


n  n, 

tlii>   liiWH  hnMIy 
tiuti'il  1'}    nillltili 

t'huirlt  iMiniiiiL', 
cliospii   IuiikI  <•)' 

«>il  V  irli  II  |tiil)||r 
Vdik  ;    I  lit  tli»> 

rtr    tllf  Vuicr   iilid 

lislmp.  (Ihiimynl 

(1111^1"  ♦'\"'"  ''"' 
»f  viilor. 

cs  of  N«'sv  York 

:y   of   tln'    "Nil- 

i;^  of  tlu'  roiui'iil 

to    (li'sti'oy    S|. 

[lilt  ill  .'I  Htiit«>  <>r 

II  ii|>.  iiiiil  <'\t'ry 
(•(H'.M  !>•'  iliiHUii 
tflit's  ;  wlilli'  IIh' 
mI,  l)iistl.'(l  witli 
i<^^\f  f(H'  lli»'  iilliir 
iivt'tl.  So  fearful 
if  ivli<ii()ii,  I'liiuo 
!•  Villi  liM'l  iii'iirly 
;  tli<>y  licit  ill  all 

if  New  York  wns 
aM<'  H ctiititiii  to 
lU'  for  iictioii  liii<l 

known  tliion^h 
It'll  undt'i'  Ills  cii- 
liii  should  iini  1).' 
he  W!is  known  to 
in;^  oMCiipcd  from 
idrt'ss.  nr<;in;^  tlio 

Catholic  clniivh 
become  ii  second 


Tilt:  MOST  ii::y  nni.\  jiranns,  itn, 


H'i:t 


Tliero  was  no  mlHtakinu  hU  nplilt,  and  ihat  of  Inn  ILmK- 
rxrepiillH.  olc.uiHe,  the  ••  p.ud.  raUlloM- -.nl.  u  ho  "  .IN  the 
Hi>h..l.  wrote,  "iH'lleVe  III  stealiliK  thioiiKh  the  wolhl  llioir 
,uh,nh.lvely    than  .nltn  u   fLenian.'     'Hie  ehnnh-  ^^-y>^ 

unaided  I.V  U  M.tlielel.l   foH f  men.  iVM.lved  to  die  in  ihell 

dHellce.   iHit    also   iv.olved  to  l.iaU-  their  aHMailallt.   feel    the 

^Neiuhi,  of  th.lr  vengeance.     Ily  an  exlia  l^ne  ut  the  /./•rr. 
,«,,;i'*7/>////^'i/the  lli.hn,Mv,m.ed  the  hW.tokyei.away  from 

,,„         ,,n,    ,„.etili-s.  ..s,M.eially    , hat  In  he  laid  in  the    lalk 

,,,.  ;|„.„,,,ned  niMMi  ilie  Masor,'  ami  advined  him  to  prevent 

liie  proliOHed  di'liiniiHliiilion. 

..Areyoiiafrahl."  asked  li.e  Mayor,  ••that  s.m.e  of  yoiir 
rhiirclM'H  will  hi  iMiriied  '." 

...Nu    sir;  hnf    I   am  afrahl    that   soie //o/n.-*  will   In. 

J.nnied!     NV.'  <iiii   proieet   our  ..u»i.     I  <ome  io  warn  yon 

I't.r  voni'.iwn  piod." 

m'i,„  yon   think,  Mishop.  that   y,mr  people  woiil.l  ail.i.k 

the  piocesHion  ',"  , 

..',  ,,„  „„,  ,,„f   ,i„.  ,,,iive  Americans  want  to  provoke  u 

(•iiholie  riot,  ami   if  li.ey  can  do  it  in  m.nther  way.      he. 

li.ve  ,h,.v  w.mhl  m.t  sernpl.-  to  attack  the  piuee.^iu.     la  m- 

Hdves.  forthe.akenf  making  it  appear  that   the  (  alholics 

hatl  assaih'd  them."  ., 

"What,  then,  wiMild  yoiiliiive  me  <lo. 

.Mdii  m,t  come  t.Mell  you  what. o<|o  lam  nehnrrh. 
,,mn  md  the  Mavor  of  New  York;  Imt  if  were  the  Mayor, 
n  .'uM  examine". he  laus  <.f  the  State.  :.nd  see  i  there  were 
Lt  ;dtacla.d  to  ,laM-licc  force  a  hatteiy  <d  artillery,  aid  u 

;,l,„v  or  so  .>f  infantry,  ami  a  squadron  ol    -j--';;' 
think  i;iu,uldli,ul  that  there  were;  am    .ISO    Is^^^^^^^^^ 

,,„.,u  out.      Moreover.  I   slioidd   semi   to    Ml.    1  a.pn,  the 
M  vor-      -t,  w  ho  has  heen  chosen  by  the  votes  of  tins  party 
odd  remind  him.  that   these  men  are  h.s  supporters; 
sho  III  warn  him,  that  if  they  carry  <.ut  then-  (h-si^n,  the.e 
:Jnit:  n  r"t;  amU  slamld  u,,e  him  to  u..  ins  intl.tenc^^ 

l)reventln«  this  p.d.lic  n-ception  ol  the  deh-at.'S 
Theresas  m!  de.no.istration.     A.al  .y^  r.ffht-m.nded 

•  Robert  H.  Morrlii. 


Tiff:  U"W  /.7;i   ./o//\  tnh'/ffs.  n.o. 


«p 


Hifin.  j'Vt'ry  lovfiof  iwnif  in  ihodly,  imiNr  liiivf  nj»i»liiin|tM| 
llH'iunrsM  titUfit  l>y  hi'.  IhiKti*"*,  f<»  wIm'hi'  |ti'iii|i-iii  |lriniii"»s 
uiiH  nitiitily  iittiiliiiiiili|«>  tlif  riM't  tliiii  N«'\v  ^<l^kv^il•«  mwd 
tvttm  rint.  IiIimmUIiimI,  iiiiinlcr,  iiitl  niMillfp>,  iiml,  alHiv«>  nil, 

fintll   tlllll  ill-i'tulflll   fiM'lillu;  of  llllr||liH(iliri   llllfi*  llftVM'i'll    IIIIHI 

.itii|  riiiiii.  riti/i'ii  iiiii|  <'itl/,iMi,  ni'iu:lilMii' iiti'l  ii**li{lilHt|',  whirh 
><iitli  rolliNiutiM  ui'f  n-i ImIii  i'or  yniH  uUvv  to  li'uv«*  miikll.iK 
ill  tilt*  lU'MllHt  nf  II  (•(iliilnllllity. 

U'm  4'iimiur  |«iHH  fiiitlii>r,  liow»««»'r.  witlioiit  Nnyiiitrii  w»tnl 
III  I'fliitlMii  III  ilii>  iiiiiiil)  till)!  iiolilf,  Net  i«>iii|i<'nit<-  mill  ili^iii- 
lli'il  It'iti'i'  i>r  hi'.  IImuIii's  III  MtiNtti  ll!ii|ifr.  St'liloiii  liiis 
tlifi't'  ii|>|>fiit'i>il  in  iht>  |{i>|iiil)|i('  a  tliM'iinifiit  iiioif  tinn-ly, 
tiini'i>  ••|ui|iii>nr,  iii))i'i>  iriiiin|ili!int,  or  inoii*  liti|)|ty  in  itn  vVd'ct^ 
>K\  flit'  piililii-  niitiil.  It  wuH  urilti-ii  iimlri'  ti  ilnviit  of  !is>iiim« 
mIhi'i  •:!,  iniMiiMliiiii'ly  [iftfr  tlic  IVmriil  May  liofsnl'  IMillii- 
i|t'l|i!iiM,  mill  It  a  iiiiiiiii'iit  wlirii  tiii'if  \mih  rvwy  ictiisoii  to 
!i|i|»ii'li«'inl  Hiniil:ir  lie  wiU'stMHitltrt'iiks  in    N«>\v  YoiU  «'ity, 

'I'lif  hisliup  jiii^t  ti)i»U  till'  Nfiiiiil  whii'li  tilt'  «'im'i';i'i'ii«"y  r«»« 
(|iiii'i>  I.  i!i>  'isHiinit'il  lliat  hulil  aihl  fi-atlfSH  toiif  wliirti 
l)i'«.t  suits  ilif  Anii-rii'iui  fliaiiH'ii'i',  •mil  liis  winp-il  wnnh 
had  .III  aliiKtst  inajKittil  t>ll'f<t  t)n  tln' |iii|Milat'  iiiind.  Nt'vtT 
WHS  a  tliii'iinit'iit  nn>rt'  •'a;;t'ily  stmiilit.  or  iimrt' ^'ift'diiy  jm». 
riiscil.  It  ist'stiiiiatt'il  lli..t  in  N'-w  VmU  fity  altdif,  irto.tMio 
persons  rt'Mil  il  within  forty-i'lulil  lioiiisafti-r  its  lirsi  piiMiia- 
ilon.  'riift'li't't't  was  Irnly  w<»n<l<'i  fill,  'riiffxtitfiin'iit.  whjrii 
l)(>ft>r<>  had  i't>a<'hc<l  a  niaddt'iiin^  li<'!;,dif,iill  af  tinc<>  subsidtd, 
.iikI  N»'\.'  Yolk  was  .saved  from  the  <»niriit!;es  which  liiul  jii.st, 
disy:riH'ed  a  sister  city. 

In  this  niemoral>lt(  letter,  Dr.  lliiuhes  tiiiiniiihanflv  viiidU 
rales  hiinseir  froin  tho  vile  eharp-s  made  atraiiist  him  l»y  an 
unprincipled  press.  He  boldly  clialleiiyes  .lames  (t'onlon 
Meiinett,'  W'illarn  Ia  Stone,' and  otiieis,  toestal»Iish  the  con- 
trary ;)f  til"!  folhnsin^  pr<»posiiioiis  : 

"  1. — I  have  nover  m  my  life  done  one  a('ti»»n,  or  uttered 
a  sentiment  tending  to  altridu'e  .my  liumaii  hein^  of  all 
or  aiiN  of  t lie  riLrlits  of  cfJiiscieiKi'  which  I  claim  to  enjoy 
myself  untler  the  American  Constitution. 


•  EUltur  of  till-  New  York  Jkniltl. 


»  Eilltorof  ilif  Xvw  Viirk  (iminurtlal  A'lvfrtlntr, 


vi»  n]*|)liiiii|)M| 
hlirii  lliiiitii"HS 

'ik  W!f*  Hil\f(l 
Mil,  alxiNt'  till, 
hl'tVMM'll  lllllll 
Iflllxti',  wlih'li 
i-uvi*  ruiikll.i^ 

«(iyliit;ti   wtiiil 
iit«>  tiiiil  tli^tii 
Seldom   liiiH 
lliolf   tiliirh, 

y  ill  iiH  t'iriciM 

lllTllt    of  1IS««I|.S. 

iotsol'  IMiihi- 
fiy  H'ii«.u||  |t» 
w  Voik  vUy. 
I'lnt'i'^ciu-y  ro- 
H  folM'  wliiili 
Aiiip'd  wonU 
iiiitMl.  N»»v»'r 
■•'  ^nu'dily  i»«'. 

iiNtiif,  i:to.)Mi(» 

*  lii'si  piililii'ii- 
tciiii'ni.  wliitli 
nit'*'  snl>"<id«'d, 
k  hicli  liiid  jiiHt) 

iIiiMifly  vindi- 
list  liiiii  l>y  Mil 
aiiit's   (i(>r<l(tM 

l)Iisli  (|H'    COll- 

mi,  fd"  iitt«'iv(l 

I    Itcili;!;'  of   idl 

I'laini  i«»  «'iij(»y 


Htrcial  Ailirrllftr. 


run  MOf^r  nnw  Jons  imniKs,  hih 

»*9.— t  1inv»'  wsi'V  nski'il  np  wWu-d  rlmf  iiriy  diii'Miihirw 

liutt  -iMMlId  Im-  tl.'plU'- I  or   III**  HH'I'-.   "!•   Nllrll  >.'l>.|i.ll  or    lilt* 

Uil.l  •  iiH  iliiit   dt'iioiiiiimiloii  niiiHrli  iiiioiiily  ii|i|m»vi'«l.  hi  oiir 
I'olllMloli  or  pllhllf  >tr||«M»N. 

••;i.  I  liu\«'  iM'Vt'r  .'m.-rfti  Info  IhIiIwim'  or  rolliioinn 
u-ffli  !tii>  |io|liliiil  pally  or  liidi\idii!il.  and  im  pollili  al  paiiy 
.r  indhldiial  ••v.-r  appioariM-d  iui>  with  w»  lii«»iillhi«  ii  pni- 

po-.hloii. 

••4,-  T  hiivf  iH'Vt'r  r.Mpii-it.'d  or  iiii»hoii/«'i|.  iIh-  •MiMKi'n- 
Itiaoffh.'  piii'lif  -rh  M.I  l.ni.Ks'  hi  iIi.tIis  or  N«'\v  York. 

".'i,  ill  all  my  piiMir  lil'.- in  N»'\v  York,  I  iniv*' doii.- no 
at'tion.  iiHi'ivd  iiow-ntlmoiif  iiii\v«»rlliy  or  a  ('liii«.tiaii  IU-liop. 
and  an  Amt'ilraii  citl/i'ii." 

'I'lii-a.  afl'T  piitrlnu'  ilif  "Hanii-  or  «»imilar  pioposii|.,i|s  in  mi 
alllraialiv.'  lorni,  ai.d  >laliny;  tlaiii  a««  wril  known  piil>li<' 
Ji>f'ls\  wlilrh  h«>  h.dd  lilniHt'ir  pivpaifd  to  prov.'.  h.-  tliiiH 
liolilly  addivHHi's  his  inaliunaiit  r«'vlli'r««: 

"Now,  t!n'r<'l'ort'.  .lann"*  iioidoii  Hi'iimtr,  William  I*. 
Stoin',  and  y.'  othrr  drc-ivfis  or  lln-  pnhlic.  ^iiind  loitli.  -ind 
nii'ft  hi>liop  IIiiuIm'-.  Ihi»  ilnii,  mni..  loitli  in  no  iptililtlinv 
c-ipiiity;  ••..HI-'  rortli  iiH  lioufst  nu'ii.  iih  trin»  Aim-riciiii  riti- 
t.v\\^,  with  trill  li  in  Nour  In  arts,  and  lamlor  on  yonr  li|is. 
I  know  you  can  writ.'  w.-ll,  and  can  multiply  woi.h  and  mis. 
r,.pivs..nf  tniih;  tiiis  is  not  tin-  tliiiijr  tliaf  will  s.t\..  yoii. 
roin.'  rorthwitii  yoiir  i  \M'.  Hisiiop  llnMln-s  plan-s  himsi-ir 
in  tin' simpif  panoply  or  an  iioncst  man.  I«.'l'<pri-  tli.- Anicr- 
i,.;,„  p,..,p|...  ll..aslx"s  no  I'avor,  l>nt  in-  ^illlply  I'^-ks  wlntlicr 
III.,  opinion  or  lUsli-.p  Wliitt-  is  Iriic  that  witii  the  Aim-rican 
people  no  man  can  1"'  |"ii  down  l>v  falumny." 

James  (Jordonl?enneit  and  William  L.  Stone  did  attempf 
'•to  stand  rorlli  ;"  hnt  we  think  all  wilhillou  that  they  proved 
no  mateh  Tor  tin-  girted  Ihsliop-  Tlax  dealt  in  nan-ht  hut 
pers.mal  al»use  ami  idle  declamation  In  "words,  words, 
words."  Dr.  Iln^ihes.  liowever.  called  for  and  dealt  \\\ 'nml 
f'(trls,  those  "stiiMiorn  thin^i's"  tliat  are  rhejLireat  annoyance 
or  liars  and  .scoundrels.  The  result  or  the  discussion  was 
mo  t  hai>py.  it  (VMitrilmfed  iiiuKreaf  measure  to  dear  away 
tlie  dark  ciouds  (.r  calumny  whicii  hadlu'cn  tuv  years  <,'ather- 


830^ 


Till:  M('ST  IIKV.  JOJIS  IU'dliry.  11 D. 


ill-  iilx.iif  lli(>  Kinpii-o  City.     In  .short,  it  Id't  tli'.>  Catliolics  in 
ii  iiroutl  ])()siii(tn. 

il  is  'his  rtinioiis  lHtt<M'  which  n.iit;iins  tlu'  toiu'liiiii;'  :in<l 
1r;uiiiliil  allii.-*ion  to  iho  Anitii.'an  liii^'.  "1  cium'Vcu  now 
3>'!iii'iiihcr,"  writes  tlu'  IMshoi),  "'my  rctlwtions  on  lii'st  bf- 
!,rl(Uii^'  tlu'  Anicrican  Ihig.  It  never  ciossed  my  mind  tlmt 
il  tinKjniijiiitcotne  wlieii  tliat  lliig-,  tlie  einMeui  ol'  tlie  freedom 
iii>.t  alluded  tu.  slioidd  be  divided  by  apportioniniiits  stars  to 
'die  eilizeiisol'  native  birth,  and  iis  ulrijics  only  as  the  por- 
lii^r,  ul'  the  forei<.nK-r.  I  was,  v)!'  conrse,  but  yoniig  and  inex- 
perienced ;  and  yet  even  recent  events  liave  isot  dinnnished 
my  conlidence  m  that  rnsi<-'n  of  civil  and  reli^iious  lib.-rty. 
Itis  possible  I  Avas  ndstahen,  but  I  still  vWw^  to  the  deln- 
sion,  if  it  be  one,  and  as  I  trnstcd  to  tliat  lia.i;-  (m  a  milioir.s 
faith,  1  thiidc  it  more  likely  that  its  stripes  will  disappear 
idto,f;e*he";  and  that  bel'oiv  it  shall  be  enii»loyed  as  an  in- 
strnment  of  bad  faith  towards  tin*  foicigiwrs  of  every  land, 
the  white  portions  will  blnsh  into  crimson,  and  then  tho 
glorious  stars  alone  will  riMnain."'  • 

The  reader  mnst  not  imagine  that  battling  with  nnrnly 
trnstees,  nni)rii)cipled  journalists,  and  '"Native  American' 
rnflianism.  occnjjied  more  than  a  small  portion  of  liishop 
Ilnglies'  time.  N'o  dnty  was  neglected,  ilis  ^ast  energy, 
und^a  kind  of  magical  activity,  made  him  equal  to  every- 
thing. 

One  of  the  grea*  '  difficultU-s  wlach  he  nad  to  encounter 
was  the  immenbe,  i  (t  that  hung  over  the  churches  of  New 
York  city.'  It  retarded  the  progress  of  th^>  Church,  It  was 
a  source  of  deep  anxiety,  and  never-ceasing  annoyance. 
The  increase  in  tb.e  number  of  Catholics  was  so  great,  and, 
at  the  same  time,  they  wv're  so  poor,  tlnit  in  order  to  pro- 
vide them  with  i-h^ees  in  which  to  worship  God,  it  was 
necessary  to  borrow  large  sums  of  money,  at  a  ruinous  inter- 
est. The  evil  was  increased  by  the  mismanagement  of  the 
lay-trustees,  so  that  at  tiie  time  Dr.  Hughes  began  to  man- 


•  In  I'^ll  th  vvliole  ii.(l..t,(c.1ncss  ,.|  ilic  rlmrcli.'-  of  tin-  .-ily  iimomitfd  to  al.ntit  «3<in,nno.Miicl  it 
r.'(|.iirr,l  UI.OU  «-l).mKl  rHch  voar  lo  pay  tl...  ii.tiTcst.  St.  ITIn-s  (ImmtIi  «a«  11..'  one  tliat  (mi-.d 
him  the  gnateiM  trouble  and  labor;  its  indubtodiK'ss, ut  oiiu  tiuif,  aniount.d  to  $l40,ix)O.-ac//7.<'. 


}  Catholics  ill 

DtU'liliii;'  iiiul 
ciiii  even  now 
,s  on  iirst  he- 
ny  niinil  tliat 
r  tlif  frt'ednni 
nii'its  stars  to 
y  as  tlu*  por- 
ini^'  and  incx- 
)t  (liuiinished 
j,ions  lilii'ity. 
:  to  tlie  delu- 
)n  a  /^ "//"//'•'>' 
,ill  disappcai' 
yt'd  as  an  in- 
)r  every  land, 
and  then   t!ie 

;  with  nnnily 
e  American"" 
on  of  liishoit 
i  -vast  ener<i'y, 
inal  to  every- 

[  to  enconnter 
rches  of  New 
inrch.  Tt  was 
g  annoyance, 
so  great,  and, 

order  to  pro- 
)  God,  it  was 

rninons  inter- 
genient  of  the 
)egan  to  nian- 

(lahmit  SSiii.OOl.MiKl  it 
laM  llii'  <im'  tliiit  ciiii-^i'd 
■d  tofMO.WW.— (Vu/'/.c. 


Tin:  .i/o>r  hkv.  jou.s  nvaiiKs.  d.u.  SW 

„n-e  th.'  alTairs  <.f  the  diocse,  it  was  found  that  every  chnrcli 
rdilice  in  the  city  was  mortgage*!,  or  eiicnniliered  Nsith  del.t, 
tu  its  full  value/  It  look  many  a  l«»ng  year  of  toil,  struggle, 
smd  skilful  management  on  the  part  of  the  l'.ishoi»  t(»  get 
thing's  on  anvthinu'  like  a  salV  linaiicial  basis.' 

hrreUruary.KSH.theUev.  Dr.  M-Clok-ey  nowour vener- 
;il.le  r'ardiiitd'  \vascoT»seciat<'d  coiidjuiorto  l*)i^h(.p  Hughes; 
and  in  IS-!.')  the  latter  visited  Kurop.-  in  Hie  interests  of  his 
diocese.  He  was  especially  ilesinjus  to  v.blain  suitable 
teacliers  for  his  Catholic  s/hools. 

He  returned  in  Ai.ril,  1S4(;,  und  in  May  of  the  same  ye:iv 
iUlended  thesivth  Councilor  r.altimore,  whose delilu'ratioiis 
resulted,  and  were  subse.piently  conlirmed  by  the  Holy  See,  in 

dividin-'- the  diocese  of  New  V(.rkby  rl.e  establishment  ol  the 
new  s.'es  of  r,ufr!do  and  AUn.ny.  Dr.  Timon  was  appointed 
to  r.utfalo,  and  Dr.  McCloskey  was  translated  to  Albany. 

While  attending  the  Council,  r.ishop  Hughes  wus  sum- 
moned t<.  Washington  by  Mr.  liuchanan.  at  that  time  Se.ae- 
firv  of  State  under  President  Tolk,  t<.C(mfel  with  theAd- 
nViuistrati.m  in  reference  to  the  appointment  of  Catholic 
..kaplains  in  the  army,  then  on  the  way  to  invade  Mexic... 
T|,e  result  wasHiat  Father  John  M<-Klroy.  S.J. ,"  andl^ather 
Anthonv  K.!V,  S.J.,  received  the  :,pi,ointment 

Tn  bsir.and  1S4T,  the  Sisters  of  Charity  m  the  diocese  of 
New  Y(.rk  were  (U-ganized  into  a  separate  s(.ci('ty,  thus  sev- 
ering all  connectifm  witk  the  parent  lious..  at  Emmitts- 
bnr"  In  1S17,  Bisho].  Conn<dly,  of  New  York,  applied  to 
the  Snperior-deneral  of  the  Sisters  of  Charity  at  Kmnntts- 
l>nr.^  for  s.mie  Sist.s  K.  take  <d.arge  of  an  orphan  asynm  in 
his  Episcopal  city.  The  new  mission  was  cont.ded  to  the 
pioniand^ealous  Sister  Eose  White,  and  two-m--- 
On  the  i:?th  of  Septemb.er,  they  took  charge  ot  St  1  atiuk  s 
As\dnm,  corner  of  Piw.^nd^>k>t^n^ts^^  JT^sj^n^^^^^ 

futUolic  Chiinli  in  tliu  ViiiUil  Slates,    p.  .'$80. 


8-iS 


Tin:  MOST  RKV.  joiis  iirnuEs.  d.d. 


]iiiiiil)li»  l)(';j;imiiii,ix  of  tluil  llomishlii;^  coiiimniiily,  wlidsc  os- 
fiiltlislimnits  (if  mercy,  cliMrily.  iiml  ('(liicatioii  lutu  vtAiu' 
llii'  Mmitirc  Slutc.  iiiul  iti  wliirli  mIimh-  the  riiU'  and  divss  of 
.Mollicr  Scldiiaie  incscrvrd  iiiialtfrt'il. 

Some  tiiiicaflv'r  liis  acccssiuii  f(>  flu'  sec  of  New  York,  I)r. 
Iliiiilics  \vi--lit<l  to  cstaMisli  a  malt'  oipliaii  aslymii.  Tlii'. 
wiili  otlirr  wants  in  view,  indncccl  llic  zealous  jjiehite  to 
niakea  formal  |ieiiti<»ii  to  Kmmitlshui'ii'  for  a  iai'jj;e  colony  of 
Sisteis.  The  council  of  the  motlierdiouse  nolilied  him  llial; 
his  rciiue^t  ci»!ild  not  lie  u'ranled,  and.  morenver.  that  the 
Sis!e;'s  would  no  lonyei'  he  allowed  to  take  chai'iAc  of  male 
oi'iiliaiis. 

Tile  I'islioj)  then  coi'i'(»sp()n(hMl  wifli  the  Sn])eri(»i'-(teneral, 
re]i:'eseiitin,4"  tln^  ui'ucnt  necessities  (»f  ids  diocese.*  and  th<» 
result  was  the  eslaMishnient  of  a  sejiaiate  mothei-honse  at 
Xeu'  York,  of  which  Dr.  Iluuhes  may  l)e  considered  t'le 
fouMiliM".  The  meudieis  who  did  mtt  <lesire  to  lemain  under 
the  new  order  (»r  thinii's,  were  h-ft  at  a  perfect  lii)erty  to  <j;i) 
to  I'iinuMttshni'^-.  Of  the  fifty  Sistejs  at  that  time  in  {\n-, 
(liii!'i'se,  thirty-one  leniiutied;  and,  on  tiieSth  of  I)ecend)er, 
]Sl(i,  the  Feast  of  the  Immaculate  ('once])ti<»ii  of  tiie  Most 
lilesseil  \'ir,iiin.  T)r.  llii;nlies  constituted  the  Sisters  of  Cjiai- 
ity  ill  hi.s  diocese  a  separate  community,  under  tlie  title  (jf 
the  "  X/.vAr.v  <>/'  <  h-tridj  of  S/.  Viiirciif  tie  Vmtir  Tins  IX., 
by  a  brief  of  ,Iune,  b*^47,  ajqn'ovcMl  tlie  new  oi;nanization, 
and  conferred  npon  it  all  the  rights  and  privileiies  uianled 
to  the  Sistei's  of  Charity  in  France  or  America.  'I'he  New 
York  Sisters  n(tw  ivpiesent  the  Society  as  founded  liy  the 
.saint Iv  Mother  Seton.' 


'  Sec  lifnif  Miillirr  Si'loM  III  llic  iirrM'iil  vdliiiiic;  "A  rcipiilar  IlKlorydf  ihc  Cutliiilii  cliunli 
ill  till'  liiilcd  siaiiv."  pp.  l;ll-l. 

Ill  Htii.  the  si-^tcv^  of  Chavity  of  St.  Vincent  ilc  Paul  tminticrid  fUW  nl^mlllT^'.  in  JiT  Iioiims  anil 
•M  clriii'iMltiicli"'.  rliicdy  In  llir  Miilillc  and  New  Kiiylaii<l  Stales.  Tlii'.v  coikIiicI  Hi  fcmalo 
iicadcniic",  18  schools,  I.'l  orphan  asylums,  ami  i  hospitals. 

Tiii'.\cailciiiy  of  Mount  Sl.Viiici'iit.  on  the  Iliulson.  is  tln'  cliicf  (■(Incalloiial  iiislitiilion  iif  llie 
Sisters  of  ciiurity  of  St.  Vineeiit  lie  I'aiil.  l-'irsi  o|ieiie(l  in  imr,  it  is  now  perniaiieiilly  e^lali- 
lisheil.  Oil  till' ea-t  hank  of  the  Million,  a  lulle  ahoM'  Hhcrilale.  at  a  point  where  the  river  <'on- 
eeiiirales  its  most  foreilile  elaiiiis  to  its  luaiitifiil  appellation  •'  Pile  Kliine  of  .\nieriea."  Thin 
ae.eieiiiy  has  tile  honor  of  haviiii;  'nen  foiiiidcil  liy  .\rehtiMio|i  Miijlies.  It  laki's  the  name  of 
'•  Mount  St.  Vincinl"  from  the  eonimaiidini:  elevation  on  whiih  it  is  dilated.  The  main 
biiilili.i,:;,  ill  the  Ihzaiuiiie  style,  possesses  great  ar(liite(;tii.nil  beauty,  iii'.ii  is  reully  one  of  the 


y,  wliosc  OS- 

I    now  covoi' 

Mil    dirss   (»f 

u-  York,  Dr. 
yiiiii.  'I'lii', 
s  l)l»'Iiit<'  to 
;;•('  «'()Iony  of 
I'd  liiiM  tliiit 
IT.  iliiir  tliH 
I'^H  of  mail! 

ioi-Ciciicral, 
sc."  and  tlie 
u'l'-honsc  at 
isidt'i'cd  tiic 
'main  iind<T 
Im'Hv  to  <;() 
tini<'  in  tim 
Dcccnibt'r, 
1)1'  tile  Most 
crs  (if  Cliar- 
tlic  till*'  (if 
"  Pins  I  \., 
r^anization, 
'ii't's  uranlcd 
,'  TJic  N.'u- 
ndcd  liv  the 


lie  (':itli(ili(   I'liiiri'li 

1.  ill  .".7  lioiix'S  ,'111(1 
ri)iiiliicl    II)   fc'iiuik' 

I  iii'^titiltioii  iir  llio 
licnniiiiinlly  oliili- 
liiTi'  Mil'  river  coii- 
r  Amrric':i."  Tlii^ 
Cilii's  till'  iiiiini'  of 
luitt'd.  Tlic  iiiiiiii 
:  really  one  of  the 


Tin:  j/'As'/'  liKV.  J(HL\  niuiiEs,  dv. 


m\i 


"  TT<«  went  alioiit  doinjr  mc"<1-'"  ''"I"'^*'  ^v«»h1s  ini-lit  .instly 
iM-apiilitMl  loiiic  uliol.- lifcof  Dr.  Hii-ias.  in  1M7  l:r  i.- 
(Tivfd  an  invitation  fntin  .loliii  (^iiiiicy  .Vdanis.  .lolin  ('.  Cal- 
iK.iin.  andotliciMlisliiijinislicdnicn,l.»piva(ii  I  rfoiv  (■oii,uiv>s 
iiillirCaiiitoiat  Wasliin^teii.  lie  tools  as  his  snl.j.ct.  '•('hi  is 
tiai.ity  theoiily  SoiiKvof  Moral,  Social,  i  iid  I'olitiral  lJi;u<in.- 
ration."     It  is  a  splfiidid  discourse. 

Nor,  witli  pfii  and  toii.mie,  thiiM  chMincntly  lahoiin-j,'  in  th:- 
cause  i.f  triitli,  did  he  ever  for  a  moment  i'oi^et  tile  imiK  r 
taut  interests  of  Catholic  education.  At  tliis  i.eriod  we  liiid 
that,  tiiron.uh  hiselVoits.  the  .lesnit  Fathers.  Ladies  of  the 
Sacred  Heart.  Chrisiiaii  I'.i others.  Sisters  of  Charity,  and 
'sisters  of  Mercy  were  settled  down  to  the  almost  divine 
work  of  teachin.u'  the  young  "  the  way  in  which  they  shoiihl 


li'O 


Thouirh  one  of  the  most  devoted  citi/eiis  of  the  Inited 
States,  r^ishoiiHu-hes  never  foro'ot  his  native  land.  II.'lov(<l 
it  with  his  hist  breath.  In  lS-17,  when  the  famine  was  la-iiii- 
in  Ireland,  he  sent  the  collections  just  taken  up  J'or  his 
Thcolii-ical  Seminary,  amounting'  to  sU.cno,  t(.  rtdieve  his 
niiliaiii)y  countrymtMi.  Ht^  was  a  noble  patriot,  and  was 
.-■reallv  niortitied  1)V  tlie  failure  of  the  '-J8  nicvenient. 


I'lr-,..,  ,'.l„.'nti..n,.l  ..rurtur...  In  (lie  T-nl..'<l  Sf.it.-s.    Tl.e  tow.T  rl.r-  am  f.'.'t  al.ov.'     ,it.  r  I,  ^,•  . 
TI,i-,.x.'elU'n.i.i..i.ution.l..v  It- .liar.er.  enjoy- all  .he  ri.h.-  nn.l  pnvUe.-eH  of  any    i  •■"•">■;;'  ' 

1, in  ,he   suite.    The  Minli-  MH'  hi.h,  x.irl.'il.  im.l  l.nietieal.     Lal.n  enter,   into  the  le^nh.i 

eiMir-eof  Ihela-t  lliree  vear-;  «hilelh. iMirlunille- lor  tliepiM>nil  of  .eieiiee  „re  eM'.hii.. 

(. r  the  arehiteeuiral  enrio-itie-  i>  Korre-f>  ..Mie.     Of  i-  ronnis  the  hir.eM  ';-;;;i;-  ;- 

eahinet;  uhile  a. nr  i-  ileu.te.l  .o  M-'iinen-  in  eoiHliolo'.-y  an.    natural   ,  -tmy.       1.      n. 

..  M-noM  eoll.etion"  of  nii.ierals   ilonati-l    to  the  a.'a.lemy  hy    I-r.   Ainohl.    ha-   .re  tl,       ,. 

l„r'M',l  anil  eiirieheil  the  .ahinet,  niaUin'.:  i e  of  tin'  mo-l  eomplele  ,n  llie  eonnlry.     1  lie.e  ar.. 

;       ,.«,  .ohime.  in  Ui,'  in..ny.     Thirty  Si-ler-  anil  ,irofe>.or-  eoiMi.iite  the  ,e,uli.n«  s.a.T 
,Ue  Milih',,,-  niiMiher  ahou,  .,M,     Mother  M.  lii'.ma  I,a«  h'-.  .he  '--"P  -"';'  ;;;'";'^"";  ^^l^ 
iniliveof   Irelaii.l.  ami  «a>  ele.teil  to  her    l.ve»enl  po=it.ou  u.  lS.O,-/y,  to.  .j  <;,   tu    LatlwlA 
fliiiichinlhi.  I'nVnl  SlitU^,  \<.\Vi. 


niA  PTKH    IV. 

Tin:  Fiit>i"    .\i;(iiiti»ii(>i'  (tr    m:\v  yokk. 

Ni'W  Ynrh-  raisnf  A*  (hr  ninh-  of  a  nulropolihni  nee— Tin) 
liininn-ilhtlr  <'(Uiri'i>tioii  -FaililHJ  licdilh  S/.  Pal  rich'  n 
('(tlhcilrdi    'The  A/<-/this//aj)'.s  r/i,'rif//-'J/tf   Arrlihishiqt 

anil  Pius  IX.  -Thf  ciril  mtr—Uin  luissinii  In  /•Juropa 
--Su///i'  of  /lis  last  acts— The  iiioiinifiit  inil—llis  i/iaif- 
ni'ss  s  II  III  III  I'll  II  j), 

'Plip  brief  (»f  (nir  late  illustrious  Holy  Fiithor.  P(»po  Pins 
I.\..  fivctinii'  X(i\v  York  iiit<»  an  archiciiiscopal  srr,  widi  tlir 
8t'('s  oi'  liostoii,  liartronl.  Albany,  and  Hnllalo  as  snlVra^au 
sees,  was  rt'ccivcil  by  Dr.  Unfiles  in  the  fall  ol' IS.'o.  Ih^ 
Haili'il  l)\-  KuroiH',  and  had  the  honor  of  rt'ccix  ing  tlio 
]ialliuin  tiuai  the  hands  of  thf  S()Vt'r<'i<,Mi  I'ontifl"  hiniscir. 
This  was  a  disiiact'on  which  the  Archbishoi»  alwaysalluded 
to  with  jilcasun'  and  <i;ralitu(h'. 

In  1S,')4  Archbishoi)  ]In;j;h('.s  was  one  of  the  American 
l)relates  who  a(rei)tt'd  the  invitation  of  Pius  IX.  to  attend 
tlie  iisscnibly  of  bishoi»s  from  the  whole  Catholic  world, 
gathered  toiicther  to  take  part  in  tlu^  ceremonies  iittendant 
ni)on  the  delinition  of  tli«  dogma  of  the  Tmmacnlate  Con- 
('ei)tion.  He  was  a  member  of  that  an.u'ust  assendilj',  and  as 
ii  d.'V(Mit  child  of  the  Most  Holy  A'irgin,  he  was  greatly 
attached  to  the  dogma. 

On  his  return  to  Xcnv  York,  he  recounted  th"  jrrtndeur  of 
the  ])roceedings  at  which  he  liad  th»^  i)leasure  (»i  assisting. 
He  also  immediately  began  the  erecticm  of  a  church  in 
h(Mior  of  the  Immaculate  Conception,  which  he  solemidy 
conseci'ated  on  the  IHth  of  May,  1858.  This  was  the  ninety- 
ninth  church  erected  and  dedicated  under  his  personal 
tnpervision. 
830 


i:k. 

(till  xri' — Tin' 
SI.  rulrirl/s 
•  Arr/ihisliop 
nil  lit  F.HiOjii' 

l—Uh  i/i<nt- 

T,  Pope  Pins 

sec,  with  the 

iis  siilViM^iin 

<>r  isrid.    He 

ivct'i\  iiiii;  tli(! 
iitifV  liiiiiscir. 
IwaysalliKlcd 

lir  Aint'iican 
1\.  to  att(>ii(l 
tholic  world, 
lies  iittciKiant 
lacnlate  Coii- 
niMj',  and  as 
was  j:;reatly 

«  uTfindour  of 
(<i  assisting, 
a  chiircli  in 
he  solemnly 
[IS  tlie  ninety- 
his  personal 


TitK  )rosT  urn:  -ritiis  nraiii:^.  /'  /' 

Kvevvtliinj:  ImuKiM  is  llu.it-d.  Kvrryfhin-  Innna.',  tnlnp. 
l.ilv  is  sul.jrct  tochan-v.  Sn<-li  l.n<l  Li-cnll.."  artiu.ai.d 
laho'rioUslilVor  Arrl.l.isl,..I>  llnulies.  and  surl.  the  exemi,- 
sn.m.sandn.nl-sls  tl.roi.-h  whirl,  he  had  passed,  tlmt  his 
l„,,|,|,,  naturally  robust,  h.-au  to  fail  him  in  184S,  uIihi  I  •• 
was  ahout  lii'ty  years  of  a-e. 

Mmv  of  his  oTeat  labors  and  most  hnlliant  ethrts  were 
luMrnnnr.l  in  the  n.i.lst  of  intensi'  sulVerin-.  lbs  natund 
vioor  an.l  marvellous  a.Mivily  of  eharaet.'r.  d  is  true,  re- 
sisted for  a  Mme  the  eneroaehment  of  dis.'ase  ;  hut  alter  tlu' 
y,,,r  IH:.:.,  he  made  but  few  HVorts  sueh  as  those  lliat 
iuark.Ml  the  llrst  part  of  his. 'piseopal  career. 

l',„t  thou-h  the  em'r-yof  lilV  wus  .m  the  derluie.  1  r. 
]iu'du-s  began  one  of  the  great<-st  <d'  his  many  givat  works 
-the  ereethm  of  the  new  and  magnilleent  Cathedral  oi  St 
P-Uriek  The  corner  st.me  of  this  grand  structure  was  la;d 
(,n  \uuust  15th,  1S.\S  in  the  presence  of  s.'ven  bishops, 
one  hundred  and  thirty  pviests,  and  at  least  inO.OOU  people 
N,.a.rident  occurred.     Everything  passed  <.fl   ni  the  most 

iicrfect  order.  ,     »  ,  .1 

Some  idea  of  the  Archbishop's  still  wonderful  en.Tgy.  and 
of  his  inlinence  with  his  llo.'k,  may  be  formed  from  thesing  e 
,-.j,t  that  he  paid  visits  to  the  most  wealthy  Catholics  t(, 
solicit  c.ntribiitions  to  the  new  Cathedral ;  and  in  orn'  hnn- 

,firif  of  these  visits,  whi,-h  did  not  occupy  over  tj^y' ^^y^< ;;';;; 

hours  hef..un.lo/,rA////^/m/  persons  who  gave  hnn  M,<tOO 
I::;;.;;  '  B.fore  ids  death  the  wans  <.f  this  noble  stru<.ture 
reached  the  height  of  twelve  or  f..urteen  leet. 

In  18.V.)  he  took  an  a<"tive  part  in  showing  his  ^vmpathy 
fo,  the  glorious  Pius  TX.,  when  the  star  of  evd  destnu 
slu>ne  orrthe  Eternal  City^>i-^H^'f^l'es  tsW  anrnsp.riim 

f„l,Kmlr<MlyMrmM,.r..  of  tl.o  kin.l  >..... -.  '^^    ;,;,,,, .......h.s.  Tl,r<or„.r-s.„n..  w»« 

,,„„i,,„,,i,„  pn.vail...!  in  K,.n.,-  ."  tl-  tl."..-    -  >       \,  '' ,        '     ,        ..  „...rU  «..  s„.,„.,„l..,l   .l.e 
1-1  i"  'H:^«  Oy  A""':'^"""  ':tM,:"'',:        1"  „  h     ..''^.1-  .-.-  f..,n.ms  ra,.„.,l,«.  of 

qftheVal/iOtk  Church  in  (he  CniUdHtate^.  _ 


•^ 


su-i 


ritK  MOST  liEV.  ,/'>//..    Iiraiins,  D.I). 


jmsfoiiil  itii  llif  siihjfct,  wliidi  \v!is  s»i  ur-itcfiilly  ivcelvcd  )iy 
tln'  Holy  FiitluT,  timf,  ln'  urdfifil  ii  to  lie  iirintcd  ;ii  ilit> 
l*inpiiiu,:iii(l;i  i'l  Kiiulisli  iiiid  Itiiliiiii  ii  iliNtiii<'ti«.ii  in-vcr 
lirl'dii'  t'oiirt'iird  oil  any  otlu'r  luisloial  w'    |{(tiin',' 

llciilso  liiiscd  ii  (Milli'clioli  of  s.'iM.iMKi    ill  iiid  (tf  tin-    llnly 

I''iiilit'i*sd('|»It't('d  iivMsiiry.    On  it ivin-i  fliis  jufscnl  and  llit? 

It'tttT  ul"  synipalliy  wliicli  accomiiaint'd  if,  I'iiis  |,\.  was 
niovt'd  to  (t'lirs;  and  as  a  mark  of  liis  uiafffnl  npimMialion 
lit'  st'nl  to  llic  Aiclihisliop  a  llrsi-class  nit'dal  lor  Ins  ivli- 
;;itHis  /I'al,  and  Min^iular  and  ilcvolcd  altachnifiil  to  tlif  cliair 
of  IN'ifi'. 

At  till' l)i'triniiin,<r  t)l' flic  latt'civil  uai-.  Airliliislioji  Ijimlifs 
was  ritM|Hi'iif|y  coiisiilttMl  hy  St'crdaiy  Seward  and  I'lvsidciit 
LiiicDln.  Ill  isCd,  lit'  was  sfiit  i>y  tin-  (lovi'iiinii'nt  on  a 
^.pi'fial  mission  to  Kiirojic.  Ul"  tlif  ohjcct  of  this  joiinify  In- 
wrott' to  Cardinal  Marnabo:  "My  missitui  is  a  mission  of 
jicai'i'  hi'twccn  l-'rancc  and  MMu;laiiil  0:1  tli  •  tnn'  side,  and  tlm 
liiitt'd  Sfatt's  t)n  the  otlitT.  I  made  known  to  tlif  IMfsidcnt 
fliMt  if  I  slioiild  comt'  to  Kiiroiii'  it  would  not  Itc  as  a  parti/an 
t)f  tlif  North  molt'  than  of  tlif  South  ;  thai  I  slioiiM  ivpic 
st'iit  tlit'  intt'it'sts  of  tilt'  South  as  v.cll  as  of  the  Nurili  ;  in 
.■•hort.  till' iiitt'i'Hsts  of  tim  I'liitt'd  States,  just  thf  saiiif  as  if 
tlit'y  had  iifvcr  hi-fii  tlistracft'd  I)y  thf  prt'scnt  fivil  war. 
The  people  t)f  the  South  knt)W  fliat  1  am  not  opposed  to 
tiK'ir  interests,  Tliey  have  even  ].iiMislied  that  in  (heir 
])ai)ers,  and  some  say  that  my  eomin;;'  to  Kiirope  is  with  a 
\  iew  to  hrin/j;  about  a  reconciliation  lietweeii  the  two  sections 
of  thecoiintry.  lint,  in  fact,  noone but  myself,  either  North 
or  South,  knows  the  entire  object  of  my  visit   to  Miiropc." 

He  visiietl  Koine,  Ireland,  and  Paris,  and  had  lonj;'  and 
interesting  interviews  with  the  Frenc;.  Knijierorand  Km])rt'ss. 
After  his  return  home  in  ISO-i,  an  official  intimation  was 
conveyed  to  the  IIolv  See  that  the  President  of  the  liiited 
Stales  would  be  "ivatly  i)leased  tt»  set' Archbishop  Hughes 
made  a  Cardinal  t  but  it  seems  that  Providence  re^;erved 
this  dignity  for  his  venerable  successor. 


'  Arclil)ihlinii  llituhcs  Kent  n  onpy  of  ilil«  iimsterly  pantoral  to  all  the  crowned  IicuUb  of  Eiirdjn-, 
cxn'iil  (icucii  Vkioria  iinU  Victor  Emniaimcl. 


1 


ly  icci'ivt'd  \>y 
riiiti'd  :il  tlit> 
ilictioll    llt'Vri' 

(•r  tli<'  II. .|y 
It'Sfiil  ;iii'l  till' 
'ills    |.\.     \\i\H 

I  ii]i|iii'('i:iiinii 
I  I'm'  liis  ivli- 
it  to  ilif  cliiiir 

isli(i|)  lliiiilifs 
111(1  I'lvsidciit 
>i'iiini-iit  nil  :i 
lis  joiiriicv  lit^ 
ii  iiiissioti  of 
siflf,  iiml  tilt* 
the  I'lvsidfilt 
'  iis  ii  i)iiitiziiii 
slmiild  ii'prc- 
lir  N<  rl!i  ;  in 
ill*'  siiiiM'  iis  ir 
'111  civil  Will', 
it  (ipjioscd  to 
lliiit  ill  dicii' 
>!»('  is  with  i! 

'  two  S('('fi(»I|r> 

t'itlitM'  Xdilli 
to  Knidpi'.'" 
lad  Iniio'  jiiid 
!Uid  Krii])r<'ss. 
tiniiilidii  Av;is 
>r  fli»'  I'liitt'd 
shop  1 1  utiles 
mce   l•e^:el•ved 


ijf/-:  MOST  urn:  jnjis  iinnir.s,  n d. 


8:i:^ 


nvd  livudit  of  Eiiroin-, 


Tlif  tiist  iii'^titiilioii  t's»iiMi>lit'd  liy  liini  wiis  St.  .losciili'-i 
Tlit'olofiical  S.'iniiiiiiy,  at  Tioy.  ilt'dtdivt'ivd  his  hisi  si'iiiioii 
ill  .liiiH'.  lS(;;t.  at  III*'  (h'diratioii  of  a  chun'ii  :  and  his  last 
atti'iiipl  ii  piil»li<' spi'akin.u;  was  during;' tilt' ilnift  riot  in  Nfw 
YtU'U ''ity.  in  .Inly.  IS(;;i,  wli.'ii  li<' madf  a  disconix'  to  tlif 
ju'opic  at'  lln'  iv(|ii('st  of  (fo\t'tti(»r  St'ynionr,t(tdisMiadt'  iIh'Iu 
lioni  violt'iiff.  lit'  spolsf  from  liif  Inilcoiiy  ol"  liiH  rt'sidi'iic*' 
in  Matlison  Avi-nii''.  ;iiid  was  oliliui'd  to  ivniain  n-att'd,  in 
ronsi'tpit'iu't'  <d"  tin-  »'Xti>'iiifl\   frt'lilr  .s'aic  of  his  health. 

Years  of  imct'asiim'  toil  had  sliattnvd  tliat  (.iirc  active  and 
])o\verfiil  frame,  lie  had  spent  himself  foidod.  and  Irtitii, 
ami  leliyion  lie  lii:<l  livtil  (t«l  ninjoi i  m  Ihi  tf!i>ri(tiii.  He 
hud  horne  the  Ir-a!  and  harden  of  the  day  ITe  had  foii^ilit 
the  iroo  I  liudit.anil  now  he  w.is  ahoni  to  leceive  tlie  reward  <»f 
tlie  laithfiil  servant.  And  snrro!in<|ed  hy  loved  and  veiier- 
.ited  friends.'  fliepvat  prelate  departed  from  the  scenes  of 
Ills  earthly  t«»ils.  and  tiials.  and  triiimiihs.  on  .lannary  :{d, 
\^[\\.  TJie  lieuislaliire  and  the  ('omnmn  Coiinci!  passed 
resolutions  of  condolence,  and  tesliinoiiialH  of  respect  were 
olVered  from  every  (piarter.' 

Dr.  llii.uhes  was  a  most  heroir,  veneraMe,  and  illnstrlons 
man.  Whether  we  contemplate  the  noMe  boy  kneelin«t'  hy 
the  hayrick,  or  the  famous  Arclii>isliop  hnildin;;-  iij*  the 
Catholic  Church  in  the  I'jiipire  State.  retlectin.Lr  hotior  on  his 
Faith  and  his  countrymen  l»y  the  lustre  of  his  name.  <»r 
(■(MinsellinL;  rulers  and  presidents,  speaking  words  of  warniii;^ 
and  wisdom  t(»  klnijs  and  emperors.  <»r  <'arryin^'  in  liis  hand 
tlie  destiny  of  nations,  there  is  .still  to  be  s"en  the  same 
briuht  life.the  same  <irandenr  of  soul.  It  is  the  sun  risiii-; 
in  the  east,  movini;  on  its  silent  course,  brilliantly  shiniii.u  in 
the  west.  anil,  linally,  sinkin,^  amid  the  sad  and  s(.lemn 
splendor  of  Its  evenini:  rays.  The  career  of  such  an  extraor- 
<linary  man  is  a  liuht  for  after-ages.  He  is  one  of  the 
filories  of  the  Catholic  Church  in  America. 

1  .\miili!'  Itidi'i'  pr.'«i'lit  nt  tlli'  ArilililHlioirH  lii»t  hours  were  liU  two  i-l>l.r<,  and  (\inliiiul 
il(('li>>kry. 

■'  iM.r  llir  ..•riiilcr  |i;irl  cf  ilii-  lii-l  .  liapirT  wr  lire  iiiilclitcil  1"  Dr.  I{.  II.  Cl;irkc>  rxc.llint  lif.' 
if  Arclilii-imp  niljslu'H,  ill  lii»t '•  I.iv>>  of  tlic  IKcnlwd  Ui^liop'' of  tlif  Ciilliolic  (luirili  in  llii. 
LldUil  Slutis." 


P   T    DE  SMET,  S    J 


rATiir.R  im:ti:k  joiin  di-:  smix  sj., 

Tiiii  Ai'osTLi:  o!'  Tii::  ikh  kv  M(.i mains.' 


CIIArTKH   I. 

THK  YHl  N(i  MIXSIONAUV. 

JUrth  itii'l  MifrnfioH  f.'nrs  h  A  nurira  „ntlj»in>i  thr  SnrM'f 
o/'  Jrsus  I/r/ps  h  hxihl  a  uninrsit,/  -Amnnif  I  he 
/iit/inii.'i -T/w  Fhitli'iul  ,„ixsii»i/niiiidvil-lii<'K'  tn  .s'' 
Lnui.s-n<'  (fiJflriiffh'S  of  f/ir  /il'fhn,  misshmarn  \ 
si/slna  of  inis'sinn.'i  pf'Uiiirff  /Imn  Fuf/trr  Ik  i<mti 
niisrd,  mimt'!/lo  /trip  on  (Itv  inoik  of  (UA. 

Th..  -at'iiN'st    lii.liiin  miH^ionury  of  on-  n^'.>  was  Fafhrr 
IVfi-  .lolMi  I).'  Sm.'t,  S..).     His  luim."  is  nimoiis  thiou,«liont 

tlu"  world,     ir  it  w.'m  possihl..  to  n rd  all  th.'  in.-id.'Hts 

1111(1  adv.-ntiuvs  of  ids  woiid.'iful  raivt.r.  ii  voliim.'  \v..uld  !>.' 
,,n.diic.Ml,  til.'  int.'n'st  ..f  wliicli  <'..ul.l  bo  surpass.'.l  by  n.) 
work  of  li.'tioii  or  roiniiii.-.'. 

lb' was  b..m  at  T.-rinoiKb'.  H.'liiiuni,  on  n('c.'iiib.'r  Mist, 
ISOI,  ..f  a  i.ious  aii.l  nobt.'  family.  Xv'h.'ii  <.f  th.-  prop.'P 
ii<r,.  h..  cnt.Mvd  th.'  ♦'i.iscoi)al  .s.-niinary  at  M.'chliii.  Whil.' 
th.'r.',  hi'  and  a  f.'woth.-rs  b'lt  call.'d  to  .b'vot.'  th.'nist'lv.'s  t.) 
thi-  American  missions.  On.'  day  tluT.;  appwir^^d  amonffst 
them  a  vencrablH  pri.'st.  a  f.'llow-conntryman,  worn  with  th.' 
labors  and  .'xnoMiire  of  a  diflicnlt  mission  in  K.Mitncky.  U 
was  the  saintly  Charles  Neriuckx.    As  the  vet.n-un  mission- 

.  .I.h.fantl.nrltlci.u.p.l:  "  A  I'oi.iili.r  lIlM..ry  of  .!,.■  .'Htl.-lir  flninl.  \^^  t^..  n.l.r.l  S.,,.. .- ;" 
I),.  SiiMt,  S.,1.  ■  Narmllvr  of ,.  Yrnf-  H,..i,\....v  .\„,.M,...l,..Trn.,-..f  .!..•   f"  k>  >"""'»";•      ";, 
.;,„,.,.  S,. I. .••W,M,rMMI-inM.,.n,lMi^-ion:.ri.-;"  H-  Sm...  S,  .1. -N.w  Indmn  Sk.•l.l..■^, 
Ui-  Sunt,  8.  J.,  ■'  OriKoii  .Ml^ioiiu  uiid  Triivtls  ovir  lUc  Uocky  Mouiilttlliii." 


Kill 


hWTiiKn  PHTKU  Jnirx  tn:  sm:r.  s. ./. 


iiiy  ilt'i»i<'t»'<!  Mif  lirli  liflil  fuj' lulinr.  tlif  vouii;;  iiH'n^'alln'n'il 
iii'Diitiil  liiiii,  iiikI  Mix (tlFfi-iMl  tt)ii('('iiiii|iiiriy  hint  tn  Aiiwiicii,  fn 
•'Ut«'j'lln»  Stdit't}  of  ,l»'  lis.     ()f  ilicHf,  I'ltt-r  .liilm  Dt- Smi-t 

\\!is  tln'  yolll|;^t"st,  Hut  ^ri'al  rMlltinn  \\;im  IH'ffsMil  \  ,  !is  llif 
(ni\«'riiiiii'Ut  HA\*^  (d'tlt'is  to  Nlop  llii'Mi.  'i'llfv  ••linli'il  llif 
oMIriTH  |)»'  Siin't  vi'iy  imnowly  iiinl  iiu't  at  AiiimIciiIuiii, 
^\||rlli'i>  llify  Muilnl  ill  tllP  sllliillicl-  i>r    IS'.M. 

'I'll!' iipoHlulir  tiiivt'llt'is  ivarlifil  IMiihi<l)'l|ilii:i  afh'i'n  fuity 
iiayM'  V(iya>i»' ;  laii  yuiiiij,'  l)»'  Snifl  was  >;i(lly  (li>a|i|MiiiiitM|. 
ll»'»'\|M'('tt'il  l()s»'('\\ij;\vams  iKii  lniiis«'.s  jilio  tilt  ISC  in  l')iirn|i»». 
'I'ln'  linliaiis  wci'H  iilii'ady  tlif  nlijccts  of  his  zeal.  Hew  Mr. 
>kt'i'incl\x  tn»i|\  liin  yniiiiir  cariilitlah's  ti>  (in-  .Ifsiiii  nit\ilia(f 
at  \Vliiti'!ii:irsli.  M  liylaii  I.  wht-rf  tli -y  at  «»!i('i' asMinH'il  iii« 
lialtit.  jlt'roiv  tile  rlnsv  id'  tin-  two  ycaiV  inoliatinn,  liow. 
i'\rv.  tlilllcnltit'H  in  tln'(llfM'»'M»»  iiia<lt'  it  iitM'««.sMai'y  t(»  l)i«'alv  up 
tli»'  iiuvitiiitt*.  'I'litf  yoim^  Mi'l^rian  novices  wric  on  llit'|H.iiit 
of  ivfiiniinir  In  l'jin»iH',  wln-n  Hisliop  iMilmnr^'  lizard  of  it. 
ami  ;^lailly  Ifoii'tlifin  all  to  Missumi.'  and  (liciv,  at  I''!oiiss;mt, 
Di'  Stnot  tool<  Ids  vows.  At  this  tirn»'  In-  inach!  Iiimst'lf  con- 
.spicnonH  liy  Ids  manly  •'n»'ri,'y  in  choppiiiK  d(t\vn  tivt's  Miid 
l)uildin^'  lou;  honst's,  ,soiin'  of  which  nioniinn'iits  of  his 
slivn^ih  and  zeal  wfio  still  standing'  not  many  years  ai:o 
It  is  rt'latt'd  tliat  lit'  could  (h>  more  work  in  a  day  than 
tiny  ont'  of  Ids  comrades. 

in  l.^iS  h'alhcr  Dc  Smet  caiiif  to  St.  lionis.  and  aided  in 
fonndin;;  tin-  St.  Louis  I'tuvfisity,  on  Washin^ilon  Avenue, 
assisiiiii;  witli  his  own  liamls  in  (luanvin^'  the  stones  for 
the  foundation,  lie  afterwards  Itecame  ju'ofessor  in  this 
Heat  of  leurninu',  and  won  llie  love  of  the  students  l.y  tlieiin- 
rendttint;  Isindiiess  and  patience  with  whi(di  lie  diischar^ed 
the  duties  of  his  otlice." 


I  M  Mil"  iiirlv  ilaii'  imiTi  SI.  T.imN  wiw^Hicitrd  In  tli.'  iuM«t  of  iin  iiliim.(  imtlili'"  wlliliTtii'*''. 
mill  Imil  ii|Hiiiiihill>in  iiol  .•xiiMclini.'.'i.dilil  or  l.(«iil  "iiiil-.  Tlic  inniii.  ol'  iriiM'l  \\i\,-  inih  |iiiiii- 
IiIm'.  Tlic|>:irlv.  <.f  «lil<li  voiinii  !)<•  SniO  «a-  imr,  rrci-id  ili.'  Allc-.'li.inv  Mi.iiiil;ilii- uilli  ,i 
triilii  of  Ittcic.r  Hirer  liiijr  «iii.'iHi-.Mhil  on  r.iKliiip.'  I'lll-lnir.-h.  Iioiil'IiI  u  coiiiOi'  of  llii!  1mi.iI-. 
Ill  wlilcli  lliiv  il(«.  riMl.il  llir  (lliio  H-  fur  iif.  Sliiiwii.ilowii.    TIHTr  llu.v  -oil)  iliilr  Ixml-  mill  look 

tin-  llaiml  OMTlillul  rolllr  111  SI.  l.ollN. 

'SI.  l.iiiil-  rnlvir>ll,v  I"  111''  olil(-l  Ciiltiolii  lii.'liliilloii  111  till'  Ml--l--i|i|i^  Viillcy  hIiIi  iIh'  rmik 
mill  pri\lliL'i«of  iiMiilv.rilly.  II  \vii«  fonmliil  in  Im-,-!!.  l.y  ilir  Kutli.T-  of  ilir  Soilily  of  .li -ii-. 
Oiiil  thr.i'  yiiir-  Iui.t  wii-  liu'orjior.iliil  liy  an  ml  of  llir  Slate  l.enMaliire.     Amoiii.'  Us  foiiiiiltT.i 


I 


r.iriiKn  rKirn  .i<>it^'  tn:  f>':nr.  a  J. 


m 


www  ^',\\\\vVv\ 

In  Ano'iini.  to 
lithii  hi-  SiiH-t 
'i"««»:il  \ ,  iiH  ill*' 
y  t'linltMl  ilif 
I   Atnslfhluiii, 

I  nffi-r  n  U\y\\; 
(li.s!i|i|i<iiiiii>(l. 
ii.sf  ill  Kiirii|i*>, 
!il.  H.'v.  Mr. 
'Miiii  ii<*\  iiiiiic 

'  ilN^IIII|l•i|    lilt' 

ol'iitiiiii,  Iiii\v> 
•y  to  bi't'iik  up 
V  oil  till'  |ii)iiit 
\i  lifiml  of  ii. 

,  III  I'Mnlissuill, 
n  liilliM'lf  Cdll- 
tWIl    tl'ct'S  iiImI 

incuts   (if    his 
ny  yen  IS  n.uo 
I  a   tl:iy    I  hull 

and  :ii(h>i|  in 
i;;lnli  Avt'liilc. 
tl.l'   StOIU'M    fol* 

Tt'ssdi'  ill  this 
Ills  l>y  (he  1111- 
iio  (lischiH>Lt'(l 


•(  iiiitlili'"''  wllilcrtii'"". 
riiMl  HI  ir  Iriils  |iiiin- 
iiiiiv  Miiiiiil:ilii>  hIiIi  II 
a  ('IMI|ll<'  of  lliil  Imi.-iN. 
il  llii'lr  liiml<  mill  Innk 

1^  Viilliv  Hllli  III!'  riiiik 
till'  Siirlil)  of  .Il -11", 
,     Atuiiii','  111  fouiiitir.i 


Th"  nish.ipsof  iht'rMll»'.lSiaf«'<*.  n«H»'Mil»h'<l  i«t  tlu'CoiUHJI 
f.r  Halriiiini*.  ill  IMMM.  ruiill.h'.l  iIm-  lii-liah  missluiiH  uf  tli.> 
riiii.Ml  Siai.s  In  III.'  Faih.'is  ..r  iIm'  Surh-ty  ..r  .l.-^iis  ;  ami 
I-'aih-i  ht'  Siii.'i.  In  hi-^  ni'iil  j.'v.  was  st'iit.  in  IKIU.  lu 
|'..i!ii*l  11  mission  iimoim  ili.-  I'oilawalomi.'s  on  Siipir  Ti.-fk. 
Ill'  lu'uaii  his  lal»ois  uilh  l\\««  .•omi.aiiioiis,  A  lililc  <li!i|..| 
Huoii  nio,..  ill  III.'  wil.l.iii.'^-.  nil. I  lM-i.|.'  it  stoo.l  lli.'  |..u'  huts 
..r  til.'  ml-isioiiaii.'s.  It  was  a  li.-hl  ol'  I. .11,  noH^.'s,  ami  jnl- 
»ati..iiH.  A  s.h....l  was  opi-m-il.  ami  It  was  mooii  nnw.l.'.l, 
M  my  w.'iv  bapti/,.'.!.  an. I  .'V.-n  th.-  sirk  w.'i.-  ran  i.-.l  for  mil»'H 
t.>  Im'.'|ii..II.'.1  in  th.'  llo.U  ..f  iIm-  uivat  HIiM-ku'owii. 

Ill  a  l.'ii.'i.  uiiii.'ii  in  III.'  siimm»'i' of  ISMS,'  to  tin'  I/mIv 
Siipi'iioi«'HS  nf  a  i-liuloiis  instiiiitioii  at  his  iiiitiv*'  pla.'.', 
l-'athfi*  h.'Sim'tsays:  ••  I  iv.-.'iv.'.l  ymir  L'tL-rof  Man  h  i:»tl'. 
All  vom-  ('011111111111^11...^  Miv.'  im'^zirat  pl.asiii.' ami  mn.li 
.•..n«.'..Iati..n.  I  .lo  nof  r..i«.'t  my  naiiv.-  phic-.  ('..iitiim". 
tli.'i.'1'..ri',  t.t  s.'ml  III.' v.'iy  I'l.'.pi.'iitly  th.-  most  miniitp  «|.'- 

t„i|s Yon,  no  .|..iil»(..'X|»'<'Mi  lilil.' I'.'cilai  I'l'om  IIm« 

(l.-pthsof  ..nr  wil.l.'rii.'ss.     WrII,  1  will  .'xhil.it  v..ii  ih.-  W'M 

aii.l  tlit>  shall.'. 

'•Kirsi,  I  must  t.'ll  yon  tlh'irivat  L.^s  that  w.- ••xp.'rl.'iic.'d 
townnls  tin- .-ml  of  April.  Our  Snp»'roir  s.-iit  iis  I'roiii  St. 
I/.nis,  K..o(ls  lo  III.'  amount  ol"  Ar.oo.  in  oriiani.'iiis  for  tlio 
chiiivh  a  talM'rna.'l.'.  a  l>.'ll.  ami  provisions  ami  doth.'s  for 
a  y.'ar.  l''or  a  loni.r  tim.'  I  ha. I  L.-.-n  wilhoiP  sho.'s,  ami  rr..iu 
Kast.'r  wi'  \v.'rr(h'siitiit.'..r  snppli.'s.  All  tin-  l»..ttawatomio 
nation  were  MiilV.'rinu'  fr..ni  s.-arcity.  ha\  inu"  only  acorns  ami 
a  few  wilil  roi>ts  for  ili.'ir  wIh'I.'  sloi-k  of  food. 

•'At  last,  al.oni  th.'-JiMhof  April,  th.'y  anm.nm'.'il  to  nsfhar 
the  nim-h  il.'sin-il  hoat  was  approa.'hiiiu'.  Aliva.ly  we  saw 
it  from  th.'liiuhesi  ..f  mir  hills.     I  prociire-l.  withoni  d.-lay, 


»«.  llif  olrliraiiMl  In.llixi  ii.l"l...mr.v,  I-"i.iI..t  !•.•  Smn,  «t...  Ii-lpnl  n.  I'uiM  ii  "Hl.  hi-  ..».. 
Imml..  luiil  will.  «.i.  IIH  llr-l  friM-iir.  r.  Il  i.n-.-i-  mi  .•M.ll.nt  Ii''- 'O  "f  I'' ■'""  >"l"»"'-.  " 
nimi'li'l"  l.lill.....|,>,li;iil  iiml  ilirnii.  al  iiiiinirmil-.  Mini  a  '  aliuilil.'  mil-  imimi,     TI lal  nnniliir  .,r  III.- 


trrailiial.- I«-,'I1;  iirrMiii  niiiiilHr  ..f  M.i.l.  in-.  .IVI;  and  |,r..r.-M,.-,  IV.     Aiihmil' ii- |ir.if.--..i-- M 

Iho  liar.inl  mill  ani.in|.ll-l..il  IJ-v.  Wall.r  II.  Hill.  S  ,1..  ai.ll.i.r  nf  tlir  I«m  1 .•■iHl'.ll''  ''••■;";'-' 

i,n"I,i...'l.'ai..Mi...ii.ral  Milnpli. -I.-."  ami  "  K.liU-,  or  M-ral  PHI .i-liy."  lu  III.'   l-...'.'li.li  Ian- 

L-uam'     \Vo«ariiilv.i.inniiiiil  lli.—  .A..'ll.iil  «<'ik«  t'>  all  CalliMlli-  .tmli'iil-.    TI..'  ">■*';''••• 
K.'II.T,  X.I  .  U  lT.-iil.iit  or  Mil'  nilv.r-iiy.-  //i.^i;-/  of  Ih,   Ctlholk  lliunlt.  In  t/l>/  L"iM 


titalni. 


I  It  l»  tlBtfil,  "StilioiKifth*  iWaualumUt,  ^11.  Joftph,  July,  l»a»." 


\ 


8!W 


mirrn  rKTun  .:on\  pk  >,vrr.  /»/ 


trt'onirfHiiiK)  in  noiucIi  of  our  InimrMifi'.  I  iva«'ln'«l  ili.-n. 
ill  limit  lo  wllii  '»H  II  vi»ry  mu\  >ti({|ii,  TIm*  \vHnv\  Ittul  Hirm  k 
oil  II  Hiiuv»T,'  viix  |>l«  ri'Mil,  .iiiil  iii|.Ii|l\  >.|iiKlii',f  ill  i|i)<  \vini'«». 

No  |ivr«.  \\i'H>  |(.4f.        ,    .      Of  out    rnt'(t«..    lolll    |||tii|i\   \\t>nt 

MIVImI       a     )'|(>||;;||,    II    MilW,    II    pltilof    iHMltHlllnl   NOtllf    ui||l>, 

••  |*»'OV|i|lll  '  •  W.H  Hflll  fllVOIilltlf  to  lis.  Willi  t||l>  jit'jliof 
rill'  ptnirjtil.    \Vi«  WtM'f  ••ll;|l>|fi|   Id  |i|;|||t    II    ||||i;i'    lifld    (if   rujll. 

It  \uiH  ilii>  si'ituii  fur  fill  Tow  illy:.  \\'«'  iiif  iislim  ihc  miikI 
hi  hiiild  II  hi>ttM|'  ||(iiisi>  tiliil  to  <  iiliilUM  oiir  <'||iii<||,  iilifiiily 
loo  siiiiill.  Willi  my  IiooIh.  I  ciiii  NMilU  in  lln*  wooijs  mitt 
J»l'llllii"4  willioiit  |'i';i|-  (if  hfitiK  Itillrii  Ity  lilt'  ,Hi'i|M'htH  tlmt 
llll'ollu:    til  •!'.'.       All  I     till'    will)'    piTlilils    IIS    lu    oDiT    In    <mm| 

cvrry  (liiy  tin*  must  Holy  Siifiilin'  uf  ilii>  Muss  a  |i!iiiri|i|(> 
tli:ii  Ii'dI  h  >;>ti  )l 'iiii' I  iisiliit'iiiu  a  loimtim«>.  Wi',  tli<'ri>furp. 
i')>liiiiii>i|  with  i-uitrii^)<  nml  it'si^iialiun  to  ihc  nrnins  iitnl 
luuts  iiMtil  tlif  M'lili  uf  May.  That  .lay  ami  I  la-  hual  ar 
ii\i'<|.  Us  that  .samt' sh-amt'i'  I  itTfivfil  m-ws  from  yuii,  us 
wt'lliisiilt'ttcrfiMii  my  fuiully,  anl  I'loai  Hifpioil  CariiK-liii' 
Siipt'iiui'. 

••Our  ooniirnirntton  nlifaily  nmoiitits  fu  nltont  thvoo  tmn- 
dit'd.  At  Ivish-r  \vt'  had  llfly  caii'litl  iii's  I'ur  l-'irsi  ('ummiiii- 
iuii.  F  rtM'uiimit'ml  to  your  prayi-rs,  in  a  very  special  maiiniT. 
Ill '-ti-  pi)  ir  laliiins,  that  they  m  i\  maintain  tlii'ir  fVivur. 
Tilt'  <l  iM,'i'rs  anl  sciiinlals  wliich  siiiruniiil  iIh'Iii  aif  vny 
jrivit.  I  rcnnrUi'd,  in  a  pit'ccdinu;  Iciffr.  thai  um-  of  ijic 
principal  olMlai'lt'i  to  Ihi'  convt'i.siun  of  lh»*  savaircs  is  drink- 
inir.     Tilt'  iast  boat  l)ron<;'ht  them  a  (piantity  of  litpiurs. 

••Already  funrtfcn  am  "'.^  fht'iii  art' ciii  to  pii-fps  in  this 
1nr');iri»UH  maniii'i',  ami  art- th-atl.  A  fatlicr  si'i/.t'd  his  own 
chiltl  liv  Ihi'  li'irs  and  (•nishcd  it.  in  the  prfM-ncf  uf  its 
niutlii'r,  by  dashiiiy:  it  a^'ainst  iIk'  post  uf  his  luduf.  Twu 
olhi'r-i  most  cnit'lly  iininlcn'tl  an  Indian  woman,  a  iit'ii.dil»or 
of  oiiiN,  ami  lilt'  inothtT  of  four  chiltlivti. 

"  Wc  livt!  in  Ilif  midst  of  ihf   most  dis^instin^  Mct'iios. 


>  Siwyrr  \»  tlip  iiiiiiic  itivi'ii  til  a  trco  wlilcli,  hi'lni;  iinilirniiiicil  liv  ^i  I'lirnut  of  wiitcr,  hihI  fill 
line  Into  Iho  "Iri'ftni,  lie"  Titt  liy  the  root",  with  lln  limiiilii'*  riickliiij  iilmvc  iinil  l/i-low  llii'  mrfiici' 
iif  ihi'  wutiT,  Willi  tilt-  fliictuiitiuim  of  the  currviit  of  the  atrcuiii,  fruni  which  niutiuii  thv  immv  l« 
dcrlvid.  - HVWcr. 


l«'iirli«>il   tln'ii* 

Mi'l  Ittiil  NtriiiK 

U  iti  fill'  Wll\.<.. 
II'  III  tii'h'N   WiU'U 

^Mlllf    Uilll', 

illi  III)*  ht'liMif 

•  llt'lil   (if  ruin. 

loiiiu:  ilic  Miiitl 
liimli,  iilifinlv 
till'  \V(t(M|s  iiikI 

'    N«'l'|M'|»fH     tllJll 

>  iiiri'i'  t)t  (iiiii 

>t»4    a  |iiiM<'i|i|c 
\N'»',  tli('i»'f(irt», 

III'    IICMl'IIM     lllltl 

il  tlif  liM.'it  iir- 
s  I'rniii  yuii,  its 
tfooil  ('ill  III  I'M  tt» 

f»nf  tlivt'o  tmu- 
l''iist  ('iiiiiiiiiiii. 

l|MM'i:||    IIIMIIIII'I', 

II  llH'ir  ffrvdr. 
till-Ill  lilt"  Vfiy 

llllt    o||i>   of    tllt> 

iMiirt's  isdrinU. 
Ill"  li(|ii(»rH. 
t  piiMM's  ill  (liis 

sci/t'll     llis    (IW  II 

trcsciicr  nf  its 
is    indiiC       T\M> 

nil.  il  iii'i<;lil)(ir 
justing  scenes. 


rnnt  of  wiilcr,  itml  fill- 
vc  mill  hi'low  llii'  mrfiu'i' 
IcU  iiiutluii  the  iiamv  I* 


/M niKit  pt:n:ii  ./'>//>  /*/.'  ".Vff?*.  hj. 


tm 


Tli>»  piMnlim  uf  ili«*  wivoK'''^  f'"*  '•fi'"iti  ililiiK  h  lrin»n«'»'lvnh!i», 
TIm\v  tflvf  liorsf^,  l)lniik»'iH.  ill,  In  u  «'m<I.  f<»  Imve  u  lifiln 
of  tlii-*  Itiiil  ill/.lnu  lit|iil<l.  TiM'ii'  •Inuilifiiiifis  uiily  «••'!»•««••« 
Nvli  Ml  ilM-y  II  iv.«  noliiiitf  nnu-M  lt»  diiiiU.  S.ihh' of  mir  «•••». 
plivl*"*  linvM  nni  lM'»"n  iibleio  wnisi  tlih  ifiilhli*  torieni.  nntl 
ii!iv*«  iillnvvt'l  flifiiHelveH  to  b'  Umwn  liitn  I*.  I  xM'oi"  !in 
»»:i  M'i  'til'  It'Mi'i*  til  fh  •  K  >*■''''» iti  "»t  ii'4;iiiM'  til'""'  III*  iiiiliiatth' 
trulii 'U'TH.  .loin  yiHir  piayt'^H  itH>iii«'lV"ii<»  lit  ul»iain  Ti'iin 
lieavrn  III.' e.'Htatliin  of  rlih  I'liuhrrnl  nniinii'iee,  wlileli  l<<ln 
evory  way  lli»«  eiirH*'  of  the  sava^ex. 

"i  viift  til.'  IiiiUiui«>  in  ilM'it  wluvvanit.  rlflMT  iis  inh««lnn' 
iiry.  If  rli  'y  are  (lis|>  m  -d  lu  lUieii  tu  m  •.  or  ii<»  pliv  Hielan.  fo 
we  tlieir  tiek.  Wlieii  I  lliid  a  llttl.'  rliild  in  \i\vi\\  ilaiij,'.-!-, 
and  I  pt'iri'ive  that  the  |i;iivnts  have  iio  di-nii*'  to  Im'iii'  the 
Wuid  of  (Jod.  I  >*|iri'ad  out  my  viiih.  I  i.m  otniie'iid  my 
liM'dielnes  sli'onuly.  1  til><l  iKithc  the  ehild  uitli  li  little 
eaiii|tlior;  iIu'Ii,  taUiiiK  ^'Hiie  baptiHtnal  water.  I  l>a|»ti/e  ir» 
without  tlii'ir  HiispeeiiiiK  it  niid  tliiis  I  havf  opmed  ilif 
j^at"  of  llt'ivi'ii  to  ajxieat  nniiilti'r,  iiolw  ilhstaiidlnjr  tin- wih'S 
of  Ih'II  to  himlt'i-  them  fioiii  rati  rinu'. 

Two  yciirs  aftt-r  this  a  Mtill  widt-r  Mold  was  opiiii-rl.  'I'lie 
Klatht'iidHof  the  HoeUy  Mountains.  uiiiniiiK  ti  Unowhdp'of 
the  Kaith  from  .Hdiin'Catholie  iimpini?-,  \>lio  had  \Miiid<'ii'il  to 
till'  country,  sent  tliii'e  sncci'ssjvi'  emliassifs  tn  tin-  HiHlmp  of 
St.  JiOiiis  to  hi'v,'  for  a  lilackuown.  'I'lif  Mi>li<ip  n-ri'iitMl 
thi'iii  t(i  till'  i'rovincial  of  ilii>  .lesiiits  at  tin-  rnivt'i'sily;  Imt 
so  unexpected  was  the  visit  that  th"  l-'aila-i  l*rj»viiicial  IVlt 
I'lnliarrasst'd. 

l-'atlli'l'  p.'  Slliet,  however,  bi'ifiri'd  In  lie  [tellliitti'd  to  la- 
Itor  for  tilt'  salvation  of  these  po(»r  cieafiires.  Wln-n  tlieex- 
pt'iises  wer»'  mentioned  as  somewhat  of  an  oltstadr.  the 
^nt'iit  heart  I'd  missionary  destroyed  tin-  nlijiTiioii  l»y  exilMim 
iiiir:  "  I  will  K'"'  •>'<'""'^ '^1'*""  m.v  home  my  friends.  Only 
let  me  p»  '•>  fl'«'  rescue  of  these  poor  Indians,  and  assuredly 
siilllcient  means  will  soon  come  from  l-airope  I" 

Mis  wish  was  ^Maiited.  and  on  the  ;Mth  of  April.  !8K\  Pe 
Stnet  started  on  his  siihlinie  mission,  in  company  with  th« 
aiuiuul  cumvuii  of  the  Aniericuii  Fur  Comi)any.    IIu  reacUed 


840 


IWrilKU  VKTEU  JOllS  DE  SMHT,  S.I. 


\ 


his,  (Icsiinntion,  and  at  t he  dost' (.1"  tin*  iirst  day  2,000  Tn- 
diaiis  as«»*inl)l«'d  lu'foif  liis  lent  to  ivcitc  their  piavt'i's  in 
rointnoii.'  Tiie  Ijords  pijiyt'i',"  the  Cirt  d.  and  tiir  Coni- 
niandin<'nts  wnf  (lanslatt'd  with  tlic  aid  i>i"  an  inti-ii  ivici'. 
Two  wi'clxs  pissi'il.  and  iii<' l-'lallicads  k\\v\\  liu'ir  itiayt-is. 

In  An.uiist,  KatiitT  Dc  Snict  set  i»ut  I'or  St.  lionis  to  ic- 
jtoi't  the  slate  ol'  alfairs.     Wliile  jonrneyin^-  alonji' >lie  liacli- 
h»sv>  nnite,  liiniscli'  ami  lii^t  coniitanions  wen'  sniroiinded  hy 
a  war-party  »»f  IMaclvl'eet.     "  Wlio  areyon  f '  (h'liianded  tl.e 
I'liiel"  of  tile  hand,  as  he  ■•y«'d  I)e  Sniel's  eassock  and  j>litter- 
inii  nneilix.     "He  is  a  l)Ia('liiL';own,''  said  one  of  the  travel- 
leis;  "  he  is  a  man  who  siieaks  to  the  (iieat  Spirit. "     And 
those  savages,   tiie  terror  of  tlie  wilderness,   sliowed  liini 
every  liindness.     The  j^reat  missionary  piirsned  Ids  way  in 
peace,  and  a  warm  weh'<tnu^  j^reeted  his  arrival  at  St.  lionis. 
In   the  sprin^^  of    1841,   Father   De   Smet,  aceompained 
by  a  band  of  Jesuit  Fathers,  a«?ain  set  ont  for  his  Kocky 
^ionnlai.n  Flatlieads.     llis  anival  made   every  heart  wild 
with  joy.     The  tribe  was  m)W  to  select  a  pennanent  resi- 
dence, and  liitter-root  River  was  the  site  chosen,     lleie  a 
Cliristian   villnj;e  was  founded,   thevross  jdanted,  and  the 
mission  of  St.  >hiry"s  be^iinon  Rosary  Snnday.     Xever  was 
there  a  more  willin<^  jieople. 

Father  De  Smet  had  now  fairly  established  that  personal 
ascendency  over  tlie  dnsky  roamers  of  the  West,  which,  as 
the  (JreatBlacku'own,  he  retained  thronj,diont  his  long  life. 
And  yet,  let  no  one  imagine  that  his  jtatlnvay  was  so 
smooth  imd  snccessfnl  that  he  met  with  no  difficnlties.  It 
was  all  hard,  np  hill  work.  There  were  superstitions  to  era- 
dicate, medicine-men  to  encounter,  barbaious  languages  to 
learn,  tliousandsof  miles  to  travel,  unheard-of  fatigues  to  un- 


1  F.itlicr  Dc  SiiK  t.  Il(■,^^■(•^c■r.  w:i-  not  111.'  Ilr-t  ini->i<)iiary  in  OrriiDn.  Dr.  Illiindict,  now  the 
vcncratili'  AnliliNlio])  of  Oicu'on  Cilv,  lici'iin  to  lalior  in  lliat  wilil  rcu'ion  as  early  as  IHIIH.  S.  ,■ 
"  Popular  Hist,  of  the  Catliollc  Chiirdi  in  the  U.  S.,-  p.  ,V,IJ,aiui  Shoa'd  "  Catholic  Misi-ioiiH.,"  p. 
470. 
'  The  l.nril's  Pjaver,  nrrorilitiL'  to  Father  De  Sinel.  is  as  follows  in  the  Flathead  lanu'iinsie: 
"Kvle-e-ou  llehileheniask  nskwe^t  kowakshanienshem.  >e-elslyloo-.  Entziezie  telletzil 
8poeoez  \s-iiilails  ve-elstoloc-  etza-eel  lleliiteheinask.  Kooi,'«  itzelt  yetlili,'wa  lok-aitsiapetziiiem 
Kownekswefinillem  klotaive  klolstskwen  etzn^eel  kailskolt-welem  klotaftvc  kloiMskwem  klieli 
ki locg  koayalokbhiltm  takuekskweutcm  Wotay  j  kowaeksgwcoltcm  kloiayc,    Uotnicciiscisall. 


r. 

(lay  2,000  Tn- 
t'ir  piiivfrs  in 
mid  iIm'  Com- 
II   inti'ii  rricr. 
u'ii'  piiiyt'is. 
.  Louis  to  i»'- 
loiifi'  >li«'  li'iick- 
■iiiir<imi(I('(l  by 
(It'iiiiiinlfd  \\m 
I'k  iiiid  <;rui<'r- 
■  (»f  the  ti'iiv«'l- 
Spiiit."     And 
,   sliowcd  liiiu 
umI  Ids  uiiy  ill 
il  at  St.  liOiiis. 
,  acfoiiipidiicil 
for  Ids  Kocky 
M'V  heart   \\ild 
ernianent  resi- 
losen.     llt'iv  a 
anted,  and  tliH 
ly.     Xever  was 

L  tliat  personal 
rest,  wldcli,  as 
It  Ids  long  life. 
\tliway  was  so 
diffieidties.  It 
rstitions  to  era- 
s  languages  to 
[fatigues  to  un- 

T)r.  liliini'hct,  tidw  the 
11  as  early  as  1h:W.  S.  .■ 
'•  C'atbolicMissioiiH.,"  p. 

[>  Fliitlu'ad  Iniiiriinsi': 
1)^'.      Entzifzio  ti'llitzil 
ilnwa  lok-altsiaiutziiR'ni 
aayo  kloii'li'V;wpm  kliils 
aye.    Koniit'cucijail." 


F.\Tni:it  rirrHii  .ions  />/•;  s-.v/"/".  >  i- 


U\ 


dorgo.  dangers  fmin  wild  beasts  and  Xin...  wandeiin-  sav- 
au»'H  scarcely  less  wild.  . 

The  task  of   leaiMlinu  even  nl,r  lllde    diale.'t  was  III  lls-ll    ,1 

uoikthat  .v.iuiivdann/.iiig  patience  and  no  eumn.oi,  talent.^ 
(Ml  this  point,  rather  .loMM.  S..I..  an  exp.Mi.-.iced  nnss|o:,ar> 
in  the  same  lield.  wrote,  inl.sv.':   -  The  lang.iage  is  ilie  g.eal- 
,>st  dilhcultv.     One  must  h.ain  it  as  best  he  <an       I  lyre   is 
l,o  writt.-n  laimuage.  there  are  no  interpreters,  there  is  \er> 
littleaindogv  with  other  tongues.     The  pronunciation  isveiN 
harsh,  the  furn  of  thought  is  entirely  <lilVereiit    Iron,  o.irs^ 
Thev  have  n.»  abstract  i.h-as,  everything  is  coi.cieie.     An. 
^^ith  these  elements  it  is  necessary  to  create  a  religious,  and 
,.v,.n  spiritual,  phraseology;  for  the  savages  know  nothing 

that  is  not  material. 

-niavel).rn  lure  nearly  nrteen  y.-ars.  1  am  not  y;  "las- 
t.r  of  the  lan-ii  i-e.  and  am  far  from  llattering  mysell  with 
the  hope  of  becoming  so.  My  cate<diist  irmarked  to  me  the 
„tl,,.,.  ih.v.  'Vou  pronoiuice  like  a  .-hild  h-aniing  to  talk 
When  vou  sp.'ak  <.f  religion,  we  understand  you  well  ;  but 
when  vou  change  the  subje.-t,  it  is  am.tl.er  thing.  1  hat  is 
all  1  want.  1  have,  at  last,  succee.le<l  in  translating  the  cate- 
chism. I  think  it  is  nearly  correct.  You  can  hardly  im- 
agine what  it  cost  me  to  do  it.  1  have  been  constantly  at 
work  at  it  since  my  arrival  here."'  ^ 

But  the  noble  l»e  Sinet  always  rose  superior  to  the  i)enls 
and  ditru-ulties  of  his  position.     On  again  r(>aching  the  city 
of  St  Louis,  he,  in  council  with  his  sui.eriors,  plaimed  a  sys- 
trni  of  miss'ons,  and  devoted  his  life  to  the  work  of  carrying 
it  out      To  elTect  this  uvaiid  object  he  was  in  continual  move- 
iH.mt      One  vear  he  would  set  out  for  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
visit  new  tribes,  prepare  the  way  for  a  mission  ;  and  when  the 
.Jesuit  Fathers  betian  ])ernuinent  labors,  he  would  pass  to  olli- 
ers  already  established,  where  he  would  see  many  a  familiar 
fa."e,  and  receive  many  a  warm  greeting.   Then  he  would  plod 
his  way  back  to  St.  Louis,  over  trackless  wilds,  rough  rock>-, 
rushing  rivers,  and  often  through  tribes  of  hostile  savages  will 
brandished  tomahawks,  whom  he  would  disarm  by  the  majesty 
of  his  presence,  and  by  words  of  peace  and  gentleness. 


^ 


im 


iwniHii  I'hThii  ,1011  s  in-:  s.]f/:j\  s. ,/. 


At  St  L«»uis  tluTiv would  hv  little  ivst.  I{«>s(»tim's  w.mo 
nct'lfil  for  tlic  missions.  lint,  mit'ortiiiintfly.  the  Ciiiiioiics 
of  tilt'  liiitt'd  Stalt's  hiivc  iil'.v;tys  shown  Mttlf  inii-n-st  in  iln< 
Iniliiin  missions,  and  done  liiilc  to  clitfinnd  Mijiport  the 
dt'voffd  prifsts  lahoiinu;  on  tliem.  'I'..  Hnidiie,  :ind  cspH- 
cially  to  his  native  M.duinm.  Father  |)r  Smct  was  ohjiuvd  to 
look  forthcnuccs.sai'y  mt-ans.  lie  even  visited  iivlatid.  win  iv 
liis  fame  had  preceded  him,  and  took  jtait  in  one  of  the 
l?epeal  meetings,  ridini;  in  the  same  cania.ire  with  l>aniel 
O'Connell  and  Hishoj)  llnuhes.  Thus.  I>y  Insown  personal 
exertions,  he  raised  thousands  of  dollars  to  carry  on  his 
great  work.  In  \S')',),  his  united  journeys  represented  an 
extent  of  land  and  water  suri»assin^' yZ/v  /imt.s'  Ihc  virciim- 
f I- )•(')(<•(■  (if  Ihr  <ilithv .' 

Did  space  i)erndt,  how  many  ]>Ieasin,u' incidents  mi«rht  lie 
related!  His  beautiful  letters  ar.-  full  of  them.  \\  one 
time  it  is  a  vivid  <h'scrii)tion  of  a  moscpnto  attack  airainst 
tlie  cond)ined  force  of  branches,  handkerchiefs,  and  smoke 
of  his  pai-ty.  On  another,  it  is  the  roarin<,^  of  bears  and 
wild  ])easts  at  the  sif-iit  of  the  camp  Jires  at  nl.uht.  Then, 
it  is  a  learned  disquisition  on  the  ^('(.loirical  peculiarities  of  a 
country -on  its  flowers,  lurds,  or  minerals.  Or,  still  a.iiain, 
it  is  some  Indian  scenes  of  horror,  novelty,  or  edification. 

On  one  occasion  he  was  givin*;  instruction  on  tlie  Ten  Com- 
mandments in  the  camj)  of  a  Sioux  tribe.  '•  When  I  ar- 
rived," he  writes,  "at  tl»e  Sixth  and  Seventh  Commandments, 
a  p'neral  whisperinf;  and  endiarrassed  laugli  took  jdace 
among  my  barbarous  .auditory.  1  incpiired  the  reason  of  this 
c(mduct,  and  explained  to  them  that  the  law  1  came  to  an- 
nounce was  not  mine,  but  God's,  and  tliat  it  was  obligat(»ry 
on  all  the  children  of  men.  .  .  .  The  great  chief  at  once  antse, 
and  leplied :  '  Father,  we  hear  thee.  We  know  not  tlie 
words  of  the  Great  Spirit,  and  we  acknowledge  our  ignor- 
ance. We  are  great  liars  and  thieves;  we  liave  killed;  we 
liave  done  evil  that  tlie  Great  Sjiirit  forbids  ns  to  do.  But 
we  did  not  know  tliose  beautiful  words.  In  future,  we  wil] 
try  to  live  better,  if  thou  wilt  but  stay  with  us  and  teach 
us.' " 


I 


tlif  ('iiilmlics 
lU'iTst  ill  tin- 
Mljipoit  the 
••',  imd  «■-;])('- 
iiN  ohliucd  (() 
i'<'lini(l.  \\  li»  re 

II    <)}U-  (if    tlic 

with  l)iiiii«'l 
•Mil  [Hrscmjil 
cnrry  (ni  liis 
n'('s<'ii(c(l   iin 

.'  ///('  cilClllK- 

its  nii<:lit  1«' 
'111.     At  one 
tuck  iiiriiiiist 
,  and  smoke 
tf  bears  and 
i,i,dit.     Then, 
iliarities  of  u 
',  still  nuain, 
(lification. 
he  Ten  Coni- 
When   I  ar- 
mandnients, 
took  i»laee 
■ease >n  of  this 
came  to  an- 
is  obli^'atory 
t  once  arose, 
now  not  the 
!  onr  i^nior- 
e  killetl;  we 
to  do.     But 
^ure,  we  will 
IS  and  teach 


(MIAl'TKH   IT. 

Tur   rPFVT  1.1  MKOOWN    AS   .  IIM'I.MN    uV   TlIK   rNlTKL 
''       MVrKS    A,.MV>KNT    A..MNST    TMK     MOUMoN.. 

.      „v.       \n„nhi(rd  rJKtP^'i'H'   "1^'"'^''^    hint,  s   Ann  1/ 
ou  ti  plains  -S>,/H.is.von  of  th.  Mormons. 

MMu.  (;overnment  of  th.-  I'nited  States   whi.-h  ^^^^^^f^ 
,,oicvhas  never  favored  Catl.oli,-  nnssu.ns,  reco^ni  ed  thr 

H.anlain  in  the  expedition  to  Utah,  and  opened  a  neu  iuld 
,,f  missions  anl<.n^'  tlie  tribes  in  that  sectum. 
'^^;:  ;oll<>wi,..  h-tter  of  Fanner  De  Snu;t.  reconnt.n,  tie 
scenes  a.id  incidents  of  the  expedition  against  the  Mormons, 

is  full  ot  deep  interest. 

"St.  LoriP,  Nov.  1,1859. 

'' -RFVFUExn  Axnl>KAitFATiiKU.-Tnaccovdancewith  yonr 
reqnest,  I  procee.l  with  great  pleasnre  to  give  you  some  de- 
t'lils  of  mv  recent  journey  ".  .    ,     ,, 

'on  Uie  2i)t]i  olMav.18.>8.  T  set  out  from  St.  Loms  for  the 
western  porticm  of  North  An.erica,  and  after  an  ^^^^^^^^'f 
Zit  sixteen  months.  T  returned  to  the  point    f-m  wh-^^ 
I  set  out.  During  this  interval,  I  had  accompanied,  as  chap 
lain,  an  army  sent  out  by  the  United  States  agamst  the 


.^14 


TiiK  )fi>sT  iii:\;  .hiiis  //rm/Ks,  dp. 


MnIIll(>n«J  mill    tltf  s;|\;iir,.s.         I    propD'^C   |«>  ui\C  you    ■idlllC     tit' 

tiiils  (if  tliis  ddiilili'  i'.\|M'(liiii)ii. 

•'  Nut  tti  f;ilimi<'  y<iii.  I  will  fiitli'avdi'  to  In-  lirirf.  Al  ImsI. 
lluwt'Vfi.  ?iiy  liririMlivi'  will  till  ^<tl|||••  |i;iut>s.  ;is  my  i.miiI 
vdvnirt'  liiis  ln'cn  \('iy  loiitr.  It  cxcrfilcd  fifiM  n  ili(.ii>;,i;(| 
Mii.trlish  iiiiics,  nr  (Ivf  llioiisiiiKl  Ic-min-s.  I  |in.|it(M'.  rhfii.  to 
,t:iv»'  you  soiuf  ilftiiils  ill  rciriiiil  to  iIm-  tlilVricni  couniiifs  I 
li:iv(>  tnivt'r.^cd,  iiiid  the  soiis  I  liavc  <rossr(|.  and  of  my  \  i>if 
t<»  the  ?^!«vii^'«'  trilit's.niy  dt-iir  siiiiilua!  rjiihlivn  td'  llic  |{orky 
MouiitMiris.  111.'  ('u'nrd'Ah'iit's.  Kalispfls.  I'ruds-d'Oivilirs. 
Flatlit'ads.  and  Kocicnays  ;  of  my  ,s|ay  aiiioiiLr  I  lie  dill't'ifUt 
trilit's  of  till'  (in-ai  Plains  of  tlif  Ijiimt  Missouri,  and  nf  iIh- 
luanniT  in  wliicli  uiy  time  wassiu-iit  in  Iht'anny  of  tlid  nidd 
Statt's.  iiniualily  of  cliaiilaiii.  andciivtty  »'Xti'ii<ii(liM:.iy  of  that 
(invcrnnii'nt.  'riicsc  details.  I  v»'ntur»' to  lioju'.will  not  lu-witli- 
oiii  inti'irst  for  you.  and  they  will  form  tlic  sulijt'ct  of  my 
littlf  ski'tch. 

'•Sevj'i-al  yoaiM  liavf  passed,  sine*'  the  M(»rmoiis.  that  tn- 
rjlilt'  sect  of  modtTii  fanatics,  flyini,'  from  civilization,  sct- 
fli'd  in  llu'  mitlst  ol  an  uniidialiitcd  wildcrm'ss.  With 
hearts  full  of  hate  and  liitterncss.  they  m'V«'r  ccavcd.  on 
every  occasion  which  pn'sentcd  itself,  to  auitate  the  coiii! 
trv.  provoke  the  iiiliabitants.  and  commit  acts  of  roMvrv 
and  murder  airainst  many  travellers  and  adventurers  from 
the  rnited  States. 

'•  In  September.  isr»7.  one  hundred  and  twenty  einiirran Is 
from  Arkansas,  men,  woticn.  and  children,  are  said  to  have 
Iteeii  lioiriMy  massai-red  by  the  Mormons,  in  a  ](lace  called 
the  Mountain  Meadows.  These  fanatics  never  ceased  to  defy 
«the  (Jovernmenf.  and  announced  that  tlie  day  liad  arrived 
to  aven.ire  the  deatli  of  their  piopliet.  .Fosejih,  and  his 
})rotlier.  and  to  retaliate  the  wron^rs  and  acts  of  injustice 
and  crueltv<»f  wliicli  thev  iiretended  to  have  been  the  victims 
in  the  States  of  Missouri  and  niinois.  whence  lliey  had 
been  forcibly  expelled  by  the  inhabitants. 

"  On  two  different  occasions,  the  (Jovernorand  subaltern 
officers,  scni  by  the  President  of  tin'  I'nited  States,  had  met 
with  such  titrongopi»osition  from  the  Mo:  luons  in  the  attempt 


II  n. 

<•  you  SdiiK*   (Ic 

•  l>ri»r.  At  Ih>i. 
s,  lis  niv  in  (III 
liftt  t  n  ili(iii>i,i;i| 

irn]ins('.   flu'li.  t<» 

•lent  (•iiiiiii!i..s  I 
:iiiil  (if   iii\  \i>it 

• 

I'll  of  (lie  Korky 
'nids-d'Oivillrs. 
»ii,<;  III*'  (lill't'it'iit 
oiiii.  Mild  {<\'  ilic 
iiy  ol"  tile  I'Tiitfd 

InrdJliMV  ol'lllilt 

uill  iioi  li)>  uitii- 
('  Milijt'ct  of  my 

mioiis.  tliMt  tfi'- 
civili/iitidii.  sct- 
dniu'ss.  W'irli 
t'Vi'i"  (•♦'iis't'd.  o'i 
it!it»>  tli«'  ((fiin- 
icts  of  rultlicrv 
Ivfiitiiicrs  from 

vvi\\y  ('Tiiiiriiiiifs 
U'«»  said  to  li:»v<* 
1  a  ](lac<'  callt'd 
r  ceased  to  defy 
lay  liad  ariive<l 
lo.sejdi,  and  Ids 
«'ts  of  injustice 
heeii  tlie  victiniH 
eiice    lliey    liad 

T  and  subaltern 
States,  had  riier 
IS  ill  the  attempt 


F.vniKn  pi:n:n  •/'»// v  di:  smi:t,  >  ./. 


m 


tMacc(»mi.lislillieir  ivsi.eciivediiiie-..  that  tli.'y  were  forced 
lo  (|iiit    tile  'I'eiTiloi-y   of   liali.  au.lio  ret  mil  to  lay  tlieir 

coliiplaillls  Lelole  IIk'  IMoideiil.      Coll-less  resolved  to  send 

n  lliird  ,u;"»vernor.  accompanied,  iliis  lime.  l»y  two  thousand 
soldiers,  who  were  to  Ite  followed  l.y  fioiii  two  to  four  thou- 
sand «.iliers  in  the  following  si»rinii'  of  1.^""^.  I  accompanied 
this  last-nam»'d  expedition.  On  the  i:)th  of  May,  is;!.-^,  lli'' 
Minister  of  War  wrote  to  me  as  follows  :  - 

••  'The  rresideiit  is  deNilollS  to  elina^ie  yoii  lo:itt«MKl  tlio 
sirmy  for  liah,  to  olliciate  as  chaplain.  In  his  opinion 
\oiir  services  woiihl  l)e  impoitaiit.  in  many  i.-prcts,  to  the 
pul.lic  inli'i-esl.  particularly  in  the  present  condition  of  our 
alVairs  in  I'tali.  llaviiiu^  s(.iu;hl  information  us  to  the 
proi>er  i»ersoii  to  l-f  tiiusemploy.Ml,  Ids  attention  hiis  been  di- 
rected  to  yon.  and  he  has  instructed  me  to  a«hlress  v(»u  on 
the  subject,  ill  t!ie  hope  that  you  may  consider  it  not  incom- 
patible with  your  clerical  duties  or  your  personal  IVelings  to 
yield  to  his  reipiest.'  etr. 

'•The  Uevereiid  Fat  her  I'loviiicial,  and  all  the  other  nm- 
sultors,  consider ini;-  th«' <'ircumstances,  exiiress«'d  themselves 
in  favor  <»f  my  a<'ci'ptiii,u'.  1  immediately  set  out  for  l''ort  Lea- 
venworth, Kansas  Territory,  to  join  the  army  at  that  point. 
On  the  very  daycd"  my  arrival, 1  took  my  place  in  the  Seventh 
He<iiinent.  <'omi»osed  of  ei<,dit  hiimlred  men,  under  the  ccm- 
niand  of  the  excellent  Colonel  Morrison,  wlu.se  staff  was 
i'omposed  of  a  numerous  body  of  superior  ofTicers  o  f  the  line 
and  en^dneers.  (General  Harney,  the  eomniander-in-cliief, 
and  one  of  the  most  distin<j:uishe<l  and  most  valiant  generals 
of  the  I'nited  States,  with  great  courtesy,  installed  me  him- 
self in  my  iiost. 

••The  brave  colonel,  thonuh  a  Protestant,  thanked  him 
very  heartily.  -(teneral'  said  he.  '1  thon.i-ht  myself 
liiirhly  honored  when  intrusted  with  the  command  of  theen- 
uineers  ;  to  have  attached  to  my  command  a  representative 
of  the  ancient  and  veneiable  Church,  I  hold  as  an  additional 
favor.' 

"General  Harney  then  sh(K)k  hands  with  me,  with  ureat 
kindness,  ba(h>  me  welcome  to   the   army,  and   assured   me 


840 


FATHER  PETER  JOHN  DH  SMET.  S.J. 


that  I  should  l)<>  left  itrrftM-tly  fivr  in  Mi«'  oxtTcisi'  of  iriy  holy 
ministry  aiiKtnj;  th«' soUlit'is.  Ih*  kt'pt  his  word  most  loy- 
ally, and  in  ihis  he  was  sccoiKh'd  by  all  thu  oUlcfrs.  I»nr- 
inj,'  the  whoNi  tiin  •  that  1  wtis  amon^' thrm,  I  rii'vcr  met 
with  llu;  slij,'ht('st  <»l)staclt' in  the  dischar;;t' of  my  duties. 
Tht'soldi»'rs  had  always  free  a<'<'«'ss  to  my  lent  ftUMonfrssioa 
and  instruction.     I  had  fnciurnlly  th<>  consolation  of  cchv 

hratin^  the  Holy  Sacrili< f  th.*  Mass  early  in  the  morning, 

and  on  each  occasion  a  large  number  of  soldiers  devoutly 
approached  the  holy  tabl,-. 

"A  wo;\iortwoin  re«;ar(l  to  the  <haracterof  the  <(iuntries 
through  which  we  i»assed,  will. perhaps, be  agreeal>le  to  you.  I 
I'.'ftFort  Leavenworth  on  the  Istof.hine.  IS.'S.  in  the  Seventh 
Regiment,  commanded  by  the  woitliy  Colduel  Morris.m.  I 
had  an  opportunity  of  observing,  with  adndration,  the  ex- 
traordinary rai)idity  of  the  |>rogressof  <'ivili/,ation  in  Kansas. 
A  space  of  27(5  miles  was  already  in  gieat  part  occupied  by 
white  settlers.  No  further  back  than  IS.')],  at  the  time  of 
my  return  from  the  great  couiu-il,  held  on  the  borders  of  tlui 
Platte  or  Nebraska  river,  the  i)lains  of  Kansas  were  almost, 
entirely  without  inhabitants,  <-ontaining  oidya  lew  .scattered 
villages(»f  Indians,  living,  for  the  nu)st  part,  by  the  chase,  by 
fishing,  and  on  wild  fruits  and  roots. 

"But  eight  years  have  nuide  an  entire  change.  Many 
towns  and  viSlag«*s  have  sprung  up,  as  it  were,  by  eiu-hant- 
ment ;  forges  and  mills  of  evei  y  kind  are  already  v;'ry  nu- 
merous ;  extensive  and  beautiful  farms  have  been  established, 
in  all  directions,  with  extraordinary  rapidity  and  industry. 
The  face  of  the  country  is  entirely  changed.  In  ISM,  the 
anVlope,  the  wild  deer,  and  the  wild  goat  l)ounded  i«t 
liberty  over  these  extensive  ])lains,  nor  is  it  much  htnger  ago 
tliat,  these  fields  were  the  pasture  of  enormous  lierds  of 
buiTaloes ;  to-day  they  are  in  the  possession  of  nuuuMous 
droves  of  liorned  cattle,  she<'p  and  hogs,  horses  and  mules. 
The  fertile  soil  rewardsa  liundred-fctld,  the  labors  of  the  hus- 
bandman. Wheat,  corn,  l)arley.  oats,  tiax,  hem]),  all  sorts 
of  garden  stuff,  and  all  the  fruits  of  tlu'  temperate  /one,  are 
produced  there  in  abundance.     Emigration  tends  tliither, 


FATiiKii  rr.TKi:  .nms  />/•;  smi:i\  >  ./. 


»  of  Hiy  holy 
\  iiHKst  Uty. 
ceivs.  Diir- 
rn'V«'r  met 
my  (luti<'s. 
•  rcotifrssidU 
:ion  of  irln- 
lic  ni(iniiii^% 
rs  (It'vii'itly 

lie  roiintiies 
hit'  to  you.  [ 

I  tli('S«'v»'iith 
kl(»nis.in.  I 
ion,  tlu'  «'x- 
n  in  Kansas, 
occupied  l»y 

tiu'  MUH'  of 
(I'dt'i's  of  tli«^ 
were  almost 
t'w  8catt<  I'cd 
hechasi',  by 

npo.  Many 
by  cnchaiU- 
idy  wry  nn- 
cstabiislu'd, 
id  industry. 
In  ISM,  the 
hounded   ;>t 

II  lon^^ei'  ;i<ro 
us  lierds  of 
>f  iiumeroius 

and  mules. 
s  of  the  hus- 
ip,  all  sorts 
[ite  zone,  are 
nds  tliither, 


nnil  rninnierco  follows  In  its  tiwks,  aii-.l  arqulres  new  impor- 
tance every  ilay.  , 

"L..avenwo!th  is  the  pnnci|.:il  town  of  Kansas  rerrittn-y. 
It  contains  already  ahuiii  len  thousand  s(.uls,  thoii^di  it  liaa 
Hpruni;  int..  e.xistJnc.'  within  the  last  six  years.  It  is  beau- 
tifullyaml  advantageously  situated  on  the  Missouri  river 
It  has  u  lilshop,  two  Cathi.lic  churches,  a  convent  with  a 
boarding;  school  and  a  day  sdiocd.  'I'here  are  already  lifteeii 
chuivhes,  twenty-thi stations,  sixt»-eii  priests,  live  relig- 
ious c(mimunlti.?s,  ami  four  manual  labor  schools  for  t ho 
Osaj^e  and  I'ottawat<.mie  Indians,  which  are  unth-r  the  care 
of  our  Fathers  ami  Itelij^nous  Ladies  of  ditTeivut  orders. 

"Tlie«reaterp(ution.»ft  lie  Territory  is  not  thicl<ly  wooded. 
The  surface  of  the  country,  as  a  gem-ral  tiling,  is  rolliuKiimi 
well  adapted  to  agriculture  ;  it  is  not  unlike  the  ))illows  of  a 
vast  ocean,  suddenly  arrested  in  its  tlow  and  converted  into 
solid  land.  The  air  is  fresh  and  wholesome.  As  (.ne  rises 
with  the  «'le\ations  of  the  soil,  the  graceful  undulationof  tlm 
alternating' vale  and  hill  contrast  admirably  wiili  the  waving 
lines  of  walnut  trees,  oaks,  and  poi)lars,  whicli  mark  the 
course  of  each  little  river.  The  banks  of  each  stream  are 
generally  imuv  or  less  thickly  wooded.  We  ascended  the 
valley  of  the  I^ittle  Blue  fm-  three  days,  making  a  distance 
of  fifty-three  miles. 

"The  names  of  the  principal  plants  which  attract  the  atten- 
tion of  the  botanist  in  the  i.lains  of  Kan.sas,  are:  tlie  on- 
othera,  with  its  brilliant  yellow  flowers,  the  nmnrpha  and 
arlimi.sia,  the  comnirliim,  the  blue  and  i)nrple  lupin,  dif- 
ferent forms  and  species  of  cactus,  the  prath'scaiitia,  the 
luiinoxa,  and  the  white  iitii/ntlus. 

"The  waters  of  the  Little  Blue  are  left  at  a  distance  of  275 
miles  from  Fort  Ij<«aven worth.  Continuing  the  route  from 
that  ])oint,  you  cross  elevated  prairies  of  a  distance  (»f 
twenty-six  miles,  and  enter  the  great  valley  of  the  Nebraska 
or  Platte  river,  at  the  distance  of  Hfte(>n  miles  from  Fort 
Kearney.  This  river,  up  to  its  two  forks,  is  about  three 
thousand  yards  wide;  its  waters  are  yellowish  and  muddy  in 
the  spring  freshets,  and  resemble  those  of  tlir  Missouri  and 


'i 


HJM 


r.\rin:n  PKrrn  .mnx  />/;  sytET,  s.  j. 


till' MisHi^Hippij  it  innot  h«m1(>«>ji  uMtho^«(>^tl't•|||||M;  lis  nuh'titi 
is  \iiy  liipiil. 
'•  l''t>it  l\»'!HiH'y  Is  intlhT  Insiiriiiliciitit.    It  roiiHJMtsof  tliivc 

or  Inlir  I'lMIIH'  Imilscs  :ill(l  SCVfllll   IIIMiIi-    nf  Ct/u/n  \.   il    killtl    nl' 

fuaisi'  lnicU  liiiUffi  in  ilif  mmi,     'I'lif  <«ti\riiiiiiriii  liii>  :i  iiiili 
tiiry  |MtMt  tlitTP.  for  Uh'  iiniiiiiiiliiy  of  tln'  cninitiy,  iiml  lu 
)»r<»vi(l<'  for  fli»'  siil'tfty  of  linvi'llcrs  cro.ssiii^i  tlu'  dt'M'i  i   in  ^o 
to  Ciilifoiiiia,    Oivjfon,   siikI    tii«'   'rfnit.nit's  of    I  tali   jnni 
Wasliiiij^toii, 

"A  >.i''ut  lumiluTof  I'awiict'  lti<liaiis  wt-io  •■iiramjird  :.i  ;i 
liiilf  (listaiict'  I'ldiu  tli«'  Koit.  I  ('((Mil'  ncai-  witn»'.sMiii;,Mi  l>alll(* 
l)('t\\«'t'!i  tJH'iii  and  a  wai'iiaity  of  .\ia|ialio<'s,  wlio.  favoit-d 

ity  tlif  niulit,  liiiil  snc( (|«mI  ina|i]ii'n,icliin^' tlit>  ramiHii'srciu 

almost  forty  str(»nu'.  Tin'  I'awin't's  had  just  U'\  tln-ir  Imisfs 
l(ios«»  at  liiHak  of  <lay.  when  tlif  cMfniy,  witii  loud  crii's, 
nislicd  into  tin' di'ovf.  ami  caiiicd  away  inanv  Inimhcds  wiili 
tht'tn  at  fidlgiillop  The  alarm  imnM'diattly  spivad  tliron;:li- 
out  tin'  cami).  'I'Ik'  I'iiwnt'fs,  indill'trtnily  arnn-d  ami  al- 
most nakt'd,  riisln-d  to  dn'  pursnit  of  tin-  Arapahofs,  canulit 

iil»\vi!li   tln'Mi.  :iml  a  i-omhal  nmif  m»isy  iliaii  bl ly  took 

])lacf.  A  yon  ■'•-vvnct'  chii-f.  tin'  most  impi-tnons  uf  his 
l)aiid.  was  kilit-..  -•  (»f  his  companion  wounded.  TJm 

Arapahofs  lost  on.'  ar.d  miiny  wonmh'd. 

"  I)»'sir(»iis  to  sto  ml)iit,  I  hnrricd  to  tlm  soptip  of 

bntth' with  iiii  aid-dr-.-jonp  of  the  jii'iu-ral,  Imt  all  was  over 
wlh'ii  w.'  arriv.'d:  tin-  I'awm-.'s  w.-n-  rctiirniti^^  with  lli.'ir 
dead  and  woiind.'d  and  nil  the  stolen  h(.rses.  On  tli.'ir  re- 
turn to  camp.  nofhin«;waH  lip:ir<l  l-nt  cries  (d"  sorrow,  rajre, 
and  despair,  with  threats  and  vociferations  against  their 
pnendes.  It  was  a  harrowin<r  scene.  The  deceased  warrior 
was  decorated  and  painted  with  .-ill  the  marks  of  distinction 
of  a  .irreat  brave,  and  loaded  with  his  finest  oiiiametds.  They 
l)la('ed  him  in  the  <:rave,  annd  the  acclamations  andhimenta- 
tions  of  t]n»  whoh'  tribe. 

••The  next  day  the  I'awnee-Loups  invited  niP  to  their  canrj). 
I  jnund  there 'two  French  Creoles,  old  acquaintances  of 
mim'.  of  the  Hocky  ^fountains.  They  received  me  with  the 
greatest  kindm'ss,  and  desired  to  net  .is  my  interi)reters.   1  had 


,/ 


FATlimt  I'KTUn  .wif\  nK  smut.  >  J 


P4n 


tlis;  Its  rlUh'llt 

III'<lNtSof  tlll'l't' 

iln  V.  ii  kind  i>r 
irtil  liii>  ii  liiili- 
iHintiy,  iiiid  Id 

H>  (It'NI'll     III   ^(1 

(>r    rt:ili    :iii'l 

<'ii<'iiin|i«'(l  :.t  11 
IU'ssiiiy;:i  li;itll(? 
,  wliu.  r:i\(iit'(l 
I'  riiiiilt  iil'MTii, 
It't  their  ImisfS 
irli  loud  ciicM, 
liimdrt'ds  ujilt 
|ii<';id  tliroii;ili- 
iiniii'd  niid  id- 
[lidutt's,  cinmlil 
iM  Moody  took 
|ictiioiis  III'  his 
wounded.  TJm 
I. 

lo    tllC  SCPtIP  of 

lit  id!  Wiis  oviT 
'\\\\X,  with  liit'ii" 
.  On  tlit'ir  re- 
r  sorrow,  iMjr*', 
ji^iidnst  tht'ir 
'ct'iised  wiirrioi" 
<  of  distinction 
iiiinicnts.  'i'hoy 
IS  iUidhuiM'iitii- 

etotlieircanrp. 
(piinntjiiices  of 
«'d  niH  witli  till' 
■rpietrrs.   1  luul 


n  loii;,'('i.nf<-ivn«'.'  on  r.-li^h.u  with  f!it"*»'  | '.  nnhMppy  miv. 

iiixi's  Thi-y  lisi.'iM'd  with  thf  nioMt  fiiriM'^i  iifti-niion,  AI't.T 
th<'  iiistnirtioii.  ihry  piv^eniid  tuin.",'n,s  liiil..  rhildivn.  Jiiid 
vt'iy  •'iiiiif^ily  iM-ni'd  iiif  to  ivp'iwniti"  thi-m  in  the  holy 
wiit'.'is  of  HiipiiMM.  Th.'M*' .snviijres  have  h.  i.|i  Ih.'  lirmr  of 
triivfili'iHiJiliuvd  to  |»iiss  throimli  their  territory;  I'or  iiiiiny 
years  iheir  cliMiiieier  has  been  that  ol*  iliieves.  driinl^aids, 
and  riilliaiis.  and  iliey  an'  I'riilnli/.id  l»y  driidi.  wideli  niey 
readily  obtain,  ouiim  to  iln-ir  proximity  to  the  frontiers 
of  rlvili/i.tion.  Tliis  iin'iirseil  iniille  lias  always  and  every, 
whern  been  the  ini.i  ol"  the  Indian  tiibes,  and  it  leads  to 
their  rajiid  exiinrtion. 

••Two  days'  iiiarrh  above  Fort  Kearney,  at  a  place  cidled 
Cottonwood  Spring's,  1  found  thirty  lodues  ol'  Ouallallas,  a 
Sioux  or  Dacotah  tribe.  At  their  re«|i!est  I  baptii-.ed  all 
their  diildreii.  In  IS.M,  at  the  <Jre:il  Council  on  tiie  IMalte, 
J  had  biouijjht  them  the  same  blessin^^.  Tln-y  told  ine  that 
;i  ^'leat  numi)er  of  their  children  had  died  since,  carried  off 
by  epidemics,  whidi  liad  ra^ed  amon^'  the  nomadic  tribes  of 
the  j)Iains.  They  are  much  consoh'd  at  llie  ihounht  of  the 
liappiness  which  children  ol)tain  by  Imly  Haptism.  They 
know  its  hij,di  inip«»rtance.  and  appreciate  it  n.s  the  ^'leatest 
favor  which  they  can  receive. 

•MJenei-al  Harney  liad  many  friendly  cord'erenres  with  tlie 
Tawnees,  the  ()u;allallas.  and  Sheyennes.  in  which  hestioniudy 
advised  tlieni  to  cease  niolestinir  the  whites  who  mi^ht  pass 
thn;u»>;li  their  borders,  addini;  that  on  this  condition  alone 
could  they  remain  at  ju-ace  with  the  I'liited  Slates. 

''I  have  so  often  spoke  of  the  biilfalo  in  my  letters,  that 
this  time  I  ndu,ht  pa^-s  him  l)y  in  silence.  However,  I  will 
mention  it  for  the  purpose  (»f  saying  that  the  race  is  not  ex- 
tinct in  these  parts,  tliou<ili  it  is  beconnn^'  more  rare  t(»  lind 
bulfaloes  cm  the  hiirhway  across  the  plains,  which  its  in- 
stinct must  have  tau,<iht  it  to  avoid.  We  met  our  lir.st  lierds 
of  this  noble  animai  in  tlie  neifrhborhood  of  Fort  Kearney. 
The  sii^ht  created  fxreat  excitement  anioiiir  those  soldiers  who 
liad  not  visited  the  plains  before,  and  they  burned  to  bring 
down  one  or  two. 


Kin 


FMIfHli  PKIKR  JnnX  hK  slfKT.  R  J. 


"AiUH'il,  jiH  till'}  vvt'h',  witli  tli«'  I'jiinuUH  Miiii«'-  iill«"<.  i\n>y 
IIiIkIiI  li:i\f  iiiadc  u  ^oo'l  iiliiit.  Iithl  llii'y  Hot  l)«>i>ii  nii  I'tint, 
uliilf  llu-  liiilViiliM'H  wt'ii'  al  full  ^iillop;  It  \mim,  ||ici»rni«'. 
itiiliti^Mtlilc  tn^ct  iiiai'  llniii.  Tlii'V  liit'd,  Imwt'vrr,  at  a  ili-> 
tau('(>  of  two  liiiihlK'd  or  tliicf  liiiiKiitil  vanls,  A  Hin^lr  I  iil' 
liilo  was  wotiii(l«'il  in  llu>  l«>g.  Its  woiiial  coiiiiM'llcd  it  to  la^' 
brhiinl,  and  \u'  liciaiii*'  tli*>  lai';x*'t  ol'  all  mir  iiii-ti.  A  tnii- 
riiHfil  Mitiiiul  of  nil's  and  riltt>  hIiuIn  ainsi-.  as  if  tlif  last  lioiir 
liad  «'oiiM>  for  tilt'  Inst  liuffalo.  KiddlMi  wiili  lialls,  his 
ttiii<;uc  iiillinu;  onl,  tlic  Mood  ^tirnndnu  from  Ids  tiiroat  ami 
nostrils,  the  pnur  lanlr  f*>ll  at  last.  'I'o  ciii  Idin  ii|i  and  dis- 
triliiitc  tin-  meal  was  the  worU  of  a  nmnicnt.  Nevrr  waii 
Imlfalo  nior<'  rapidly  tian-*forni<-d  into  ^I<'ak  ami  hun|>, — 
t'vrry  oiH'  wonld  Uuw  Ids  i»ir«*«'. 

'•  \Vhil«'  llicsc  tidngs  wprt'piin;;  on.CaiilaIn  P .Tiionntcil 

on  a  tiiH-  liorsp.  a|i|>r<'aclMMl  a  Imll,  alnady  trrrilird  liy  tin' 
rillcsliois  and  iln'  ifrriltic  noisr  of  oar  .»<ldifrs.  ulio  wtif 
tnivircH  to  lli)>  cliasp,  and  lir«>d  at  Idni  tuicc  alnii»t  |iolnt* 
hiank.  Tln>  ImlValo  and  tin- liotsc  sto|i|ii>d  at  tin*  same  in- 
stant.    In  spitf  of  all  Ills  ••ll'orts,  Capiain  1* toidd  not 

nndv«-  Ids  liorsi>,  nnacrnsinnu'd  to  ilic  hunt.  advaiic«>  a  siiiuh* 
.sti'|).  and  the  fnrtons  linl1'alop|iin,u,i.'d  both  liorn.s  in  his  Hank, 
and  threw  liitn  down,  dead. 

••  In  this  rriiii'al  moment  tlit*  «'onia<rpons  ildef  di<1  not  losn 
his  |)rt>s«'n(M>  of  mind,  lie  Icapt'd  from  his  lior.--f  over  iIki 
ImlValo's  Siark,  jjavc  him  two  niort-  hnllcis  from  his  six- 
hjioott'r.  and  <'ompl(>t<'ly  ballird  him.  The  raptaiii  tln-n  lltrl 
to  a  iridly,  which  was  Inckily  I'oth  deep  and  near  at  hand. 
The  huil'alo,  nnalile  to  follow  him.  al>amloncd  his  persecn- 
toi',  who  retnrned  to  i-amji  with  his  horse's  saddle  on  his 
l»aek.  A  horso  ninst  be  well  trained  to  hnnt  the  bnll'alo, 
and  must  be  traiiu'd  spe<'ially  for  bnllalo  liunlin;.:- ;  <ilh<'r- 
wise,  the  daiipT  is  very  ^reat,  and  the  conseipn-nco  may  lie 
Jatul. 

"  Durinfj  the  months  of  June  and  .Tnly,  tempests  and  falls 
of  rain  and  hail  are  very  freipient,  and  almost  of  daily  oc- 
curn'ni'e,  towards  evening,  in  the  valley  of  the  Platte,  which 
is   the  country  of  storms  and  whinwinds  par  ixciUmtc. 


i4 


.1 


T.\wm  vr.ir,n  .mtis  m:  s\ti:i\  s.  j. 


I^t 


I'l't'lt  nil  fiMit* 
Ml*',  lllflrl'iin', 
\'\v\\  nt  II  (lis 

A  y^\\\\i.\v  I  iif" 

i«>||(mI  i(  Im  lii^' 
IIK'tl.        A     «n||. 

ill)'  lii>i  lioiir 
itii  I'lilh.  liJH 
IiIn  tliioiit  iiml 
III  lip  iiixl  tliM- 
\.     N«'Vi'i'  \s{M 

L    lliul    hiiim, — 

* .Tlininitcil 

■rrillifl  l>y  tlit? 

fIS.    \\  lit)    WcUl 

aliiiot  |Miinl- 
t  tllf  siiliir   ill- 

(KiiM  not 

Iviiiici'  :i  ^ill^l(^ 
i.s  ill  Imm  Hank, 

t'f  (11(1   liof  !(IS(» 

lidi'.'-c  (i\i  r  ili«» 
ri'niii  liis  six- 
itaiii  tlicii  Hid 
iK'iii'  :it  liMiid. 
I  liis  iicrsccii- 
siiddlc  Mil  ids 
it  tli(>  iiiill'iild, 
imlin;^- ;  dtlicr- 
[iMiico  iiiny  Ito 

pests  mid  falls 

ist  of  daily  oc- 

IMattc,  wliicli 

ur  cxccUiinc. 


Tin-  Ktitli.iiim  df  tli»"t»«  MtoniiH  i-an  !•«•  imllcctl  iit  n  i.'»val  dl«»- 
tiiniv,  iiH  »  J*.'ii.  At  lliMi.  Ilirlif  -|"»t^  ..f  cIciidH  III.'  ..l.-'iv  d 
«.n  III'-  li"ii/...ii.  wlii.li  a<v  l'..ll..\\cd  l.y  dark  niaw'  "f  ''l-'tid. 
wlii.li  iiiov  al. Ill;;  ill  mkc-h-'Ii.  d.-wdiii;,''!!''  ii|  •uniiM'tlK  r, 
tiiid  ^piradiiijx  over  ili"  "ky  witli  txiriK.rdiiiai v  inpidiiy, 
tiny  iippioiicli  mid  <T«HH  .'ach  ..ili.r  tli'-y  •'i>i>*t  and  |'"iir 
!•(  It'll  tciiviiiH  ..r  water  wlilcli  divudi  tin'  \al!"y-*.  «•!•  \cII"Nh 
nf  hail,  wliiclMlii^li  llic  l.dhsaiid  llnuns;  il..'sturiii  .luii.U 
llicii  disippcaiiiH  rapidly  as  tlicy  have  (((iiic 

"'Kvciycvil  has  its  r.nicdy/  siys  the  pn>v»'il»,  and  tli.-sn 
hmiicaii.'s,  storms,  aiwi  la-avy  rains  serve  ila-  piirp.'x-  of 
niolinu'iind  i.iirir\ini:  lla- atniuHpher.',  which,  at  this  sca<*..n, 
would  iMroine  ii.Niil.puilal.l.-  lail  f..r  llii>  (•ilvMliisfat.c'.  The 
PitM(  iiry  often  rises  t(.  one  liim'li''d  dejrrees  of  Kahrenheii  in 
the  shade  The  »valer  dnes  net  ivNt  Imiii  on  III.' siiil'a.euf 
the  soil  It  is  al)M.rl.ed  ah.ioHt  as  it  falls,  on  aceoiinl  <.r  the 
very  porous  charaeler  <.r  the  eaiili  of  the  valley  tiiid  its 
sandy  Ix.ttoii.  Travellers.  In  camps  a  lit  tic  removed  from 
iIm  ri\c|-.  always  di,i,M\ells;  the  water  is  everywheiv  fniind 
at  a  depth  of'two  or  thr.e  feet  This  water,  ihoiiuh  c(.ld 
anil  clear,  ni'ist  he  unwholesome,  and  fmpu'ntiy  cmim'S 
severe  sickness, 

({raves  abound  In  these  rej^ionn,  and  th<>  t  ;orlal  remains  (T 
a  vast  niniher  of  einiiiiallls  repose  iheie.  Willi  the-e  eini- 
^•ranls  have  also  Mink  beneath  the  valley  of  ilie  'Malle  that 
ardent  thirst  for  ^old,  those  desires  and  ainhitioiis  ].roj<'cls 
for  wi-alth  ^'reatiiess,  and  i>leasures,  which  devour  llieiii, 
and  diove  tlit-m  t<»wards  the  distant  regions  of  California, 
Tike's  I'eak,  and  Fra/er.  Death  met  llieiii  far  from  their 
I'enates.  and  they  are  buried  in  tin  se  desert  strands.  How- 
uncertain  are  tlie  affairs  of  this  world!  Man  makes  his 
plans;  lie  builds  Ins  casth-s  in  the  air;  he  coiiiits  iijion  a 
liiliire  which  does  not  ! chmir  to  liinr.  he  proposes,  but  (tod 
disposes,  r.nd  cuts  Die  thread  of  life  in  the  midst  of  these 
vain  hopes 

"The  most  remarkable  fhitiirthat  T  met  on  this  occasion  on 
the  liijrhway  r.f  the  prairies,  ordinarily  so  lonely,  were  tla^ 
long  wagon  tndnstiigaged  m  transp(»rling  to  Utah  provisioiis 


(Cii 


tMlit:n  ruThii  jmis  /»a,  <vat,  -  /. 


fuiit -.foh'"*  of  wiir.     If  t!i«' j..M!iiii!-  uf  rill*  «l;iy  nmy  li«»  !>»». 

llfVi'il.  lln"..'  fUI«.t  Ihf  (io\i||||||i>|||  lirtiitl  Ihillinhs.  KimIi 
ti'iiill  nilisUtftl  (if  tv^fiity  ^lx  »MtK«»li-.  'iirli  \mimo|i  ilmuit  |,y 
nlx  yuki'  of  oxm,  tiihl  luiiiiiiiiiiiK  iH'or  llvf  tliuii^iiriil  iMiiirnU. 
Tli«'  «^ii:iit»r  niiiNl«r  K«-tn'iii|  \\n\Av  tl iilinliitlon.  ntiil  inl<i 

III'-    IIkiI     rhf    Wlinlt.    tlllill    Uiilllil     hiiilrti    lit|i>    r.r    tll>n|||   |i|'|V 

milt'-..  \Vi-  |iii«.s,..|  fv.'iy  tliiy  sotnc  \\uj:<.ii.h  i.f  tliis  iriiiiu  iim> 
trtiin,  •iK'li  vvii^nii  MiiirUiiluitii  iiiiiiiim>  \\s  in  rli«M'iiM>(irhlii|M. 
iiikI  \\\vsv  iiiitiK'N  s»'i\.'(l  lu  riiiiii>li  iiMiiiM'riM'iii  lo  till'  |iii«.»«'r. 
Itv;  flif  niinir.'H  of  ilif  nipttiiiis  In  this  ri's|„.r(   liiivihir  iin- 

l(iiM'<|   liputl  t||«>  nilpillH  .Mlrh    11:11111, s  ||>  ilH'  t'olislihitinll.    |||(> 

J'tf'/i/iirnt,  tUvfiniif  //<jnif,/ii;  \ht>  h'hiij  0/  nunniii,  l.„fa 

I'lr. .»•!(•.      Tlu'M'    \\«'l«'   (liillltnl    it)   jilriif  Ictti'lH   irlinull    >\iW 

<»l"  III*'  riminjf*'.  Oh  llu'  pliiiriN.  (lie  Wiipif.tr  iimmiiims  th*- 
ht\l«'  of  ni/)fittii,  Ih'Imk  pliKt  iI  ill  (niiirniitnl  ipj  liin  \Mi-nn  iiritl 
IVM'lvi' oxtti.  Till"  tniiHti'i-wnKoiiff  Is  mlinlial  of  iIiIn  lltlli> 
liiriil  llt'ct.  Ill"  liiis  «(inlio|  of  '.'(i  rii|iliiiiiM  iitid  '.W'J  oxi  ii,  .\r 
II  flisianc*',  tin-  wliitf  iiwiiin;:^  of  tlic  \\ii;:(>ii.s  juivi.  tin-  1  ll'i  rt 
of  11  llft't  of  vt'sim'h  with  ill!  ninviis  ,s|ii(iiil, 

"On  N'luiiiK  I-»'av«'n\voitli  tlu-  (jiivt'is  look  U(  II  t-non^li. 
lu-iiii,'  :ill  in  new  cIoiIu'm.  ImU  as  tlu'V  nilvtinrr  into  tli)-pliilns. 
tlifif  ^ro<i(|  clotlifs  lii'coni*'  tln^«•l  stiiiiifd  nn<l  torn,  ninl  iit 
liisf  ill*' coin t'iic<|  into  ni;is.  'I'hvctfjtftihis  Innc  IuikIIv  pi(»- 
•  I't'dt'd  fwo  liiindivd  inilt's.  lu.foiv  tli«'ir  titiil  is  niiiiktd  with 
rn.Lts,  M('jitt»'i'<'d  and  H.\  lri«  iiloii;;,' tlif  i(inl»>.  \i<\{  niii\  oiiin 
it'iiiii.k  also  on  lln'  vmioiis  (iini|>i'i<:  ^roiindM,  rvm  ns  lar  km 
iIh'  Uocky  Moiintiiins,  and  beyond,  flic  wicrks  «if  watrons 
ami  flio  sk"l<'tons  of  oxen,  hut  rspt'ciallv  ilu-  n  mains  of  ilit» 
wardioJK'  of  tilt'  tiiivclk'f— k%fs  of  jianialnons  nnd  diiiuns,  u 
nliirt  lifisom.  the  Imck  or  flic  arm  of  n  faiiiit'l  \«'st.  .st<ickii;u'H 
out  at  toi' and  In'fl,  croutilrss  liafs.  and  sliois  worn  tliroii^li 
Nolf's  or  iiiipcrs,  arc  sfrt-wed  alonn'  ilic  route 

"Tlu'sc  deserted  caiiips  are  nlso  imirked  by  packf*  f»f  nirds 
Ntrewn  around  :imoni,'  broken  Jars  and  bottles;  here  yoii 
M>e  a  ^M'idiidii.  a  colfee  por,  or  :i  till  bowl;  there  a  cookinn- 
Htove  aiid  the  fra^fnieiits  of  a  .shaviiiir-dish.  nil  \V(Uii  out  and 
cast  asule.    The  i)oor  Indians  regard  tlit'se  signs  uf  encroach- 


Miiiis,  ImmIi 
111  *\vt\\\  II  tiy 
mill  |iiiiiiii|r«. 

i*n,  mill  ii>lil 

r  iiImiim  (ii'iv 

liis  iriiiiii  iiM* 

KM-  of  ^lli|l«*, 
I  IIh'  |)|I^»>«'|'- 

'    Ilia  iiiL'  iiii- 

lilllUnll,    lllfi 

utin'if,  /.I, fa 
''/  h'nihhk\ 
>ll  «'lli  li  s|i|«> 
li«<>.im:(  s  till- 
H  MiijLiiii  iiml 
'f  tliN  littlo 
:.' «»xi  If.  Af 
ii'  tlu'  I  llVct 

vrjl  «'liiili;ill, 
n  tll«-]illlilis. 
loiti,  iiml  :it 
liiinljv  |>io- 
iiiiiki'il  wjili 
I  limy  ol'tcii 
I'll  lis  liir  iiM 
i  of  wiitrmis 

ilililis   of  |||I> 

I  (liinvi'is.  ti 

't.  hfockillUH 
Dltl    tlll'Oll^'ll 

cks  of  laiijs 
;  licic  you 
'  ii  ciiokiin:-- 
irii  oiil  .'iiiil 
.)f  encroiuh- 


f.i TiiFM  t'f:n:n  .mns  uk  svkt.  h.  J, 

\\vi  v\\\\\n\\\*A\\\\\\\  nil  iiminMl  ••y*',  hh  llipy  |k»"«  iImiii  oil 
IIh'Ii- wiiy.  TIm'w  iii^h  nml  h-fnw  iiiv  io  iln-m  ih.  Iiiiil»lii. 
|l»'r.H»»f  ill"  ii|»|irom'li  "f  a  •li-'iiiiil  fnHiiv  for  flu'iiiHCh*',     cli.y 

l(llMol|llr.<    lo  llh'lll    lllllt    III''    |.liiill"«   I'll'l    l'o|i".fs    o\.'|     wliiill 

tln-y  io:im  in  tli<>  rlui^.-.  lli'-ir  iM-iiuiifiil  IhIm-h  mi'l  rlv.-i's 
Huiiniiiiiu  «itli  IIhIi,  uimI  iIm-  i«'l'iil»'  of  niiiiM'roii'^  ii«|iiiitl  t 
l.itils;  III.'  hi'urili  wlilili  witiM'tm-il  tlM'lr  Mull,  mil  iln'  "••11 
whlrh  I'ov.'is  iIm'iisIi.'s  of  fli.-ir  fmlii'M,  nil.  in  llin-.  tlm(  is 
iiioHt  il.'iir  lo  III. 'III.  mv  iil'oiii  lo  \M\xs  liiio  till-  limiiU  of  ilii< 
rii|.iiiioiis  whiii'  limn.  .\nil  iln-y.  Immu'  iiioilnh.  nrriiHioni.il 
lo  romn  nl  Imitf,  nml  ov«'iii  \mi  k\*w*\  fi"'  lik«'  tin-  MhIh 
of  tlii'iiir.  uill  !»••  inrio«,.'(|  in  nmi'.  \  iv«..'i'\."s,  f;ir  from  iln'lr 
rln-ri^li""!  Iinniini:  vroiiiiiU  mill  liiif  lixln'iii-s,  fnr  from  ili.lr 
ll.l.ls  of  roots  mill  friiilH  ;  or  drlv.-n  liink  Inio  tin.  inoinilninH 
oi- to  imknown  Mlmrt'!*.  It  h  not  Nnrprhinj:,  llu-n.  llml  iln« 
Htiviitft*  isiM'ks  NonifliinMs  to  ii'vi'iiu'.'  liiniM'lf  on  ih.'  wliii.. 
nimi;  it  is  rnr.'ly,  liowcvi'r.  tlmi  In  is  tim  tiMKi«'s,sor ;  smvjy, 
Hot  olir..  out  of  ti'll  IHdVokill,.;  fusrs. 

'•  TliM  Wilsons  lU'M  forniwl  .'very  evt'iiinjr  into  n  mrntf.  That 
l.s.  th»»  vvhok'  twfiity-Mix  ur»'  rmiiii'd  in  a  rircN'.  nnd  «linlniil 
oil!'  to  lli.>  otliiT,  so  IIS  to  |i':i\.'  only  oni-  ojH'iiinv'.  <"  «'*" 
[Kissii^i'  lo  till'  lii'Msts,  which  imst  till'  iiiMhl  i"  •'"'  I'i'iitri'. 
iiinl  ni'i.  ffimnli'il  lhi'ri'l»y  f<»'V«'nil  H«'iitinfls  nmli'r  nrins, 
I'lidcr  th»'  protiM'liou  of  ti  Minnll  niinilM':'  of  ili-ti'rmiii.il  nu'H, 
till' wnuons  mill  miinmis  mv  nitiiii'  from  miy  !itl:i«k  of  nn- 
discipliiii'il  liiilimis.  in  liowi-M-r  ^iviit  nunilM-rs.  Winn  tlm 
tnivi'ili'rs  ni'^rl.M't  this  |iris':n»tion,  mnl  I'mnp  at  nimlom,  not, 
iinfri'tim'Htly  :i  hoslilc  bmnl  <»f  Imlimis  will  provoU*'  winit  Is 
«'!illi'il  a  s/it»i/>'f,'i\  or  ]tmiir  nniony  the  <'nttli'.  mnl  «'nny 
thi-m  all  oir  ;it  onri'.  Tin'  tnivi-lli'is  p)  into  ramp  I'arly, 
mill  at  l»ri".ik  ol  day  tin*  bi'asts  aiv  h't  Ioosh  in  tho  i>ralrii'. 
that  thi'y  may  lmv»'  ph'iity  of  tiini'  to  fum/,.'.  (Jniss  is  vi-ry 
ivlnmdant  in  thn  valh'y  of  tin'  I'latto  and  on  ihi'  ni'ij.dil>orln;^ 
art'livitii'H. 

"HotwiM'ii  Fort  Ki'ann'y  mnl  th«»  (M*o'<"in,ir  1^1  thi' South 
Fork  of  till'  Phitto,  wt»  im't  ovi-r  a  liiindri'd  famiii's  of  Mor- 
nmns,  oa  tln»lr  way  to  Kansas  and  Missouii.  vith  tin'  inr.-n- 
tiun  of  sctrlin/;,'  there.     They  appeared  deH^rliied   at   lirini,' 


tm 


FATIIKlt  PKTlClt  JOHN  DK  SMKT.  s.  J. 


i'oitiiiiiitt'  (.'iioii^Mi  to  leave,  safe  and  sduiul,  tlie  raiiiiiiis 
l)iiMiiise(l  land  <»!'  I'tah;  thanks  t(»  tlie  inlliieiice  ol'  tlie  new 
/.{■ovenior,  and  tlie  presence  of  tlie  I  nited  Staies  li(iu|is. 
They  told  ns  that  a  liieat  niinilu-r  of  oilici-  faniiiits  would 
follow  them,  so  soon  as  they  should  be  capahh'  of  doinij;  so, 
and  of  prot'uiinii;  tlu'  necessaiy  means  for  the  journey. 

"'riiey  cotd'esst'd  that  they  woulil  haveeseaped  lon<j: before, 
liad  they  not  l)eei\  afraid  of  I'allin,!!;  Into  the  hands  of  the 
Danitt.'s,  or  Destroyinii'  Anu'els.  These  comiiose  the  IkkIv- 
guard  of  the  IMojiliet  ;  they  are  sa'ul  to  be  entirely  and 
blindly  at  his  disi)osal,  to  cany  out  ail  his  i»lans.  meet  all 
his  wishes,  and  execute  all  his  measures,  which  often  in- 
volve robbery  and  murder.  Tx-foie  the  ari'ival  <.f  the  I'uited 
States  soldiers,  woe  to  any  «)ne  who  manifested  ad<'siie  to 
leave  L'tah,  or  abandon  the  sect;  woe  to  him  who  dared  to 
raise  a  voice  aji-ai list  the  actions  of  the  I'lojiliet  — he  larely 
escaiK'd  the  poniards  of  these  Ih-stroying  Anj-els,  or  rather 
incarnate  demons. 

"The  highway  of  the  plains,  during  the  beautiful  season  of 
18r)8,  appeared,  as  it  were,  invaded  by  an  unusual  and  j<»yons 
animation.  To  complete  the  idea  which  1  have  just  given, 
1  will  add  that  couriers  and  express  messengers,  coming  and 
retun  in'i',  ctmstantly  crossed  each  other  on  the  road.  The 
<lill'erent  companies  of  the  army  left  a  space  of  tw«.>  or  three 
days'  journey  between  them. 

''Each  company  was  followed  by  ambulances  for  the  nseof 
tlie  su])erior  officers,  a  body  of  .irtillery  and  engineeis.  and 
a  train  of  wagons,  with  six  mules  each,  transporting  piovis- 
ions  and  baggage.  Each  comi)any  was  followed  also  by  an 
immense  drove  Of  six  or  seven  hundred  horned  cattle,  to 
furnish  their  daily  food.  I'ncle  Sam.  as  the  ({overnment  of 
the  I'nited  States^s  called,  has  a  truly  paternal  heart ;  he 
l)rovides  abumlantly  for  the  wants  of  the  defenders  of  the 
country,  and  will  not  sidfer  tlu-m  to  want  their  comforts. 

"Every  thing  was  going  on  admirably  iiiid  in  gwod  onh'r. 
The  conimanding  g<'neral  and  staff  were  already  at  the 
rrossingof  the  south  branch  of  the  Platte,  48u  miles  from 
Fort  Leavenworth,  when  he  received  the  news  that  the  Mor- 


ii 


tllf  i'llllltillS 
i»  ol'  tlic  new 
t;ii*'s  ti(Mi|is. 
liiilirs  would 
(•f  (loiiiij;  NO. 
)iiriii'\ . 

liMids  of  I  lie 
■^c  tlic  liudy- 
(■iilirrly  aii'l 
ins.  nict't  :dl 
icli  (d'lt'ii  in- 
<>r  tlic  riiilt'tl 

I  a  dcsiir  to 
ilio  dai'<'d  to 
'I — lie  lairly 
As,  or  latlu'i' 

ifn'i  season  of 
aland  joyous 
v  just  fiivi'ii, 
(,  condipj,'  and 
e  road.  The 
two  or  tlirtM' 

for  the  use  of 
nginctMs.  and 
)rtin,n'  i)iovis- 
'd  also  by  an 
led  cattle,  to 
overnment  of 
ml  heart  ;  he 
ender.s  of  the 
•  comforts. 

II  good  order, 
nady  at  the 
^(»  miles  from 
that  the  Mor- 


FATiiy.n  pi'TKii  .foiis  iti:  >v/;y.  >  -i- 


8M 


mons  had  suhm.tted.  oriaid   down  ihe.r  "'•;"^'  ^"'\"*.     " 
.ame  time,  a.Muder  to  distribute  his  ,roo,,s  to  <.tl.er  ,.oMt. 

„,i return ,u the inited States,  '''"!-'- '''^I'f"  •:>,;;;;: 

tinati.m-.the   eonelusion  ..f  !-aee  ,,ut  an  end    o  m>    htt 
ai   ;.„„„i,.    mission    to  the  Imlian    tnhes  ot    I  tah  |<n- 

Milted  will,  the  general,  an<l  a.romiianied  lum  ..n  l.is  tetu.ti 

to  Leavenwoilh.  .       .    , ,  .^  ..    . 

^.TheSouthF.>rkoflhePIatle.atth..erossm,UMS^,<.4..lee 

^vide.     in  the  n...nil.  <.r  .Inly,  itsde,>th  is  generally  about 

,l„ve  feet:   after  the  junetiou  of    ,  he  t  Uo  fnrUs.    the  Width. S 

ulmut    :J,on()    yards.     Tho    botton,,    throu;:hout    the   uhol-. 

leniith,  i><  s:ii\dy.  ,  .      , 

..  I  ,  ,uld  sav  nu.eh,  .h-ar  Father,  about  the  eonntry  be- 
t.veen  Leavenworth  and  th.  South  I'ass  ol  the  Platte,  its 
botanical  and  other  properties  an.l  i.ro.luctions.  but  1  have 
sookenol  these  on  many  occasions  in  n.y  h'tters  <h"scrib.n,i.' 
other  jonrtievs  acn-s  this  re,,i.M,.  The  little  im-idents  men- 
tione.l  in  this  letter  are  all  c.mnected  with  my  last  trip. 

"Heforeleavin-rlMMr  Leavenworth  for  St.  Lonis.  1  made 
n  little  ,>xcnrsi.m'of  seventy  ndh's  to  visit  ..ur  dear  Fathers 
•u.d  Brothers  oi  the  .Mission  of  St.  Mary  anion-  the  1  otra- 
watomies.     1  at  last  reached  St.  l.mis  in  the  be-rinnimr  o 

September,  after  a  lirst  absence  of  about  thi months,  and 

after  a  ionrnev,  to  and  fv...  of  l.OTC  miles.  My  stay  in  St. 
Louis  was  short.  T  will,  in  my  next  letter,  uive  yon  details, 
which  will  inform  you  as  to  to  the  particnlars  ot  the  h,n- 
expedithm  of  which  1  speak  in  th<'  lirst  part  of  tins  letter. 

''Receive,  reverend   and  dear   Father,  the  .'xpression  o 
those  sentiments  of  respect  and  alVecti.m  which  you  know  1 
entertain  for  von,  and  let  me  re.'ommend  myself  very  spe- 
cially to  your  holy  sacrilices  and  .<ro<.d  prayers. 
"  Your  Reverences  servant  in  Christ, 

"P.  L  DkSmkt,  S.  J." 


If 

I.  ll 


h: 


I 


1 


CHAPTER  IIT. 


M:\V  SKillTS    AND   S(  KNK.'S. 


At  Ihr  Idlinni>i  of  PaiidiiKt—San  Fninri.<tro--Forf  17/;?- 
vourer—T/iv  ifiKit  hhwhifoiruitinonii  thv  liidioiift—lfr- 

nrioinualmih/(fpm(r'--lu>rr.sl.scriu'.s--F(tlh<rl'oiiirH 
crosses— Li.sOrniiif/  to  btars  and  irotrcs  at  iii///it. 

Wenowfrivc,  as  a  cliiipter  in  itself,  aiuttlu'r  letter  from 
the  pfted  pen  of  the  great  bliu^kguwn.  It  is  a  continuation 
of  the  foregoing  narrative: 

"  St.  1,1  ins,  Nov,  Id,  iH.m 

"IIi:vi;ki:.vi>  axi>  1)i:ai:  P.\TFri:iJ,  —  In  accordance  witii  my 
l)roniise,  1  resume  the  little  story  of  my  long  voyage.  On 
my  return  to  St.  Loui.s,  I  tendered  to  the  Minister  (»f  War  my 
resignation  of  the  post  of  chajilain.  It  was  not  accepicd, 
because  a  new  war  had  just  broken  out  against  the  IJovern- 
ment,  among  the  tiibes  of  the  Hocky  Mountains.  I  -was 
notified  by  telegniph  to  ]iroceed  to  New  York,  and  to  em- 
bark thei'e  with  (lenenil  llai'iiey  aiul  his  stalV. 

"On  the  i>(tth  of  Sei>tend>er,  li^:>S,  we  left  the  poit  of  New 
York  for  As])inwall ;  it  was  the  season  of  the  etpiinox,  so 
that  we  experienced  some  rough  weather  on  tin*  voyage,  and 
u  heavy  wind  among  the  l^ahamas.  We  coasted  for  some 
time  along  the  eastern  shon^  of  ('id)a,  in  sight  of  the  ])roin- 
ontories  of  St.  Ihmiingo  and  .Famaica.  On  the  2!)th  1 
crossed  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  on  a  good  railroad,  forty- 
seven  miles  long.' 

"T^e  next  day  I  had  the  hapjnness  to  offer  thelloly  Sacri- 
fice of  the  Mass  in  the  Cathedral  <»f  Panama.  The  liishoj) 
very  earnestly  entreated  me  to  use  my  influence  with  the 


'  The  'cmlcr  will  rcnill  In  whttt  manner  the  heroic  Balljoa  crosi>cd  the  ciiine  li-tliiniic,  llirce  ccni 
tiiriis  .iiul  ft  lialf  tjtfore. 

850 


•jaswsj!:'' 


CO— Port  Van- 
hid  i(t  lift— l{r- 
FitffirrroiuCH 
U  nhihl. 

UT  l«*tt«'r  frorn 
a  continuation 

ts,  Nov,  HI,  IH.".!). 

•(lanc<-  witli  my 
f,'  voyii<:«'.  On 
ter  of  War  my 
not  acct'jilt'd, 
st  tln'  liovcin- 
ntnins.  I  >va.s 
k,  and  to  t-ni- 

i«*  port  of  New 
10  «'(iiiinox,  so 
Im  voyaf;v,  and 
istcd  for  sonm 
t  of  the  ])rom- 
n  tli«'  2!)tli  I 
railroad,  forty- 

theHoly  Sacrl- 
.  Tlie  Jiislioj) 
lenrc  witli  tho 

;iiin;  li-tliimi!',  tlireo  cciv 


FATHEH  PETER  JOllX  HE  SMET.  >'.  ./. 


S.*7 


Very  Hrvcn-nd  Fallicr  (icnrral  at  Uomr.  to  oltlain  for  liiin 
a  cu'lony  of  .fesults.  Ills  Lordship  cspt'cially  fxitrrss.'d  Ids 
eani<'Nt'<l«'sirt'  to  intrust  his  (•(•ch'siiisticid  smdnary  to  tiif 
rare  of  the  Society  of  .Icsus.  New  (iranada,  -is  well  as 
many  other  rejiions  of  Spiiidsh  South  America,  olVers, 
<loid«tl<'ss,  a  vast  held  to  the  zeal  oi  a  lariiv  nundter  (.f  our 
Fathers. 

••The  distance  from  I'anama  to  San  Francisco  is  moiv  than 
three  thousand  nnles.  The  steamer  hrouj^ht  to  in  the  super!) 
iKiy  of  Acnpulco  to  r.'ceive  the  mails,  and  t(»  coal  and 
water.  This  is  a  little  port  of  Mexico.  On  the  eveniui,^  of 
the  Kith  of  October.  I  arrived  at  S:in  Francisco,  happy  to 
find  myself  in  a  house  of  the  Society,  and  in  the  compiiny 
of  many  of  my  hrelhreii  in  Jesus  Christ,  who  h»a(h'd  nui 
with   kindness,  and  all  the  attenti<ai  of  the  nu)st    cordial 

charity. 

••The  'qiKiiii  hoinnii  (I  Jui'kikIkiii  luthita  re  grains  !ii  ini- 
II in"  is  especially  appreciated,  when  one  leaves  a  California 
steamer  in  which  one  has  Iteeii  imprisone<l,  sometimes  with 
fourteen  or  iifteeu  hundred  individuals.all  laborin-:  under  the 
gold  fever.  :iiul  who  thiid<  and  sperk  of  nolhinultut  nnnesof 
gold,  and  nil  the  terrestriid  delights  which  this  gold  is 
shortly  to  procure  them.  However,  the 'shortly"  is  long 
enough  to  allow  of  the  destruction  or  disappearance  of 
many  an  illusion.   *  All  that  glitters  is  not  gold.' 

'•  \Ve  left  San  Friincisco  on  the  'Joih.  and  in  a  few  days 
nanle  more  thiin  one  thousar.d  nules  to  Fort  Vancouver,  on 
the  Columbiii  riv.-r.  The  news  of  the  (<  ssniion  of  hostilities, 
and  of  the  sid)mission  of  the  tribe.s.  Imd  be»>n  received  at 
Vancouver.  The  tusk  remained  of  removing  the  Indian  i^re- 
judices,  sootliing  their  inquietude  and  alarm,  and  correcting, 
or  rather  refuting,  the  fals(>  rumors  wliich  are  generally 
spread  after  a  war,  and  which,  otherwis(>,  nnglit  be  the  cause 
of  its  renewal. 

"Under  the(»rders  of  the  general  commanding-in-chief,  Ileft 
Fort  Vancouver  on  the  2!)th(»f  October,  to  go  among  the 
tribes  of  the  mountains,  at  a  distanceof  about  eight  hundicd 
miles.     1  visited  the   Catholic  s(»ldiers  of   Forts  Dalle  City 


r.\TUF.n  PETEn  joir.v  />//  svet.  >  j. 


.irxl  Wallii-Wiill:!  nil  my  wny  \t  tin*  hist  ii;im<>il  fnit.  1  lii'.d 
till'  cuiisDliilinn  (»f  nii'f'tiii.i;  Wcv.  !•'.  ('(iiiL;i;ii<»,  on  liis  ic- 
turn  ri(»iii  liis  vhk  to  tli«j  niissiuns.  inid  nf  r«'<'«'iviii,i(  vciy 
rlift'iiiiLr  iK'Ws  from  liiiii  its  to  tin- flisjiiisitioii  of  the  lii- 
(liiiiis. 

'•  Al  my  it'iiiit'st,  tin* t'xct'lh'iii  commMiidimt  of  ilit- I'oit  li:i'l 
tlic  \ t'ly  jjit'tit  kiiuliU'SH  to  st't  iit  iiluTty  jill  tin-  inisoiicis  mid 
iiostiiuTs.  botli  ('(riir-d'Alriit'Siiiid  S)miU;iiis,  niid  li<' iiiliiistrd 
to  my  •'liiir,'.'*'  f<>  l»riJi,i?  Ilifiii  on  ilicir  unv.  jind  ifliirn  tln'iu 
to  tli«'ir  r»'sj)f('tiv«'  iiiilions.  'I'Iicsh  good  lndi:ins.  jiMilicidiirlv 
tilt' ("u'ur-irAlt''nt's.  Iiiid  uivcn  ilic  <ir('!it"si  nliliciition  to  llic 
soldiers  dni'lnt;  tlit-ir  ciiptiN  ify.  TIu'sh  nifii  oltm  iipiuoMclu'd 
tlicm  wiili  iidmiiiHiou.  in  uilncssintr  Hi'-  pfifoiniiinctMir  ilifii- 
]>ions  exercises,  niorninij;  nnd  eveiiiiiu.  Mnd  in  listeuinii;  to 
their  prayei's  und  hymns.  Dniiiiii-  ilie  whi^je  jonnu'y.  these 
good  Indians  testilied  the  ntmost  .irraiiliide  to  nie,  and  their 
jinnctnal  pei'I'ormanc  •  <»l'  their  religions  duties  was  a  sonrce 
ol'gi'eat  fonsolaiion  and  happiness  tome. 

*'()n  till'  'Jlst  ol"  Noveniher  I  arii\ei|  at  the  Mission  of  the 
Sacred  Heart,  anionii:  the  ("o'lir d' Aleiies.  I  was  iletaiiied 
at  the  niission  by  tli<'  snow  until  the  IStli  of  Kebiirary, 
isril).  During  this  interval  snow  fell,  witii  nioie  or  less 
abundance,  for  foily-three  days  and  niiihls.  f)n  seven  days 
it  rained,  we  had  twej)ty-one  cloudy  days,  and  sixteen 
days  of  clear  and  cold  weather.  I  left  the  mission  on 
the  ISthof  Febiirary.  with  the  ]}ev.  Father  .loset,  who. 
accompanied  me  until  we  met  Father  Uoeckeii,  who 
had  promised  to  meet  lis  on  Clarke's  Kivcr. 

"The  ice,  snow,  rain,  and  winds  imi»eded  very  luncli  our 
course,  in  oui-  frail  canoes  oi  bark,  on  the  rivers  and  great 
lakes.  We  ofti'ii  ran  coTisidnable  risk  in  crossing  rapids  and 
falls,  of  which  Clarke's  Hiver  is  full.  1  (vuntcd  thirty-four 
of  these  in  seventy-live  miles.  \N'e  met  with  seveial  camps  of 
Indians  in  winter-ciuarters  on  every  side.  On  the  aitjiroach 
of  the  winter  season,  they  are  obliged  to  scatter  in  the 
forests,  and  along  the  lakes  and  rivers,  where  they  live  by 
the  chase  and  lishing.  They  received  us  everywhere  with  the 
greatest  kindness,  and,  notwithstanding  their  extreme  ])ov- 


FAWm  PETER  JOirX  HE  SMET,  S.  .1 


rdfoit.   I  \ivA 
I,    (>l>     Ills    I'C- 

t'ct'iviii;?  v»'i  V 
>ii  (if  Hie   In- 

>t'  ilii-Foit  li:i-l 
|iiis(iiirr.s  ami 

(I  lie  illll  ll>tnl 
1  IVtlU'll     tllclll 

s,  paiiiciilarlv 
licatioii  to  til*' 
■II  apiiinaclit'd 
iiiaiictMir  ilit'ir 
I  listriiiiiLi;  to 
jounu'V.  tlit'sc 
nif,  and  tlit'ir 
I  \v;is  a   soiiicc 

Mission  of  tlie 
was  (N'taiiH'd 
of  Kcbiiiaiv, 
iiioi<'  or  less 
on  seven  days 
.  and  sixteen 
e  mission  on 
'!•  .loset,  who. 
loecken,     who 

revv  mncli  onr 
lei's  and  fiTcat 
inu'  lapids  and 
ted  tliii'ty-fonr 
'vei.d  camps  of 

tlie  a])])i'oa('h 
scatter  in  the 
■e  they  live  by 
tvhere  with  tlio 

extreme  ])<iv- 


(M'ty.  willin^lv  shaivd  with  us  tlielr  Hmall  rationsand  mea-ro 
pnivisions.  i'lu'V  eauvrly  embraced  tlie  occasion  t..  attend 
to  tlieirreli-ions  duties  and  other  exercises  of  piety:  atteiw  - 
iiij.-al  the  instructions  Willi  liivat  atlenlion.  and  w.th  much 
zeal  and  favor  at  Mass,  and  at  inornin.u-  and  .■veniii- 
i.ravers  On  the  llih  of  March  we  arrived  at  the  Mission ol 
St  Vnatius,  nmomithe  l»Hids  .I'Oreiiles  of  the  mountains. 

••The  KoeteliaVs.aliei-hl>olin-' tribe  to  the  I'ellds-d-Orellh'S, 

haviii"'  heard  ..f  mv  arrival,  had  travelled  many  days,'  jonr- 
Mcy  throimh  the  snov.-  to  shake  hands  with  me,  to  bid  me 
\\e'lcome.  and  manifest  their  filial  alVecthm.  In  iS4:)  1  had 
mad.'  some  stav  with  them.  1  was  the  lirst  priest  who  ha< 
aiiiiouncd  flheiu  the -lad  thlin-s  of  salvation,  and  1  had 
baptised  all  their  little  children  and  a  h.i-e  numb.-r  (.1 
adults.  Thev  came  on  this  occasion,  with  a  primitive  sini- 
j.licity,  t(.  assure  nie  that  th.-y  had  remained  faithful  to 
j.rayer,  that  is,  to  religion,  and  all  the  good  udvico  that 
thev  had  received.  \  . 

"All  the  Fathers  si)»ke  tome  of  these  .ixood  Koetenays  m 
the   hiu;hest    terms.     Fr.iternal  union,  evannvlic  .simitlicity, 
inm)cet"ice,  and  pea<-e,  still  reiun  am«ms  them  in  full  vigor. 
Thei'-  lumesty  is  so  great  and  so  welbknown,  that  the  trader 
7eaves  liis  storedionse  entirely,  the  door  remaining  unlocked 
often,  during  his   absence,  for   weeks.     The  Indians  go  in 
and  out,  and  help  themselves  to  what  tliey  need,  and  settle 
with  the  trader  on  his  return.     He  assured  nie  himself,  that 
in  doing  business  with  them  in  this  style  he  never  lost  the 
value  of  a  pin. 

"(Ml  tiie  bSth  of  March  T  crossed  d(  ej)  snow  a  distance  ot 
seventy  miles,  to  St.  Mary's  valley,  to  rev'isit  my  first  and 
ancient  spiritual  children  of  the  mountains,  the  poor  and 
abandoned  Flatheads.  They  were  gieatly  consoled  on 
learning  that  Very  «ev.  Father  Cieneial  had  the  intention  of 
causing  the  mission  to  be  undertaken  again.  The  ])rincipal 
chiefs  assured  me  that  since  the  departure  of  the  Father.s, 
they  had  continued  to  assemble  morning  and  (>vening  for 
prayers,  to  ring  the  A/if/iIi/s  at  the  accustomed  hour,  and  to 
rest  on  Sundav,  tt)  glorify  the  holy  day  ot  our  Lord.     1  will 


60O 


r.\riii:n  rurEit  Joiix  i>i-:  smkt,  s.  j. 


lint    t'llttT   Into   iuliU'   McfMlls    Ihtc    )|S  to    tilt'  pl't'Sfllt    (Msjiusi 

liuiis  Iff  iliis  litilf  iiilif.  Ini'  iViir  of  lifiii;:  too  Ion;,', 

*•  |)oiil>tl<'ss.  Ill  tilt' iiltM»'iu'«M»f  tli<>  iiiis.sioii!iri(>s,  tlH'*-iH'i:iy 
of  souls  has  coiiiiiiiltiMi  soiiii>  raviip-s  aiiioti^'  tli*-iii,  Imi, 
l»y  tilt'  ^'liUM'  (»f  (fotl,  flic  evil  is  not  iirt'paiiildc.  'I'lK-ir 
<l!iily  ])iJi('iict's  of  iii<'ty,  niul  tlif  roiifnciicfs  I  hcM  wiili 
tlit'iu  during  Ht-vt'iiii  days,  have  <;iv«'n  iiif  the  roiisoliii.ij 
conviction  that  th**  faith  is  still  ninintainiMl  anionu:  iIih 
Klatlu'a<ls.  and  still  Idinu'^  forth  fniits  of  salvation  anions 
tht'iii.  tlu'ir  ^iicatt'st  chieftains.  Michael,  Adtilpln'.  Am- 
brose, Moses,  and  others,  are  true  and  zeahms  ('hristiaiif, 
nnd  real  piety  in  religion  and  tint'  valor  at  war  are  united 
in  them. 

"  In  my  several  visits  to  the  stations  in  the  Uocky  Moun- 
tains, I  was  received  hy  the  Indians  villi  every  deinons- 
trati(»n  <»f  sincero  mid  lilial  joy.  I  ihink  I  may  say.  tliiit 
my  preseiictf  amoii^  them  liiis  l.een  of  some  advanlap'  to 
them,  l)t»th  in  a  religions  and  secular  point  of  view.  \ 
(lid  my  l>est  to  eiicoiiiafie  them  to  ]iersevere  in  piety,  and 
maintain  the  cf)nditions  of  the  treaty  of  peace  with  the 
Oovernment.  In  these  visits  I  had  the  liap|)iness  to  lap- 
ti/e  over  a  hundred  infants,  and  a  lar^e  umher  of 
adults. 

"  On  the  Ifith  of  April, in  accordance  with  tlieorders  of  (lie 
rnmmander-in-chief  of  the  army,  I  went  to  I-'ort  \'aiicoiiv<  i', 
nnd  left  the  Mission  of  St.  lunatins.  At  my  re(|iiesi.  all 
the  chiefs  of  the  diirereiit  mountain  Iriles  accompanied  ine 
to  renew  the  treaty  of  jM'ace  with  the  ticiieral  and  wiih 
superintendent  of  Indian  alVaiis,  I  e-ive  their  names,  and 
the  nations  to  which  Hiey  helonji' :  Alexander  Tnii- 
(fhKjMzin,  or  theMaii-without-a-horse,  oreat  chief  of  the 
Peiids-d"  Orel  lies  ;  Aictor  Alainihrii,  or  the  Happy  man  (he 
deserves  his  name,  for  Ik?  is  a  saintly  mam,  ^reat  chief  of 
tln'  Kalispels  ;  Adolphns  Kin'f/nn'ftr/tftpc,  or  Hed-featlH'r, 
(hief  of  the  Flalheads;  Francis  Stif/a,  or  the  Iroquois,  an- 
other Flathead  chief;  Dennis  Ziivnilitlzr,  or  the  'riiunders- 
rohe.  chief  of  the  Schnyelpi  or  Chaudieres  ;  Andrew  and 
Bonaventnre,  chiefs  and  braves  anionfjc  the  C(vur-dVAlenes, 


FATIIFM  PETKli  JollS  l>i:  SMirr,  S  J. 


H(!l 


'M,  tli«'t'iici:iy 

tliclll.    lillt, 

•iiM»'.     Th.-ir 

I   Ill-Ill  Willi 

If    niiisdIiiijQf 

aiiioiiu,'    lli«i 

:iti(ili  :iiiinii<r 

l<il|i|i*>.    Ain- 

■<  ('liiisti:iiis, 

ai'iirciinih'd 

{ocky  Mniiii- 
t'ly  (Iciiiuiis- 
iiiy  siiy.  tliiit 

ulVillllilp'    to 

<»f  vit'w.  I 
11  |iirly,  !ii!<l 
I't'  with  tlu' 
iiK'ss  {(»  I  iip- 

nimilicr    df 

ordtM's  III'  I  111' 
t  N'aiiciiimr. 

iciHU'sl,  all 
miiiaiiii'il  liic 
al  and    wiili 

nanics,  and 
aiidi'i'  Trill- 
cliii'f  of  llic 
pjiy  man  (he 
irat  cliii'l  of 
Hcd-fcatlicr, 
Ii(Kjiiois.  ali- 
ke 'riimidiTs- 
Andrt'w  and 
mr-dVAl»'ii('S, 


or  Ski/.omiiisli  I  A'f/////(//.///,  un-at  cldi'f  of  iIi.- Vi'  .man-*; 
and  ioTiy,  ^ival  rliii-rof  tli.-  SpoUaiis.  'Ilif  la-i  two  ain 
still  pa'^alis.  tlioii;,di  llii-ir  rliildivii  liavi- Imtii  l«a|.li/.i'd. 

'•  W.'siilVrivd  iiiiicli,  and  ran  many  dannvr>*  on  llu'loiite.on 
arnaint  of  tlu'  liiuli  stall-  of  tlie  rivns  and  tin-  ln-avv  Miow. 
Kor  lliivi'days  \vi'  had  liM-lrara  way  throiiKh  Ihick  foivsts, 
wh.'iv  thoiislinds  of  tivi-s,  thrown  down  l>y  sloinix.  lay 
ai'ioss  1.11"  allot hiT,  'iiid  wi-iv  covi-ivd,  four.  six.  and  ri.ulit. 
fi'.'t.  with  snow;  s-veial  hoisi-s  p-rislu'd  in  this  daiijivc- 
ons  passage.     My  Iioism  sininhh-d  many  a  litii".  and  procmvil 

nil'  many  a  fall;  but   asidi-  fi i  mmiu- serious  l.niisi's  and 

seratehes,  a  hat  battered  to  pii-ecs,  a  lorn  i)aii-of  tiowscis. 
and  a  .sni/foii'- ny  blaek-iow  ii  in  layM,  I  «'aine  t»nt  of  it  sal'i- 
and  sonnd.  I  ineaHiired  while  cedais  in  the  wood,  whieli 
were  as  miii'li  as  six  or  si'Vi-n  pi-rsons  could  elaspat  llie 
basi'.  and  of  proportionate  heiuht.  After  a  month's  journey, 
wi' arrived  at  Kort  \  aneoiiver. 

"On  the   ISth  of  May  the  Interview  took  ]>lace  with  the 
•general,   the    superintendent,    and    the    Indhin   eliiefs.      It^ 
juodneed  most  haitpy  results  on  both  sides.     AbonI  thr.'i; 
Ueeks"  time  was  accorded    to  tin-  chiefs    to  visit,  at  the  cost 
(if  (Jovernnieiit,  the  principal  cities  and  towns  of  the  State 
(»f  ()re<>-on  and   Washinuton  Territory,  with  every thiiii--  re- 
markable  in    the    wav  of   industrial  cstablislimeiit  ^.  stt-ani- 
en^i'ines.  fori^es,  niannfactories,  and  printiim' es!;ib:isliinents, 
—of  all  which  the  poor  Indians  can  make  nothin.u' or  very 
little.     The  visit  which  appeared  the  most  to  interest  tim 
j'hiefs  was  that  which  they  made  to  the  jirisoii  at  Portland, 
and  its  wretched  inmates,  whom  they  found  chained  within 
its  cells.     They  were  particularly  interested  in  the  caiisrs, 
nuttives,  and  dur  ition  of  their  imin-isonment ;  Chief  Alex- 
ander kept  it  in  his  mind.     Immediately  on  his  return  to  his 
camp  at  St.  Tunatins  Mission,  he  assembled  his  i)eo])le.  niid 
related  to  them  all  the  wonders  of  the  whites,  and  es]>ecially 
the  history  of  the  prison.     "We,"  said  he,    "have    n-ither 
chains  nor  prisons;  and  for  want  of  them,  no  donbt,  a  ureat 
nnniber  of  ns  are  wicked  and  have  deiif  ears.     As  chief.  I 
am  determined  to  do  my  dnty.  I  shall  take  a  whip  to  pnnisU 


II 


8, 5  J 


FAWNii  vt:ri:iiJons  i>t:sm:r.  y.  / 


( " 


i 


! 


I  " 


'-^ 


the  uicUfil;  i<i  :iii  tlmsM  wlin  liiivi- lu-i-li  guilty  *'f  iiiiy  mis- 
(l.'iiii'iiiiur  prt'-..iit  tIn'Misflvfs.  I  iiiti  iviidy."  'I'lu'  KiinxMi 
guilty  piirtii's  \\»'H«  vnWrA  ii|i(iii  l»y  imiin'.  iiiiiiiy  luvM-nit'd 
tliriii-n'ht's  of  ilifir  itwii  iiccord.  mihI  nil  urt  ivfd  ii  |ini|nir. 
lioiiiilt'  contTtinii  I 

"  Mt'l'ort'  It-aviii^'  tin*  |>!irlM  oT  rivili/iilinii,  nil  the  rliii-l's  iv- 
cfJMil  |iivN('iits  from  tJH'  jut'iifial  tiiid  MipfiiniciHlt'iii.  iiiid 
H'ltiriifd  i(»  tlii'ii'  null  (■(iiiiiiiy.  (Muitnitfd  mid  liMpiiy.  mid 
ufll  di'irriiiiiitMl  In  Ut'f|.;it  pciict' wiili  ilif  wliilt's.  Ah  for 
nil'  I  liiid  ii('('(»Mi|ilislit'(l  miiniijx  tilt!  Iiidimis  the  tiisk  wliicli 
ilic  (r(»v«'nmi»'nf  had  liiiposcd  iipnn  nif.  I  cxiihiiiicd  tn  Uio 
P'IK'ImI  my  mntivcs  I'nr  dfsiiim;-  in  rriinn  in  St.  I.niiis  l>v 
Wiiy  nl'  tlh'  illt.'linl-.  Ill'  iicccdfd  In  my  i\r>.hr  with  tlltf 
^•ivlitfsi  iilV.il'ility.  mid  in  tli.-  miswcr  wlii.ji  lie  ndilct'sscd  lo 

I .11  tills  niiiltt'r,  In;  bnro  iiinsi   ImiinniMi'  trsiimmiy  In  my 

s»'rvit'<'S. 

"Ahniit  till'  l.'tili  oiMmif,  I  :it:!iin  li'l'l  Vmicniivfr,  wiili  tlm 
ciiit'l-^.  t<»  ii'tiini  In  (lie  iiiniininiiis.  I  luisscd  the  Till,  Stii, 
:ind  mil  nlMiily  id  tli»!  MiHsinii  nf  tin-  S:icivd  llrml.  iim(»i),i,' 
til.'  C.i'iif  dwiriit's.  Tlit'iicc,  1  cniilimit'd  my  miit.'  inr  St. 
luliMlills.  uitll  F;illirl'('nll,ui:itn.  mi<l  cnliil.I.'Icd  the  tii|.  in  a 
Nvi'ck;  iK.i,  linw.'v.T,  witliniit  imiiiy  privaiiuiis,  wlii.'li  d.'- 
s»'i'v('  a  slinrt  mciiiinii  Ik'I'c. 

♦MmauiiK'  lliick.  iiutrndd.'n  fnivsts,  strewn  witli  llimisandM 
of  tives.  tlii'owndown  by  a,-:' and  sti.nii'!,  In  <'V.'i'y  diivrtinii  ; 
wli.Mv  th.'  path  is  scarcely  visihi.'.  and  is  ..IisIiik-k  d  l.y  l-ar- 
ricad.'s.  xvliich  III..  Iini's.'smv  constantly  cnmpcll.'d  to  l.'ap. 
and  which  alwavs  endan-.T  the  ri.h'rs.  Twn  liii.'  nvcis.  nr 
ratli.T.  aivat  to'nvnts.-tlu-  ('(rnr-d" Ah'ti..  and  St.  Krmicis 
r,nrniii/  travels.,  llies.-  forests  in  a  most  windiii-  coins..; 
tlic.ir  beils  are  f,>riue;l  of  enormous  d.'tached  masses  of 
rock,  and  lar-e  slippery  stones,  nnmd.'d  by  the  action  <•! 
the  water.  The  iirst  of  these  torrents  is  crossed  thirty  iinio 
times  and  the  sec.nd  thirty-two  times.  l)y  the  only  path; 
th..  water  often  comes  to  the  hors.."s  belly,  and  sometimes 
above  th..  saddle.     It  is  considered  ^ood  luck  to  escape  with 

onlv  the  leps  wet.  ^  •       .. 

'•The  two  rivers  are  separated  by  a  high  mountain,  of 


7, 

ilry  «if  miy  mis. 
"*  The  KiiusMi 
iiMiiy  invsfiitril 
I  ivt'il  a  |irii|i(pr. 

ill  the  vh'U'h  \v- 
rint<-iitli-nt,  titul 
iinl  li:i|>|>y.  tin<I 
i\liitfs.     As  Cur 

llif  tMsk  u  liicli 
NlilaiiHMl   h)  lliM 

Id  St.  lidiiis  liv 
li-sji"'   with    thu 

he  !l<Ml'«'SSI'(l  to 

I'Mtiniiiiiy  to  i!iy 

cdiivt'i'.  with  tli<* 
it'd  the  Till.  Sth. 
(I  ileait.  aiiiditti 
ny  I'diit*'  i'df  St. 
ti'(l  the  trip  ill  a 
idiis,  wJiitli  (Ic- 

1  Witll  tlldl|Sllll<lM 

every  dirt'ctidll  ; 
s|ni<'t(tl  l>y  liai- 
iiju'lli'd  td  leap, 
kd  line  livers,  or 
and  St.  Francis 
kvindiii;;"  coiirM'; 
'lied  masses  ol' 
ty  tlic  actidii  ol' 
itssed  tliirly-iiiiio 
the  only  path ; 
,  and  sdint'tinies 
'k  to  escape  with 

nil  mountain,  of 


jwTiii.n  I'll i Ell  .iniis  hi:  >:/i:r.  >  ./. 


hu:! 


nilliei'u  chain  dl"  nidiinlaiiis.  calhd  tin'  iJitt.-Mod*  rlialii. 
The   ^i<les  dl'    these    nidiintailis,    «'dvered    v.iih   liiifU     eedar 

Tdre^ts.  ami  an  i leiix'  \aiiety  df   llrs  and   pines,  piemen* 

ixn".\\  dillleiiliies  Id  liie  traveller,  dii  aecdiini  df  I  III'  •;rea! 
nnmlier «»!'  fives  whirh  lie  hidUeti  and  ralleii  aeid^-*  the  path, 
and  cdinpletely  cdver  the  >dil.     Td  the-.-  dlt^iaeles  mic-i   I'f 

adiled    immense   lields  dl*    MIdW    whii'h    have    k*   he   erd-«;,.,|, 

and  whieh  an'  at  limes  I'ldin  ei-ht  id  iue|\e  feet  d.  ep. 
.M'tei-el^lit  lidiiiM'  paiiil'iil  mairh.  ue  ai  lived  al  a  I'eaiitirul 
jilain,  enamelled  with  lldwers,  whieh  I'diiiied  the  >iiiiiiiiit  of 
Mdunt  Calvary,  where  a  rmss  wasiai-«(l  dii  my  lii'^l  |i;i.s- 
M'.lji'e.  sixtt'cii  years  il.;d. 

"In  this  lieautil'iil  situatidii,  after  sd  h.iiii-  and  rude  a 
(diirse,  I  desired  Id  eiieaiiip;  l>Mt  I'-aiher  Cdimiatd.  per- 
suaded tlial  in  twd  hdiirs  nidre  ue  shdii'.d  reach  the  I'ddt  el' 
the  nidiintaiii,  inmiced  iis  td  cdiiiintie  tin'  march.  When 
we  had  math'  tlio  six  mil  s  wliich  we  snpposeil  wc  had  lie- 
I'div  lis.  and  twelve  miles  inure,  iiarkiass  dvertddk  ;is  in  the 
midst  df  dillic'iliies.  On  the  eastern  side  df  the  mdimlaiii 
wc  fdiuid  other  hills  df  siimv  to  cro<s,  dllie:-  hanicades  of 
fallen  trees  td  siramMe  ovt  r ;  sometimes  wc  were  <mi  the 
edp' of  sheer  precii»ic(  s  of  rock,  some! lines  dii  a  sidpe  al- 
indst  perpendicular.  The  lea^t  false  step  miuht  precipitat<^ 
lis  into  the  aliyss.  VViihout  jj,iii,le,  withdiit  path,  in  the 
most  pi  ifdiind  darkness,  separated  one  from  tlie  other,  each 
cairni,L,M'or  help  wit hdiil  heiiiu-  iiMe  eiiher  to  uive  or  to  oli- 
taiii  the  least  assistance,  we  fell  auain  aiul  auain,  we  waiived, 
feelinn;  onr  Avay  with  our  liaiids,  or  crawled  on  all  fdiirs. 
blippin.u;  or  sliding-  down  as  Ics*  we  cdiild. 

"At  last  a  <,deam  of  hojie  arose;  we  heard  tlie  hoarse 
murmur  of  water  in  the  distance.  It  was  the  sdiind  df  the 
waterfalls  df  the  ur'at  stream  wliicli  wc  were  seeking.  Kadi 
diie  then  directed  his  course  tdwards  that  point.  We  all 
hadtheuood  fordiae  to  aiiive  at  the  stream  at  last,  Imt 
one  after  anotlier,  between  twelve  and  one  o'clock  in  the 
niiiht,  after  a  march  of  sixteen  hours,  fatiiiiied  and  ex- 
hausted, our  di'i'sses  torn  to  raus.  and  cevt'ied  with  seratclies 
and  bruises,  but  without  serious  injuries.    While  eating  our 


im 


hWrilHU  PET h: It  .KHIS  DH  SMHT,  s  J 


^*ll|»fM•|•.  vw'\\  one  nnnis...|  his  cnMiiiiiiiiuiis  \\\\\\  tli.-  Iihturv 
nl'  IiIh  nihlmps.  (iuo.l  l':itli.'i'  ( '.Miyhiln  iiiliiiirti'il  tliitl  In" 
litiil  iiiiKlf  n  iiiisrakf  ill  liin  calriihitidii,  iiuil  was  (In-  lliNt  to 
laii^li  ht'ailily  af  liis  l)|iinil«>r.  Our  |Mi..r  Imhwh  foiiiid  ii  itli- 
liiu:  fit  t'af  all  riiulil  in  I  his  uilMcniMc  iintiiiiiaiii  ^;i|>. 

••  I  riimi.ii  iiiiiit  Ik'iv  h-sjjfviiiLr  my  liii|i>lii«>ilii*"  t<Mill  flu' 
KatlM'iN  ami  MruiJi.-is  »tf  jIh-  .\li>>iuii>.  of  tli*'  Siiriisj  \h\\\\ 
aiitl  ol'  Sf.  Itrriiitliis.  fur  rhflr  tndy  fnilt'inal  riuuify  fn\vai(h 
iiif.  ami  flic  «'IIIi'a<'ioiis  ai<l  uliii-li  rlicy  n'lidi-ri'd  mm'  tnwaiih 
fiillilliii;;' the  Hprctal  iiiissidii  \\|i|ili   iijid  jj^fn  ininisjcd  to 

IIH'. 

**  As  Fafh<'i('uiii:iiitol<iM'psfJn»  \'n'y  ]{t'v«>r>'tid  Fatiu'i'dcn. 
iMiil  iiil'uriht'd  of  fh"  actual  sfsitc  of  tlif  luhsimis  ol'  (jn. 
jiiuiinhniH,  il  is  iiimt'fvssnry  fni'  riif  hi  ftifcr  into  all  its 
•  Iptails.  I  rrcitiiiiiH'iid,  t's|i«'fi;dly,  lln's*'  iMinp  rliildivn  of 
111.'  doscrr  t'»  !iis  inirj'nial  aitciitititi  and  cliaiity,  uiid  to  uiir 
imiiM'diatM  siijH'iiojH  in  fliis  joiindy. 

'•  I>iviin«  l'i<>v|di-?i/«'  will  nut.  I  li(>i»',  (iliandnn  fln-in.  Tlicy 
liavf  iilri'sidy  a  irii'iit  ifinnilicr  of  inf>'i«'»'ss(ii's  in  lifavfn,  in 
\\\v  tlumxands  of  iln-ii- <'liildi"n,  i\v\u\  sljniily  aiii'i-  liajttisni, 
in  tlic  niunlK'fof  tfoud  Ciirisiian  adults  ainoii^-  thcni,  wlm. 
Iiaviiiir  led  trniid  lives,  jiavc  (piiitcd  lids  world  in  the  most 
|)iuus  <lisii<isifion^  ;  tlwy  can  csiit'cially  connt  np.tn  the  |>rn- 
tctfiun  of  lioinsc,  (»|"  the  trilic  of  Cii-nr d" Alrncs,  an<l  (if 
Jj<)y<»(a.  cidt'f  of  the  Kalis[)('ls,  whose  lives  wer  •  an  niunter- 
rupted  series  of  acts  of  heroic  virtue,  and  ulu»  died  alllKtst 
in  the  o({or  (if  sanctity. 

"On  the  '2'2i\  .d'  Inly,  I  left  th.-  Missiun  of  St.  roiuitius.  ao- 
conipaniedlty  Father  Cotif^ia  to,  \vith  .voine^qjides  and  Indian 
liunters.  The  distance  to  Fort  Menton  Is  ahout  tw<t  hun<l- 
Yv{\  miles.  The  country,  for  the  first  fcur  diiys,  is  plctu- 
re.s(iue,  and  presents  no  obsta<'le  to  tra\ellin«r.  It  is  a  siir- 
oossion  of  forests  easily  traversed,  of  beautiful  prairies,  ini' 
l»etiH)ns  torrents,  pretty  rivulets;  heie  and  there  are  lakes, 
from  three  to  si. \  miles  in  circumference,  whose  .vaters  are 
clear  as  crystal,  well  stored  with  tish  (d"  various  kinds; 
nothinur  ca?',  he  niorechanninir  than  the  prospect.  'We  called 
one  of  the  largest  of  tliese  lakes,  S*t.   Mary. 


war 


J. 

h  tti»'  lihfurv 
lirti'il  tliMt  lii> 

IS  till'  lllsj  to 
i'!H   foilJld  llJtll- 

lit"        to  III!    lIlM 

S;irli'<l  limit 
luiify  (hwiuiIh 
'd  fill'  tMWjiiiJH 

I    illll'll^t)•(l    til 

I'l  Kiitlu'i'(M'ii. 

hsidiH   III'   t|u» 

i>i-  iiil«>  all  its 
r  rliildn-H  of 
y,  uimI  to  our 

fi  (lii'iih  TIii'j' 
ill  In-avi'ii.  Ill 
UliT  liiiittism, 
fS  tlicni,  who, 
il  in  til)'  inosr 
lip. Ill  til)'  pro- 
It'ikc.s,  Jill) I  of 
".*  nn  iniiiifcr- 
(•  »li»'(l  almost 

.  F^'iiJitiiis,  ar- 
t's aiiil  Indian 
It  two  lininl- 
ays,  is  plctn- 
It  is  a  siic- 
I  i)iaiii«'s,  iiii-' 
ere  uiv  lakes. 
^e  '.vaters  are 
riouH  ki?ids  : 
t.     We  called 


WHauER  PKTKn  Jottx  m:  ssikt,  s.  j 


WCi 


•'On  fill'  SOthof  .lul>  w«»  i'ro!*M'ilflifni)>iintn!jn\lili'b»t'|>;ii'« 

iitfs  til)' s)»iu'.'t's  ol  til-'  riarkf  lllv»'r  from  ih"' I'  ili'-  Min. 

soiiri,  at  flit)  isili  dt"4ifi')»f  iKHlli  laiitii<l<' ami  iId'  lloili  in 
loli;;iti|il)'.  Till'  crossiii;;  do«''  li)>l  laUi-  imni'  ihuii  an  half  an 
JDiiir.  and  h  vi-ry  I'asy.t'Vfii  f<tr  wnpnisiMul  nuls.  Ai  ilio 
«>:iH|iM'ii  ImsiMif  tliti  HiK'ky  Mountains  itto  pltiliis  nii  iiii>iiii- 
faliioiH,  un  1  alnnttt  ilotiini)*  nl"  tinilo'C ;  uo  croHM-d  ••vtinl 
small  Htit'ams  Im'Ioiv  v.i-  ifatln'il  tln^  Snn  IJivir.  ai'd  follouid 
«|))wii  its  valli'V  aliii'i^t  t«i  its  month.  \V«' vislti'd  tln' lU'ivai. 
falls  of  ill)'  MiHsonii  <»ii  )iur  way.  Tlit'  iiriiii'ipal  iall  ii 
iiiiii'ty-tlii't')'  fi'i't  lii^li. 

•' KalinT  lIoiM-ki'tiaml  Hrotla-r  Mairii  nii't  iis  in  tliis\  ii-iiiiiy. 
On  tli)'-,*.Mii  wt'arriv.il  lit  [''lil  H-ntoii,  a  po  ,i  of  tlii'St.  I/ciis 
l''iir  ('ompaiiy.  wlu'ii'  w'  re«'«'lvt'i|  ilif  k'''"'*"*'  aii'Hiii'a 
from  all  its  luinuti's;  wo  ffd  particularly  ii!tliy;i'd  lo  .N|i. 
Dois.iti,  till'  Hnpi'i'iiiti'ndi'nt  <»f  tln'  fort,  for  lii<  c))atinni'd 
kimlnt'ss  ami  cliaiity  tn  all  i»mi  mi^^siuiiMrit's.  .Miiy  tlii-  l^md 
protect  and  reward  liim  !  Tln'  MlackT'i't  <H«'npy an  imim'iisir 
territory  in  this  nt'i;.,dil)orlioo(l ;  tla'y  n-ckoii  from  t)'n  to 
(vvelv)' thousand  souls  in  tlu' si.v  irilit's  whii-li  rdinpKst'  this 
liatioii.  'I'lii'y  have  bi't-ii  askiii.i;  lor  Mack^dv.ns  (prirsisi 
for  many  years,  ami  tin  ir  th-slre  appfjirs  unive'sal.  In  my 
visit  to  th)'m  in  1840,  liiey  be^'^cd  mo  to  .s?nd  a  Fatla-r  to 
instruct  tliem. 

"Father  Iloecken  is  now  in  tlies)»  parts,  and  I  have  just 
read  with  th«  fj;rivit)'st  ph-asiiii',  in  the-  '  Annals  of  the  Pro- 
pagation of  tli»^  Faith,'  that  th»' wi>rk  of  tlii»  omversion  of 
the  HIaekfett  has  hi't'ii  comnii'ticod,  with  the  «Mitlreapiiroliu- 
tiou  of  tlui  V«>iy  ir  vei'j'nd  l-'atlH-r  (tt'M)'ral. 

"On  our  arrival  in  thenei.ulilMtihoo<l.\vt'  found  a  lar;i;ennni- 
lier  of  Indians  encamiM-d  around  and  near  the  fort.  Tt  was 
the  period  for  the  annual  distiibntion  of  ju'esents.  They 
manif<\sled  their  joy  at  the  presciD'e  of  a  missi))nary  in 
their  country,  and  l;opeil  that  'all  wouM  o])cn  to  him 
their  ears  and  heart,'  Th(>  chief  of  a  lar^e  cam]),  in  oito 
of  our  visits,  related  to  us  a  ii  niarkable  circumstance,  whidi 
1  think  worthy  of  mention. 

"  Wlien  Father  Toint  was  among  the  lilackfoet,,  he  jire- 


( 

I 


«h 


ft 


MtM 


rAWF.n  VKTEii  jnnx  nx  ftVKT.  a / 


N'titt'tl  Honi<>  i>riN>«<><(  to  ninny  v\u*U  an  iiruk'*  of  illsMitrMun, 
i:ilil  •'XplttillftI  to  liii'in  llhit'  Mi};iiitlr;klli*ll,  •'Xlioitlit^  tlnm, 
nlii-n  III  il!iiiu'''r.  !'•  Iiivnk"'  tli''  Smi  of  (iimI.  wlinx**  liiiiivrt' 
tlii'V  IhiI')',  niiil  l<)  place  nil  ilifir  rtinllitrtitv  hi  him.  I'Iim 
rhiif  who  r«>liili'<l  \\wsf  ilctiiih  mix  o)ii>  nf  a  Ixiiul  of  thhiy 
hi<ll:iiiH  who  wi'rit  h»  wur  aKiiiii«tt  (Im*  I'iuvvn. 

**'rin'('ro\vs  h:iviiiu;  L'oi  Mpoii  ihi'ir  (mil.  ^'iiihrp-il  (o;r«'(hfi' 
In  lm'4t»' iiihI  in  ui'iii  imililimh-H  to  li^iht  iiiul  «U»noy  iht'iii, 
Tht'V  Mtitii  caiiK*  up  with  thi'iii  in  u  position  of  ilio  fort'st, 
W'h«'i'«-  they  hml  niinh'  a  hairlnKh'  of  fulhn  tiii's  tiiitl 
luiiiu'hi't,  iiitil  Hun'oiniilfil  thfin.  hhoiitiii^r  r«-idrioii«*ly  tln' 
tlivail.-il  \v:if  cry.  'I'ln"  MI:i<Uf»'fl.  roiisjili'iiliLi;  tin'  Mlpt'liof 
iinnil'fis  i»f  the  i-nmiy  ulm  lliiis  Hiiipii^fil  ihi-ni,  wvw  liinilv 
ptTsuaili'l  that  thi-y  iihoiiltl  p«'ri>ii  at  ili<ii-  haiul.x.  nn.-  of 
Iht'in  Ixd'o  on  hin  Itifant  tlif  ^iJ^n  of  Milvation.  Ilf  n'lufin- 
JM-rvtl  th.'  words  of  tli-'  I'liicKLCown  ii'aMi.-r  I'oiiili,  ami  r»'- 
niiiiih'tl  his  rompaiiioiis  of  thftii  ;  ail  >hont<Ml.   •  It   is  oar 

only  thaiK f  sal'oiy.'      'I'lu-y  then  invoUi'd  tin  Sjonof  (J«m|. 

aiul  nislu'<l  from  tla-  Itnnicadt'. 

"Thi'li.'aivi'uf  till'  <'n>ss,  hoi  lipirit  up  in  his  haml.  IimI  the 
way.  folh.wr.l  l.y  nil  tho  ivst.  Tin-  Crows  ilisrhainctl  a 
nli..w)'rof  arrows  nii<l  iMilh'N  at  iln'ni.  hut  no  oin*  was  Ht'i'l- 
oiisly  injiiivd;  tht'y  all  happily  «'N<np»<l.  On  romli'dinK 
his  stat.'m.'nt.  th.-*  Hiiff  ndd.Ml.  with  .-n.-rtry  and  ('.■.■liii^': 
♦  Yfs,  tlh'  pray«'r  (ivliKi'»a>  "•'  'l'*'  ^'•"  "'"  ^'•"'  ''^  lli«'(.idy 
^oud'aiid  p.A\v*rfiil  one;  w.-  all  «h'siiv  to  hofona' woilUy  of 
It,  and  to  adopt  It.' 

"My  inti'ntion,  wh.'n  T  l.-ft  (J.-noral  Unrnry.  wnn,  Avith 
Ills  n.i*is.Mit,  to  CO  all  th.' way  to  SI.  I.onis  on  hor.sfhat'k,  in 

tlM'  hop.'  of  I Iiiitr>»  lap,"'  nnrnhfr  of  In-lian  trilx's.  <'sp«'- 

fi.ally  lit.'  lar^.'  find  pf)w.'rfnl  tri»».'  of  Comanch.M.  I  wa.H 
ol.li^r.Ml  to  renown.".'  this  pr..j.'ct.  f..r  my  six  lu.r.ses  w.-iv  .-n- 
tiivly  worn  ..at,  an.l  unlit  for  makini:  so  lonj,'  a  journey; 
th.-y  w.Mv  all  mom  or  h'ss  sad.ll.'  ^all.-.l,  an.l,  n.>t  bein^' 
kIkmI.  th.'ii  laiofs  \v.>r.Mv<»rn  in  crosslni,'  the  rocky  hottonis 
of  tlie  rivers,  and  the  rou<rli,  r.ieky,  m.»untain  roads. 

"In  this.litlicnltv.  T  ord.Mvd  a  llttl.-  skilT  t..  he  made  at 
F..rt    H.-iiton,    wr.rthv  Mr.  Dur.s.m,  sup.'rlnt.Mident  of   the 


ilhHnriinn, 

11  liini.  'I'litt 
tiiil  I'f  thiriy 

r.MUt'V  lln'ril, 
.r  til.'  fori'sf, 
II  Itt'i'.s  iiikI 
o<it.ii>«ly  fill' 

|||)>  M(|>*'l'ii>l' 
,  Writ'  lilllllv 

kIm.     ( Mil'  of 
III'  Ifllll'lll- 

llllt  I,   II  IK  I    |M. 

1.  '  It  is  oiir 
'Son ol'  (•ml, 

iiitid.  !p(1  tlip 
(liNrliiil';.^cil  11 
•m*  wiiH  Hcrl- 

tl    (•nllcll'dillU 

iiiid  iVi'liii^': 
I  is  till'  fiiily 
till'  wuitjjy  <»r 

■\\  \\;\f*,  Avitli 
lior.si'lKick,  ill 
Iriln'H.  I'Hpi'- 
lolii's.  1  was 
rses  \v»'i«'  I'U- 
,'  a  j()iini"y; 
il,  not  bein^- 
•cUv  Ixjttonis 
roads. 

o  ho  mridc  at 
ndt'iit  of   the 


KM  It  nil  I'trrnii 'f'nr>>  f>^'  ^"''  "  •'• 


m 


V 
tlih 


•'»trron»i>!»nv.  hud  ih.'  vory  .««••:•»  Kindm-s  lo  pior'nv  '»»» 

lihf  .Mii-.m.*H  an.l  u  pilot.     <>ii  tlu'.Mli  of  Aiiirn-i   I   lid.t 

.Hllr'll  to    |'';itlliis  ronuliltoiilid    lloirUm.  lllld   d' HI    iUuilH-r 

Miiuii.  lllld  .iiilMiiUid  on  t'li'  Ml^-oiiil,  «lil.li  I-  .vMiiuM 
rordiinu.'ts  of  na\iuiillon  Hinus  tin«l  lui-id^  ImIiiu  nniiifroiiH 
In  till'  iip(»'i'ilv«'i'. 

••\V.'  di'-ti'i'iili'd  till'  >iii';mi  al"»iii  'i.  l"o  niih-s  in  our 
...H'UI.'^li.'ll.  .iiiiUiii":  lirjv.  Mxty,  lllld  soni.'tlin.'»«,  wjii'ii  iIim 
win.l  rnvoi'Mil  m,  vUhty  nill.'»  u  day.  W.-  took  ili.*  Hist 
M..anitiout  w-  ti..'  ill  Oii'.iliii  nty.  Tin'  .t.iini.'i  mad.. 
niMHit  TOO  f„i|.'^  Ill  «'v  days,  and  on  tin- '.'lid  of  Spli-ndHT 
vi^'il  MjOiiil.id.v  Ml' M.'i.'y.\s>'.'iiiii"d  thi'poitol  St.  b.nis. 

'  hiMiim  liiis'loi'.i  lilp.m  tl.«  riv.'i'w.'  p!isM.dtli.'iiiulitH  ill 
Ili(.  op.'n  air.  "i  nnl.-ia  lillli- l"iit.  ..rt.'n  on  saiidl-aiilxs.  to 
nvoid  till'  ii(iiil>l.'^om.'  ni'.s.piiio.'s.  oi*  on  llif  skills  of  u 
plain,  or  in  an  miirodd.M.  tlii 'Ix  I'ofi'st.  NV.'oli.'n  h.-ard  tli.» 
lio^linu'H  of  til.  w..Iv.m;  and  .ln'  «n(Mtl».u  of  tin'  Kii/./.ly 
iM'ar,  till'  Uiiiir  of  tininials  in  tli.'s.«  pav.s.  di>tnil«.'<l  oiif 
^|.'.•p.  llllt  withoiii  alariiiiim'  ns,  In  tin-  di-M.  rt  oiim  pi'ir.'iv.'s 
tliiit  tJod  has  iinphiiiti-d  in  tin'  hl'.'ast  of  ill.'  wild  Ih'msIs  iIim 
frar  'if  man.  In  ih"  di's.'it.  iiho,  w»' M' '  .'Mahl.d.  in  a  par 
ti.'iiliif  way.  to  •idmir.' and  lutliaiih  that  l»i\iiii'  l'rnv\d"in'M 
Avhi.li  wat.'hi"''  willi  so  niiirli  soliriindi'  omt  his  childr.M. 

"'riiiTi'.  is  .1  liiiiialily  v.-rilii'd  tin-  li-M  of  St.  .Mattlu'w: 
M'onsid.T  till'  hiids  of  tin'  aif,  tln-y  >ow  not,  hiit  your 
Ih'av.'iily  Kath.'i'  I'l'i-tln  tin in;  aiv  .m'  ii"I  "f  niiirli  nion» 
viilni'  than  tln'yf  During'  tli.-  whoh'  r.»ntt«,  our  wants  wi'Il 
conslaMly  snp,'lii'')  ;  y.'s,  w.'  lived  in  th.'  midst  of  tli.» 
^I'cati'si  ahnndaiiiv,  'I'll.'  rivi'is  fiirnislii'd  n*  .'x.'.'ll.'Ht  (isli, 
wat.'r-f.twl,  .Incks,  jrc.'s.',  and  swans;  the  fot-.'sts  an  1  i»laiiis 
;ravi'  IIS  fruits  and  roots.  \V.'  ni'v.'f  wanti-d  foi-  •.iiih'.  Wh 
found  i'\i'rywlii'r<'i'ithi'f  imnii>ns.>  h.'rdsof  l>iilTaIo.->.  ord.'.-r, 
aiu.'lop.',  nioiintain  shrcp,  or  l)i^'-horns,  pli.'asanis,  wil.l  tnr- 
kt'ys,  itnd  partri  lir.'s. 

•'On  till'  way,  aloinr  the  Missouri,  I  m.'i  thonsamls  of 
Indians  of  dilfi'iviit  tiilii's  Crows,  .\ssinil>..ins,  Miintari.'s, 
Mandans,  Kickarit's.  Sioiix.  etc  I  always  sloppi'd  a  day  or 
two  with  tht'iii.     1  rert'ivi'd  the  greatest  marks  of  ivspect 


M^ 


'I' 

I  1 


808 


FATIlKli  VKIKR  JOIIS  1>K  SMET,  S.  J. 


iiiid  iifTt'ctioii  fi'oni  Hh'sc  liitlinto  imtiiloitMl  cliildivn  of  tlio 
l»liiiii.s  and  iimmitaiiis.  and  they  lisicncd  t(»  my  \vor<ls  with 
the  utmost  attoiilioii.  For  many  y«'ais  tlK-sc  jmor  tribt-:; 
Lave  dcsirt'd  to  have  missionaiics,  and  to  br  instiiictfd, 

•'My  ,u;r<'att'st.  I  may  say,  almost  my  oidy  ('onsolafion.  isio 
liavt'  been  the  inslrumt'iit.  in  tlic  Iiaml  of  Divine  Pi'o\  idmcf, 
of  the  eternal  salvation  of  a  ^re:it  nnmbiT  of  jiitle  eliildivn  ; 
(»f  about  nine  luindred  1  baptized,  many  were  sicj^Iy.  and 
seemed  only  to  wait  i'or  tliis  liapjiiness,  to  tly  to  (Jod  to 
praise  liini  i'or  all  etennty. 

"To  (J(»d  alone  bi' all  t  he  ,<,doi'y  ;  and  t()  llie  Ulessed  \iriiiii 
^fary,  our  most  humble  and  most  i>i'ol'ound  lhaid\s  Uw  tlu^ 
protection  and  benelits  received  dnrinu'  this  lonn'  journev. 
After  haviuir  travelled,  by  land  ami  river,  over  S,:?14  miles, 
and  (5.!).")()  on  sea,  without  any  serious  a<'cident.  1  arri\ed 
safe  and  sound  at  St.  Louis,  amojii;  my  dear  brethren  iii 
Jesus  Christ.     I  am,  with  the  most  sincere  respect, 

''  Your  servant  in  Christ, 

"P.  .J.  Di:8.mi:t,  S.J.'' 


\i 


M^ 


lildrcii  of  tlio 
k'  words  with 
ii  ])nor  li'iht'M 
stiMcff'd. 

su];itioil.  is  Id 
'  l*l'o\  idt'iicc. 
tli>  cliildl'cll  ; 
'  sicl\Iy.  :iiid 
ly  to  (Jod  to 

It'sscd  \iriiiij 
inks  foi'  tin* 
oii,H'  joiinu'v. 

S,:5l'4  iMJl.'s. 
lit.  I   ;iiri\i'd 

blftlili'ii  ill 
cct, 

MLT,  S.J."' 


CliAl'TKT?    TV. 

riii;  >i  N>i;r  m    i.ii  i:. 

T//r  ('<i.'//"/i>'  r,iilh  (ind  I  In-  I  ml  ion  The  S/,(if:i  frihi— 
T/nir  rirtiKs  -Tin  Ir  vomil rii-T.'ir  lulmnu,  phiiii  --Tin'. 
J-'lallKtir  rii-i  r  .\ijih-iilhii-(  -  lloin  s' ;/-  .\infihi(f  i>f  nn, 
itUI  clihf—A  >/i>>iii;f  inirriiir  nhd  hlx  hrith  —  A  Ulth'  lii- 
(Ihni  rhiirr/i  —T/if  iiiis.siinmrif  hikI  Hw  hitliniift-' < >IiI 
Chhf  Mirlitiil  '  IfoiiDi-H  (o  Fiilln  r  lii  Sunt  on  ///s/asf 
rixil  l'>  l'liir(>i>r  A  xd'l.  (ii-i'hh  )il  -  P'dlh  (>f'  FnlJii  I'  Ih: 
i^iiift^f/,,'.  iiiiujiuLudc  oj  li'iH  iraik-'iid  nmjoii  lu  Ihl 
ijhn'Ui  til." 

Tlu' nitiuic  inlliu'iin' of  the  Cntliolic  ivliirion  in  traiisfonn- 
\w\i  tilt'  Iiidiiiii  is  iis  rt'm:irk;d>lo  in  our  own  tinii>  ns  it  wiis  in 
tiu'days  of  Jiivlx'nf  ami  .Man[nt'lt('.  Many!)!"  tlif  tribes  con- 
verted by  Father  De  Snu't  and  his  apostolic  conii)anions  be- 
came model  ('hristians.  ^Ve  have  room  to  recount  but  ono 
instance  —the  Skalzi  Indians. 

Speakinicof  tiiis  tribe,  the  illustrious  lilack.u'fiwinvrites,  in 
1801:  "I  visited  these  jiood  savages,  for  the  first  time,  in 
the  summer  of  184;"),  on  \vhich  occasion  T  had  tlie  happiness 
to  re<,'enerate  all  their  little  children  in  the  holy  waters  of 
Baptism,  as  well  as  a  lav.ue  number  of  adults.  T  sjiw  tliese 
dear  children  again  in  is:)0  :  and  the  visit  filled  me  with  in- 
expressible joy.  l)ecanse  they  had  remained  faithful,  true  to 
tlio  Faith,  and  fervent  an,''  zealous  Christians. 

"They  were  the  consolation  of  the  missionaries,  and  shone 
conspicuous  by  their  virtues  anionii' the  tribes  of  the  liocky 
Mountains.  They  were  especially  dlstinuuished  by  an  ad- 
mirable simplicity,  a  great  charity,  and  a  rare  honesty  in  al^ 
their  dealings  with  their  neighbors,  and  an  innocence  of 
manner  worthv  of  the  primitive  Christians." 

809 


870 


iwruKii  VKTun  .ion\  in:  s)fi:T,  s.j. 


I'^itliir  D(>  Snit't  follows  tlii>^  liy  :i  slmrt  nccouiit  of  tho 
tiil>"' :iii(l  <'oiiiilr\ .  "Tin' two  irilcs  oI'iIh'  Kni't<ii;i\  s  iiiid 
Fhiiliiiws.'*  he  siiys.  "  imnibfr  over  ii  tliuusiiinl  suiils.  Tln'.v 
nil'  jiriiiripiilly  dividt'd  into  two  ciiuiiis,  and  sik-  Uiu'UIi  in 
tlii'ii'  cumill'V  uiid.'i'  till-  luiim-  of  Sk:ilzi.  OiM'  <•!  llifs.-  ciiiiips. 
iiimilM^riiif:;  hIkhH    tliivc    hmidivd,   iidiidiits  .sdiiH'liiiM's  ilic 

n,.in|,l„)i'l I  nl'   the  ,i:iv:il    l'M;illn':id    I.Mkf.  :iiid  .'•(Hiiclinifs 

the  nit'iit  'rnliMcco  IMiiin.  wliidi  is  unicK-d  \>\  tlic  K(.rtrii:iy 
Kivcr     till' distiUiCf  is  Mliinit  si'\cnty  inilcs. 

"'rii«>  T")l):icc(>  I'hiiii  is:t  iviiini  k;di|c '^iiol.  sitii;ilfd  lirtwrm 
the  rorty-iiiiith  :md  liftit'lli  di-iiivcs  of  in.iili  l:itiliid<'.  :iiid  is 
till'  oidy  ^'ivat  phtili  jiosscssrd  liy  this  (•:iiii]i.  It  is  mIouI 
liftv  orVixty  ndli's  loii.u-.  by  lit'l.-fii  dftwriily  miles  mwidili. 
It  ivscinMi's  :i  liii'iic  hiisiii,  siiiiniiiidrd  by  inl'lv  iiKHiiilailis, 
uldrli  i'onii  a  vast  and  bfaiitirul  aiiipliitlicativ.  and  pivs.nls 
a  I'irtiiif-ciiit'  siulit.  'i' II'  I'laiii  lias  all  tla-  ai'iKaiaiic'  of 
tla- dry  b.-d  of  a  vast  lake  'I'ov.aids  tlif  ^oullltll(•  \all.'y 
is  -i'lavclly.  iiiiiliilatiiiu'.  imd  covcird  \\illi  littli-  hillocks,  and 
].atcli<'s  linv  and  lii.-ivaiv  siis(v|ilil«l('  <'f  niltivatioii  ;  thf 
iiortiici'iiii  )ilioii.  viii  the  contra ly.  lias  a  nniioim  siiii'accand 
a  considerable  extent  of  excellent  arable  land. 

'•Thonuli  the  lantl  is  very  elevated,  and  far  towai  is  the 
norfli.  the  teniix'faltireis  ivniaikal-iy  mild.  seveiec(.id  bciii,!,' 
a  lare  occiirn-nee,  ami  th-  snow  is  seldom  dcej);  it  falls  fre- 
(juentlv  dnrimi- the  season,  but  disaM  ears  aln;osl  as  it  falls, 
absorb'ed.  ])erhai)s.  by  tli."  vai.d'a<'lion  of  the  alinospheiv  at 
this  elevation,  or.  iierhaps.  diiven  oil'  by  the  sontliern  bre.>/.e, 
Avhicli  blows  almost  nnint.'irni. redly  in  tin-  valley,  a.nd 
drives  the  snowolTas  it  falls,  lloins  and  lioined  cattle 
lind  abundant  iiaslnre  dnriim"  tlie  whole  year. 

■•The  lar-e  liver,  called  indiU'ercntly  th<'  Koelenay.  the 
^JcCJilvrav.  and  the  Fhitbow  l?iver.  flows  throii.-li  theentin^ 
valley.  It  rises  to  the  iiovtliwest  of  this  redon.  and  its 
course  is  towards  the  southeast  for  a  considerabh'  distance. 
The  waters  of  tliis  jrivat  river  are  increased  by  a  lar^e 
number  of  brooks  and  l>eautifnl  livuh'ts,  whicli  have  tlieir 
source,  for  the  most  part,  in  tlie  lovely  lakes  or  nnm.'rons 
basins  of  these  beautiful  mountains.     Many  of  these  streams 


iwriirM  riJTKii  Joiix  nr:  sMirr.  >  ./. 


87J 


•cnlUlt  of    tll*^ 

pt'iciuiys  iiiid 
souls,  'riicy 
no  know II  in 

lIlCSC  Cillll])'^. 
illH'lillM'S     the 

111  sollirliiiics 
tlic  KortriiMV 

IMlfil  lirlwrcn 

titiidt',  :iii(l  is 
It  is  mIhuH 
lilcs  in  width, 
y  iiiniiiiiains, 
iilid  lilcsciitM 
i|i|ic;ii;i!ic«'  of 
nil  tlic  \idlry 
■  liillocks.  iind 
Itiviilioii  ;  tlif 
111  siiri'ni'c  iiiul 

I'   tow;ii!s   till' 

ell'  cold  lifin.Li; 

,);  it  fulls   frt'- 

(isl  :is  it  i'iiUs, 

iltlll<is|ilicl('  ilt 

iilliorii  lii('t'/.t\ 
I'  viillcy,  iiiid 
lioiiu'd   ciitth^ 

|\ocl«'ii!iy.  the 
iii:li  tlicciitiir 
i'uioii.  !ind  its 
r;il)l('  distiiiK'o. 
•d  l>y  a  liii'fi'o 
icli  liiivc  tli»'ir 
s  or  iiiinicroiis 
f  tlu'st'stiviuns 


prcMont  to  tin-  .-vo  tli.-  nmsf  rlmnnintr  s.vn.s  in  ili.u  .uiiiso. 
Ti„.  nuis..  of  tli"cir  w:il..|s  iind  tli-  swr.-t  ninni.nr  -I  iIm-ii« 
f  ,i|s  iiiv  li-:iid  ilt  sonir  distnn.-.'.  niid  ilu'  •■>.>  is  .•liniiiird  l.v 
,„.■„■  drsr,.Mt  IVoiii  li.-i,i:lit  :'ft..r  li.-i'Jn.  Miid  tl...ir  sikmvssi.m, 
.,r  riM^nd^.s.  fiuiii  ulii.di  tliry  .—niM.  tn  ill"  I'him.  ••..wird 
,,•„,,  |'.,;„„.  ;,iid.  ns  ii  uviv.  ..xl.niM.'d  In  \Ur  sini-v^L's  n| 
ll„.  u:iy.  Tli.-M.  iiiuiiniMin  fiivnts  will  soiiio  dny  Im- ilir  mK's 
uf  mills  of  fvriv  (L'scriptioii. 

••(•o'd  ."xisls  ill  iiKiiiv  i.oiii.»ns  of  th.'  ronntiy.  I.  nd  is 
rmind  ill  i.lMiii.hr.r,..  and"  I  vntiiiv  losiy  that  inoiv  luy.'ioiis 
n.inrrals  ivposr  in  iIm'  1m.s..iii  of  tlic  iiioiintain>.  niid  v.  il.  on.. 

(liiv  lit'  l»i'oiiiJ,lit  to  liiilit  thnv. 

-Tlic  Indiiins  liav  d. v.trd  tlicnisdvcs  to  a-iiciiltiirc  lor 
sonic  vcaisi.asl.    'i'lirv  <-iilli\atc  liltic  li.-lds  of  tiiai/c.  Lnrlcy. 
oats,  iind  i.otatocs.  all  of  wlii.'li  vipcii.     it   is  niic  tlial   llic 
frost  injures  the  crops  l.cloic  the  s.^a^.n  of  harvest,      llieir 
small  ii'cMs  cannot  l-c  extduled,  owino'  t(.  tlu- want  ol  m- 
stniinentscd'a-ii.'ullmc.     They  are  c<.nii did  to   turn    the 
,>.,i'lh  xviiliinstnnncntsof  theniost    viimiiiv   (■..nstniciioii. 
snchas.\daniniavhaveu-c.linliisday.     The  p-niied  stick. 
m-nle  of  n  verv  hard  xNoml.  is  what  tln^y  have  ii->ed  troin 
.,„vs  iinnieinorial  to  di-  up  the  ^..///'^v/^  the    hitter-root,  the 
>nfj>,>a/r»    [s,>;/ifh>/uh-'>K\\u'    '■,nou:<.   nv    blscuit-loot.   aic. 
other  ven'ctahles  (d"  the  same  descripiior. 

-ThcM' Indians  are  verv  iinlustrioiis.  They  aiv  raivly  iin- 
enn.k.ved,  Tiicir  tini."  is  fully  o.-.aipied  in  making;  kons 
and  arrows,  lines  or  hooks,  or  in  hnntin-  :ind  l--;!'"!;^.  <.r 
MM-kin--  io..ts  or  wild  fruits  f..r  their  numerous  lanulies. 
Thev  extcml  their  hunt  often  to  the  oivat  i.lainso.  the 
lila.'kfeet  and  the  Crows  to  the  east  <.f  the  Hocky  MoUH- 
fains.on  the  upper  waters  of  the  Missouri  and  the  Saska- 
.],awin  Deprived  as  they  are  of  a-ricultural  instruments 
pjid  lireanns,  they  are  always  in  want,  and  they  n.ay  Le 
raid  to  keep  a  perpetual  Lent. 

'^The  missionaries  furnished  them  with  a  lew  j.lows 
and  spades.  Last  year  I  h.ruard,.d  to  them,  hy  th." 
'  tram.'r  ..f  Hie  Missouri  Fur  ("on.pany  at  St.  Loins,  s..m.. 
iiccessary    a-ricultural    implements,    .such  as  ph.ws,   »-tc.; 


31 

n 


872 


/wriih'ii  I'lrnm  .loiis  dh  s.wirr.  .v. ./. 


I)iif  flic  lioiit  was  hiuiu'd,  with  all  her  cai^^ts  above  (Ik-  ^'^l• 
Imv.stdiir  liivt-r 

"It  is  much  to  1)H  i'<%'rcttc(l  that  iin  iioic  cati  he  done  fur 
these  good  Indians,  for,  ol"  all  the  mountaiu  tribes,  Ihcy  arc 
at  once  tlic  bcs|-dis|i().scd  and  the  most  liccessltdlis.  The 
ht't/ii-i'/idf  r  the  Indian  chaiactcr.  nncontaminatcd  by  con- 
tact witli  the  whites,  is  bmnd  amon<j;  them.  What  is  nioiit 
pleasinjx  to  tilt;  straiiLCcr,  is  to  see  their  simplicity,  united 
with  sweetness  and  iniinceiic*',  keeit  stej)  wiili  the  most  y'X'V- 
fect  di<iuily  and  modesty  of  depoitnient.  'I"lu'  jiross  vices 
which  disliouof  the  led  man  on  the  fidnticis  are  utterly  un- 
known amoiif:;  them.     'I'liey  are  iKniest  to  sciuiiulosity. 

"Tlie  Hudson's  I5ay  Cumpany.  dnriiiylhe  forty  years  that 
it  has  Ix'cn  tradin;,'  in  liirs  with  them,  has  never  been  able  to 
I)"r('eive  that  the  smallest  (ibjcct  had  been  stolen  ridin  them. 
The  afi;ent  of  the  c(jm[tany  takes  Jiis  fnisdewn  t(»  Colville 
every  sprin^r,  and  does  not  return  before  autumn.  l>urin,!j; 
his  absence,  the  store  is  conti(h'd  t(»  the  care  of  an  Indian, 
who  traiU'S  in  the  uiinie  of  the  <iim[)aiiy.  aii<l  on  llie  return 
of  thea^eiit,  renders  liini  a  most  exact  account  of  histriist. 
1  repeal  here,  what  1  stated  in  a  iirece»liii,u'  letter,  that  the 
store  often  remains  witliout  any  one  to  watch  it.  the  dof»r 
unlocked  and  unholted,  and  the  ji'ooils  are  never  stolen. 
The  Indians  <ro  in  and  out,  hel|»  themselves  to  what  they 
want,  and  always  scrupulouslv  leave  in  place  of  whatever 
artich  they  take  its  exact  value. 

'•The  followiuir  anecdote  will  .serve  to  liive  an  idea  of  the 
delicacy  of  conscience  of  these  fiood  Indians. 

"An  old  chief,  poor  and  lilind.  came  from  a  tireat  dis- 
tance, guided  by  his  son.  to  consult  the  priest ;  his  only  ob- 
ject beinu:  to  receive  P>aptism,  if  he  should  be  considered 
worthy  of  the  privile<;e.  lie  stated  to  the  missionary,  that, 
in  si)ite  of  bis  ardent  desire  to  be  l)apti/ed,  he  had  not  dared 
toap])roacli  the  priest  for  that  purpose,  ow in <>:  to  a  small 
debt  of  tw<»  beaver  skins  (say  ten  dollars)  which  lieluul  con- 
tracted. 

"'My  poverty,'  said  lie.  'lias  always  ]>rovente(l  me  from 
fuUilini!;  this  obligation  ;  and  until  Iliad  done  so.  T  dared 


m 


,(•  the  V.l- 

)«'  (loiic  for 
s,  tln'y  II I'M 
(.IIS.  *TIu' 
rd  l)y  ((Ill- 
Ill  IS  iii(i;)t 
ity.  uiiitt^l 
most  j)(>i'. 

Lildss  vices 
iillciiy  un- 
iisiiy. 
yt'iiis  tlijit 
( (11  ;il)l('  t(» 
roiii  tlicni. 
to  ColvilK" 
I.  I>iiiiii,t!; 
Ill  liidiiiii. 
I  lie  I'd  mil 
1'  his  ti  list. 
■\\  ilijit  till' 
,  llic  door 
,('r  stolen, 
wlmt  they 
[  whatever 

de:i  of  the 

tiiciit  (lis- 
is  only  o)»- 
coiisidei'ed 
iiiiiy.  that, 
1  not  (hired 
to  a  siii'.ill 
lie  ]iad  coii- 

h1  me  from 
50,  T  daivd 


VMUHH  rilTEll  .1011 S  UK  i^MFJ',  s.J. 


813 


n„i  ixriiiirv  the  (h'a.ot  \\i>h  of  my  heart.  At  hist  1  had  i; 
thoiedit  "  I  Le-ixed  mv  friends  to  he  ch.irital.lctn  me,  I  am 
nuu  ill  pussesshm  nf  a  line  laiiVaiofol..' ;  I  wisii  to  make 
nivself  u(,rth\  ..f  I'.apti^m."  'file  mi>siuiiaiy.  acconipaiiied 
),v  tlieold  m:m.  went  totheeh-iU  of  tile  company  to  h-ain 
ll",,.  pailieiilais  of  the  .h'ht.  The  ch'ik  extimilM'd  the  l.ooUs, 
Itllt  said  llial   111!  Mich  del.t  existed. 

.•The  chief  slill  insisted  oil  paylll-,  I'llt  the  clelk    rej.ised 

I.,  take  the  rol.e.  •  Have  pity  on  me."  at  last  exclaimed  the 
worlhvnldman.  Mhis.h'l.t  has  remh'ied  iiie  wretched  U>U'A 
,.„on"ii :  for  vars  ii  has  wei.-lied  on  my  conscience.  1  wish 
to  |,elon-  i..!liel.|amehMsaiid  pure  prayer  (reliiiiom.  and  to 
icMke  mvM-lf  worlhvof  the  name  of  a  child  of  <iod.  This 
l,„lfalo.robec-,vr,s'  mv  (h-M."  ami  he  spread  it  on  the-roiiiid 
nt  the  feet  of  I  he  clerk,  lie  ivceived  liaptism,  and  retmiiea 
home  coiiteii'iMl  and  happy. 

••A  yonnu'  Koeteiiav.  who  had  Ix-eii  baptized  in  inhmcy, 
.Inriim'mvihsl  visit  in'  ISi:..  hadeini-rated.  with  his  parents, 
to  theSoiishwaps,  in  the  nioiintaim.ns  ivuioiis  near  Fraser 
liiver.  His  parents  d(>sired  to  marry  him  to  a  yoiiii- 
woman  wlio  was  as  vet  iinl.ai.tize<l  :  he  had  a  sister  in  the 
same  cond-tion.  It  was  resolved  that  the  three  should  make 
Hie  Ion-  joiirm-y  of  many  weeks"  travel,  to  reach  the  niis- 
sioii.  in  (.:'de:'  that  l.otli  Sacraments  miulil  be  received. 

••On  their  arrival,  their  ardent  faith,  and  praiseworthy 
eariiestness.  were  til '  admiration  of  th.-  whole  villa-v.  The 
fervent  missionary.  Father  Meiietry,  instructed  tliese  zealons 
neophytes,  and  prepared  them  for  holy  I'.aptism.^  The 
yoiin.J  man.  who  had  not  seen  a  priest  since  IS-I.".  had 
i.repared  himself  to  approach  the  tril)Mnal  of  ixMiance.  for 
the  lirst  time,  in  order  to  make  his  lirst  Comniiinioii.  and 
to  receive  the  nuptial  benediction  with  the  ])roper  disposi- 
tions. 

"On  tlie  d-iv  appointed  for  Hm  adininistri'tion  of  all  these 
Sacram(>n,  .  the  yoiinii;  ixoetenay  presented  himself,  with  an 
liiimble  and  modest  air.  at  the  confessional.  He  held  in  his 
hands  some  bundles  of  cedar  chips,  about  the  size  of  (irdi- 
nary  matelK-s,  and  divi(h"d  into  small  bunches  of   dilt'erent 


r 


mt 


874 


I'ATU/.ii  I'ETr.n  .loiis  in:  .^^frr.  s  .r 


si/.t's,  ATiff  kin't'liiiy  ill  tlif  ('oiircs^iniiiil.  hikI  siiyifij;"  lli" 
('(Hilihi)i\  ln'  li:iinl''il  llic  litllf  l>iiiiill<'«  »<>  lln'  piit'st.    •  'I'lu'sc. 

my   ladHT."   s;ii<l    lie.    Mi"'    tllc    Irslilt     nl'    |ii\    cX.-KliiilMliiill    (if 

••oii^fit'in';'.  'I'lii-*  Iminllf  !>;  siirli  :i  ^iii.  ('niiiil  llic  rliips, 
mid  Villi  will    k:i<i\v  liou    iiiii!i_\   liiiH'-  I    Icim-  niiiiMiilti'(|   it  ; 

till' si'cniiii   IhiikII'  is  Midi  :i  sin."  ;iii  I  .••(i  I iiliiiiicd   \\\> 

ronri'ssinii. 

"  His  i'n|ir("<siiill  wiis  ;ic('(i|iip:illii''l    Willi  slirli  silict'lr  siulis 

(tf  ui'ii'l'.  iIkiI  lii"<  ciiiirt'ssdr  uiis  iilVci  It'll  li>  tfius.  ||  is  iiih 
jtossililc  imt  i(»  1"'  sinnk  v  iili  :)<liiiii':ilii>ii  I'i'i'  iIm'  siiii](lici'y 
(tf  lit'nii  uliicli  It'll  uiir  yomius.iviiLiv.  in  liis  dcsiic  in  piirniiii 
this  duty  with  lln-  utmost  rxiu'litiidc  tu  this  new  method  of 
liiiikiliu' !i  (■oiiJVH^iuii;  l)Ut  still  iiioiv  !idmii;il>Ii'  is  lht';idoi;ilili' 
griicc  of  tile  Holy  (Jliost.  who  thus  r<lii'ds  His  uil'ts  Ujinii 
llicst',  His  poor  fliildivii  of  tln'  dt'si'il,  iind.  if  I  iiuiy  tlnrr  to 
Miy  '-o.  iKhipts  liim-<i'ir  to  tlit'ir  i'iiiuicity. 

••  111  ih.ir  /.i':il  and  I't'ivor,  the  Kofli'iiays  liiivc  l)iiilt  a  litl'c 
chilli  h  of  round  loLis  oil  tin' uivat  'I'oliacro  I'lailir.  Tiny 
cari'it'd  lilt' l<»,us.  which  avcia^i'd  I'loiii  twciily  to  Iw.iity- 
livt'  I'l't't  ill  It'ii.uth,  ill  llii'ii' arms  a  distMiicr  ol'  nioiv  than  a 
(luarlcrot' a  mih'.  and  raised  the  wjills  of  the  new  chiiirli,  as 
it  were.  Iiy  main  force.     The  exteiior  is  covered  with   straw 

and  sods. 

"  In  this  hiiniM"  lioiise   of   tlie  Lord    they  meet    morniii'i: 
and  evi-iiin.ii-,    to    olVer   to   the   (iivnt    Spirit    llieir    fervent 
jirayeis,     the   liist-l'ruits  of  the  day.     Ilow  strikimi'   is   li.e 
contrast    between    this  little    cliiirch  of   the   des*  rl.  and  I  he 
inamiilicent  temi'les  of  civilization,    especially   in    Kiiroj  e. 
The  majesrv  of  these  cliiirche-.  their  line  pictures,  the  .sculp- 
ture ^vilich   adorns  their  walls,  and  their  impt.sin.ii'  i.ropor- 
tions,  insi)ire  the  lieliohh'i'  with  admiration  and  awe;  yet,  on 
enterin--  this  little  cabin  consecrali'd  to  the  (ireat  Spirit,  in 
th."  desert,  elected  by  jioor  lndi;;:'s.     on  coutemiilatin,!;-   the 
profound  recollectiiai,  the  sincere   piety   depicted  on    their     _ 
feature  •.     im  liearin-i'  them  recite  their  prayers,  which  seem 
to  rise  from  the  bottom  of  their  liearts,!t  is  ilifliciilt  to  refrain 
from  tears,  and  the  spectator  exclaims  :   "Indeed,  this    poor 
and  humble  church  is  tho  abode  of  the  Lord,  and  the  house 


III 


i'.vnii:n  r/rn:i,'  .mi is  i>i-:  >  \ii:t,  s.  ,t. 


fJT" 


<l  siiyiiiji'  III" 
it'st.   -'I'Ih-h'. 

Mlllilliltiiili  nf 
III  lilt'  rlii|.s, 
illilliilli'il  it  ; 
(  lllilllird    \u> 

>ilict'rr  siulis 

IS.         It    is    ill! 

II'   siiii])li('i'y 

re  to  pririijlll 
I'W   [IH'IIkmI  of 

■*  lli»'!i<l«»riil>h' 

isjuil'tS     Il|inll 

iiijiy  <l;irt'  Id 

I'  hiiill  nlitt'c 
iiiiic.  Till  y 
y  t(»  Iw'iily- 
iiioi'<>  t  liiin  a 
I'W  cliincli.  ns 
(I  willi   slr;i\v 

K'l't  iiioniiii.u' 
tlicii'  i't'i\(  lit 
likinu'  is  i];t' 
'S(  rt,  iiiid  till* 
v  in  l"'iii(»|  I'. 

•CS,    tilt'  S('lll|l- 

nsiii.ii'  iimiior- 
I  iiwc;  yi't.  <iu 
ifiif  Spirit,  in 
ini)!:itin<;'  llif 
ctcd  (»n  their 
s,  wliicli  .seem 
icult  to  ivlViiin 
■t'd.  tins  i)0()i' 
uid  the  honse 


<»f  |>i:iyri' ;  its  whnli' ln'iinty  lii>  in  llir  |'i'l>.  /•■ill.  niid    i'»  !■ 

Vol'   .if  tllosi-  w  ho  t'litif  llli'lt'  I' 

'*  III  this  hiiiijlili'  «liui'i'li  Jill-  now    |ii'iroriiird    :il|  llif  nli'.: 
ioiis   ('•'  iMiKiiiii's  III'    |>:i|itisin    iiiid    iii!in'i:i'^i'.      Thr    liiili;iii- 
di'l'i'i'  ilit'iii  until  tin-  :ij)|>iiiiit('d  M';i"«iiii   lor  tin'  :irii\iil  nl'  llu' 
niisNionnrifs  :  tln-y  thoii  roiin'  in  I'loin  ;iil  |i;i!'t«^  ofiin'  rniin 
liy.      '  Mow  bi'iinlirnl    :iiv  tin'  I'l'i'l    of  llm-i'  ulm   kiiiiuiiiic' 

tile  (  liisjicl  of  I'l'iicc."  'I  III'  I'I'irsI  of  'his  lliis>|ii:i  lillils  ||ii> 
tl'illli  ol'  thi'  woiijs.  '.tuijiiiii  iiiiiiiii  .■> 'nn'i  ii)_\  \ul\i'  is 
swi'i'i.'  No  sooiiiT  hiis  III'  [iiiivi'il  thiin  iill  tiowd  iniiiH! 
him.  ;is  lii'Iovt'd  childii'ii,  to  .u''i'i'l,  :il'li  r  a  loiiir  iiliM-iH'i',  :i 
rathi'i'  whoiii  tlii'V  ti'iidi'ii'ly  vi'iii'ialc.  luiii  tln'  lijiinls  ol 
inranls  air  plari'd  in  thusr  i  i."  iIm'  niissioiiai\  I'j.  llidi 
niothi'i's. 

'*  A  loiiir  I'ltnl'i'i'i'iir:' f  hi-n  rollows.  Thi'  |irii'st  ulvcs  and 
I'i'ci'ivt'S  all  iirus  of  iiniiort.'iiil  I'voiits  w  hii'h  have  liajiiicind 
siiii'i'  till'  last  nit'ctiiiu'.  and  ivunlati's  with  ihr  ■''lii'l'-  tin- 
cxi'iciscs  to  111'  ritjlowi'd  diiriiiLi  his  |p|(- 'iii  \i-.it.  Up  ui\rs 
two  iiistriii'tioiis  a  day  to  ad  nils,  and  cali'thist's  tlu'  I'liildirii; 
111'  hi'lps  tlii'in  t(»  I'xaniiiH'  wrll  tlii'ir  conM'ifiiri's,  and  to 
niaki'  a  ,::ood  conrcsNion  ;  he  ini'pairs  iIh'Iii  to  aii|ii(iai'li, 
woilliily  till' holy  tal>li'.  iiistracts  iIm' caiiThnnii'iis  and  ad 
niilstht.'in  to  r>a[itisni.  toL;'i'tlii>r  with  tlir  <'hildirii  ixun  diii'- 
iiiu' his  alisi'iu'i';  hi'  roiirus  and  Mi-sscs  all  new  mail  iau'i's  ; 
and.  liki' a  ratliiT,  si'flli's  any  diliiruiiii's  which  may  liavi' 
aiisi'ii.  Soiiii'  III'  riicoiiraLii's  and  .slit'iiLithi'as  in  thr  l-'aith, 
and  ii'iiioNcs  till'  doiilit-;  and  sooth.'S  tin'  iii(|iiii'tiidi's(irolhi')s. 
in  a  wold.  Ill  I'liroiiiau'i's  all  tlii'si' uood  ii('o|iliyti's  to  know 
thr  liord,  to  si'i'vc  liiiii  raitnl'iilly.  and  lovi' Iliin  w  !h  all 
tht'ii'  licaits. 

"  ir  till' days  (>r  till'  missionary  arc  thus  tilkd  with  lal  i>r 
and  futiuiii',  In'  has  his  full  ri'<'oiiip('ns('  ol'  nn'iit  and  c inso- 
lation, ill'  counts  them  anion;'-  the  ha|>i)ii'st  days  of  his  lifi'. 
'i'hc  iJcv.  i-'athi'i'  Mt'iiftry,  their  niissionaiy.  diiiinu-  his  lisit 
in  IsriS.  baptized  lifty  children  and  tliiily  adiills,  Mr^s'  il 
forty  niarria.u'i's,  and  heard  over  live  hiKidredci.nl'essions. 

"  The  i^reat  chief  of  the  Koeteiiays,  named  Michael,  rt<'all'4 
in  the  midst  of  his  trihe  the  life  and  virtues  of   the  aneient 


s 


m 


r\rni:n  rrrrrn  .imis  i>i:  >>\ii:r,  s.,f, 


N77 


iil«  r  f;i(lur, 
:illVi'iiuiiiiin 
•  Ills.  TIh'V 
'|is  of  ilit'ii' 
to  liiid.  ill 
'  ('oliiiiiliiii 
test  |iiiriiy 
icily.  Tlicy 
iiihI  icct'ivp 
■•iiirsf  ni'  a 

'ilili*  nil  IIk* 
WilS  sciinlis 

liiys  iM'I'nrc^ 

(IfSCi'lwIillL,' 

vessel,  and 
niissiuiiaiy 
•r  Ills  lilts. 

II  attacU  of 
lir  was  al- 

H    ("Veil    (It'- 
ll!'    was 
itliol"  wliirli 

III  Marshal 

s.  reai'liiiiu; 
<'.\I>nsin't', 
roll  cdiisfi- 
liraltli.  It 
iiiiinlitTctl, 
lictt'd  with 
illVriii.ir,  lui 
his  hrntlicr 
linij:  "f  tlui 
at    the   St. 


(■  iiiilililcd  til  the 
rtiniislii.'d  UB  with 


Louis  |'iiiv<'i>itv  .w  licit' iir  had  (.lit  n  \„,h  \isii.diii  his 
last  illiii'ss  jiy  his  <  ..imilfss  |'ii..||ds  tii"  all  i('li,uioiiN  civcds 
and  Links  (if  MM'iciN .  His  htniuit'd  k mains  uric  Iwunc  to 
l-'lt.ii>-aiil,  and  llicic.  wlitiv  he  rn>|  |i<.-an  his  i(li-i.ii|s  ra 
icfi- in  Missdiiii.  icsisall  thai  i-caiihlv  (.!' (he  .saiiuly  ami 
hfit.ic  Kailit'i' I'cifi' .It.liu  !»(•  Snicf.' 

Wlicdii'i- ill  hfalih  or  si<Kii,.ss.  this  illiisfHdiis  man  wns 
as  simple  as  a  chilil  in  his  manncis.     'j'.,   the    last    he  was 

<l I'liil  ill  his  coincisalions.  n\u\  was  ever  icady  in  ansv\ci- 

(|iifsii.Mis  iclaiinu'  to  his  tnivcls.  missions,  and  a<l\cniiin'.s 
ainoiiu'  ilif  Indians,  lli^  narialivcs  wciv  ifcoiinh-d  in  siidi 
citMi'.  siinplf  lanmiauf.  and  ucif  so  ,i:iaiihi('.  .uiacfrnl.  and 
full  of  St  liU  inn  incid.'iils.  that  even  thiMii  n.  no  less  than 
did"!' |M'is(iiis,  uciv  cliarnit'd  with   his  nnu  t'lsalioii. 

••1  iifwikiicw  any  one.'"  wiiifs  l{.-v.  Ualifr  II.  Hill.  S.. I., 
"who  could  rclalc  an  anccdnic,  i.|'  a  lililchaii.  in  so  pleasinir 
ast.Nl.-as  FailhT  he  Snict.  Tlarc  wasa  iMcniiar  chai  iii  in  his 
words,  and  even  in  his  voice  and  coiiniemiicc.  uhtn   t.ljjiii.' 

those  liiile  naiiatives.  somelinifs  hninoroiis.  ofienii s  c<li- 

f.\  iiiu'.  and  always  inffresiinn," 

'I'lif  H-rejit  missj.Miary  i(.Vf<|  tlie  comi.an.x  of  chiidivn.  He 
would  soincliincs  spend  an  lioiir  t.r  nioiv.  lejlino  them 
sl.iiies  ahont  his  (ravels  ainonu  <lie  Indi.in  lijl.es  t.f  ih(> 
Hocky  .Mtmntains;  and  often,  when  waM  inu'  the  streets  of 
St.  Louis,  .uroiips  of  liiile  ones  .vonld  .1,  ud  around  him. 
lieuuin--- him  t(japp<.int  a  timi.  and  j-lace  for  ihem  to  hear 


•  llcwa- liiirii'd  MM  II  liitli' iiKiiiiiil  lit  SI   sr.ml.i-.nM  v   .iii  .        ii  i   >  .... 

.nll..«  ,„„H,»..,,    „f  SI,  |,,M,I-      Thi    .,,,,7  -^"^l    "";.  "Iil'li  i'  .i-:,r  Tlnri..;,,,,.  mu..,,, 

'   I.;/"-.  •;,'''',     '";'"■'"  '"-•"■•'■'"■•  ••  V"^'.-  is  f. y.  is.i.-  /.„, ,,,  ,>„■„  m:-.  a.ut 

n  .1      I      ;■  """■'■'■''  ""•  """■''■>■  "'  •''■■'"•  '■'  '«•''■'""  >.il-..Mh„tlv  ntnr.H.l  t,.   Iii- 


ftVi 


rMJtm  irihii  ./oirx  />/■:  s\fir  >  ./. 


Ililll    |v|!tflll,'X  Ullill     ll''    "^•'•\'^    «l|i-(l    jnllllM-yhl^f   IlllK'tli:    llli-    llil 

nuu  ill  III''  » lltl»'iin""«  i>\  (!,,■  I'iir  WphI, 

Siicli  h  Itllt  II  ulilli|>-'t'  ill  ill-  IU;il  l>  llunii'.   Uilnl  \\;i\>..  :iii<l 
Itil'ly.    Iifniilil'iil    r!iir.>r   ..f    ImiiImi    <I  •   ^lln■l.      .M<i>|    nl    llu- 
itliltlin  llli>Niii|iH  t)i'  lliis  niilKi  \   ui.iilil  lui\<-  I'll  II  iii':itl\   iiii 
Jiii«.>il<|i'  ««'!•'  it   IIDl    l'i>l'  lli«<  Jiilllllil    /I'lll.   ul'tiif    li|'in|tl«n'.  iiimI 

liMi'ly  fiifiuy.  Miihlly  |>i'iiflr;Winu'  tin*  itnkiinuii  Miliinilfs 
III'    llu"    \N'i"^l.    In-    rMii,|tic|i'il    lli<>    :i|iiMi-<l     iii'-niirn'iiiil;i' ll' 

<iliHt:i(  li's  thill   I' t   Ililll  ill   <\irv    s|t'j».      Willi   iiiniiiMiih  i| 

lii'iirl  lu'  riit'iMl  |i<Mii|t'  iiimI  Maviiui'  iiiliiw  ulms,.  !!iii;:iiimf  iiiitl 
Vi'iy  ii:uiii'  Wfiv  II  itiysti'iy  t<»  tin-  <  ivili/rd  iiiitli,  lli-  riiiiic. 
Ill'  >ii\v.  he  ('(tiitiiicri'd  ;  l-iii  iinl    liki'  lln'  |i;i'^iiii  Cn^iir.     ili 

llpt'Ul'il     Mi'ilVi'M     ll)     thi'     \iMli|lii>lM  li.         il>-     I  I   IIVi'l  |i  <l,      llllp' 

li/.»'(|.  arid  Cliii-tiiiliii"  <l  tin-  wild  rliiiis  (if  llir  West  ;  mid 
lii-s  iii»ly  iiiid  tiii'li'->  ii|in>li'liit{'  \\;is  n.iiliiiiH'd.  yiiir  id'h'i 
yciir.  iiliiin>t  ti>  iIk'  vny  diiy  of  Iii>  dt'inirtiiri'  I'loin  iliis 
wmld.' 

'  Till'  tiiiliMifliil  •liiliir  In  Kullcir  itr  Mm(  »>..|-  iliuillfil  mI  III"  lilllli  |iliM  r  iilr  ilir  •.'llli  i^l  •••  \iu  III- 
(wr,  Itr**  ll  M ii>  It  iii>»i  ith|iri'»lM' •(■('III'  Miiii.\  ili'liiikfiiUlixl  III!  II  u>  ir  |iri  •  III,  A  i  iiiintit, 
ii'|i(liM-ri|  f.if  I'll'  cMrii»!»li.  «  1-  ►i|ii'^  liv  llfty  (iiiu  •;  mil  II  liiilili  <  iilns.'.v  iif  tUv  tsri'ltt  Utlffllittiirf 
Miu- iIiIImHiI,    Tlii!«ti|lw.  It  W»»ti).  Ultmnifllllli'i'lil  »iilk  iifiiit. 


I 


A.  M.   h.  (}. 


_J 


IMll;^     (III'     |l    l| 

111   \\n\  s.  :iiii| 

.M'»(  «,|    ilif 
II  iii'.'illv   iiii 
riiililjn'.  ;il!<l 
\s\\  ^<i|itiii|cs 

lUltK'lllll.l'    ll' 

I  iiiiihtiiiiii  it 
iili;ili:iuf  iill'l 
I  III-  <  aliic, 
('(•sir.  Ill 
\i'il<i|.  Iiiip 
■  \N'i»l  ;  Miitl 
i|.  vi'iir  iilh'i 
If   I'loiii  I  his 


1  till-  '.'llh  I'l  »•  |il.  Ill- 
|iri  <iil,  A  I  II, lull!. 
ilic  (.'nut  lulselimar)- 


-1 


^■H^H^^BBBBHIH^i^ 


